Name_____________________(Solution)

Recitation_________________

ME309L Quiz 3 Conservation of Linear Momentum

1) Given the experimental setup shown in the figure:

(a) If instead of connecting holes 1 and 2, you connect the manometer to holes 2 and 3,
what would you measure? (1 pt)
Zero. If the probe is aligned with the flow, the two pressures should be the same so
the two levels are the same.

(b) If the probe was rotated an angle of 10 about the z-axis (axis going into the page),
would the difference of pressure between holes 1 and 2 increase or decrease? (1 pt)
It would decrease, because hole 1 would not be aligned with the flow.

2) For a 3D control volume, list the number of equations that can be written for each of the
following conservation laws? (3 pts)
a. 1. equation(s) of conservation of mass
b. 3. equation(s) of conservation of linear momentum
c. 1. equation(s) of conservation of energy

3) Why do we usually consider gage pressures instead of absolute pressures while applying
conservation of linear momentum on a control volume? (1 pt)
Answer :
The atmospheric pressure acts equally on all surfaces of the control volume and hence cancel
out. So we subtract the atmospheric pressure from the absolute pressure and use the resulting
gage pressure in our calculations.

4) Please circle all the valid assumption(s) that apply for Lab 1: Flow Visualization. (1 pt)
A. The flow in the test section is steady flow
B. The density of dye is close/similar to the water density
C. The existence of dye injector has very little effect on the flow
D. The water temperature has a very little variation over the time of experiments.

5) A cart is moving horizontally with two circular water jets coming out horizontally from the
cart. The diameters and the velocities (relative to the cart) of the two jets are D! , V! , D! ,V! ,
respectively. Neglect the mass decrease of the cart and friction forces. Circle all cases below
in which the cart would be moving at a constant speed (include 0 speed) (1 pt):

(1) D! = 0.1 , V! = 1 /, and D! = 0.2 , V! = 0.5 /

(2) D! = 0.1 , V! = 1 /, and D! = 0.2 , V! = 0.25 /
(3) D! = 0.1 , V! = 1 /, and D! = 0.05 , V! = 2 /
The case moving with constant speed is: (1) and (3)

6) A pump in a tank of water directs a jet at 45 ft/s and 200 gal/min against a vane, as shown in
Figure below. What would be the force F required to hold the cart stationary if the jet follows
path A? The tank holds 550 gal of water at this instant. (2 pts)

Solution

For the Jet Path A, no momentum flux crosses the control volume. Hence, F = 0 (1 pt for correct
answer, 1 pt for correct explanation)

7) A uniform jet with density , cross sectional area , and speed is angled upward at an
angle and strikes a box of mass . The box is adjacent to a vertical wall, and the frictional
coefficient between the two is . The gravitational acceleration downward is .

Given that the plate does not move, prove that the range of values that can take is given by
the expression below. (Hint: The force of friction is given by Ff = FN) (4 pts)
!
!

+ .

Solution:
Applying the momentum equation in the -direction first, we get the normal force onto the plate
from the wall:
! = ! =

!" !

= ! .

(1 pt for normal force)

Then, if we were to assume the case where the jet and the friction force from the wall are
supporting the heaviest mass possible, the friction from the wall will be acting against the
direction of gravity. Therefore, the -momentum equation is
! = + ! =

!" !

= ! .

(1 pt for Fy)

Substituting the result for ! and simplifying gives the upper bound on the mass as

!! ! !
!

+ .

(1 pt for upper limit)

Finding the lower limit of the mass is done by simply reversing the sign of friction force term,
! , in the -momentum equation, which will simply give
!! ! !
!

. (1 pt for lower limit)

8) The pictured elbow nozzle assembly is mounted in a

newly designed car wash service center. This assembly
is used quickly inject water through the nozzle. It is
desired to know the reaction force needed to hold this
assembly in place. (6 pts)
For the following problem:
a) List all necessary assumptions to simplify Conservation of Linear Momentum
b) Draw the proper control volume to solve this problem
c) Write all necessary expressions for the reaction forces in terms of , ! , ! , ! , ! , ! , !
(Note: The mass of the elbow assembly is negligible, the observed flow is steady)
Assumptions (1 pt)
- Steady Flow
- Negligible body forces
- Incompressible
(Density is not a function of time, but may be a function of position; since water requires a
high pressure to be compressible, so easiest assumption is incompressible)

1 pt for CV

1 pt for each step

(lines 2-5)

FS + FB

ref

CV

FS = Rx

XYZ

dV =

VXYZ dV + VXYZ (VXYZ dA)

t CV
CS

P dA = R

+ P1 A1 + P2 A2

(VXYZ dA) = V1m! V2 m!

CS

Rx + P1 A1 + P2 A2 = V1m! V2 m!
Rx = (V1 +V2 ) m! + P1 A1 + P2 A2

Essential Equations
Bernoulli Equation:

V2
+ gz = constant
2

Conservation of Mass Equation:

+
!"

. = 0
!"

Conservation of Linear Momentum Equation:

+
!"

!"

(. ) = ! + !