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Mastering d- and f-block

Elements (Class XII Chemistry)

d-Block elements:

Coordination Compounds
(Chemistry Class XII)

General outer electronic configuration: (n -1)d1-10 ns1-2

Generally known as: transition elements/ transition metals

p-Block Elements (Class XII

Chemistry)

Properties

Trends

Reason

Melting and
boiling
point

First transition series are lower than those of the Occurrence of stronger metallic
heavier transition elements.
bonding (M-M bonding) in
heavier metals

Atomic and
ionic sizes

The atomic sizes of the elements of the first

transition series are smaller than those of the
corresponding heavier elements.

Increase in nuclear charge and

number of electrons.

The atomic sizes of the elements in the third

transition series are virtually the same as those
of the corresponding members in the second
transition series.

Lanthanoid contraction

No.

Class III

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Somak Chatterjee | Mar 9th, 2013 01:09pm

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d- and f-Block Elements (Chemistry Class XII)

S.

Class IV

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Ionisation
Enthalpies

The first ionisation enthalpies of the third

Poor shielding effect of 4f
transition series are higher than those of the first electrons in the third transition
and second transition series.
series

Oxidation
states

They show variable oxidation states.

Chemical
reactivity

Many of the transition metals are electropositive Presence of empty d-orbitals (as
while few are noble.
they can accept electrons)

Magnetic
properties

Some metals are paramagnetic while some are

diamagnetic. It depends on number of
electrons.

Magnetic moment increases with

increase in number of electrons

Formation
of Coloured
Ions

All metals form coloured compounds.

dd transition

Formation
Transition metals form a large number of
of Complex complex compounds
Compounds

Comparatively smaller size of

metal ions, high ionic charges
and availability of d-orbitals for
bond formation

Catalytic
Properties

Transition metals and their compounds are

known for their catalytic activity

They can lend electrons or

withdraw electrons from the
reagent, depending on the nature
of the reaction

10

Alloy
Formation

Alloys are readily formed by these metals

Similar radii

11

Formation
They form interstitial compounds with hydrogen. Hydrogen occupies interstitial
of
sites in the metal lattice without
Interstitial
changing the type of the lattice
Compounds

Participation of ns and (n-1)d

electrons in bonding

f-Block elements:
General outer electronic configuration: 4f1-146s2
Generally known as: inner transition elements
Properties

Trends

Reason

Atomic and ionic

radii

There is a gradual decrease in atomic and ionic radii of

Lanthanoids.

Lanthanoid
contraction

Oxidation states

The lanthanoids exhibit mainly +3 oxidation state.

Actinoid: These are the radioactive elements.

Revising Carbon and Its

Compounds (Science Class X)
Revising Carbon and Its
Compounds (Class X)
IMPORTANT TOPICS for
Class XII Chemistry Board
Exam: p, d and f Block
elements

Properties Trends

Reason

Atomic and There is a gradual decrease in atomic and ionic radii of

ionic radii
actinoids .

Due to actinoid contraction

Oxidation
states

There is a gradual decrease in atomic and ionic radii of

actinoids. Exhibit mainly +3 oxidation state.

5f, 6d, and 7s subshells are of

comparable energies.

Ionisation
enthalpy

Lower ionisation enthalpies

5f electrons are less effectively

shielded than 4f electrons.

Magnetic
property

Paramagnetic

Presence of unpaired electrons.

Lanthanoid Contraction: The steady decrease in the atomic and ionic radii of the transition metals as the
atomic number increases is known as lanthanoid contraction. This is because of filling of 4f orbitals before
the 5d orbitals. This contraction in size is quite regular.
Actinoid Contraction: The gradual decrease in the ionic radii with the increase in atomic no. is called
actinoid contraction. It is due to the imperfect shielding of one 5f electron by the other in the same
subshell.
Topics/ Questions that were asked previously
Variable oxidation states of transition elements (2007, 2008)
Atomic size of transition metals (2012)
Q. There is hardly any increase in atomic size with increasing atomic number in a series of transition
metals? (2012 Set 3)
Formation of coloured ions by transition metal ions (2007, 2010)
Lanthanoid contraction (2007, 2008, 2009)
Oxidation states of actinoids (2009, 2011, 2012 Set 3)
Q. Actinides exhibit a much larger number of oxidation states than the lanthanoids? (2012 Set 3)
Q. With the same d-orbital configuration (d4), Cr 2+ is a reducing agent while Mn 3+ is an oxidizing agent?
(2012 Set 3)
NCERT questions which have been asked previously
Page

Question Number

Year

211

Example 8.1

2010

220

Example 8.7

2010

220

Intext question 8.6

2010

232

Intext question 8.10

2009, 2008

234

Exercise-8.7

2007

8.11 (ii)

2008

8.11 (iii)

2007, 2010

8.11 (iv)

2008

8.21 (i)

2009, 2012

Best of luck,
Team Meritnation!

Related Posts

Mastering d- and f-block Elements (Class XII Chemistry)

Coordination Compounds (Chemistry Class XII)
p-Block Elements (Class XII Chemistry)
Revising Carbon and Its Compounds (Science Class X)
Revising Carbon and Its Compounds (Class X)
IMPORTANT TOPICS for Class XII Chemistry Board Exam: p, d and f Block elements

Total Comments (8)

1. samar sam | February 11th, 2014 at 8:15 am

Thnks Meritnation

2. keerthy | December 11th, 2013 at 8:29 pm

thankzz alooot, it really helped meh..

Add Comment

3. keerthy | December 11th, 2013 at 8:28 pm

thankzzzz a loooot.. helpd mah a loottt.

4. sirisha | March 24th, 2013 at 10:38 pm

Thank u meritnation team. Its very helpful to us.

5. rohit | March 10th, 2013 at 8:34 pm

it gave a lot of idea about the questionswhich can be asked,,tnkhs mrn.

6. himanshu | March 10th, 2013 at 5:05 pm

thanks a lot for this great help

7. gopika varma | March 9th, 2013 at 11:40 pm

thanks alot meritnation team..gr8 help

8. PRIYANKA PALIWAL | March 9th, 2013 at 2:34 pm

thanks meritnation

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