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PLUMBING FIXTURES
FUNDAMENTALS OF PLUMBING
DANILO V. RAVINA
KEYWORDS:
PLUMBING FIXTURE
FIXTURE UNIT
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT (DFU)
WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE (WSFU)
ROUGHING-IN
DANILO V. RAVINA
FIXTURE UNIT
207.8
FIXTURE UNIT is an arbitrary quantity in terms of
which the load-producing effects or water
requirements on the plumbing system of different
kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed in some
arbitrarily chosen scale. One fixture unit is
equivalent to a rate of flow at 28.3 liters per
minute (1 cubic feet per minute) or (7.5 gpm).
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT (DFU) is a numerical
weighing factor to account for the probable
discharge into the plumbing drainage system by
various types of plumbing fixtures, using the single
lavatory as equivalent to 1 DFU.
WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT (WSFU) is a
numerical weighing factor to account for the water
demand of various plumbing fixtures, using the
lavatory for private use as equivalent to 1 WSFU.
DANILO V. RAVINA
WATER CLOSET
DRAINAGE
FIXTURE
MINIMUM
TRAP &
TRAP ARM
SIZE (mm)
DRAINAGE
FIXTURE
UNIT (DFU)
WATER
CLOSET,*
PRIVATE
INSTALLATION
76 mm
4 DFU
WATER
CLOSET,
PUBLIC
INSTALLATION
76 mm
6 DFU
WATER SUPPLY
FIXTURE
WATER
SUPPLY
FIXTURE
UNIT
(WSFU):
PRIVATE USE
WATER
SUPPLY
FIXTURE
UNIT
(WSFU):
PUBLIC USE
WATER CLOSET
(FLUSH TANK)
3 WSFU
5 WSFU
WATER CLOSET
(ECONOMICAL
FLUSH)
2.5 WSFU
4 WSFU
WATER CLOSET
(FLUSHOMETER
VALVE) 25 mm
6 WSFU
10 WSFU
*Drainage Fixture Unit (DFU) and Water Supply Fixture Unit (WSFU) is a numerical weighing factor to
account for the sewage flow or water demand of various plumbing fixtures, using the lavatory (for private
use) as 1 DFU or 1 WSFU. It is just an index number meant to put all fixtures on a common basis.
DANILO V. RAVINA
2. Siphon Jet
3. Siphon Vortex
1. Siphon Washdown
4. Reverse Trap
2. Siphon Jet
3. Siphon Vortex
Reverse Trap
10
From HCG
11
12
13
14
Flushometer Valve:
Flushometer Valve is a
valve designed to supply a
fixed quantity of water for
flushing purposes. It is
activated by direct water
pressure without the use
of a flush tank. It requires
a flow pressure of 69 to
138 kPa (10 to 20 psi)
15
Elongated Front
is more
comfortable but
occupies a larger
space. Water
closet bowls for
public use shall be
the elongated type.
Section 401
Water closet bowls for
public use shall be the
elongated bowl types
equipped with
open-front seats.
DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP CEBU
16
17
LAVATORY
18
Pedestal Lavatory:
19
Undercounter Lavatory
20
One-piece Lavatory:
21
22
23
What is a Bathtub?
A Bathtub is a tub for bathing, usually a
fixed plumbing installation designed for
1 person. It is available in left outlet and
right outlet
24
Shower Pan
DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP CEBU
25
1.78 meters
SHOWER COMPARTMENT
DANILO V. RAVINA
Sec. 409.4
All shower compartments,
regardless of shape, shall
have a minimum finished
interior area of 0.6 square
meter, and shall also be
capable of encompassing a
762 mm diameter circle.
The minimum area and
dimension shall be
maintained from a point
above the shower drain
outlet to a height of 1.78
meters with no protrusions
other than the fixture valve
or valves, shower head and
safety grab bars or rails.
26
27
What is a Bidet?
A Bidet is a plumbing fixture used for
washing the middle part of the body,
especially the genitals. It is also
known as Sitz Bath.
28
WASHLET
29
30
31
Stall Urinal
DANILO V. RAVINA, NAMPAP CEBU
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33
34
Scrub Sink:
Drinking Fountain:
A Scrub Sink is a
plumbing fixture
usually located in the
O.R. in a hospital to
enable personnel to
scrub their hands
prior to a surgical
procedure. The Hot
& Cold water supply
is activated by a
knee action mixing
valve or by wrist or
pedal control or by
automatic sensors.
A Drinking Fountain is a
plumbing fixture consisting
of a shallow basin, together
with a water jet, designed
to provide potable water for
human consumption.
35
36
PLUMBING FIXTURES:
CLEARANCES,ROUGHING-IN
DIMENSIONS and FIXTURE UNIT
VALUES (dfu) (wsfu)
DANILO V. RAVINA
37
WATER CLOSET
762 mm
1524 mm
219.9
ROUGHING-IN - the
installation of all pipings
and fitting parts of the
plumbing system, which
can be completed prior to
the installation of fixtures
and accessories. These
include sanitary and storm
drainage, tap, hot and
chilled water supplies, gas
pipings, vent pipings and
the necessary fixture
supports.
750 mm
375 mm
457 mm
Clearances are
minimum distances
of fixtures for
human safety and
comfort.
600 mm
600 mm
300 mm
457 mm
381 mm
457 mm
CLEARANCE
DIMENSIONS
DANILO V. RAVINA
38
WATER CLOSET
750 mm
762 mm
1524 mm
375 mm
457 mm
Section 401
Water closet bowls for public use
shall be the elongated bowl types
equipped with open-front seats.
219.9
ROUGHING-IN - the installation of
all pipings and fitting parts of the
plumbing system, which can be
completed prior to the installation
of fixtures and accessories. These
include sanitary and storm
drainage, tap, hot and chilled
water supplies, gas pipings, vent
pipings and the necessary fixture
supports.
600 mm
600 mm
300 mm
457 mm
381 mm
457 mm
CLEARANCE
DIMENSIONS
DANILO V. RAVINA
39
300 mm
375 MM
750 MM
206 mm
457 MM
150 mm
300 mm
206 mm
DANILO V. RAVINA
40
DANILO V. RAVINA
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DANILO V. RAVINA
42
ANATOMY OF A WATERCLOSET
DANILO V. RAVINA
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DANILO V. RAVINA
44
FLOOR DRAINS
SHOWER RECEPTORS
409.1
Floor drains shall be considered
plumbing fixtures.
409.2
Shower receptors are plumbing fixtures.
409.3
Each shower receptor shall be an approved type and be
constructed to have a finish dam, curb or threshold which is
at least 25.4 mm lower than the outside floor at the sides
and back of such receptor. In no case shall any dam or
threshold be less than 51 mm nor more than 228 mm in
depth when measured from the top of the dam or threshold
to the drain. The finished floor of the receptor shall slope
uniformly from the sides towards the drain not less than 2%
or 20mm/m or more than 4% or 40mm/m. Thresholds shall
be of sufficient width to accommodate a minimum 559mm
wide door.
DANILO V. RAVINA
45
DANILO V. RAVINA
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PLUMBING ACCESSORIES
DANILO V. RAVINA
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DANILO V. RAVINA
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DANILO V. RAVINA
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50
51
FIXTURE UNIT
207.8
FIXTURE UNIT is an arbitrary quantity in terms of
which the load-producing effects or water
requirements on the plumbing system of different
kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed in some
arbitrarily chosen scale. One fixture unit is
equivalent to a rate of flow at 28.3 liters per
minute (1 cubic feet per minute) or (7.5 gpm).
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT (DFU) is a numerical
weighing factor to account for the probable
discharge into the plumbing drainage system by
various types of plumbing fixtures, using the single
lavatory as equivalent to 1 DFU.
WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT (WSFU) is a
numerical weighing factor to account for the water
demand of various plumbing fixtures, using the
lavatory for private use as equivalent to 1 WSFU.
DANILO V. RAVINA
52
(Single)
(Private installation )
DANILO V. RAVINA
53
*THESE
FIGURES ARE
FOUND IN
TABLE 7-5 OF
THE NPC ON
PAGE 88.
NOTES:
1. Excluding trap arm
2. Except sinks, urinals and dishwashers.
3. Except 6 fixture unit traps or water closets.
4. Only four (4) water closet or 6 fixture unit traps are allowed on any vertical pipe or stack, and not
to exceed three (3) water closets or six (6) fixture unit traps on any horizontal branch or drain.
5. Based on 2% or 20.9 mm/m slope. For one (1) percent or 10.4mm/m slope, multiply horizontal
fixture units by a factor of 0.80.
DANILO V. RAVINA
54
Private Use
Public Use
Bar Sink
Bidet
Hose Bibb
Lavatory
10
*Water Supply Fixture Unit (WSFU) is a numerical weighing factor to account for the water demand of various
plumbing fixtures, using the lavatory (for private use) as 1 WSFU. It is just an index number meant to put all fixtures
on a common basis.
DANILO V. RAVINA
55
WATER DEMAND
LOAD IN WATER
SUPPLY FIXTURE
UNITS (WSFU)
WATER DEMAND
3.0
0.19
60
32.0
2.02
5.0
0.32
70
35.0
2.21
6.5
0.41
80
38.0
2.40
8.0
0.51
90
41.0
2.59
9.4
0.59
100
43.5
2.74
10.7
0.68
120
48.0
3.03
11.8
0.74
140
52.5
3.31
12.8
0.81
160
57.0
3.60
13.7
0.86
180
61.0
3.85
10
14.6
0.92
200
65.0
4.10
12
16.0
1.01
250
75.0
4.73
14
17.0
1.07
300
85.0
5.36
16
18.0
1.14
400
105.0
6.62
18
18.8
1.19
500
124.0
7.82
20
19.6
1.24
750
170.0
10.73
25
21.5
1.36
1000
208.0
13.12
30
23.3
1.47
1250
239.0
15.08
35
24.9
1.57
1500
269.0
16.97
40
26.3
1.66
2000
325.0
20.50
45
27.7
1.76
2500
380.0
23.97
50
29.1
1.84DANILO V. RAVINA3000
433.0
27.32
56
WATER DEMAND
LOAD IN WATER
SUPPLY FIXTURE
UNITS (WSFU)
WATER DEMAND
60
54.0
3.41
70
58.0
3.66
80
61.2
3.86
90
64.3
4.06
15.0
0.95
100
67.5
4.26
17.4
1.10
120
73.0
4.61
19.8
1.25
140
77.0
4.86
22.2
1.40
160
81.0
5.11
24.6
1.55
180
85.5
5.39
10
27.0
1.70
200
90.0
5.68
12
28.6
1.80
250
101.0
6.37
14
30.2
1.91
300
108.0
6.81
16
31.8
2.01
400
127.0
8.01
18
33.4
2.11
500
143.0
9.02
20
35.0
2.21
750
177.0
11.17
25
38.0
2.40
1000
208.0
13.12
30
42.0
2.65
1250
239.0
15.08
35
44.0
2.78
1500
269.0
16.97
40
46.0
2.90
2000
325.0
20.50
45
48.0
3.03
2500
380.0
23.97
50
50.0
3.15DANILO V. RAVINA3000
433.0
27.32
57
END OF PRESENTATION
DANILO V. RAVINA
58