Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
I.
INTRODUCTION
h1
h2
h3
h4
27
R h 2R
thR
0
R 2 (3.3635
0.5 sin )
2
R 2 [1.7927 9
9
sin(2 ) 12 sin ]
2
R 2 (0.314 0.197
0.479 sin 0.0967 cos
0.0565 cos 2 0.0831sin 2 )
R 2 (9 4.5 sin( 2 ))
R(6.5720 )
R ( 6 3.4304 )
R ( 2.2356 0.8876 )
6 R
R 1 cos( )
2
R (1 3 sin )
3 R (1 cos )
2 R (3 cos 2)
6R sin
The range of
Water depth
The flow
area A(m2)
Wetted
perimeter
(m)
The width of
water h(m)
The depth of
water B(m)
2 R sin( )
2
eht
0 h e 0
The range of
Water depth
Wetted
perimeter (m)
0hd
1 2
d sin A
8
1
d
2
1
d 1 cos h
2
2
5
3
1 A
J
n 23
1
2
AK3
BK
(1)
The flow of open channel has the slow flow, the rapids
and the critical flow. The critical flow corresponding to the
flow of open channel is minimum flow phenomenon of
specific energy. The critical depth can be calculated by the
critical flow equation [10]:
d sin
KQ2
The depth of
water B(m)
(2)
TABLE III FLOW FORMULA FOR 3 SPECIAL POSITION OF THE NORMAL DEPTH
IN HORSESHOE CROSS SECTION
The normal
depth (m)
The
Corresponding
flow (m3/s)
28
h0 R
h0 t
8
QR0
h0 e
8
R3J 2
R3J 2
Qt 0 0.2701
1.1631
n
n
Qe 0 0.005
R3J 2
n
nQ
( j 1) 2 3.3635 0.5 sin ( j )
0 .6
6.5720
( j ) 0 .4
R 1 .6
Substituting the hydraulic elements of circular crosssection in Table II into Eq. 1 and Eq. 2, we can get:
0.6
nQ 1
d 0
f 0
J 2
1
Let nQ 0.6
(7)
K j 1 K j
K j 8 N sin
K j 3
A
8 2 sin Kj
2
d
(8)
1
4 j 3
j
1 N 3 sin K cos K cos K j
3
2
2
The
Correspon
ding flow
(m3/s)
gd
0. 4
hK t
1
1
M 0 j d d 2 0 j sin 0 j A
2
8
j 1
j
0 0
0. 6
1
1 j
0.2dM 0 d d 2 1 cos 0 j
8
2
hK R
(6)
The critical
depth (m)
(5)
1
d 2 1 cos A
8
Q2
A
3
f K 8 5 sin 8 2 sin
2
gd
d
(initial value = )
(3)
Where variable superscript (j+1 or j) is the number of
iterations; the meaning of other symbols are the same as
above.
0.4
hK e
9
2
2Q 2 (3 cos ( j ) 2)
gR 5
(initial value =)
(4)
We can get =0.081 rad. Substituting into Eq. 2 and
the corresponding hydraulic elements in Table I, the critical
depth hK of the horseshoe cross-section can be obtained as
2.56 m.
29
E s E sd E su
(9)
iJ
iJ
In which, Es is specific energy in cross-section, can be
2
2
expressed as E h v h Q ; J is mean value of
V.
2g
CONCLUSIONS
2g A
2
hydraulic slope, can be expressed J v ; C is Chezy
2
C R
1
coefficient, C 1 R 6 ; R is hydraulic radius, R A ;E is the
n
difference between Esd and Esu; Esd and Esu are specific
energies in downstream and upstream cross-section
respectively; i denotes channel slope; v denotes average
velocity; the meaning of other symbols are the same as
above.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
[4] Zhengzhong Wang, Tao Chen, Qin Lu, et al. The direct
solution on critical depth of horseshoe section tunnel [J].
Journal of Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2005, 24(5):
95-98. (in Chinese).
[5]
Fig. 3 The water surface profile from import to export of horseshoe cross
section
30