IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 08 | February 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Power Quality of Electronic Control System for

Metal Halide HID Lamps
Ahteshamul Haque
Department of Electrical Engineering
Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi-25

Abstract
Metal Halide (MH) High intensity discharge (HID) Lamp is widely used because of its high efficacy and light color spectrum.
To operate these lamps an electronic control system is required. The Electronic control system involves high frequency switching
due to which the input power factor on the ac side may get deteriorated. An active power factor correction is used to improve the
power factor on AC side. The objective of this paper is to analyze the working of active power factor correction for MH-HID
electronic control system. The simulation work is done by using PSIM simulation software.
Keywords: MH-HID, Power Electronics, Power Factor, DC DC converter, PSIM
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I.

INTRODUCTION

Energy saving is a major concern of todays world. Artificial lighting is one of the area where tremendous amount of energy is
used. Electronic control system is used to drive artificial lighting sources [1-2]. Various types of electronic control system for
various types of lamps are designed [3-7]. Metal Halide HID lamps is one of the artificial light source used extensively because
of its high efficacy and light color spectrum. Electronic control system is used for deriving MH-HID lamps [8 -11]. The
electronic control system uses high frequency converters due to which the power quality of AC side get deteriorated i.e. power
factor etc [12]. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the working of active power factor correction implemented in boost
DC DC converter to improve the power factor on AC side.
II. ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MH-HID LAMPS
The block diagram of electronic control system for metal halide HID lamp without active power factor correction is shown in
Fig. 1.

Fig. 1: Block Diagram of Electronic Control System without Active power factor correction

Figure 1 shows a high frequency inverter with close loop control sensing the lamp power and regulating it. There is no active
power factor correction in this electronic control system.

Fig. 2: Block Diagram of Electronic Control System with Active power factor correction

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Power Quality of Electronic Control System for Metal Halide HID Lamps
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 08 / 050)

Fig. 3: Schematic of Active power factor correction

Figure 2 is the block diagram of electronic control system with active power factor correction. The inverter control circuit is
working same as without active power factor correction. For active power factor correction the feedback control circuit is
working by sensing the DC output and AC input voltage and control the duty cycle. The details schematic of active power factor
is shown in Fig. 3.
Boost converter is shown in Fig.4a.Following condition should be satisfied for proper operation of boost converter when it is
used in power factor correction.
1) Boost converter should operate in continuous conduction mode.
2) The switching frequency is much higher than the line frequency.
Working of Boost converter is divided into two modes.
Mode1
When switch S is closed, in this mode of operation the switch is in on state. The current flows through switch and inductor, so
the energy is stored in the inductor. At the same time, the capacitor discharges and supplies current to the load. Mode1 is shown
in Fig.4b.
Assuming inductor current rises linearly from I 1 to I2 in time t1.
I I
I
VDC = L 2 1 = L
(1)
t1

t1

Mode 2
When switch S is open, in this mode of operation the switch is in off state and current flows through inductor, diode and the
capacitor with the load and return to main. Mode 2 is shown in Fig.16c.Now inductor current falls linearly from I2 to I1 in time
t2.
I
VDC Vo = L
(2)
t2

Since the average voltage across inductor is zero.

Fig. 4(a): Basic Boost Converter

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Power Quality of Electronic Control System for Metal Halide HID Lamps
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 08 / 050)

Fig. 4 (b): Mode.1

Fig.4(c) Mode2

Fig. 4(d): Waveform of Boost Converter

V Lavg D .V DC 1 D V DC Vo
Vo

VDC

1 D

(3)
(4)

The State Space Equation is stated as under.

Where q = 0 when switch is off.

q = 1 when switch is on.
iL = First derivative of inductor current.
v C = First derivative of capacitor voltage
Vin = Input voltage
Vo = Output voltage
iL = Inductor current
Vc = Capacitor voltage
The state space model and the relation between input and output voltage is shown by equations 1-6.

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Power Quality of Electronic Control System for Metal Halide HID Lamps
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 08 / 050)

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Vin
200
100
0
-100
-200
I(Lin)
200
100
0
-100
-200
0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

Time (s)

Fig. 5: Input AC Voltage and Current Waveform without Active Power Factor Correction
Vin
200
100
0
-100
-200
I(Lin)
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12
Time (s)

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

Fig. 6: Input AC Voltage and Current Waveform with Active Power Factor Correction.

Figure 5 is the simulation result of input ac voltage and ac current without active power factor correction. Figure 6 is the
simulation result with active power factor correction. It is evident that the power factor is increased drastically with active power
factor correction.
IV. CONCLUSION
The main objective of this paper is to analyses the working of active power factor correction of electronic control system for
metal halide HID lamp for power quality improvement. The working of electronic control system with and without active power
factor correction. The state space model and other equations are described. The result of input voltage and current are presented
with and without active power factor correction is presented. It is evident that power quality is improved with active power factor
corrections.
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Power Quality of Electronic Control System for Metal Halide HID Lamps
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 08 / 050)
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