F E BRUARY 8, 2016

Now
can
we stop
talking
about
my
body?
What Barbies
new shape
says about
American
beauty
By Eliana
Dockterman

time.com

Just because you dont see it,

doesnt mean it isnt there.
Introducing the newly redesigned Volkswagen Passat with Blind Spot Monitor, one
of seven available Driver Assistance features.* Passat. Where family happens.

vw.com

When equipped with

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Simulated image. *Driver Assistance features are not substitutes for attentive driving. See Owners Manual for further details and important limitations. For more information, visit www.iihs.org. 2016 Volkswagen of America, Inc.

VOL. 187, NO. 4 | 2016

5 | Conversation
6 | Verbatim

TheBrief
Cover Story

News from the U.S. and

around the world

Barbies New Body

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By Eliana Dockterman 44

9 | Is the U.S. ready for

the Zika virus?
10 | Waters of the
world, recede!
11 | A postponed
election in Haiti
11 | Irans Rouhani
makes deals in Europe
14 | Ian Bremmer on
Greeces ongoing woes
14 | Campaign 2016:
Trumps faith,
Bloombergs worry
and the prince
15 | Farewell to actor
Abe Vigoda and AI
pioneer Marvin Minsky
16 | The East Coast
blizzard, from space

TimeOf

R A L LY: B E N J A M I N R A S M U S S E N F O R T I M E ; S I A : I A N W E S T PA I M A G E S/S O T V/A P

A Trump rally in Muscatine, Iowa, on Jan. 24

The Apprentice Voter

Matters of the Heart

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By Philip Elliott 32

By Alice Park and

Jefrey Kluger 38

What to watch, read,

see and do

53 | Pop writer Sia

takes center stage

TheView
Ideas, opinion,
innovations

21 | Quarterback Cam
Newton, the new face
of the NFL
23 | Go West, young
Rams
24 | Quick Talk with
Senator Cory Booker
24 | How to have a
slightly less bad day
25 | What should we
call that new planet?
25 | The science of mob
aggression
27 | Ralph Nader on
a possible White
House run by Michael
Bloomberg
31 | Joe Klein on the
GOP backlash against
Donald Trump

56 | The O.J. Simpson

trial hits TVagain
57 | Quick Talk with
actor Kether Donohue

55 | Jhumpa Lahiris
Italian love affair

58 | Movies: Kung Fu
Panda 3, The Finest
Hours, Gilda

55 |How nonconformists
resemble one another

61 | New video game

The Witness
63 | Joel Stein on
who will win the New
Hampshire primaries
64 | 12 Questions with
Matthew Trevithick,
an American prisoner
freed by Iran

On the cover:

Photograph by Kenji Aoki for TIME

Sia has been

hiding in plain
sight, page 53

TIME (ISSN 0040-781X) is published weekly, except for two combined issues in January and one combined issue in February, April, July, August, September and November by Time Inc. PRINCIPAL OFFICE: 225
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I want equality
for women
and men.
I am

Join me at HeForShe.org
Gender equality is not only a women's issue, it is a human
rights issue that impacts us all. Become a HeForShe and
join UN Womens solidarity movement for gender equality.
UN Women is the UN organization dedicated to gender equality and the empowerment of women. Photo by Celeste Sloman

Conversation

What you
said about ...

TA H R I R S Q U A R E : M I G U E L N G E L S N C H E Z (2); B O DY C A M : T I M E .C O M V I D E O

TOXIC TAP WATER Josh Sanburns Feb. 1

cover story on the water crisis in Flint, Mich.,
was, said Tom Svoboda of Alsip, Ill., a wonderful piece exposing willful wrongdoing at
the highest state level for greed and proit.
Especially striking to MSNBC
On your cover
anchor Craig Melvin, who interyou describe
viewed Sanburn,
Flint leaders as
was that the Enincompetent.
vironmental ProEvil would
tection Agency
have been
may have also
a more
dropped the ball.
appropriate
And the Michael
adjective.
Moore essay that
accompanied the
DOUGLAS WOOD,
Topanga, Calif.
story, in which
the ilmmaker
called the crisis
a racial crime, impressed even his critics,
like Charles Rulander of Houston. Moore
can be overtly subjective, he wrote, [but] I
think he is nearly spot-on here.
Many were also moved by Detroit Free
Press photographer Regina H. Boones cover
photowhich the Source called chilling
of Flint resident Sincere Smith, 2. Widely
shared on social media, the cover prompted
Flint TV reporter Dave Bondy to tweet a simple comment: Wow.
ACADEMY
OMISSIONS Eliza
As an
Bermans look at the
Academy
factors behind the
paucity of nominations
member, I
for nonwhite actors
would love to
at this years Oscars
see a more
prompted a shout-out
from actor Reese
diverse voting
Witherspoon, who
membership.
wrote on her Facebook
page that she really
REESE WITHERSPOON,
on Facebook, about
appreciated the story.
TIMEs story
But on Twitter, DJ Seth
Troxler questioned why
the discussion did not
extend to the often stereotypical nature of the parts
that do exist for nonwhite actors. No roles, no
Oscars, he wrote. Its basic.

TAHRIRS LEGACY On the ive-year anniversary of the revolution that

ousted Hosni Mubarak, Egyptian activists like Asmaa Mahfouz (left) and
Gamal Eid still feel the fallout. See more portraits of the revolutionaries
and learn their stories at lightbox.time.com. Read about a fathers hunt
for justice after the uprising took his sons life, at time.com/tahrir.
HOW YOU CAN HELP In light of the ongoing water crisis in Flint, Mich.,
a number of charities are providing residents with bottled water, ilters, health
testing and more. Find a list of organizations at time.com/help-lint.

BONUS
TIME
HISTORY

Subscribe
to TIMEs
free history
newsletter for a
weekly look at the
stories behind
the news, plus a
curated selection
of highlights from
our archives.
For more, visit
time.com/email.

NOW PLAYING A new TIME.com video

explores the next big question in the police
body-cam debate: Where will all that footage
be stored? Watch it at time.com/body-cams.
SETTING THE RECORD STRAIGHT In
The Brief (Jan. 25), the wrong picture appeared
with a Roundup item on Princess Srirasmi of Thailand. The photo mistakenly showed Thailands
Princess Sirivannavari.
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Please recycle this

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Verbatim

You want me
to go down
there with
amop?
CHRIS CHRISTIE, New Jersey governor
and Republican presidential candidate,
responding to criticism of his decision
to campaign in New Hampshire after a
snowstorm led to looding in his
home state; he briely left the
campaign trail to oversee the
response to the storm



16
Amount in cents that
an Illinois man is suing
Papa Johns over,
arguing that the pizza
chain illegally taxed him
on a delivery fee

DONALD TRUMP, Republican presidential

front runner, on the loyalty of his supporters

GOOD WEEK
BAD WEEK

Washington
Record snow
hit the capital city,
shutting the federal
government for
two days

C,)7+(5($5(
12%/$&.
),/06%(,1*
352'8&('
:+$7,6
7+(5(72
927()25"

VIOLA DAVIS, actor, before the

Academy of Motion Picture Arts
and Sciences announced new
initiatives to boost the diversity
of its members in response to
criticism of an overwhelmingly
white slate of Oscar nominees

Emails, text messages,

social networks and
chats can also be
fully human forms of
communication.
POPE FRANCIS, in a Vatican statement released as he met with
Apple CEO Tim Cook

300,000
People who
registered a
personal drone
in the first
month after the
U.S. required
drone owners to
register

Its not up to the government, its up to God.

VANESSA IRAHETA, a pregnant woman in El Salvador, after the government issued an unprecedented call for people
to avoid having children until 2018 because of growing instances of the Zika virus, which can cause infants to be
born with brain damage
S O U R C E S : A B C N E W S , N B C N E W S , E T, M A D I S O N R E C O R D, N E W YO R K T I M E S

T R U M P : A P ; G E T T Y I M A G E S (4); I L L U S T R AT I O N S B Y B R O W N B I R D D E S I G N F O R T I M E

Value of cheddar and

Parmesan cheese
stolen in two separate
incidents in Wisconsin

I COULD
STAND
IN THE
MIDDLE
OF FIFTH
AVENUE
AND SHOOT
SOMEBODY,
AND I
WOULDNT
LOSE ANY
VOTERS.

Hamilton
The
blockbuster
Broadway musical
announced a
national tour

HOW FAR WILL YOU TAKE IT

With available Birds Eye View Camera* and standard All-Wheel Drive with intelligence (AWD-i).
Prototype shown with options. Production model may vary. Before towing, confirm your vehicle and trailer are compatible, hooked up and loaded properly and that you have any necessary
additional equipment. Do not exceed any Weight Ratings and follow all instructions in your Owners Manual. The maximum you can tow depends on the total weight of any cargo, occupants and
available equipment. *The Birds Eye View Camera does not provide a comprehensive view of the area surrounding the vehicle. You should also look around outside your vehicle and use your
mirrors to confirm surrounding clearance. Cold weather will limit effectiveness and view may become cloudy. 2015 Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.

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GREECE MIGHT YET BE THE STORY THAT PUSHES EUROPEAN CONSENSUS TO THE BREAKING POINT. PAGE 14

In an efort to stop the spread of Zika, a specialist fumigates a graveyard in Lima on Jan. 15

HEALTH

Why the Zika

outbreak
marks a new
normal for
infectious
disease

A F P/G E T T Y I M A G E S

By Bryan Walsh

PHOTOGR APH BY ERNESTO BENAVIDES

ITS EASY TO THINK DANGEROUS

mosquito-borne diseasesthe kind
that can cause birth defects, severe
illness or even deathare something
only poor, tropical countries need to
fear. Yet malaria, brought to the U.S.
by European colonists and African
slaves, wasnt eliminated from the
hot and humid American South until
federal eforts inally eradicated it
during World War II. The Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC), the agency now charged with
protecting the U.S. public against such
scourges, grew out of that campaign.
(Thats why its headquartered in
Atlanta.) More recently, dengue, West
Nile and chikungunyaall mosquitoborne viruseshave invaded the U.S.,
brought from abroad by travelers and
aided by a warming climate that has

become more hospitable to diseasecarrying insects.

Now theres a new infectious invader to fear: Zika. First discovered in
Uganda in 1947, Zikathen conined
to the equatorial belt in Africa and
Asia and thought to cause little more
than mild lulike symptomswas an
afterthought to disease experts. But
at some recent point, perhaps during
the 2014 World Cup held in Brazil, an
infected traveler brought the virus to
Latin America, where it has exploded,
spreading to more than 20 countries
and likely infecting hundreds of thousands of people. But the real worry is
what the Zika virus seems to be doing
to pregnant women. Since the irst case
of Zika in Brazil in May 2015, the country has reported some 4,000 cases of
microcephalya severe birth defect
9

TheBrief

10

TIME February 8, 2016

ROUNDUP

TRENDING

Vanishing waters
ofthe world
Bolivias Lake Poop, a saltwater lake that once
covered around 386 sq. mi. (1,000 sq km), has
now evaporated almost entirely, partly because
of drought driven by climate change. Pressures
from the changing planet and industry are
drying up bodies of water across the globe:

PROTESTS
Authorities arrested
Ammon Bundy, who led
the armed occupation
of a federal wildlife
preserve in Oregon for
most of January, during
a shooting at a traffic
stop on Jan. 26 that
left one militia member
dead and another
injured, according to
the FBI and Oregon
officials.

CRIME
A Texas grand jury
formed to investigate
allegations that
Planned Parenthood
profited from the sale
of fetal tissue instead
indicted two pro-life
activists who helped
film sting videos.
Both are charged with
illegally tampering with
a governmental record
by using fake IDs.

IMMIGRATION
Denmark passed a
controversial law on
Jan. 26 to seize the
assets of asylum
seekers above $1,400
to help cover their
expenses. Prime
Minister Lars Lokke
Rasmussen said the
misunderstood bill
would treat migrants
the same as the
unemployed.

LAKE FAGUIBINE
This Malian lake
is fed by the Niger
River, whose
tributaries have
become clogged
with sand after
years of drought,
shrinking the lake from 228 sq. mi. (590 sq km)
in 1974 to shallow pools today. Mali has been
trying to clear the tributaries for over 10 years.
DEAD SEA The famed
saline lake recedes by
roughly 3 ft. (1 m) per
year, as industry and
farmers divert water
from the Jordan River.
In December, Israel and
Jordan advanced plans to
build a 112-mile (180 km)
pipeline to pump in briny
water from the Red Sea.
COLORADO RIVER
After decades
of damming and
diversions of
the 1,450-mile
(2,330 km) river,
only 10% of water
from the U.S.
watershed reaches Mexico. Scientists foresee
a gap between supply and demand of 1 trillion
gallons by 2060 as climate change worsens.
POYANG LAKE What
was once Chinas
largest freshwater lake
has largely evaporated
because of drought
and a nearby dam on
the Yangtze River. The
Poyang has dipped to
5% of its usual capacity,
causing water shortages
for over 1 million people.

DIGITS

,207,281
74
2
1
The worlds largest known prime number,
expressed here as an exponent with 1
subtracted. The full number, unveiled on
Jan. 26, has 22,338,618 digits

P R O T E S T S : G E T T Y I M A G E S; C R I M E , I M M I G R AT I O N : A P ; W AT E R : N A S A (4)

that causes a shrunken head and major brain damage. In 2014 the country of 200 million reported
just 150 cases of the abnormality. Scientists suspect
that Zika infections in pregnancy may be causing
microcephaly and possibly other less visible forms
of brain damage in infants. The CDC has warned
pregnant women not to travel to afected countries
in Latin Americaa recommendation that may
soon include the entire region. To reduce the risks
from Zika, desperate governments in countries
like El Salvador have gone so far as to urge women
to avoid becoming pregnant until 2018the
epidemiological equivalent of a Hail Mary pass.
So far, there have been a handful of Zika cases
recorded in the U.S., all in travelers who got sick
elsewhere and brought the disease home. That
means that for now, Zika probably isnt actively
spreading in the U.S. But the World Health Organization has predicted that the disease will eventually reach every country in the Americas except
Canada and Chilethe only two where the Aedes
mosquito, which carries the virus, isnt found.
Things like this tend not to go away, says
Dr. Anthony Fauci, head of the National Institute
of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, which is working on a Zika vaccine. Cases may go up and go
down, but its not just going to go away.
Like other infectious diseases that have threatened the U.S.malaria in years past or Ebola, for
that matterZika is a reminder of just how connected we all are today, when theres hardly a spot
on the planet, no matter how remote, thats more
than 24 hours from a major city.
In a globalized world, were only as strong as
the weakest health link. Even if the U.S. is able
to control Zika within its own borders, as it did
malaria, the out-of-control spread in the rest of the
region will pose a constant danger, especially with
hard-hit Brazil hosting the Olympics this summer.
There are no walls that can keep out disease.
Zika diagnoses must be conirmed by lab tests,
and the fact that 4 out of 5 people infected with
Zika never show symptoms makes the virus hard to
track and stop. The sudden explosion of casesand
the virus seemingly new ability to cross the placental barrier between mother and fetussuggests
that it may have mutated, which presents another
challenge for scientists. Viral threats dont stand
still. They change and evolve.
And so does the planet we live on. Humans may
not like a warmer climate, but disease-carrying
mosquitoes do. They bite more and ly farther,
and the viruses they carry tend to replicate faster.
So as public-health oicials prepare for a new
onslaught of insect-borne disease, a new reality is
setting in: In a warmer, connected world, Zika isnt
an epidemic. Its a fact of life. With reporting by
ALEXANDRA SIFFERLIN/NEW YORK

DATA

GRAFT AROUND
THE GLOBE
Transparency
International
ranks countries
by the perceived
corruption of
those in power,
and says graft
overall declined
in 2015. Here is
a sample of the
results, from least
to most corrupt:

1
Denmark

HAITIAN UNREST Demonstrators lee after police ired shots to disperse protests against President Michel Martellys
government on Jan. 23 in Port-au-Prince. A day earlier, Haiti indeinitely postponed a runoff election to choose Martellys
replacement amid claims of fraud by opposition leader Jude Clestin. The Haitian constitution requires Martelly to leave
ofice on Feb. 7, and a transitional government may follow. Photograph by Dieu Nalio CheryAP

EXPLAINER

Irans President makes new

friends in Europe
PRESIDENT HASSAN ROUHANI OF IRAN
took a four-day trip to Italy and France
in late January, starting nine days after
economic sanctions on Iran were lifted
for its compliance with the terms of the
nuclear deal. The tour marked the irst
time in 16 years an Iranian President had
visited Europe and set the foundation
for new economic ties with the West.

ROUHANI: AP

ITALIAN JOBS Italian and Iranian

companies signed about $18 billion

worth of mainly steel, oil and shipmaking deals on Jan. 25 to mark Rouhanis visit. Unemployment creates
soldiers for terrorists, Rouhani
said in Rome, where nude statues
at the Capitoline Museum were
covered up for the Muslim clerics visitdespite the outrage of
some Italian politicians.

The Vatican said

Rouhani and Pope
Francis discussed
reconciliation,
tolerance and
peace

9
Canada

VATICAN VISIT Rouhani headed to Vatican

City on Jan. 26 for a private 40-minute

conversation with Pope Francis, the irst
meeting since 1999 of an Iranian President and a Pope. Francis, who strongly
supported the nuclear deal, urged Iran to
serve an important role in working toward peace in the Middle East. Rouhani
asked the Pontif to pray for him.
MEALS AND DEALS Rouhanis arrival in

France on Jan. 27 was overshadowed

by his reluctance to join President
Franois Hollande for a formal lunch,
after France denied Irans requests
for halal meat and no wine. But Iran
was still expected to seal an
agreement with French irm
Airbus to buy 114 planes.
These trade deals could
bolster Rouhani ahead
of Feb. 26 elections in
which his moderate followers hope to prevail.
JULIA ZORTHIAN

16
U.S.

56
Ghana

61
Italy

158
Venezuela

11

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TheBrief

THE RISK REPORT

TRENDING

Greece could still

bring down Europe
By Ian Bremmer

PUBLIC HEALTH
State and city oficials
were accused of
violating federal laws
protecting drinking
water in Flint, Mich.,
in a lawsuit brought
by city residents and
environmental, civil
rights and religious
groups as the citys
water-supply crisis
continues.

COURTS
Malaysias Prime
Minister Najib Razak
was cleared of
corruption after being
accused of embezzling
$681 million from the
state. The countrys
attorney general said
the funds were in fact
a donation from the
Saudi royal family.

A FEW MONTHS AND A MILLION MIGRANTS

ago, Greeces inancial problems were the biggest story in Europe. Yet despite last years
bailout, Greece and its struggles could again
push European unity to the brink, because
the countrys reform process is headed for a
confrontation.
As Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras
and his Syriza party celebrate one year in
power, they now turn to a contentious question: pension reform. Greek unions have
responded to threats of pension cuts with
strikes and angry protests. Syriza and its coalition partner control just 153 of 300 seats in
Parliament, a bare majority that leaves no political room for maneuver. Tsipras domestic
political enemies are circling like buzzards.
Adding to the Prime Ministers problems,
the opposition New Democracy party is now
headed by Kyriakos Mitsotakis, a credible
and capable reformer. Mitsotakis has cleverly accepted the bailouts headline numbers
while challenging every step Tsipras takes to
achieve them. Few of Greeces smaller parties
have any incentive to help Syriza absorb the
blows that will come with more austerity.

As if Athens didnt have enough problems,

the countrys inability to slow the low of migrants into Europe has angered E.U. policymakers. Greece has constructed just two of
ive promised reception camps meant to process migrants, and E.U. oicials have threatened to cut the country out of the Schengen
Agreement, which allows for free movement
across borders, if the Syriza-led government
fails to comply. That would shift Europes
border to the north, leaving Greece looded
with refugees who have nowhere to go.
But Tsipras biggest problem may be that
German Chancellor Angela Merkel can no
longer aford to compromise with his government. Merkel has gambled that Germans will
allow her to accept future waves of refugees
into her country with no limit on their number. But as ordinary Germans fear the efect
of the migrant surge on the countrys security
and identity, Merkel has seen her approval
ratings fall to their lowest levels in more than
four years. She might soon become too politically weak to throw Greece yet another much
needed lifeline. Trapped between an increasingly angry Greek public and creditors in no
mood for concession, Tsipras might again
ind himself in the iring line.
Thats why, though the refugee crisis and
Britains looming referendum on E.U. membership now dominate Europes news, Greece
might yet be the story that pushes European
consensus to the breaking point.

CAMPAIGN 2016

HOT ON THE TRAIL

Contradictions abound as Iowa prepares to caucus

Faith in Trump
Prince of concern
ART
A photograph of a
potato recently sold for
more than $1 million
to a European
businessman whose
identity has not been
revealed. Irish artist
Kevin Abosch, known
chiely for his celebrity
portraits, admitted that
some might consider
the price paid for his
Potato #345 absurd.

Ohio Governor John Kasich

is all smiles in New Hampshire, calling himself the
prince of light and hope.
But he cant help fretting
over what Donald Trump
will do in the White House,
saying the front runners
rhetoric recalls the Salem
witch trials. Im concerned
about negativity rising in
America, he told TIME.

Hillary insurance
Former New York City mayor
Michael Bloomberg is
planning a turnkey third-party
campaign in case Hillary
Clinton falters. The billionaire
doesnt want to see Bernie
Sanders or Trump win. One
Bloomberg aide told TIME
its still possible that he
would run against Clinton but
signiicantly less likely.

Religious-right insiders
hoped to christen Ted
Cruz as their chosen one,
but Liberty Universitys
Jerry Falwell Jr. upset
those plans with a Trump
endorsement on Jan. 26.
A Pew poll shows that white
evangelicals see Trump as
the least devout in the ield,
but more than half say he
would be a good President.

By Philip Elliott, Sam Frizell and Zeke J. Miller

P U B L I C H E A LT H , C O U R T S : R E U T E R S ; A R T: K E V I N A B O S C H ; K A S I C H : G E T T Y I M A G E S; B L O O M B E R G , T R U M P : A P ; V I G O D A : E V E R E T T; M I N S K Y: C O U R T E S Y O F T H E M I N S K Y F A M I LY

Milestones
DIED
Henry Worsley, 55,
explorer, with just 30 miles
(48 km) remaining in
his attempt to become
the irst man to inish an
unaided solo trek across
Antarctica. He called for
help before the inish line
and died on Jan. 24 of
peritonitis. Through the
913 miles (1,470 km)
he did complete over
71 days, the former British
army oficer exceeded his
goal of raising more than
$140,000 for wounded
soldiers.

DIED

Marvin Minsky
Pioneer of artiicial
intelligence
By Ray Kurzweil

Cu Rua, or GreatGrandfather Turtle, a

360-lb. (163 kg) Yangtze
softshell turtle of
unknown age that lived
in Hoan Kiem Lake in the
Vietnamese capital of
Hanoi. Legend holds it
helped drive out Chinese
forces in the 15th century.
BANNED
By President Obama,
solitary confinement
for juveniles in federal
prison, or as a punishment
for low-level infractions
committed by inmates. It
doesnt make us safer, he
said. Its an affront to our
common humanity.
DROPPED
By Amherst College, the
unoficial Lord Jeffs
mascot, after students
protested its ties to the
colonial leader Lord Jeffery
Amherst, who advocated
giving smallpox-infected
blankets to Native
Americans.
AWARDED
The 2016 PEN/Allen
Foundation Literary
Service Award, to
Harry Potter author
J.K. Rowling, who has set
up charities that support
multiple-sclerosis research
and institutionalized
children. Previous winners
include Toni Morrison,
Salman Rushdie and
Margaret Atwood.

Vigoda as Detective Fish

DIED

Abe Vigoda
An actor of cranky grandeur
AS THE ETERNALLY BELEAGUERED DETECTIVE
Phil Fish on the 1970s sitcom Barney Miller, Abe
Vigoda was all sideburns, caterpillar eyebrows
and stooped shoulders. You could sketch his
physical essence in ive strokesthough it would
take much more to capture the woebegone gleam
in his eye, or the just-behind-the-beat nobility of
his comic timing.
Vigoda, who died Jan. 26 at age 94, almost
didnt have a movie or TV career at all. He was
already 50, and an accomplished stage actor,
when he won the part of Sal Tessio in The
Godfathera man whose eyes, already glancing
away from the future, say much more than words
ever could. After that, you knew Vigoda when you
saw him, in the many TV and movie bit parts he
played through the years. His hangdog grandeur
was a kind of joy unto itselfan invitation to laugh
at the world no matter how much weight it heaps
on your shoulders.STEPHANIE ZACHAREK

MARVIN MINSKY WAS ONE OF

humanitys great thinkers. When
I was 14, I wrote asking to meet
with him. He invited me to visit
him at MIT and spent hours with
me as if he had nothing else to do.
Years later, I watched as my young
daughter Amy, sitting at a restaurant, built a large structure on the
table with Marvin, using the silverware and experimenting with
diferent ways the utensils could
create stable structures. There
was no sense he was working with
an elementary-school student. He
approached the endeavor with the
same seriousness and whimsy he
brought to his interactions with
any colleague.
He was the consummate educator, for that was his greatest
joy and passion. But he was also
many other things: a scientist, a
mathematician, an inventor, an
engineer, a roboticist, a writer, a
philosopher, a polymath, a poet,
a musician and most of all a student of human nature and thinking. He was the principal pioneer
of both the symbolic and connectionist schools of artiicial intelligence, and made profound contributions that have enriched the
ield of computer scienceand of
all of science.
Kurzweil is a futurist and the author of ive
books on artiicial intelligence

Minsky died Jan. 24 at 88

15

LightBox

The storm,
from 223
miles up
The massive snowstorm that
blanketed the East Coast
from Washington, D.C., to
New York City is seen from the
International Space Station.
Astronaut Scott Kelly, who is
spending a year in space, took
this photo and shared it on
social media on Jan. 23.
Photograph by Scott
KellyNASA
To follow Scott Kellys Year in

Space, visit time.com/space

The Year of the Outsider

Behind the Scenes with the People Shaking Up the Race for President

PICK UP YOUR
COPY IN STORES
OR WHEREVER
EBOOKS
ARE SOLD!

+
2016 Time Inc. Books. TIME is a registered trademark of Time Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries

HILLARY CLINTON ... IS PROFOUNDLY QUALIFIED TO LEAD OUR COUNTRY. PAGE 24

A fired-up Newton will lead Carolina against Denver and Peyton Manning in the Super Bowl on Feb. 7

SPORTS

How Cam
Newton
became the
face of the
NFL

GE T T Y IMAGES

By Sean Gregory

PHOTOGR APH BY GR ANT HALVERSON

THE CODE OF CONDUCT FOR A STAR

quarterback in the NFL is as closely
cropped as Johnny Unitas crew cut:
be commanding but not too emotional, be driven but never showy, display enough personality to sell pizza
but not so much that some fans wont
want to buy it. In other words, be a lot
like Peyton Manning.
For 17 seasons, Manning has embodied the marquee job in Americas
most watched sport with vanilla excellence. The son of an NFL quarterback
and brother of another, Manning acts
like a CEO on the ield, coolly reading
defenses before dissecting them with
surgical passes. Touchdowns rarely
merit more than raised arms. This
approach has led to a fortune in endorsements, a league-record ive MVP
awards and a Super Bowl title.
But as Manning leads the Denver

Broncos into Super Bowl 50 on Feb. 7,

the injury-riddled 39-year-old will be
doing more than trying to win what
could be his inal pro game. Whether
he likes it or not, Manning will be ceding his role as the face of the NFL. The
heir? Mannings opposing quarterback and stylistic opposite, the Carolina Panthers star Cam Newton. And
his ascension could be one of the best
things to happen to the NFL.
A sport deined for a decade by
two aging starsManning and Tom
Bradyand haunted by headlines involving brain injuries and domestic
violence could use fresh air. (Manning
now inds himself ighting allegations
of performance-enhancing drug use,
which the NFL is investigating.) Newton, the sixth African-American quarterback to start a Super Bowl, is a charismatic free spirit unburdened by the
21

TheView
No. 1 defensive
ranking

conventions of being a franchise quarterback. And even in a league illed with

dazzling talents, the 26-year-old Newton
stands out. Built like a linebacker6 ft.
5 in. and 245 lb.with the speed of a running back and the skills of a toplight
quarterback, Newton can run past defenders, overpower them and outfox
them with shrewd passes. And unlike his
stolid predecessors, Newton celebrates
those big plays like he just hit the Powerball. I dont think weve seen a quarterback like Cam Newton, says Hall of
Fame quarterback Kurt Warner, and I
dont think we ever will again.
Rewriting the rules has made plenty
of people uncomfortable. In November, following a Panthers win over the
Tennessee Titans, a Tennessee fan complained in a letter to the Charlotte Observer that Newtons celebrations exposed kids to egotism, arrogance and
poor sportsmanship. (Never mind that
following a touchdown Newton usually
gives the ball to a kid in the stands.) On
social media, Newton is routinely disparaged as a thuga term with unsubtle
racial overtones. Particularly in these
times, nobody is going to come out and
say, Cam Newtons a black quarterback,
and I dont like the way black people behave in public, says Todd Boyd, a professor of race and popular culture at
USC. Instead, what theyre going to do
is attack his style.
And in any case, Newton is well on
his way to transcending his critics. After
Newton made dabbing, a once obscure
dance step, part of his celebratory routine, the move quickly went viral. And big
brands have happily hitched their wagon
to the mold-breaking star. In 2015, Newton made at least $11 million shilling for
companies such as Under Armour, Beats
by Dre, Gatorade and Dannona haul on
par with Mannings. Cam has not toned
his game down, says Boyd. Hes really
amped it up. And so, what better place
than the most watched television event
of the year for him to demonstrate to the
world who he is?
If anything can crush Newton, it
wont be the hatersits Denvers leaguebest defense, which beat up Brady in the
AFC championship game. No matter the
outcome, this Super Bowl will mark a
passing of the plaster-cast quarterback.
Let the funinallybegin.

22

TIME February 8, 2016

Super Bowl winners

(top-5 defenses in red)

NEW ENGLAND PATRIOTS

30

SEATTLE SEAHAWKS
13

13th
1st

BALTIMORE RAVENS

17th
27th

NEW YORK GIANTS

of the 49 Super
Bowl champions
had a top-5
defense

2010

GREEN BAY PACKERS

5th

NEW ORLEANS SAINTS

PITTSBURGH STEELERS
08

D-Day
for
Denver

25th
1st

NEW YORK GIANTS

7th

INDIANAPOLIS COLTS

21st

PITTSBURGH STEELERS

4th

NEW ENGLAND PATRIOTS

9th

NEW ENGLAND PATRIOTS

TAMPA BAY BUCCANEERS

Turns out the old

adage rings true:
defense does win
championships.
And the Denver
Broncos, who
face the Carolina
Panthers in Super
Bowl 50 on Feb. 7,
yield the fewest
yards in the NFL.

02
2000

7th
1st

NEW ENGLAND PATRIOTS

BALTIMORE RAVENS

24th
2nd

ST. LOUIS RAMS

6th

DENVER BRONCOS

11th

DENVER BRONCOS
GREEN BAY PACKERS
96

5th
1st

DALLAS COWBOYS

9th

SAN FRANCISCO 49ERS

8th

DALLAS COWBOYS
DALLAS COWBOYS
92
1990

1st
RANKED
DEFENSE

10th
1st

WASHINGTON REDSKINS
NEW YORK GIANTS

3rd
2nd

SAN FRANCISCO 49ERS

4th

SAN FRANCISCO 49ERS

DENVER
BRONCOS

3rd

WASHINGTON REDSKINS
NEW YORK GIANTS
CHICAGO BEARS

SUPER BOWL50

85

2015 SEASON

18th
2nd
1st

SAN FRANCISCO 49ERS

10th

LOS ANGELES RAIDERS

4th

WASHINGTON REDSKINS
SAN FRANCISCO 49ERS
1980

6th

11th
2nd

PITTSBURGH STEELERS
DALLAS COWBOYS

RANKED
DEFENSE

77

CAROLINA
PANTHERS

3rd
1st

OAKLAND RAIDERS

18th

PITTSBURGH STEELERS
PITTSBURGH STEELERS

4th
1st

MIAMI DOLPHINS

74

MIAMI DOLPHINS
72
1970

NOTE: THE NFL GREW FROM 24

TEAMS IN 1966 TO THE CURRENT
32 TEAMS BY 2002. DEFENSIVE
RANKINGS BASED ON YARDS PER
GAME. RANKINGS PRIOR TO 1970
ARE COMBINED AFL AND NFL
RANKINGS

4th
2nd

OAKLAND RAIDERS
PITTSBURGH STEELERS

SOURCES: NFL; SPORTS

REFERENCE LLC

Defensive rank
(regular season)

DALLAS COWBOYS

3rd
1st
3rd

BALTIMORE COLTS
KANSAS CITY CHIEFS

9th
3rd

NEW YORK JETS

2nd

GREEN BAY PACKERS

2nd

GREEN BAY PACKERS

3rd

 For more on these ideas, visit time.com/ideas

After 21 years
in St. Louis, the
Rams will return
to Los Angeles for
the 2016 season.
The planned new
stadium (left) at
the heart of the
relocation deal is
scheduled to open
in 2019

63%
Percentage
of Super Bowl
winners with a
higher-ranked
defense than their
opponent

14
Number of teams
with No. 1ranked
defenses that
have reached the
Super Bowl

9
Number of those
teams that won

Lessons from a
costly divorce
By Jack Dickey

Look for Denvers

Von Miller, above,
and Carolinas Luke
Kuechly to have big
days on defense in
Super Bowl 50

SUPER BOWL 50 BE DAMNEDTHE BIGGEST NFL

news to date emerged not from any playof game
but from a hotel ballroom in Houston. It was there
on Jan. 12 that the leagues 32 owners blessed the
Rams to ditch St. Louis for Los Angeles, reversing
their 1995 move. At a cost of more than $2 billion,
Rams owner Stan Kroenke would build a shining
complex complete with retail, oice and residential space in Inglewood, southwest of L.A.
The Rams return may right some past wrongs.
The team probably should not have left in the
irst place, and surely not for St. Louis charmless
dome. Though kids may not recall the L.A. Rams,
the team has real history out West. The NFL is also
likely better of with a team in that big market.
St. Louis got jobbed on this, but if any franchise was going to move anywhere, it made the
most sense for the Rams to move to Los Angeles,
says Michael MacCambridge, an NFL historian.
The Inglewood stadium may well be laudable
for fan experience upon its scheduled 2019 opening, and it is laudable in the interim for siphoning
relatively little money from the public treasury to
fund its construction. Kroenke and his partners
could get $100 million in tax breaks, a pittance
considering that the proposal in St. Louis called for
almost four times as much in public funding.
But if football is family, as an inescapable NFL
branding campaign has claimed, then its a family straight out of John Cheever. Three rich men
(Kroenke bested the Oakland Raiders and San
Diego Chargers owners in landing in L.A., though
either may yet join him) scrambled to abandon
their longtime homes for a glamorous new market.
M I L L E R , K U E C H LY: A P ; C O U R T E S Y H K S S P O R T S & E N T E R TA I N M E N T G R O U P

The Rams relocation application to the NFL

cut deepit called St. Louis a struggling city. Yet
when Kroenke took majority team ownership in
2010, he said he would attempt to do everything
he could to keep the Rams there. He cited his roots;
indeed, he was born in Columbia, Mo., and was
named Enos Stanley Kroenke after two St. Louis
baseball legends. Kroenke told Sports Illustrated
that the move was extremely hard, but when you
look at the rational, economic side, what was expected of us made no sense.
He has a point. What was expected of the Rams
was a mutually advantageousat least according
to the dubious theories of stadium subsidiesextension of the team-public partnership. But to lure
the Rams in 1995 to the empty dome, already built,
St. Louis signed an infamous deal that promised
the team a state of the art stadium in perpetuity.
Anything less and the Rams could break their 30year lease and scram. With those lopsided terms,
the L.A. vacancy and his riches, Kroenke had no
economic reason to capitulate.
Says Dave Peacock, who chaired the Missouri
governors stadium task force: Stan Kroenke had
not spoken publicly in almost four years. Actions
speak louder than words, and there were no words
in this case.
As if the city hadnt just learned a lesson about
the beneicence of Big Business, the St. Louis
Board of Aldermen has asked the NFL to repay
$36 million in public debt on the again empty stadium. And a lawsuit iled on behalf of St. Louis
fans awaits the Rams.
In time, St. Louis will relocate its dignity and
learn not to miss the departed club. And in the outrage of the Rams jilted fans, a keen observer may
ind parallels to a pair of insurgent presidential
candidates. Some fans surely wish they had never
dallied with this billionaire. Others must wish
theyd had an advocate who made a better deal.

TheView

NUTSHELL

QUICK TALK

Cory Booker
The New Jersey Senator, 46, first gained renown as a
Newark mayor who rescued people from burning
buildings and shoveled sidewalks during snowstorms.
Now hes a rising Democratic star with vicepresidential buzz. His new memoir, United, charts his
journey into politics and calls for finding common
ground in American government.
You write that your book is meant to inspire
action. Who has inspired you? Harriet Tubman.
Her statue sat on my desk almost my entire time in
public oice. She realized that she wasnt free until
everyone was free.
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie caught some
lak for downplaying the damage of the recent
snowstorm in the state. Why are storms so politically perilous? All the political leaders I work with
in New Jersey understand that houses are destroyed,
lives are upended, and it is incredibly diicult. I try
never to play into the politics of it. I have no barbs to
throw, especially when were still cleaning up.
You two have something of a political bromance. How do you think hes doing in the
presidential campaign? I think the bromance
aspect gets a lot more attention and the real substantive and often ierce disagreements dont. He
and I disagree on policy issues across the board.
Ive been frustrated by him, angered by steps
hes taken, from cutting Planned Parenthood or
reducing the earned-income tax credit all the way
to [pig] gestation crates. Ive never been shy about
telling people about our disagreements, but I also
understand that he is the duly twice-elected governor of our state. People elected us to ind ways to
work together.

DIGITS

$50
BILLION
Estimated Apple
earnings for the irst
three months of
2016. That igure is
down from $58 billion
over the same period
last year, thanks in
part to softening
iPhone and iPad
sales. It is the tech
titans irst revenue
decline in 13 years.
Said CEO Tim Cook:
This too shall pass.

Rock-n-roll neighborhood

Would you accept the VP

slot if it were ofered? It is
something I just refuse to
entertain because I think
its fruitless to focus on
anything but the primaries right now.
KATIE REILLY
J O H N AT K I N S O N , W R O N G H A N D S

TIME February 8, 2016

BAD WORK SITUAtions tend to feel

beyond our control. But in her new
book, Caroline
Webb, a former partner in the McKinsey
consulting colossus, argues that theyre
(relatively) easy to avoidusing a few
tricks from behavioral economics, psychology and neuroscience. When you
disagree with colleagues, she suggests,
try repeating their side of the argument
back to them airmatively; they will feel
appreciated, even if they dont win the
battle. To avoid stress from procrastination, promise yourself a small reward,
like a snack, for every completed assignment. And when you get frustrated,
pause to ask yourself how youll feel
about a troubling task in a month or a
year; perspective always helps. Webb
admits that these tweaks wont prevent
every work catastrophe. But they can improve day-to-day well-being, which can
be just as important. Once we recognize how our thought patterns can afect
everything from our perception of reality to the moods of those around us, she
writes, less of the day seems driven by
chance.SARAH BEGLEY

CHARTOON

Why are you supporting Hillary Clinton? Im actually a fan of all three Democrats in the race. But
when it comes to Hillary Clinton, it wasnt even a
question that she is profoundly
qualiied to lead our country
during perilous times, as well as
deeply adroit in policy.

24

How to
Have a
Good Day

 For more on these ideas, visit time.com/ideas

SNAPSHOT

The airplane skylight

Imagine looking up from your cramped airplane seat and seeing a galaxy of stars.
Thats the vision of engineers at Boeing, who are developing a system that aims to
relax passengers by illuminating the planes beige walls with eye-catching sights.
Beyond space or sunrises, the light projectorswhich are being tested in a lab and
are not yet on commercial lightscould also display photos of and details about
the planes destination. The main goal, per Boeing, is to make cabins feel less
constricted. The possibilities are endless, says VP Mike Sinnett. Julie Shapiro

POLL

WHAT SHOULD
WE NAME
PLANET 9?
Now that researchers
believe they have found
a new planet in the far
reaches of our solar
system, the pressure
is on to ind a suitable
moniker. (Pluto, after
all, was named by an
11-year-old girl.) Heres
how some unoficial
suggestions fared
among TIME.com
readers:

25%
Terminus
The Roman god of
borders

15%
Fortuna
The Roman goddess
of luck

12%
Solo
As in Han

QUICK TAKE

The science of mob aggression

BO OKER: AP; PROJECT ION : BO EIN G; I L L U S T R AT I O N S B Y M A R T I N G E E

By Mina Cikara and Adrianna Jenkins

THE REPORTS OF MOBS OF MEN SEXUALLY
assaulting women in Germany on New Years
Eveand the mobs of rioters targeting Pakistani and Syrian immigrantshave left many
wondering how so many people could commit such horriic acts. Some blame cultural
diferences. But theres another factor at play:
the crowds themselves.
Being part of a group changes how people think and behave. Training with a team,
for example, can drive athletes to push their
physical limits.
But crowds can also be dangerous, in part
because they promote a so-called mob mentality. When acting with others, individuals
often feel more anonymous and less responsible for their actions, including acts of aggression. Sometimes they may even commit

wrongdoing knowingly to seek the approval

of those around them. In our own research,
we found evidence suggesting that being
swept up in the excitement of a crowd can
also make people lose touch with their personal moral codeand, in turn, more likely to
violate it.
Of course, this in no way diminishes the
responsibility of the New Years Eve attackers. It does suggest, though, that it may actually be more, rather than less, likely for larger
numbers of people to commit wrongdoing
if those people come together as a group.
Cikara, a Harvard psychology professor, and
Jenkins, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, are the authors of a prominent study on mob mentality

7%
Tartarus
A dungeon for sinners
in Greek mythology

6%
Olaf
Disneys Frozen
snowman

4%
George
Floated by the
researchers

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Money Since 1936
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VIEWPOINT

What is Michael Bloomberg

thinking?

GE T T Y IMAGES

By Ralph Nader
MICHAEL BLOOMBERG, FORMER THREE-TERM MAYOR OF
New York City, recently told his advisers to inform the media
that he is laying the groundwork for a possible presidential campaign as an independent. This is the third presidential cycle in which he has contemplated such a run. So bold,
given the two-party tyranny that heavily controls the ballot choices of voters. It is not indecision that is rendering
him tentative. No one who has built a booming media empire from a relatively small investment in the early 1980s,
and who was elected as a Republican in a Democratic Party
stronghold, can be charged with indecision.
Rather, the problem is a deeply researched hesitation.
Bloomberg wants to run only if he thinks he can win. He is not
interested in making collateral points or pursuing causes that
are not directly on the path to electoral victory. In his typically methodical fashion, for nearly 10 years Bloomberg has
been quietly conducting surveys and polls and having frank
discussions with advisers, colleagues, historians and electoral
specialists over the variables.
He deeply believes he is the most capable candidate, and
the constants are his assets. His wealth saves him precious
personal time and conveys a widely appreciated impression
that he cannot be bought. His company name makes his national name recognition a fairly easy task. He governed a
fractious Democratic city in a hands-on, largely bipartisan
mannershowcasing a New York valuethat is sought by
people tired of gridlock and rancor. He can talk about the
needs of the tens of millions of urban dwellers more graphically than any of the present candidates.
Although he has received criticism for his positions on
civil liberties and poverty policies, he panders less than
almost any national politician. Just ask the tobacco and junkfood companies, the NRA and the restaurant industry (hold
the soda and the smokes). Remarkably, he resisted heavy
local pressure in 2010 and supported the right of an Islamic
cultural center to locate in lower Manhattan. Then there are
views and candidates he has championed that are disliked by
many. He favors charter schools and as mayor was protective
of Wall Street, minimizing its serious derelictions in favor of
emphasizing its economic importance to New York City.
Bloomberg is right to worry more about the variables than
these constants. His major concern is the vestigial Electoral
College; he knows that Ross Perot, running an erratic campaign in 1992, still won 19 million votes without garnering
one electoral vote. He worries about how swayable hereditary voters would be for an independent. In 2011, Bloomberg
told me only half facetiously, Fifteen percent of the Republicans would vote for Leon Trotsky if he were their partys
nominee, while 15% of the Democrats would vote for Ayn
Rand if she was their partys choice. But this years elections
are extraordinarily volatile. With a large number of independent voters looking for winners, and party loyalties fraying on

NET
WORTH
How
Bloombergs
personal
wealth stacks
up against
that of the
two leading
candidates
from each
party
Bloomberg
$35.5 billion
Trump
$4.5 billion
Clinton
$45 million
Cruz
$3.5 million
Sanders
$700,000

E S T I M AT E S
ACCORDING TO
FORBES

everything from privacy protections to

criminal-justice reform and health care,
all bets are of.
THE BIGGEST VARIABLE Bloomberg
faces is whether the two parties will
nominate candidates he considers to be
polarizing igures representing the extremes of each party: Donald Trump
or worse, Ted Cruzand Senator Bernie Sanders. And he is thinking that a
robust three-way race could give him
pluralities of popular votes (under a
winner-takes-all system) in enough
states to give him the 270 or more electoral votes needed to win.
The two parties could not keep
Bloomberg out of the presidential debates since he would meet their arbitrary criterion of registering 15% or
more in the polls. In theory, he could
start getting on all state ballots if he announces by early March, according to
Richard Winger of Ballot Access News.
But will we know by the end of
March who the likeliest nominees are?
For Bloomberg, since he is not satisied
with merely broadening the content and
horizons of the 2016 presidential campaign, that may be the decisive variable
for his decision. With his billion-dollar
budget at the ready, he wants to become
the known centrist candidate who can
get results from legislators of both parties and does not scare the presently terriied party establishments.
I dont believe in blanket endorsements. And viewing independent candidates as spoilers is to use a politically
bigoted word, as if such challengers are
second-class citizens. Everybody has a
First Amendment right to run for oice.
But if successful, Bloomberg would
be the irst independent presidential candidate ever to win the White
House. Agree with his candidacy or
not, that prospect alone could unleash
forces, down to local elections, for a
much needed competitive democracy.
Nader is the author of Unstoppable and
a four-time presidential candidate
27

The Life of David Bowie

Artist, Musician and Innovator

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YOUR COPY IN
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Iconic photography from throughout his entire life
Ten essential songs to consider for the ultimate Bowie Playlist
2016 Time Inc. Books. TIME is a registered trademark of Time Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries

IN THE ARENA

Rush. Trump. Cruz. Fox News.

Can the Republican Party
avoid a crack-up?
By Joe Klein

T R U M P, L I M B A U G H : G E T T Y I M A G E S

A WEEK BEFORE THE IOWA CAUCUSES, I DROVE THROUGH

rolling, snow-frosted ields east of Des Moines, moving from
Marco Rubio to Ted Cruz campaign rallies, listening to Rush
Limbaughan old Iowa tradition of minewho was falling
apart. El Rushbo sounded as blustery and brilliant as ever
to the untrained ear, but he was tiptoeing around Donald
Trump, asking rhetorical questions rather than deploying his
usual slam-bang apocalyptic barrage. Limbaugh had been a
Trump enabler for monthsfor years, in a metaphoric sense,
given his stoking of his listeners self-indulgent angerbut
now Trump had jumped the shark. The Donald had said that
he could work with Harry Reid and Nancy Pelosi. Was that a
good thing? Limbaugh pleaded with callers. Wasnt that what
the Republican establishment had been doing all along? And
then he talked about a long lunch hed had with Ted Cruz, and
how Cruz was all about uniting conservatives.
Cra-ack. A segment of the foundation supporting Donald
Trumps candidacy seemed to be issuring. Limbaughs petite
semidefection was part of a general rush to the exits by movement conservatives who had realized their party was being
hijacked. Just as revealing was the roster of Washington types
who said they would rather see Trump as the nominee than
the corrosive CruzBob Dole, Senator Orrin Hatch, the quiet
legion of lawyer-lobbyists who had spent decades sneaking
goodies for corporations into the labby folds of our regulatory legislation. Cruz, who is somewhere to the right of Caligula, was a sly libertarian, campaigning throughout Iowa while
opposed to the states lucrative ethanol boondoggle. That was
his real threat to the GOP establishment: he was a missile
pointed directly at their tax breaks.
At least Trump, the nihilist, narcissist, protofascist, was a
man they could deal with. There was that word again: deal.
Limbaugh repeated it over and over, mesmerized by his sudden discovery of the heart of the matter. There were believers
and there were dealmakers. His listeners were believers. And
then, as he was speaking, word came that Trump might be
dumping the Fox News debate. Limbaugh laughed. This had
to be a ploy. Trump couldnt be serious . . . although Rush defended it the next day.
AS LIMBAUGH WAS PONDERING THIS, I arrived in Ottumwa
for the Cruz rally. In a Trumpless world, I realized, the Republican race would have been a fascinating thing, probably
involving the two young Cuban-American Senators. It might
even have involved a debate of real substance about really important things. Cruz favors a lat tax with a levy on business
sales; Rubio favors a simpler version of the current graduated
income tax system. Rubio is an aggressive neoconservative
on foreign policy; Cruz is more cautious, wary of attempting
regime change in the Middle East, but he camoulages that

WIDENING
RIFT

Trump said
on MSNBC:
Cruz is a guy
that nobody
likes . ..
Ive always
had a good
relationship
with [House
minority
leader] Nancy
Pelosi. Ive
never had a
problem.

Limbaugh
responded:
Here comes
Trump
bragging on
MSNBC, I
will work with
Democrats,
touting his
friendships
with Democrat
leaders in the
House and
the Senate.
Maybe he
thinks hes
already got
the primaries
wrapped up.

caution with incendiary rhetoric about

carpet bombing and ripping up the Iran
deal. Both are superior on the stump, effortlessly eloquent. Cruz has an ironic
edge; Rubio is more substantive.
Earlier, at the Rubio rally, I met
George and Kathie Held, moderate Republicans who were attracted to Rubio
but were undecided. Rubio may be the
best to face Hillary Clinton, said Kathie, who works at the local Head Start
program in Marshalltown. But we may
vote for Cruz because he has a better
chance to stop Trump and thats the
most important thing.
AHH, TRUMP. There is a British expression that comes to mind: he is playing silly buggers with us, taking us
for fools. He has been all along. There
was all sorts of speculation about why
he would drop out of the Fox debate.
He would dominate the news for days
with his deiance, shutting out his opponents. He might even get Foxs Roger
Ailes to make a concessionire the
aide who sent out a nasty press release
about Trumpbut, knowing Ailes, I igured that was as likely as Mexico paying
for the wall. Certainly, the substance of
debates was a risk for Trump and this
was a way to avoid a big oneone in
which he might inally have been the
target of his opponents.
His ploy did spotlight another difference between Mondo Trump and the
GOP. In his mind, this was about money
and ratings: he would hit Fox where it
lived. In the perennially bellicose Republican mindas expressed by talk
radio and Fox NewsTrump was unilaterally disarming, exposing himself as
a coward in their battle against the great
illusory American slide.
A few days earlier, Trump had said
that he was so popular he could shoot
someone in the middle of the street and
keep his voters. He has now tested that
principle: he has shot himself in the gut.
Well see what happens.

31

APPRENTIC
JOHN FISHER, 22, SANDERS SUPPORTER
Theres a ire under our ass. Everyone is tired of politics as usual.
Everyone is frustrated with income inequality, besides those that are at
the top. We were told since we were in kindergarten that we could do
anything. I dont think thats true.

32

TIME February 8, 2016

CE VOTERS
ENERGIZED BY TRUMP AND SANDERS, FED-UP
CITIZENS ARE POISED TO RESHAPE U.S. POLITICS
BY PHILIP ELLIOTT PHOTOGRAPHS BY BENJAMIN RASMUSSEN FOR TIME

NICK MCNAMARA, 31, TRUMP SUPPORTER

Im a college graduate. Thats an investment I made to make a good
future for myself. But the playing ield Im in right now feels like, What
am I supposed to do? Were becoming weakened in the face of the
world. Were not the global superpower that we used to be.

33

CAMPAIGN

2016

RIC MOORMAN IS THE KIND OF VOTER

Donald Trump predicted would be drawn
to his unorthodox campaign for the White
Housethe kind who didnt care for politics until
now. The 56-year-old Iowa resident says he has
never attended a political rally before, let alone a
Republican presidential caucus on a frigid February night. But here Moorman stood in the cold
outside a college auditorium, wearing a yellow
Trump hat. I dont think we can go to another
presidency just business as usual, he said. The
American Dream is dying. After nine months of
candidate sniping, record audiences for debates
and $152 million in television ads, the beginning
is coming to an end. And the question that keeps
handicappers guessing is not what the latest polls
saythere are consistent dead heats in Iowa between irst and second place in both partiesbut
rather who will show up. If a wave of political newbies like Moorman comes in from the cold, both
the Republican and Democratic parties are in for a
very long, and very frustrating, campaign.
The credit for thator, depending on your viewpoint, the blamegoes to Trump and Bernie Sanders, and Iowa is just the irst test for gauging their
real appeal. From opposite ends of the spectrum,
both have promised to remake the nation with a
populist revolution. You could call their supporters
the Apprentice Voters: the fed-up, the tuned-out,
the frustrated lock who want their elected leaders
to feel their pain, relect their fury and actually do
something about it. They were more likely to watch
Trump host The Apprentice than to attend one of
his rallies last year. But not anymore.
At more than 100 events TIME has attended
over the past year, there is plenty of evidence that
this difuse tribe of political neophytes not only exists but is growing. Its numbers are hard to measure,
and its commitment is anything but certain. In interviews, voters conide that they are novices at politics, only to make clear that they are hardly naive.
Some are driven by anger and pride, or frustration
and fear that are new to them. Most will say that
the system is rigged against them, that the wealthy
are winning while the middle class falters, and that
they are worried about the lives and fortunes of
their children. They are steered neither by party nor
by ideological strain, and they are moved by the certainty of men like Sanders and Trump. If you have
an excited Democratic base and independents who
are saying, You know what, its time for real change
in this country, it is time for a political revolution,
then we win, Sanders tells TIME. Says Trump, in
a USA Today op-ed: My whole campaign has been
focused on expanding the number of people who
want to, and will, participate in this election cycle.
Apprentice Voters dont it any mold or model.
Mike Wiseman, a 42-year-old supply manager

34

TIME February 8, 2016

My whole
campaign has
been focused
on expanding
the number
ofpeople
whowill
participate in
this election
cycle.
Donald Trump

64%
Percentage of
Republicans and
Republican-leaning
independents
nationwide who
expect Trump to
be the partys
nominee

If you have
anexcited
Democratic
base and
independents
who are
saying, It is
time for a
political
revolution,
then we win.
Bernie Sanders

54%
Percentage of
Democraticleaning young
adults
nationwide who
say they support
Sanders

A B C N E W S/ W A S H I N G T O N P O S T
POLL

who attended Trumps rally in Muscatine, Iowa,

inds himself conlicted about Trump and Sanders, polar opposites on a political spectrum. Ive
got a weird mix going on, Wiseman said after
hearing Trumps pitch to build a wall along the
U.S.-Mexico border and to stop the immigration of all Muslims. Laurie Frantz, a 46-year-old
nurse from Muscatine, attended the same Trump
rally but inds things to like about both the New
York developer and the Vermont socialist. Everyone should have free health care and free
college, she said, nodding to central planks of
Sanders campaign.
This switch-hitting has caused all kinds of
chaos in New Hampshire, where voters will cast
ballots on Feb. 9. There too the normal alignments have been stirred and shaken: a voter arrived one early-January evening at a rally for Republican Marco Rubio in Hampton, N.H., still
sporting a button from a Sanders event earlier in
the day. A few days later, a lifelong Democrat who
is a social worker in Freedom, N.H., confessed
to attending Ted Cruz and Rand Paul rallies. Another voter talked about how he is torn between
retired neurosurgeon Ben Carson, a conservative
Republican who promises to privatize Medicare,
and Sanders. If previous elections are a guide,
roughly a ifth of New Hampshire voters will
make up their minds the day of the primary, suggesting that polls and predictions are pointless.
The free-loating hopes and fears of Apprentice Voters have confounded the political pros for
months. Long lists of Establishment allies no longer matter to most campaigns, and deep-pocketed
donors cant overpower newcomers who ask for
$5 at a time online. As both Trump and Sanders
draw vast crowds, far larger than those of any other
candidate, the chances of an expanded electorate
grow. And with it, the odds of a voter revolt rise.
THE MAGIC NUMBER for Republican and Democratic hopefuls in Iowa is 140,000. Thats the expected turnout for each party on caucus night,
Feb. 1. If the combined turnout exceeds that, the
outsiders chances of victory will rise. Part of the
outsiders clout comes from the tiny size of the
two early states. Of Iowas more than 2 million registered voters, only about 20% typically take the
trouble to trudge through the snow and sleet to
make their preferences known. As democratic exercises go, Iowa is very self-selecting. One caucus
skeptic puts it this way: If the Iowa electorate were
Fenway Park and only caucusgoers showed up, all
but the center-ield bleachers would be empty.
In New Hampshire, the numbers are much
the same. In a state of 1.3 million people, only
about 500,000 turn out for presidential primaries in exciting years. That favors a candidate who

SHARRON MARTIN, 74, TRUMP SUPPORTER

Its going downhill. Its going right into the garbage. We keep
dragging these people in. What were working for, theyre getting for
free. ISIS might be smarter than we are. They can do whatever they
want to in here. They could be right out here in the parking lot.

JESSICA BOYD, 20, SANDERS SUPPORTER

The kids that are born into the powerful families of this
country are automatically told theyll be successful. If its
not ixed, the United States is going to go into a collapse.
Were on the road to becoming an oligarchy.

SARAH WELTER, 22, SANDERS SUPPORTER

We work for the 1%. We provide for their wealth. I have two
jobs. I had todrop out of college because it was too much.
I still struggle inancially to get by. Somebody who works 40
hours or more a week should not live in poverty again.

ROB MCNAMARA, 28, TRUMP SUPPORTER

Weve got an estimated $21 trillion debt. We lose on education,
trade, Medicare. On so many levels, its all negative. Were on a bad
glide path right now, and it needs to be changed. We need to be
hitting on all cylinders. And Trumps vision is to bring it back.

35

CAMPAIGN

2016

generates the most sizzle, but it hardly guarantees a win. In New

Hampshire, the largest group of voters are independents, who
can choose to vote in either party primary.
All this helps explain why even polls that are consistent have
been so wrong in the past. This year, the same polls that show
Cruz and Trump essentially tied in Iowa also show that Trump
has more irst-time voters, which could be either a weakness
or a strength. Similarly, Sanders almost ties Hillary Clinton in
Iowa but trails her badly among those who have caucused before. Iowa vets say having squadrons of repeat caucusgoers
behind you is the closest a candidate can get to a certain win,
except, of course, when it isnt. It is little wonder the Clintons
always hated this state and its quirks.
Bringing on a whole new group of voters, whether it be the
Apprentice Voter or independent voters in a Democratic caucus,
doesnt happen by accident, warns Mitch Stewart, the Barack
Obama adviser who helped design the strategy that clobbered
Clinton eight years ago. Sanders is starting to heed some of that
caution, telling reporters he doubts he can conjure Obamas
2008 magic. Do I think that in this campaign that were going to
match that? I would love to see us do that. I hope we do, Sanders said outside a union hall. But frankly, I dont think we will.
Trump, of course, shows no sign of doubt.
Democrats historically are more comfortable with underdogs turning the caucuses upside down. Jimmy Carter did it
in 1976, and Obama followed that route in 2008. But Republicans are typically unaccustomed to rooting for large turnouts
and as a result are a little allergic to outsiders. Trump is betting his deep support among caucus newcomers will carry him
to victory. But the GOP race typically rewards the best organized, and that should spell hope for Ted Cruz, who is running
a textbook campaign to get every evangelical voter to the caucus. Cruz is leaning heavily on his faith, trying to mirror Mike
Huckabees winning 2008 strategy, which turned out 40,000
votes. Jeb Bushs campaign, meanwhile, is shooting for a little
short of 24,000 votes out of 128,472 caucusgoers, according
to a curiously speciic campaign memo. Strategists from rival
campaigns say Trumps operation in Iowa is held together with
twine and will not be able to get enough people out of their
homes and into church basements and school gymnasiums to
win. But in reality, no one can predict anything with any certainty. Who knows who will show up? said a strategist with
deep Iowa experience. Every four years we say were going to
break records. And then we dont.
And thats because we are talking about a system that is intentionally unpredictable. At almost 1,700 church basements, high
school gyms and even some private homes, Iowans cluster around
the cofeepots and talk politics. Campaign volunteers and aides
coax those who arrive undecided and cajole those who dont share
their views. Its harrowing for Iowansespecially irst-timers
for the caucuseswho stand up in front of friends, neighbors
and complete strangers and publicly declare their allegiances. To
explain their preferences. To align with candidates who might
never become nominees. To come in second when the votes are
counted. These nights in Iowa are tests of faithfaith that is not
in short supply in Des Moines, Muscatine and Mason City. With
reporting by ZEKE J. MILLER/AMES, SAM FRIZELL/MUSCATINE
and MICHAEL SCHERER/WASHINGTON

36

TIME February 8, 2016

ORVILLE MOORE, 57, TRUMP SUPPORTER

We need to screen the refugees and stop them for now
until we igure out who they are. They say they want to
come to America for freedom and opportunity, but it doesnt
seem like they want to conform to our way of life.

BARBARA POSTEMA, 61, SANDERS SUPPORTER

Im a grandma, and Im doing this for my babies. I cant just
sit on the sidelines and watch this happen. Bernie gives me the
courage to do that. When I see him standing up there, taking on
all that hes taking, it gives me the courage to take that on too.

JEAN WEBBER, 69, UNDECIDED

Were borrowing too much money, and were spending too
much money overseas. We need to help our own people.
We have veterans on the street. We need to bring back our
religious freedoms and have prayer in schools again.

37

THE NEW RULES

OF THE HEART
WHEN IT COMES TO PROTECTING YOUR MOST CRITICAL ORGAN,
NEW SCIENCE IS MAKING OLD ADVICE OBSOLETE
BY ALICE PARK AND JEFFREY KLUGER

IF YOU WANT TO SLEEP AT

night, it doesnt pay to think
too hard about the human
heart. Its a muscle, nothing more, nothing less, but
its a muscle like no other. It
started beating roughly four
weeks after you were conceived, and it will continue
beating, a bit more than once
every second, for your entire
life. When it stops, you die.
As simple as that.
Its the centrality of that
muscleits place in the
middle of our bodies and its
primal role in keeping things
runningthat has imbued
it with so much romance
and meaning. Theres a reason we dont decorate our
Valentines Day cards with
little kidneys. And yet treasure our hearts though we
do, were not taking terribly
good care of them.
An estimated 610,000
Americans will die of cardiovascular disease this year. Its
the No. 1 killer of both men
and women and the cause of
1 in 4 deaths overall. Thats
true in the U.S., and its in-

creasingly true all around the

world, even in a time when
we know more than ever before about how to keep our
hearts well.
The rates of cardiovascular death are down
way down, depending on
when you start measuring.
The risk of dying of heart
disease dropped 67.5% from
1969 to 2013, thanks to better detection, lifesaving
drugs and lifestyle interventions, like changes to what
people eat and how much of
it, how much they exercise
and how little they smoke.
Some health experts have
claimed that America is winning the war on heart disease, but 610,000 deaths are
still 610,000 deaths. And
even people who follow the
rules and try to meet the
right benchmarks can still
ind themselves in a world of
cardiac hurt one day.

One reason: those hearthealthy benchmarks (and

the advice they inform) can
be, well, wrongor at least
based on outdated science. Is
the familiar 120/80 still the
target for healthy blood pressure? Is low-fat dairy still the
right choice for your morning yogurt or latte? Even the
simple dietary arithmetic of
calories in and calories out
for weight lossdoes that
thinking still hold?
The science has changed.
That doesnt mean its ickle;
it means its getting better. It
also means the advice issued
by many well-meaning physicians may be diferent now
from what it was when you
irst absorbed it. And in the
case of cardiac disease, those
changes can spell the diference between life and death.
Here are some of the
most important ways the old
thinking has been upended
by new scienceand what
they can mean for you and
the health of your heart.

ILLUSTR ATIONS BY GOR AN FACTORY FOR TIME

CHOLESTEROL
OLD THINKING: Focus on lowering
bad LDL cholesterol

NEW SCIENCE: There are actually

different kinds of LDLand raising
good HDL levels may be even more
important
Ever since scientists learned in
the 1970s that cholesterol could
stick to cells, build up in arteries
and contribute to heart disease,
the logical thing to do was to send
cholesterol-laden foods to the do-noteat list.
But it was premature to damn
cholesterol altogether. After all, even
though experts believed it to be
unhealthy, they had little information
on how much of it in a diet would
harm the heart. When I was in
medical school several decades ago,
normal cholesterol was anything
under 300 mg/dL, says Dr. Steven
Nissen, chair of cardiovascular
medicine at Cleveland Clinic. Then,
for a while, under 240 was normal.
The target then dropped to under
100. Confusing things further, the
latest 2015 Dietary Guidelines for
Americans, issued by the federal
government, doesnt note a dietary
upper limit at all.
The inability to pinpoint a healthy
range for cholesterolparticularly
cholesterol in the diet, where it is
present in healthy foods like eggs,
yolks and all, and protein-rich foods
like shrimpwas only part of the
problem. Scientists have since
learned that there are bad and worse
forms of LDL. One comes from fat in
the diet and appears less harmful.
Another tends to form when LDL
attaches to certain fats that are
produced when reined carbohydrates
break down. Too much of the carbfueled cholesterol can spell trouble
for the heartbut Americans arent
being told to reduce carbs enough.
Experts are getting more
sophisticated about the different
forms cholesterol takes. They also
know that LDL has a better half: HDL.
Studies show HDL can neutralize
some of the harmful effects of LDL.
Now nearly all heart experts agree
that boosting HDL is beneicial to
heart health. The most reliable ways
to do that? Exercise, dont smoke,
and reduce body fat.

40

TIME February 8, 2016

DIETARY FAT
OLD THINKING: All saturated fat is bad
and should be seriously limited

NEW SCIENCE: Its complicated

but trans fats are the worst for your heart

IT COULDNT HAVE BEEN EASY BEING A

hunter-gatherer, but the food choices
were simple: more was better than less,
now was better than later, and fat was a
very good thing. Now we know better.
There are several kinds of fats, not all are
good, and the saturated kindthe kind in
red meat and cheese and coconut oilis
the one thats the worst.
Except it isnt. In recent years, evidence has continued to mount that saturated fats arent quite as bad for us as they
once seemed to be. Full-fat dairy has a
place in a healthy diet, science has shown,
as do modest amounts of red meat. And
in moderation, both appear to be better
than the reined carbohydrates that illed
the American diet when the low-fat message took hold.
Trans fats, on the other handwhich
are present in an estimated 27% of processed foods, even the low-fat kindraise
LDL and lower HDL, making them particularly damaging to the heart. The risk

is so real that the FDA has taken the rare

step of banning them from the U.S. food
supply, giving manufacturers three years
to clear them from supermarket shelves.
With trans fats, in other words, theres no
nuance. Theyre just plain bad.
It doesnt matter what we compare
trans fats tosaturated fats, good fats,
says Russell de Souza, an assistant professor and registered dietitian at Ontarios
McMaster University. Theyre harmful,
and theyre worse for you than any other
type of fat.
Ironically, it was the scare over saturated fat, which took hold in the 1980s,
that got food manufacturers trying to create a replacement, which they did by adding hydrogen to oils. (The term partially
hydrogenated oil on a food label is the red
lag for trans fats.) Its not going to be easy
to get trans fats out of the food supply,
and even foods labeled zero trans fats can
contain up to 0.5 grams per serving.
That means, for now, it pays to avoid
products that are likely to contain them
including store-bought cakes and cookies, chips and even some processed
breads and crackers. After that, say goodbye for good. Trans fats are one thing that
are never likely to come around again.

BLOOD PRESSURE

DAILY ASPIRIN

OLD THINKING: The 120/80 ratio

signals healthy blood pressure and a
healthy heart

OLD THINKING: Take a baby aspirin a day

NEW SCIENCE: Your blood

to prevent a heart attack

NEW SCIENCE: If you havent already had

a heart attack, the pill is not advised

pressure may need to drop even lower

For decades, doctors treated
120/80 as the holy grail of heart
health, urging everyone to keep
their blood pressure (BP) at that
level to avoid heart attacks and
strokes. In recent years, they have
even incorporated more wiggle
room around the 120/80 goal,
loosening their advice and letting
older peoplewhose blood pressure
creeps up naturally with ageto hit
140/90.
But according to the latest
science, that could be a bad idea. In
the most recent and largest study on
the subject, called SPRINT, scientists
showed that to protect the heart,
people may need to get their systolic
pressurethe top numberto
below 120.
In the study, people who took
blood-pressure-lowering drugs to
bring their BP to below 120 were
less likely to die from any cause than
those who dropped their pressure
only to under 140. The results were
so dramatic that the researchers
stopped the trial early so those in the
higher-blood-pressure group could
start working with their doctors to
bring their BP lower.
It was the irst head-to-head
comparison of how people at
the different targets fared, and it
challenged decades-old thinking that
as they aged, people needed to have
higher blood pressure to keep blood
lowing to the brain. Its increasingly
clear that high blood pressure strains
blood vesselsand that wear and
tear can attract plaque-forming
agents from the immune system that
eventually block blood low.
With the landmark SPRINT study,
all the people were at higher risk
of developing hypertension, and all
used medicationsup to six in some
casesto bring their numbers down.
Major public-health groups are now
discussing whether taking so many
drugs is a realistic and safe strategy
as they weigh new guidelines for
blood-pressure control that are
expected later in 2016.
In the meantime, some doctors
say drugs arent the only way to
manage blood pressure. Exercising
and eating a low-salt diet, as well as
controlling stress, can also maintain
a healthy BP.

SIMPLE AND AFFORDABLE, ASPIRIN HAS

long been the unglamorous workhorse
of medicine, relieving pain and reducing
fever for thousands of years. But in the
1990s, aspirin became a hot drug, with
experts concluding its anti-inlammatory
powersand its ability to thin blood and
prevent clotsmight make it an efective
daily therapy to prevent heart attacks and
strokes in otherwise healthy people.
Before long, aspirin was recommended for people whod had a heart attack or stroke, as well as for those who
hadnt, particularly if they were at risk for
heart disease. An immediate aspirin was
also recommended for people sufering
symptoms of a heart attack.
More recently, however, the FDA, reacting to mounting evidence, changed its
guidelines. Aspirin is still recommended
by many doctors for acute symptoms, like
severe chest pain, and for people who
have already had a heart attack or stroke.
But for those who havent, science isnt

on aspirins side.
Thats because it can cause bleeding
in the stomach and brain. Its not common. The risk is not as much as 1% or
even 0.1%, according to Dr. Robert Temple, the FDAs deputy director for clinical
sciencebut it exists. We think the use
of aspirin has a detectable efect in raising
the risk of stroke, Temple says.
A 2014 study followed more than
14,000 people. None had had a heart attack, but all had some risk factors. Half
took a daily aspirin, and half didnt. In the
course of two years, 58 of the aspirin takers died of a heart attack, compared with
57 in the other group. In statistical terms,
thats no diference at all. We concluded
that the evidence wasnt there that aspirin works as a primary preventive, says
Temple. This may not do much to change
the thinking of people who take an aspirin
a day no matter what, on the theory that
it couldnt hurt. But the studies of related
bleeding have shown aspirin can hurt.
The guidelines are by no means inal.
The American Heart Association still
recommends that high-risk people take
a daily low-dose aspirin. The FDA also
stresses that people should talk to their
doctor since no two patientsand no two
heartsare exactly the same.

1980S
When doctors endorsed
a daily aspirin for
healthy people

81 MG
The dose now approved
only for people whove
already had a heart attack

41

SUGAR
It is more likely to be stored
as fat than other foods

CHOLESTEROL
DRUGS
OLD THINKING: People with high
cholesterol should likely be taking a
statin
NEW SCIENCE: Some people may
need a different drug altogetheror
none at all

SOME FATS
Since they make you
feel fuller, they can help
you eat less

WEIGHT LOSS
OLD THINKING: Burn more calories than
you take in if you want to lose weight

NEW SCIENCE: Its not just how many but

where they come from that matters

HERES SOMETHING THAT ISNT NEWS:

excess weight puts a burden on the heart,
driving blood pressure up and weakening
blood vessels in the process. Too much
fat, meanwhile, can launch a cascade of
biological changes, looding the body
with hormones that can increase the likelihood that a person will develop Type 2
diabetes, which is a major risk factor for
heart trouble. But its also one of the few
things within a persons power to try to
ixif given the right information about
how to go about doing it.
The decades-old mantra of watching
your calories in order to shed pounds was
based on the idea that people need to burn
of more than they eat. But new science
makes plain that that thinking was wrong.
Dr. David Ludwig, a professor of pediatrics at Boston Childrens Hospital and
Harvard Medical School and the author
of the recent diet book Always Hungry,
likes to put it this way: Calorie balance
is a useful concept if youre a toaster oven.
But the human body doesnt respond to
changes in calorie intake passively.
What that means is that all calories are
not created equal. Calories from a snack
of nuts and apple slices come with an
42

TIME February 8, 2016

entirely diferent makeup from those in

crackers and low-fat cheeseeven if the
crackers and cheese have fewer calories
overall.
There is strong evidence that when reined carbohydrates (e.g., those crackers)
enter the body, they raise insulin, and insulin serves as a hormone alarm of sorts
it prepares the body to hoard calories in
case of famine. In that crisis-like mode,
those calories are shuttled into storage
in the fat cells. That explains why practically every dieter whose strategy is simply
to eat fewer calories overall, regardless of
where those calories come from, ends up
feeling ravenous and cranky.
Ludwig is convinced that paying attention not to the number of calories
but to the kind is the answer to shedding
pounds. He recommends that in addition
to eating lots of vegetables, eating fat has
a place in the diet. When people eat this
way, they tend to burn whatever calories
they consume more eiciently. In a 2012
study by Ludwig, people ate three different diets for a month each. He found
that just by eating lighter oils and fewer
carbohydratesa typical Mediterranean
dietpeople burned the same number of
calories they would have if theyd exercised at a moderately vigorous level.
Changing the quality of what you eat
can lower your body set point, so instead
of ighting to lose weight, youre working
with your body, which is an entirely new
ball game, says Ludwig.

When statins irst appeared on

pharmacy shelves in 1987, heart
experts were so impressed with the
drugs ability to lower cholesterol that
they hailed them as wonder drugs
that might inally push heart-disease
rates down. But effective as they are,
statins arent for everyone, and high
cholesterol remains a leading cause
of heart disease.
Statins are a safe and effective
way to muscle down cholesterol for
most of the millions of Americans
who take them, but for others,
statins arent tolerable. They can
cause side effects, including severe
muscle weakness, which can lead
some people to stop taking their
prescriptions.
Scientists are also learning that
not everyone who qualiies for a statin
needs one. A recent study found that
30% of people with high numbers may
not actually have fatty cholesterol
gumming up their arteries. Thats why
some doctors want to incorporate a
special scan that can help select out
people who have plaques that could
pose a problem from those who dont.
Finally, for some people, the pills
just arent enough. For them, theres
a new class of drugs, called PCSK9
inhibitors. Two such drugs were
approved in 2015, and studies so far
suggest they can lower LDL levels by
as much as 60%. PCSK9 inhibitors
are so far advised only for people
who cant take statins or who have
extremely high cholesterol because of
their genesbut doctors anticipate
that more people will ask for them.
I have patients who say, Ive had a
good response to a statin, so if I took
this on top of it, I could cut my LDL in
half. Doesnt that mean good things?
And the answer is yes, says Dr. Elliott
Antman, a professor of medicine at
Brigham and Womens Hospital and
Harvard Medical School.
Most insurers wont yet cover
PCSK9 inhibitors unless patients
have an intolerance to statins or
another reason their cholesterol wont
come down. But with heart disease
continuing to claim so many lives, you
can bet that research will be starting
soon.

ah
ea
d

al
he

th
yh
ear
ts

for adve

s
e
r
u
t
n

Keep up with the life you love.

100% whole grain Quaker Oats can help reduce
cholesterol as part of a heart healthy diet.*

O R I G I NA L
PETITE

A BARBIE FOR
PHOTOGR APHS BY KENJI AOKI FOR TIME

TA L L

C U RV Y

EVERY BODY
Beauty ideals
have changed.
Can the blond icon
catch up?
By Eliana Dockterman

Barbies dress wont fit. Im sitting in a bright

pink room at Mattels headquarters in ElSegundo,
Calif., playing with a Barbie that only 20 people in
the world know exists. Her creation has been kept so
secret that the designers code-named the endeavor
Project Dawn so that even their spouses wouldnt be
tipped of to her existence.

46

TIME February 8, 2016

took months. And like me, girls will strip

curvy Barbie and try to put original Barbies clothes on her or swap the skirts of
petite and tall. Not everything will Velcro shut. Fits will be thrown, exasperated
moms will call Mattel. The company is
setting up a separate help line just to deal
with Project Dawn complaints.
But staying the course was not an option. Barbie sales plummeted 20% from
2012 to 2014 and continued to fall last
year. A line of toys designed to teach girls
to build, Lego Friends, helped boost Lego
above Mattel as the biggest toy company
in the world in 2014. Then Hasbro won
the Disney Princess business away from
Mattel, just as Elsa from the ilm Frozen
dethroned Barbie as the most popular
girls toy. The estimated revenue loss to
Mattel from Elsa and the other Disney
Princesses is $500 million.
Meanwhile, American beauty ideals have evolved: the curvaceous bodies of Kim Kardashian West, Beyonc
and Christina Hendricks have become
iconic, while millennial feminist leaders like Lena Dunham are deliberately
baring their un-Barbie-like igures onscreen, fueling a movement that promotes body acceptance. In this environment, a new generation of mothers favor
what they perceive as more-empowering
toys for their daughters. Elsa might
be just as blond and waif-thin as Barbie, but she comes with a backstory of
strength and sisterhood. The millennial mom is a small part of our consumer
base, concedes Evelyn Mazzocco, head
of the Barbie brand, but we recognize
shes the future.
THE BOARD BEHIND Mazzoccos desk
is illed with words like out of touch, materialistic, not diverse. She tacked them
up shortly after she took over Barbie in
2014, part of a massive shake-up at Mattel
during which president and COO Richard

A Barbie prototype is pieced

together at Mattels El Segundo,
Calif., headquarters
Dickson put people with creative backgrounds at the head of several brands,
hoping they would come up with moreinnovative solutions to Mattels sinking
sales. The irst thing Mazzocco did in that
role was survey Barbies haters.
I wanted to remind myself every time
I came to work about the reality of what is
going on with the brand, says Mazzocco,
who has three daughters whom she uses
as her own little focus group. Not that
she needed the reminder: she routinely
receives hate mail and even death threats
over Barbies body.
Barbie has courted controversy since
her birth. Her creator, Ruth Handler,
based Barbies body on a German doll
called Lilli, a prostitute gag gift handed

A B O V E : E M I LY S H U R F O R T I M E ; R I G H T: K E N J I A O K I F O R T I M E (2)

Like every girl who has ever played

with the most popular toy in history,
I yank her clothes of and try to put on
a new dress. Its a blue summery frock,
cinched tightly at the waist with a black
ribbon. I try to tug it over her head, but
the waistline gets stuck at her shoulders,
her blond mane peeking out from the
neckline. Try going feet irst, the lead
designer suggests, and I do. No good.
Her plump bottom gets stuck in the same
spot. Yes, plump. Barbies got a new body.
Three new bodies, actually: petite, tall
and curvy, in Mattels exhaustively debated lexicon, and beginning Jan. 28 they
will be sold alongside the original busty,
thin-waisted form on Barbie.com. Theyll
all be called Barbie, but its the curvy
onewith meat on her thighs and a protruding tummy and behindthat marks
the most startling change to the most infamous body in the world.
Its a massive risk for Mattel. Barbie
is more than just a doll. The brand does
$1 billion in sales across more than 150
countries annually, and 92% of American girls ages 3 to 12 have owned a Barbie, thanks in part to her afordable $10
price tag. Shes been the global symbol
of a certain kind of American beauty
for generations, with brand recognition thats up there with Mickey Mouse.
M.G. Lord, a Barbie biographer, once
said she was designed to teach women
whatfor better or worseis expected
of them in society.
The company hopes that the new
dolls, with their diverse body types, along
with the new skin tones and hair textures
introduced last year, will more closely relect their young owners world. But the
initiative could also backireif its not
too late altogether. Adding three new
body types now is sure to irritate someone: just picking out the terms petite, tall
and curvy, and translating them into dozens of languages without causing ofense,

85% of American girls

ages 3 to 10 currently
own at least one Barbie

OR IGIN A L V S. C URV Y
Of the three new Barbie shapes, the doll on
the right is the most radically changed
Three out of
every five
Barbies sold
have blond hair

The curvy doll

has a fuller
face than
her original
counterpart

According to
Mattel, 9 out
of 10 people
in the world
recognize
Barbie

Last year, Mattel

made dolls with
articulated
ankles so that
Barbie could
finally wear flats

The new Barbies

will have updated
looks, like this
dolls blue hair

This doll has a

slightly plumper
tummy and
backside

If Barbie were
real, estimates
say she would
be 5 ft. 9 in. and
110 lb.

Many of original
Barbies outfits
wont fit this
dolls wider hips,
thighs and calves

Two of the three

new Barbie
shapes will have
larger feet than
the original

out at bachelor parties. Her proportions

were designed accordingly. When Handler introduced Barbie (named after her
daughter Barbara) in 1959 at the New
York Toy Fair, her male competitors
laughed her out of the room: nobody,
they insisted, would want to play with a
doll with breasts.
Still, Barbies sales took of, but by
1963 women were protesting the same
body men had ridiculed. That year, a teen
Barbie was sold with a diet book that recommended simply, Dont eat. When a
Barbie with preprogrammed phrases
uttered, Math class is tough, a group
called the Barbie Liberation Organization said the doll taught girls that it was
more important to be pretty than smart.
They switched out Barbies voice box with
that of GI Joe so that the blonde cried,
Vengeance is mine, while the macho
warrior enthused, Lets plan our dream
wedding.
Mattel argues that the criticism was
misplacedthat Barbie was a businesswoman in 1963, an astronaut in 1965 and
a surgeon in 1973 when 9% of all doctors
were women. Our brand represents female empowerment, argues Dickson.
Its about choices. Barbie had careers
at a time when women were restricted to
being just housewives. Ironically, our critics are the very people who should embrace us.
Mattel has also long claimed that Barbie has no inluence on girls body image,
pointing to whisper-thin models and
even moms as the source of the dissatisfaction that too many young girls feel
about their bodies. A handful of studies,
however, suggest that Barbie does have
at least some inluence on what girls see
as the ideal body. The most compelling,
a 2006 study published in the journal
Developmental Psychology, found that
girls exposed to Barbie at a young age
expressed greater concern with being
thin, compared with those exposed to
other dolls.
But it was only when moms started
voting with their dollars that Mattel had
to reassess these criticisms. In the mid2000s Barbie faced her irst serious
competition after years of maintaining
about 90% market share of the doll sector. Bratz, the edgy, bug-eyed dolls with
their own smartphones and lip gloss,
were eating Barbies lunch in the older47

girl demographic, and Disney Princess

was chomping away at the younger-girl
demographic, explains Dickson. Barbie was having an identity crisis.
At irst, this wasnt a major problem
for Mattel. Dickson was brought in in
2000 to expand the Barbie brand from
dolls to apparel, TV shows and gaming.
Thats when Barbie got her own interactive website. (She also has her own show
that streams on Netlix.) The Barbie
brands sales went up even as the dolls
sales sank. And Mattel as a whole prospered. The company was producing the
Disney Princess dolls through a licensing
deal, and to combat the Bratz problem, it
created its own line of cutting-edge dolls,
Monster High.
But in 2012, Barbie global sales
dropped 3%. They dropped another 6%
in 2013 and 16% in 2014. And the dominance of Frozens Elsa signals more trouble ahead. Even two years after the ilms
release, the allure of Frozen hasnt abated.
At a Los Angeles Target, I locate Barbie in
the toy aisle, beaming down at me from
her dream house (pink convertible sold
separately). On the next shelf over sits
Elsa in a box that invites you to press a
button to hear her sing. I press. As the
doll begins to belt out the girl-power
anthem Let It Go, childrengirls and
boyscome running from all directions
screaming, dancing, one explaining to her
mom why they need yet another variation
of the Elsa doll in their house. I make a
hasty retreat as the mother begins to look
around for the idiot who started playing
Let It Go in the toy aisle during the holiday season.
Therein lies Barbies problem. As
much as Mattel has tried to market her as
a feminist, Barbies famous igure has always overshadowed her business outits.
At her core, shes just a body, not a character, a canvas upon which society can project its anxieties about body image. Barbie has all this baggage, says Jess Weiner,
a branding expert and consultant who has
worked with Dove, Disney and Mattel to
create empowering messaging for girls.
Her status as an empowered woman has
been lost.
WITH ALL THAT IN MIND, Kim Culmone,
head of design, posed a challenge to her
team: If you could design Barbie today,
how would you make her a relection
48

TIME February 8, 2016

BARBIES 57-YEAR
EVOLUTION
From the beginning, the 11.5
inch toy has also been a proxy
for battles over the role of
women in society

1970

1971

The National Organization for

Women stages a Womens Strike
for Equality in New York. Some
marchers carry signs reading I Am
Not a Barbie Doll.

Malibu Barbie is
introduced. Its
around this time
that Barbie
becomes a
pejorative term,
and the dumb
blonde becomes
a national joke.

1992

1994

1997

Mattel is blasted for a new

talking Barbie that utters
the phrase Math class
is tough! and offers new
dolls to those offended.
The same year, Mattel
releases Totally Hair
Barbie. This long-haired
version sets the record for
best-selling Barbie ever
with 10 million dolls sold.

Fox airs Simpsons

episode Lisa Simpson
v. Malibu Stacy,
challenging the dolls
creators to make a less
sexist doll, suggesting
Gertrude Stein.

Aqua releases the

song Barbie Girl.
Lyrics include,
Im a blond
bimbo girl, in a
fantasy world
Life in plastic,
its fantastic.
It becomes an
international
hit. Mattel
unsuccessfully
sues the group.

2014

2014

2015

The Lammily
doll, designed
by artist
Nickolay Lamm
and marketed
as an averagesize alternative
to Barbie,
calls renewed
attention
to Barbies
unrealistic
proportions.

Rival Hasbro
wins the
rightslong
held by Mattel
to produce the
lucrative line of
Disney Princess
dolls. Included
in the deal are
the Elsa and
Anna dolls from
Frozen.

Barbie
introduces
23 new dolls
with eight
different
skin tones,
14 facial
structures,
22 hairstyles,
23 hair colors
and 18 eye
colors.

The
first Barbie
went on sale for
$3. Her clothes
ranged from
$1 to $5

1956

1959

1963

Ruth Handler travels

to Europe and sees
a German doll
named Lilli who was
based on a call-girl
character. The doll
serves as inspiration
for a version aimed at
children, Barbie.

Barbie premieres at New Yorks

annual toy fair. She is the irst
three-dimensional doll with a
womans body made for children.
Creator Handler, wife of Mattels
co-founder, names the doll after
her daughter Barbara. Skeptics
say the doll will fail, but stores
sell 300,000 dolls within a year.

Mattel begins
selling Barbie
DONT T
E AT !
Baby-Sits. She
comes with a tiny
book titled How
to Lose Weight
that recommends,
Dont eat.

1973

1980

1986

1987

Surgeon
Barbie goes
on sale,
part of an
ongoing
series of
careerthemed
dolls.

Multicultural
versions of
Barbie are
introduced.
Critics
complain
that their
features are
Caucasian.

Samantha, Kirsten
and Molly, the irst
American Girl dolls,
go on sale for $68
each. The dolls all
have backstories tied
to moments in history.
The line becomes a
huge success and its
maker is bought by
Mattel in 1998.

Bard College grad

student Todd
Haynes creates the
controversial short
ilm Superstar: The
Karen Carpenter Story.
It uses Barbie dolls
to portray the singer,
who suffered from
anorexia.

2000

2004

2012

Bratz, a line of big-eyed fashion

dolls created by a former Mattel
employee, goes on sale. By
2005, it sells $2 billion worth of
dolls, taking a bite out of Barbies
market share.

Barbie and Ken,

her companion
since 1961,
break up. (They
reunite seven
years later.)

The model Valeria Lukyanova

gains notoriety as the human
Barbie for her likeness to the
doll, seemingly brought about by
cosmetic surgery. Other models
with similar looks spark talk of a
Barbie lu.

2015

2016

Curvy bodies come to the fore of

fashion and popular culture. Actor
Melissa McCarthy debuts her plussize clothing line. Meghan Trainor
sings, I wont be no stick-igure,
silicone Barbie doll, in No. 1 song
All About That Bass. Kim Kardashian
West breaks the Internet with a
magazine cover of her curvy behind.

Mattel, faced with lagging sales and

evolving cultural attitudes, says it will
remake Barbie by adding three new
versionscurvy, tall and petite
meant to address complaints about
body image. Its the irst time in Barbies
57-year history that the doll will be
available in different body types.

L I L L I D O L L : T H E S T R O N G M U S E U M , R O C H E S T E R , N E W YO R K ; H A N D L E R: C O R B I S; W O M E N S S T R I K E , K A R D A S H I A N W E S T: G E T T Y I M AG E S; S I M P S O N S: F OX ; L U K YA N OVA : C O U R T E SY VA L E R I A L U K YA N OVA ;
F R OZ E N : H A S B R O. S O U R C E S: M AT T E L , T H E N E W YO R K H I S TO R I C A L S O C I E T Y, T H E M U S E U M O F P L AY, L A M M I LY, F O R B E S . R E P O R T I N G BY M E R R I L L FA B R Y; I L L U S T R AT I O N S BY H E AT H E R J O N E S F O R T I M E

The Disney Princess doll business

that Mattel lost in 2015 was worth
about $500 million per year

50

TIME February 8, 2016

Barbie designers keep examples of

hair, face and makeup styles from the
archive in their studio
late to the game, says Mazzocco. But
changes at a huge corporation take time.
HELLO, IM A FAT PERSON, fat, fat, fat,
a 6-year-old girl giving voice for the irst
time to curvy Barbie sings in a testing
room at Mattels headquarters. Her playmates erupt in laughter.
When an adult comes into the room
and asks her if she sees a diference between the dolls bodies, she modiies her
language. This ones a little chubbier,
she says. Girls in other sessions are similarly careful about labels. Shes, well, you
know, says an 8-year-old as she uses her
hands to gesture a curvier woman. A shy
7-year-old refuses to say the word fat to
describe the doll, instead spelling it out,
F, a, t.
I dont want to hurt her feelings, she
says a little desperately.
As always, Barbie acts as a Rorschach
test for the girls who play with herand
the adults who evaluate her. Its a testament to antibullying curriculums in elementary schools that none of the girls
would use words like fat in front of an
adult, which Barbies research team says
wasnt true even three years ago. Still, the
girls learning the ways of political correct-

ness do not as wholeheartedly embrace

the new dolls as their moms.
We see it a lot. The adult leaves the
room and they undress the curvy Barbie
and snicker a little bit, says Tania Missad,
who runs the research team for Mattels
girls portfolio. For me, its these moments where it just really sets in how important it is we do this. Over time I would
love it if a girl wouldnt snicker and just
think of it as another beautiful doll.
Its a sign that even kids as young
as 6 or 7 are already conditioned for a
particular silhouette in their dolls, and
it highlights Mattels challenge. Mazzocco relects on her experience with
her daughters (two Barbie fans, one not)
when she talks about the diversity imperative at the brand. I do all kinds of
things for my kids that they dont like or
understand, from telling them to do their
homework to eating their vegetables,
she says. This is very similar. Its my responsibility to make sure that they have
inclusivity in their lives even if it doesnt
register for them.
Many of the mothers in the four focus
groups that Mattel allows me to observe
agree with the direction Mattel is taking.
And they are, after all, the ones who buy
the dolls. Though young moms might be
the most vocal on social media when it
comes to Barbies body, Mattels extensive surveys show that moms across the
country care about diversity in terms of
color and body, regardless of age, race or

E M I LY S H U R F O R T I M E

of the times? Out of that came changing Barbies face to have less makeup
and look younger, giving her articulated
ankles so she could wear lats as well as
heels, giving her new skin tones to add
diversity and then of course changing the
body. While curvy Barbies hips, thighs
and calves are visibly larger than before,
from the waist up she is less Jessica Rabbit than she is pear-shaped. Mattel refuses to discuss the actual proportions
of the new dolls or how it came to decide
on them.
Whats clear in listening to the team
discuss the project is that every step was
taken on tiptoe. Its a personal issue because almost every woman has owned a
Barbie, and every woman has some relationship with or opinion about Barbie,
says Culmone. During one meeting, designers, marketers and researchers ixated
on the shoe problem. There will now be
two Barbie shoe sizes, one for curvy and
tall and another for original and petite.
We cant label them 1, 2, because someone will read into that as saying ones better than the other, Barbie designer and
former Project Runway contestant Robert
Best explains. Plus, we have to put the
Barbie branding on every single object,
and the shoes are so tiny. They inally
land on a B for one shoe size and Barbies
face on the other. Moms will have to puzzle out which is which when they ind a
miniature stiletto jammed between their
couch cushions.
Indeed, the additional bodies are a logistical nightmare. Mattel will sell the
dolls exclusively on Barbie.com at irst
while it negotiates with retailers for
extra shelf space to make room for the
new bodies and their clothes alongside
the original. There are a seemingly ininite number of combinations of hair texture, hair cut and color, body type and
skin tone. And then theres the issue of
how to package the dolls. Mothers surveyed in Mattel focus groups expressed
concern over giving the new dolls to
their daughter or a friend of their daughters. What if a sensitive mom reads into
the gift of a curvy doll a comment on her
daughters weight? Mattel decided to sell
the dolls in sets to avoid this problem,
but then it had to igure out which dolls
to sell together to optimize diversity and
marketability.
Yes, some people will say we are

Barbies sales dropped

20% from 2012 to 2014
as competition heated up

socioeconomic position. (The majority of

the women in the focus groups I watched
were middle class and African American
or Hispanic.)
Shes cute thick, ofers one mom
who says she has a 19-year-old son and
two daughters, 3 and 5. I have the hardest time inding clothes that are itted and
look good. Its like if youre bigger, you
have to wear a sack. But she doesnt look
like that. A mom sporting a tattoo says
that she prefers buying My Little Pony
toys to any sort of dolls to avoid the bodyimage issue altogether, and other mothers
nod in agreement. Most say the new Barbie types would make them more likely
to buy Barbie.
Some say Mattel didnt go far enough.
I wish that she were curvier, one woman
wearing her uniform from her job at a
restaurant complains. There are shapes
that are curvier and still are beautiful.
My daughter deinitely has curves, and
I would want to give her a doll like that.
Its a start, I guess.
And despite the girls who thought the
curvy doll looked fat, most of the kids in
the groups I observe choose their favorite
doll or the doll that looks most like them
based on hair, not body shape. A curvy,
blue-haired doll that many girls dub Katy
Perry is by far the most popular. But when
asked which doll is Barbie, the girls invariably point to a blonde.
The idea that all these diferent dolls
none of whom look alikecan all be Barbie is confusing to moms too. I brought
my daughter to a Christmas-tree lighting with Santa and Barbie the other day,
says a mom in one of the focus groups.
If a black woman or a redheaded woman
or a heavyset woman had shown up, my
daughter would have been like, Wheres
Barbie? If Mattel takes away everything
that makes Barbie an icon, is she still that
icon? Companies work decades to create
the sort of brand recognition that Barbie has. When people around the world
close their eyes and think of Barbie, they
see a speciic body. If that body changes,
Barbie could lose that status. Worse still,
some customers may not like the new version. Too bad for them.
Ultimately, haters are going to hate,
Dickson says. We want to make sure the
Barbie lovers love us moreand perhaps
changing the people who are negative to
neutral. That would be nice.

VIEWPOINT

Barbies problem is far

beyond skin-deep
By Jill Filipovic
AS A GIRL, PLAYING BARBIES WITH MY SISTER WAS A FAVORITE ACTIVITY
dressing them, undressing them, popping of their heads, snickering at our
father cursing loudly as he walked barefoot in the basement across a sea of
sharp, skinny naked limbs and equally sharp, pointy naked breasts. We had
dozens of Barbies, almost all of them smooth peach plastic and blond-haired,
enormous bosoms perched atop teeny waists, toes perpetually en pointe.
The only woman I had ever seen who looked like Barbie was Vanna White on
Wheel of Fortuneanother silent blonde loating on the balls of her feet.
But the Barbie of my childhood
just got an extreme makeover. The
top-heavy blond version is now
lanked by a diverse cast of friends
also named Barbie. Theres a short
one, a tall one and one whose curves
arent only on her chest. Theres a
wider palette of skin tones, and an assortment of hairstyles and textures.
Market pressures, perhaps bending
to societal ones, have forced Mattel to
inally make Barbie look a little more
like American women. Its a feminist
victory, especially for parents who
want to allow their kids the creative
fun of playing with dolls but dont
want to send the message that looking
like Barbie is something to which girls
should aspire. For girls, the world
has been changing for the better, and
Barbie is trying to catch up. In her defense, its hard to move fast in heels.
One pointy-toed step forward,
though, is hardly a giant leap for
womankind. Barbie is a literally objectiied woman, not a superhero or
an action igure but a plastic lady notable because shes pretty. And she
remains a quintessential girls toy,
Patient Zero in the pinkiication pandemic that has infected toy stores for
two generations and now prominently
segregates girls toys (Dolls, Arts &
Crafts and Bath, Beauty & Accessories
on ToysRUs.com, for example) from
boys toys (Action Figures, Video
Games, Bikes & Ride-ons).
New Barbie is one data point in an
improving landscape for girls: Target
made strides by desegregating its toy
aisles, and as far as Disney princesses
go, Frozens Elsa is pretty progressive.

But even as the toy industry loses market share to screens, girl-centric movies may not be as girl-friendly as they
appear: according to a new study, the
females in Frozen get only 41% of the
speaking time in their own story.
When girls are trapped in the pink
boxor minimized in dialoguetheir
interests are reined in, their physical
and psychological development stymied. Yet girls are fed a steady diet of
princesses, makeup and homemaking
(Toys R Us suggests the Just Like
Home Dyson Ball vacuum cleaner as a
toy for girls ages 5 to 7).
Theres nothing wrong with caring
or cleaning; there is something wrong
with the overwhelming message that
caring and cleaning are aspirational
things for girls, often to the exclusion
of exploration and invention. Boys,
too, are getting that same memo: caring for a baby or the home is girly and,
by extension, undesirable.
The new Barbie may relect a feminist culture shift, but lets not fool ourselves into thinking more diversity
means Mattel has the best interests of
your daughter at heart. The company
was losing sales; it realizes that branding something as empowering is a
great marketing tool; and it is likely to
proit from the fact that four diferent
Barbie bodies means four times the
sets of clothing and accessories.
Barbie today may be more realistic looking than at any other point in
her 57 years. But her changes are supericial, and Mattel is still very much
thinking inside the pink box.
Filipovic is a lawyer and writer

It doesnt take a big commitment to make a big

diference. Together, with millions of other volunteers,
your time adds up and helps the Feeding America
nationwide network of food banks serve 46 million
Americans every year. Help the Feeding America
network get food in the hands of those who need
it most.
Pledge to volunteer at your local food bank.
FeedingAmerica.org/Pledge

HILLTOP HOUSES WITH A SOFTLY LIT LANTERN IN EVERY WINDOW, ENCHANTED DWELLINGS JUST RIGHT FOR NESTLING INTO. PAGE 58

Sia has written hits for Beyonc and Rihanna but hides from the spotlight in her solo career

MUSIC

On her new
album, pop
writer Sia
finds treasure
in other stars
trash

GE T T Y IMAGES

By Nolan Feeney

THERES A REASON TODAYS BIGGEST

pop stars make a ritual of promising
that their next album is the most personal yet. Intimacy is valuable currency when an artists identity and
image hinge on hired-gun hitmakers,
airbrushed photo shoots and carefully
curated social-media posts. Yet Sia
Furler, the spotlight-averse singer who
obscures her face with Cousin-Itt-byway-of-Vogue wigs during her rare live
performances, revels in just how fake
the pop machine can be on her new
album, This Is Acting, out Jan. 29.
The record is made up of songs
she wrote for the likes of Adele and
Rihanna that never made the cut. (One
tune, Bird Set Free, was actually
turned down by both of those artists.)
Accordingly, shes tried to distance
herself from the music. In interviews,

she admits to having little emotional

attachment to many of the songs and
says the lyrics are impersonal, written
from the perspective of an artist who
likely wasnt even in the room when she
came up with them. She considers her
real art to be her music videos, which
have been watched more than 1.8 billion times and often feature 13-year-old
Dance Moms star Maddie Ziegler performing eccentric choreography; writing songs is just what she does to pay
the bills.
Divorcing the work from the person behind it has been the modus operandi of the most recent chapter in
Sias career. After breaking through
in 2005 when her heartbreaking ballad Breathe Me closed out the series inale of HBOs Six Feet Under, the
now 40-year-old Australian became
53

TimeOf Reviews

54

TIME February 8, 2016

fulilling her fans appetite for

Sia, the blunt-bobbed blonde
with the big voice and the
reputation for wacky performances, shes pulled of a rare
feat: separating success from
celebrity. Sia, the human, survives by hiding in plain sight.
IF THIS IS ALL INDEED ACTing, Sia is quite good at it.
Even when shes singing
something typically out of
character for hershe promises to hypnotize the whole
room with her butt on
Sweet Design, which recalls
late-90s Destinys Child
the songs dont feel any less
personal than the ones on her
previous album, 2014s 1,000
Forms of Fear. (That record
also contained its fair share of
rejects: Sia says its two biggest hits, Chandelier and
Elastic Heart, were both
originally ofered to Katy
Perry.) In a literal sense, Sia is
also a talented imitator, incorporating other singers vocal
styles into her writing and,
inextricably, her own performances. She captures Shakiras distinctive warble on the
feverish Move Your Body
and adopts Rihannas patois
elsewhere.
Despite the albums rejection premise, none of the
songs indicate a lowering of
standards. The rejections say
less about the quality of Sias
writing than they do about
the songs it for the artists
Sia had in mind. The tropical
party starter Cheap Thrills
would have been perfect for
Rihanna, but its ground the
Barbadian singer has covered many times before and
probably isnt interested in
revisiting, judging by her recent string of dark, moody
singles. Its not hard, either,
to imagine Adele blowing
through AliveAdele actually co-wrote it with Sia before leaving it of her album

SIAS SONGS,
THEIR HITS

BEYONC
Katy Perry missed
out on Pretty Hurts,
later recorded by
Beyonc, because
she didnt see Sias
email about it

RIHANNA
Sia reportedly
wrote Diamonds,
which became an
international hit for
Rihanna in 2012, in
just 14 minutes

BRITNEY SPEARS
Sia contributed three
songs to Spears
2013 album, Britney
Jean, including the
love-triangle ballad
Perfume

25yet her cool and collected

belting, impeccable as it is,
wouldnt be as moving as Sias
raspy howling. Thats the
thing about Sia: you cant outSia her. Its often the singers
whose vocal chops dont compare (Britney Spears, Carly
Rae Jepsen) who avoid Sia
karaoke and succeed at making her work their own.
STILL, THAT DOESNT KEEP
Sia from becoming an occasional victim of her own
success. Shes been so adept
at churning out big, swooping power ballads that some
of This Is Acting feels all too
familiar. The simple metaphors she often structures
songs around (a barrage
of bullets, a relationships
burning lame) start to feel
redundant, and the hallmarks of a Sia song (sturdy
piano chords, half-mumbled
verses, rushing choruses) approach formulaic. Sia herself
has credited her success not
to the quality of her songwriting but to her curation
shes constantly writing
songs, but only the inest
fraction are ever heard by
anyone else. An album like
this is economical given her
output, but it also threatens
the supply and demand thats
worked in her favor.
It shouldnt be a surprise,
then, that the albums best
moments are those that push
its creator into new territory. Songs like Reaper,
yet another track intended
for Rihanna, which was coproduced by Kanye West,
liberate her from the tropes
of what a Sia song typically
sounds like. Here, she loats
above whirling church organs and a playful bass line,
asking Death to come back
for her on a day when shes
not having so much fun. And
for a moment, you forget its
all pretend.

B E YO N C , R I H A N N A , S P E A R S : G E T T Y I M A G E S

increasingly uncomfortable
with fame and the demands
of touring and turned to
drugs and alcohol to cope.
After plans for a suicidal
overdose were interrupted
by a chance phone call from
a friend in 2010, Sia backed
away from her solo career
and started writing for other
artists.
After spending years
crafting soulful folk-pop,
she was writing pop songs
on steroids, channeling her
struggles with addiction and
mental illnessin rare interviews, she is open about her
bipolar-disorder diagnosis
into empowerment anthems
so towering and grand that
even calling them anthems
fails to capture their scope.
In a time when many
radio singles are stitched
together by teams of songwriters, Sia became a rare
one-woman hitmaker, with
an absurdly proliic output:
legend has it she wrote the
vocal parts for Rihannas
Diamonds in 14 minutes;
Titanium, Sias collaboration with French DJ David
Guetta, took her about 40.
Sias writing success led
to another shot at a solo career, but this time she set
limits on living in the public
eye. She does minimal press
and doesnt like to be photographed. (She once posed for
the cover of Billboard with
a paper bag over her head.)
For the occasional TV performance, she has recruited stars
like Lena Dunham and Kristen Wiig to dance about while
she sings in the background.
(Recently, Ellen DeGeneres
had to assure her audience
that, yes, it really was Sia disguised in the corner.) The
elaborate staging attracted
more attention than a Sia gig
would have otherwise, but invisibility was never the goal:
abstracting herself was. By

MEMOIR

GOLDSTEIN: BASSO CANNARSA LUZ/REDUX

Found in translation
JHUMPA LAHIRI IS A MASTER OF LANGUAGE. HER FIRST
book, the short-story collection Interpreter of Maladies, won
the Pulitzer Prize in 2000. Her most recent novel, 2013s
The Lowland, was a inalist for the Man Booker Prize and
the National Book Award. Those books, like her others, were
written in English. Now Lahiri has abandoned English for
Italian. In Other Words is Lahiris tale of falling in love with
the Romance language, from her irst awestruck trip to Florence as a student to her decision to move her
family to Rome for three years so she could
immerse herself. Its no Me Talk Pretty One
Day; Lahiris account is all passion, no levity.
Shes so committed to her new tongue, in fact,
that she declined to translate it into English
after she published the book in Italy last year.
That job has gone to Ann Goldstein, a fellow
Italophile, whose translation credits include
all seven Elena Ferrante novels, a new Primo
Levi collection and an upcoming edition of The
Street Kids by Pier Paolo Pasolini. A New Yorker
editor by day, Goldstein gained a small following with the popularity of Ferrantes Neapolitan tetralogy and is lauded as part of the reason
the series has been so successful in the U.S.
Like Lahiri, Goldstein took up Italian later
in life, starting her irst class in her late 30s and
eventually becoming expert enough to translate books. I tend to be kind of literal about
translation, she told TIME in a 2015 interview.
I think its important to present the writer
as closely as possible. I [also] think it should
read like English, so its always a balancing act between the
two things.
Lahiri narrates her linguistic journey with a series of metaphors: English is a boyfriend Id tired of, someone Id left
years earlier. He no longer appeals to me, while her new vocabulary, a mishmash of vernacular and formal discourse,
makes her feel as if I were dressed in an outlandish manner,
wearing a long, elegant skirt of another era, a T-shirt, a straw
hat, and slippers. A reader might imagine a translators feeling the same anxiety about creating a text thats a mishmash
of two linguistic styles, but in Goldsteins capable hands, the
combination evokes simple sophistication.
A touchstone metaphor for Lahiri is language as infant: I
want to protect my Italian, which I hold in my arms like a newborn. I want to coddle it. It has to sleep, eat, grow. Compared
with Italian, my English is like a hairy, smelly teenager. Go
away, I want to say to it. Dont bother your little brother, hes
sleeping. Hes not a creature who can run around and play. Hes
not a carefree, strong, independent kid like you. Under Lahiri
and Goldsteins joint custody, all this caretaking leads to a quiet
coming of ageboth a liberation from the constraints of perfectionism and a meditation on new beginnings.
SARAH BEGLEY

BUSINESS

Freethinkers
play by rules

Lahiris original
Italian runs
side by side
with Goldsteins
English
translation in
this linguistic
memoir
Goldstein has
translated works by
Lahiri, Elena Ferrante,
Primo Levi and others

BACK IN 2009, NEIL BLUmenthal approached Adam

Grant, his professor at Wharton, about investing in a new
eyewear company. Grant said
no thanks. If Blumenthal and
his co-founders were truly
committed to the company,
Grant told him, they would
have dropped out of school to
work on it full time. Not only
had they stayed in school but
they also arranged backup
jobs should the company fail.
Youve likely heard of that
startup by now: Warby Parker
today is valued at more than
$1 billion.
And Grant has gone back
on his original thesis about
the risk-reward mentality. In Originals: How NonConformists Move the World,
Grant argues that we all misunderstand nonconformists.
Though we think of innovators as creative free spirits
who lout convention, the
most efective ones are actually practical, operating from
within the system to efect
change in the wider world.
Among Grants examples: the
creators of Seinfeld and Martin Luther King Jr. And their
original ideascool glasses,
clever TV shows and big
dreamsare what drive social progress for the rest of us.
EMILY ESFAHANI SMITH
55

TimeOf Television

REVIEW

Crime dramas target

American ambiguity
By Daniel DAddario

56

TIME February 8, 2016

Gooding as O.J. and Vance as Cochran lead an able ensemble

PRIME-TIME
CRIME
Connor Jessup
appears on American
Crime as a lowerclass victim of an
alleged rape; the
violator may be one
of his elite schools
basketball stars

along with its wearer, will just be torn down anew.

Some viewers might be turned of by Crime Storys focus on celebrity and its winking references
to the family of Simpsons defense attorney Robert Kardashian (Friends star David Schwimmer),
of which there are too many. The point, though,
stands: the Simpson trial was fueled by fame and,
troublingly, generated fame for those involved.
We see a similar trajectory in the Netlix sensation
Making a Murderer, in which the trial of Steven
Avery became a story with clear-cut heroes
and villains. Just substitute the purportedly
outmatched Judge Lance Ito for the supposedly evil district attorney Ken Kratz.
The Simpson trial was watched live,
daily, by a rapt nation, thanks to Itos decision to allow cameras in the courtroom.
But in todays even more saturated media
culture, who has the time to follow a trial
from beginning to end? What Making a Murderer and its counterparts in the true-crime
genreincluding HBOs The Jinx and the
irst season of the podcast Serialshare is an interest in getting the juiciest bits of otherwise obscure
murder cases out to the public in a snackable format: Making a Murderer ran for 10 episodes, Serial
Season 1 for 12 and The Jinx for an easily downed
six. But inevitably these shows are slanted simply by
the question of access. Its no slam against the Making a Murderer documentarians to suggest that their
series was colored by having no access to the prosecution. Consequently, we see the defenses side in
detail and fall in love with trending-topic Wisconsin

GOODING: F X; JESSUP: ABC

THE O.J. SIMPSON TRIAL IS STILL WITH USOR

at least thats the case argued by the new miniseries The People v. O.J. Simpson: American Crime
Story. Debuting Feb. 2, the FX drama is incisively
written toward a single conclusion: that the football stars 1995 trial for the murders of Nicole
Brown and Ron Goldman (of which he was acquitted) was the inception of our current celebritymedia complex.
This point of view has its laws. The trial was a
once-in-a-lifetime anomaly; the culture has grown
more sophisticated since the days when every
other commentator on the trial of the century
basked in instant stardom. But the players in this
drama are absolutely certain they are right, making The People v. O.J. Simpson a show utterly of this
moment.
Based on New Yorker writer Jefrey Toobins
1996 book, The Run of His Life: The People v. O.J.
Simpson, the series begins with the bodies being
discovered and winds through the next 16 months
of tabloid headlines and courtroom maneuvering.
The shows executive producer is the often gleefully campy Ryan Murphy (from whose American
Horror Story franchise the series takes its name),
but it puts on a deeply grave face about life-anddeath events and how America metabolized them.
For instance, we see O.J. (played by Cuba Gooding Jr., in his best role and best performance since his Jerry Maguire Oscar win)
weeping during the infamous Bronco chase
and gain new sympathy for himor at least
for him as he perceives himself. We also see
TV control rooms across the country put
the chase in front of a mass audience that
was ready to gorge yet still unaware of how
enormous its appetite would become.
The show is nourished by Toobins
contemporaneous reporting, which dives
deep into the supporting characters motivations. Here, defense lawyer Johnnie Cochran
(Courtney B. Vance), who became such a punch
line during the trial that he was later parodied
at length on Seinfeld, is motivated by the racism
he himself has experienced; Marcia Clark (Sarah
Paulson, a standout of the cast) is a bad prosecutor, in part because of the relentless distraction of the presss ixation on her appearance and
attitude. When she takes the medias unsolicited
advice and changes her hair, it feels like a momentary triumph, until one realizes that the new look,

DONOHUE: GE T T Y IMAGES

lawyer Dean Strang or sign a petition urging Averys

exoneration (as some 470,000 fans did).
These true-crime series ill a real need, one extant since Sophocles days: to see a story through
to the point of catharsis or, failing that, ironic tragedy. But Im more comfortable with the wider view
of The People v. O.J. Simpson, and not merely because its ictionalized (if only lightly). The degree
of access Toobin enjoyed lourishes on the screen.
Viewers may disagree with the outcome of the
trial, but theyre unlikely to go on quixotic Reddit
journeys to relitigate the case.
The breadth of The People v. O.J. Simpson is
shared by ABCs drama American Crime. Its wideranging ambition (rare for a broadcast network)
was nearly its downfall: this anthology series overcame a irst season that was TVs answer to the ilm
Crash. Depicting multiple victims and arguing that
everyone is guilty for societys ills, the show took a
moralizing tone that grew exhausting.
In its second season, American Crime is remarkably better. Its more tightly focused, on a case of
rape at an Indiana private school in which every
playervictim, victims mom, alleged perpetrator, school headmistress, bystandersgets more
than one chance to have his or her say. Its status as
a work of pure iction allows race, class and sexuality to shape the narrative in creative ways, and
the characters are more than just placeholders for
what wed like to believe about the case. They are
leshed out enough to act unpredictably, seemingly
on their own. Regina King, who won an Emmy for
the irst season, delivers another astounding performance, as a mother who is all too aware of what
lies in wait for black sons and doesnt want hers to
fall short of her dreams for him. Is she snobbish or
just strict? You choose.
There is a subtle pleasure in not knowing what
to think. But its more fun to be right. Its not surprising that American Crime, a look at one case that
prismatically shows every imaginable perspective,
is undersung and little watched, while Making a
Murderer, relying on a single perspective, thrives as
a watercooler topic.
The People v. O.J. Simpson bridges that gap.
Its so artfully reliant on multiple viewpoints that
those who believe that Simpson should have gone
to jail will get what they want. So will those who
believe he is innocent (Goodings performance
goes a long way here) or at least was rightfully acquitted. As for those uninitiated millennial viewers
tuning in to see the guy from Friends as dad to Kim
and Khlo? Theyll have to learn to live with ambiguity, an aspect of our true-crime ixation in too
short supply.
The People v. O.J. Simpson: American Crime
Story airs Tuesdays at 10 p.m. E.T. on FX; American
Crime airs Wednesdays at 10 p.m. E.T. on ABC

QUICK TALK

Kether Donohue
After wrapping Season 2 of FXXs
acclaimed raunch-com Youre the Worst,
the actor dons her Pink Lady jacket as Jan
in Foxs Grease: Live, which airs Jan. 31.
How does this production put its
spin on a musical as iconic as Grease?
The writers were very much a part of
our rehearsal process and have done
a great job. Theyd add jokes that were
speciic to Keke Palmers voice as
Marty or my voice as Jan. There are also
some jokes that are relevant to todays
generationits very hip.
Are you nervous about live TV?
Im excited! What were doing is
revolutionaryyes, theyve had live
[musical] shows on TV, but no ones
ever done it for a live [in studio] audience. The director, Thomas Kail, I
mean, he directed Hamilton! Hes a
genius, and what hes doing is really
epic. Were shooting on multiple soundstages. Normally theater is kind of
static. This is very much a 360-degree
world thats alive. Its a concert, a play
and a movie all in one.

ON MY
RADAR
SHARK TANK

My castmates
make fun of me
all the time
because Im not
joking when I
say its my
favorite show.
Im obsessed.
ELLE KING,
EXS & OHS

Her music really

gets me going.
Its one of those
songs that
comes on the
radio a lot, and I
never get sick
ofit.

Do you have any good-luck

rituals? Whats been so exciting for the cast is how much we
embrace spontaneity. Before all
the Pink Ladies are in a scene,
we make sure to be on the same
page in terms of the energy we
have as a group. Our ritual has
become bonding: something as
little as cracking up with the girls
can really go a long way.
Youre the Worst took a dark
turn last season as one
character struggled with
depression. What was it
like watching the show
reinvent itself? The older
I get, the more Im realizing
how much I want to be a part of
something meaningful. Fans of the
show started to open up to us about
their own depression and how watching the show literally helped them get
through their week. Im just honored
to be a part of that. NOLAN FEENEY
57

TimeOf Movies

TIME
PICKS

TELEVISION
Sibling producing
team Jay and Mark
Duplass bring the
animated comedy
Animals to HBO on
Feb. 5, following the
hedonistic exploits of
anthropomorphized
rats and pigeons in
New York City.

When Cranstons Li, right, meets Blacks Po, he observes, Its like looking in a fat mirror!

MUSIC
On The Ghosts of
Highway 20 (Feb. 5),
alt-country singer
Lucinda Williams
lends her gravelly
voice to songs about
a Southern road
shes traveled since
childhood.
BOOKS
In Yann Martels
The High Mountains
of Portugal (Feb. 2),
a young man, a
pathologist, a Senator
and a primate seek to
solve a mystery over
the span of a century.

It takes an adorable village to

fight evil in Kung Fu Panda3
SOMETIMES THE BEST
things in an animated picture
are found in the margins:
secondary characters, maybe
rabbits or geese, whose angled ears or googly eyes serve
as a sort of Greek chorus for
the main action; backdrops
of colorful sky rendered in
coral pinks or deep-sea blues,
streaked with ilmy clouds;
hilltop houses with a softly
lit lantern in every window,
enchanted dwellings just
right for nestling into.
Those are among the small
but potent pleasures of Kung
Fu Panda 3, which, like its
2008 and 2011 predecessors,
is a blowout of resplendent,
lustrous color. Of course, the
charm and liveliness of the
story count for something
too, and this third installment
measures up. This time, the
Dragon Warrior, a.k.a. rolypoly Po Panda (voiced by Jack
Black), squares of against
Kai (J.K. Simmons), a villain
from the spirit worldhes a

cantankerous ox with glowing green eyes, and composer

Hans Zimmer gives him a
terriic, swaggering Ennio
Morriconestyle bad-guy
theme. Kais aim is to steal
the chi, or life force, from
the most powerful kung fu
masters, which he will use to
create an invincible army of
warriors.
Meanwhile, Pos diminutive, eternally exasperated
master, Shifu (Dustin Hofman), urges his protg to
strike out on his own to develop his own powers: If
you only do what you can do,
he tells Po, you will never

Kai is a villain from

the spirit worlda
cantankerous ox
with glowing green
eyes and a terriic,
swaggering Ennio
Morriconestyle
bad-guy theme

be more than you are now.

Thats a fairly ine-grained
empowerment message, and
directors Jennifer Yuh and
Alessandro Carloni weave
it so deftly into the story
that you can fully ignore it
if youre allergic to inspirational bromides. Mostly,
Kung Fu Panda 3 is just fun.
For Po to become the
most Po can be, he reunites
with his long-lost father, Li
(Bryan Cranston), an older
but not necessarily wiser
panda with similar appetites
and enthusiasms. Together,
they return to the home Po
hasnt seen since he was a
cub, the pandas Secret Village, where he reunites with
his own kindand attempts
to train them to be a uniied,
fuzzy ighting machinebut
also learns that the families
you make are just as important as those youre born
into. And so he relies on his
friends, chief among them
Angelina Jolie Pitts magniicent martial-arts minx
Tigress: Po may be the lovable dumpling, but shes the
soy-sauce kick.
STEPHANIE ZACHAREK

K U N G F U PA N D A 3 : D R E A M W O R K S; P O R T M A N : W E I N S T E I N C O.

MOVIES
In Western drama Jane
Got a Gun (Jan. 29),
Natalie Portman plays
a gritty frontierswoman
who must defend her
outlaw husband from a
gang of bandits.

REVIEW

All trademarks are owned by Frito-Lay North America, Inc. 2016

TimeOf Movies

REVIEW

Fear and loathing overcome

fake waves in The Finest Hours
IF YOU EVER FIND YOURSELF
stranded at sea aboard an oil tanker
thats been split in two by a noreaster,
Chris Pine is the guy you want showing up in the rescue boat. Stalwart, resourceful and as lustrously handsome
as a comic-book football hero, Pine
anchors The Finest Hours, directed by
Craig Gillespie (Lars and the Real Girl),
the story of a near miraculous Coast
Guard rescue that took place just of
Cape Cod in 1952.
A vicious storm had split the
S.S. Pendleton in half like a toy: in the
bow, the captain and seven crew members died, but under the guidance of
chief engineer Raymond Sybert (played
by Casey Affleck), more than 30 crewmen managed to survive in the stern, a
ragged, crippled half-ship lurching and
listing in the perilous waters. Pine plays
coxswain Bernie Webber, stationed in
Chatham, Mass., who gathered a volunteer group of three in an impossibly small motorized wooden lifeboat
and headed out to sea in the thick of
the storm. Thanks to a combination of
perseverance, seamanship and luck
and without a compass, which broke
en routethey found the truncated

ship and saved 32 of the 33 crewmen.

The Coast Guard considers the
Pendleton rescue the most daring in its
history, and The Finest Hoursadapted
from the 2009 book of the same
name by Casey Sherman and Michael
J. Tougiasdoes its damnedest to live
up to the legend. If the efects in The
Finest Hours are intense in places, they
also lack poetry: their painstaking CGI
realism doesnt necessarily make them
more realistic, just more overwhelming.
In the end, the actors faces and voices
tell us more about the frailty of humankind than a bunch of fake waves do.
Afflecks Sybert is the seaman nobody likeshis social awkwardness is
written right into the lat tunelessness
of his voice, yet hes the one who best
understands the fragile relationship between his vessel and the threatening
seas. And if all else fails, you can rely on
Pine. Navigating that seemingly helpless little boat, squinting into the driving snow and more than once nearly
falling victim to the oceans mighty
maw, hes the movies inest special
efectnot because he plays Webber as
mindlessly brave but because he lets us
see how scared he is. S.Z

60

TIME February 8, 2016

RESTORED CLASSIC

Gilda: Ablaze
with Rita
Hayworth
CHARLES VIDORS 1946
Gilda was devised as a showcase for Rita Hayworth, she
of the russet tresses and
killer stems, whod been
working for years in Hollywood but hadnt yet become
a big name. As starmaking
vehicles go, this movie has to
be one of the weirdest: Hayworths glorious gold digger
Gilda forms the third angle
and what an angle!in a sexually heated power trio, with
Glenn Fords wayward rake
Johnny Farrell and George
Macreadys ultra-elegant
control freak Ballin Mundson in the other corners. Criterion has just released Gilda
in a beautifully restored edition (on DVD and Blu-ray),
and as ilm historian Eddie
Muller notes in one of the
supplemental features, the
movies homoerotic subtext
is so overt it isnt even subtext. This is a mercurial, fascinating ilmstill. Was
this the Mulholland Drive of
1946? Muller muses aloud.
Did people wonder what
theyd just watched? Gilda
is a movie written in riddles,
but mostly its a comet blaze
of Hayworth. Whatever we
just watched, it left smoke
and ire behind. S.Z.

P I N E : D I S N E Y; H AY W O R T H : P H O T O F E S T

If your ship is sinking, Pine, center, is the man you want the Coast Guard to send

The galaxy isnt big enough

for Hayworths vampy Gilda

TimeOf Reviews

VIDEO GAMES

A Rubiks Cube, wrapped in a

mystery, inside a video game

THEKL A INC.

By Matt Peckham
EVER PLAYED ONE OF THOSE PENCIL-AND-PAPER PUZZLES
where you have to connect all the dots with just a few lines?
The Witness, available Jan. 26 for Windows PCs and PlayStation 4 and coming to iOS devices later this year, is brimming with hundreds of similar stumpers, each displayed on
panels scattered about a beautiful, deserted and largely unexplained island. Unburdened by tutorials or story sequences,
players can explore freely from the start and tackle puzzles
in any order. Tranquil and mysterious, The Witness quickly
tunes you to the mental frequency of Zen gardeningand
then sucks you in for hours at a time.
Designer Jonathan Blow has been working on The Witness since 2008, using proceeds from his irst, much ballyhooed title, Braid. That game was an elliptical critique of side
scrollers like Super Mario Bros. Its enormous success helped
ire the indie games movement, making it inancially viable to
craft alternatives to mainstays like Call of Duty or Halo. This
game, though more ambitious, continues Blows interest in
exploring how we learn and communicate through play. That
The Witnesss setting recalls the 1993 classic Mystthe irst
truly blockbuster computer gameis no accident.
The learning is doled out parsimoniously. Players are presented with mazes, each with a clearly marked beginning and
end, through which they must trace a line. The only prohibition is that the line can never cross itself. The irst few have
obvious solutions that unlock a nearby door or activate an
adjoining panel. But these give way to hundreds morethere
are over 600 in allwith solutions that range from simple
spatial reasoning to bafflingly complex nesting rules created

My partner found
me crouched over
the loor of my
office with a pair of
scissors, a pencil
and paper, stalking
a solution

by combining logic from

puzzles found elsewhere.
The Witness teaches by
intoxicating slow drip, all
within a dreamy landscape of
crimson forests, ruined windmills and abandoned power
stations. Even if the locales
and logic are diferent, the
pattern in the players mind
is the same: with efort (and
instructive missteps), sighs
of this is impossible give
way to the nub of an idea that
eventually leads to an answer. Solving these puzzles
feels less like a ist-pumping
achievement than like contemplating lifes challenges
while skipping stones across a
pond. You may ind wisdom;
you may not.
That can be a maddening
experience. At one point, I
spent about eight hours contemplating a single puzzle
whose arcane symbols and
junctions seemed to slowly
calcify my synapses. (In the
end, I asked Blow for a hint, a
privilege most players wont
have.) At another, my partner found me crouched over
the loor of my oice with a
pair of scissors, a pencil and
paper, stalking a solution.
(She backed out of the room
silently.) The important thing
is that The Witness never asks
you to go to such lengths. The
feeling of epiphany it creates
is motivation enough.
What it all means is another matter. Blow creates
a sort of narrative through
abstract artifactsstatues of
people here and there or the
occasional diary entryand
you can sharpen the focus if
youre up for solving every
single puzzle. But in the end,
The Witnesss triumph is its
insight into human perception and how information
travels. As well as the conviction that with the right frame
of mind, any problem can be
solved.

61

TimeOf PopChart

Beloved condiment
Sriracha now comes
in single-serving
packets.

The National Zoo in

Washington released a video
of its giant panda Tian Tian
frolicking in the snow after
Winter Storm Jonas.

The NFL teamed up with the Council of Fashion

Designers of America to commission 50 footballs
from noted designers. (Theyll be sold at a charity
auction.) Among them are creations by, clockwise
from top left: Stacey Bendet, Rebecca Minkoff,
David Hart and Nicole Miller.

A 9-year-old boxer
dog in England is
gaining Internet
fame for picking up
trash and recycling
it during walks.

TIMES WEEKLY TAKE ON

LOVE IT
LEAVE IT

Hip-hop artist B.o.B, right, went on a Twitter

rant claiming the earth is flat. The upside:
Neil deGrasse Tyson promptly shut him down
with scientiic evidence before adding,

WHAT POPPED IN CULTURE

A U.K. woman
reportedly found raw
giblets in her KFC
chicken sandwich.
Sometimes, mistakes
happen, the chain
admitted in an apology
statement.

Being five
centuries
regressed in
your reasoning
doesnt mean we
allcant still like
your music.

?
James Camerons
Avatar 2, originally
scheduled for a
Christmas 2016
release, has been
delayed indefinitely.

Actor Charlotte Rampling

said the furor over the lack of
nonwhites nominated for acting
Oscars is racist to whites.

A man in Ontario received

a $110 ine for driving
a car covered in a giant
snowbank.

62

TIME February 8, 2016

Jon Hamm
revealed that
his name was
misspelled (as
John) on his Best
Actor Golden
Globe statuette.

By Nolan Feeney, Samantha Grossman and Ashley Ross

H A N D L E R , R O O S T E R , K F C B O X , H A M M , R A M P L I N G , AVATA R , B .O. B , T Y S O N : G E T T Y I M A G E S; F O O T B A L L S : N F L ; D O G : YO U T U B E ; C A R : S E R G E A N T R U S S E L L N E S B I T T O N TA R I O P R O V I N C I A L P O L I C E /A P ; PA N D A : S M I T H S O N I A N Z O O

Comedian Chelsea
Handler released
Gotta Go, a mobile app
that lets people set
up a fake phone call
or text message to
ditch an uncomfortable
situation.

THE AWESOME COLUMN

Why the candidates who

made it hard for me to
volunteer will win
By Joel Stein

I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y M A R T I N G E E F O R T I M E

EVERYONE KNOWS THAT THE KEY TO WINNING THE EARLY

primaries is organization, assuming everyone has had to sit
through the endless morning meetings at TIME. But after
hearing this for ive presidential elections, I realized that I
couldwithout expensive polls, complicated algorithms or
knowing anything about politicspredict the winners of the
New Hampshire primary.
All I had to do was anonymously call each candidates campaign oice, say I was considering coming up to New Hampshire to volunteer for the last week of January and ask about
the coolest, most interesting tasks I would get to do. The candidates who ofered the lamest jobs would clearly win, since
they were the most organized. Unfortunately, I quickly learned
that few of the candidates have staf to answer their phones.
Other reporters, facing this challenge, would give up.
I, however, asked an intern to keep calling. University of
WisconsinEau Claire senior Lauren French was a more convincing volunteer than I was, since she was young and enthusiastic and didnt giggle when pretending to want to go to
New Hampshire in January.
FRENCH AND I found that Martin OMalley will not win the
Democratic primary. Thats because his stafer ofered me free
housing and said, In the evening, youll all go out and have
some beers and have a good time. OMalley, at best, might
become president of a fraternity. Bernie Sanders and Hillary
Clinton both ofered really crappy jobs, but Clintons involved
signing in people to her event, while Sanders, who we predict will win the Democratic primary, would only let me make
calls or knock on doors, whichever you like more.
Our results deinitively show that Jim Gilmore will not win
New Hampshires Republican primary, because his stafer
asked, Im always curious, what draws you to Governor
Gilmore? This put me in an awkward position, since it
required me to know who Gilmore is. I gathered from her
question that he is or had been a governor, so I said I thought
he was experienced and trustworthy. Thats a great way to
put it, she said, before spending three minutes selling mea
guy who was acting pretty pro-Gilmore alreadyon voting
for him. Rick Santorum will also lose, since I was immediately
ofered a chance to meet him.
When I called Carly Fiorinas national oice, a woman
there told me to call the super PAC Carly for America, since
they seem to have the ground-game thing going on. Directing me to a super PAC, which has to be completely separate
from a campaign, seemed obviously illegal, but after talking to the Campaign Legal Center, I learned its totally ine.
So I called Carly for America, which did have a pretty good
ground game, in that its people ofered me transportation.
And housing. And were going to let me help with general

organizationwhich is where they blew it. If organization is the key, I should be kept away from it.
Chris Christies gang, however, really hoped I had
a car. If I did, on weekends, we have people coming
up from Jersey. We go and take them door to door. As
a person who grew up in Jersey, I feel reasonably sure
that means wed be doing something the Campaign
Legal Center would deinitely not approve of.
Before his phone cut out, Ben Carsons guy said
he was driving in Vermont getting petitions signed
to make sure his candidate got ballot access, none of
which seemed to indicate any kind of organization. Jeb
Bushs oice promised a little too much, letting me get
reactions from people at his town-hall meeting. John
Kasichs headquarters was desperately needing people. Despite over a dozen attempts by French and me
to reach their New Hampshire and national headquarters, Marco Rubio, Rand Paul and Mike Huckabee did
not have enough organization to answer their phones.
THE REPUBLICAN WINNER in New Hampshire will
be Donald Trump. Not only did he make it hard for
me to volunteerthe guy on the phone said I would
have to sign both a nondisclosure agreement and an
endorsement cardbut also, despite the fact that
I have a wimpy voice, I was told Id get to help with
security at a Trump event, which implied there were
enough people coming to need security. Id also hold
a Trump sign while waving at cars during rush hour.
When youre devoting manpower to rush hour in New
Hampshire, youre pretty much completely stafed up.
The Stein/French polling company is available
for state and local elections, at a fraction of what
other irms charge, assuming they charge a lot and
the French side accepts 20%. We are conident in our
business model, since our volunteer didnt get to do
anything but make phone calls.

63

12 Questions

Matthew Trevithick The American aid worker,

30, was recently released from Iranian detention. He
describes his 41 days in the countrys Evin Prison
Your aid logistics group is in Turkey.
Why were you in Iran? Studying Farsi
at Tehran University. I spent four years
in Afghanistan, where I got luent in
Dari, which is a dialect [of Persian].
Bad timing, eh? The nuclear deal
produced a nasty backlash from
hard-liners stalking American
infiltration. The domestic political
situation completely shifted under my
feet. I am 99% sure I was arrested to appease domestic politics. I was arrested
on my way to buy my ticket to ly home.
Were you charged? They wanted me to
go on national television and say I was
there to personally overthrow the Iranian government. I was accused of having access to bank accounts with millions of dollars in them and knowing
the locations of weapons caches placed
around the country by the CIA.
Does that count as an insight into
the hard-liner mind? They just have a
view of America that is largely disconnected from how America functions. Its
a strain of paranoia that has been living
in an echo chamber for 30 years.
Whats Evin like? Im almost sure I was
in Building 209, controlled by Revolutionary Guard intelligence. The irst
loor is oices. Then you go upstairs to
the cells. Very simple doors, very simple
locks. The guys pulling you along are
very overweight, and I realized nobody
has ever run from these guys. Where
would you go?

How did you get through 28 days in

solitary? By the end, I was doing 1,500
sit-ups and 400 push-ups a day. I told
myself, Im going to do a really long
64

TIME February 8, 2016

No contact at all with fellow

prisoners? By the bathroom, people
had scratched into the wall in Farsi,
You can get through this, Dont ever
give up, Nobody stays here forever.
Have you seen Rosewater, Jon Stewarts movie about Maziar Baharis
detention? No, but I dropped Maziar a
note. Youre blindfolded. It really is all
smell. The important people wear cologne, drench themselves in it. The more
important, the sharper the scent.
Did you know you were leaving? Two
hours before I was let out was the worst
time in the whole thing. I was brought
before a judge in a nearby building. I
have no hope. Sign here. I ask, Whats
this? He says, Bye-bye form. Im taken
back to my cell. A half hour later, they
take me into the basement. The room is

Nobody has ever

run from these guys.
Where would you go?
pitch black, a light shining directly in
my eyes. This ultra-high-end Sony video
camera appears, its operator wearing a
surgical mask. The interrogator stood
behind a white sheet. I cant tell you
how stressful this was for me. Matt, he
says, you have been here long enough.
This is your last chance.
What did you say? I stand up. Id never
done that the whole time. I tell him,
Ive said everything I have to say. Well,
Matt. Thats very bad. Youve made a
very bad decision.
Had you? Turns out the Swiss diplomats had been waiting outside. They
drove me straight to the airport, but my
ticketed light left without me and the
Iranians played games to the very end. I
call it my Argo moment.
ANDREW KATZ and KARL VICK

J AV I E R S I R V E N T F O R T I M E

Did you see Jason Rezaian, the

Washington Post reporter also being
held? No, but my interrogator brought
him up the irst day, prayer beads clicking in his hand: Matthew, do you know
who Jason Rezaian is? Of course. Well,
hes never leaving, and neither are you.

workout from breakfast until dinner,

and my being here is the second part.

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2016 Pepperidge Farm, Incorporated.

Follow the crumbs.

They will take you home.