FOREWORD

HE
T
brew,

COPYRIGHT, 1853

by
WATCH TOWER BIBLE & TRACT SOCIETY

First Editlon: 500,000 copies

PUBLEHERB

WATCHTOWER BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY, mC.

International EIble Students Association

Brmklyn, New York, U. S.A.
Made

in the United Stmteu oi

hmcdca

Holy Bible is Almighty God's written revelation

given to mankind. It was originally written In HeAramaic {an oriental language related to Hebrew)
and common Greek. For the most p ~ r these
t
are dead
Eanmngcs today, which fact requires the Holy Blble to
bc translated into mudern languages for its life-giving
message to be given to all peoples and nations and for jt
to become a living Book t o them.
The Hebrew and Aramaic portions make up the greater
part of the Holy Scriptures and werc written centuries
before the samcalled"Christian era", hence may be! c ~ l l e d
pre-Christian. The most of these pre-Christian Scriptures were written in Hebrew, but as early as the first
book of the Holy Bible Aramaic appeam. The portions
written in Aramaic include Genesis 31 :47; Ezra 4: 8 to
6:18 and 7:12-26; Jeremiah 10311;find Daniel 2:4b to
7:2R,Aramaic svords are found In Job, certain Psalms,
the Song of Solomon, Jonah, and Esther, and even in
the Hebrew parts of Daniel. Job is strongly Aramaic,
~ n Ezekiel
d
shows Aramajc influences. Besides this, the
Christian Greek Scriptures quoted some words in Aramaic, which w m the language that Jesus of Nazareth
commonly spoke.
The Hebrew Scriptures are divided up by the Hebrews
themselves into the significant number of twenty-four
books, nnd these make up the Hel~rewcanan of the
Scriptures. They are grouped into the follo~vlngsections:
The Law [or Pentateuch), the Earlier Prophcts and the
Later Prophets, and the Hagiogapha (or I-Ioly Writinm). Jesus of Nazareth is reported as grouping them
under the follo!ving heads: The Law of Moses, the
Prophets, and t h e Psalms. (Luke 24:44) These did not
include the so-called "apocryphal" or "deutcrocanonical"
5

FOREWORD

books. Hence w e confine ourselves to the Hebrew canon

of Scripturm that the great Teacher of Nazareth accepted and approved, and we do not bring those other
books into our translation, rejecting them as not inspired, not authentic, but spurious and not part of the
divine revelation.
The arrangement of the books of the Hebrew Scriptures in order to total twenty-four is as follows, according to t h e Hebrew text: (1)Genesis, 12) Exodus, (3) Leviticus, (4) Numbers, (5)Deuteronomy, making up the
TORAH
or PENTATEUCH;
(6) Joshua, (7) Judges, (8) the
First Book of Samuel, (9) the Second Book of Samuel,
(10).the First Book of Kings, (11) the Second Book of
Kings, making up the EARLIER
PROPHETS;
(12) Isaiah,
(13) Jeremiah, (14) Ezekiel, known as the major prophets; (15)the Twelve Minor Prophets (namely, Hosea,
Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk,
Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi), all these
major and minor prophets making up the LATER PROPHETS; (16) Psalms, (17) Proverbs, (18) Job, (19) the
"Five Me.gil'1othW, called thus because of being written
on five separate scrolls (namely, the Song of Solomon,
Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and Esther), (20) Daniel, (21) Ezra, (22) Nehemiah, (23) the First Book of
Chronicles, and (24)the Second Book of Chronicles, all
these making; up the KE.TU.BIM'
or HAGIOGRAPHA
or HOLY
WRITINGS.
As ordinarily arranged in t h e Christian editions of
the Holy Bible each of the books of the Hebrew Scriptures is isolated, so that the total of them mm up to
thirty-nine books, and the order in which they follow
one another differs from the Hebrew order, so that the
prophecy of Malachi comes last instead of the Second
Eook of Chronicles. The latter arrangement and order
is the one that \re follow as being the most familiar
and popular.

FOREWORD

We have refrained from calling these Hebrew Scriptures "The Old Testament", because they are not ~a testament ox covenant. The ground they cover extends thousands of years before the old Law Covenant that Jehovah God made with the Israelites through his prophet
hToses. Moreover, the four gospel accounts of the Christian Greek Scriptures written by the disciples Matthew,
Mark, Luke and John apply t o a time when the old
Mosaic Latv Covenant was still in force upon Jesus and
his disciples, and hence before the new covenant came
into force through the new mediator.
We have not approached the translatian of the Hebrew Scriphres as "higher critics" and "modernists",
who believe that the text of any individual book in those
Scriptures is a hodgepodge made by several writers and
was not written at the time indicated by the book or by
the date or period mentioned in t h e Scriptures. We accept the books as written by the writers named or indicated and a t the time indicated or assigned by other
Bible writers or characters. We have faith in these
Scriptures as being the canon of Almighty God's written
Word. That means we have faith in their inspiration,
the divine Author moving the writers of the individual
bmks by his spirit or active force. We accept their
authenticity, therefore, accepting t h e authorship and
writership that Jesus Christ and his inspi~eddisciples
assign to those books. We thus accept them as coming
from the murce disclosed by Gad's inspiring spirit, and
not by the higher critics and religious modernists of today, who undermine the authority of God's Word and
w a k e n or destroy faith in it. Accepting the Holy Scriptures on this basis, we have approached their translation
with a sense of reverence for them because they m-e
Almighty God's recordd Word, "trembling at his word,"
and feeling a deep sense of our responsibility to render
them into modern English as faithfully as possible, that

FOREWORD

FOREWORD

with the heIp of this translatlon the reader may find

the way t o endless life in the Almighty's new world of

glad, you natlona, with his people," and the later cornrnand through Jesus Christ, the anointed Son of God,
to preach the good news of God's kingdom in a11 the
Inh~bitedenrth for a rvjtness to all thc nations, require
his faithful witness-bearers to be aIso the translators of
the divjnc writ ten Word. (Dcuteronomy 32:43; Matthew
24:14) God's p m l i a r blessing would accordingly be
u p n his loyal servants when trmslatjng it, in their
efforts to make It a Eivhg, understandable M70rd for
those tvho jvnnt to call upon his name, that they may
be saved to life in the new world. It i s with trust in his
blesshg and guidance by his spirit that we have been
strengthened to go fol~vnrdwith the present translation.
Moved solely by the desire to do and to make known his
will and to serve his purposes, we have no wish to make
name or gain by the pulslication of a different translation based upon solid principles of translation and upon
a strict regard for God's Word and what it says and how
it says it. The results of our labors should help each
user of this Bible transl~tionto measure somewhat how
far the divine help and blessing have been wit11 us in

righteousness.
A m ~ o ~ r r uAs: to authority to translate the sacred
Scriptures from their original Hebrew, Aramaic and
Greek, we do not: bok for such authority to any religious
organization of Christendom or any religious potentate.
The Most High God of M e unive~xeauthorizes the trmslation of his %Vuxdto be made by those who are fully
dedicated to him. Religious monarchs or religious groups
and systems of men may authorize versions of the Bible
for use in Uleh religious congregations. This does not,
however, make their so-called "authorizd version" the
exclusive version that the great Author of the original
Bible approves of havkg his true ~vorshlperson earth
use in any one language. Because of appreciating the
need and value of the pure truth of the Holy Scripturt?~,
his worshipers would seek t o acquire the most faithiul
translation or version of that Word. IS the available
translations of the day did not meet the! needs of the
times, his worshipers would then be moved by the Irresistible spirit of Almighty God to have a more suitable
translation made as far as humanly possible. Therefore,
in explanation of t h e appearance of this translatlon, it
must be stated that it was undertaken because of t h e
keenly felt need of the present-day situation, in order
t o fill the need that has been creatd by the trend of
modern translators and their religious and higher crftical bias; not by their failing to furnish rnodel'n translations of value, but by what they have failed to do in
their translations toward our closest apgroxitnatlon of
the whole truth.
It is self-evident that, there being many languages in
use today, comspondingly many language-versions of
the Holy Scriphrres r ~ ~ ube
l dneeded for readers in those
languages. The divine command through Moses, "Re

this work.
METHOD:It has been our endeavor to make this translation as literal as possible t o the point of understandableness. The aim I s t o convey the flavor of the ancient
Hebrew realm, its rvay af thinking, reasoning, talking,
socjal dealjngsI etc. This has restricted our indulgence
in paraphrase, our saying a thing as rr7ethink t h e original spcalr~ror writer should have said it; and w e have
Seen careful not to modernize the rendering to such an
extent as to alter the ancient background beyond recognizing it. So the lrader will And quite a bit of idiomatic
13ebr.e~.fn mses t h e footnotes show the Ml literalism
or certain expressions.
The Webrev original Is terse. The frame of its structure allo~vsfor this l~riefnessof expression. However, in

10

FOREWORD

FOREWORD

11

or ohlt~atlon.A positive command has its awn special

rendering the sense and feel of the Hebrew verbs of acverb form, but to express a negative command the imtion arid state into English it has not aIways been possfperfect verb is used with a negative particle. h most
ble to render these with t h e same brevity, because of t h e
cases we render such negative command with "must
lack of color of English verb forms. Ilence auxiliary
notMPAnlthsu~lz"should not" ~ w u l dgrammatically be
tvords that lengthen t h e expression z e at times requircd
just aa correct.a'Whereas t h e imperfect verb is kept imt o bring out t h e vividness, picturesqueness and drrtmatic
action of the verb, and the p i n t of view and the i d of~ ~ perfect i n sense by the use in many cases of ''should'',
"ought to," "let," "may,'"'might," etc.,c the p&& verb
time of the Bible writer. B y such lengthening of exprcsoftm shows the neccsity or certainty of the action or
$ion me convey more fully the beauty and accuracy of
state ~ n is
d many times rendered with "must",as caIling
the I3ebrew text, even though at the expense of some
for
sornethinc
definitive nnd to be expected.d
brevity.
The future time of an action or state can be expressed
In our endeavor to ppeserve as much as pssiblc the
in Hebrew h y t h e pe~lectverb as well as by the impersEruch of the Hebrew original so as to express its
fect. The context of the verb helps to determine whether
peculim charm, simpIicity, manner of expression &nd
it pohts t o the future or not. In expressing pure f u k e
forcefuIness, we have presemed t o a considerable extent
time we have stuck to the rule of always using ''shall''
certain verb forms, for example, rendering participles as
with the pronounR "I" and "we", and using "mill" with
participles with their thought of showing an action or
the pronouns "you", "he," "she," "it," m d "they"." To
state as already begun or continuing and under way."
express determination regarding the future we have kept
In our regard for verb infinitives we have tried t o ext h e mle of always using "will" with "I"and "we", and
press the Hebrew infinitive absoIute n0ithits impersonalusing "shall" with "yolr", "he," "sl~e,""lt,'knd "they".P
ness and indefiniteness as to t h e and with its accent
LIIHebrew the perfect verb Is used t o speak of a future
mainly on the action or state described by the verb."
action or Rtate as if it had already accurred and were
The Hebrew verb I s very important but differs from
past, this to show ib future certninty or the obligation
rn English verb. In English t h e verb has quiLe a numof it to occur, To express this in the case of the Rcbrew
ber of tenses, the present, past, future, perfect, p a ~ pert
perfect verb, wc have not used the auxiliary verb "have"
fect and future perfect, besides different modal forms,
with the perfect participle of the verb, e.g., "1 have
indicative mood, subjunctive mood and optative mood.
done," which m i ~ h confuse
t
the reader. We have either
The Hebrew verb has several conjugations, but only two
used "must" with the infinitive of the verb as apply"states" or "themes"'. These are the imperfect and the
Ing to future time& or used the future auxiliary word
perfect states, rather than, as some say, the "present"
"shall" i~rrith tho first person pronouns and '\vill'%th
and the "'perfect" tenses or the "hfueure" and the "perfect" tenses.
second and third person pimnouns, reinforced by such
The imperfed state is often rendered with "should"
a Scc D ~ ~ ~ t ~ r o n o5:r n27.
g b Pee Zleriticus 22: 24. Co~t~pare
Imitirns
or "ought to", in order to express a gentle command
23;3, 3, 21, 25, 35, 36. * Sre Ornesiia 3: 7; Numbers 35: 2s. a See

See Genesis 6 :17;7: 4.

1 : 13 tend footnoten.
a

See J3xodns 20 : 8 nnd footnate1; Joshne

Leviticna f : 2. * See C;an~sis 4 : 14 ; Joshua 24 :15.

4:3:l; 7 : 4 ; 1 3 : I f i . r S p e J o c h a 1 n f ! : 1 2 , 13.

See G e n e i s

FOREWORD

FOREWORD

strong words as "mrhinIy", "indeed," "fairly," ""sfmply," "just," "actually," or other forceftll ~dvtrrb?alexpression, e. g., "I shdl certainly ds,"JbHo~~~crver,
to express determination we use "will" with the first person
pronouns and ""shall" with the second and third person
pronoun^;^ and as these forms of expression alre~tdyexpress determination for the future, they do not need any
reinforcing words to accompany them.
In these ways we bring out the force of the Hebrew
perfect, which would not be generally appreciated today.
The ordinary custom today is to use "shall" and "wfll"
interchangeably for all persons, with no other idea than
the future in mind, some indjvlduals, horrtever, using
"shall" 'in all persons with an emphasis of the vaice to
express determination or obligation. When we sho~t.the
emphasis of the perfect verb in the present time, we prefix "do" or "does" ta t h e English verb, as, "1 do say,"
"I do make," "he does do.'lc
The Hebrew states, imperfect and perfect, of the verb
should always have their proper ~ n distinctive
d
force,
In that way we get better at the truth ancl fac& and we
avoid molding the thought of the Hebrew text t o our
ideas or doctrinal bias. With this in mind we turn the
reader to our handling of an important verbaI form
today called "wa~vconsecutive",
W A ~ CONSECUTNE:
V
For centuries thfs has been called
"~r.aw (or, vav) conversive". Tbe mEsunde~%tand
ing of
this has had a powerful and important effect upon translation of the Hebrew Scriptures for centuries. Waul (1)
is the Hebrew conjunction that basically means "and",
and it never stands alone but is always combined with
some other word. Very frequently this conjunctjon is
joined with the Hebrew verb in the imperfect n i ~ perfect
d

states to form one word wlth It. In this relationship waw

has long been held to exercise a peculiar effect upon the
verb with which it Is combined and this effect has been
described by the te18m "a*a$v mhvcrsivev',meaning the
zmw has t h e potver here to convert t h e time of the verb
from t h e one that its form indicates to the other time,

12

I I 0,
R B i Judges
See Lwiticus 26: 4.5, 7. 8, 10,11, ~ P ~PC V ~ ~ ~ C20:
l5:13. 'gee G e m s i s 6 : l B ; 14:22; 1l:xodu~2 : 1 , 2; Nnmhm;
3.5: 26.27; Joshua 1 0 : 13.

13

from its imperfect force t o perfect or from its perfect:

force t o imperfect.
To quote Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, as edited and
enlarged by the late E,ICautzsch (1919reprinting of the
2d edition), pages 132, 133: "One of the most striking
peculiarities in the I-tebre~vco??scattionof tenses is the
phenomenon that, in representing a series of past events,
only the first verb stands- ~ I the
I
perfect, and the narration is continued in the imperfect. Conveneiy, the representation of a series of future events begins wlth the
imperfect, and b continued in the perfect. Thus in
2 Kings 20:1, In those dnya w a s IJezsJclnh sick unto
&ath [perfect form of verb], nnd Isaiah , , came [imperfect form of verb] to him, and snid [imperfect] to
him, &c. On the other hand, Isaiah 7 :17,the Lord shatl
bring [imperfect folm of verb 1 zdpan thee , , , &us, &c.,
7:18, #?ad it 87tffEit cume to pass [perfect Wnl] iw tfmt

day..

#I

This has not only been taught for centuries in theslogi d circles, but today it is being taught in the public
schmb In the instructfon in Hebrew. To quote the Modrvm H c h m Rccldm. and Grammnr Efart Two), by
IVallenrod-Aaroni, of 1945, pages 190, 191: "In Biblical
I-iebrew, tenses were not strlctly delineated. A flexible
construction t o aid in the indication of tenses is the Waw
Consecutive, referred t o in Hebrew as lqang r, Waw
Cmversive. In describing a series of events in a continuous narration, this style uses the tenses of the
verb in the follo~vh&manner: ll'hcn past events are
described, anty t h e first verb is In ihc past; all the others

...

are in the future tense prefixed by the Wetw.

Conversely, rvhen future events are described, the verb in
the first part of the sentence is in the future tense; all
the others are in the past, prefixed by the Waw." Among
examples that t h e above book quotes are Psalm 30:2:
"I cried [perfed form of verb] unto thee, and than didst
heal [imperfect] me.'*Joshua 1:8: "This booli of the
law shall not depart [imperfect] out of thy rnoutla, hut
thou shalt meditate [perfect] therein day and night.*'
The endeavor on the part of students and translators
to follow this idea has led to diEcu1ties and caused confusion and doubtless led 20 mistranslation of the Hebr~m
text, and i t has not always been possible for devotees
of this ruIe to follow it.
It was Dr. Robert Young, the compiler of the widely
used AnulyftcflZ Concwdance to t l Bible
~
(187F)), who
cl~aIlengedthis rule of "waw conversive". In his Biblo
translation (Sept. 10, 18621, entlltIed "The Holy Bible
containing the Old and New Covenants trans1al:ed RCcording to the Letter and Idioms of the Original Langs~ages", he discusses i t at length in the preliminary
pages before giving us his complete Bible translation,
which does not recognize or apply the ''Iv~I%~
conversive"
~ u l e He
. pointedly shows t h e unsuitablencss of the rule,
that it is actually nonexistent in Hebr~w,is unnecessnry,
exceptional, unexampled, unparalleled in any other Innwages, wen languages closely related to Hebrew; that
it is arbitrary and not workable with uniformity atsd so
has been violam in hunclrek of cases hy the champions
af it. H e shows that it does not solve the apparent dimc u l e of the Hebrew sentence structure which maltes
the verb form correspond with the viewpoint of the 13ible nlriter or szarrator, the time position that he hm
taken in his mind. (See the introductory material following the preface of his translation, under such henrli n s as '"J'5:aw Conversivey a Fiction-Not a Fact".)

Dr. Young regards all Hebrew verbs AS p ~ s or

t present
in tense and rigidly renders them so, without any future
tense. Fof exnmple, Dr. Young renders Genesis 2 : 5 , 6
as follolr~s:"And no shtub of the field is yet in the earth,
and no herb of thc Aeld yet sprouteth, for Jehovah God
hat11 not rained upon the earth, m d a man there is not
to scrve the ground, and a mist goeth up from the earth,
and hath watered the whole face of the ground." Genesis
17:3-5: "And Abrnrn falleth upon his face, and God
spenketh with him, saying, '1-10, My covenant is with
the^, and thou hnst become father of a multitude of
nations; and thy name Is no more called Abram, but
thy name hnth been Abraham, for father of a multitude
of nations have 1 made thee.' "
Mare recently another Hebrew scholar has taken a
posjtion similar to thnt of Dr. Young against waw conversive, In a work entitled '% Survey of Syntax in the
Hebrew Old Testament", of 1951,the author8 offers his
strong reasom for objecting to the old theories regarding thL tlse of the Rebrew conjunctjon waw: that the
normnl and correct developments in sll other languages
inctIne toward a usage that does not allow for substituting one verb for another; thnt in Hebrew no special form
of wow appears with the perfect tense as it does with
the imperrect ; that chalnpiona of the theory themselves
confess that there are Hebrew constructions with m w
for whIch their thwry adords no explanation;that such
theory defines no clear way for making out what the
force of the verb combined with wrrw is; that the logic
Jn~rlw ITnsl~ingFltonWntts, Ph.D., Profe%scrr of Old Trstament
Knturpmtntian nt Kcw Orlcnns Bnptiqt Thenlogicnl Srminn~,Ken(Irlcnn~,Ln., C.S.rt. Onr r r f ~ w ~ i ctor Dr. Watts nnd his work d o ~
not is~lplythnt he can h~ 11~ldwljpon~ihlcfnr any part of this
trnnslntion or nppmvrn o f it in on?. wnp. It wns done ahsolntely
s ~ t l ~ o nhi8
t kno~vlerlpor mllnborntion, hut tf.e sincerely ncknon-1e d the
~ Y ~R I I I ~ OF hi$ nhorc-iaea tionrd work nnd the e~wonragement
it hns h e n in ( w c iwlicve) n right rlirmtian,

FOREWORD

FOREWORD

of the theory is bming and leads t o confusion of mind

and thus is proved unsound; and that the uncertainty
that the theory's chief advomtes betray about It evidences t h a t they rest their conclusions on weak foundntions.-Pages 84-100.
The above author argues that 2 c ~ mmmbined with the
w f e c t form of the verb should be viewed as a waul
conjunctive, which has, not a canversive force, but a
correlating or co-ordinating force; that wnza with thc
imperfect form of the verb should be viewed as a irraw
mnsec~tiveto show a sequence in time or a bgical result, or a logical cause, ar a lodcal contrast of this
verb as regards the preceding verb. In a11 cases the perfect form of the verb should be rendered so ns to set
forth a single, finished or certain act or state. Like~vise,
in all cases the imperfect form of the verb should k
rendered so as to set forth the action or state as partial,
as yet incomplete or progressive or incipient. Even
Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (Kautzsch, English translation, 1949 edition), in footnote 2 of page 330, makes
this admission: "The imperfect conseczltiw represents
an action which is only beginnfng, becoming or still continuing, and hence in any case Incomplete." Also t h e
participle of the verb should be rendered t o show a continuous state.
As illustrations the above author would render
1 Rings 8 : E , 13 in the. following way: "At that time
Solomon said [perfect] : 'JHWHsaid [perfect 1 that he
would dwell In thick darkness. I have surely built [perfect] for you. a house of habitation, a place for you to
dwell forever.' " And 1 Kings 8:22, 23 : "Then Solomon
proceeded to stand [imperfect] before the altar of JHCVH
in the presence of all the congregation of Lsrael, and t o
spread out [imperfect] his hands toward heaven, md
to sap [imperfect] : '0J W H , tlte God a! Islne7, there
is no God like you in the heavens above or jn the earth

beneath, one keepilng [participle] the covenant and the

lovingkindncss far your servants, the ones walking
;particlplc] before you with all thcir heart.' ' I
For our part we do not recognize the Hebrew waeo as
having any convcrsive power over the verb with which
it is combined, even when causing that verb to have a
certain mark (da.gc8h' for'te) or to change its tone or
t o shorten its form, In all cases tve recognize and W
to brina out the i n h ~ ~ meaning
nt
of the 17ei-b form, perfect 01-irnpcrfcct, cvcn with waw conjunctive or waw
consmt ivc, Thus, ~ vt lhout following m y mbi trary or
nrtificial 'Wwaw convcrsive" theory, we can translate an
Imperfect verb into ttw past, present or future time accorrlin~to the context a n d at the same time show its
action or state as imperfect or uncompleted. Likewise
we can translnte a perfect verb into past, present or future time and yet sl-~owIt% emphatic nature and its being
compIeted or I t s being a dead certainty, as if it were al~eaclyaccampIished when foretold or piwmised. We have
strictly followed this principle, well knowing that it
~vouldlead to R result in our t r a n s l a t h different from
that of others who, to tIleir own confusion, have followed
the "waw conversive" theory of tenth-century Hebrew
r:rarnmarians. W e have found this course practical, makirla us more confident of ourselves as thus able t o ascertain the rig11C vkwpofnt of the Bible writer and a clearer
i n s i ~ l l t .into his thought. NaturaHy, too, it has led to
consistency in the trnnslation and hence greater accupacy of rendering. Thh serves to benefit the mere reader
of the Bible, the student of it, and the preacher and expounder of it.
The frequent use of rvaw consecutive with the imperfect verb goes !!$el in the Hebrew with great fluency,
srnsothnms and simplicity, but to render it always in
a like way in English \wuId lend to some monotony for
tIlc ordinary reader. To avoid such monotony we have

16

17

l$.

FOREWORD

resorted t o various English conjunctlona to rshow the

transition of the thought and to indicate whether the
verb shows an action or state that i s beglnnin~,bccorning or still keeping on and hence not yet come ta cornpletion. So in many cases at or toward the beginning
of the sentence or clause we have uscd the following
conjunctions or phrases, ( a ) to indtcnle lernpornl sequence: after a while, after that, aftcr which, af tcward,
at length, at once, eventually, finally, further, furthcrmore, gradually, immediately, jn time, in turn, later,
later on, meantime, meanwhile, moreover, next, now,
once, promptly, subsequently, then, when; (b) to indicate Iogical result: accordingly, and so, at. that, at
this, at which, consequently, hence, so, thus, to this, t o
which, upon that, well, with that; ( c ) to indicate logical
cause: because, for, since; and ( d ) t o indicate logical
contrast: but, however, nevertheless, still.
Thus, although m u (''and") is very r~petitiousin
Rebrew, we do not ignore it and leave I t ~ I I t r ~ n d ~ tas
Ed
if unnecessary or cumbersome or old fashioned in style,
hut we express it by using transitional words or phr~ses
with the sense that the Hebrew l e ~ d us
s to feel. We bring
out the force of the zudu~in its relationship t o the vezlh
with which it is combined. So this simple word watt? in
the Hebrew is used to convey many a shade of meaning
besides its mere basic meaning "and'" This way of rendering wdw, however, does not run contrary to our effort
to distinguish different Hebrew wards from one another
by using different English words, while at the same time
we try to keep do~vnthe various renderings of any one
Hebrew word or expression Into Engljsh to the least
possible number. It must be admitted thnt it is not possible to hoId t o 'the same English rendering of a Hebrew
word in all cases. But we keep in mind the value of comparing one Scripture text with mother where the same
original Hebrew word occurs, and so we t r y to keep

changes of renderinga Hebrew word down to a mlnhum.

THEHEBREW T E ~ For
: a Hebrew text tve have used
mainly (thus far) that one providd In the Bibiria Hebraim by Rudolf KitteI, scvent h edi2lan of 1931,which
is the finished producl: of ICiltel's survivors, A. Alt,
0.Eissfeldt and P, K~h1e.nIn this edition the endeavor
has been made ta ~ e back
t
to the Biblical text of Moses
ben Asher, who is considered the g r ~ n t e s Masorete
t
or
foremost scribe devotcd to prclserviu~ Ihe traditional
form and p~+onunciatlonof the I.lrhrcw text, and who
flourished about A.D. 900 a t Tib~rinsin Palestine. The
model codex of ben Asher hfmself is kept In the synagogue of the Sepllardic Jews in Aleppo, S;vria. Humever, w e have had ~t hand other editions of the Hebrew
text, notably that by C. D. Ginsburg (1926), published
by the British and Foreign Bible Society.
We have made refel~nccalso to the versions of the
Hebrew Script~~res,
nnmel y, the S n m a c i t a ~Perttat~~ch,
~
the Greek Xeptuclgint, the S y s i ~ ePes7ritZt1, the Aramaic
firfltmv and the Latin V~lqcrtc.Tlwse havc been of
r~ssistancein arrivja~gat VB~I'IOLI~
rcndlnm. Ilowever, we
have given the preference t o the T-Iobrcw Masoretic text,
taking it as the basic ~ltnndnrdfor tllc flncicnt expression
of Bible trnth. Whcrc we hnve made any insert from
the various versions to supply what \vas evidently lacking in the Hebrew tcxt, we have indicated it with
braclretsh or with footnotes.c U'here we have varied from
the reading of the ICebrcw text, w e havc also lndieated
it, showing the reading of the l-lclbrew in contrast with
the versions.d We have held last l a our canfld~nce-in the
authenticity of the Hebrew text, ns will appear from any
reading of our translation.

Pubii~I~ed
by Psirilepierstc W t ~ r r t t c ~ ~ i ~ h Rihelnnstalt.
e ~ ~ ~ i n ~ ~Stntt~r
b SVP ( ~ P ~ I P T ~-1:
Y H; S I I I I I ~
2fi:
I C4,
P S 40,
~ ~: Is,
~
Deliteronom$ fl:"2 ;~nrl:ft's 10 :2. st'(' .I t l r l 19

gart, Gemally.

See

FOREWORD

FOREWORD

DMNI NAME: The greatest indfgnity that modern

translators render to the divine Author of the Holy
Scriptures is the omission or the hiding of his peculiar
personal name when it plainly occurs in the Hebrew text
thousands of times in the four-letter ~vord(W;ll=YHIVW),
generally called the "tetragrammaton". Far be i t from
us, therefore, t o return t o the practice of the Jewish
synagogue after traditional Judaism and sectari~nisrn
and superstition had developed in j t, sr back to the style
of the Latin Vulgate, which for a thousand yeau*s was
the dominant translation of the Bible in western Europe.
It followed the synagogue practice of substituting the
titles "Lord", '"the Lord," "Adonai," and "God" for the
divine name represented by Z he tetragrammaton.
We follow the example of the Arst tr~nslatorsof the
Greek Xeptwfint, who rendered I l l c sacred name as a
nanle, as shotm by the Fouad Inventory No. 266 papyrus
Dagmenls of the 2d century B,C,, of the Greck Scptata.
gi)it on the boolr of Deuteronomy. (See our footnotes
on Deuteronomy 18:5, 16; 20:13, 18; 24:4, 9; 25:15;
26:2; 27;2;31:26,27,29;32:3,6, See t h e Foreword of
the New World Tmnslrrtion of t7t c C I ~ r i s t i mGreek
Scfiipticres, pages 10-16.)We remember Paul's rrvords at
1 Corinthians 8:5, "There are those who are calIed
'gods', whether in heaven or on earth, just as there are
many 'gods' and many 'lords'." So we heartily disagrce
with those who claim that "the use of any proper name
for the one and only God, as though thcm were other
gods from whom he had t o be distinguished, , , Is entirely inappropriate for the ~.miv.er.snlfnith of the Christian Church". The very Head of the Christian congregation said in prayer t o God his Fnthcr: "I have made
your name manifest t o the men you gave me out of the
world.''Tohn 17:6.
Therefore we render the divine name in cvery case
where the four-letter name or tetragrammaton occurs,

wing the most familiar English form "Jehovah"', for

the reasons offered in the Forcwo~'ciof our translation
of the Christian G m k Scrjptures, p ~ c 113-25.
s
In this
rendering t ~ ehave follo~lecithe vo~vel-pointing of the
tetragammaton as found in Glnsl~urgkedjtion of the
Hebrew text rather than Ihat of Xittcl, who vo~vel-pints
the tetragrammatan tr, read YehwnhP.REspecially in the
English-speaking world 1s it the practice in recent decades of this century to hide t l ~ a toutstancling name and
to confr~sethe reader tviiIl n substitute title, We note
with gratification, however, lhat quite a number oE European translators, Roman Catholics a t that, instead of
dropping the divine name from their renderings, are
using it and giving It due p r o r n i n e n ~ . ~
The occurrences of the tet ragramaton have been
counkd to be 6,823 times In the Masoretic text." However, in aur desire to get back to the arlgtnal Hebrew
t e x t as admitted by the Jewish Sopherim or scrjbes, we
arc taking into account the 134 emendations of the
Sopherim where thcy hnve changed the Hcbrew text to

20

21

See Genesis 3 : 4, fontnot~'E.

The Frencli trnrrslntion nnw hrrjnp nlnilr rn~dorthe dir~etionof

l'fimle Bibliqnp (IP Jkntsnlm~ asps t l r ~fort11 Tnlttrh. (194% )
The French ~ ~ I I ~ ~ l B
ITt 1i1.
~C
t l~ n ~ n p nInI W ~I'nh~roh. (193a)
The French tr:lnslntinn 1))) I'nrrlir~nl Ili~tinrtar.;m YnJlwcl~. (1951)
The French translation by Edauard Dhnrma (Ie Pltr Pnnl Dhorme
dcs Fr+rm P P I ~ E ~ ~t P
t s~~IIn
~Tl hcr.
S ) TRlll-19.lfl)
The Fi-en& tranxlnticln bv the monks of 3lnl*orl~on~
nses Tahlreh.
b

(IDMI))

The Spanish tr~n<!ntian b y R o v @ ~ - - C ~ n nRDR

i ~ i ~ nTohr*clh. (1847)
h'ncn~~.Colun~n
URPK Y ~ v E (19%)
.
The Spanish trnlwlntion
The English T c ~ t m i n ~ tJm- ~ r s i nof
i ~ t h c Sa c ~ ~ e t801iptu~m
l
h;l' C.
Lattey, S,J., usrp J~bnvnh. (11)3rl- )
The Hal7 Billie t r n n a l a t ~ dIhy E l o ~ ~ i j i n nRonnld
r
A. Rnox (1949)
S 5 , 11;
uses JAW! many timta~,ns aimI~:xn1111n32: j P ~ I H I67:
73:18; S2:10; Zantnll 4":H; 45:2,fi: etc.
C The Bibl~enI 1'p.rf
i t ? tlrr JIn!~i?rg, Is?
ltohert Gorilis, Ph.D.,
page 33, p 2. (4937)

FOREWORD
read Adonag' ('"rd'')
instead of the tetragmmmaton,
and also some other cases where they have changed the
tetragrammaton t o read Blohim' ( "God"). In which
case om translation of the Hebrew Scriptures, when
completed, should contain considerably more than 6,823
appearances of the divine name.
In accordance with our dropping of archaic speech,
we use the form of address "yotr" in sppech directed to
the Almighty God Jehovah. This Is not dis~*espectfulor
prestlmptuous but is in full harnony with the H e b a ~ ~ v
idiom. The Hebrew does not have a familiar secondperson pronoun and a polite form of It, bur has one and
the same personal pronoun when addressing anyone,
friend or foe, God or man, God or Devil. The Hebrews
used t h e sarne pronoun of address in their everyday
speech as rnen as they did when addressing God. Why,
then, in English should we hold onto the archaic "'thou",
"thine," "thy," and "thee"' as if these almost extinct
forms today were especially respectful, holy and religious? Use of such pronouns toward God requires tbat
the accompanying verbs must likewise be rendered in
archaic forms with which most speakers and hearers of
modern English are unfamiliar. In the King Jamm Version and t h e Anawicrm Btanclard Vmdon even the Devil
is addressed as "thou", from Genesis 3:14 on, so that,
if "thou" toward God be taken t o sanctify that pronoun
t o him, then t h e use of the same pronoun "thou" toward
the Devil would undo its sanctity and would make It
just as common as "you" of today.
T h e thus f a r has not dowed us to prepare for publication more than the Octatmch, or Rrst eight books of
the Hebrew Scriptures, according to the popular Christian arrangement of the 39 books. When we published
our translation of the C3ristian Greek Scriptures In 1950

23

we felt it would be taken by the readers as a pledge that

in God's due time me shottld bring out t h e translation
of the Hebrew-Armaic Scripiuras. We are grateful to

the great Author of the Holy Scriptures that, with the

prescnt publication of the Octateuch, z v e have been able
with his hclp to redem p r t of t h i s pledge. W e tlwt it
\ i r i 1 3 prove to be the foundation for the completion of the
entire set of the Hebrew Scriptures. In the preparation
of Ihls prment p1hlicn2ion tvc have been richly blessed,
and we hopr and pray that llle divine blessing will attend
this tmnslntion of not quite one third of the Hebrew
Scriptures and that all readers will by it have an enlargement of their understanding and appreciation of
God's Word, Thus they will be aided In their efforts to
r:~in e t e r n ~ llife in God's new world of righteousness
and also t o help others to do so.
Febrlrary 24, 1953, New York, N. Y .

EXPLANATION CIF TEE SYMBOLS

EXPLANATION OF THE SYMBOLS USED
IN THE MARGINAL REFERENCES
AS
Sabatter, BibEBorrsm flucrom.ra
Greek t m u j a g o ? made -by TaZatinae uw3i~flesant4 r4ae eels
# l ~ i i l a c i Jensh proselyte, ?t uettttua imlico, issued 1&9.
e 2d century A.D. A very htJA
era1 transIa tion of the Hebrew,
hecoming the of6cial Greek Lenin d Manuscri t, catao
. 19,
in Rebrew.
version for the Jews. Origen d
itic1r1dedit in the 3d column 01 h t is the oldest dated mnnzrhIs H e m Iq current ahout script of the colnplefs Hebrew
A.D. 2-15
gee
. ~ o r e ~ of~ the
~ ~ Bible
r d and was copied A.D. SODS
t h e corrected rlenr books
New lTrorld Trnnslation of tho '"from
hy the master Anron
Chriatinpr Greek Scripttrms, pmpar~d
ben Mosller hen Asl~er".It con.
page 12 7 I.
tains the ordinary vocalization

Ca
of the Hebrew donsonn~~is,
It
C a y Manuscript of the is now in rhe Public Library
Prop ets, in Hebrew. It con- in Leninerad.
- . Russia.
tains the Earlier and LFer
Prophets (see Foreword, 41
%XX
and-was written by ~ o s i ben
s
Greek Gepbetn hL V
&,
Asher in nberias in Palestine, begun about 2 8 $ ~ . ~ ?he
.
oldA.D. 895. It is in the Karaite est version of lhe I-1~brew
Jews' synagogue of Cairo, Scriptures and n work of Jews.
Egypt. Accid~ntallydiscovered
about 1890.
It
"-tinv
VzSi,on, prob- o r SinaitIc h:
ably ong~natingamong Latin. 4th
century. What rerneirls of
speaking Jews of Carthage in its translation
o f t h e I-Iehrew
h'orth Africa but later adopfed Scriptures is fragmentary.
DIs.
by the Chdstians. Varrous Lat- covered at Mt. Sinai In 1M4,
it
in verslons were circulated be Is now in t h e Britlsh Muscum,
fore Jerome's production of London, England.
the Latin Yvlgate, and were
translations of the Greek SepLXX(A1
tuaginl before Origen revisgd
Greek 8 ~ ~ ? ! c a g iyemian
qt
as,
that Greek text about A.D. 2.15. f m n d j n the Codex A l e m .
Three types of OId Latin \?er- finl!s,
o r ~lekandrfneManu.
sions are Identified: (1) the Grist, of the comnlcte Urhle.
African. the most prlrnitive: Of ihe middle of f!re 5th crn(2h the European; and 13) the tury. F'rorn its trnnslntion of
Italian, probablv a revision of the Hebrew Xrriptuscs the ful.
the European. ~ s u a l l ycalled lowring have been lost: l i l n ~ s
"'ltala". The standard edition 1 2 : l " i t o 14:9 and Psalms 49:Lfl
continues to be that of Pierre to 79:ll.
24

25

made wlth some consfderation

EXX (8)
Greek, 8oz?tz1ggi3rf Vwsion of the Greek Sephlagfnt. Its
as' l o u n b l n thc Codex Y ~ t i ,mast valuable manuscript for
n the entire
cnnus, or Vatlcnn Manu~crlpt the t r ~ l n ~ l a t i oof
No. 1200. DP thr 4th ccntury. IIcbrcrv Bible is the 6th- or
From it!: trnnslntlon of the I I c - 7th.ccntury codex rn t h e Rmhrmv Sctlpt\il'rs two serflon3 brosian Lihra~y,Milan, Italy*
arc mlsslnfi: tllc huok of C;ctl- At1 ~ n r l l e rmanuscript has a
csls from i t s twginning up to tlnte corresponding wiih A.D.
chnptcr 4ti:25, anrl Fsnims 4 M .
103:27 t6 T37:6 (IYsalrns 10613'4 In Hebrew), krtlt itrhlch
'??n made

rn!ssing passitgcs lverc rest orcrl S W

s
. m%bionite,
IIV n lf5rh-crnlury ~ u r l b r .'l'llc aKout A.D.
nm. Though in exfioolts r l l lhc Mnccrlbrcs itnd cellent Greek,
it is faithfuI-to
the Psnlms o f Solomon, apncHebrew text, following ~ t s
r y p h n l I,ool<s, nrr r n i s s ~ ~ lthe
~
,
Few fragments survive.
Cntalogucd in the Vatican 1.A- sense.
includcd jt in the 4th
bmry slncc The f l f t ~ e h l hcr~l-Origen
colr~mnaf his Hexupla, current
tury.
about.A.D, 145.

M
b J @ w 3 W w text, Here
bnsed mnit~lyr)n the tcxt of the
Lcnlngrntl I,iel,rr?\~~
Manuscript
NU.R 1!i.i,n rcprese~ltntlveof
Z hc: ben hsher text.

Sam

Samaruan pwatywh, a He-

trxt rnlxcrl !v th Samnrltnri Idioms, trnnsmittecl by the

brew

S:tmnrllan cornrnunlty in Pnlestlne Independently oP the

Jvwlsh tradltlon slnre t h e 4tll
cr~nti~ry
R.C. Oiit o r 6,000 dlfIrrsnccs bclw?rn the Sameritan tcxt nnd the Hchrcw text
ot tlre flrfit flue honks of t h e
13kble only 1,000 arc Im ortnnt,
A few cxtnnt manusc&ts are
earller than thc 12th cpntury.

SY
~e&hitt~V@Y#foa.
of ~t nlny be of Jewish origin,
but It was rnqrle lor Syrjnc
Christians. f t 1s baslcnllr A

or Targwnlm.
interpretations,
t r a n s l a t i o n s " . At first they
were mcre oral interpretations
or Lranslations in Aramaic
made a1 ihe reatllng of the Hebrew Scriptures af tes JcrusaIcm's 70-year desolation, and
Inter they were committed to
writing. There are Targums on
the Lsw or Pentateuch, on the
Prophets and, of later date, on
the I-Iagiographa. The three
Tnrgurns on t h e Pentateuch
are the Jen~qalemTargum, the
Targilm of Jonathan, and the
Targum of Onkelos.
TheT

mean n g

TJ
of Jonathan, really
pg%#!nnthsn,
this Targum

on t h e Pentateuch being falsely assigned to Jonathan ben

Uz.zircl. It should rather be
callrrl the Jerusalem Targum
It is a paraphrase in Aramaic extending from Genesis

26

EXPLANATION OF THE= SYMBOL3

through Deuteronomy. There nian Je~va.It is thought t o be

is another Targum called the the oldest: extant of the AraJerusalem Targum on the Pen- maic versions,It fs more closetateuch, but it contains only ly allied to Biblical Aramaic
portions of the Pentateuch and and sticks very closely to the
so is usually called the &ag- Hebrew text. It is based on a
m e n t a y (Jerusalem) Targum. Hebrew text practically idenThe argurn on the Proph- tical with t h e Masoretrc text.
ets, namely, Joshua. Judges,
rmv
I-

Samuel, ~ j n g s , Isaiah, ere:

miah* Ezekielf and the l2 Minor Rophetq is
attributed to the above Jonathan.
In language and style it doseIg resembles the Targum of
Onkclos and seems to have
been modeled on that Targum
and, i n places, to have made
lase of it, but is less literal.

p lesjiambran~Tam,
of which
tA-agmentary
(Jerusalem)
Targum an the Pentateuch is
a
t , It was an older,
more comp1et.e Jerusalem Tar-

,,,,,,

Th

Greek transla$ion made by

ThGdo'COn,- i f Pontus, Asia
Minor, between A.D. 150 and
TQ
192. It differs little from the
Tsrmrn of Onkelas, o r Baby- ScpErlagint, like a mere revilonian TargEm, on the Penta- sion. Origen included It in the
teuch. Its real author was prob- 6th column of Ms H e m p l a , curably unknown to the Babylc- rent about A.D. 245.

PLURAL NUMBER of "YOU" and.of VERBS

C O N T E N T S
Page

Leviticus

.
. 29
.
.
. 198
. . . . . . . . .331

Numbers

Genesis

Exodus

....
Joshua .
. . .
Judges . . . . .
Ruth . . . . .
Deuteronomy

CHAIN REFERENCE
The superior m a l l circle, open ( c ) or with a dot Ca?, or a
EUperlOT "p" or "q" denotes that the word that i t fnllows 1s
one of a chain of references, carried on all through the Hebrew

!kriptures. In the last volume of our translation of the Hebrew

ScrSPtures we hope t o publish an dphabetlc list of all words In
chafn reference, with the opening verse In the Hobrerv Scriptures
where each chain starts. The side margln cites the neM link.
Other symbols refer to cross references not in a chaln.
The following cross reference symbols *, o, A, 4, +, 9, *, u,
8 t o n, r to z ~ 1 1 1lend you to helpful information, such as,
parallel passages, geograghieal and biographical points, passage1
quoted from, etc.

. 426

..
.
.
.

. 557
.676
. 753
. 833

NAMES AND ORDER OF THE BOOI<S

OF T H E HEBREW-ARAhlAIC SCRIPTURES

"You" printed in all capltaI letters denotes the piuxn'nl number

of thls pronoun. Also rr-here the plural number of a verb I s not
certainly apparent to the reader, I t is indicated by printing flre
mas In all capitals.

, , , ,

Genesls
Esodus
Levltfcus
Numbers

Deuteronomy
Joshua
3 uclges

Ruth

VoTuma It*
1 Samuel
2 Samuel

1 Icings
2 Kings
1 Chr~nlcIes
2 Chronicles
Ezra

h-ehemiah
ESther
Jbb

Psalms
Proverbs
Ecclesiastes
5bn.g of Solomon

Volume IIIf
Isaiah
Jeremla
Lamenhtions
Eeklel.
Danlel

Hosea
Joel
Ainos
Obad b h
Tonah
Micah
Kehum

Hallakkuk

Zephaniah

Ilaggai
ZQEhaTtsh

Malachi

To be published in Volume I1 In the course of the yeare.

t To be published in Volume I11 in the course of the years.
Tr

Alphabetical Order and Marginal Abbreviations

of the Books of the Hebrew and Greek Scriptures
Book

Abbrerlatlnn

Acts
.,.... Ac
Amos .......-....,........ ,
.Am
Chmnides, 1 ....,...... ICh
Chronicles, 2 ...-....... 2Ch
Calosslans ....-..,..--. Col
Corinthians, 1 .......... 1Co
Corinthians, 2 .......... 2Co

Larnentatlons
Leviticus

La
L?
Lu

....,.............. Ma1
Mark .........................
Mr
Matthew .................... X i t
Micah ........................ Mic
Nahum ........................Na
Nehemiah .................. h'e
Numbers ...,........,.....
NU
Obadiah ......................Ob
Peter, 1 ......................1Pe
Peter, 2
2Pe
Philemon ................
Phm
Philippians .............. PhP
Proverbs ....................Pr
Psalms ........................
PS
Revelation
Re
Romans ..................... Ro
Ruth ........................... RU
Samuel, 1 ..................1Sa
Samuel,2 ..................2Sa
song
of solamon
(canticles)
CB
Tfiessalonians, 1 ...... 1Th
Thessalonians, 2 .... 2Th
Timothy, 1 ,.....,.......
IT1
nmOthyfi
Titus ...........,,.............
Tit
Zechariah ......,.,..
Zec

.....................

..................

Hebrews .................. Web

Hosea ..........................
Ho
Isajah ..
Isa
James ...............-... .... 3as
Jeremiah ...... ...........

Job

............

Joe
Joh
1Jo

I
.

,...,-......-....-

....................,

...........,...............

Exodus
Ex
Ezekiel ...................... Eze
E a a ............................ Ezr
Galatians
Ga
Genesis .
Ee
Habakkuk ................ Hab
Haggai ...................... Hag

Joel .......,..........-....Jol-m I...,,,,..-......

John, 1

...,.......

Luke
Malachi

Ecclesiastes ................ Ec
Ephesians ,.,...-.
Eph
Esther .......................... Es

..............................

Abbrevlatlon

Wnga, 1 ..................... l I C i
Kings, 2 ...................... 2KI

Daniel .
Da
Deuteronomy -.......... D e

Job

Book

John,2
250
John, 3
.... 3J0
Jonah .......-..-..-....-.- Jon

---.-------..

Joshua

Jude .
.-Jude
Judges ....---.-..I....-....
Jg

Zephaniah

28

-..,....,......

Zep

L"GQ2:2
.l;e I127

1110
.pr 8 ~ 3
"lo
:GI? 1:1R

In the beginninga' Godw createdqthe heavens and the earth.'"

2 Now the earth proved t o be formless and

Wnste and there was darknessSupon the surface

of the surging waters,' and G d ' s active forcedA
was moving to and fly3 over the surface of the
i:;b,::':$
P
\v#,ters,-l
<.I ,>I>:.+
:!l
ps
3 And God procecded to say: '"let light come
''j:?
to be." Then thcrc c m e to be light.' After that
God saw thnt the fighto was good, and God
about a division between the Light and
wgq,zdo brought
the darkness.* a And God began calling the fight
J~~
C.C 1 :13
Day," but the darlrness he called Night.'' And
., ,
.c;cs'll
there came to bc evening and there came t o be
mornlng,O a flrst day.l
i:!:?
;!:
6 And God went on to say: "Let an expanse'
*na t:*m
came I s hc in between the waters and let a divid' ing occur between the waters and the w ~ t e r s , " ~
Then God praceecled to lnalre Wle expanse and
a In tlio H ~ b r c wthig flwt book of the Bible is nnlned nftcr thrse
s

1 . 1

.? : c.I 0 . G
f;

'

ol~cv~iligirortll;

'"ln
the 1 1 1 ~ ~ i 1 l l i i(blf'r.c..pkilit')
u~~~
; but G ~ j r e s i sin
7,XSVg. "Dcugim~ing;" thnr i q , a l the l ~ i s t o iof~ the Iieaveus and
the rn14lr, flu ~licrili o i ~ ~I rIl <lcllrsis
~
F 4, n*lrerewe find the concladit12 atr!tr~~ucnt.bLlchrcla, D ' ~ ? K ( I C l . o , f i i ~ ~ ' )1vif110ut
,
the definite
~irlicle,\Ye first ilnrl I-ll.o.hirrrr ["God") with the drjjnite article nt
G r l ~ c s i s6: 22. Tllc f o r l ~ lof the t i t l ~EI.o.him' is plurnl, the plnral
of rsccllrncc or' t~lajrstyiuld not l o dunotc n ttlaltiple p e m n n l i t ~ .
'1'11~I i l r ~ kL X S PPHIII~I~Y
I:'l.n.lrrst' ilr 6 8r55 (ho ~ A P . O P ' ) , shodng
Ihnt it l a ~ n n sntl iudirirlun! "Oad". C'aahptlrc Judges 16 :23,%, footimtc". Or, " p r i ~ ~ i ~ ormn."
val
Thc LSS rends n'b!is.su.c ("nbyss"') ;
\'g, tr'lr!rs.s!rr. d 01-, "(iorl's qririt," The fIPl,rvs wold ru'ohi
I I ~ ~ I V ,b~si(11wI~sin: trnltklr~t i ~ lInnay tiisie~"cpirit", ,is nIso bnnsllllett ~ l u ~ r ltilirt*n
y
' n ~ ! - i ~ i t l " nlrtl otllrr wte?-s; to denote nn inrisible
11ctil'eIOI'CC. FCC
CF~nrnia3 : S,foot1102c";nnd Cienesie S :1, footnoteb.

rn

GENESIS 1:8-15

30

GENESES 1:16-"?

31

t o make a division between the waters that

should be beneath the expanse and the ~~*aters
PS 1n:1
that should be above t h e expmsc:; dnd it hG'7:'1
came to be so.* *And God hegan t o call the expanse
And there came to be evening :iz
and there came t o be morning, a second day.
9 And God went on to say: '@Letthe z v ~ t e ~ a
under the heavens be colIected Into one place
and let the dry land appear.'" And ir c a m t o ,I; ;!:;;!f
I)(; so. I " And God began calling the dry land
g;?.i:s
E ~ r t h , ~but
' the collection of t h e waters hc U.IUII
7'1. n -3
called Seas.* Further, God saw that it was c<, !I::!
good.' " And God went on to say: "Let the 'rw:12:4
earth cause grass to shoot forth, vegetatlon~y$$f5
baring sea," fruit: treesFyielding fruit according to their Hnds,c=the seed of which ts in it, c * 1:'"
upon the earth."" And i t came to be so. " And "{;b2,,:.
the earth began t o put forth grass, vegetation r&y!:f
bearing seed according to its kinde and trees
yielding fruit, the seed of rvhich is in it nccording t~ its kind.dAThen God saw that it W R S
,6y;;P
good.$ la
And there came to be evening and there 0i.s In.;::rl
.We 2,4
came to be m o m h g , a third day."
14 And God \vent on to say: " k t lurnfnaries9
come to be In the expanse of the heavens to
make a division befmeen the day and t h e night,' F; p
,:
and they must serve as signs' and f ~ seasons
r
w2;i!y;3
and for days m d years.'" I:' And they must serve
.;id:,
FW luminaries in the expanse of the he~lvenst o Jpra:+:m

And it came to be so,

" a d God proceeded to mahen the two p a t
luminaries, tlrc greater lumineuy Tor dorninatsce1:ls
ings the day ;end tire lesser l~~minnryfordominating
~ ~ ~ ~ i : 5 , , , the night, and nlso the stars.;" "'us
God put them in the cxpnnse of t h e heavens to
:",**;!$;~
Z G 3~:8
shine upan the earth, l 9 and to dominatemby day
and by night and to make a division between
Zgi5il2 the Iight and t h e darkness."' Then God saw
that it was good.""" And there came to be evecytt&1j6 ning and there came to be morning, a fourth day.
20 And God went on to say: "Let the waters
we2:7
swarm forth a swarm of living3 soulsm and let
2 ~ 1 9 flying' creatures fly over the eal-th in the bosomc
of the expanse of the henv~ns."& 2 1 h d God proceeded to createn the great sea monsterse and
every living soulb that glides, which the waters
swarmed
forth according to their kindqf and
'it! $%
every
winged
flying creature according t o its
R,.??;?
kind,+And God got, t o sec that it was good.
,~!~,~!;~:\
'(;":3
?2'With that God hlessedq them, saying: "Re
'-8:17
fruitful3 and beconle many ~ n fill
d the waters
in the sea basins and let the flying creatures
become many in the earth."" *%nd there came
*k
byl;i?& to be evening and thew came to be morning,
a fifth day.

"Jgsgshine upon the earth."'

'

4
:

,::;

":@

.,,,:,,

;;:c

~
~

'

'

--

Xot "create", in
I,2t, 27 nix1 in r l ~ ntvr 2.verse 3.
'hr'%Take."
4LLivingm d ( a ) ." Hrl~mw,~ r l i / i ' n h l itlnj,.t,o h T i the sin@number. The L Z S ngretw wit11 this nttrl ret~d*y~vxfir?
RR

rrr*rg

(it#

11

ccorruiv

aUAn'tl it rrkirle! to he PO," The L,XY ha^ t h i s 4tjrttrtnrtlt nt the ctlll

o r VPI~RG 0! where it seems to 81: brttcr. h r t . t l ~ c !\'g rrnt?~
nr thc
~TIIJ)I'OW text. Or, 'LHeusenfi,'Tl~s
I,SS I ~ I ~ hi-e:
I H " r l ~ l d C:od
wnlv that it was good"
Or, LLg~nun:
~prcieu." J Z X , ~ E ? I ' O R ;
\'g, ggr8,lris.K e use the term bere illits nlrltnr ~nennizlgOI, drllnition,
nnd not na p ~ e ~ e n t - d aevoIutinnist.5
y
u.re i f , IGc nnenn Iii~ron cr~ntcd
kind or fmnilr kind. d Or, .'dar;siiicr~tion.'" 9'g, ~pr'ri.r.*.

[p~v-cfadla'no.sdn'), or, "of livil~p:souls," in verw 20, nnd l p v ~ j v

4ulcau ( P ~ U . ~ 7 ~ ~ co'dsi),
ti'
o r , "noill 01' lisinp o n v . ~ ~in' vomc 21.
Here it has reference t o t h e rrinritin n a i m l ~ l ~It. in thc pnlnp Hebrew
rsprekon thst is rlsed with r ~ f r r e n cto~ Inrlll n t h i u meation. a t
Genesis 2 : 7.See Appendix. p~ijioHM, DII O r l l c u i ~1 : 20. L I L the
~
S)r>som." Literally, "upan thr fitrc." d h Y ~ n t r ' ' the
;
~wondwe of
Hhk word in the m a t i o n account. Or, " p n t rcptilw,"

GENESIS 1:30-2 :3

24 And God went on t o say: "Let the earth

put forth living soulsa according t o their kinds,
domesticb3 animal and creeping anjmal and wild
beastc3 of the earth according t o jts kind.""And
it came t o be so. " And God proceeded to malie
the wild beast of the earth according to its kind'
and the domesticb animal according to its kind
and every creeping animal of the groundz according to its kind.. A n d God got to see that

'E
Ac. I-; 21

given to

youa" all vegetation bearing s e d

which is on Ihe surface of the uphale earth and
V P 2.2
every tree on which there is the fruit-f
a tree
" C @ G : ~ Istaring s e d . To YOU let It serve as food.'*
~ L C1
1:m
01 ;r. !Y.l
. r ~ i315:~
)
1
?'' And to every wild heast af the earth and to
{h
;q71
;s
;
1% l(l &:I 4
Wehfi:w
1
:
11;:21 every flying crcature of the heavens and to
I
AI? 1,i;17
everything creepingb upon the earth in which
a
w2!6
there is life as a soulc I have given all green
i
;
$
'1-5
!$;!1.;: D vegetation for food."' And it came to be so.
was good.
31 After that God saw everything he had
I
,,;
26-And God \rent on to say: "Let usk make k c c ll:l
Cj$,~S;24 made and, look! it myast*ery good.U A n d there
came t o be evening and there came t o be momman*"
O L image,'"
~
according t o our likeing, a sixth day.
n e s ~ and
, ~ let them have in subjection the fishCg!;! zii
3 0 e 8:17
of the sea and the flying creatures of the heav- '~;;b,~~;~o
Thus the heavensg and the earth and all
c r ; ~n : ~ thetr nrmyfl"ceme
ens and the domestic animals md all the earth :;j,(j,l::;
to their completion."
C"O":R
W n d by the seventh daye God"ame
to t h e
and every creeping animal that is creeping upon
completion
of
his
workL
that
he
had
made,
the earth."" " And God proceeded to create*";
:~[1;1 1;is;ile
g:,ai
,Iz:n
and
he
proceeded
t
o
restf
on
the
seventh
day
the man in his image,e in God's imager he P,R,?/:ig
Ae 4 :24
I
I
Prom
all
hfa
worlc
that
he
had
madeah
"
d
God
createdf him;" male and female he created* dg;;q:ld
't
r, !'
procccdcd to blcss" the seventh day and make
I
themb ZPF~rther,
God blessed them and God ;;:'\',:?,
it sacred,K because on it he has been restingh
I
said t o them: "Be fruitful and become many :i!o !j(!$
"flrg:2
from
811 hls work that God has created" for
m d fill the earth and subdue It,' and have in ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : 'Hcb
o ':'
the
purpose of mnkfng.1'
I
subjection the fish of the sea and the flying crea- ~ ~ n ? \ , k ~ ~ i ~
"1"
tures of the heavens and every living creature2
"J'fitr" prlllferl in 011 cnpitnl lrttcrm througl~outthis v e d o n denots
tlin Inn11 n ~ ~ n o
~ fbt l~l ir~I I ~ * O ~ ~ O hlw
L I ~ . the printing of nny r ~ r b
that is creepingg upon the earth.''e
CC;~
PS R:G.
$:a 'I
in n g enpilnlh c l ~ l l o t n111i11 it, .ubjejr,t is plurnl in tllr original tcxt
Jm "':'
29 And God went on to say: ''Here" have
S~ttt its plurr~litgi s no2 ~o nppnwnt to t11c Enjiiisl~rcadel-. b Or,

1.1'1 Ii:17

]IF;

it'*^ ;;;A;

,,,,

;,3

'

liti in^ souls." Hebrew,

fiepk'~sh Irlrnpynh', in. the ~inpnlnrnrrmhw, but in !he mllertir~ sense. Tlw LL!CX mads 1r*'~.i)v thnaw
Ipql.fl.rh~dao'snn) or, "1iFing mul." It is the Pnae Uel~rewPSpression used nith refrr~neeto man n t hi3 crention, nt elhnptw 2,
terse 7. b Dr, ''tmtlne?
"TCild Seast"; or, malivingCIPA~UI-P," to
componrl n-ith the same e?ipmgon in verse 24. d H r l ) ~ r wn.dntnP,
,
without the dehite article. "Xinage!' Hehre~; t.crf'r~t&
=~l~nda=;
scrnhlanee. "Create(d)? The third, fowtb nnd fit th usm of thin
1vn1.d in the crmtion nccmnt. E Or, "nlorlrtgmV'
h Or, "Lnnkl"

'"n~oving." IAitt*rnl!y,*.in ~ l i rtbcure

~ l ~ic living wul." The Hebrew
~ x p r r s ~ i o~n~ r ~ > ) t 'kk~t.t~.tt(zI~'
csk
is ILPI'C
u s ~ d~ I I satltc
P
as i n verse 20
11nrl in PIIP~)~CI'
2, I ' C ~ ~7P. Or, "ISOPI
;tlirong." L I Z rends kos'rnos.
T i i ~LSN r p n l l s : "rind all tltc sixth (lag." But tlot so Tg. 1 Or,
"rEr?ui?ct."
Or, "nnrl ~.:anctifp it.'' h Or, "he does rest,'' or, " d p
pi+t." The Ilehrerv r ~ r hlirrr is in tlie p e r k t indientirt?. It shorn
thn ellnrnctrri*tir aP nn i ~ ~ t l i r i t l ~ ~nnti~ely,
nl,
Gad. 011 his sewnth
~ r ~ n t i r(lily.
o
Our rc1111~rit1g
of tile VPTII~Bn.bnth' here in this
w.ng f i ~ m
with
~ I,lt~
inspilwl wrrte's nrptmwt at Hebrews 4: 9-11.
"hlnl;ing,*' thaC ie, nll rlcflrtite thinm i n hcnven nntl earth.
@

4 This is a h i s t o w of the heavens and thel*=*

earth in the time of their bshg created, in the
d a p that JehovEth0 C;Ddb made earth and
$3

heaven-

Or, "These

~ O

the histadan1 origins," Thia exprc~~lon

a a w ~ae
tho preceding a~lcntlanaacount; nntl it corree o n d ~

a1.e

a concln~ionta

with n. ~iulilnr ~ p ~ c a a i annl tan oti~o~iarllnsna in arllmia

: 1;
a : ~ 1; 0 : i ; 11:10,27; aa:la, m;
n u 5712) ud n ~ s oin
tha Hebrew trnnslntiona Ji', Jiv) of ~ n t t h o l v1: 1. The r , X x
rcnd~lat Oeneaia 2 : 4, 4 idlog ysvtaearg (ho bi'bloa ga.eot8e.os),
menning "tha book of origin", tho enme ne the Graok toxt of Mattluw I.: I, whei*! see footnato" nnrl Ap ondix urtiulo it1 our v c ~
sion of the Chriatinn Orcck Berfptur~a.~ " ~ c h a v Qod!'
n i ~ 1Iabrcw,
I'oko.urnh' EE,o,himr,there hdngno deflnite mtiole in the Hobrclv hu*
fore EZ.o.him'. However, tho LLY rantlareit Kljoroc d @ah< (Ky'lPi.o~
ko TBc.oa'). Bnt in the I-Iebrow text we flrst flnd the un~iiodiflcd
a s i p r d o n Y g l ~ o . ~ a hha-Cl.o.lrim'
'
with t h doflnita
~
article hofora
El.o.Bim', much Iakr in 1 ~hronicfea22 2: 1,nnd Nehminh Fi : 7. So,
then, hare at &rresis 2 : 4 is the Hmt oacnrrencc in Ithc Bible oe
the e x p d o n "Jchovnh laad". The form "Jehovnh" is nam Itr~ccd!
back to the tmIl"t11cantory [A.D.), ar paadhty even t o the third
centnry. See Exodaa 6 : 5, footnotot, In the Rebrow God.'m nnnw
is E fonr-letter word or tetragrnmmntan made up of the wnsbnanta
irlirv (SBWB) without vowcla. Tba adition ~ f tho
: Robraw text
by C. D. Ginsburg (1020) vowel-poinh t h ~natno tllnv to wnd
~'Ye.ho.wGh)',
but the seventh edition of tha IJebrnw text by Radalf
Ettel (1851)vowel-points i t to rend JYchwhh", ns thin way of writing the Divine Namo is supparted hy tho Loningrntl Eohreur ~ o d a x
(Blo"), the Cairo Robrcw c o d a of the Prophets, and also many o f
.the oldesthabrew ~nnnusoripts.Those point n l v with tbn vowols o f
Ya3ia and not tho80 of d.da.gtayP. LXX, 67 and Vg read "'Pount a i d 7 , suggesting nu uadargmund frcsll-wntcr rttenm. T, "aloud?'

mi,

7 Then Jehqvah Gad proceded to form the

rnari'ckti53%iii from the ground and to blow
into his nostrils the bFealhO of He," and the

man came t o be a flvinesouLba* Further,

~ehovshGO^ planted a gardenco in
to'Jnb X4:B
103:14 ward the east: and there he put the man whom
he had formed.n Thus Jehovah God madc
E;:113i3;il5
15:45
t o gmw out of the ground every tree deslrableo
2Co st:T
to one" sight and good for food and also the
EF;ii$o
OGC J:L
treeB of lifevn the middle of the garden" and
uExsl:s
the tree of the knowledgeo of good and bad.
10 NOWthere was a rivermissuing' out of
#
E&laEden to water the gardentc and from there it
began to be parted and it became, as t t were,
gj# four heads," The first one's namea i~ Pitshoh;
it ia the one encircling the entire land of HavtiOda"'
labg where there is goldtolaAnd the gold of that
O
N
'
land is good. There also are the bdellium gumm
To$'&fland
6 the onyx stone.a* l3And the name of the
second river is Gl'hon; it is the one endreling
'
the name of the
* j 8 the e n m land of C ~ s h . ~ And
third river is Hid'~Ie.keI;~O
it is the one going to
&:

?$?62j:7a

I~ IBAod5:1$
98:
b

5 Now there was mi yet no ~hrubof the field

found in the earth and no vegetatlonOof the ~ , " ~ ~ f
field was yet spruuting, because Jehovah God
%$%
had not made it rainxupon the eartha and there
OG":I7
waa no man to e ~ l t l v ~ the
t e glmundmO
a But a
vaporCmwent up contfnually from t h e earth and "Job 8B:n
it watered the entire surfnce of the ground.* npa19M:T
a

WeaU

.
,

Or,
Aooording to the later
of the H s h w m d
in pottory making. 'Thing soul." Hehew rsepb'eah h h ~ @ ;
the L X X reads: ryvll* S h o w (py-chdn' =*'A),
meming a "hving BOUI".
SOCJ
also Qene~i.51:20, 21, 30, and I Coriatkinns 15 : 45.
0 Or, u p n r k , ' 9 b e LXX
reads "p~iradh", and so do GyPg,
d "Eden," meaning TPlmnre".Henoe Vg ma& here "paradise of
p l w u ~ e ~ ' Vg,
, '<fromthe beginning." The Hebrew pnrtidple d+
now P ~ d u t i n ~ ostream,
~ui
"XEavfi.lnh," waning "Stretch o f sand".
It ia flvidontly the gold cot~ntrgIn auutbwesbln A~abin.Eowowr,
slrme autho~litiossuggest it t o be the region of the Indm l i v w of
weatmin India. h "Gush," in the Hebrew. But LXX and Tg rend
liEthiopia'). I "Hid'de.ke1," in tha Bebrew. But the L X X and Vg
rontI "Timia". The name means "Aekive; Vehement; Rapid".

GENESIS 2 :I S 2 2

31

36

GENESIS 2:23-3 :6

hulld the rib that he had taken from the man

the east of As.syr'i.a,aaAnd the fourth river is oCelO:ll
into a rrromanhnd to bring her to the man."
the Eu.phra'te~."~
?
-\ReIS:IR
a
9,14
;cc3;1
23 Then thc man said:
15 And Jehovaho God proceeded to take the
"This is nt lnstn bone of my bones
man and settle him in the garden of Edens t o Xea:m
ECo M: 14
And flesh of my flesh.&
cultivate it and to take care of it.' lG And Jeho- 3 D f i 2 m o
Jp 9.2
?sn 5.1
"TIais one wlH be called W ~ r n a n , ~
vah God also laid this commandz upon t h e man: W e 3:lt
2Sn 7!),13
* I ;, lV.l4
Because from manc this one was taken."+
"Fmm every bee of the gardens you may eatc $:;I(,
l < b 11.3
9.22
to satisfaction. "But as for the tree of the
That I s why a manc trill leave his father"and
knowledp of good and bad yeu must not eat
his mother-'and he must stick t o his1vifed and
,,F,,,,:?o
rcc
R:M
5kicJ:":'hey m u d became one flesh.' %"Andbath of
from it, for in the day2 you eat from it you will
* : S R 1') 24
!Ge 3 4
.a!t l'r:5
positively die."=
them contlnzred to be naked," the man and his
-.LC??:9
limo7i l l 6 nrife,{l a ~ ~yct
1'1,
18 And Jehovah God went on t o say: "It Is E.;i4:*!:
d they did not become ashamed."
I I7C :k:7
3.1.:
not good for the m n to continue by himself, I 1<(>13:1
Now
the
serpentc: provd to be the rnost
allq n : 3
ls:m
N:I
am going to make a helper for him, as a corncautious' of nu the wild beasts of the field
plernentc of him."" l3 NOWJehovalr. Gad \!?as :??:;&
that Jehovaho God h ~ d
So it began to
forminga from the ground every wild beaste%f ,3ce7:14
say
to
the
woman:
"Is
it
really
so that God
"Go 5:2-1
the field and every flying3 creature of the heav- 'Ge 8:7
l4:n r z : l i
said
you
must
not
eat from every tree" of the
1 !I 'a W:,i
ens, and he began bringing them t o the man t o
rrw ,l;n garden?" A t this the woman3 said to the sersee what: he would call each one; and whatever;
,15.1+! pcnl : "Of the fruito of the treesr of the garden
the man mould call it, each living soul,fGthat
' r v ~may cat.,% But as for eating of the fruit of
:
was its name. So the man was calling the
the tree that is in the middle of the garden,
'Is l!':la God has said, 'You must not eat from it, no,
name5 of all t h e domestics animals and of the;:e:
l:!l<l 1 :.1
-tnlh
flying creatures of the heavens and of every I/
':~"-QU
~ ~ 1 not
s t touch it for fear YOU may die.'
;:t:o
211
l'';c 7:22
wild beast of the field, but f o r man there was
At this the serpent said to the rvornan : "You
' 4 ;e d:H
1
I
found no helper. as a complement of him.'/*lC~l~'~
positively wilt not die.=' Far God knows tha-t in
a\c 21; 18
21 Hence Jehovah God had a deep sleep' fall ~ p - ~ " ~ $ ~ ~ $ $ I C O:>rn8r
the very day of YQVR eathg from it voua eyes0
l<l>l1 1:18
are bound to be openedg and YOU are bound to
on the man and, while he was sleeping, he took $$ $3
.xsn
,.&
I./@ !'3.2
one of his ribs and then closed up the fleshc weB':i
,.:,> ,,:, be like God,N' KNOIVINGg o d and bad.""
I ' ! I ~2 6
6 Consequently the woman saw that the tree's
ox7erits place "'
And Jehovah God proceeded to
--(3rc * ' t h i ~
t i n ~ ~ . " 'I I ~ h r e w ,i.tft&lrak', Renllp, a female man, c o r n
a EIehmw, B sir-skar' : t f ~ cL,XT n nd T.g rend "A~syrinns'', Hespotdin4
wit11
En~li.41"rroann", ~ncnning~r+on~b-man
or man mith
brew, PRFrntb; ],XI and r ~ ~rr.p!rm'lcb
,
= Or, ''coanterpnrt."
41 W Q I I ~ ~ a
. 1Icl>rew, i,*k. d 0
1'.
"rr-o~nnn,'" "S~rpent."Possihlp not
Solucthing fitting for him. d In p i n t at' time it nne still t h sixth
~
,IT-t n ~ n n k e , Lit~rnlly,"t rw," in tlie nil~gulnr.hen* denoting 3.
c r m t i t ~d n ~ The
.
v ~ r h"folm" here is in Hip progreesirt~iniper1'~c.t.
I
,

r(;t,

I:[)

It11

* Or, " 1 i i - h menture.''

~
* " L i ~ n gmul." I T P ~ ~ Pfwr e, p k ' ' ~ ~I~ho!t~!t(rh'.
lr
The

m d s xi^ SGpbu~ (ps.r~.ehirl' ~ o ' a a n ) or,

, "liritbg soul!'
"he did not find a helper."

9 Liternlly,

~ t ' o v oor woorl, I-Irl~r~lt',El,o.lrim', without the definite nrticlr.

'E'1ri.r titla i a in tltc llrtrnl o f tnajratg or exreIlence, as in all gre1-it m ocnlrnnon of da word bnck to O c n a ~ a1:1.

GENESIS 3:?-14

38

fruit" w ~ good
s for food and that it mas a delight
t o the eyes, yes, the tree was desirableCt o 10011 OEs 2Q:n
upon,b* So she began taking of its fruit and *;g&;;
eating if. Afterward she gave some also to IlW 1Jo l:16

husband"" when with her and he began eating xY;"

it.; +Then the eyes of bath of them Warne
opened and they began to realize that they were 1:u 5:1H
naked.) Hence they sewed fig leaves together 0 J o b l : t l
and made bincoverings for themselves.
3 Later they heard the voiced of Jehovah xeka
GodC walking in the garden" about the breezy y;; FiE
ti:^
parte of the day," and the manf" and his wife' ,.+ t i c 7:7
went into hiding from t h e face of Jehovah God
in between the t r e e s of the garden.@"nd
uabn:a
I I ~ :~ I R~
Jehovah God kept calling to the man and saying
t o him; "Where are you?" l o Finally he said: "I
1:13
heard your voice in the garden, but I was afraid"
because I was naked and so I hid myself."" At *Ex
~olr
a:B
23:15
that he said: "Who told you that you were
naked? Wave you eaten from the tree from
whicll I commanded". you not to eat?" le
And
the man went on t o say: "The woman whom you
gave t o beh with me, she gave me fruit from
Zhe tree and so I ate3 ityt' With that Jehovah :g.fi;az
God said to %hewoman: "What is this you have lsR 15:24
done?" To this the woman replied : "The serpent

frt;;;2

1r;o

11:3
IT1 P:14

AX0

deceived me and srs I ate.""

14 And Jehovah G d proceeded to say to the O C t 45.17
serpent:" "Because you have done this thing,$
15:n

,,,,

14Thptree's frrdt." Litmll;r, "tlw tree." b NTo look upon," This

rendering agrees with the LLT, Tg and @. Soine prefer to rendrr
the Hebrew ~ e r bhere, 'to impark wisdom [intetligenw; pr11denee)." C Or, "man.'"~rhrm,
islr. d Or, ''sound.'' * litemlly,
L Q n l ~ the
u t breeze!' The Hebrew word hew is ruJnhB, t l ~ rpalllc
word trandat~d"active force" in Genesis I:2. 'Or, "and ridam,''
ns in L X S , Tg and Sp. gliteralIj*, "tree," denoting a grotvc or
~ V O O C ~h, Or, "ahom you pnt."
8

39
=ed:if

GENESIS 3 ;15-20

are the cursedm one out af alla the domestic ani~nalsand out of all the mild beasts
o f the field. Upon your belly you will go and
-r tC
i P@
G:IT
t * l @ c111SV' is w h ~ 3t' 0 ~ 1 wjll cat1)a11 the daysof your
-!;~:T:IT life.J '%d
I sball put enmityo between youe
.to * 9 : 3
I
nnd the womana and between your seMc-'* and
.rqO.I3
He'Qvill bruise you In the headeT'
.lh.,
s i : ~' her
; &'k and yori will bruise himr in the h ~ e l . " - ~ *
I6 To the woman 11e said: "I shall greatly
"!u2""
, b: :
i It,
.:l)rs'o
incrense the pain of your
in birth
t{P
2
'.,14!
3.15
panm you wEll bring forth children,' and your
.<;,t 'G.l%
tsa'.;
Eongiug w41I be for yotrr husband, and he will
. @+ti
I,*
dorl~inatcyou."'
J O ~ Itr,:al
17 And to Adam"" he said: "Because you lis(;C .1:1
'XU am:s
tend to your wife's voice and took to eating
,,.r
,,\;(!: .;'$& Prom the tree concerning which I gave you this
I('" 3::??
comrn~uld:"'YOUmust not eat from it,' cursed
' I I.<[\I 1.1.1
istheground"onyouraccount,"hpainyouwkll
:m ( i 4 ~ n::~)
pl.~llt~
t, 7
eat it8 produce a11 the days of your life.* lA
And
I ~ Il:l:.~
I 1I 1 : t
tliorns
and
thistles
it
will
grow
for
you,
and
, l'l.lgc you must eat thc vegetationa of the field.* lP In
the swent of your face you will eat bread2 until
'Iru 5 A
1
)
you return to the ground, for out of it you were
taken. For dust you are and to dust you will
YOU

"

?%I

"::I

.>PA
104:20
'

I!c J:?O

r(?tum,rl'l

<;fl 4:!7

20 After this Adam called Ms wife's name"

Or, "yon nro n11.scd n p no other of." b Or, "'bitel' Or, "oBspring;

--

p(leit1ritg."' dl'Ilr." TSIP Erl)rrw prclnolzn here ( h t t ) , as n-ell

[lint i l l t l ~ rLX?i, n u d r l l t l l ~Sy. nnrl in titany old ~runutlseripkof
YE,i s i l l tho I I ~ I ~ F P I I ~ KPIII~~T.
~~ICI
This GpvP4 m-itll the apastle's
I . P ~ P I ? L ~ ~ Ctn
( I tlik (lir~
lte ziltr.nrr~r~
nt Ronmnr; 16 :20. shcre he uses
t l ~ rC4r1rk tuoind mt*n1lE11~:
"crush" or "hrlzi-r". f i'X-Lim." Again the
l l ~ l ) ~ . ~1)i-olioun
~rhere, nq ~ r ~nsl ltlint in the I.=
and St, is masC ~ I ~ ~ HtPo , r(~rr(ulpnl~<l
wit11 iltc ~ n d wOF fhc aolnanls '-,wd''.
E Lit~l*nlly," i n r ~ ~ e npour
~ c pain olid Fonr p r e g n n n c e This is the
IJFIII'P of I~entintlyx,in which two ~vw(?s
Rr@used connected hy
"u~lrl", but onF t h i l r g is n a n n t .

GENESIS 3 :21-4:4

41

40

Eve,6 because she had to bemrne the mothero of mo 2a:la

everyone living? 2k And Jehovah God proceeded *Ac l?:X
t o make long garments of skin9 for Adam and ePm1
for his wife and to clothe them. ?? And Jehovah
God ~ ~ ~one to
n tsay: "Here the man has become
like one of us in knowing good and bad,* and 'ee3:5
now in order that he may not put his hand%out :g,e zj$
~ n 8ctualIy
d
take fruit also of the tree of life ;;;$:;8
and eat and live for eve^,-"^^^@ 25 With thnt s<:e la:ls
Jehovah Godc put him out of the garden of
Eden3 to cultivate the ground from which he OGe4:le
had been taken.' "'And so he drove the man mCea:5
out and posted* at the east of the garden* of c~e'"l0
Eden the cherub$* and the flaming blade of n DEFyit$
s~vord"'that was turning itself cootinua!ly t o :;;;sy!$:
1 guard t h e wagP to the tree3 of life.
O31
.
C:~
; ~G:13
0:l.l
Now Adam*'! had intercotlrrjemwith Eve his :;2:
lh:'"
wife and she became pregnantScIn time she ''"@
l1
gave birth to Cainfc and said: "I have acquired
"GQ4:2"
R man with the aid of J e h ~ v a h , ' "~ter
'~
she 000 B:25
bbtt 23:m
again gave birth, t o his brotherO AbelW4
And Abel came t o be a ~ h e p h e r dhut
, ~ Cain be- OCe 2"m
came a cultivator of the groundQ0a And It came OG0 J:2D
about at the expiration of some timeg that Cain
proceeded to bring some fruitso of the ground as
$:,
an oReringP t o Jehovahi+ But as for Abel, he, $$ ;:&
2I:B
too, brought some firstlings of his flock,O even
their fatty pieces? Now while Jehovah was Took- ",;':{:::,

nehrew,

"'""

"Uving one" (Pcmininc). 77%

"Life'.'. Wr, ''1i.r.e to t i ~ i~n d~ ech i t e ,
a "Jpl~ovnh Ctad." This is tho find ocrurlnence of t l t i ~~ x j > r e ~ a i o n
in Q e ~ l e a i ~and
, we do not lnsct np w i l l 1 it n ~ n i nu ~ i i nt
l ~':?IOI~IIA
O : 30, for its o l l l y occurrence in that book. Tlius i t occurs 2U timcs
ill Genesis, in +upten 2 and 3 only, d Lit~rnlly,"mn~edt o tent.''
s
ntld Erc ~ x p l r ~ i t l s
Or, "the man. Tbe name r n e n ~ ~"Acqr~initio~l"',
r:liy she gave him this name. Or, " o f dny~,'"iilcrnlly.
a

R k n ~ . ~ r a f a 'mtnning
,

n~~f'l~rr;
LXX, %one', meaning

GENESIS 4:5-'A

ing with favor upon Abel and his orering, he

did not look with any favor upon Cain and upon
web I I : ~ his olTering.* And Cain grew hot with great
tzifp a g e ? and his comtcnance b c m to fall." " At
this Jehovah said to CaIn: "'IVhy are you hot
with anger and why has your- countenance
'$;&IFS3:lo fallen"? ': If you turn ta doing gmd, will there
not be an exaItatf~n?~
But if you do not ttnn
s e m 2 a to doing good, there is sin" crouching at the
entrance and its longing is for you, and you
ought to get the mastery ovcr it.''*
d.gf&F
J ~ 125
S
8 After that Cnin said to Abel his brother:
["Let us go over into the fleld."JaSo it came
tJoh18:a3
-.m m 3 5 aboutthatwhile they were In t h e field Cain went
Lu11:31 to assaultingoAbel his brother and striking him
1Jo 3:l2
Jude 11 dead.+" Later on Jehovah said to Cnin: "Where
*Gc 3:9
-c;e 3232
is Abel your brother?"' and he said: "I do not
iGb1?ii3 h o w . x Am I my brother's guardian?" At this
!+ ;,., ' :,.ti, ~ ~ ~ he
~ 3 ,said: "What have you done? Listen!" Your
brother's bloodcQis crylng out t o me from *he
C'c u:25
g,aro~lnd,*
l1
And now you nre cursedDIn banishment fl*orn the ground nlhlch BRS opened its
moutho to receive your brother" blood at your
=$!;
hand.*
'"men you cultivate Ihe ground, it will
J O 16.18
zK1"'26
~
~s 9 : ~ not give you back its produce."- A wandererand
P5 72:i4
Isa 25:21 a fugitive you rvilI become In the earth.*'* At
Peb 1114
Geb 1 2 3 4 athis Cain said to Jehovah: "My punishment f o r
:E $.% wilt is tm great t o carry."'* Here you are actually driving me this day Prom off the surIace
,"L",b;?jiQ
D ~ Z R ~ of
J
the ground, and fmm yor~rfflce I shall be
H o 9-17
OJcrslG concealed and I must become a wanderer and
I

them so1.ds in brncltets nra i ~ o tin the Mnsoretic Beh e w text, 110t n few 111nn11~crj1)t~
n ~ ~clitinris
~ d
]love nn interrnl
here. Snn~,LAX& Bp nlici Old Ltilin Z C X ~ Y irlscrt thcae vords, The
Yg ~.ends: "Let ns go outdoors," blAitrrnlly, bmTlreroice of."
literally, '('bloods," wodif5cd by "cryitl~".d Liter~lly,'"power.!'
a Although

43
fugitive on the earth, and it Is certnin that any.
one finding me MU strike me dead."' At t h i s

posed

"A manc will I strtlie dead for tvounding

me,d

r I . l b

rcYor that reason,"" to translnte tha hlnsorctic: texl!~ exprcwsior~

~,n,liBsm'. But the A=, Sp and Vg take thp n r i ~ i n n ltcxt to rend
I,n kkeja and hence trn3late it hem: "?Jut au 1' ' b Clr, lLSn~l.''
a Li.ter-

ti

coinl~i~~ntion
of muaicnl

"Yes, tr young man far giving me a

hlow,O
"If seven tlrnes Cain is to be avenged,:
"Then La'mwh seventy times and

-&zI:rn

'Ps 0-1:4

Pr =:I

We 5;3
1ch 1:1
LLl3:35

~ y i f ~and
k

;I)

these wardsn for his wives A'dah and

"'Hem my voice,' you wlves of La'mech;

"Give car to my s a y h g : ~ ~

. ~95
g

4 v

she became pregnZiEX@ive birlh !rGa 5:9

lo E'noch. Then he engaged in builditig a city' ::Gc10:1.2
and called the city"sname' by the nanle of his We 5:2
sonz E'noch." I BLater there u-as born to E'noch TGe & 4
GI? I&%
I'rad. And IPradbecame fatheP to Me.htt'ja.el, :*?SR
18:lR
and Me.hu'ja.el became father to Me.tRu'sha.el, 1'9 49:il
ancl Me.thu'sha.el became father to La'mech.
J9 And La'mech proceeded to take two
s:a
wiveso f a r himself. The name of the flrst was &GO
GI38 ~ n n a
25:27
A'dah and the name of the second wns Z i l ' l ~ h ,+'.l;u
.'<5:10
In time A'dah gave birth to Ja'bal, T-I@ provecl Jvr
I-1t.b11:II
Ct;c D:21
to he the founderCCof those who diveJ1 in tentsz.;
CRo 4:11
nnd have livestock. " And the name of his *Job
21:12
I~lwtherwas J u W . H e proved to be the found- :(;vInn 35:1,2!2#
:;o
cpc' of all those who handle the h'arp- nnd the n ,l j w~ a7;%;lG
r,u
2::s
plpe.d' * 2 As for ZiltEah, she, too, gave bIrth to 24m 1 2 : n
I ~ ~2>3-f
II
'Cu'bal-cain, the forgere ef wery sort of tool of .1521
2: 1
2Ii:lg
copper and iron.c6And the sister%oS Tu'bal-caln GGa :12!13
~ y a sNata.mah. Consequently Ln'mech com-

:2

Zil'lah :

-2Sa 14:1

Jehovah said to him: "For that reasonD.anyonc

% 6:N
striking Cain dead must suffer vengeancec seven 3
Q ' Lm~ : 1s
I 'B ;+l:f 2
times.'"
t 2fi:,-i2
And so Jehovah set up a sign" for C ~ i nin *l,:xe !l:T,2
tt.ri
z l i ! z,1:2n
order t h a t no one finding him should strilce E 1'4
fil:Ll
him.' ' W i t h that Cain went awny from the JI '.c: rIi8:t'
2338
face of Jehovah" and took up reslclcnca in l11c J , l l .1:;:27
CP%u trl.::!
land of Fugitivenessh t o the east of Eden.J
17 Aftatvard Cain halntercourse with Ills

nllg, "i'nther." d Or, "flute." Possibly

pipr~.* IIore litmll~."hnrmnerer."

GENESIS 4 :24-5

,+.GO

23:a
4:2

:;",?I::.
m 7
IIC
i :s.11
-I;+*
I:26

I(:o 115'
nu;o l;n
f

i ~ 2'2'\
!

nl?17'3%
tam

I:'

I;o 5 5
1' :e G:ZI

'2"'

lw10

'Ge6:i

' Ge 9 1

5e11:4

G e 6:3

seven.""

25 And Adam plmwcededto have Intercourse

again with his wife nnd so she gave birth t o a
son and called his nnme Setlzlv l~ecau~se,
as she
said, "God has appointed another seedc3 in place
of Abel," hecnuse Cain struck him dead." ?%nd
to Sethf ~ l s bthere rvns born a son ~lndhe tooi:
to calling his name E'nosh, At that time a stark
wn8 r n ~ d o.f~calling
~
on Ihe name of Jehoval~.'~
This is the boolrmof Adam'sc history.'P In
the day of God's cre~tingM n m he made
him in the 1ilreness"f God.' Male and female
he created' them, After that h e blessed3 them
and called their namei Man)in the day of their
king created."

'

'T b e X e b m 1-erb here being in the imperfect follou-ing the consecutive conjnnetion warnto ("anil") d ~ n o t r sn prncess, kind ns whnt
he produced was poetic E ~ Pvrrh "r.oni~>osn"i.9 rtpprop~inte here.
b Or, "song; pocm."In the Scripturea the ~ r r n r t lis used in 11oeti~aL
compositiou~. The llcbrr~rpnrtiulc k~ prcreiling t h e words
man" is merely introd~ic~tuxyl u t h o pot>l~innrl lictic!c is not translated. dLiter~liyI" f o ~1117 wound.)' *Litc.mllg, "for my hlov.''
1 Jfenning "Appointed ; Put ; Set": in tlir ppnnr o f r~plneing
or substituting. Or, "aWs~>rirrg;~>osrcrilg." Li trrnlly, "At, that time
it was started."' I Or, "hi stolhicril oripil~~."
five Gcncsi* 3 : 4, footI I O ~ F . J Or, d4Adam.'J

GENESTS 5 :%I6

45

44

3 And Adam lived" on for a hundred find

thirty year5.q Then he became father to a son X r 9:6
In his likeness," in his image: Etnd callecl llis -Jab M:.!
name Seth.# a And the days of A d ~ mafter his $:,h:i:i.:'
producing Seth came t o be eight hundrcd pn:h,n,'::;
years. Meanwhile he became father to sons' and mc:*t;:2
dau~hters.~"SO all the days of Adam" U ~ a he
t LC;, !$:,
lived amounted to" nine hundred ~ n dthirty ;I;"\
years and he died.'
'1 ,\I 13::~s
2i13
6 And Seth lived on for a hundred and five ,1(~;~2;2
yenrs. Then he became father to E'11os11." :And v, I O : ~
after his producing E'nash Seth continued t o
3%"
live eight hundred and seven years. Meanwhile
ATl,
he became father to sons and daughters. So I . 3~: s
all the days of Seth amounted to" nine hundred
and twe11.e gears and he djed.
9 And E'nosh lived an far nlnety years, Then
he became father to Kehnan.O jOAnd after his +i$F3?$
plvducing Ke'nan E'nosh continued t o lire eight
hundred ~ n fifteen
d
years. Meanwhile he ~ @ C R ~ P
fatl~ert o solxi and daughters, 3' So all the days
of E'nosh amounted toa nine hundred ~ n five
d
years and he died.
12 And Ke'nan Iived on for seventy years.
Then he became father to Ma.hal'a-lel.hMAnd
after his producing Ma-hal'a.lel Ke'nan continued f a live eight hundred and forty years.
Menn~vhilehe became father to sons ant1 daughters. So a11 the days of Ke'nan amortnted to
nine hundred and ten years and he died.
15 And Ma.halra3eI lived on for sixty-five
years. Then he becarne father to Ja'rcd.' '"And +Ly&F
after his producing Ja'red Ma.halra.lel continued
to live eight hundred and thirty years, MennQ"~":"

411;~

Or, "pmrn~ tO be?'

GENESIS 5 :17-28

while he became father t o sons and daughters.

" S o all the days of Ma.hal'a.lel amounted to
eight hundred and ninety-livc years and he died.
18 And Jari+edIlwd an for a hundred and
sixty-ttvo years. Then he became father to
l:3
E ' n o ~ h , ~ And after his producing E'noch
Lu 3:JI
Jude 14 Ja'red continued to live eight hundred years.
Meanwhile he became father to sons and rlaughters, So d l the days of Jntred amounted t o
nine hundred ~ l z dsixty-two years and he died.
21 And E'noch lived an for sixty-five years,
clctr 1 5
Then
he became lather t o Me.thu'se.la;h," " And
Lu 3337
after his producing Me-thu'se.1ah Ernach !vent.
-6:2
on walking with thr Gadnc thwe hundred years.*
Wude 14
Jude 15 Meanwhile he became father t o sons and daughters. '"0 all the days of E'noch amounted t o
three hundred clnd sixty-five years. :+And
E'noch kept up.alkingbwith the God." Then Re
"Je~J1:15 was no more," for Godh took him,"
"1' ?,!R
'.;*I<!
.. I 1
I 1 ~ 11:s
~ 1 ~ 25 And Mc.lhutr;c.lnh lived on for a hundred
and eighty-seven yenrs, Then he became father
to
La'mech.! aU And nfter his p r o d u c l n ~La'mech
PL",h&z n?Te.thu'se.l&
continued to live seven hundred
and eighty-two years. Meanwhile he became
father to sons and daughters, ':So all the days
of Me.thu'se.lah nmout~tedto nine hundred and
sixty-nine years and he died.
28 And L a h e d l lived on for a hundred and
"The God." Here tvp h n v ~thc flrat find sclrond instnnces where
the Heh1,ew terta El.o,Ai~n"is pr~ordrtllly the dellnite article Jtn.
Z'se of the article hero is delihernto, doubtlean berv~uwof t h e more
towarcl fahe warship indicrcted 8ho.tbtlyll~fornthis n t Crncsis 4:21i.
Hence it is here emphaxiacd Zhnt E'noct~ ~ ~ a l k ewt11
r l the true God.
80 me feel justifled in usinr the dcilnite nrhtirlc''tile" l~ercfor emphasis nnd identification, b "Ootf." J I c l ~ r r ~ rRl,onltim:
,
withoat the
definite artiele.
a

GENESIS 5:-6

:4

46

'e10:8
they mere the rnightyvonee rvho were of that
eighty-two years. Then he became Pnther to 8 '
'su362
world,bthe men of fame.c'
son. 2Q And he proceeded to call his name,
Noah,ac' saying: "This one will bring us C Q ~ I I - ~ = G * ~ : ~
5 Consequently Jel~ovallsaw t h ~ the
t
bail24:cr7
f o r t f r o m our work and from the pnin of our
ness of man had b w m e grwlt in the earth and
hands* resdting from the grouncl' t ~ l ~ i cJehoh
every inclinatione of t h e Ihoughts of his heart"
i!
Ec 7:29
~cr17:9 was only bad all the
vnIP has c u r ~ e d . " ~ And after his producing
V n d Jehovah felt
b l t 9519
Noah La'mech continued t o live flve hundred ;y;&/;<$Q
c x i3:n re@ets7that he had made men in the earth and
and ninety-five years. Rlean\vblle he b~cnrncl:;;;$y_
'Q ~G G~: ~3~ :he: felt
~ ~ hurt at his henrt." ' So Jehovah said :
fnihcr to sons and daughters, " So all the days 2r [tTc' v 32:s: d
"I nrn going to wipe men whom I have created"
of La'mech amounted t o seven hundred ~ n cdc ; p s : ~ - r
o f f the surface of Ihe ~ m u n dfrom
,
Inan to do"::;,"i3,,
4
~nestic' anirnnl, to c l ~ c p i n~rtjmnl
~
and to flyseventy-seven pars and be died.
G e m
ing: creature of t l ~ ehenvensl because 1 do oeaet
32 And Noall got to be five Iwndred yems
ce?:1
that 3 have made Il~crn,""'But NoahVfound
old. After that Noah became father to Shern,* =me:10
:c 1 6 3
(:v 13:14 favof' in t h e eyes: of Jchovah.p'
W am" and Ja"pheth.c
;e 10:8
.q!?t:m
1
1
9 This is the hJstaryUCof Nonh.
.
I
r
k
4 1 11:7
Now it came about that bfnPhenmeno started ,4;&'r1!,
7: 1
Noah was a rightcousC mnn. He proved himt o grow in numbers on the surface of the ~ ~ ~ ~ ; J j ~
self
fa~rItlessamong his contemporaries.*Noah
ground and daughters0 were born to them,' = l . i c l l . l l
"m*l d ! l d walked with the god.^"' On time Noah became
"'h"rla
"then the sonshP of God'"" begnn t o notlcc the $g:+:j1.
fnlher t o three sons, Shem," I-Tnm3 and Ja'daughters of men, that they were good-looklng,
pl~rlt
h." A t ~ dthcl ~ : ~ r ct ahl m to be ruined in
I
t l ~ csight of the Gods and the earth k a m e
nnd they went to taking tvlvesOPar thcmseIves
IS,, 1'1ni11
I'H
e~
t : ~filled
~ ~ with~
violence."
So GodlQaw the eartho
of all whom they selected. a After that Jehovah ~
!
~ I.:sc
'
h.17
and, look! it l f ~ rufned,
~s
bec~useall flesh had
Onsu:13
said: "My spirit" shall not act tow~rdman In*i"'"2F':z5
l;c 16:7
.,,,,
,:, ruined its way2 on the earth."
cleflnitelyd' in that he" I s also flesh,-"Accord- 'E@7:15
Ile 11:18
13 After that God said to Noah: "The endd
.G-? a:&
ingly his day$ shall amount to a hundred and $:7&9
I Jthh :kG
of all flesh has come before me, because the
trventy years."
tC'o 1599
Ge7:4
earthC is full of violence as a result of them,
6.13
':-Be2 2
4 The NephFi.limrcproved to be in the earthC ,1 3Ge
Xu 1:1:33
>\rna:z and here I am bringing them t o ruin together
1Pe -27
Jnthose days, and also after that, when the sons
2Pe36
with the earth." Make far yoursself an arki
of GodC0continued t o have relations with the bGcg:a
Or! '(the Gib.bo,rimt." ((Wehr~rv)b Or, ''~11swere of old," Or,
daughters of men and they bore solis to tl~cm,
I%@

z;:;!:l,t

m'na~ne.'j
d Literally, "day,"
Or, "'rhc.qa nrc tho hiatm*icnl. urighs."
See Cknesis 2 : 4, footnct~&,
1 "l:antcml)ovnrirp," Litwnlly, "generetions." ga.The: Gotl." 2 i o l ) r ~ wJ < i . c ~ ~ k i > r ~s'i, t l i tllc ~lcfiriite~ l ' t i ~ l ~ '
See Gemwit: 5 : 22. footnotea. "(+ail." IItrw the klehr~rvreverts to
El.o.hiwP withont the tlrfit~iteartirlr, tu rrrnti~ruc.so tltlt-il Uenesis
17:1s. 1 Hchrew, !@.halt'; litarn!ly, ',n r l t c % l . * ICxotlus
~ ~ ~ 2: 3. 5.
@

h r e ~ n i a g"Rcet ; Conaolntinnl', b Tllr! A v~r'sinr~

af thn Elrook LXT
rcnds I~ere,'.nngela!'
Liternlly, "tllo Iiod." 11 ohrcw, kn-l?;l.o.irbm',
114th the dpfinike mlicle bn heforo fil.o*iiinr'. L,LT, Iio ~'?tr,os'. Or.
dtinrpv~r."e "He." ReYerring to "n~n~l",
not to "my spirit1', Or,
" T ~ ~ ~ I C E . ' ' Those wha cauw athrl-s to ihll rlow~~.

'

GENESIS 6 :15-21

49

48

out of wood of a resinous rtree.ae'Yau will make m C 1 8 4

compartmentsb in the arp snd you must cover :%~~,
It inside and outside with tarqN1"
And this is how k;;;;?
you ~ v i l l make it; three h~mdred cubits the *EX 3 : 3
length of the ark, Wty cubits Its width, and *1Pe 3'20
thirty cubits its height. You will make an 9c, t : i
opening for illurninatio~zfar the ark and you 5: ?iiiQ
will complete it to t h e exlent of R cubit from ~ ; l ~ ~ :
the roof,[' and the entrance of thc arlr you will 2; ;""
put in its dde; you will malce it with a lower gb3:?;3
LY.I,L~I
story, a second story and a third story.*
PAC 1 ' :!l::ko
17 ''And as for me, here I am bringing the
'
"
*
"
deluge3 of watersn upon the e ~ r t hto bring t o
"G";17
ruin all flesh in which the force of life3 is actived" ""ea:a
from under the heavens,* Everything that is
in the earth will: expire.jb l 6 And I do establish ?%!$12s
my covenantz with YOU,-and you must go into &;?;?&
the ark, you and your sons and your wife m d ;yFfnv;;l:m
your sons"~ives with you.' lU
And of every liv- 2 ~ :':sc
ing creature=of every sort of flesh," twa of each, OGC
~ G I
8:31
F:a8
you $!?ill bring into the ark t o preserve them Ira 15:dQ
alive with you. Male and female they will be.
!,, O
f the flying creatures according to their
kinds3 and of the domestic animals according we':14
t o tl~elrkinds;" of all creeping animals of the # G r k 2 0
ground according to th@lrkinds," two of each
:62;2
will go in there t o you to preserve them alive.
21 And as far you, take for yourself every sort
:3
of f o o d that is eaten, and you must gather it w=GCc 01-#I
to yourself and it must serve as ioad for you %$$8
PS1'17:g
and for them."D
alt S::G

'

::*

7:Z

*Heb l l : 7
rGe 8:f

1b~:*fi:22

mc;;e s:xa

EX x:33
I~O!I:B

v.:* 7.n

,, ,
, , '

,;,,
,,,
f:c1z"12
ragn !I t I

,,:

-<:cB4

ii;;;lc

1pes:m

2Pc 2 : s
4Ge

s:m

z,G,e:?j3

E:Ef:

flLuC)P a rpsinaus tree." Litprnlly, "of the Fa

her tree.'? Oophrr dcnotrs a lrxlnova tree, posril~lytho ryprp9Fs.. CUP, "cells; rhnlshar*;
rt~l~inr,''
0 Llkrnll?-, "f l-en~
nl~nvtl." * IAitrrnEly."in which tlle nctiro
T~vrrrof life is'" or, "in w i ~ i r hthe ppirit of life is,"*The ITehrew
wr~rtih ~ r elu'nkh means a c t i v ~forcr or spirit. See Generirr 1 : 2.

22 And Noah proceeded to do according to

a11 that Gocl had commandedz him. He did just
~ 0 , a A

After thnt Jehovah said to Noah:' "Go,

you and nll your household~"into the ark,
you nre the m e I have seen to be right"" 18:n eousr3before me among this generation.'' ? Of
m7Ce9 12
every clcan beastmyou must t n k ~t o yourself by
~ *;2,2::;5
e
I :
sevens,"
the sire and its
and of every
LLe 11.4
. i ~ r o l r 4 beast that is not clean" just two, the sire and
its mate;= also of the flying crealuws of the
heavens by sevens,b male and female, to preserve offspringd1alive on the surf~ccof the en3Ge 12:1
:2Pe 2:s

GENESIS 6:22-7 :11

7
because

tire earth. ' For in just seven days more X am

making it rain upon the earthg Sarty days" and
forty nlgl~ts,pand I will wipe every existing
thing thnt 1 have made off the surlacc of the
ground."" %nd Xoah proceeded to do according to nll that J ~ h o v a h "had commanded' him.'
I; Anrl N o n l ~rvns six hrmdrecl years old when
the dclugc of waters" occurred on the earth."
So Kaah Itvent in, and his sons and his wife0
and his sons' wives with him, into the arko
ahead of Ihr! tvaters of the d e l l ~ g e . ~Of every
clean beast ~ n dof every beast that Is not
clean and of the flying creatures and everything
that creeps on the ground,O "they !vent in by
hvos to Noah inside the ark, male ~ l n dfemale,
just as God"= had commanded Noah: "And
seven days later it turned out t h a t the waters
of the deluge cRme upon the earth.
I1 In the six hundi-edth year of Noah's life,

"He did just so." TbEs c l o n a ~i s omitted bp VgTJ. Compnrr O ~ n e e i s

7: 5. bLiternll~,'kser~rseven." * Literally. ''11 mnn anal hisr wife."
d Literally, "reed!'
"Oud," ML,USy. ; L~Jehilral~,''
Pnn~vrT'~~.
a

GENESIS 7 :12-18

5I

50

GENESIS 7: 19-8: 3

overwhelming and kept increasing greatly upon

the earth, hut the ark ltept going on the surface
of f11e
I%nd the waters overwhelmed
tF,"&?iy
"d;:,
.';'H.I
t h e earth so grcafly that all Zlle tall mountains'
the floodgatesc of the heavens were opened.#'
t l ~ n tMuere under the whole heavens came to
"'d
the do~vnpomupon the earth went on ,E:r Z L I H
for forty days and forty nights." On this vely :$'.:q:H
covered.' :'#Upto fifteen cubits the waters
-"r",b,g;isbe
overrvheilmed them and the mountains became
day Noah went in, and Sheme and Hamz m d "':''''.'S
?rs3:0
?PalU1:6 covered,"
Jarpheth,O Noah's sons, and the wife of Noah
and the three wives of his sons with him, into $:;*
21 So all flesh that was creeping trpon the
&25:8
tfie ark;*l4 they and every wild beast2 according cc;c $:I
enrth
cxpil-ed,' among the flying creatr~resand
tic 6:17
1l:lrl
t o its kind" and every domesticc animal accord- Lc
* P I S O21 5
ArnonR
tile don~estic nnimds and among the
Cc H:l
.ier .l.ImZJ
img to its kind and evely creeping animal that
~rjildbcasls atLldamong dl the swarms that w r e
creeps an the earth according te its kind and
n
,,,,
~ 2,::,
t I 39 swarming upon the earth, and all mankind."
I j c P t i l f i ':2Everyil~in~
every flying creature of the heavens according
in which the breath' of t h e force
to its kind, every bird," every winged c~witP~re.'~ ~ , 1 ~ ~ 0 7:15 of life was activem" in its nostrils of all that were
(;*1D:lo on the dry ground dledBb'"h~ts
'"nd
they kept going to Noah inside the ark, a,
he wiped out
two 31y two, of every sort of flesh- in which the ";6h
I every existing thjng that was on the surface of
force of life was active.do la And those going in, f;.","s:;i"
the ground, from man to beast, to creeping anil m f ' n ~mal nnd to flylng creature of the heavens, and
male and female of every sort of flesh, went In, 1 1 ~1,16:4
,l'*l";p,,:iq
just as God had commanded hi1~1.After tllat E: fi:?
174 : # I :ri thry \vtrrc wiped off thc earth, and only Noah
$ 1 I Lb id\
ML 2'i:ZO
Jehovah shut the door behind him."
I
I
:i11(1those who rverc with him in t h e ark kept on
J.u :';3:.10
jI I ~ I I I
LDc .t1.27
:4,21,
I
I
.
'
I
surviving.12 "'nd
the waters continued over17 And the delugee went on for forty days 1.s i C , $
mhclmit~g
the
earth
a hzmdred and fifty days,
;i;,;;i;
.r
n
v
L
upon the earth, and the waters kept increasing
i],'l"2
1 it<
After that God remembered"oah3
and
l i t ' 9:1
and began carrying the ark and it was Boating cl&(:i$
',(ir: { T , g
every ~vilrlb e ~ s and
t ~ every domestic" anihigh above the earth. And the waters became $:j:]:?t?
P:X 2 ~ : 1 0
ma1 that was with 11lm En the ark and God
a "Second month." This b~camethe eighth inonth i t ) the new cnlen'G@11:1 cnused a windqta paas over the earth' and the
C:C n : l i
dar that Jehovah gaTe the Iemdites nt their exodus from 3SgqpZ
:.I:?( 2 , 2 1
walcrsVbegan to subside." a And the fountains
1-u 1.1.21
nnd i t eamr to he called "Bnl'', the mnnth that ~ n r r w p n d nr v ~ l l a
r
of the Ifwatercanopy1:and the floodgates("of the
the lnffpr half of Oetoher nnd first hnlf of Sovelllh~r. lirnre thr
1I ,1, ~g
month E;thanirn [or Tizri) u-ns the fiwt luontll n c t . d ~ ; . d i ~to
~gt l w
I~eavensQ~carnestopped up and so the down( ; L > TR9.&
:~I .
nncient calmtkar befare tbe ~rodna,b l'arent water mnnpy."' Or,
pour fmm the heavens was
And

in the

second month," on the seventeenth day

of the month, on this day dl the fountains of
the great water canopyb mere broken open and

Zj?

,:,

?(;:I

to agree ~ t t bh Hebrew
~
\vo~+dnt Gctlc*.~-:
reads "the a b p the Vg, :'the great nbykq.'' Arcording to ?;en.et;ia 1 : 7 these mnst hnrc been the " W ~ ~ P I ' Jtllnt
should he almvp the expanse". CLiterally, "the windon's." L S X .
*Ithp cat~raet~."d Lite~allr, which the spirit (or,nntire Pnrcr)
of life tms.'' #Or,"heavenly ocean." So, too, in veraeg li,7, 10,
"rnnuy surging waters."

1:2 . The

I,itrrnlly, "in wlrich t l t ~breath of the spirit (or, nctive fnl-ce)

uP lifr? ms." b''IViud." H ~ h m n .rrr'tiblr, ~ ~ 1 1 i chna
h a l r e a d ~h w l
t l.nnelnted nu ' r e t i ~ el'ornt~'', " hrceq- part." nnd "spirit". c " W n t ~ r
pnno ,r.'TI-rc L.YS anti V g wnd "nhyss''. See Qenersis 7: Il, footnutub: &
l(vintion~.af

or,

GENESIS 8:GI1

53

52

the waters began receding from off the earth,)

progressively receding," and at the end of a Izundred and fifty days3 the waters were laclting.' :%:$$
"nd in the seventh month," on the sevententh
I

day of the month, the arke came to rest on the me4:fB

130 10:30
mountain3 rangeCof Ar'a.~at.~And the waters 0*2KI
1937
kept on progressively lesseningd until the tenth ;(%;?;
monthmnIn the tenth menth,'von the flrst of
the month, the tops of the mountains appeared.
6 So it occurred t h a t at the endEof forty days
20:@
Noah proceeded t o open the window3 of the ark
which he had made. After that he sent out a
raven' and jt continued flying ~utdoors,~
going .$c;;+;t
3S:.ll
and returning, until the waters dried ofl the dnb
PJ 147:fl
earth.
8 Later he sent out from hfm a dove" to see
yJ;8
whether the waters had flo.rved ofSa from the
ID:*
surface of the ground.' 8And the dove did not
find any resting place for the sole of its faot"*De~:AJ
and so it returned to him into the ark because
the waters were yet upon the surface of the
whole earth. At that he put his hand0 out nnd :GQQ:E
took it and brought it t o himself insjde the ark." eMt 11:2R
l o And he went on waitin?
still another seven "" 40:"
days and once again he sent out the dove from
t l ~ eark. If Later on the dove came to him about
the time of evening" and, look! there was an tce"B:'
m"Prngres~ive1~receding." Litemllp, ''going nnrf rcarrlina."
b ' % v v r ~ t h~nonth?' 14 h'oah's clng this rnrrenparrr!cd nith tlic i~tstltll
Nfqan, o r khib, the first Jewish month l'rnrii tlia rsr,dea on.
Niann corrc~~ontls
nith the lntter haIf of 1Inrcll nnd the Hr~thnlf
of April, * Or, "the mountain^." d Lit~rally,'(gnitlg nnd I ~ ~ s c ~ u i n g . ' '
* "l'pnth mor~th."In Noah's day this correu1)onrled with thn rno~ltll
Tnml~uz,
the fourth month in the J C W ~ R ~cnlenrlnr
I
nftcr t11e exodug,
Tnmmne corresponds with the latter 1 i ~ l f of J u n ~and the Ii~..st
hnlf of July. Literally, L'continnrd ping out." litrrnllp, "hnd
dirtlinished,"
f

GENESIS 8 :12-20

C&mll
oliveoQleaf freshly pluclced in its bill and so
rlh;e 8:15
Noah got t o Icnow that I l ~ ew ~ t e r shad flowed
'"927~14 offa from the earlh. "And he went on waiting'
still another seven days. Then he sent out the
dove, but it did not eonze back again t o him any
more.
WeFlf
13 NOW 1n the SIXh~tndredand first year,' in
the first month,h on the first clay of the month,
it came about that the ~vatershad drainedc from
off the earth and Noah proceeded to remove the
'covering of t h e ark and to look, and here the
surface of the ground had drained dry. dnA%'
in the second month, on the I wenEg-seventh day
of the month, the earth had d l - i d off.
13. God now spoke to Noah, saying: Io'Go out
of the ark, you and your wife and your sons
r,rffll:zs
' Gr 25:7 m d your sons' wivesv with you," 3: Every living"
"(:c 7:l
' 1 ; ~2
~
creahlreo that 3s with you of every sort of flesh,
R:lo
among the flyinf ccrentuz~fi nnd among the
h ~ n s t snnd amanE nll the creeplng a n i n ~ n l sthat
creep ~lponihc earth, bring oul: with you, as they
must
swarm in t.he mirth and be fruitful-and
'I:c I :Z2
(:P 1 : ~ become many upon t h e earth."'
I:@
9:1
Gr 9:T
1s At that Noall went out, and also hjs sons
ITS 1m38
PS 121:s and his wife and his suns' wives with him."
l o Every living cmture, every creeping animal
and every flying creature, everything that
creeps an the earth, according to their families
*Ge 7:r4
they went out of t h e nrlc." '"And Noah began to
i 7 build an altar" to Jel~ovahand to take some of
all the clean beasts" and of all the clean flying
1

* Literally, "had dilninished." b <'Fir~t

month." Tllia correspontled
n i t h the month Elhnnim, ur Tizli, thr sav~lltllt ~ ~ o aof
t l t~ h dcryiah
~
ralendar after the exodus. E t l ~ n n i ~ co~~espor~ds
~r
dt h the lntter
Iaalf of September and thc Ribst.half of Ortol~c*r. Or, ''dried."

GENESIS 8 :21-4:6

54

"

creatures and t o offer burnt? offerings upon Fg,2$a

the altar.' *lAnd Jehovah began t o smell a 2;;;;;
restful&odo? and so Jehovah said in his heart: j;.b;!t,n
"Never again shall I c a l l dawn evil upon the j,:c I; I;
Gv l l j 12
ground on man'sDaccount,' because the inelina- ia,
3,:21
1.e 1.9
tEon3 of the heart of man is bad from his youth Lit
26.31
upI* and never again shall I deal every living
thing a blow just as I have done.' 92Forall the r(;c
( ; r t .";
l;*
- days
the earth continues,b seed" sowing and :;;P ,c 3'8:14
I? 7
harvest: and cold and heat, and summer3 and +.;n is:^
winter, and day and night? will never cesrsc."", ;:$?I;:'
And God sent on to bEessC NoahS and hls, !:i;?i:
sons and to say to them: w e h i t f u l and - i;* 1 I-I
become mmy and H
l the earth.A 'And a fear1.lff;kh
of you and a dread of mu wiII continue upon
every living creature- of the earth and upon ;F$'2;:ilo
every flying creature of the heavens, upon every;P
thing that goes creeping on the ground, and J I M.4:7
7:1R
upon all the fishes%f the sea3 Into YOUR hand G.xP I.L::I
they are now given0 Every crwping aninla1 '+;3/;;!F
that is alive may serve as food0 f o r YOU,*As eae I - L : ~ J
in t h e case of green vegetation: I do give It aI1 'Ex"2a
t o YOU. Only flesh9with its soulc0-its blooda- g; :2,i1
YOU must not eata And, besides that, YOUR ;t:j:jyl
blood of YOUR Soulsd shall I ask back. From the Ac fi:20
handa of every living creaturee shall 1 ask it 'GW 1 ~ 0
back; and fmm the hand of rnan,l fFam the "E
;::7
hand of on@ who is his brother, shall I ask yJ,?:$kl
back the soulhof man." a Anyone shedding man's sEz;2z2
blood: by manmm i l l his own Mmd be shed, for "E,Uis::$
'^

.c,"f;,:;::
1b

E;+!

Or, "smtbing; tranquilizing." Literally, 'Tntil all the days of

the earth." Or, ';life?' Hebrew, nepk%esli, the m e as in C;r.n&~
1 : 30, of which see footnotec. Or, 4.1ims.'t* Ot,"every wild b c ~ k . ' '
Hrbrrrr, Ira-a.dnd. g Or, 'Lamm." H ~ h r e tish.
~ , fi "Soul." I-E~l>rew,
psy=ch?.
wepk'esk, the same as at Genesis 2: 7 ;
f

55

$;:;"

.251r
;?;$,;$.a 4

GENESIS 9 :7-16

in God's image" he made man.' And as for YOU

men, be fruitful and become mmy, make the

earth swarm \VYth YOU and become many in it."'

8 And God t v e n h n to say to Noah and to his
:(;a! h:IT
sons with him: "And as for me, here I am
FGQ15:m establishing my covenant3 with YOU men and
:Ccfi;ls
wilh YOUR aflnprinp after you," laand with
evcry living soulh that is with You, among
~ : 1 7fou719,' among b ~ ~ l s m
t sd among all l i v h g creatures of the cnrth with YOLT,from all those going
out of thc ark to every living creature of the
:hm:B earth.o l t Yes, I do estnblish my covenant with
1.35:8
:
YOU : NO more will all flesh be cut off by watersu
c O l n : " 2 of a deluge,o and no mow will there occur a
*I:c H:?l
1.n 5.1 4
deluge to bring the earth to ruin."'
:Lr' 3.7
I"lt
12 And God added: 'This is t h e signMB
of the
Icra 2 , l a
covenant that I Rrn giving between me and
.I.:~
t m
~
YOU and wery Ihing soulh that is with YOU, to
,, ,r.:,,,\:a
15'16
2,:10
the generationso of eternityAc My rainbowo* 1
1.u 1 . 1 : ~ ~do givcfl in thc cloud," and it must serve as a
sign of the covennnt between me and the earth.
'' And it sl~alloccur that when I bring a cloud
over the earth, then fI1e rainbow will certainly
RppeRr in the cloud. '%nd I s h d certainly rer n e n i b ~mi ~y ~covenant which is between me and
%;
!
$
,
J-u 1 ;:!
YOU and every living soul1'among all flesh, and
-tic n:21
1
no more will the waters become a &luge to
l<:#5 1:9
r.rr 3.7
bring all flesh to ruin.' la And the rainbow' must
Ct ;I. 9 13
m u l * in t h e cloud wid I shall certainIy see it
:%As to remember the coven ant of eternity'" beheen
r*1:22
God and every living soul among all flesh that
js upon the carth.''
19

J!41

1 11

i'j

a'{

xz

Or, more litcrnltp,

4crecrl!' b"Sou1." Hebrcw, sspl'esii, the sRme

n t Qcnesi~2 : 7 ; EXY, p~y.cl~F'.
a Or, ,-for generations to time
irld~lltlitc." Or, "I will give.'' * Or, "co~etlauEto time indefinite."
AS

GENESIS 9 :17-27

57

56

17 And God repeated to Noah: "This is the

sign of t h e covenant that I do establish between me and all flesh that is upon the earth.'jc
18 And Noah's sons who came out of the
arks were Shernp and Ham3 and Jaflpheth.QLater
Ham was the father of Ca'naan." 'These three
were Noah's sons,' and from these was all the
earth's populationa spread abroad.'
20 Now Noah started off as a farmerb" and
proceeded to plant a vineyard.* And he began
drinking of the wine" and became
and so he uncovered himself in the midst of his

tent.E 3a Later Hamn the father of Ca'naan saw

his father'so nakedness and went telling it t o his
two brothers outside: 23 At that Shem and
Ja'pheth took aCmantle3 and put it upon both
their shoulders and walked in backwards. Thus
they covered their father's nakedness, while

:'Ge 9:12

;'f;3al

;g;$!

9 25

-Ge 5:32

alCh 1:4
yGe3'23
EC 5 9

"Ex 22:5
1Co 9 : 7
12;8

22; :gjg
$?;j;ls,3
A E P ~5:4

their faces were turned away," and they did

b E % 20:12
not see their father's nakedness.+
Le 18 :7
24 Finally Noah awoke out of his intoxica- kE :%3,2
tione and got to know what his youngest son l T i 5 : 1
had done to him. ?jAt this he said:
S G n~: z g
"Cursedo be Ca'r~aan.~'
3Ge 10:IB
Let him become the Iowest sIavef' to his 3Ge 1 - 1 ~ 5
ZGe 1O:al
b~others.'"
+De 7.1
De 20:17
a8 And he added:
JOG 9:a3
"Blessed be Jehovah, Shem's Gad,"
WI K
e 3.226
9:21
~
And let Ca'naan become a slavee to him." $
;2ch; 8:s
~23
27 l1LetGod grant ample space t o Ja'pheth*
I:"
And let him resideh in the tents of Shem. '""
Let Ca'naan become a slaves to him also."
Literally, "all the earth!' b Literally, "n man of the soil." Literall^, ''the." dLiternlly, "=ere backward." sLit~rnlly, "nne.''
#Literally, %e slave of slares.') 9 Or, "sel~ant,"h Or, 'Tel~t,"or,
'"tabemaole."

GENESIS 9: 28-10 :9

28 And Noah continued to livevhree hundred a d fifty years after the deluge. = 9 0 all
the days of Noah amounted to nine hundred
and fifty years and he died.
%e U:lO
And this is the historyaS of Noah'se sons,
OlCh 1:4
Xhem, Ham and Ja'pheth.
W e 11:5
Now sons0 began t o be born t o them after
QlCh 1:4
the deluge? "The sons of Ja'phetho were Go'AGe 8:13
dEze B:2 mer and Margogo and Marda.i and Jarvan and
Eze 39%
Re ao:8
'ICh 1:5 Tu'bal and Me'shech and Ti'ras.'
@ l C h1:6
3 And the sons of Go'rnere were Ash'keEze 38:8
naz and Ri'phath and To.gar'mah.
*ICh I:?
Isa 66:19
4 And the sons of Ja'van" were E.1i1shah
Eze 27:13
kJer 2:10
and Tar'shish, Kit'timk and D~'da-nirn.~
aEs IO:I
From these the population of the islescOof the
W e 122 llationsOwas spread about in their lands, each
QEr 430
according to its tongue: according to their fam11 1's 42:lO
ilies, by their nations.*
N c 14:s
6 And the sons of HamQ were Cush' and
*lCh 1.8
=1Ch 1:11 Miz'ra.imn and Put and Ca'naan.
.%PS7Z10
7 And the sons of Cush were Se'bah and
CGe 2 9 2
Hav'i.laha
and Sab'tah and Rata.rnah and
1Sa 157
Sab'te-ca.
'1Ch 1:9
Eze 27:22
And the sons of Rda.mah+were She'ba'
5 l K i 103
"Isn2133
and
De'dan."
Eze 2 7 : a
cGe 1l:Zr
8
Arid
Gush became father3 to Nim'rod.# He
*1Ch 1:10
mDe 10:17
made the start in becoming a mighty3 oned Ln
'Job 24:13
the earth." eHe displayed himself a mighty
Job 34:37

10

Or, "the~eare the historical o~igins.')b "Ro'dn.nim," L X X S E L ~ .

Literallyy "From these the isles [of, coastlands]." "A mighty
one," Hebrew, gib.bor', the word that occllrs for the k s t time in
Genesis 6 ;4, nnd here for the second t.me and twice more in rerse 9.

GENESIS 10:1 6 2 1

58

59

huntera in opposition toVehovah." That is ,$

.:?;
why there is a saying, "Just like Nim'rod a ;fi,"F:;
mighty hunter in opposition to" Jel~ovah."~"
;$e;e;:
lo
And the beginning of his kingdoms came t o EGe 20:g
be Ba'be1c4 and E'rech and Ac'cad and Ca1'neh,' in the land of Shi'narP Out of that land 2:$ip:"
he went forth into As.syr'i.ac" and set himself :
;':;
to building Ninfe.veh" and Re.ho'bot11-Ir and
Ca'lah lZ and Re'sen between Ninte.veh and oGell:4
#ZKL 18:36
Ca'lah: this is the great city.'
Isa 37:37
13 And MizPra.im became father to Lur- $2;;~
dimk and Anta.mim and Le.harbim anzd Naphtu'him l4 and Path.ru'sh1 and Cas.lu'hirn .Z.Z~J~$
Eze 30 5
(from among whom the Phi.listtinesM went ~
~
forth) and Capb'to.1-im."
f iAn1
n e 2:23
9:7
15 clnd Ca'naanObecame father t o Si'donT z,"$fj;i
his first-bornn and Heth" Is and the Jeb% sitet gi Ej:l
a n d the Am'or.ite7 and the Girtga.shite l 7 and ng; $;;$
the Hi'viteu and the Ark'ite and the Sin'ite EX 3.8
tJg 1:21
la and the Ar'vad-ite" and the Zemra.rite' and uGe 3 1 2
the Hakath.ite;amd afterward the families of
&:;:
the Ca'naan-ite were scattered. IB
SOthe bound- gg2;,U,$::f7
arf' of he Ca'naan.ite came to be from Si'don bJ","9\%$
as far as Getrar,+near Ga'za," as far as Sod'omG &I; g;:
and Go-mor'raho and Ad'mah* and Ze-boi'im," +C;e 20;1
near La'shaAd'OThese were the sons of Ham 8G~e 26:l
~ 1 6 ~ 1
a c c o r d ~ gto their families, according t o their #EZ5$
Ho 11:s
tongues, in their lands, by their nations.
,
,
:
,
21 And t o Shern,P the forefatherQof all the gg,"g;,"O

,,,

aLitmally, " d g h t y in hunting." bLiterally, "in front of:' but in

tile sense of defiance and opposition to, as i n the case o f the snrne
pspreesion at S u m b e r ~16 : 2 ; 1 Chroniclrs 14:8 and 2 Chronicles
1.1: 10, The L I X rends sx.an.tifoa, generclll-5. meaning "ngainst",
c'rBa'hel~'31EamSy; "Bab;rlon," LXYVg, d h'shn is traditionally
identified TFith Cal.li.rho'e, l m o m i n Bible times a$ Zn%eth-sha'har,
on the e;tstern shore of the Dead sea.

sons of E'ber,k the brother0 of Ja'pheth the

oldestPathere w ~ also
s progeny born. '= The sons
of
Sheml
were
Elamm
and Assb'urn and ArIsa 22:6
AC 2:8
pachrshadr and L u d W d A ' r m ~ . ~
11312
1
4:22
23 And t h e sons of A'ram were UzU and
Eze z:z3
HulV and Ge'ther and Ifash.
1Ch 1:18
24 And Ar-pachrshadbecame father to She'Lu 3 3 6
m a 66.19
lab,"
and She'lah became father to E'ber."
tNu 23:7
tlaob 1:l
25
And to E'ber there were two sons born.
der 25:20
The name of the one was Perleg,bzbecause
rlCh I:I?
FGe 17:12
in his dayso the earthc was divided;' and
rvGe 1122
xGe 11:14
the name sf his brother was Jok'tan.
rGe 1 ~ 1 7
Lu 3 3 5
26 And Jok%anobecame father to Al*De 32:s
Ac 1 7 2 6
mo'dad
and
and Ha.zar.marveth
~
~
' She'leph
,
LlCh f:20 ~
and Jerrah ?7 and Haddram and U'zal
and Dik'lah 28 and D'bal and A.bimPa-el
APa 4B:9
and
She'ba 2 % ~ ~O'phir"
d
and Hav'i.Iaha
tnn 13:1z
aim ??I:?
and Jo'bab; all these were the sons of
Jok'tan.
30 And their place of dwelling came to extend
' ad
rtnomMc'shil as Ear as Se'phar, the mountainous"
'NU
region of the East,'
31 These were the sons of Shem according to
their families, according to their tongues, in
m"clT:2t3 their lands, according to their nationsne
32 These were the families of the sons of
Noah according t o their family descents, by
their nations, and from these the nations were
OGel1:l0 spread about in the earth after the delugen8"
cGe 22:lS
Now all the earthc3 continued t o be of
a,3:9
one language and of one set of wordsad*
*Gel0:10 'And it came about that in their journeying
Ge 14.1
Isa li:li eastward they eventually discovered a valley
plain in the land of Shi'nar' and they went to
"Gel4:fl

SXu 24:24
llCh f:17

mGe 14:l
Isa ~ : I I

$;;;z

iFz

GENESIS 10:22-11 :2

'"

11

~~,~

"

Or, '"the old& brother o f Jrt'pbeth."

Rleanhg "Division ; Part",
Or, ''earth'# population." Or, "one vocabu~ary.~'

GENESIS 11:3-10

60

61

dweaing there. a And they began to say, each

one to the other : "Come on !" Let us make bricks "
;;1":";
and bake them with a burning process.'"^
brick served as stonee for them, but bitumen aGe28:11
served as mortar f o r t3iern.* ' They now said:
"Come on! Let us build ourselves a city3 a n d G e 1 3 : n
also a towerg with its top in the h e a v e q e and :$5:i;1
let us make a celebrated namea' f o r ourselves,- z;g;&
for fear we may be scattered over all the sur- 43*!;F;
OGe s : ~
face of the earth."@
Ps B2:9
5 And Jehovaho proceeded to go d o ~ tno see ok;;
:
;
the city and the tower that the sonsC of men CGe m i 6
32:37
had bui1t.O" After that Jehovah said: "Loolr!
They are one peoplec and there is one language
f o r Them all, and this is what they start to do, $;$,
Why, now there is nothing that they may31:,!;$
scheme to do that will be unattainable for L U I : ~ ~
1 C O 1-19
them.* Come now! Let usngo down and there aGe
I:$
e 3:22
confuseA their language that they may not Gpr8:30

-el474

OPs 2g:lo

E;t:::f

1:l
Iisten tob one another's language.jJ0 According- AJJOh
ob 512
ly Jehovah scattered them from there over all g22'm
the surf ace of the earth; a n d they gradually left og
!"O::io
42:23
off building the city, That is why its name Ge
ne 28.6g
was called E ~ ~ ' b ebecause
l , ~ ~ there Jehovah had F:Fz:?5
confused the language of all the earthd and ~
~
~
Jehovah had scattered them from there over all :"$:ti
Re 1&;2
the surface of the earth,
10 This is the historyea of Shem.B
om I 197
glch
I : ~
Shem was a hundred years old whenf he be-

Or, "mnke a monmnent.'' b Or, "understand.'' e In Akkadian Babill^, meaning '<Gate of Uod". AIoses derives "Batbel" from the root
verb ba.lrrl' ("to confuse; confound"), so giring it the meaning
llConfu&on", LXX, B G y ~ u a t(Syn'kRy.sis),
~
meaning "Confusion";
SpTg, LLBa'bel." d Or, "earth's population." 'Or, "These are the
bist01ica1 origins," Or, "and.'>
a

LU 3:36

GENESIS 11:11-20

came father to A r . p a c h r s h a d two years3 after

the deluge.' And after his producing Ar.pach'shad Shem continued to live five hundred sears,
Meanwhile he became father t o sons and daugh12 And Ar.nachtshadalived thirty-five years.

*;P&js Then he becake father to ~he'lah."-~%~n$

after
his producing She'lah Ar.pack'shad continued
to live four hundred and three years, Meanwhile
he became fathcr to sons and daughters,
14 And Sheqlah lived thirty years. Then he
"~~~~~ became father t o E'ber." And after his prom~1:18 ducing E'ber She'lah continued to live four h ~ m 1Ch 1:28
~u3:35 dred and three years. Meanwhile he became
father to sons and daughters.
16 And E'ber lived on for thirty-four years.
Then
he became father to Pe'leg.' " And after
t~p;;?;?~
i c h 1:25 his producing Peleg E'ber continued t o live four
I ,!I a:%
hundred and thirty years. Meanwhile he became
father to sons and dar~ghters,
18 And Pe'leg lived on for thirty years. Then
"'Ch1:25
tu 3 :35

he became father to Re'u.' l%d after his producing Re'u Pe'leg continued to live two hundred and nine years. Meanwhile he became Sather to sons and daughters.
~ 20 : And ~Re'u lived
o
on for thim-bvo years.

In the L X X ( A ) rwsea 12 and 13 read: (12)drA1ldA~.pach'shad

lired .a hnnilred and thirty-fire yews nnd hecamc+f n t h c r to Ca.i'nan.
(13) And after his producing Cn-i'nan Ar-pactch'shad lived four
hundred and thirtv years and l ~ e c n n ~father
e
t o qons nnd daughtei-s, and he died. And Ca.irnan lired a. ttunilred nnd thirty yenrs
and became father to S l ~ e ' l ~ hAnd
,
a f t ~ rhis producing She'Iah Ca.ikna lived three h~mdredand thirt;r. years and becalr~e
fnther to sons and daughters, and he di~d.l'It is likely flwrn this
sonpee that Luke made 1Gs inscrtioa~ of the nzme o f Ca.irnan in
between the rimes of She'Iah nnd Ar-pnch'sbad in Jesus' earthly
lineage, at Luke 3 : 36.
a

GENESIS 11:21--31

62

Then he became father to S e ' r ~ g "

. ~And after
his producing &'rug Re'u continued to live two
hundred and seven years. Mecult\-hile he became
lather to sons and daughters.
22 And Se'rug lived on for thirty ycars. Then
he became father to Na'hor,' a
W
A
n
dnfter his
producing Nst'hor Se'ru~contInueA to live two
l~undredyears. Meanwhile he became fnther t o
sons and daughters.
24 And Na'hor lived on for twenty-nine
years. Then he became father t o Te'ralq.'' ' U n d
after his producing Te'rah Na'hor continued t o
live a hundred and nineteen ycars. Meanrvhile
he became father to sons and daughters.
26 And Te'rah lived on for seventy yeam,
after which he became father to A'b~-arn,~
Saphor" and Ha'ran.'
27 And this is the historyno of Te'rah,
TeFrah became father' t o A'bram,YNn'hor
and Ha'ran, and Ha'ran became father t a Lot,=
a X ~ t e rHa'ran died while in company with
Te'rahb his father in the land of his birth,
in Uf of the C h a l - d e ' a n ~ .And
~ ~ " A'bram
"
and
Na'hor proceded to take wive@ for themwlves.
The name of A'bram's wife was Sar'ai,' while
the name of Na'hor's wife was Mil'cah,'the
daughter of RaFran,the father of Mil'cah and
father of Ts'cah. But Sar'ai continued to be
tsarren; she had no chiIcl.
31 After that Te'rah took A'br~m111s son and
Lot, the son of Ha'ran, his grandson,and Sar'ai"
his daughter-in-law, the wife of A'bram his son,
Or, **these nre the historicnl orjdne.'
lirvcd.?' Litm11y3'"fare the f a c ~ o fTc'r-ah."

Or, " w h i l ~Te'rnh still

8 Or,"'I'r of Chnl.dr'n."

63

GENESIS 11:32-12: 7

and they went l~ltl.1hima out of Ur of the

Cl~al&'e'wns~t o go to the Imd of Ca'naanec In
time they came to H.la'rnn and took up cln.elling
there. 3?Andthe days oC Te'mh came to be two
hundred and five years. Then Te'rah died in
Ha'raan.
..Tog 24:3
And Jel~ovahproceeded to say t o Atbram:
AC
H &7:3
II:B
"Go your wny out of your co~ultryand
Re 18:4
';@":14
from your relativesr rind from the houseo of
POUT fatherr' t o tllc country thnt I hall show
Gel514 you,* ? and I s11aII makc a weal nationp out of
Gesy16
you and I shall blcss" you and I will make your
G e 13.4
"Ge 13126 namee great; ant! prove yourself a blessjng."
, , 1557 And I will bless those ~vhobless you, and him
ric
1
that calk d o ~ evil
n upon you I shall curse, and
4
$5 11
1 ; ~ 4 : 3 all the families of the w u n d will certainly
!:% 1 i
I w 26:5
bless themselvesd by means of you,"'
*(rm*x
;C R
32
~ 92 2
4 At that A'br~mtvent just as Jehovah had
r s l 1:1:3
spoken t o him, ~ n d
Lot w m t with him, And
,:\!;l":;dO A'hram was sevcntp8ve years old when he
;; ; went out from Hapran." So A'hram took Sar'ai"
r : c ~ 6 : 1 /his wife and Lot the son of his brotl~erand a11
I the property that they hnd accumulated and
cc 1714 the souls"Cwl~ornthey had acquired in Ha'ran,
and they got on their way out l o go t o the land
of Ca'naan. Finally they came t o the land of
Ca'naan. "And h'bram went on through the
land as far as the site of Shc'chem,r near the
&fl:m big trees of M o ' r ~ h ,and
~ at that time the Ca'';= 155
.naan.itc was in the l ~ n d . J C ~ O Vnow
F L ap~~

12

it^?' The 11a~oretichex t rrndn 'bttlcn~h'

hrtac. But tlte fir reeds :
"Ire went out with them," Thr Hnmr~rsitn~~
'I-)~nlr~trueh,
LXX n i ~ d
Yg read : "He led thma nut." Or, L I L rof
~ Cl~nl.dt~'ri.'* Or, 6 1 h n ~ ~ t ~ . j
d Or, "will Ile blessed," U S V g , * Or, " H ~ I ~ v I ~ s .I"IC~XPW,
~1~pl~'~.ck
P d A X X , ps?y.cT~P'.Tbr anme a3 at I i ~ n ~ r'3i :s 7. In tbr ~ i n r n l a ~r ~ n t n l m - ,
I ~ n in
t the collectlre wtlse. 3 h'ua (lac r r i k ~f Sn'hln~.

GENESIS 12;&I5

65

64

peared to A'bramc and said: "To your seedAPn $2:::;

I am going to give this land."+ After t h ~ he
t ~;;$;:;;5
built an altar' there to Jehovah, who hncl np az;jb
p e a r 4 6 him .Later he r n c d
10I:m
the mountainowP region to the east of Beth'el - 1 -.1I,* ~1.4;lO
3:3
;(I

and pitched his tent" with Beth'el on the west .::;.!:;::

and A'i an the east. Then he b t ~ iRn
l ~ l t athere
r
I;;;,!,"$
t o Jehoval~and began t o call 01.1 the name"
Jeh0vah.O" Afterward A'bram brolct; camp, rr 1.4 ~r
going then from encnmpment to encampment
f it. 2~,:1.1
to the Neg'eb."
xu 2 1 . 1
10 Now a famine3 arose in the lmcl and
A'bram made Ms way clown toward EgypF to -G1 5 : ~ s
residec there awhile, because the famine nwR E
:;E:;",
severe in the land.' l1 And it came hut that as E; y?3
soon as he got near to entering Egypt, then he ;Q~;;:~
said t o Sar'ai his: wife: "Pleasc, now! I well ~ \ ~ 7 : 1 1

z:;J2

Isnow you are a \vomanc beautiful In Rppenr- -'2C 2't'5

nnce.' '30
it is bound t o happen that the Egyp- ",rii El7
t i ~ n swill see you and will say: 'This is his
wife.'O And they will certainly killo me, 'but you r GGCe 18:3
20:11
they will preserve' alive. " Please s ~ you
y
are w e 4 x 3 5
my sister,O in order that it may go well with me %e 312
on your account, and m y sould wlll be certain
'Ge
~e m:la
7'3.0
Ea live due -toyou."*
14 50 it happened that as soon as A'bram
entered Egypt t h e Egyptians got t o see the
woman, that she was very beautiful. Is And the
2:14
prlncesp of Phar'aohP" also got to see her ~lndL4\Ex
G as:l
~
they began praising her to PI-lar'aoh,"so that

Or, L'offspiing; posteritp?'

Or, "dcclnr~ (prenoh) the nnmc?'

Or, tile ~outh,"Tllnt irr, the R O U ~ ~ P I - 1 1 part of

P n l ~ r i t i n ~ ,"Sod." Hebrew, ~ 1 p P h t e a 7;~ J,.LT, p ~ ! / ~ ~ ~ l r *B "Phar''.
t~ol~.''
EI-~ere,in chapter 12, is the flmt inatnnrr wlwrr Phnr'noh
nyqlmrs. and thet without the definite nrtirl~,1'mnl tlro ntnrt.
See Rxodus 34: 3.

GENESIS 12:16--13:6

the woman was taken to the house of PhafLggig

~ 9 2 9 aokaA
And he t r e ~ t e dA'bram well on her
la

account, md he came to have sheep" and cattle

and asses and rncnservants%ad maidscrvnntso
TGe2-1.10 and she-asses and
"Then Jehovah
Ge 24:35
touched Phar'wohn and his household with great
plaguesVbecnuse of Snr'ai, A'bram's wife.'
Tz,"g:f8
1 C h 1 6 : a la
With that Phas'aoh called Atbram and said:
"WIlat is this you have done to me? Why did
'-Ga26:10 younot tell m e t l ~ a st l l e t ~ y
~ ~~ us r w i f e ? ~ ~ V h
did
you
say,
'She
I
s
my
sister,'"
that I was
*pe%:Zi,
, about to take her as my wife? A nsod now
here is
your wife. Take her and go!" a0 And Phar'aoh
issued comma?~dsto men concerning him and
' P 5 1 t ~ : ~they
~
went escortingwhim and his wife m d nll
that he hadat)
Fallowing that A'bmrn went up out of
.c.mr
.rnn 10;40
Egypt, he and his wife and a11 that he
?::n;!iq El had, and Lot with him, to the Nq$;'eb.cs And
A'hrarn was well stockrd 1~1thherds ~ n silverw
d
i t ; , &21 ;,9
I ;. 1
.
and gold.ou ' And he made his way from encarnp(:c
,,L. 26.14
S.18
ment t o encampment out of the Neg'ebc and to
Eethkel? to the place where his tcnt had been
:?Jt6y::29
at first between Belh'el and A'iP * to the place
.Icr 49:3
1x3
of
the altar that h~ had made there originally,
r ; 21
~ :33
G ~ E : E and A'hrnm prmcded to calId there ond the
cG"13:5

13

+
:

6C;e
~ ; 175
G:13
e

'Ge 2 0 ~ x 4

'17c 25.27

nameo of Jehovah.:
5 Now Lot, who was traveling with A'bram,
also onrnedsheepCand cattle and tents.+ So the
Iancl did not: allow for them to clwell all together,
because their properties had become many and

'6Phar'~ah." Here, in chnpfer 12, is tho Rr~tinatnnco where Phartr~ohappears, and that ~ \ i t l ~ o utlic!
t d r f i n i t ~m.tivlr, from the stnrt.
b The Sam&tan Pentntcucli and I . S Y ( A ) ndd: "and h t r i t h
him" C Or, "the sout11." 'jlhnt in, t l ~ c~outhrrn prrt of Pnlwtine.
d Or, hcpmcccderlto dccInw (pr*.ncl~)
tll~tv."
a

GENESIS 13:7-l5

66

they were n& able to &wll all together? A n d EGe 36:7

a quarrel arose between the herders of A'bram's
livestock and the herders of Lot's livestock," "G,e,::$
0
and at that time the Ca8naan.ite and t h e Per'iz- 3 ~ 3:3
zite were dwelling in the land? Rmce A'lsrarn *',e::$
said to Lot: "Please, do not let any quarreling
continue beb~eenme and you and between my
herdsmen and your herdsmen, for we men are 1
brothers.* 1s not the whole land available toa
you? Please, separate from me. IT you go to the Ae 7:26
left, then I will go to the right; but if you go ?J"O'2":o"
t o the right,^ then I will go to the left."" So pGe
PRO 24:49
12:ls
Lot raised his eyes and saw the whole districtM &4;:\!
of the Jordan," t h a t all of it was a well-watered G e 3z:lo
region before Jehovah destroyed Sod'omD and oGe 14:9
Go.rnorFrah,' like the gardencc of Jehovah," like ::2,":%10
5E:3
the land of Egypt as far as Zorar.a* " Then Lot Isa
Joe 2:3
selected for himself the whole districtb of the
Jordan, and Lot moved his camp t o the east. So og~:;~
they separated the one from the other. A'bram
dwelt in the land of Ca'naan, but Lot dwelt
among t h e citiesg of the District.b+Finally he :g:t::g
pitched tent near Sod'orn. '"nd
the men of
Sod'orn were bad and were gross sinnerso %&:3,8
2 ~ z:6
e
against Jehovah."
Jude 7
14 And Jehovah said to ArbramDafter Lot @cel4:19
had separated from him: "Raise your eyes,c Ge16:4
please, and look from the place where you are,
northward and southwards and eastward and
westward,fq9ecause all the Iand at which you
15:s
are looking, to you and ta your seedso I am go-

ing to .give it forever.@ l%d I will cmditute

your seed like the d u e particles of the earth,
so that, if a man could be able to count the
dust partides of the earth, then your seed could
be numbered.' l7 Get up, travel about in the land
through its length and through its breadth, because to you I am going to give it." Is So A'bram
continued to live in tents." Later on he came
and dwelt among the big trees of Marn're,O
which is in He'bron,O and there he proceeded t o
build an altar0 ka J e h ~ v a h . ~
Now it came a b u t in the days OFAm'ra.phel kingdo of ShiFnar,OArfi.och kingd
of El.lalsar, Ched.or.la.o'mer kingd of E?am,'
and TYdal king" of Goirim,"= that these made
waP with B ' r a king "of Sod'om: and with Bir'sha kingd of Go.mortrah,O Shi'nab khgQf Adprnah,mand Shern-e'ber king" d Ze.boitim,"and
the kingd of Berla (that i s to say, Zo'ar) .* All
these marched as allies t o the ValIey of Sid'diim,f
that is, the Salt sea."'
4 Twelve yearsC they had served Ched.or.la~ ' r n e r but
, ~ the thirteenth year they rebelled.g
And in the fourteenth year Ched-or.la.armer
came, and also the kings who were with him,
and they inflicted defeats on the Reph'a-imo in
Ash'te.roth-kar.nalim,- and the Zu'zim3 in Ham,@

;g

a Literally, "whole land before." b Or, " B a ~ i a >

Hebrew,
~
hr'k.krsrt,
The (~vnghlycircular) territory of Lower Jordan (around Je1.icho), c "Paradise," LXXSFY~. d-"Zo"an," ST. e Or, "toward tha
Heg'eb." Literally, "toward the [M~ditenanean]sea.'> g Or, "offspring; posterity."
f

14

Or, "giw it until time indefinite."

Or, "A'hram vent sbont pitch-

ing his tent." C The I - I e b r e ~plw.ase here translated 'LSow it came

shout in the days oftJ occurs six times all together in the Hebrew
tcxt, here and at Ruth 1:1; Esther 1: 1; Isaiah 7:1; Jeremiah
1 : 3 ; and, with an insert, 2 Snr~luel21:1.It points to a period of
trial ending in blescjing, d "1G11g."H e b r e ~ wdobecb.
,
Here, in rhapler 14,is lrhere the title ''king" appenrs for the first time, ~ 3 r dthat
without the definite article in Hebrew, hat follow-ed by n proper
noun in the g~niliverelationship. &, "nationa,lJ I;XXVg. Or,
f

"Valley of the l'ields."

GENESIS 14:6-13

68

and the E'mirnx in Sha'veh-kir.i.a.thatimj * and rDe 220

z:12
the Ho'rites" in their mountain of Se'ir, down to *De
W e 169
*Ge
21:21
El-pa'ran," which is at the wilderne~s.~Then h'u 12:16
3:s
they turned about and came to En-mish'pat, that WHab
e 16:14
20:l
is, K a ' d e ~ h ,and
~ defeated the whole country of NDeu 1:19
t h e A.mal'ek.itesAand also the Am'ar.itesc who OGe 1k21
AGe 36:12
ayeredwelling in Haz'a-zon-tarmar.@
Ex 17:Z
1k.13
8 At this point the king of Sod'om went on h-u
1% I5:2
b2Ch 205
the march, and aIso the king of Go.morfsah and
the king of Ad'mah and the king of Ze.boi'irn
and the king of Be'la (that is t o say, Zo'ar),
and they drew up in battle order against them
14:3
in the Valley of Sid'dim,' "gainst Ghed.or.1a.o'- +Ge
Ge 1923
mer king of E'lam and Tipdalking of Goi'im and
Am'ra-phel king of Shi'nar and Ar'i-och king
of Ella'sar; four kings against the five.' lo Now WGe 14:I
the Valley of Sid'dim was full of bitumenx pits, G 11:s
and the kings of Sod'om and Go.rnwrrahtook t o
flight and went falling into them," and those
19:17
who remained fled to the mountainous3 region.' OGe
#Ge 19:3
"Then the victorsb took all the property of
41:&
Sod'om and Gomor'rah and all their food" and We
*Ge 14:16
went on their way.* l aThey also took Lotn the Ge 14:21
19.7
son of A'bram's brothef and his property and 3Ge
W e ll:X
Ge
125
continued on their way. He was then dwelling
AGe 1312
in Sod'om."
Ge 19:l
13 After that a man who had escaped came
e 39:l-i
and told A'bram the Kebrew.ca He was then W
+Ge 13:lS
Ge 1S:l
tenting among the big trees of Mam'ret the 8X.k 1036
Nu 21:21
A m ' ~ r ~ i tthe
e , ~brother of Eshkol* and brother of xh-u
13:23
325
A'ner,' and t h e y were confederates%of A'brarn, * Nu
l C h 650
'Literally, "therbeinto."kliterally, "Then they:' that is, the vietors. = "Eebrew." This is the Brst occurrence of the designation in
the Scriptnrea, We neat flnd it a t Genesis 30; 14,17, d Literally,
"they were olners (masters, 6atnl.i??z') of a covenant.''

GENESIS 14:I d 2 0

69

l4 Thus A'bram got t o hear that his brother'

had been taken captive.O With that he mustered
his trained men, three hundred and eighteen
slaves born" in his household,a%a~ldwent in, pursuit up to DanP 1"d
by night he resorted to
dividing his forces,O he and his daves? against
them and thus he defeated them and kept in
pursuit of them up to Ho'bah, which is northb
of Damascus.' And he proceeded to recover
all the property, and he recovered also Lot his
brother and his property and also the women
and the peoplePm
17 Then the king of Sod'om went out to meet
him' after he returned from defeating Ched.orla.ormer and the kings that were with him, t o t h e
Valley of Sha'vehtc that is, the king's valley.*
la And Nel.chiz'e.dek* king of Sa'lem" brought out
breado and wine,P m d he was priesta3of the Most
High f20d.e~l a Then he blessed him and said:
1
1

;I#

l!b.lA

l;r? 1 5 5

.:I's

8 3 : ~

NU 103
'-Ge16~12
CLe 27:30
(

Ge W :22
1,e

"Blessed be A%ramc of the Most High God,e

Producerf of heaven0 and earth,*
20 "And blessed be the Most High God,e
who has delivered your oppressors0 into
your hand!"o

r ; : ~At

that A'bramg gave him a tenthhO of every-

thing4
" S l a ~ e sborn in his household." They were childl-en of slnces nttd
were not bought with maney. bLiterally, '&tothe left:' that is,
vhen ene faces east, c Or, "Valley of the Level (Plain ) ." This valley T a s nem Sa'lem ur Jerusalem. d This is the first occurrence of
the word "priest" in *the Hebrew Scliptures. idGod." The Hebrew
word here is, not El.o.lrina', but El, and that without the definite
nrtlcle, even thuugIi El is followed by the adjectire 'eZ.~&t', mwnin$ "Most High". "Prod~~cer."Tlie LXX and Vg read, 'i~l-l~o
created." But at verse 22 S'g reads, "Poxsessor." g f i h s l l p , "he."
Or, "tithe:' The f i s t mention of the tithe or tenth.
a

so

GENESIS 14:21-15 :4

GENESIS 15:5-13

71

70

but one who will come out of your own M y *

21 Mer that the king of Sod'om said to

A'bram: "Give me the souls,a but take the

p r o ~ e r t yfar )~~ul-self."+
22 At this A%mm said 'Ge 14:U
to the kingmof Xod'om: "I do lift UP my hand "e17:6
21:23
In nn oath* t o Jehovah the Most Hlgh God,"
Produccrc of heaven and earth,* ?a thal., from s 'gi z?iF
Ihrend to a sandal lace, no, I shall take nothing
from anything that is yours," in onkr that you '$z$sG6
may not: say, 'It was I who made A'hrm rich." ' m=:12
14 Nothing for me! Only what the young men
h ~ v ea1mady eaten, and the share of the men
who wmt wit11 me, A'nar, Esh'col and Mnm'relet them take their share.":
hs_c>~&:
After these things the ~vord5of Jehovah"
cnme t o A'brarn in a isi ion,^ saying: "Do
not fear,a A%ram.I am a shield"' for you. Your
reward wllP be very great."" At this A'bram
said : "Lorde JehovahJmwhat will you give me,
seeing that I am going childless' ~ n the
d one
who ~ v i l lpossess my house is a man of Dnmascus, E.li.e'zer?"a And A'bram added: "Here you
have given me no seed,gC and here a son of my
household" is succeeding me as heis."* "~ut
here the word of Jehovah to him was fn these
words: "This man wiII slot succeed you ~s heir,
"@
'

15

"Souls.)' Hrhrew, s ~ ~ p h ' e s hi n, the ~ingulnrnanihcr, hut cclllectivcly ; l,lira YK rind Sy read " ~ a ~ l l si' ' 11111 IrdYX TCIII~H "IIIDIY". b L r G ~ d , ) '
Xcc torlnsrs18-20, footnote". "Produmr." Reo rprme 19, footnotef.
d Or, "1 run n s b i ~ l dfor yon, gnur rtaIy ~ r c n t~~eu~nrrl'"
to agree
lritll
14s ngai~istL a * . e.'Lnrd!' ll~.hrcw,~l.lln.rit~y',menuing
4*.\Znst~r"'or "1,ord". This is the 5rst occurrenoF of the tit.le.
A.rio.wntlr ilt in the plural of ~ x c c l l r n c r . "Jcl~nsnh."Herc the name
i, vowtbl-poinkwl to read P~.ho.wilr',Iletnnarrr i t follom A.do.naYJ.
wlrirh !inn the rowel points o f "Jeliovnh". I n Pact, it: is rlaim~dthat
the v o ~ r points
~l
of "Jehovnh" were m e r ~ l yhorro\vcd from A.donrt)/'. I-l4lrc the vowel points of Yr.knw~Ela%nl.almwowed from Ek.0kina' ("Ckotl"), S Or, ''offspring; p~aterity,'~

~vtcljlll succeed you as heir.""

*g:G U$7;;;
:I:~~

5 H e now brought him outside and said:

L
~
o~l zplease,
t o the henvensp nnd count the
Pr J ~$~ ' l~' n )~ ~ L :~ tip,
~
8farsqa
ff
you
are
possibly able t o c o ~ m them."
t
Iclh !?;:23
I
And
he
went
on
to
say t o him: "So your seedb
Ilcb 11:1a
a;,.
:rs lo will become."'; And he put iaithcOin Jehovah,C ' ; " ' ; b a n d he proceeded to count it to him as righteo~~sness.O'Then he added to him : "'Iam Jeho$::;:4;
%who brought you out of Ur of the Cha1.de'; ; v&,
Rns
to give you this l ~ n dta take it in posscs;1;$Zp;8
4.13 ~ o r ? h s10n.''~nTo this he said: ''Lord Jehovnh,a by
it4 I 4 ?!,
w h ~ shall
t
1 know that T s h ~ l tnke
l
It in posses,
+ :
*[;v
N c n1 :: 7' : ~
~ion?"~~Inturnhesaidtchim:'T~akeform
l:qlm:ll
4.1.7
. three-year-old heifer and a three-year-old shel . , . ,.. . .l . I
goat0 mrl a ~ y e a ~ * - - aramo
l d and a turtle$
:p2:g3
R
1.1 I
dove and a young pigeon." So he took a13 these
t.ta 1:IH
to himself and cut them fn two and put each
M:ts part of them so as to match the other,' but the
14:4
yntlng birdso he did not cut in pieces." And the
l:1./
Z~ir.clsof prey began t o clescend upon the carcass' If
P S , ~but A'brarn kept driving then1 away,
( 1 2
12 After a while the skinQwas about t o set,
:v 2:?1
and
a deep sleep fell upon A'brarn,O and look?a
Is,,2ir 12
lm.u
1 ~ 2 1 fsightfi~flygreat darI<nmsrv'was falling upon
cn 16 15 him. l a And he began to say t o A'bram:" "You
may know for sure that your seed v-Ill become
23:d
a temporaryG resident in a lancl not tlleirs, and
h~B,:!{~m they will have to serve them and these will cert\c 7<!3
tainly amict them for four hundrecl years.Jd
-,;,
E.4)

if.

4mfd~1
~ 1 ~ 4 1

j L

16130tly."Jliternlly, "botrds." Or, "off~pring;posh-ity." 0 "Pnt

I'nill~." Tlti8 i s the llr~t~iwntionof ~ I I P~ . Y I , I ' I . ~ of
S ~ ~ f:~ilL,1t11c1 pi'ttpi.rly FU, ~ P F ~ I BWoru~ris
P
4: 11 I)ronotlmes Rl~rnti~nt
"tltc f n t h o f
r r l l t l ~ o nIl~tvi~ig
~
faikh", d Thc src~nrl ot!our1-@n~oof thn liebrew
~.otr\bitiutiart~.tbo.rto~'
Peoho.+oih'. See vewr 2, foaleoteb~'~
f. a ('Rle,"
.1II,SSYg ; "yoursc'lfjt>Sy, Literdlp, "'A i'tight of grpnt dnrknr6u!'
a

73
But the nationB that they will serve I am

mae17:5

judging? and after that they will go out with ~

~ ~
much prope1itSr.O I 3 A s for you, you will go to :I;$;:&
your forefathers in peace;" you will be buried at er.. ~ : . g
a good old age." I%ut in the fourth generationc:?<::?r:,
they will return here,* because the iniquity9 of 'PRY
n ~ 1n:ns
G:?:
e
the Am"or.ites'has not yet come to completion," . i I k l z1 3
17 The sun was new setting and a dense darkness came and, look! a smoking7 furnace and a m~l&ls
fiewtorch that passed in between these pieces.'
i!i2"
l9 On that day Jehovah concludeda with A'bram
a c~venaslt,~'
saying: 'TOyour seed I rx*jlE give
+?g2
this land, from t h e rives' of Egypt2 to the great :$3,; : :
river, the river &-phra'tes :"
Ken'itesGf g : ~ ~ ; ; : ~
and the Ken'iz-zitesand the Kad'mon.ites 2 R and c y ! 2.1:21
the HitYitesc and the Perriz.zites' and the Repht- f:ic'?;r
8-imB" and the Am'or.iteso and the Cafnaan.ites' ::$:yi$2
'JI'~?:la
and the Girtga.shites*and the Jeb'u.sites,"'
tlNr W:W
*JIM1H118
Now Sar'ai: A'bram's W e , had borne out. n:is
him no children, but she had an gyp
tian maidservant3 and her name was Ha'garecDOOeYIID
OGF 18:lU
Hence Sar'ai said to A'bram: 'Please now! nGh'l:2"
Jehovah has shut me off from bearing children.
Please, have relations with my maidservant.
Perhaps I may get children from her."+' So *acsa:s
A'bram listened to the voice of Sas'ai. a Then
Sar'ai, A'bram's
took Ha'gar, her Egyp- e-Ge 1B:g
tian maidsewant, at the endu of ten years of cGF":l
A'bram's dwelling in t h e land of Cabnaan? and wema
gave her to A'bram her husbandg as his wife.:
zF
' Accordingly he had relations with Ha'gar and
she became pregnant When she became aware
that she was pregnant,@then her mistress began %n;occ.e 11-5:2
-1sr1
Pr m;n
1 : ~
to be despised in her eyesmob

zz

16

Literally, "cnt." LXX, "w~enanted?'

GENESIS 16 :%I2
5 At this SRIC'R~
said t o Apbram:"'The injury

; done
~ me bc upon you. I myself gave my maid-

servant aver l o yeup embraceBand she became

aware that she was pregnant and I began t o be
z e 1 B : B despised in hcr eyes. May Jehovah judgeo becCoJ1:m tween me and you."l~"So
A'bram said to
Fu 5:21
iu 2 1 12 Sw'ai: "botc! your maidsewant is at your dis*Pr29.19 posal. Do to her what is good in your eyes.''"
Then Sar/ai began to humiliatee her so that she
'E* 2:35
1311 away from her.'
c o ~ ! l ~7 Latcr Jehovahp@ angeld3 found her at a
;C:c In:1
(:* IR:.* fountnin of watersa in the wilderness,p at the
14 i@?1:14
Is:le fountain on the wayO to Shurmc And he began
I .L ir 25:lH
1 . : ~Y 5.22 to SRY : ''Ha'gar, maidservantb of Sar'ai, just
have you come Irom md where are jFou
, I, \ ~ ~ where
,'~:~
going?" To thla she said: "Why, from Sar'ai
my mistress I am running away." OAnd Jehova11's mgeldwent on to say t o her: "Return to
your mistresls and humble yourself under her
,,,,,:,
Then 3chavah's angel said to her: "I
jHI ' f ibl '5
l a hnnrlmrriL
' ( 1 '
shnll greatly multiply your seedp so that it will
'G030:30 not be numbered for m~dtitude."" Further
Jehovah's angel added t o her: "Here you are
UGQ as:sa
1 9 2 2 : 2 4 pregnant, and you shall: give birth t o a son and
!,7y8 must call 111s name Ish'ma.el,eYor Jehovah has
.r,c21:20
,1,:y, . lI!ll,ll a heard your aflllction."" " A s for him, he will
become a wild assr of a man.3mHis handQ will
,,;

,,.,

I{&

:E

Likeralty, *'bosom."'b "And you.* In the H c h m tat. the q r w sian t h ~ ~ rtrnt~sintcd

r
i s trhnrkctl will) one of tllc 15 extraordinary
p o ~ n t s( 15 pu)rcla cxrmorclir~arin) of the Sopherim (or scribes)
io ir~dicnto tt~nt, tho rmrhng "nnd you" i s donbtfnl and should
rntlwr wnd, "nnd hw;' The nrxt of tbcse 15 cxtrnordinarg points
o P t h p Sopheriin occum n t Cicnes~s18 : 3. Or,"nltlict." d dlJeho~ah's
nnp'rt.'"Irre, in cbnptcr 16, i s where this expreseion comes first to
t ivw, * "Ishf~~n.el,"
~ ~ ~ ~ n "flod
ning
b~ars". Or, 'konnger"; posibly,
"xt.l)rn."-Sob 30 : 5.
5

GENESIS 16:13-41:5

74

75

~-

be against everyone and the hand of everyone

will be against him, and before the facea of all
u ~ e
his brothers he win tent."bu
13 Then she began to call the name of Jehovah,O who was speaking to her, "Youare a Godc oGea1:33
of sight,"d for she said: "Rave I here actuallye
looked upon himf who sees me?"* l4 That is why
a:D
the welIo was called# Beer-la'hai-r0i.h Here it w
OGe 2 4 5 2
is between Ka'desh and &'red.0 I-ater on Ha'- E,y;g6
gar bore to A%ramc a son and A'bram called 3ce17:5
the name of his son whom Ha'gar bare Ishfma- FeE:'gs
eL" l6 And A'bram was eighty-six years old at %
;: ;
OGe 21:17
Hakgar's"bearing 1sh'ma.el to A'bram.
aDc 1 8 3 3
1:1
When A'bram got to be ninety-nine years Job
hIt 5 4 8
3Ge18:1"
old, then Jehovaho appeared to A'bram
e
and said to him: "I am God"Alighty.lo
Walk o~ ~ a1.33
~
XPC105.8
before me and prove yourself faultless,' "nd
G'~~:IT
9Ge 17:21
I will give my covenants between me and you,' sr;e 1z:z
G C 22:17
that E may multiply you very, very much.""
')EX 3 : ~
Jos 5:14
3 At this A'bram fell upon his face,' and
o
;
g
:;
Godso continued t o speak with him, saying: OGc13:29
oGe 18:lG
"As for me, look! my covenant is with you, and RO 4 : ~
Gs 3 2 9
you will certainly become a father0 of a crowd OGe 26%
of nations,'" And your name will not be called C G e 1S:lS
A'bramk9 any more, and your name0 must be- 6:j:i

17

:z

O X , "and to the east." b Or, "tabernacle." "fled." Hebrew, El,

without the definite article. d Or, "a God who sem me"; or, "a
Clod who lets himself be seen (who appeam)." e Or, '.also.!'
f4'Lookedupon him." For this rendering. see Tfie d o ~ r of
~ dTkroEogicaE ,Studies, V01. L,July-Oetoher, 1949, No. 199-200, pages 178,
179, published in Landon, England. g 8y reads: "That is why she
called the ell." h Meaning "JVeIl of the living one who sees me".
8 "God AlniighQ." Hebrew, El Shod-rla'i. j "God." Here again
Hebrem, E'l.o.hian', ~ t h o u the
t definite article, k "Arbram." Eleaiiing "F~therof exaltation (or height)".
a

GENESIS 17:6 1 3

come Abraham,a because a father of a crowd

Eg
i8ji8 of natjonsp I will grant you to be,' And I will
RO4:17
multiply you very, very much and mill grant
you to become nations, and kings" will come out
ZK11:18 of you.0
Ezr 4:20
nrt lZG
7 "And I will carry out my covenant between
Joh 1149
sGcZI:12
me
and you' and your seeda after you accord=Ex f :6
C E X 1214 ing to their generationsD for an everlasting"
+Eu 6:4
PS 1059 covenant,b to prove myself GodC t o you and to
Lu1:72
TIC 7:20 ~ r o ~ r ~ e e d a f t e r y o u . ~ 8 A n d I : w i ~ g i v e t o y o u
to your seed after you the land of your tempo*C 2 3 9
rary residences, even the entire lmd of Ca'naan,
RO 9:7
w e 23:4
for an everlasting posse~sion,~~
and I mill prove
xDe 14:2
myself
GodC
to
them."'
Ps 105:11
9 And God said further to Abraham; "As for
you, you are to keep my covenant, you and
1
3
your seed after you according to their generations." lo This is m y covenant which YOU men
?%%$
17th 1n:le
will keep between me and YOU men, even your
,,,,, ;,
seed after you: Every male of YOURS must get
;
' [ ~ ~ 2 1 : 4~ i r ~ ~ ~ m ~ i ~ e d . " ~ ' A n d ~ ~ ~ r n u s t g e t c i r c
in the flesho of YOUR foreskins,' and it must
I'EX .1:25
"Ge29:14
C"s3:12
serve as a signo of the covenant between me
ARo4:11
and YOV.* And every male of yams eight
1 : dayso old must be circ~mcised,~
according to
OAc 7:s
cGe 19.2
your generations, anyone born in the housee3
oGe31:Lg
and anyone purchased with moneyf" out of
i:iz every foreigner3 who is not from your seed.'
lY
Every man born in your house and every
man purchased with money of yours must with@ E X U :out
~ ~ fail get circumcised,* and my covenant in
'cAbrahani."Menning "Father a t a niu1titude". b Or, "for a coTenant to time indefinite." Or, "a God." Hebrew, Elhornhim',
rrithout
the d e h i t e article. d Or, f'for a possession t o t i m e indefinite." Or,
"any son of a slave." * Literally, "any purohase with money.'"

GENESIS 17:14-21

76

the flesh of YOU men must serve as a covenant

t o time indefinite. l % ~ d an uncimumcisedC
male who will not get the flesh al: his foreskin
circumcised, even that soulfi, must he cut off
from 111s people."'He has bsolcen my covenant."""
15 And God went on to say to Abraham: "As
for Xar'ai' your wife, you must not call Irer
nRme Sarlni,b because Sarnhc is her name.'
'%d I will bless her and also give you a sone
from her, and X r ~ ~ iblessher
ll
~ n she
d shall become nations:" kings of peoples will came from
her.'" l7At this Abraham fell upon his face
and began to Iaugh4 and to say in his heart:*
"Will a man a hundred years old h ~ v ea child
born, and will Sarah,c yes, will a woman ninety
*RO 4:19
yearsl old glue birth?"'
18 After that Abraham said to God:a "Oh
that Ish'rnaaeP might livea before you!" lB To 2:%&
this God said : "Sarah your wife is indeed bearing you a son," and you must call his name "L",lP::,l,B
Isaac.*" And I will establish my covenant with;:2 $?;3
him for an everlasting covenantvto his seed Co4:a
after him, a6But:as regards Ishrma.el 1 have
heard you, Look! I will bless him and will make
him frclitful and will rnuItiply hlm very, very *Gsle:la
much. He will certainly produce twelve chief- gz 5:;;;
23:6
tainsgmand I tviU grant him to became a great
nation,' 2 1 However, m y mvensmt?I shd1 estab- x e
I

ltSoal," ITehrew, ~reph'esh; LJXS,,pla~yac1f~'.

b "Sar'ai," meaning
L ' C o l ~ t e n t i o n(8),~ ' ~ "sar~h,"rnrntllnfi i'l'i~inoesJ', d LLG~d."
FIcre
IXcbre~v,J~rt-E!~cr.kifl~'.
E ~ d e n t l yt h drflnile
~
n ~ t i c I ehn is Elere p~rt
I>c.lorc.El,o.lrins' to separate it Lroln tlre preposition el ("to") nn11
uo avoid nlkitrratire repetition ofmunrlx. * " I ~ n a c . " meming '$laughtcr". "Jr, OF n corenmt to t i n ~ eiudrllnite." 8 @, "'na'sis!' LLY,
"nntionn'? Irg, shdnkes;leaders.''

Iish with I ~ a a ewhom

,~
Sarah will bear to you
at
thls
appointed0
time
next
year,""
Heb 11:9
CEX 9:3
22
With
that
God
finished
spealcing
with him
AGe 21:2
~ E 20.22
S
and
went
up
from
Abrahamm0
a:' Abraham then
De 5:a
J g 13:20 proceeded t o take Ish'rnael his son and all the
men born in his house and everyone purchased
with money of his, every male among the men
of the househo1d of Abraham, and he went to
+Ce 18:19
Ge 3-1:24 circumcising the flesh of their foreskins in this
Jos 5 2
very day, just as God had spoken with him.*
Ac 16.3
Ra 2:25
And Ahrnh~rnwas ninety-nineyears old when
Cn
; F:i5
t1l0 4:11
he
had thc flesh at his foreskin elrcumcised."
Iio 4:19
z5 And Ish'ma.el his son was thirteen ycars old
when he had the flesh of his foreskin cilqcurn(Gel mil cised. 2
"n this very day Abraham3 got circum'Ps 119:w cised, and also Xshha.el his son."27 And all the
men of his household, anyone burn In the house
and anyone purchased with money from the
c*
m2
foreigners,"3
got. circumcised with Mm."
, , I 111810
A f t ~ m n r dJehovah appeerrecl' to him
n ~ r ~ o nthe
g big txees of Marntre,O while
he was sitting at the entrance of the tentGabout
the heat of the day." 1Vhen he raised his eyes,"
then hc lookad and there three men were stnnding some distance from him, When he caught
sight of thcm he began runnfng t o meet them
from t11e enlsance of t h e tent and proceeded t o
bow down t o the earth." T h e n he said: " J d ~ o vah,a if, now, 1 have found favorqin your eyes,
please do not pass by your s e r v ~ n t '. Let
~ ~ a littlc
ace 2&:3

Ce 46:1

Ex 2:U

144

18

"
for accorditlg to tho llobrew
I t should rend " J ~ l ~ o v u h hcre,
dlaaovak or mnrginal notes o n the Hebrew tcxl, t b i u ia t h e I l r ~ t
of the 134 passarcs wl~ercthe Jcffisb Sophrirn (ar:~.ibcs) hubtit~itedA.do.m!~'forbY8l,cr.urnlr' in the Hebrew text. ( I ~ n c n i1%:
~ 27,
;!I!,
32; 19:1s; etnd 20: -1 oro other TCFSC~ where fhts ~%lhblifuti,,n
rms made ont of mi-xpplfcd reverence for God's nnmr. 11,;l.dn,ttrrgt,
a

79

78

GENESIS 18:&12

alate? be taken, please, and yov must have YO^ nQ@al:14

feet washed.' Then recline under the tree.O And OB*=
let me get a piece of bread," and refresh YOUR ~
~
hearts.* FoEIowing that, YOU can pass on, be- :z,i;l
cause that is why YOU have pamed this way t o ;g+!;$
vourr servant."* At this they said: "All right, mtla
Ps 1III!15
You may do just as you have spoken."
u(;c 3.1 10
6 So Abraham went hurrying t o the tent to
Small and said: "Hurry! Get three seahn measures of Ane flour, knead t h e dough and make
round caltes."'" Next Abraham ran t o the herd 'fi; #8,
and proceeded to get a tender and good ox and 11
I I cb
' ~I13:z
:O
to give it to the attendant, and he \vent hurry- ; ; + ; ;
2.;
ing t o get it ready.' B H ethen took butter and
milk" m d the young bull that he lzad got &,Ic;:;:
ready and set it before them." Thcn he him~clf'J?$:d4
kept standing by them under the tree as they h+',;;;,l;;4;
Bt;@ 2 . 1 : ~
were eatingw
i!i::j

9 They now said ta him:b "Where i a S ~ r n h " ~ " ~ : "

your wife?"c To this he said: "Here in the

tent!"+ "So he continud: "I am surely going
to return to you next year a t thjs timet nnd,
look! Swah your wife will have a son."+ Now
Sarah was listening at t h e tent entrmce, and it
was behind t h e man. And Abraham and Sarah
were old, being adxlanced fn years.* Sarah had

mze21:2i

GENESIS 18:13--21

began to laugh inside l~elself,sayhg: <'After

I am worn out, s h ~ l Il renlly have plemre, my
being
old~ brrside~?""~
Thcn JeIiavah said
:
:
~
3
,:; ~ lordac
L U I : ~ ~to Abraham: "Why was it that Sarah laughed,
HCb 11:11
1Pe3:ri
saying, 'Shall 1 1-eally and t n ~ l ygive birth
although I have become old?' IS anything too
"G@19:f4 extraordinary for J e h ~ v a h ? At
~ ' the appointed
*NU11:23
~t 1 4 : ~ time I shall return to you, next year ~t this

,,

time, and Sarah will have a son.'" lfiBut Sarah

began to deny It, rsaylng: ''I did not laugh!"
r , G e M : l l For she was afraid."'"At this he said: "No! bttt
&Jab 210
J O ~ I 1k17 you did laugh."J
:Ps 44:21
Prl2:lg
16 Later the men gat up from there and
looked
down torv~rdSod'om, and Abraham ~ v a s
zi3,
RO15:M walking with them to escort tllem,'
And Jeho.XI0 6
q z ~ t , ~ :vah
n said: "Am I keeping covered from Abra1's 25:14
Am37
ham what I am doing?' InWhy, Abrrtham is
J ~ L2A
:23
surely going t o become a nationE great and
aU:4
mighty, and all the nations of the earth must
.f
12.3
l*
;I+-2,t-f
bless themselves by rnpnns UP 11Im; '"For I have
1's 72.17
~ ~ . : c . z r ; hwornr! ncbqtiuintcclwjth him In order that he
;a ;$:I4
may command his sons and hls household after
lsZJ1
him so that they shall keep Jehovah's wayo t o
De 6 : 2 ~
do righteotmcss0 and judgmentc In order that
Jehovah may certainly bring upon Abraham
""4'9
Jos U:E what he has spoken ahout him.""
lS2:m
20 Consequently Jehovah said: "The cry of
9:l
complaint about Sod'orne find Go.rnor'rah,"yes,
-~kG c1e m:g
19:24
e
it is loud, and their sin," yes, it is very heavy.'
' G e 13:13
Isa 3.9
I am quite determined to go down that I may
JSS 5 : 4
see whether they ~ c altogether
t
according to
the
outcry
over
it
that
has
come
t o me, and,
Tzgi5
if
not,
I
can
get
t
o
know
it.'jD
eg;g
w i t,:,3:9

'f;;

rfi(;~b

'J'bt2:fi

L3C

'f;;:;;;
LU

,,..,

.&'3"{7z
stopped having rnenstmati~n.~' Hence Sarah k; !&i3
la

h senh = 1 peck 3 warts1.7 p i n k b"To 61n.~'The ITehrew

~ s p t ~ ~ ~fsoirothis
n is marked with tbc extrnortlinnry point^ of the
Fopherirn, but this requlres no change i n ehc thglish tlrnnnslntiuil.
KPE! Genesis 16 : 5 , footnoteb. a Or, "rtt flrjs t t ~ ~in ~ ~ap l ' i l l ~ .Sg
"
r c n d ~ :"At this time, when she is [rrtill] olivc." V g rend.;: " A t tlds
snmc] time, life being a companion," Cotnpnre Jio!rinrls 4 : 1.7-20.
Literally, "the way aceordiug to nramen." Hut this IH i h n rt?mlar
1Icbrcw expression to this day for thc morltblg purification of
womnnkind.

itJfy lard." Hebrew, n.dob+ai'.FSnral~la cornwended for addreseing

lwr husband 50.-1
Peter 3 : B.

GENESIS 18:22-30

'

80

22 At this point the men turned filern there

and got an their way to Sad'm, but as for Je1
~
~
2
hovnh, he mas still standing before Abral~arn."~
" Thcn Abraham approached and began to say: Jer 15:l
"Will you really sweep away thc rlgl~tcous~
with 'Ge
the
" Suppose there are flfty righteous mcn in the m i d s t of the cltyacWill you,
then, sweep them away and not pardono' the ?@=I7
.~e m 4
place for the sake of the fifty rigl~tcouswho ;z$6$a
are inside it?' z6 It is unthinkable of you that .Jcr
you arc acting in this mamcr to put to death0 e c e s : f l
the righteous man with the lvfcked one so that +EC 8:13
jt has to occur with the rightmus man as it does Et13j:y8
with the wicked!+ It is unthinkable of you.* Is " ~ ~ ~ $ $
the JudgeCof all the earth not going to do what
is right?"" =TIlenJehovah said: ""3 f shall find ;
:i 5 : 7
in Sod'om fifty righteous men in the midst of the city I will pardon the whole place on their :",",$:T"
account,"* " But Abraham went on t o nnswer ,;,"gg
i
and gay; "Please, here I have taken upon myself ,"ctg::g
t o spcak t o Jehovah'b whereas I am dusto and ~ E Y8:16
~hes.~
Suppose t h e fifty righteous should be 3;;;;;9
ladcing five. Will you for the five destroy the 1~,6:5
wllole city?" To this he said: "1 shall not destmy it if I find there forty-fiveBHA
a ~ 18%
e
29 But yet again he spoke further to him and
said: "Suppose forty are found there," In turn
he said: "I shall not do it on account of the
S ~ r t y , " ~But he continued: "May Jehovah,b lGe

s;;;i&
~2

a This is the original pending in the Hcbrm. Rot h e n the first:

one of the Eighteen Emendations of the Sopherim, or tiqgrruei
*nplrnrinl, orclrrs, the onl? onp fonnd in Grnceis, Po 31 rends: %t
nR for Ahrnhntn, he r r ~ stilI
s
stnnding hcl'olr ,Jrltovnli." It ~ h o d d
rrntl "Jchornh" here, and not "the 1~wtI".SPP vPrw 3? footnotea.
At verse 27 nhout 20 Hebrew r n n ~ l u s c ~ ~ i yrend
t t l l'Jrl~ovah'J,instead

"

or rl,rlo.nrry' {"tho Lor#').

81

GENESIS 18:31-19:3

'please, not grow hot with anger: but let me

an spealdng:' Suppose thirty are found
there," In trrm Re said: '" shall not do it if I
,GO 18.28 find thirty there.''e " But he continued on:
"Plensc, here I have taken upon myself t o speak
to Jehovah :a" Suppose twenty are found there."
"y:
*Ezo X:90 In hrm he said: "I shall not destroy it on ac;I;$:;; count of the twenty.'" s2Fina11yhc said: 'May
* a ~ ~ : . w Jchovah,a please, not grow hot with ange~;"
Ilrb 12:20
but let me speak just this once: Suppose ten
nrr! found there." In turn he said: "I shalI not
'I * [ I O S : ~ destroy it on account of t h e ten."u a3 Then Jehovah went: his way when he hnd finished epeak,llT &:1
~ I I C ' ~ : I B ing t o Abraham, and Ahrnl~am returned to
his place.
Now the two angel$ ardvd at Sodbrn
by evening: and Lot tvas sitting in the
-":%'
ate of S~d'orn.~
When Lot caught sight of
them, then he got up t o meet thcm nnd bowed
3'1"
210wn with his face to the earth." "ICI
he pro''(:lr wn
cgc%rrlrd
l o say: "Please, now, my lords,ljc turn
aside, please, into t h e houseo of Youn servant0
4"'
r d stay overnight and have YOUR fwt ~ v a s h d . ~
Then YOU must get up early and travel on
POUR way," TO this they said: "NQ, but in the
'Lu 2 4 : ~broad street is where we shall stay overnight."'
fAC 10'15
31012:13
Rut he was very insistent with them, so that
17'1 :1:2
TIE 1s
t h ~ yturned aside t o him m7d came into hi9
Jn?! 2 25
m21.H
house." Then he made a feaste for them, and he
CE*12:S
baked unfermented3 cakes, and they went to
s:1n
1
Isn 2?24 eating*'
x r m:2

o 7'1 as RQ

'J

z:;:;
19
uH1'

Tt ~hould rend L'Tehovah" here, not ."tho Lord". At r e m 31

of Ane70.say' ("the
I.ord"). Beo vcme 3, footnotea. "My lord^." Xlebr~n.,rx.do.fini'.
l ' l ~ ~ r aofl a.dO?t', with the pronominal pnding ( d ) for "111p'~
nttnched.
I 0 H~flrcwrnfint~s~ripts
read 'iJehov~h!' instend

GENESIS 19:4-13

82

4 Before they could lie dow7n,the men of the

city, the men of Sod'om, surrounded the house,
, ! , , ,
from boy to old man, all the peoples in one
m0b.a" And they kept calling out t o Lot and ML2 1

iZ%

83

GENESIS 19:14-19

them has grown loud before Jehovah,' so that

Jehovah sent us to destroy the ~ i t y , "l3
~ Hence
"
Lot went an out and began to speak t o his sonsin-law who had t~lcen"his daughters, and he
kept on saying: ''Get up! Get out of this place,
because Jehovaho is destroying t h e city!"$But
in the eyes of his sons-in-law he seemed like a
man \vho was joking.'
15 However, when the d a m ascended, then
the angcls kcarne urgent with Lot, saying:
"Get u p Take your wife and your two daughters who arc found here, for fear you may be
swept away in t h e iniquityo of the citylWzm
' W h e n he kept linering, then in the cornpas
sian" of Jehovah upon him, the men seized hold
af his hand and of the hand of his wife and of
the hands of his two da~zghtersand they proceeded to bring him out and t o station him outside the cityau1And It came rlbout that, as soon
ns they hnd brought them forth to t h e outsl<irls, h e ' began t o say: "Escape for your
soul!(l" Do not look behind you' and do not stand
still in all the District!" Escape to the momtni~laus~
region for fear you may be swept

saying to him: "Where are the men who came :I!

in to you tonight?>Bring them out to us that "k;
we may have intercoum with them."'
JIXA
r 7:4.:t
" PA
6 Finally Lot \vent out to them to the entrance, h t he shut the door behind hirnmc:;,j'Q
Then he said: "Please, m y brothers,c do not :r:cb?l)3
-Jg 1'):xt
act wickedly.; Please, here I hare two daughters* who have never had intercourseC with n
man. Please, let me bring them out t o Yaw. A;;:cl;i2;,
in
Then do to them as is good in YOUR eyes.* Only r Jud@
. 1 ~fn.21
t o these men do not do a thing, because that is n,, I'2ti
why they have come under the shadow of my
roof."' At this they said: "Stand back there!" '?::$!!
And they added: "This lone man came here t o
resideo awhile and yet he mould actually play 'GBm:l
the judge." Now we are going to do worse to you "'
than to them.'" And they came pressing heavily ' ~ ; ~ : : ~ ~
in an the man, on Lot, and were getting near aPe2:Y
to break in the door.' So the men thrust out '"~~JI:I@
their hands and brought Lot in t o them, into
the house, and they shut the door. " But they
away!""]
struck with blindness the men who were at the
18 Then Lot sald to them: "Not that, please,
entrance of the house, from the least t o the
greatst, so that they were wearing themselves
Jehovah!f
Please, now, your servant has
out trying to find the entrance.*
found
favoP
in
your eyes so that you are mag~AC21RIB
3~ : ~1
12 Then the men said to Lot: "Do you have
nifying your loving-kindness,@which you have
anyone &e here? Son-in-la117 and your sonso
"The City." Liternlly, '%," in the feminine gender to refer to a
and your daughters and all who are yours in the
city. Or, "aha rwrv intending 20 tnkc," * LXAT.vg and Sp read
city, bring out of the place!' Is For we are de* ' c I E P ~ " . Or, "life.'* 11CIIPCIV, n ~ p h ' r ~;h L,CY, p~sy.ek+?'.
Or,
*'!insin."' JKcl)r~ii~,kicdk-knr', Spe Ctcnesis 13:40, footnoteb. It
stroying this place, bemuse the outcry against $21iiy

?,:;r

Or, L1frome v g . qmrter."

'y:izT

s'l~aulrlrend " J ~ l t a ~ n Iwre,

l ~ ' ~ not " 0 Lord!''

loot~lotea. Ox; I-loyol love!'

See lCtenemo 18:3,

GENESIS 19 :20-29

84

85

GENESIS 19:3-6

exercised with me to preserve my soula alive,

but 1-1 am not able to escape to the mountainous region for fear calamity may keep close
25:32
ta me and I certainly d h c Q* O Please, now, this OGe
OMt $:25
city is nearby to flee there and it is a small Ro 8:31
119:175
thing. May I, please, escape there-is
it not a +Fs
P P 35
W
e
2x7
small thing?-and my soulnwill livea on.'" " 2'0
BJob
42%
he said to him: "Here I do show you considera- Ps 34:15
AC n : m
tion to this extenth also, by my hat overthrow- +Ge
13 :10
ing the city of which you have spoken." 22 Hurry!
29223
Ps 11:B
Escape there, because I a m not able t o do a Tsa 1:9
4.11
thing until your arriving there!"That is why Am
F,u 1729
2Pe 2:6
he called the name of the city Zo'a~.~"
Jude 7
23 The sun0 had gone forth over the land X e %:I1
when Lot arrived at 2o'ar.c 2a Then Jehovah
ZDe 29:23
made it rain sulphurGand f i e Qfrom Jehovah, FGe
22:6
4 - e 2231
from the heavens,' upon Sod'omP and upon pDc
29:W
Go.rnonJrah.p*'30
he went ahead overthrowing
these cities, even the entire Districtd and all
the inhabitants of the cities and the plants of @Ex 3:5
13:10
the ground.oc And his wife began t o look CGe
Ps 10734
around from behind hime and she became a Isa
13:19
3er 49:18
piIlar of salt,*
Jer 50:40
La46
27 Now Abraham made his way early in the Zep 2:9
11.23
morningo t o the place where he had stood be- Mt
LU 1o:ia
Re 11:s
fore Jehovah. Then he looked down toward ZGe 2 4 5 4
19 17
Sod'om and Go.morrrah and toward all the land L-Ge
Pr 11:111
L U li :32
of the District-d
saw a sight. Why, here H e b 10.38
107:34
thick smoke ascended from the land like the PPs
Re 14:11
Ite 18:8
thick smoke of a
And it came about that Re 1 9 3
1:s
when GodWestroyed the cities of the Districtd WRee 222:12

God kept Abraham in mind in that he took

steps to send Lot out of the midst of the overthrow when ooverthrotving the cities among
+Ge
De ~9:s: 2 3 which Lot had been dwelling*
30 Later on Lot went up from Zo'ar and be;;5":74
'
gan
dwelling In the mountainaus region, and
;;2;:;rn his two
daughters along with him, because he
got afraid of dwelling in ZoPar.@So he began
WGe
e 142
13:10
dwelling in a cave, he and his two daughters.
ISS 34:3
DG
155
Jer 4 8 : ~SIAnd the first-born proceeded t o say to the
2S:S
smaller woman: "Our father is old and there is
,E,:
not a man in the land to have relations with us
35:3
according to the way" of the whole earth."
Come, let us give our father wineo to drinkn
:;%
and let us lie down with him and preserve off.I.c l8
springa from our father.'"
33 So they kept giving their father wine to
drink during that night, then the first-born went
In nnd lay down with her father, but he did not
I
lW7
,,, ,,:, know when she lay dourn and when she g o t
''1'2330 3a And it came about on the next day that the
first-born then said to the smaller: "Here I lay
down with my father last night. Let us give
him wine to drink tonight alsa Then you go
in, lie down with him, and let us preserve offspring from our father." " So they repeatedly
gave their father wine to drink during that
night also, then the smaller got up and lay
down with him, but he did not know when
02sa13;1a she lay down and when she got upbo And

aiiSonl.?' Heb~ew,neph'esk; LXX, psy.cJci'. b Or, "considerntion

in this thing.'> "Zo'ar," meaning "Smalln~ss", d Or, "Bnsin." Hebrew, kip-kur', See Genesls 1 3 :10, faotnotob. 'Vg and Sy read :
"look be!aind her.''

aLiteralIyl ('seed.'7 b"And when she got up." This dnuse i s ono
of the fifteen mmked with the eztraordin~r~
poi~itsof the Sopherim
(or se~~ibes),
t o call nttention to the ancicut Hebrew reading "but
he did know when she got np." See Genesis 16: 5, f o o t n o t d .

,,

v(:e

!zz3;3&

GENESIS 19:31-20 :6

86

both the daughters of Lot became pregnanp '-2E:Z

fmm their father.' " In time the first-born be- -b18:6
came mother to a son and caHd hls name
Mo'ab,['' He is the father of Mo'nb, to this day.' El%$%
3H AS f o the
~ smaller, she too gave bbth t o a son gE $yo
and then called his name Ben-amrni.h H e is the ;Fi ;!
father of the sons of A r n k ~ n to
, ~thls day.' i;;;,y

Now Abraham moved camp from there to &lyi:,'

the land of the N&e& and took up dwell- 2;;g
i:l4
Iny bet~wenKa'desh and SIIUP
and had a t e m p - ; z1s.c p l3:9
rary residence' at Ge'rar.* :And A b ~ m h ~ rren ;C~P ?l:zs
[,@ 21:l
pented concerning Sarahqhb wife:"She is my ,,G,
zr::]o
sjster."t3With that: A.bim'e.lech(lVc1ng3of Ge'- gsE $ii:2
rar sent and took Sarah. Afterward God came "F;:yi;~3
t o A.birn'e.lech" a dreamQby night and said t o :cc 3 ~ 1 0
him : "Here you are as good as clead7 because of 'Go 23:3
the womnn whom you have taken, since she is
n:3
owned by another owner" as his wife."' How- -Ex
iGe
ever, A.himbe.lechhadnot gone near her. Hcnce E;:$;;
he- sajd: " J e h ~ v a h will
, ~ you put out of existence a n ~ t i o n "that is really i n n ~ c e n t ?Wid
~ ~~~i~
not he say t o me, 'She is my sister'? and she,
did mot she, too, say, 'He is my b r ~ l h e r ' ?In~
the honesty of my heart' and with c l e a n n e ~ s - ~ ~ : ~
of my hands f have done this.'" At that GodK ysb26%9
said t o him in the dream: ''I too have knatvn
that in the honesty of your heart you have done

20

"MoFnb,'j ~ n ~ a ~ n "Fronl
ing
[her] father". b " B r n - s m ~ i ~ i , " k e ~ n i n g
of ~ n y
that is, son of my rt.lntir.rrr nnd not of far~ i ~ l l e rlikn
a tK%f;dmites. *Or, ' Y i l m n n L . ' ' Thnt ix, thn ioutbero
pnrt o f I 'nhstine. "A.bim'e.lech." 111 thir a)-r i t i~ an oWcial
t l l l ~nncl riot n pelwnal n m p . *#ptae 14 Ilehrcbw manuscripts
rrntl "Jeho~nh'?instpnd of d.rlo.na!/'. See Gent~ris1H :3, footnotea.
Or, "ri~flt~o~w.'""God." Hebrew, kn-F;F.n,ki~n'; thnt is, El.o.Adm'!
with ttlr rl~finitearticle before it, Rut hnrr t i i ~drllnite article is
douhtlc~s iaserted because EF.o,khr' fallows rln'iw ('(to him").
T h u ~a l l i t m t i ~ orepetition is avaiderl, 6eo U P ~ B N17~:R18, footnoted.
"Fjnrl

thls, and I lvas also holding you back from sinning ag~instme.O That is why I did not allow
+c;r2ti.10 you t o touch her.' "But now return t h e man's
C"x 7'1
wile, for he is a prophet,Q" and he will make
wa7:a
supplic~tion
for you.@ So keep ljving, But if you
Job 42:8
arc not returning her, b o w t h a t you will posb
'Gc 2 : n
tively die, you and all who are yours.""
Pa lCt5:fB
1.:~~3:la
8SoA.bim%~echgotupearlyEnthemornCQzJ:2
ing and proceeded to call all his servants= ~ n d
to spcnk of dl these things in their ears. And
the men got very much afraid." Then A.bimfelclch called Abraham and said to him: "What
' $ 0 m:10
C . ~ ~ ~ : have
Z B
YOU done t o us and w h ~ sin
t have I comC;ir :2!l:!I
~ r ~ la:l
l ,
m i t t 4 against you, in that you h ~ v ebrought
upon me and m y kingdom"a great sin?O' Deeds
;S!'
that should not have been dorlc you have done
"\;yi:l, went
in m e c t i o n with me."' "'And A.bim'alech
on t o say to Abraham: '"mat did you
N'"m'n have in view in that you have done this thing?"A
To t h i s Abraham' said: "Jt was because I
sald to myself, 'Doubtless there is no fear0 of
C t ; r 2 2 m ; ; Godb in this place: and tlley will certainly killm
< 42
N P 5 . 1 5 me because of m y wife."
And, besides, she is
!:I
<;,. 2: .la truly m y sister, the daughter'bof my father,
g:r :>; !q
only not the daughter of my mother," and she
;+.
I
2+; ;
,,,;,
became my wife.& '"And it came about that,
1
i%:13 when God causedc me to wander from the house
'C;P 12!1
,ic7:2
of my father," then I said t o hcr: 'This is your
cco 21:23 loving-kindnessm which you m ~ exercise
y
toward me: At every place where we shall.come
rGa 12:15 say of me, "He is my brother." ' ""
'FC"aa:7
14 Following that A.bfm8e.1ech took sheepQ
@*31:7

ISn 2526

':I;

it&

,Jtn!>

.(

;<a

,, ,,,

Tltir ia the flmt ormrrence of the ward "plQophrt"in the Hebrew

Scriptnrcq. b Or, El.o.bim'. TEs plurnl oT cacclllencc drd~mting
Allrr~hn!a'~
Ciud. a "Caaucd." This serh i n the J [ p h r ~ wi~habe in
Ihci plurnl, l o correspoud with El.o.himtn'. a Or, "loyal love."

GENESIS 20:25-21 :4

and ca?Aleand men slavesC)and women slavesn

and gave them to Abraham and ret~trrrdto him
Sarah his wife.' l3 Further A.bimPe.lechsaid:
"IZere my land is available to you." Dwell where
it is good in your eyes."'" "And to Sarah he
said: "Here I do give a thousand silver pieces"
of money to y o u brother, Here i t v s for you R
coveriring of the eyese to all who nre with you,
and before everybody, and you are cleared of
repreach."fa l7 And Abraham began t o m ~ k e
supplication t o Godg and Godh proceeded to
healo A.bim'e-1~11and his wife and bis slavc"
girls and they began bearing children.' I T o r
Jehovah had tightIy shut up every ~vombpof
the house of A.bm'e.1ech because of Sarah,
Abraham's wife.'
And Jehovah visited' Sarah3 just as he
had said and Jehovah now did 50 Snrah
just as he had spoken." And Sarah hccarne
pregnanta and then bore a sonC t o Abrnhamcl
in his old age at the appointed time of wl~ich
God had spoken to him." Accordingly Abraham
called the nameo of his son who hnd been born
t o him, whom S e a h had borne to him, Isaac,Jn*
And Abraham proceeded to drcumcise3 Isaac

21

Or, "and me~lserrmtntaand maids~rmnts.'~bOr, LCoprnto jwu.''

Litcrnlly, "lwfore you." "Pieecs," tlznt is, "shckcls," A shekel wna
n unit of weight equaling, in ailvef, f?Oc or 2 ~ b i l l i n ~Ga pence.
Ihit iuh rnlnes herein ,Ri\-en are those brfor~the IIHO tfcvnl tintion
of thc ponnd, Or, "hc" Hebraw, ku, tht? X [chtew tnn~rulincpronoun. elLUuvcringof the eyes." Signifying n tl~clnrntiaaof undnrat~getl wo~nnnlyreputation, covcling t h o F ~ C E Iof otlwra PI~OJII
RcPinl: nnytlliag wrong. Or, " 'before e ~ ~ n s y l ~ o rA
l yI. ~I d
~lt [Snrnll]
vn.9 ~ e in
t the right Light," Ed'God,'' Hchrelv, h a - k l . a . l i i ~ ~ T
~ 'l.~ c
samc! cnse here as at Genesis 17 : 15 (fooinotctj) h " l ; ~ r l . 'Jlcbre~v,
~
El.o.lrtr~~',
nitbout the definite nriicle Ifn. I Or, "turned his nlterltion

toa"1 *+IY&RC,"
meaning '*Lmgbt~r",

GENESIS 21 :5-15

89

88

his son when eight days old, just as God had

commanded" him.' *And Abraham was a hun'Ge lf:10
EX 1 2 : ~dred years old when Iscmc his son was born ta
Le 12:3
6Then Sara11 said: "God has prepared
~ p . ~ 4 himu
: ~
laughter for me: everybody hearing of it wiIl
"GeT8:12
LU 1-14 langh at me,"'- ' And she nddcd: "'Who ivould
have uttered t o Abraham, 'Sflrah will certainly
suckle children,' whereas 1 have given birth to

a son in his old age?"'

8 NOWthe chjld> kept growing and came to
be weaned and Abrahnm then prepared a big
an the day of Isaac's being weaned.' Aad
2G.i feastQ
Sarah
kept not icing i h e son of I-la'gar the E g p
ZC;$f;;
n.r:s
tian,"
whom
she had hrne to Abraham, poking
rl)c ?n:7
:!!<I 2 : n
fun.' lo So she began to say to Abraham: "Drive
,~1 , r.41n2815' out this slavec girl and her son, for the son of
this slave girl R not ~ o i n gto be an heir3 with
*fl"d:m
my son, with Isaac!"" "But the thing proved
ta be very displeasing t o Abrah~rnas regards
*Mi 1 0 : ~his son.* Then God said to Abraham: "DOnot
let anythhg that Sarnh keeps saying to you be
displeasing to you fibout the boy Find about your
slave girl. Llstcn t o her voice, becnuse it is by
means of Isaac that what rrrill he called your
will hemL And as for the son of the slave
gg seed7
110 9 : ~
girl,
1
shall also constitute him a nation, because
1 Ieb 11:18
rd;e 16:io he is your offspring."*"
1720
ram2
14 So Abraham got up early in the morning:~and took
and a jskin water%tottle
~
~
~ Sre~d''
$
~
tps 119:6Q and gave it to Ha'gar, setting It upon her shoulder, and the child, and then dismissed her. And
+Gef6:7
she went her way nncl rvnncFcrec1 about in the
&?&3
3694 wilderness0 of Bc'cr-shc'ba."" 15" Finally the waW e Z:l9
ter became exhausted in the skin bottle and
EMt3:9

CGe911:m

;;R

z:

Or, "seed."

"Be'er-she%:

mcaring "Wcll sf t
k oath".

91
BS:l
she threw the child under one of the bushes.'
EU Then she went on and sat down by hemelf,
about the distance of a b w ~ s h o awny,
t~
bccnuse
she said: "ktme not see it when the child "\~t$p
dlcs."' So she s a t d a m at a distance m d began I:\:I ,I!I:IS
OC ,u X:&i
t o r ~ i s eher voice and ~.eep.~O"
U(;v 27:W
17 At that God heard the voice af the boy w7'2'''L
i't':,$i
and Gad's angel3 calIed to I-Ia'gnr out of the
heavens and said to her; "What is the matter
with you, Hatgar?O Do not be
because
gi+a
God has listened to the voice of the boy thcre
where he is.' Is Get up, lift up the boy and t n l c c r c ~;h7,a
hold of him with your hand, because I shall con- c;, 17:m
stitute him a great; nation.'" " Then God opened :j!2:;i:
her eyes so that she caught sight of a well' of C ' ; T 2 i : 1 L
water and she \vent and began to fill the skin ,
, ,,:,
bottle with water and to give the boy a drink.* fg;;!{;
2"AndGod continued to be with the boy4 and 4c;c i7.m
he kept growing and dtveIIing fn the wilderness, 4Gp 1B:i2
and he became an archer,"' r A And he taolc up ~ ~ m : 2 7
dwelling in the wilderness of Pa'ranmand his "?&%!?
mother proceeded t o take a wifet for lilm from ""'"':"
0r:c zo:a
the land of Egypt.'"
.C.P 2.1 3
22 Now it came about at that time that
A.bimJe-lwh: together with Phi'col the chiefc 3; gig
of his army3 said t o Abraham: "Godr is wit11 "C;'"":"
UL;V 3 k l ~
you in everything you are doing." " So now
sweai $0 m e here by Godc that you will not
prove false to me m d t o my offspring nncl to y;r!i:i
my posterity; that, according to the loving.
kindness3 with which I have dealt wit11 you, CG"24:1a

";a!,";: .

t L T re&, instead: "And raidlrg h i 4 voice tho young child

w~pt."b L i t w ~ l l p' ~k a m e an R T P ~ I C ~ ,n h o m n n . " Ilr, "I~ecnmc,
wIivn he p e r ; up, R bowman." "Gad." IIobrcw, E1.o.lrimp, in the
pltlrnl of excellence and without thp dcAnitP ortirlc.

GENESIS 21 :24--34

you will deal with me and with the land in

you have been rcsidinf for a time."'
So Abraham said : "1 shall stvem."'l
1 25 When Abraham criticized A.him'e.lech
severely as r e g ~ r d sthe well of water that
the servants of A.bimre.lech]lad seizd by vioaGe26:15 lence,O ?u then A.blm'enlech said: ''I do not know
who did this thing, neither dld you yourself
tell it t o me, ~ l n dI mysclf 1mve also not heard
+Ge13;7
of it except today,""VWj that Abraham took
sheep m d cattle and g w e them t o A+bimte.lech,
pr 18:16 and both of t l~ern
prroccedd t o concludena coveG R 3315
r c e z s : ~ nantam aRIVhen Abraham set seven fernale
e @ X : l 4 l m b s of the flocko by t h ~ m s ~ l v e s
2 p, AbhimJe
Ilech went an t o say to Abraham: '*What is the
meaning here of thew seven female lambs
that you have set by themselves?" " Pen he
said: "You are to accept the seven female lambs
::!; !;ij!i at my hand that it mRy serve ns a u7itnessVor
That is why
. ' " H 22:27
.IIIS
2 1 : s ~ me thnt I have dug this well.""
because there
:Xn 17:11 he called that place ne'er-~he'ha,~
i;p24:8
both of them had tnlcen an 0ath.O' So they
lg.3 concluded a covenantJ a t Be'er-she'ba,h after
which A.bim'e.lech got up together with Phi'coJ
the chiel of his army and they returned to the
land of the Phi.1is'tines." After that he planted
a tamarisk tree at Bekr-she'ha and calledi there
F G @ 2 k z upon the name of Jehovah: the eve~~lasting
.s4And A b r ~ h ~extended
m
hls residence
3Ge31:13
r De 3 ~ 2 7
y;a94";2B as a stranger in the land of the Phi.lis'tines
Jer
RO 1 ~ 2 6 many days.

which
$$g:"I,
k16

,
,
:
,

Or, "cut!' b Bieaning ~"iVe11of thn orlth"',*"The everlastinp God?!

fk,"God to time indefinit~.'' Hrhrow, El 'd.ltrw7 mmning "God
nf eternitg",

GENESIS 22: 1-7

93

92

Now after these things it came about

that Goda gut Abraham to the test.* Ac- +;F,";.i;&
cordingly he said to him: "Abraham!" to which
he said: "Here I am!" a And he went on t o say:
"Take, please, your son, your only son whom
you so love,' IsaacP and make a trip t o the Iand
g!
of Mo.ri'ahXand there off@ him up as a burntz :ffi,y::F
offering on that one of the mountains3 which
; ; ; : ; ; :2
I shall designate to you."
3 So Abraham got up early in the morning
and saddled his ass and took two of his attendantsb with him and Isaac his son, and he split
the wood for the burnt offering. Then he rose
and went on the trip t o the place that EodC
designated to himen It was first on the third 0@:f;!9,
day that Abraham raised his eyes and began ?
%
;;
t o see the place from a distance. "braham now Heb 11:1'1
said to his attendants: "YOU stay here with the
ass, but I and the boy want t o go on over there
OEx 10:26
and worshipmand return to YOU,''*
AHeb 1129
6 After that Abraham took the wood of the
burnt offering and put it upon Isaac his son and
took in his hands the fire; and the slaughtering CEX3:2
knife, and both of them went on together. And
Isaac began to say t o Abraham his father :d "My
father!" In turn he said; "Here 3 am, my son!"
So he continued ; "Here are the fire and the wood,

we24:35

a "God.)' Hehrerr, ha-EE.o.Fiml. Because El.o.hfm' is here preceded

by the dernonstrati~eadjecti~ee'ZcL ("these") the d e h i t c article
ho ki inserted before El.o.hdm' to avoid alliteratise repetition of
sounds. b Or, "boys."
"Clod." H e h r e ~ ,kc(-El.o.kintl. As this expression follows the Hebrew expression lo ("to him''), the insertion of the definite a r t i c l ~hu before El.o.him' breaks up any close
alliterntive sounds. id Here the hfasorefic text adda the expxession
"and said", but this is either an insertion by a scribe o r stands as n
sign of direct discourse, vhich we hare indicated by using quotation mnrlrs.

22

z:

GENESIS 22:8-14

but where is the sheep8 for the burnt offering?jf

Te this Abraham said: "God will provide himself

the sheep for the burnt offering, my son."
&:C+~I~BA$
h-~t19.26 And bath of them walked on together,"
JOh 1:20
Ire r:rs
9 Finally they reached the place that Goda
Re 5:G
cCe26:25 had designated to him and Abraham built an
"?t'z:827 altar3 there and set the wood in order and
bound" Isaac his son hand and foot and put him
y$,1F;?17
hc $32
upon the altar on top of the wood. lo Then AbraE h 5:2
P: 2.7 ham put out his hand" and took the slaughtere ~ e %26
5
C E X ~ : ~ ing knife to kill his son.* I1 But Jehovah"'
PGe 24:7
angel3 began calling to him out of t h e heavensC
CC* 2 4 , s
CGe 23:19
53:7
and saying: "Abrahamro Abraham!" t o which
he answered: "Here I am!"* And he went on
y&b&l7
'EX 3:4
to say: "Do not put out your hand against t h e
boy and do not do anything a t all t o him, f o r
"Ge26:24
now I do know that you are God-fearingbo in
ClSa 15:22
Mlc 6 8
that you have not withheld your son, your only
dl111 316
one, from me."')la At that Abraham raised his
2
eyes and looked and there, deep in the fore!- G?Ab&:
1
9
e 31:38
ground, there was a ramGcaught by its horns
in a thicket, So Abraham went and took the ram
and offered it up for a burnt offering in place
Ak16:3 of his s m e
And Abraham began to call the
mx17:15 name of that place Jehovah-ji'~eh.~O
This is
why it is customarily said today, "In the momtain of Jehovah it will be provided."d"
+
"God," Hebrew, Ira-BZ.obhz'lra'. As this expression follovs the Hcbrew expression b ("to him"), tb insertion of the deflnite article
h a before El.o.hiwr' breaks up any close nllitcrntivo sounds. b Or,
"YOU are a fealer of God?'
Meaning "Jehorah rrill see to [it]";
or, "Jchowh k
X
l provide." d ''In the mountain of Jehovah it will
be provided,"' X; "in t h e mountain the h r d has been seenJrlLXX;
"in the mountnin the Lord will see," Tg; "iu this mountain the
Lord will see," Sy. Some would slightly amend the entire sentence
t o read : "As the mountain where Jehovah appears is called at
ihe present day."

95

94

GENESIS 22:1%24

15 And Jehovah's angel proceeded t o call t o

Abraham the second time out of the heavens
and to say: "By myseIf L do swear,; is the a%z417

utterance af Jehovah: that by reason of the 2;

fact that yon have done t h i s thing and you have
not withheld your son,your only one,e l7 I shall ;\;;i;!3
surely blessJ you and I shall surely multiply <r;r
v r ; ?-.I:
2.1
~ ,I
your seedag like the star& of the heavens and c+:* ttr~:.~
like the grains of sand that are on the seashore,"cp 32.12
and your seed will take possession of the gateb
4S:R
of his enernies.OE3 5 And by means of your seed Oae
b C n 25 :23.
all nationsa of the earth3 miLl certainly bIess :; ;:p
themelvesc due to t h e fact that you have lisgs
IIR 2 : ~
tened to m y voice."=
19 After that Abraham returned t o hb tit- ,E,:'zi
tendantsd and they got up and went their way g: !:
together t o Be'er-~he'ba,~and Abraham con- a';c2fi.23
*ce2i:sl
tinued t o dwell at Ee'er-she'ba.'
20 Now it came about after these things that clGell,m
the report got through t o Abraham; "Here ,yxk;l
Mil'cah" herself has also borne sons to NNao? bd,.~lib
your brother: U z q i s first-born and Buz' his !j:,t$2
brother and Kern.uJel t h e father of A ' r ~ r n mG;
, ~ g;::Q
" and Che'sed and Na'zo and Pil'dash and Jid"
2;j.,5
laph and Be.thde1." And Be.thu'elbbecame theO;;(,":
father of Re-bek'ah."These eight Mil'cah bore 3G~21:15
to Na'hor the brother of Abraham. =4 There was
his concubine9 too, whose name was Reu'mah.
a Or, "ohpring; p0stmiQ.t' $''Of the city" bcinq undrrstood.

yz;!

c:

=The Hebrew verb -'will . . blem th~rnselv~s"

is i i i tllc w t l e x i r . ~
or lailk-pn'el' form and so & E m h o r n the same verb in the raipli:cr2'
fonu at Genesis E:3b, which at timea hns the passive nlwrnlne
but also has the n4exi.r-e menlting as x e r ~ n d e rit there. Thp ASS,
l r g and SF rcad: 'friu be bleesed," bcre the same ns a t Getrwis
P2 : 3h. [Here 3'n means second part of v m e 3, fnIloltbii~gits list
pnrt (a), +th a different "bless" in each pa&] C'olupnre Uentcronomp 2 9 : 19. d Or, <<bop,"the same ns a t verses 3 nnd 5.

GENESIS 23:1-9

In time she herself also gave blrth t o Te'bah*

n2%8s:8

and Ga'harn and Ta'h~sh and Mafla1cah.*

l9:13

And Sarah's life got to be a hundred and

twenty-seven yeaM long. They were the
~ C R I - S of SarahlP life." So Sarah died in i n i ,
n2 l ~ - a f b a ,that
~ is to say, H e ' b r ~ n ,in~ the land
:,~;~1~;2&n
t;c 2 q . i
of Ca'nnan,? and Abraham came to bewail Sarah
and 20 \veep over her.( "en
Abraham got up
I Ge 30:t
1 . : ~2 : ~from before his dead" and proceeded to speak
t.
,;I- an::J 10:" to the sons of I-Ieth,n' saying: ' "A temporarp
inhahitant I am among you. Give
mid~nt
A<+R.' :'(43 me the possession' of a burial place among YOU
r ;I. :lr3:29
thnf I may burp my dead out of my sight."a
.(;v 111.15
:At this the sans of I-Iethn answered Abraham,
'onn4:1a saying to him:
"Hear us, my lord," A chief3I ;#- r,fl! 13 ~tain' of~ Godc ~you Rre~jn the imidst of
~ us."ln ~the
choicestd of our burial places bury your dead.
A t!I1 ' '
'ar : W o n eof us will hold back hia burial place from
PI
you to p r m t burying your dead."
7 T h r r r ~ ~ p oAbrnham
n
got up and bowed
donrnll t o the i~atives,~
t o the sons of Heth, and
" .
s p ~ k en l t h them,* saying: "Sf YOUR SOUIS agreeP
to bury my dead out of my sight, listen to me
and urge E$hren t h e son of Zo'har for me,
:' t h ~ he
t may give me the cave of Mach.pe'lah,g
rvhich is his, which is at the extremity of his
Ge2d:w field, For the full amount of silver- let him
give It to me in the midst of YOU for the possession of a burial place."

23

z!qiz

,,,,

~ 1 %

,,, ,
:,w

'j\;,;;T4,

* " T ~ Qaon8

of nrth:br, "the Rit'tih." "3Iy lord?' Hebrew.

r~.rlo.t~i';the word n.d6nr ("lord; master"), with the pronominal
s ~ ~ f f lix ("~tiy"]. Or, "A t ~ l i g l ~ trhict'tnin."'
y
d Literally, "ctroic~."
* t ,i$mllg, 'I pmple of the Innrl." Hrhrerr, "am IIR-a'retz. Literally,
" I f ~t is njth r o t - R walr." T l t ~Hehl-cw IISB rtepk'eah here: L n ,
pa!l.cE~?'. "Rhvh.pr'lnh:'
IT~.C'PL~IILR
' ' U O ~ ~ h l i n gefther
~ ' ~ ftom the
r l r ~ r i h l erntrntlctr or ~ C C H H Ithe two rtQce%vea
or receptacles.
f

GENESIS 23 ;10-19

97

96

GENESIS 23 :2&24 :8

pe'l~hin front of Mam're, that I s t o sag, He'I,ron, fn the land of Ca'naan.: " Thus the field
~ n c lt h e cave that WRS j11 i t became confirmed
with all those entering the gate of his city,O rce2S:1g
.!,=u
. k .I~?1:21
;
l o Abrrahem for the posse.~;sion
of a burial place
~ a y i n g :"~"No, my lord? Listen to me. The ~ ~ $ ? ~ O . .lr.l. ,:?:la at the hands of the sons of Heth.'
1% I 1 2 2
field 1do give to you, and the cave that is in it J0b2!):7
Yonp Abraham was old, advanced in
15n5l.2
<;[a
:!,dl
to you I do give it. Before the eyes of the sons
4
ycnrs,R
and Jehovaho had blessed Abra.(;u 2 i . 2 1
'';P:~+
of my people I do give it to you.' Bury your 'E :;&
Ilnrn In everything? Hence Abrahamo said to
-I;@
2RlE
dead." l 2 At that Abraham bowed down before I;;
2-:17 his sewant,Ils the oldest one of his household,@
IWZ
the natives' la and spoke to E'phron in the heartvho was managing all he had: "Put your hand,
,cC;pJ"LT
.
plcnsc, under my hip,'" 'as 1 must have you
ing of the natives, saying: ''Only if you-no,~
*Ce2GG:l wearby Jchowll, the mdc of the heaven@
listen to me! I m4lI give you the amount of silver
for the field. Take it f m me, that I may bury
ltze GodCof the earth, that you wiII not take a
'CR 27:l
e2Sa 24~2.1
my dead there."r
wifec
for my son3 from the daughters, of the
,:,,
%:a2
der 32:n
Ca'na~n~ltes
14 Then E'phran answered Abraham, saying
'
'
:
~
:
:
~
~
~ ~ ~fn among whom I am dwelling,@
y;
:
y
' ' 1
h
%uC you wiIl go to my country and t o my relato him: "My lord, listen to me. A land plot ~ c 13.5
h:v :i I :16
1:: 1 ,
titves(lcand you wilI certainly take a wife for my
worth four hundred silver shekels,=what Is that
(*;a.;,, 25:s
1 a,:,A
son,
for I s n a ~ . " ~
between me and you?z So bury your dead." "EZ'8B:1a
I ;,.
5 However, the servant said to him; "What
li'Accordingly Abraham listened to E'phron,
- 4 ;!A Y.1 lf the womanmdoes not wish to come with me
and Abraham weighed out t o E'phron the
to fliis Inncl?Must I be sure t o return your son
amount of silver that he had spoken in the
lo LBe land from where you went out?" a At this
hearing of the sons of Heth, four hundred silAbralmrn said to him: "Be on your guard that
ver shekels current with the merchants." l7 Thus *E,?~QQ
, ,!:,s RIB
.
you do not return my son thema JehovahCthe
the Aeld of E'phron which was in Mach-pe'lah
God"
of t h e heavens, who took me from m y fathat is in front of Mam're, the field* and the *g$;!o
:I;:: ;3:
il lcll l l : ~ther" house nnd from the land of my relativesda
cave that was in it and all the trees that were x,e?T;3
and who spoke to me and who swore" to me;
':a;[,li::, :5;7s
in the field which w e r e within all its bounda]?:I*
saying, 'Toyour seed*" I am goirig to give this
riesCround about, becarne confirmed' la to Abta- ;pb
Ilch 1~
ham as his acquisfion before t h e eyes of the
P.12 land,'1 he will send his angel3 ahead of you*
,I:\: 21 3
and you will certainly take a wife for m y son
sons of Heth among all those entering the gate
I:.i .: !:t'
1.~31:;
from
ihere,"utif thewornanshouldnotwish
$:i$
of his city? 19 And after that Abraham* b u r i d Ze
I !{*II !.14
io come with you, then you are free from this
, , 2F.3
Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Mach- :yr'g:12
\:u 70:s
0af11~J'OU gave me.* Orily you must not return
J,,u
If
'Literally, "ears." b K S h ~ k ~ l s .The
' ' shekel wns a weight of ailv~r
* l d t ~ ~ n l l ?". ,d ~ p a . ~b' Or, L L d n ~a ~"The
. " Ctod." Hebrm, E1.o-Aim',
or .of gold nnd contained 20 *knn~*'.
\Then weighed out, this weight

10 As it was, E'phron was ~if3ingamong the

sons of Heth. So E'phron the Hit'tite answered
Abraham in the hearing8 of t h e sans of Heth

(;p.;":">

(:P :IIJ:I;I
nc;:li;

,:

,;:,

24

1%

er

!',I;I()

;1i

;Q;;

4 ;4.

of precious metal was used as moncF. In pilrer i t nlnountcd to

ahout BOc to a shekelcl,or 2s. Gd.

~vttl~ont
I l ~ eilellnit~ortirlu I ~ a ft o l l o ~ ~by
~d
R rtep~ndentwort1 in the
~:l#riitira
relnliwlr. Or, "Iuolt~e." Or, "cffspi-ing; posten@."

'had had sexual intercoursea with her;' and she

vAc7:4
made her way down t o the fountain and began
hand under the hip of Abraham his rnastePIxe30'a
-Ge 24 :2
to All her water jar and thw came u p l7 At
and stvore to him concerning this matter."
G c 17:29
3'.1:G,J
once the servant ran t o meet her and said:
10 So the servant took ten camels" from the
"Give me,please, a little sip of water horn your
camels of his master and proceeded to go with
pjtcl~er."'
" In turn she said : "Drinlt, my
wery sort of good thing of his master's in hjs
With that she quickly lowered her jar upon her
hand. Then Re rose and got on his way t o ,Dc23:I
hand and gave him a drink." When she nras
Mes.o.po.tafmi.a@t o the c i b of Na'hor. l 1 &en- J 3 8
E h 19:6
finished dving him a drink, then she said: "For
tually he had the camels h e e l dotm outside lhc
2.1
your camels, too, I shall draw water until they
the city at a weUO of water about e v e n i n @ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~
am done drinking."* '"So she quickly emptied
time: about the time that the women who draw """12:'"
hcr jar lnzo the drinking rtrough and ran yet
water were accustomed to go
IeAnd he ::$?j:\:
nmtn and nmin to the wdl to draw water and
went on t o SEY: ''Jehovah the God of my master Jobi
kept drawing for all his camels. All the whiIe
Abraham, cause it t o happen, please, before me'
thc man was gnzing at her in wonder, keeping
this day and perfom loving-kindness0 with my 3; ?id;':'
silent t o know whether Jehovah had made his
master Abraham.' l9 Here I am stationed at a E,yr;:fl
trip suceessCu1 or not."
fountain of waterQ and the daughters of the o(;e?fl:lg
22 Consequently it came a b u t that, when the
men of the city are corning out t o draw water," 9
z
;O
:
camels had flnished drinking, then the man
I" I n a t must occur is that the young woman t o
took a gold"nose rine of R half shekel in weight
whom I shalI say, 'Let your water jar down,
nnd in70 hracelcts; lor her hands, ten shekels
please, that I may take a drink,' and who will
of gold wsbs their weight, " and he went on to
indeed say, 'Take a drink, and I shall: also water
s a y : "Whose claughtcr Elre you? Tell me,please.
your camels,' this is the one you must assign
Is there any room at the house of your father
to your servant, to Isaac; and by this let me .$E;$J
im us t o spend the night?" At that she said to
lmo~vthat you have performed loving-kindness 4
-Ce I I : ~
:1%;GS-ZL
c:c 22:211 him: "I nm the daughter of Bebthu'el the son
with my master.""
f;? 21:15
I s R 55:')
c < ; r IS:4
of Mil'cah, whom she bore to Na'hor."' 2z And
tifi:~
15 Well, it came about that b e f o ~he had Isn
J K l'r.19
3 )H !) 21
she said further to him: "There is both straw
1%1 32:s
finished speaIdng," why, here coming out was nc DI:
1 I'P 4:')
and
much
fodder with us, aIso a place to spend
k l ;:
~&
!..
I
Re-bck'ah,"\i+~ohad been born t o Be.thurel'the ?i,'.:l%;
k.1 51 8
the
night.'"
"' And tlre man proceeded to bow
!<.h sbl:m
son of Mil'&" the wife of Na'hort Abraham's ;;:;
down and prostratek himself before Jehwahi
brother, and her water jar was upon her shouland m y : "Blessed be Jehovah" t h e God of m y
d @ ~lC.Now
~
the young w o w was very at- eGen:14
master Abraham, who has not abandoned his
tractive in appearance,' a virgin,bp and no man LFx.%,
loving-kindness and his trustworthiness t o w a r d
my master.' Ibeing on the trip, Jehovah has led
a ''>h
o.p-b'mi.a,"
i
m g . Hebrew, A.wm'm.h.ra'im, mmninp
me
to t h e house of the brothere of my master,'"
"A'ram of the h u ri~m''.
b LXX. p r . # k e n r ~Irg,
; ~ir'90.

my son there."' With that the servant put his

GENESIS 24 :2-8

100

101

28 And the yomg woman went rrinning and

telling the household of her moth& about these
things." 'WOIV
Re+beKah had a brother and
his name was La'ban.: So h ' b a n went running
t o the man who was outside at the fountain."
B%d it came about that on seeing the nose
ring m d the bracelets on the hands of hjs sister' and on hearing the wordsQof Re.bek'nh his
sister, saying, "This is the way the man spoke
t o me," then he came t o the man and there he
was, standing by the camels RC the fountain.
At once he said: "Come, you blessed one of
Jehoval~.~
Why do you keep standing out here,
when I myself have made the house ready and
room for the camels?" 32 With that the man
came on into the house and he went lo unharnessing the camels and giving straw nand
fodder to the carnels and water to wash his
fcct and the feet of the men who were wit11
him.'
Then something to eat was set before
him, but he said: "I shall not eat> until I have
spoken about my mattersat' Hence he said:
mR0 12:11
"Sae~k!"@
??Oh R-,.5
34 Then he went on t o say : '? am Abrhom's A$
:%
servant."""And
Jehovah has blessed my master .r,,b 1;s
very much in that hegoes onmaking him great- ';:R,!?%
er and giving him sheep" and cattle and s i l v c f '::j;
and gold and menservants and maidservantsc :<;@
and camels and asses." " Further, S R ~ Rthe
~ ?iE:E;i:
IT:^
wife' of m y master bore a son to my master ;U
;n IR:IU
after her growing old, and 11e wjll give Slim !:021:1
cvcrythlng he has." So my master made me tf$ ;$!
swear, saying, 'You must not take a nrirc for my
son from the daughters of the Ca'naan-ites in x~mif
whose land I am dwelling.* ."No, but you will 1.:zrolt
go to the house of m y father and to my farnllyO,':j,C &:$

' G e ~ 4

"%24:5

'

PS 3 4 5

Heb 1:14
*Ge24:7

*Ge 24:8

r\-uM:a

JOS

GENESIS 24 :39-47

and you must take a wlfe for my son." But

I said to my master, 'What if the woman will
notcometr.ith me?""'Then hesaidtome, 'Jehovah, before whom I have tvi~llcd,will send his
angel"
wit11
x
~ you
~ nnd ~rvill certninly give success
to your trip and you must tnkc a wlfe for my
son from my famijy and from the house of my
father.* 4 1 A tthat time you will be deared of
obligation t o m e by mthn when you get to my
family, and if they will not give her t o you,then
you shall become free of obligation to me by
~ath,'R*
42 ''When I got to the fountain today, then

I said, "3eovvnl1 the Gacl of my master Abraham, if you are really giving success to my trip
4 N hew I am stationed a t
'g~gi?on which I am
a fountain of water, What must occur is that the
&
maiden" coming out to draw water t o
' ( ; r r a 4 : 1 3 I am cert~int o say,* "Plense, let me drink a
little watcr from your jar,'' 'I4and who will indert? say to me, "Both you talcc R drink, and I
shall also draw water for youi* camels,'~sheis
r ~ ~ c 2 4 : 1 4the woman wl~ornJchovah h ~ assigned
s
for the
r'r IS:=
I? 19.14 son of my master.'"
:t.',"3'.Fa 45 "Beforeb I was Anishcd speaking In m y
;:; g;:: heart,* why, them was Re.bekcah coming out,
with her jar upon her shoulder, and she made
2a65%s
Isa65:24 her way down to the fountain and bcgan to
Lia 9 Ti
A C I O , ~ draw 11.ater.~ Then I s ~ j r lto her, 'Give me a
'ISa 1:13
drink, please." "I So she qz~icltlylowered her jar
727
,'Ge24.17
$: $idl5from off her and saId, 'Take R drinlz, and I shall
also water your camels,' Then I took a drink
"g,eg;:: and she also waterccl the c n m e l ~ ". ~After that
I asked her and snic?, 'TYhose daughter are

::;','::R

to which thn svpnrcr makes hi~nself linllte by

Or, L'&ng,''
!rnnsgwssing his oath. Or, "rirgin."'ILKS, p ~ r . t R t ~ ' oi qg , rii'ga.

GENESIS 24 :48-56

102

you?" t o which she said, 'The daughter of

Be-*Ge 2 4 3 3

103

GENESIS 24 :57-67

vah has given success to my trip. Send me off,

that I may go to my master." " So they said:
"Let us call the young womana and inquire at
GGe 299
her r n ~ u t h . "58~Then they called Re.belrrah and
said t o her: "Will you go with this man?" In
E P ~45~10 turn she said: "I am willing to go."'D
Lu 1:B
59 At that they sent off Re.heKahXtheir sisVG, 2 2 : ~
ter and her nurse* and Ahpaham's servant and
gE
G e ~ 7 his men, d"And they began t o bless Re.bektah
Ge 27:s
Ge
6
and say t o her; "0 you, our sister, may you beGe 49.31
*Ge 36:8
come thousands times ten t h o ~ s a n d ,and
~ let
youp seedc take possession of the gat& of those
'GeE:37
who hate itnuen After that Rebbektahand her
3Ps45"
lady attendantsea rose and they went riding on
4e31:54
OGe 16:14 the camelsL and follo?ving the man, and the
Ge 25:n servant took Re.bekJah and gat on his way.
+Ge 123
Ge 13:1
62 NOWIsaac had come from the way that
G e ZO l
N U 13.22 goes to Beer-la'hai-roilofor he was dwelling in
1)r. '14.3
the land of the Neg'eb.pt 63 And Isaac was out
I i
tvdking in order t o meditate" in the field at
28
lfS:u
about the falling of evening. When he raised his
eyes and looked, why, there camels were com'Ge 25:n ing! G 4 When Re.bek'ahG raised her eyes, she
caught sight of Isaac and she swung herself
from off the carnelnc'" Then she said to
T;p;f43 down
the servant: "iTrho is that man there walking in
the field to meet us?'' and the servant said: "It
is my master." And she proceeded to take a
headclot cloth and to cover herself ," G%d the servant went to relating t o Isaac all the things he
had done. G7 After that baac brought her into
the tent" of Sarah his r n ~ t h e r Thus
.~
he took

thu'el the son of Na'hor whom MiI'cah bore to OGe ll:29

2220
him.'= Accordingly I put the nose r i n p on her Ge
Ge 2 ~ 1
nostril and the bracelets4 on her hands. And G e 24:22
16:12
I proceeded t o bow down and prostrate myself I GEze
e 24:22
J
e
r
2:32
before Jehovah* and bless Jehovah the God of Eze 14211
2.1:2G
my master
who had led me in the +Ge
B E E B:10
truea way to take the daughter of the brother %e 4 2 3
of m y master for his son. 4 g And now if YOU are
actually exercising loving-kindness and trustworthiness toward my master, tell me; but if
not, tell me, that I may turn t o the righto hand 3Ge .18:18
xGe 2 4 : E
or t o the left."'
50 Then La'ban and Be.thutel answered and
said: "From Jehovah this thing has issued. We
are unable to speak bad or good to you." 51 Here OAc 11 :I7
is Re.bek'ah before you. Take her and go, and
let her become a wife to the son of your master,
just as Jehovah has spoken," dnA%'
it came
about that when Abraham's servant had heard
their words, he at once prostrated himself on
2426
the earth before Jeh0vah.O 53 And the servant ode
1Ch 28:m
2
0
20:18
began t o bring out articles of silver and articles Ps 95:6
9Ge
27:fi
of gold and garments3 and to give them to Rebek'ah, and he gave choice things t
a her brother
21:3
and to hex mother.* 5 4 After that they ate and d2Ch
Ezr 1:6
drank, he and the men who were with him, and
they spent the night there and got up in the
Nk 26:31
morning.@
Then he said: "SENDme off to my master."
66 To this her bmther and her mother said:
"Let the young womana stay with us at least
ten days." Afterward she can go." But he said
to them: "Do not detain me,seeing that JehoOr, "tho girl." b GteraUy, *'with ua days- or ten [of them]." The
Sy reads: "with US L month of days,'' Compm aenesis 29: 14.

gB";5,jr

Or, "the girl." bLiterall;p, "thouaanda of m;priada." Or, "offqrin+g; y t ~ r i t y . ~

d lThat is, "gate [of the city].'' * Or, '*the&';
tlmt IS, t e seed. 1 Or, "her girls." g Or, '$outh." Em Grmesis 1 2 :9,
footnotec, "Meditate," iULXXSrg. That is, ''talk with himself.''

GENESIS 25 :1-11

104

105

Re.bek'ah and she became Rls wife,* and he fell &2Co

ill lovee with her, and Isaac found comfort3after E
:: E;::
the loss of his mother.8
Furthermore, Abraham again took a ilm
\vLfe,' and her name was Ke.tu'rah." In -Jcr
- G 3:s
c ~ : ~
time she bore him Zim"ran+a d Jok'shan and fk$$;:;g
Me'danq and Mid'i.anp and Ish%akand Shu'ah." -GC:c.tl.;
3 And JoKshan became father to She'ba' Fc j;?':'
st1 22 ,I
and De'dan."
N u 9:, If
And the sons of De'clan became As.shu'- :;&'2
rimbAand Le.turshimband LR.um'mim m.b ti;;? $1;
io
4 And the sons of hTidEi.anwere E'pbah";lri!;.
and E'pher' and Ha'noch' and A.bE'dat and &r1'2'%3
Jcr .:9,Y
EI.darah.+
E Z P 117: 13
I./@ i i : 2 0
All these were the sons of Ke-tu'rah.
n;sti 2 :I
5 Later on Abraham gave everything he had 2:;:,';,";P,

25

to Isaac,- %ut ta the sons of the concubines0 ;F:

;;i3

that Abraham had Abraham gave gifts." Then :;T:;,"i

he sent them away from Isaac his son, wMle he 11ob 1:2
was still alive, easfmard, t o the land of the
East." ' And these are the days of the years of ' J ~ M
Abraham's lifeCwhich he lived,= a hundred ancl ?g: gjt!
seventy-five years. 8Then Abrd~am"expiredo "c'em:19
-GI. 3:2n
and died in a good old age,k old and satisfied,O l{f;u15:15
and was gathered to his people.* So Isaac and
Ish'ma.e13 his sons buried him in the cave of :%$$,
Mach'pe'Eah in the field of E'phron the son of $;:;:
Ze'har the Hit'tite that is in front of Marn're,' ' ~ e 2 h . ! l
lothe field that Abraham had acquiredd from
the sons of Heth. There Abraham was buried,
and also Sarah3 his wife.= l1 And it developed %1

i!,:'

'JAitelnllg, ''after his mother"; but L X T reads: "concernir~gfinn~l~

his tl~otlvx"Tg : "which had resulted from tbc death of his n~otller.'"
b Xime esnh of these three nnmes has the plural enrli~~:tjit i t is understood that t h e n a n m represent tribes snd peoplcs, 0 LAEX,1's
and Sy read, "full of d&~s." Or, 'bought."

GENESIS 25 :12-21

that after Abraham's death0 God continued t o

bIcssa Isaac his son, and Isaac was dwelling close
< J r ; ~ 2n:1;
r r ;P L,: 19 by Beer-lahpli-mi.&
teio j r ; lo
12 And this is t h e historyaCof Ishka.elqthe
0
f;P w::>
son of Abraham ~vhornI-Pa'gmwthe Egyptian
of Sara11 bore to Abraham.
E": j;: .i.: the13maidservanto
Now these are the names of the sons of
kR'ma.el, by their names, accotrllng to their
family
origins:' Ish'm~.el'sfirst-born Ke.ba'ioth2
;kC;ce,",&3?6 3 and Iic'dar'
mrl Ad'bc.elAand Mib'sam'
and
Ssn r
3
1::
Mish'nka*
and
Du'mah"
and
hlas'sa,
l 5 Ha'dad*
r x I .>
Isn ~ i : i 8 and Tc'mn,'
Je1htr,m Na'phishm and Kedte.mah.t
t.713 27 11
These are the sons of Ishhma.el, and these are
I
their names by their settlements and by their
~ v d l e dc a m p : twelve chicStainsa according to
:
their Bans," And these are lhe y e a n of 1sh'I-il 21:14
1.31 nlarcllslife, a hundred ancl thirty-seven years.
!<'I1 b;l:>
rlc'j~~ : B L Thcn hc cxpircd and died and was gathered to
l7:21J
they took up tenting from
r ;,, Z D : ~ his peoplePCIR
,, 1 ,1,:,1 - i Hav'i.la11~nearAnd
Shur,+ which is in fronth of
Egypt, RS far FIS A s . ~ p % aIn, ~fronth of dl his
;!j;il;jl;;lo
brothers he settled
JB:~
19 h d this is the historyamof Isaac the son
of Abrslham,
cGo4E:O
Abraham became fatheln to Isaac. "And
I s ~ a chappened to be forty years old at his takG O 2223
ing Re.bek'ah the daughter of Be.thu'el' the
+Do 2ks Syrian" of Pad'dan-a'ram,~tlre sister of La'cCnn:33
banCt h e Syrian, ns his zvife. =* And Isaac kept
ntsnl:n
on entreating Jehovah especially for his wife,"
LU 1:13
because she was barren,
Jehovah he& and
me20:T
snswerecl him and Re.bek'ahc his wife became
M e ~8

LGo IG:?
( +:

,,,,,,
1.1

1l:i

1111(:11

*f

I
<(;LO

Or, "And thvsc nm tho hisltericnl nrifins."' Or, "to the enst."
FitcrnlCp, 4mlbcfell,'! 31; "hr clwelt ( p ~ f t l p c E L3X;
)~
'%e died," T'p
1 hitcmllg, "Ar.n.~t~ne'nr~.""J'ntlrdan-n'~bn~H,"'mennin~'The p l a ~ n
( l l u t l n t l d b ) oI h'rniu ( Sprin)"; a pnrt of i\Ies.o.po.ta'mi.n.
0

GENESIS 25:22-32

106

e 2934
pregnant." as And the sons" within her began to w
=Ro 9:lO
struggle with each other, so thnt she said: "If
this js the way it is, just why am I a l i ~ e ? " ~
28 :I3
With that she went to inquire of Jehovah.~"CGc
'1%
9.9
And Jehovah proceeded to say ta her: "Two 8Ge 85-11
2D:31
nationsd are in your nrornb,O mcl two peoplesa CGe
CGe 2729
];:I6
will he separated from your intv<u*dparts,; m ~ dZGe
36:31
the one people will be stronger than the other GC
s
w ,i2;;?4
~ G -0.29P
people, m d the older will sewe the youn~er."~"
25a S.lG
1KI 2 - 4 7
24 Gradually her days came to the full for 1Ch 15:13
2Ch 2.5:11
giving birth, and here twins were In her
;\rn I 11
RO 9:1a
" Thcn the first came out red nP1 over llEre a tGe
23.28
CCe 26 34
hairy garment, sa they called his name E'sauhan
" And after that his brother came out and his -Ge 2;:s
31:29
hand" was holding onto the heel" of E'SRLI,'
SO CGe
rGe 49:11
h e called his name Jacob.d'And Isaac was sixty LGe 27:6
years old at her giving them birth.
27 And the boys got bigger ~ n dE'sau he21:m
came a man knowing how to hunt,' a man of FGe
C e 2T:3
the AeId," but Jacob a harmlessr man, dwelling
31:25
In tentsa7*?'' And Isaac had loveo for E'sau, be- CGe
CGe 28:lg
23.21
cause it meant game in his mot~th,Kwhereas ,Ge
Ge3l:g
Re.bekrah was a lover of Jacob." :'' Once Jacob Heb 1 1 9
*Ge 27.6
was boiling up some
when E'sau came
along from the field and he was tired.' " "So Jg 8:4
F~R
~ aU
j dto Jamb: "Quick, please, give me a
15:15
swallow of the red-the red there, for 'I: am CEx
Nu 2 M . 1
tired!" That is why his name was called De 23:7
36:l
Fdom.13q TO this Jacob said: "Sell me first lC;e
4% 4 3 3 3
l
C
h
3:1
of all your right as fmt-born!"m 3 e And E'sau CGe 2739
conthued: "Here1 am simply wing to die: and CGe S:1&

SF mads: "Why do I liveT1' b Or,"minll~r." "E'mu," meaning

"Llmiry; Roug1~".d LtJaeob,"mmninp "Supplnntrr; Tnking hold of
the heel.'' *Orl "a wild man.'> 1 Or, 'kounrl; innocent." g l i t e r d y ,
" ~ O C ~ I W R KOHIG mas in his
Or, "pottage." L'"E'dom,''
rnenliing "Rerl; Ruddy".

107

GENESIS 25 :33-426:8

:$:: of what 'benefit' to me is a blrthrlght?"" 8 S And

Jacob added: "Swear to me flmt of all!"' And

OJJE;

Jrrh:ll:!)
M I ~ -3I 14

he proceeded to swear t o him and to sell his

rlght as first-born to Jacob,' :" And Jacob gave
= L h * *4($ G
(2:18 E'sau bread and lentil stew, and he went to eat':('rr 1532 ing and drinking." Then he got up and went
' 1 2.5
his way. So Etsau despised the birthright."
Now there arose a famine in the land,
p ~ ~ 4 ~ : m besides t h e first famineg that occurred
rce ]!:lo
' {;@2 7 . U i n illc days of Abraham,E so thnt Isaac9 directed
m""":'t
himself t o A.bimfe.lech kingp of the Phi.lisJt o Gerrar,* Then Jehovah ~lppenredto
?E:4u3i:7
him and said:? "Do not go down to Egypt.'
Tent in the Iand that I desimated to you. "e'=@
side3 for the time in this land, and I shall continue 114th you and bless you, because t o you
-B:l4
and to your seedbzI shall give all these lands,
ma 22m and I will carry out the sworn0 ~tatementthat
I sworeat o Abraham your lather;" "And I will
, 1 ;P rd1:24
I
,
' mt~ltiply your s e e d v i k e the stars7 of the heavens7 and I will give to your seed all these lands,
C;e I:!15 518 and by rneans of your seed all nations of the
earth \viH certainly bless themselves,"' "due to
cue
CC.lc:
YL:IT
1s
,xc s r, the fact that Abraham listened to" my voice
C;1 :t c.
and continued t o keep his obligations to me, my
,,
"'1.:~ 1"l..I
commands,' m y statutes," and my I a ~ 9 , "SO
~
r ].:II::.14a
0 T;U 3
I i:m: 2 3 Isaac went an dwelling at Gc'rar,'
C c 3H 19
7 Well, the rnen of the place kept nsklng with
3 [el) 11.1
. I ~ Ra : 2 1
respect
to his wife and he would say: "She is
P ~ , 271
V 1J
my sister."" For h e mas afraid' to say "My
r q c x . ;I
wife" for fear that, to quote him, '"he men of
the place should kill me because of Fte.bek'ah,""
3:
fi: ;!;:, because she was attractive in appewmce." So
*G@Zi.:Zfi
ac:c 1 1 2 1

[~:Io

III?~

26

, ,,

%rl

Or, "ri~htnn flr~t-born.'' b Or, "offupring; posherity!'

r ~ i a22 : I A , faotnotec. d Or, "obeyed,"

Bar flea-

109
it came about that as his days there extended
themselves A.bimre.lech king of the Phi.lis'tines1
was looking out of the n~jradotvaancltaking in *~~~2:15
the sight and there was Isaac having a good
time with Re-bek'ah his wife,'" At once A.bimP-:$?!Pit;:
:)3
e.lech called Isaac and said: "Why, she is no F:U
other t h ~ your
n
wife! So llou7 Is It that you said, IsU l i Y :5
'She Is my sister'? At this hat said to him:
"I, sald i t for fear I should die on her account."
laBut Ahbfn~'e.lech3
continued: "What is this 3Ju 8:Si
you ]lave done to us? A Fjttle more and certainly one of the people would have cohabited"
with your wife and you would have brought ;;;!:;,;;
guilP upon us!"O l1 Then A.bim'eJech command- Elrh i ~ : d
ed all the people, saying : "Anybody touching 2I.c 5 , G
this man and his wife wi1l surely be put to "~~:!~i518

:E:sj:i

death !"'"

l'r 4::FI
%r.c 2 , r

47 73
12 Aftelward h a c began to SO\@ s d in -LC
i L'A 67.li
that land and in that year he was getting up
to a hundred measures t o one,O ss Jehovah tvns ;; yo
blessjng 1An-r.' Is Consequently the man became
~7
great ant1 went on advancing more and more c:,. 2:,.Mt II
and growing great until he got very greatrn&;:!i:j:j:2
l4 And h e came to have flocks-f
sheep and ,lz$t,?i:4
herds of cattle' and a large body of servants, 'f;;';;?
(:,A

so t h ~ the
t Phi.lisFtinesbegan to envy him."
15 As for aH the ~.'c'eIIs
that the servants= of

<

CGC
~T;C
32:4
37:n

his father had dug in the d a p of Abraham his ipjf

father,' these the PhiJis'tines stopped up and
they ~vouldfill them mjth dry earth. '"Finally ;;h
A.himte-lech said to Isaac: "Move from our
neighborhood, because you have g-rown far
stronger than we are."O So Isaac moved from ' E x

there and encamped in the torrent valIeya d

a

Or,#'in the wacE (ar, arro~-01."

CGemz

GENESIS 26 :18-25

Ge'rar and took up dw~llingthere. a* And Isaac

proceeded t o dig &gain the wells of w ~ t c that
r~
they had dug i l l the days of Abraham his fatt~erabut 1%-hjchttlc PhiJis'tines went to stapping up after Abmham's death,: and he res~~med
cnlling their names by the names that his

Satller hadcallccl them."

19 And the servants of Isaac went on digglng
in the torrent valleyb and so they found thcre
OGe
R wellQof freshc water. 3 0 And the shephcrds of
fell t o quarreling with the Jiephcrds7 of
CG"aD:"G~ar
Isaac, saying: '"The water is ours!" Hence he
called the name of the well E ' ~ e k ,because
~
they
+c@
=:=
had
contended
with
him.'
And
they
wcnt
to
"1's 1R:ln
1'9 118 5
rllgglng
another
well,
and
they
fell
t
o
quarrelW;o 17:H
:
ing over it also. Hence he called its name Sit'( : * d l 52
na11.~2%~terhe ~novedaway from there m d
I :1 7
~l
*1,:,,11
,,,:,:RI dug mother well, but they did not q u a l ~over
it.
Hence
he
called
i
t
s
name
Re.hotbotlif
and
,
said:
"It
is
because
now
Jehovah
has
given
us
...I1
* 1.: :'!,,I
ample
room'
and
has
made
us
fruitfulr-'
in
the
f l ; ( * J . < If3
:J:!:l'h
eai-th,*'gf
1 .* d.d.1
,.-.
23 Then he went up from there to Be'erR
.I
12.1
m:ta ~ h e ' b a , ~
e4 "And Jehovah proceeded to appear t o
pGex21n
him during t l l ~ nightv
l
and to say: "1 am the
.-cc:H:3 Gal" of Abraham your father." Do not be
'csg"m
ccexz:7 afraidlAbecause 1 am with you, and I. will bless
you and rnt~ltiplyyour seed on account of Abra'G
C:OC l?;B
1.1.1
ham my servant." *n Accordingly he built an
r" l a l3 altars there* and called onh' the name of Jehoa ; c :;.; 20
AGeP1:31

;I.

,, ,,,,

b"Thnt thcy had dug in the d n y of ~ihrohamhis ffitnth~r,"31;

"thn t tho m t r r ~ n n t sof Ahrollnin
f ether hnd dug," LSXSnmI'g,
Or, "live; li~lu~g,"
4 dnlcnning
Or, "in thtl wndi (or, nrroyo) , "
' ' C n i ~ t ~ e t i o t i Strife-".
;
3Icnning "A~cusntion". blrn~~ingr
"\l'idr,
open plnvcs". g Or, "land." h Or, ''arlcl drclmed (pronrl~rtl)."'

'

GENESIS 26:26-35

r la

vah%and pitched his tent there, and the servants '&6:3

of haae went to excavating a well there.
26 Later on A-bii'e.lech came to him from
Gerrar wlth A.huz'zath his confidential friendm 1,;:;
and Phikcol' the chief of his arrnymm
a T At this EEX 6:26
Isaac said to them: "Why have YOU come to
me, seeing that YOU yourseIves hated me and so
g11
i:9
:7
sent me away from YOUR neighborhood?"'"'"To 'JAC
this they said: "We have unmistakably seen
t h a t Jehovah has proved to be with you.' Hence 2
' :;f
we said: 'Let, please, an oatha of obligation occur between us, between us and you, and let us
conclude a covenant0 with you,' 'U that you wW Eg ;i2&
do nothing bad t o w a d us just as we have not Heb6:16
touched you and just as we have done only good
toward you in thath we sent you away In peace.'
12:2
You now are the blessed of Jehovah.' '" """
menGGee =:I7
h e made a feast0 for them and they ate and zGe19:z
dranlr.' " Next morning" they were enrly in ris- :$,"G:
ing and they made sworn statements one to the :'p',"ig14
other.' After that Isaac sent them away and +%;:;%
they went from him in peace.
32 Now on that day it occurred that the
servants of Isaac came and reported to him regarding t h e
that they had dug and they
said to him: "'U7e have found water!" :I-Tence he
called its name Shi'bah." That is why tkc name
of the city is Berer-she'ba, down to this day," 'GP21:31
34 And ErsauOgrew to be forty years old. " G e Z j : 3 0
Then he took as wife Ju'dith the daughter of
Be.elri the Wirtite and also Bas'e.math the
daughter of Erlonthe Hit'tite,' '"And they were
Ez6

,,,,,

Bco Qcnetlis '24: 41, footnotea, b Or, ''tov~rdyou nnd," Ueaning ' f R i ~ ~ ~ n l hreferring
nd
t o an onth or ~ t n t e m ~ nsworn
t
t o by
aavcn thinga.

Wc41:8

a source of bitterness of spiritQ@

to Isaac and

'$gi8 Re.bekr&h.*

Now came about

27
old
were
then
E'sau
older son*

it
that when Is~ac?
was
and his eyesG
too dim to seen he
called
his
and said to
him: "My son!" a t which he said t o him: "Here
I
' And he \vent on t o say: "Here, now, I
have become old. I do not know f i e day of my
a t this time take, please, your im4Ce .1R:21 death." '50
.!n:rn plcments, your quiver and your how,? and go
+Gc25:2: out t o the field and hunt some venison for m
e:
rice
,H
Then make me a tasty dish such as I am fond
r;c ,I#J 3
1.w :1:1:1
of and bring it t o me and, ah, let me eat, in
,,L, ,.:,.,
order
that my soul may bless you hefore I die.""
if;Lfl,z.
' ( ;e+ ~5
5 Hcwever, Re.beKaho svas llstcning while
Tsnac spoke to E'su his son. And E'sau %vent
on out into the field to hunt game and to brlng
weN!fi It ln. %d
Re.bek'ah said to Jacobo her son:
"tTc?rc 3 just heard your fnthrr spealcing t o
R1.rnu YOIIY' hrothcr, saying, 'Bring. mc some
l:itlnr8 nncl make me a tasty dish and, ah, let
rnc eat, t h a t I may bless you before Jehovah
before my death.' ' And now, my son, listen to
rny voice in what I am comrnandlng you: Go,
*r.e
~ p2523
l F:I
l
please, t o the herd and get me from there t w o
kids of the goats,O good ones, that I may make
them up into a tasty dish lor your father such
as
he is fond of." ] T h e n you must bring it t o
*J1811
13:15
IB:ZCI
your father and he must eat it, In order that
he may bless you before his death.''
11, And Jacob proceeded to s ~ to
y RebeKah
his mother: "But E'sau my brother is a hairy
"*m:a
man and I am a smooth man.' t: What if my
father
feels
me?"
Then
I shall
certainly become
u
~
~
D
~
~
~

c0Gc2R'
~ ? ~an:^^
ie
mGr~.iH:IQ
Isn:':2
KC 12::1.
nc;c 2 . m

Or,

i 4 g r i ~of
f

GENESIS 27 :13--23

112

In his eyes Like one making a mockery ~ n Id

lfa
shall certainly bring upon myself n maledictione
and not a blessing."* lJ
At this his mother said "Egya
to him: "Upon me be the malediction meant far
g:\;-,;;
you, my son.$ Only listen t o my voice and go,
get them far me.') l4 Accordingly he went R I I ~ ISR ~?7:34
":!"
got tliem and brought them t o hb motl~erand """
his mother made a tasty dish suc11 as his Sathcr
was fond of.+ After that Re-lselr'ah took Ear- .Go ?5:aa

OJoss:15

maO

"LulS:m

and put them on Jacob her younger son, And

the skins" of tl~ekids of the goats she put upon m 2 2 : W
his hands and upon the hairless part of his
ncck.' Then she gave the tasty dish and the
bread that she had made into the hand of Jacob
Iler son.
18 So he went on in to his father and said:
"My father!" to which he said: "Here I R I ~ !
Who art? you, my son?" l 3 And Jacob went on '
~
to say to his father: "I am* E'sau your Amtbornmb1 have done just as you have spoken to C~~ 35:*9
me. Raise yourself up, pkase. Sit d o ~ ~and
~ l z eat
some of my game, in order that your soul may
bless ma" "n At that Isaac said to his son: "How
is it that you have been so quick in finding it,
my son?" In turm he said: "Because Jehovah" c e ~ 1 5 : ~
your God caused it to meet up with me,"" Then
ISRRC
said to Jacob: "Came near, please, that I
may feel you, my son,t o know whether you m e
really my son E'sau or not," 2 2 So Jacob came
ilear t o Isaac his father, and he went feeling
him, dter which he said; "The voice is the voice
of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of E'sau."
And he did not recognize him, because his
hands proved: to be hairy like the hands of
*

GENESIS 27 :24--31

Fsan his brother. Hence he blessed h i m P

24 After that he said: "You arc really my

son Etsau?" to which he said r "I am." 25 Then

he said: "'Bring it near to me that 1 may eat
some of the game of my son, lo the end that my
soul may bless you." 'With thnt 11e brought it
near to him and he began to eat, and he brought
Oce49:u
him wine0 and he began to drink. ' T h e n Isaac
his father said to him: "Come nenr, please, and
kiss me, my son." 2 7 SOhe cnmc near and kissed
'Gc 14:19
him, and he could smell the scent of his garGe 3
De
439:12 s
And he procecdd t o bless"him and to
L I ~ ~ ments.
I I ~

:;i;::;:t% I1

ments3 of E'sau her older son, the most desirable ones" which were with her in the house,

113

H I E 0 11 :6
* I lcb (i.7
l'c 1 ~ 1 1
11ii 37:l
~
~

'

=Y:

"See, We scent of my son is like the scent"

o
f
the field which JehovaIl has blessed.' ?9 And
11,) 45:s
14:)
11:5
may God" give you the dews; of the heavens"
2?;12
4.,.13
ria 1 1 : ~and the fertile soilshAof the earth and an abunN ,,, 2
;,l.B
~ : 3 dance of grain and new wine,' 20 Let peoples"
serve you nnd let trlb-a lmw low t o you.' Be;,jF,fP;',L
~ t . ~ *:"I, some
~ rnaslcr
~ ovclr~yomubrothers3 and let the
sons
n
t
.
T
yot1r
mother bow low to you.w Cursedg
'
be each one of those cursing you and blessed be
1I 2:ii
1
:
each one of those blessing ~ o L I , " " '
ha72.5
1.5
9:7
~ d 2 : i l
30 NOWit came about as soon as Psaac had
Rr?.lB:i6
c ~ 4 9 . 3 finished blessing Jacob, yes, It indeed m e
:14 about when Jacob had barely come out from
,%a 6Il;w
before the face of Isaac his father, that E'sau3
xu 24.9 his brother came back from 11 is hunting. " And
zcp 2 S
he, too, went. about nl~lringa tasty dish. The11
he brought it to his E ~ t h e r~ n said
d to his father: "Let my father get up ~ n eat
d some of
.I*

( ;tr

;IT

I;?SII + { . I
IS

"God?'Hebrew, 7icr-~l.o.hia$',Thp rleflnitc n ~ t i r l eAra ia doubtless

u s ~ dhere in order to srpnrntr ISr.u.ltits' fn~mt l n~ ~>rrcerlin::p~epositianaI pheae P l ~ h n("to you"). Clou~pnrt.Clencsiu 22 : 3, footnotec.
b..Tlme f e d e SOEIR!'
Litersllj-, "tlrr fntncqrcu," refeldllg to fertitOr, dsnationnlgroups." Vg, "tril)cs>'
i*.

his son's game, in order that your soul mag.

Mess me."' At this Isaac his father said t c
him: "Who are you?" to which he said: "I am

*Ge27:4

% a0:5
your son,Dyour first-born, E'sau."* '89 And Isaac 3
*Ge 23:25
began t o shake with a great trembling in ex- G e 25:30
treme measure and he broke out: "Who then
was it that hunted for game and came bringing
it to me, so that I ate of everything before you
could come in and I blessed him? Blessed, too, -\Ge 29:3
Ro 933
he will become!""*
Heb 11:m
CGe
313
34 On hearing his father's wordsc E'sau be13:28
gan to cry3 out in an extremely loud and bitter :.Lu
~ e i2:r7
o
manner and t o say to his father: "Bless me,
even me too, my father!" 3&Buthe went on to
say: "Your brother came with deception that
he might get the blessing meant for you."E X s a 55:9
3a At this he said: "Is that not why his namec W e 29:s
is called Jacob,b in that he should supplant me
% 2726
these ~FVOtimes?" My birthright he has already 4Gc
3228
*Ge
taken," and here at this time he has taken my Ge 2531
2i:M
blessing!"* Then he added: "Have you not re- *Ge 2728
served a blessing for me?" But in answer to
E'sau Isaac continued: "Here I have appointed
27:29
him master over you," and a11 his brothers I @Ge
2Sa 8:14
11:15
have given t o him as servants, and grain and 1Ki
Ro 9!12
27:28
new wine I have bestowed fox his sustenance/ AGe
De B:2E
and where is there anything I can do for you,
my son?"
33 Then E'sau said to his father: "k there
just one blessing that you have, m y father?
Bless me, even me too, my father!" With that
m34
E'sau raised his voice and burst ints teame 0Ge
Isa E : 1 4
Heb 12:17
3D SO in answer Lsaac his father said to him:

"Behold, away from the fertile soilsn of the

your dwelling0 will be found, and away
$,"b21"i4m
from the dew of the heavens above.' And by
x e 31:26
your sworda you will livezs and your brother
W e 31:32
eGe 3 2 : ~ you will serve.*But it will certainly occur that,
ate 26:13 when you grow restless, you will indeed break
xGe 25:23
his yokeo off your neclr."'
2Sa 8.4
l I < i 11:15
41 Rowever, E'sau harbored animosity* for
2111 1477
1Ch 18:11
am$
on account of the blessing with which
,,Ki,:20
gj& his father had blessed him, and E'sau kept sayoc*Q:B ing in his heart:' "The days of the period of
*&Ei:$
mourningo for my father are getting loser.^
?:I2 After that I a
m going t o kill Jacob m y brothAm 1.11
c l h 10
er."A 42 When the words of E'sau her older son
r,<:1. 3523
n?sn~a:m were told to Re.bek'ah, she at once sent and
' ' ' 2
called Jacob her younger son and said to him:
"Here E'sau your brother is nursing revengeb
bPna:n against you by killing you.b 'Wow, then, my
"""IIRrr
mn,listen %
I my voice' and get up,m away to
,m , w:n En'bann my brother at Ka'ran.c And you must
dwrll wilh him for some days until the rage of
your brother calms down, '"until the anger of
your brother turns away from you and he has
forgotten what you have done t o him. And I
shall certainly send and get you from there.
Why should I be bereaved also of both of YOU
in one day?"
46 After that Re-bek'ah kept saying to Isaac:
'Ge 47:9
"1 am disgusted with this lifez of mine because
:g=$;!4 of the daughters%$ Heth." If Jacob ever takes
a wife from the daughters of Heth like these
2;
from the daughters of the land, of what goodc
EGe 24:3 is life to me?"n

s:![;i"earth

;W

"Fertile soils." Literally, "fatnesses,l' referring to fertilitp. b OF,

.
"E'sau is eornfortillg kilnself [with vengeance].'' *Or, "use."
a

Or,"centinne." Neaning L'Sapplanter;Taking hold of the heel".

GENESIS 28: 1-9

116

117

Consequently IsaacQ c a11e d Jacob and 1%;;!g

blessd him" a d commanded- him and
said t o hjm: "You must not take a \vile-' from _g$;:l
rep 31:4
21
the daugllters of Ca%-~aan."~~
' Get up, go to 'rGGPe 32437
Pnd'dnn-a'ramb to the house of Be-thu'el the ?;,"l::;f
father of your mother" and from there take "c 32:ll
yoill-self n n-ilefrom the daughters of La'han the
m11
brother of your mother.' A n d Go& AlmightP -Ge
;cc 22.m
will bless you and make you flui tful and multi- g~:$%
ply you, and you will certainly become a c o n g r ~,
gation' of peoples.=" And he will give t o you Y$$;g
the blessing of Abraham, t o you and t o your
:;;is
seed with you, that you may take possession oP 1x0 4:17
the lmd of your temporary residcnces, which 'E,E,:$7,
G e 22:17
God has given to Abraham."*
K e b ll:9
5 So Isaac sent Jacob3 away, and he struck 7Gc2c:.i
out for Pad'dan-afram,b for La'banD the son of 'mz;XO
"-4sm
I3e.thu0elthe Syrian,dthe brother of R~.bek'ah,~
mother of Jacob and E'sau,* "When E'sau3 s~lwIGws2:3
that Isaac had blessedp Jacob1' and had sent $~g;,:l"5
him away t o Pad'dan-a'raml"o take from there
a wife for himself, and that when he blessed
him he laid the command upon him, saying,
2 + ~
"Donot take a wife from the daughters of Ca'naan" ;re md that Jacob was obeying his father
and his mother and was on his way to Pad'dnn- Es;i2
dram;" then E'sau saw that the daughters of
Ca'naan" were displeasingr in the eyes of Isaac gz ?$;:
his father." OHence E'sau went ta Ish'rnanelxo'"""5:23

28

ITel~ra~r.,
F:I, xvitl~outthe delinit? nrtivlo.

d I,it~~mllp,
"2b.n-~~mc'aal'
.lrteoh is ~ 1 1 1I)vfrnro hi<olller t-n-inl)rotl~crE'snu, ilrnoting preference. 1 Or, "~ril;wirk(2ri." g Or, -t.he
ld~5~1a.rl.itrs,"
B;r now l.th'n~n.el l~iulsulflvns dent1 nitd 32'~au WES
n11uuC 77 yenrs old, See Benasis 28 : 17,

* iL,l:l(,O1l nnd

E'kr~u."S o t e t h n t

and took as wife Ma'11a.lath the daushter of

, rskfma.el the son of Abraham, thc sister of
al:17 Nc.baliorh, hes?des his other wivw,'"
C(;e 2R:lJ
(;@ 3i:3
10 And Jacob continued on his way out from
3 0 flw
Re'er-slze'bam
and kept going to Hn'ran.'
In
' G o 1, L:31
time he came across a place and set about
rGc32:31 spending the night there beca~rsethe sun-ad
set. SO he took one of the etoncse of the place
nncl set it as his head supporter" and lay clown
XU 1 2 4
";C 32:l
I c,,:,,in that place. " And he bclgsn t o dream' and
here there was a ladder1) stationed upon the
f;t!j,y;l\i
<
.i!l:zo
earth and its top reaching up t o the heavens3
""it' :":"
and here there were God'a angelsm ~scending
'
and descending on It," '"nd
thcre 3ch0vah'~
was
stationed
above
it
and
he
proceeded
to say: *
'
1.\(;1
"1
om
Jehovah"
the
God
of
Abraham?
your
-' II+ * * ~ , 21o father and the Gad of Isaac." The land upan
which you are lying, to you I am going to give
H nnd t o your seed," l4 And your sccd' will cer: :! l;qmP
1.1
tnltlly hcrame like the dust pa-licles of the
f b I, 2 I
rbnl.tI\ nrztl you will certainly spread abroad to
,l l , # +
i .,
tllc \vestc and to the east and to the north and
to the south,d m d by mearts ofyou and by means
&I
your seed all the families of the ground will
bless themselves.co l a And here I am
;Z : ~ A certainly
!with
you
a
d I will keep you ln all the way you
32 12
are
going
and
I will return you t o this ground,
; 1 6 hecause I am not
going to abrindon you until I
have
actually
done
what I have spaken t o you."'"
'Ge
C:O :E 9
c:c 4t': f
116 Then Jamb awoke from his sleep and
said:
Jehovah is in this place and I my~:;?~
~ : "Truly
~~
< 1-< 3 ~ 7 self did not know it.'l" And he gwrv fearful
,,,,
(it8

,,I

:114.'1

I.?,

.L!$z
,zh,f;,l

Or, "the Ca'nnan.it~." b "Pud'dnn-n'rnnl," ~tirnrling"The plain

( flntlnntlb) of A5lain [ Syiin)": n 1 ) ~ rof
t .fl~~.o.l~o.hl'i~ii*a.
"C;od.'*

GENESES 28 :1 6 1 7

1 1 8

(-0,

,.,

Or, s hi^ pillow." * Or, "rising flight of ~tanea!' ditarnlly, "see:'

thrtl inI tho Mediterranean sea. d literally, "N~g'cb,"~

thnt ia, the
~ u u t h e r npart of l'nlestine. Or, "will ccrtninly be blensrd," LXXT7g,

GENESIS 28 :18-29 :3

3.19

118

and added; 'WHV fear-inspiring this place is!' '2

This is nothing else but the houseo of Goclan and M I 1;:a
this is t h e gate of Ule heavens." " So Jacob got QGc!31 :l 4
up early in t h e morninp and took the stone ~ T ; ~ J , , : L
that was there as his head supporter and he $
:! ij;;
set it up as a pilIarC and poured oiI%n the top "ij: f!i;:
: ~ 2);:,
of it.'
W h e r , he called the name of that ' 1JrrS
l :1
place Bethtel,b" but, the fact is, Luz was the ~ r ; c n ~ . t . ~
Y;C ~ 4 : 1 8 :
city'sc name
*@ 31 !
I3
20 And Jamb went on to v o w a vow, saying: T
-Ge 12:R
"'If God will continue with me and will certainly JJ? 1 22
keep me on this trip on which I am going and
will certainly give me bread to eat and dothing
t o wear". " and I shall certainly return in peacec 2% g;,&
to the house of my father, then Jehovallo will 'Nu 21:18
have proved t o be my Godhrq" And this stone :2;:,2,
that X have set up as a pillar will become a
house of God," and as for everything that you
will give me I shall withou.t fail give the tenth
-Qe =:I
of it t o you."'
Lo 2;:90
After that Jacob set his feet in motion De 1hi:22
and traveled on t a the land of the orlen- aNu Q ~ : ~
tnls." Wow he looked and here there was a :P,f'j!,o
2:ia
well3 in the field and here three droves of
sheepe5 were lying down there by it, became x e ; # ) : 3 2
from that we11 they were accustomed to water;
the droves, andI there was a great stone over 2Ge 31:rlS
the mouth" of t h e welL" When all the droves :E:jf::g
had been gathered there, they rolled away the EX
stone from off the mouth of the well and they JOh 'I:"
watered the fl-O
after which they returned 3Ga a:41
the stone over t h e mouth of the well t o its place.

(ca 3O:l
W e 11: A t
clo 2i:.E:l

:<:
?I'

,:,

'

Meaning
cWouse of God*'. Or, "must bemme Uod [B.o.kim'] to me.'"
flLiteraltp, "land of the sona of the enst." *Or, 'kmall eattle," in.
clntbng goats.
8

to them: "My brothers,

from what plnce are YOU?" t o which they said:

"We are from Ha'rau.""hThen he said to them:
'90YOU Iaow h'bm the son of Na'hor?"' to

which they said: " W e know him." At this he

r*ccsr:ld said to them: "Is it dl right with him?"auIn
1Sn XI:?
turn they said: "It Is dl rightb And here is
{ C e m:m Rachel hts dnrrghterC coming with the sheep!"
' G e 34.1
And he went on to say: "Why, it is yet full
It 1s not the time for gathering t h e
herds, WATERthe sheep, then go d e e d them."
TO this they said: " W e are not dlorved to do
so ltntjl all the droves are gathered and they ac~ C 3kl
P
tually roll away the stone from off the mouth of
,I "*{:l>l
the well. Then we must water the sheep."
,I ;:,,., :,rv:,o
, ~ l i i . l ! l 9 While he was yet speaking with them,
Rachelv c m e with the sheep that belonged
C Y .* :10'11
to her father, for she was a ~hepherdess.~
loAnd
It cnme bout that when Jacob saw Rachel t h e
x1!P1 r l n u ~ h t ~ofr Ln1h:~n(!
his mother's brother and
!tie S I I I ~ Iof
~ ,Ln'ban his mother's brother, Jacob
immediately ~pproachedand solled away the
stone horn off t h e mouth of the well and wa. F:u 32 9 7: tered the sheep of La'ban his mother's brother.'
;
3:E 4.1 .71)
Then Jncob kissedp Rachel and raised his
,, ,::,
!!I>IG ie
voice
and burst into tears,' leAnd Jacob hem
.,,,,
i ;4 ~
'i:m
to
tell
Rachel that he was the brotherw of her
,
ifnther
and that he was the son of Re.bek'ah.
!i 7,
''uU2.1
And she went running and telling her father.'
13 Now it came about that as soon as La'ban
hmrd the reporto about Jacob the son of his
Then he
-gty:$sistero he went running to meet

f.mhg:~s day.cS

29

(i(iod.p Hebrew, El.o.him0, with no definite artilicle.

4 So Jacob%said

GENESIS 29:4-13

,.,
,

'::;

Li,itcmlly, "In them pence to him ?'*

Literally, "theg aaid :
'Pence I' " a Or, 'Why,therr k yet mu& of the day left'" '%mthor," but nctunllg the nrphew,
a

GENESIS 29 :1 G 2 5

221

120

embraced him and kissed him and brought him,

on into his house,* And he began to relate to t$; 4345
La'ban all these things. l4 After that La'ban I-u $:'la
said to him: 'You are indeed my bone and my Ac 20:37
flesh,"=@So
he dweIt with him a full month.n c ,w:m
2:23
15 After that La'ban said to Jacob: ''Is it be- $/gy;f:2,
cause you are my brother3 that you !nust serve
z3q
me for nothing? Tell me, What are your wngcs c;j; p , i w
to be?"+leAs it was, Lafban had two daughters, cnP ,I,:I~
T11e name of the older was Le'ahc. and the d? :ti1:
name of the younger Rachel. 17Bkrt t h e eyesm:fiF$::f7
of Le'ah had no luster,h whereas R a c h e l q h ~ d ;;;if",
become beautiful in form and beautiful of coun- ;:&ly2
a1:1s
tenanceaS" And Jamb was in lovez with Rachel. ZIT
bn 2 1%
So he said: "I 2am ~villingt o senre you seven rr:?
3t:a
yearsQ for Rachel your younger daughter."" ;:!~;ii:y
IDTo this La'ban said: "It is better lor me to :
;$;9
give her t o you than for me t o give her t o an;\j;:

?r
tc

:';

'z,;

110 n,a
ather man. Keep dwelling with me."D '%d
Jacob proceeded t o serve seven years for Rn- "'''':2
chel," but in his eyes they proved to be like
some few clays because of his love for her,+ bE; ;;j"7
21 Then Jamb said t o La'ban: "Give e v e r 2;-n r , : ~ ~
3q:l5
my wife, because m y days are up,O and let me '1.p
.I,: ,:,:I
have relations with her.'" ' W i t h that Ln'ban 'i4 !$iO
gathered all the men of the place nncl made a i;;h,?,;\
.:C:N
feast.'3 " But i t turned out that during the eveningO he resorted to taking Le'ah his daughter x @ 3 0 ' l f l
nncl bringing her t o him that he might have
relations with her. 2d Moreover, La'ban gave t o
18m1
her Zil'pahVis maidservant, even t o Le'nh his GO 48.18
daughter, as a maidservant,' So I t followed
in the morning that here it was Le'ah! Consequently he said t o La'ban: "What Is this you
Litcrnlly, "a month of clap." b Or, ''were dull (wcnk)."
Or,

L4fulflll~d.'~

GENESIS 29 :26-34

have done to me? 1It not for Rachel that I

served with you? So why have you tricked
me?"''O To this W b n n said: "It is not mistomary to do this way in our place, to give t h e
smaller woman before the first-born. :7Celebrate to the fuIli"he weekE aP this woman.b
After that there shall he glven to you also this
other womanC for the servicew that you can
serve with me for seven yews more,"" 2 B A ~ cordingly Jacob did so and celebrated f111Iy the
week of this worn~n,lJ~ f l e which
r
he gave him
Rachel his daughter RS his wife. "' Besides, La'ban gave Bil'hnh ' his maidservant t o Rachel
his daughter as her maidservant.
30 Then he hnd mlations also with Rachela
and also expressd mom love for Rachel' than
for Le'ah, and he rvent t o serving with him for
yet seven yearn more," "l When Jehovah came
to see that Le'ah wns hated, hc then opened her
womb,O' but Rnchd wns bnrren, And Lefah
becnme pregnant:' and brougl~ta son t o birth
and then called his name Reu'ben,az* for she
said; "It 1s because JchovnEl has looked upon
my wretchedness,' fn that now my husband'
will begin to lore mc.'' And she became pregnant again and brought a son to birth and then
said: "It is because Jehovah has listened," in
that I I ~ ~ Ebated
E
~ n dso he gave me also this
one." Hence she called his name S h t ~ ' e ~ o n , e ~
"'An she bccnmc pregnant yet again and
brought a son t o bIrth nnd then said: "Now this
time my husband will jail1 himself t o me, because I have borne hjm three sons," His name

>

Or, "falfi1l."' b Thnt i ~h,'ala,

,
a T l ~ n tis, Rachcl, d Meaning
n eon?"* Xeaning '.Henling [wit11arrvp!nncc]",

"SEE,

123
3:23
was therefore called Le'vi.""@ 35 And she became *Ge
!NU 18:2
nr:
a:w
pregnant once more and brought a son t o birth 'Dr 3:t:7
and then said: 'This time 1 shall praise Jeho- IC'h
alr 1:2
vah." She therefore called his name" J ~ d a h . ~35(;P
): P~.11,45
'
35:?5
After that she left off giving birth,
e 31;4
1Vhm Rachelc came to see that she had W
3Gr 3l:l
1:0
borne nothing to Jacob," Rachel got :TSR
1's 1-t:"IO
jealous3of her sister and began to say to Jacoh: 1ro %'!
18 :15
"'Give me children or athenvise I shall be a uK4~
Jon 4.3
3I;c *tI:M
dead0 woman.'" 'At this Jacob's angerc burned 3C.u 34:7
against Rachel and he said: "Am Z in the place
3Ex 1&15
of God, tvho has heId back the fruit: of the UCc
1R:2
5:21
womb from you?"'
So she said: "Here is my c;e
Cic 50:lI)
slaveCgirl Bil'hah. Have relations with her, that W e ;Il:;W
she may give birth upon my knees and that I,
even I, may get chiIdren from her."* With that *Gr Id:$
she gave him Bil'hah her maidservantfi EW wife 3Ge 31:s
and Jacob had relations with her," And Bil'hah G e 10:s
Z C e 38:s
became pregnant* and in time bore Jacob a aGe
BPI:22
s0n.O" Then Rachel said: "God has acted as +Ge 10:4
~'CC
ri:l:lb
my judgeg and has also listened to my voice, so
that he gave me a son." That is why she called
0 0 m:25
his name Dan.cob And Bil'hah, Rachel's maid- 3aGe
.1!1:16
9:1:22
servant, became pregnant once more and In time Dc
JI: 12:2
bore a second son to Jacob. T h e n Rachel said:
"With strenuousd wrestlings I have wrestled *Ge 49:21
Dc M:23
with my sister. I have aJso come off winner!" hlt .i:l3
Ct.; e ?.I :i?S
So she called his name Kaph'ta.li.oG
9 i n e n Le'&= came to see that she had lefl XP31:1
off giving birth, she proceeded t o take Zil'pah
her maidservant and te @ve her to Jamb as
wife.' " In time Z i l r p h , Wah's maidservant, .Ge 16:3

30

SIamhg ''Adherence; Joined''. b Meaning tTraimd; [objrct of]

Pxise". a?heaning "Judge". d Q r , "supmhulnan." Litemtly,
"God's." Hehrew7 ELakim', without the defiuite nrticle. *Meaning
I631y ~ ~ t l i n ~ ' ' ~

GENESIS 30:11-20

bore a son to Jacob.' I L Then Le'ah said: "With

Portune!"n' So she called his name Gad.bW

36:4
.KBR fi5.11

r<:e :i
l erl
good
a(;@

:<I

?lr

After t h a t Zil'pnh, Le'ah's maidservant, bore a

second son to Jacob. " Then Le'ah said: "With
'I:O
,,41i
.,,,i i my happiness! For the daughters will certainly
c 1 )P .'l:l~":J pronounce me happy."" 50 she called his name
C l ;r. :li:?li &W(?r,';*
14 Now Reu*ben"ent
walking in the days"
i:::::
o
f
the
wheatp
harvest"
and
came to find man1
;
1.3
d r ~ k e s V nthe field. So he brought them t o
h r a h his mother. Then Rachel said to he'ah:
"Give me, please, some of your son's mana c o a : r n drakes,"" '%At
this she said to her: "Is this a
little thing, your having taken my husband,
with your now taking ~ l s omy son's mandrakes?" So Rachel said: "For that reason he
t"c'mm:7 is going t o cohabitG with you tonight in exchange for your son'@ mandrakes,"
16 When Jacob was corning from the field in
,rrn 4 o : n the evening," Lc'nh went on out t o meet him and
thrn snid: "It is with me you are going t o have
relations, because I have hired you outright
wit11 my son" mandrakes." Accordingly he coiltCo 7:s
habited wlth her that night.* h d God heard
I x a i:m
~
and an6wei8ed Le'~h' and she became pregnant
Lu 133
and in time bore t o Jacob a fifth son. lSThen
Le'ah said: "God has given me a hireling's
31:s
wages,""
hecause 1have given my maidservant
C L M 34:15
~ o 7b : ~ to my husband." So she caIled his name Is%ac c 3S 23
I[' And Le'ah became pregnant once
L E S 4U117
G**!):I~ m ~ r e
and in time bore a sixth son to Jacob.
Dc T7.lS
14
1 2 . ~ 2 Then Le'ah said; "God has endowed me, ym,
The marinn1 footnote of Jlt mye this ~honldbe vowel-pointed
;

r\c

451
:i.tm2u
:!I

C;O

'

'O

and mrt : "Goad fortune has come 1" BZganing "Oond fortnne".
0 JIennin~"FInppy; Hap in~ss". Literdl y, 'Lgivenmy wages las
fi hirrhnp]?
3Lanaing 'Ofin i s r a g ~ s " ;or, "Be brings r a g a J "

125
me, with. a g o d endowment. At last my husbmde wilt tolerates me,b because I have borne m 2 l : T
him six sons. So she called his name Zelfu1un.e"
And aftenvard she bore R daughter lq;;F;;
11%( :27
i~
and then called her name Di'nah.d0
h l t 4: 17
22 Finally God remembered3 Rachel, and y;,c4;:lj
God heard and answered he^ in t h ~ he
t opened r:,, ei;:ls
het*
dnA"'
she became pregnnnt ~ n c lxkxq:n
brought a son to birth. Then she said: "God has nGe 34:14
talcen away my repr~ach!"~"
" So she called his t:j!
name Joseph,"=*saying: "Jehovah is adding m- Ez $;:
I'R 1 1 ~ : n
other son t o me."
3's 1273
25 And it iol?owed that when Rachel had ":;;L;:;"
given birth to Joseph Jamb immerlintely said ; ;:;5
t o La'ban:" ''Send me away t h a t I may go to Y ; P :)I 1
A(. Y.!)
40'22
my place and t o my country.' "; Give over my """
wives md my ~ h i l d r e nfor
, ~ whom I have served
;:;$,
with you, that 1 may go, far you yoursclf must ;;;l,;ln
know my service which I have rendered you.'"
Then La'ban said to him: "If, now, I: have
found favor0 in your eyes,O-I have taken the 3Wre;3rl:ii
35:7
~
omens t o the effect that Jehovah is blessing me
due t o you.'" "And he added: "Stipulate your hGPm:14
\tmagest o me and I shall give them,''b So he "ec2":15
ce~ 9 : l c i
mid to him: "You you~selfmust know how I
have served you and how your herd has fared

:zz

Or, "dwell (lire) n-ith." b Or, "81 lnst nly h~irl,nnrlwit1 mnke nv

For this pomible ~enJeritlgm e l'rlrts Tratnr n r w t r r ~ ~Tol.

~ , I, 340. 1, of January 1951, pngcs 69,00 (pablialled
nt L~irlcn,The Sethedandu) . Thp LAX rrnrla I~ct~ih
: ('My llusI,nnd
will choose tne [as TFife],'' The Ashgrinrl rnal,srtbnlu, relntrvl to
tlie Hebrew verb zra0balJhere, nlenns "to d r n ~(draw) ; to c3rl,rl.y
lu:~rln",nnd Iin* the maritnl signiflcnncc "to ln0iliK* tile ~ ~ j n i - l - i Fn~rS~T R
e l the hudmnd into t h e house of Iliq P n t I ~ n ~ - i n - l ~ ~a~3.1' ~' .n r i11i q
"llnhitatinn ; Dwelling"; or, ( 9 ) "Tolrrntion"; ''hrrlul~iy~!'d Mmning "Jrtdgd [that is, Acquitted; Vf~dicntcd] * AIconEng "Jrlcrmfiwr ; Adder".
F l i ~lo~itinlntewife."

".

GENESIS 30:30-37

with me;' 30 that it was little that you actually

had before my coming and it went expanding to
a multitude? in that Jehovah blessed you since
I stepped inso So now when am I to do something also for my o r m house?"'
31 Then he said: "What shall I give you?"
And Jacob went on t o say: "You will give me
nothing whatsoeves!"If you mill do this thing
for me, I sl~allresume ahepherclii~g~
your flock.
I shall continrae guarding it." I will pass among
your whale flock totlay. You set aside from
there every shwp speckled and with color
patches, and every dark-brown sheep" among
the young rams and any color-patched and
'speckled one amonR thc she-goatsacHereafter
such must be my n ~ ~ g c sz:. "Rnd my right-doing
must answer for me on whatever future day
you may come t o look over m y wages;n every
one t h a t is not apcckld and color-patched
among the s h e - ~ m t snnd clnrl: bvown ~rnongthe
yollnE rrnms is something stden if it 1s with me."
34 To this La'ban said : "Why, t h ~ is
t fine!&
Let it be according to your word,"0 Then he
set aside on that day the he-goats striped and
color-patched and all the sl~e-goatsspeckled and
color-patclled, every one in rvhich there was
any white and every one dark bronm among the
yomg rams, but he gave them over into the
hands of his sons, After thnt he set a distance
of three rlays~jourhey between himself and
Jacob, and Jacob was shepherding the flocks o f
La'ban that remained over.
37 Then Jacob took for his use staffsh still
a Lit~raUy,
"La%an
b Or, "rods; tw-is.''

riaid : 'Look I 'IVould 2hnt [it were ltbnt n-ny] !' "

GENESIS 31: L 1 2

127

look at the face of La%an, here it wxls not with

him as formerly." :' Flnally Jehovah said to
Jacob: "Rehrn' to the landff of your fathers2
and to your relatives,"and I shall contjnue with
~ O U . "a ~Then Jacob sent and called Rachel%nd
I d a h o out to the field to his flock, " and he

moist of the storax tree and of the almond tree

and of the plane tree and peeled in them white
peeled spots by laying bare white places which
were upon the s W k n aR Finally the staffsn
which he had peeled he placed in front of the
flock, in the gutters, in the water3 drinking- *edef4
troughs, where the Aocks would come l o drink,
that they might get into a heatt) before them
when they came to drink,
39 Consequently the flocks would get in heat
before the staffs, and the flocks would produce
stripd, speckled and color-patched ones.' 4U And 'GcJ1:lo
Jacob separated the young rams and then
turned tlze faces of the flocks ta the striped
ones and all the dark-brown ones among the
flocks of La'ban. Then he set his own droves
by themselves and did not set them by the
flocks of La'ban. And it always occurred that
whenever the robust flocks would get in heat,
Jacob would locate the staffs in the gutters hefore the eyes of the flock, that they might act
in heat by the staffs, " But when the flocks hecame feeble he would not locate them there. So
the feeble ones always came to be La'ban's, but ; :mI.;P 2tt:1.7
.C:o!
!?l.l!i
t h e rolmst ones Jacob's.
<;P 2 I 5 2
43 h d the man went on increasing more :j: T",: '(
and more, and great flocks md maidservants :$ii';:
:n:17
and menservants and camel9 and asses came t o
be his,"
In time he got t o hear the words" of the
sons of La'bm,' saylng: "JacobE)has g;:!;!
taken everything that belonged to our fnther,
and from what belonged t o our father he has
amassed a11 this wealth."' When Jacob would

331
d

='

u2p$i:2s

Or,"rods ; Mgs." b Pg, "they might conceive,"

af YOUR father, that he

e toward me as formerly, but the
her has proved t o be with me.:
selves certainly know that with
have served rOuR father. 'And
with rneh and he has
ten times, hut Goct' has not
me harm."
on the one
, 'The spccklcd ones will he"then The whole Rock p r s
s; but If on the other hand
he would say, 'The striped ones will become
e whole flock produced
Godo lccpt talcing the herd
ay and giving it t o me."
at the time when the
flock got in heat that I raised my eyes and saw
a sight in a d r e a r n c h d here the he-goats
springing upon the flock were strlpd, speckled
and s p ~ t t yl.1 ~Then the angelEof GodQsaid to
me in the dream, 'Jacob!' t o which 1 said: Were
I am.'* And he continued, 'Raise your eyes,
pIease, and see all the he-goat5 springing upon
the flock are s t r i p d ? speckled and spotty, for I

"

~t 20:15

:$21;24

8 zj&

gil

iff&:9

"

Or, s % m n e j glaae
~
of birth." b Or, " h n ~daceived me." flL&.od"
e h o ~ a h "F3a111. * " h d . " lIehrew, ha-BLo.l~frrr',t i e
IUXXYg;
d e h i t e artide ha here s e p m t i n ~Rl.o.kim' from the guttur~lmnnding c o n ~ n a n tof the word mo,lakh' ["nngel") juut preceding.

GENESIS 31 :13--21

128

129

have seen all that La'ban is doing to y0u.Q3Ge46:3

I I the Goda" 01Beth'el,' where you anointedo a pillarG+and where you vowed a vowp to
Now get up, go out of this Iand and return OG,30:39
Ps 12:s
to the Iand of your birth.' "b'
+Ge =:I8
m"e2g:2"
14 At this Rachel and Le'ah answered and
said t o him: "Is there a share of inheritancecc ?2,",4,8:$
33:a
for us any more in the house3 of our father?
l6 Are we not really considered as foreigners to
him since he has sold us, so that he keeps eating continually even from the moneyo given for 3Ge 4225
us?* ls For all the riches that Godd has taken *
~
awav from our father a r e ours and our chil- Ex22:17
drel;'~.'So now everything God has said to you *g:gji3

zyz$

la

~~"752

do,"O

3Prr G:10

17 Then Jacob got up and lifted his children

and his wivess onto the camelsz and he began
driving all his herd and all the property that
he had accumulated, the herd of his acquisition
that he had accumulated in Pad'dan-a'ram, in
order to go t o Isaac" his father to the land of
Ca'naan.9
19 Now La'ban had gone to shear his sheep.
Meantime Rachel stole t h e teraphime3 that
belonged to her father.' " So Jacob outwittedf
La'ban the Syrian, because he had not told him

$j:
A

oGe4B:I
OGe 2 8 : ~ ~
G e 2527
:::;;

;~g;$
1Sa I Y : I ~

- 31.27
21:21
that he was running away.* " And he proceeded =Ge
to run away and to get up and cross the river,OX?ggi?jz7
e 15:18
he and all he had. After that he directed his1 GJos
243

""The God of Beth'el," Hebrew, ha(-El Bcitk-EZ according to 11.

But LXX read^: "the God r h o appeared t o you in the place of
God." b Or, "home; relntivee." Literalip, "a share and nn inheritance (or, possmaion),', but in the dg~rreof henlldiadys. ConDare Genesia 3 : 16. footnote-". d " G ~ d . ' ~ MLXXVc: "Jehovah:'
knm. " ~ e r a ~ h i m , " '"idols?
~;
L X X T ' ~ ('images,"
;
%$, Literall$,
"stole the heart of."
f

GENESIS 31:22-31

face to
zg$;f,
"NU 32:1 2%ater,

the mountainousa region of Gilead.o#

on the third day,* it was told to La'ban
De 3'12
Joa 13:8 that Jacob had run away. 2s With that he took
*Ge 3036
his brothers with him and went chasing after
him for a distance of seven days' journey and
caught up with him in the mountainous region
of Gilead. zmlThenGod came to La'ban the
*Egjjg SyrianAin a dreamo by night and said to him:
"Watch yourself that you do not go speaking
either goad o r bada with Jacob."
25 So La'ban approached Jacob, as Jacob had
pitched
~
~
; his tent0
~ in ~the mountain' and La'ban
?gEgi,
2
1
Heb 11:9 had encamped his brothersb in the mountainous
region of Gilead. " Then La'ban said to Jacob:
"What have you done, in that you resorted to
m Ge~ ~20:g
s 2 9outwitting me and driving my daughters off
like captiveso taken by the sword?:" =7 Why
"c:cU2.1:59 did you have to run away secretly and outrvit
~ $15~1)
7 21.11
:
I
: me and not tell me, that I might send you away
,I 1I :;ti
zA 1;:s
with gladness"and with songs, with tambourines
Jqlb 21.12
and with harp?' And you did not give me a
ps 68 25
chance to kiss my childrenc and my daughters."
:kF2&oz
Ex4:2T
NOW YOU have acted f o ~ l i s h l y ao
. ~I t is in t h e
Ku 3:9
.4c20_.37 power of m y hand' to do harm to You people,*
OGe 33:4
01s~
i3:13 but the God of YOUR father talked t o me last
1Ch 16:9
night, saying: 'Watch yourself against speaking
521
og:g5:35
;E either good or bad with Jacob.'$ ao While you
have actually gone now because you have been
L2.a yearning intenseIy f o r the house of your father,
+px3,1:; why, though, have you stolen my gods?"""'
31 In answer Jacob proceded to say t o LatgU,3,$
a Literally, "from good to bad." b It appears it should resd: '<LR'ban h ~ pitched
d
his tent," "his tent" to be meant originally instead
of the si~nilarlylooking expression "his brothers", Or, "sons."
"Gods?' Hebrew, sl.o.him'; but here used in the plural sense, referring to false gods; L X X >koi tha.oir; Vg, de'i ("gods").

131
ban: "It was because I was afraid. For I said
to myself, 'You might tear your daughters away
from me.'a S e Whoever it is with whom you may c 4 e 20:ll
find your gods,& let him not live." Before our 3Ge 47:19
37:32
brothers, examine' for yourseIf what is with me ,Ge
Ge 38%
and take them far yourself." But Jacob did not
know that Rachel had stolen them, " So La'ban
went on into the tent of Jacob and into the tent
of Le'ah and into the tent of the trvo slaveQS E c 2:5
girls, but did not find them, Finally he went out
of Le'ah's tent and went on into Rachel's tent.
33:l
"'Now Rachelc had taken the teraphim," and rGe
*Ge S1:19
she resorted to putting them in the woman's
saddle basket of the camel and she kept sitting
upon them, So La'ban went feeling through the
whole tent, but did not find them. yjThen she
said to her father: "Do not let anger gleam in
the eyes of my lord,be3 because I am not abIe to G:Cee 33:8
18:12
get up before you,* for the customary thing 'Le 1 k 3 2
18:ll
with women is upon rne.lgoSo he searched on CGe
L e 1529
*Ge
31:19
carefully, but did not And the temphim.+
Jg 375
36 And Jacob became angrymand began to JI&1s1 1203 : ~
23%
quarrel with La'ban, and in answer Jacob went 2Ki
Zec 30:2
E G e 30:2
on to say to La'ban: "What is the bansgres- Eph 4:26
W:f7
sion3 of mine, what the sino of mine, as a reason DGe
CGe 4 1 3
why you have hotly pursued after me? Now
that you have felt through all my goods, what
of all the goods of your house Rave you found? ~ J O S7:23
S2:3
Put it here in front of m y brothers and your A1%l t 18:16
160 6:4
brothers and lei them decide between us two." *Ge 29:18
m:30
SBThesefmenty years I have been with you.# Ge
Ge 30:31

rrGods.'' Hebrew, sl.o.hinrt; but here used in the plural sense, referrmg to fnLse gods; L a , hoi tks.oir. b L ' h l p lord." Hebrew,
rs.do.pni', this being the &g-ul~rnumber of a d ~ ?("lord;
~'
master")
xith the pronoun ending t i ) of the h s t person singular ("my").

GENESIS 31 :39-47

Your female sheep and your she-goats did not

*Egg
'Cc32:14 suffer abortions," and the ramso of your flock
atena3n A n y animal torn T did not bring
to you.' I myself would stand the loss of it.
Whether one was stolen by day or was stolen
1% 1738
4 ~ ~ 2 b
~ y8n i g h t , ~ y o u w o u l d p u t i n a c l a i m f o r i t f r o m
my hand. It has been my experience that by
day the heat consumed me and the cold by
-11012:u
night, and my sleep i ~ o u l dflee from my eyes.+
"This makes twenty years for me in your
W e 29:18
~ ~ 2 9 . 3 0house. I have served youa fourteenmyears for
your two daughters and six" years for your
'G,e,gi\
-(;e37:2
flock,@and you kept changing my wages ten
sGe 31:7
w e 25:13 times.* 4 2 If the God of my father,* the God of
Ge 31 :29
')Ex 15:16 Abraham and the Dreadb3 of Isaac," had not
JlSa 11:7
ant, 13:11 proved on my side," you would now have sent
me away empty-handed. M y wretchedness and
the toil of my hands God has seen,$ and so he
"'l*124.1
o l :a!$:~
3:7
reproved youClast night.'"
t 's 31.7
.Jude D
43 Then La'ban in answer said to Jacob: "The
daughters are my daughters and the children
my children and the flock my flock, and everything you are looking at is mine and my daughters'. M7hat can I: do against these today or
against their chiIdren whom they have borne?
4 4 And now come, let us conclude a covenant,"
.g;i:;i!
"*X23'l
I and you, and it; mustd serve as a witness3 be*Ge21:3Q tween me and you."' ds Accordingly Jacob took
a stonec and set it up as a pillarOQ4Then Jacob
2:
I-Ge 31723 said to his brothers: " "Pick up stones!" And
went to taking stones and making a heap."
:% they
~ 3 ~ 3 ~ After
5
that they ate there on the heap. 4 r And
cEz@36:2

I never

:Ge37:.73
E u 22-13
La 22:8

,rb

Vg reads: "And thus for twenty pears I hare semed ~ o in

u yotw
. . .', bOr, '<Dreaded One.'" Or, "and so Re rendered a
~lrlc~i~ion."
d Or, "that it may indeed.>'
a

tinuse,

133

h ' b a n began calling it Je'gar-sa.ha.ddtha,&but

Jacob called it GaI'e-ed.b
48 And La%mproceeded to say: "This heap
is a witness- between me and you today," That *Jon2 - w
is why he called its name Gal'ead,bm*o and The yz :l;:?
Watchtower,ca-because h e said:" "Let Jehovah t;;$P2?fl;;24

keep watch between me and you when we are sit;n;:

uatcd unseenqhe one from the other, If you inn 715
go t o afflicting my daughters and if you go to !I:,'i{:aa
taking wives in addition t o my daughters,' there 'ML 19:B
is no man with us. See!e Gad is a witness bctween me and you."' P I And La'ban went on to o[8;;gLg
say to Jacob: "Here is this heap and here is a1rcr:z
>la1 2:1.1
the pillar" that I have erect4 between me 1 . l . h ~ : ~
J-GI-3 1:.is
and you. ** This heap" a witness and the pil- :G, 31.bs
lar is something that bears witness that I will
not pass this heap against you and that you
will not pass this heap and this p i l l a ~against
+ 6 n Il:#
me for harm. s % ~ the
t godf of Abrahamt and r:o 17:7
22:90
the godf of Na'hor judge@ between us,the god" WGI>
P : ~XB
;c ILi:5
aE their father,""ut Jacob srwre by the Dread! . J * I n 2 I , *
~ G a1
C 32
of his father Isaac."
D@ G:l:t
:r;c
4G:I
54 Af tes that Jamb sacrificed a sacrificeDin
the mountain and invited his brothers to eat ee41:S4
bread.c Accordingly they ate bread* and passel .% :'y:'y:7,
-

3Thc Ara.me'ic (Spirtn) ~ x p l ~ s s i on~caning

n
L'n'itnops b~np",

'rh~
EIehr~wexpression luersning ''Witnm~hmp", a "ll7ntr+1~towrr,'"
or, "Lookout Point." Hebrew, J f i t ~ . ~ ~ ldr 'L, i t ~ r ~ I l "wlicn
y,
re lie
c ~ n c e n l c d . '*~ Or, %see, there is no iilnn with 11s ~cciup,''L,XX, 1 OF,
PPTIHC
"puda." I-trhrew, rl.o.lriat, possibly here usctl in Llle
by the Syrinn La'ban, who helievcd in t r ~ ~ ~ p l ~fii i n ,
" thi~
v ~ l + hlloirlg in the plural number here. Fut cnlnparr! Bcne~iwh0: 13,
i'aotnotec, h Or, ctpnds.HHebrew, rl,o+7,irrst,~>onsil)lgi t 1 ilic plusnl
xcrlw- nl~d!rot refei~ing.t o just J ~ h v n h I,~ e r ~ i uthe
u ~ velbl>'~,irirlgc''
i a i t 1 the plural number. But K X X , TTg, SF ntjd Pn~uIlnve "j~tlgc*~'
in tlm singular t o indicate one God. Wr, "Drcadcrl Ono."
b

"f:/

GENESIS 31 :55-32 :8

the night in the rnountain.n However, La'ban

got UP early in the morning and kissedn his
childrenb
and hls dau~htersand hlcs~edthem,"
%$;?
Then La'ban got on Ills \I-ny t h a t he might reqGea:2[)
turn to his own p l a ~ c . ' ~
And Jacob5 tr~velcdon his own way,
and the angelsficof God now met up with
'Ps91:11 him.' "Irnrnediat~ly Jacob said, when he saw
them: "The c ~ r n pof~ God this is!"' Hence he
ejos 333
cGe
3:14
calIcd the name of t h ~ place
t
Ma.hamna'im.e"
.gt\6;i7
csuE14
3
Then
Jacob
sent
rncss@ngex*sD"
ahead of
*Lu Y 32
' ~ e 3 6 : 2 him to Ebau' his brother to thc land of Se'ir,'
' C e 14:6
De 2.5
the fielcl of Edom,' ' and he commanded them,
:..r;e23:6
' ; e %:asaying: "Thisfsu~hat~ouwillsay
tomylord,d
tGe31:B

?
:;:

332

to E'sau: "This Is what your s e ~ * v a n t " ~ a c o b

has said, "Witkt La'ban3 X have tcmporariIy re35:n
sided3 and I have stnyed this long time till now.
%d
I have come to have oxen and asses,
~*
;
; sheep, and menservants and m a l d s e ~ n n t s ,and
r
would
like
t
o
~encl
t
o
notify
my
lord,
that
I
,
(;c47:s
may
find
favor
in
your
eyes."
'
''r~
1912:2
154 1:18
6 Ln time t h e messengprs returned to Jacob,
saying: "We got t o your brother E'sau, and he
is also on his way to meet you, and four hundred men with him."* :A n d Jacob became very
r ce
~n
33:1
e m
much afraida and grew anxious.* So he d i m
iE;z$P
Ex 1~
vided the people who were with him,and the
flocks ~ n the
d cattle and the camels Into two
m P 2:fl
~
camps,*
a
and
he saicl: "IS E'sau should come to
>It 10:16
the one camp and nss~ultit, then there is cera 1 tain t o be a camp remaining to make an escape,"'"
Bere the Hebrew text o f 31: rnds rhnpter 81,thuq giving it only
+r;e
(t.:cl~:.r
33:17

'c;e'16:ls

64 verses, b Ort ''sons," H C ~I,.CY,

P v~ rind 9;1'C I I ~chnpt~r31,
citing it 55 r e m s , SO thnt c h n p t ~ r32 rune one versc shorter
ti~rrn~ritalJ?*than 31 does. d Or, *'n~cssmperu,"as in wraps 31 6.
Ih.srling .'Two camps [of tra~*cIcm]''.

GENESIS 32 :9-18

134

135

9 After that Jacob said : "0 God of my father

Abraham and God of my father Isaac, 0 Jehovah? you who are saying t o rne,"'Returnto your ~ $ ; ~ ~ i ~ a
land and t o your relatives and E will deal well ?,e
with you,': l0 1 am unzvorthy of all the loving- ge;;:;?

-Ge 32:s

,,:,

kinclnesses~andof all the Eaithfulnessa" that O E X 1 4 : ~

2127
you have exercised toward your servant,' for -Ge
Ge 23 15
with but my staff I crossed this Jordan-@and ,>Ik
-tie
50:10
"2a
'
32:30
now I have become two camps."' Deliver' me,* -8te
bGc Zs :10
I pray you, from my brother's hand, from - ~ 3 $ 2 i ; 3
E'sau's hand, because I am afraid of him that
he may came and certainly assault me, motherG
together with children. " And you, you have %
; ;:
said, 'Unquestionably I shall deal well with you Da 3:17
and I will constitute your seedho like the grains 'Ge
of sand of the sea,O which callnot be numbered 3Ce41i49
: 2Ge 48:16
for multitude.' '"O
13 And he kept lodging there on that night0 g; gz
and went taking from what came t o his hand a
gift for E'sau his brother,?l4 two hundred she- ~u23:19
1Sa E:29
goats and twenty he-goats,two hundred female
3& 25:5
sheep and twenty rm-13,~
" thirty camelso giv- Z G 3;:as
~
ing suck and their young ones, forty heifers and
g;$f
ten bulls, twenty she-asses and ten full-grown $","1$ii7

'2:

asses.'

+PS

112:s

16 Then he handed over t o his servants one

drove after another by itself and repeatedly
said to his servants: "Cross over ahead of me,
and YOU are to set an interval between drove
and drove,"" " Further he commanded t h e first F; Fi:
one, saying: "En ease that E'sau my brother mt 1o;le
should meet you and ask you, saying, 'Towhom
do you belong, and where are you going and t o
whom do these ahead of you belong?'" Is then
-a Or, "truth."
Or, "offspring; posterity,"

*Ge 3 3 3
cCe 43:l.l

1% 25:B
1Sa 2527
Pr 15:18
P r 16:14
Pr 2124

4Gc 29:30
Ge 30:l
(;I?

30:3
80:12

114,

7 I?

ad;^

"r ;V :{a:26
*NLI;?l:24
I ,,I .1 111

, 1 4 1 ~I?

.IK 11.1:i
-Ce 30s

41:14
110 12:4
M t 15 28

Lu 11:8
Lu 18:s

':Gc 4 7 s

l G e 32.32

elCh 4:10
Pa 115: 12
XGe 17:a
Ge 3510

Nu 13:16
ZSa 12:25

Tsa 62:4

Isa 65:15
J oh 1:42
Re 2 3 7

GENESIS 32: 19-28

you must say, 'To your servant, to Jacob. A

gift it is, sent t o my Jord, t o Esau, and look! he
himself is also behind us.' "* And he went on
t o command also the second, also the third, also
all those following the droves, saying: "According t o this ward YOU are to speak t o E'sau on
YOLIE encountering him.*
And YOU must say
also, 'Here is your servant Jacob behind us.' "
For he said to himself: "I may appeaseChim
by the gift going ahead of me, and aftenvard I
shall see his face. Perhaps he will give a kindly
reception." 21 So the gift went crossing over
ahead of him, but he himself lodged that night
in the camp.
22 Later during that night he rose and took
his two wives' and his two maidservants" and
his eleven young sons-d
crossed over the
ford of Jabrbok.' 2 s So he took them and brought
them over the torrent valley,a and he brought
over what he had.
24 FinaIly Jacob was left by himself. Then a
man began to grapple" with him until the dawn
ascended. ' W h e n he got to see that he had not
prevailed over him,' then he touched the socket
of his hipc jointb and the socket of Jacob's hip
joint got out of place during his grappling with
him.+ ZG After that he said: "Let me gojCfor the
dawn has ascended." To this he said: "I am not
going to let you go until you first bless me."*
3 7 SO he said to him: "What is your name?"
t o which he said: "Jacob." ' T h e n he said:
"Your name will no longer be called* Jacob but

Or, "the wadi or, ai-royo) ," or, "the arenm [the wadi running
with writer]: b br, " ~ O U E ~ the
P ~ hollow of his hip." c ~ i t e r a ~ ~ f
"Send me away."

GENESIS 32:29-33 :4

137

136

Israel,aMfor you have contended with God and

%&
with men so that you at last prevailed."" a 0 In .iy2';:i:4
turn Jacob inquired and said: "Tell me, please, ~~~~;~~
your name.'Wowever, he said: "Why is it that P,P,y;>
you inquire for my name?'1 With that he "Jg13.*
blessed him themA Bo Hence Jacob called the ' G e m 3
8%
name of the place P e . n i ' ~ l , because,
~~
to quote ?JR
I K ~
32:25
5G"41:16
him, "I
have seen God0 face to face' and yet
W e 27:22
my soul was deli~ered."~
31 And the sunGbegan to flash upon him as &
;::
soon as he passed by Pe.nu'e1) but he was limpzf:,O
ing upon his hip.* 32 That is why the sons of if2i2&
32:25
Israel are not accustomed t o eat the sinew of
the thigh-nerve,c which is on the socket of the
hip joint, down to this day, because he touched
the socket of Jacob's hip joint by the sinew of
the thigh-nerve.c
In time Jacob raised his eyes and looked,
and here E'sau* was coming and with him "Ge z7:41
four hundred men.' Consequently he divided off
the childrena to Le'ah9 and to Rachelg and to gg~;;;~
the two maidservants, and be put the maidservants and their children foremost and Le'ah
and her children after them and Rachel and
Joseph0 t o the rear of them," And he himself
passed on ahead of them and proceeded to borvlc "G" 4 3 d 3
down to the earth seven times until he got near
a ~ 18:2
e
to his brother.'
~e 42.6
4 And E'sau went m n i n g to meet him %
,<:;,
and he began to embrace hima and fall upon $Ej820

'Ge &:I4

Lu 15:20
Ac 20-37

WGe 43:15

xGe 43 :30

#Ge 48.9

Ru 4:13

1Sa 1:27
W e 30.4
G e 30:10
U G e 30:19
A G e 30.23

YE,"

33

:T:O

OGe 50:9
4 Ge

32:16

M e 40:l

' G o 82:s
@Cfl27:39

w e w:1

gGe 32:m

Job 93:26
lle 22 4

#Ge 32:13

*Ge 20 :43

zg

Meaning "God contends"',or, "Contender (Perse~erer)with God."

Meaning 'The face of Uod [EllJ'.a Or, "thigh-vein.')

0
-

10:9

GENESIS 33 :5 - 4 3

his neck' and kiss him,amand they burst into

tears," T h e n he raised his eyes and saw the
women and the children and said: "Who are
these with you?" t o which he said: "The children with whom God has favored your servant."* %t that the maidservants* came forward, they and their children, and bowed down;
and Lerah" too came forward, and her children, and they bowed down, and afterward
Joseph came forward, and Rachel,* and they
bowed down.
8 He now said: "What do you mean by allb
this camp2 of travelers that I have met?"O To
this he said: "In order t o find favor in the eyes
of m y lord.""' Then E'sau said: "I have a great
many, my b r ~ t h e r Let
. ~ continue yours what is
yours.'' lo However, Jacob3 said: "No) please.
If,now, I have found favor in your eyes, then
you must take my gift at my hand, because in
llnrmony with its purpose I have seen your face
as though seeing God's face in that you received
me deBghtfullymX
l1 Take, please, the gift conveying my blessingff which mas brought to you,
because God has favored me and because 1
have everything."* And he continued t o urge
him so that he took it.
12 Later on he said: "Let us pull out and go,
and let me go in advance of you." l 3 But he said
to him: "My lord is aware that the children are
delicate and sheep3 and cattle that are giving

a''And kiss him," lfSnrnLXXTg, Eowever, in 31 the Hebrew

phrase f o r this expresGon is marked m-ith the evtraordlnary points
of the Sapherim, evidently to shorn that the Sophelim or scribcs
thought the ~vosds should he omitted. The footnote of IGttel's
Biblin Hebraictl suggests that they were likely added to the tcst.
b Literally, '"Tho t o IOU is ail?"

GENESIS 33 :14-34 :2

suck are in my charge, and should they drive

ahem too quickly for one day, then the whole

flock mill certainly dieaA" Let my IQM, plcnse,
pass on ahead of his sservant, but may I myself
continue the journey at my leisure according to
the pacet of the livestock that Is beforc! me
nnd according to the pace of the childr~nuntil
I shall come to my lord at Se'ir."' " Then E'satr
said: "Let me, please, put at your dispasnl some
of the people3 who a r e with me." To thls he
said: " l V l ~ ythis? Let me find favor in the eyes
of my lord."" I A So on that day E'sau tul*ncd
back on his way to Se'ir.
17 And Jacob pulled out for Suc'mthn m d
proceeded to build himself a housc and for his
11erd he made covered sta1h.b That was why he
called the name of the place Suc'coth.~'
18 In time Jacob came safe and sound t o the
cityu of ShefchemF# which 1s In the land of
Cdnaxn, while he was coming from P~d'clnndram, and he pitched camp in front of the city.
"'Then he acquired"a tract oaf the Aeld where
he pitched his tent at the hand of the sans of
Haymornf he father of She'chem, for ra hundred
pieces of
?*Afterthat he set up there
an altarcAand called it God the Gocl of Israel/lb
Once Di'nah* the daughter of Lehh,E
whom she had borne t o Jacob, went oute
l o see the daughtersc of the land.o a And She'-

34

Meaning "Booths; Covered stnlls", Or, "ninda hoobha." a Litcrnlly, "n hundred Br.sd.taks'." A h.e.~i.fdr' wile n mrltlrly 13nit of
rvhirh tlic value i q not known today; ~uuppoucdlyworth l'rmr ul~rkels.
"God the God o f Isrnsl." Hebrew, El E?.onlfri'l a m ~ l ' ,This rr~n
also l)e tmrwlnted "God [ E ? ] i~
tho God of Tsrnel". * Or, "And
Ih'nnh .
used to go oat."

139

138

GENESIS 34 :3-41

chem the son of Ha'mor the Hivite, a chieftain@ of the land, got to see her ancl then took
her and cohahitcd with her and violatedb her.'
-Y;e 4'1 :2E
And hIs SQLIE- b a n clinging to Di'nahc the
x e 37!3
dar~ghterof Jamb nnd he fcll in love: with the
*GI?21:W
Ho 21.1 young wornnn" and kept speaking persuasively
tad the y o ~ u l gwornnn. ' Finally She'chem said
t o Harmor his father: "Get rile this young lady
TGe 38:9
as a wife."'3
tGe 2121 \
J 14:2
5 And Jstcob henrd that he had defiled Di'nah
&
a 13:13
1;zso W:21 his daughter." And his sons happened to he
"Ge 37:W with his herd in the Aeld," and Jacob kept
silent until they should come In. Later Harmor,
Shc'chem's fat her, went out to Jamb to speak
with him h d the sons of Jacob came in from
the field as soon as they heard of it and the men
became hurt In their feellnm and they grem
a 45:s very angry? because he had committed a disf b f l n3k31 waceful ioIly against Israel" In cohabiting with
Jncob's dnu~hlrr',cvhcrcns nathit~glike that
41:u LtP
I lr :SlvL7
ZSa 1'1:22 ought to Lr? dotw.!
ICO G:1H
8 And H a h o r proceeded to speak with them,
I:ph 5 3
('01 3.5
saying:
"& f o r She'chem my son, his soul is
I Icb ?3:4
.Ge 34:3
attached t o Youn daughter.' Give her, please, to
BEX n:m him as a wife, @andform marrfage"1iances
E'Ge 19:24
with us, YOURdaugliters YOU are to give to us,
Ge 213
Ge 2R34
G e 2 3 % and our daughters mu are to take for yourw e 7:3
And with us You mRy dwell; and the
1Kl E:2 selves."
*Go 13:9
Iand will become a v ~ i l ~ hfor
l e YOU.' Dwell and
G e 2c7:15
Ge 42:34 carry on businessv in it and get settled in it"
CGa 354
l1 Then She'cllemr: said t o her father and to her
mGc 39:4
brothers: "Let me flnd favorg in YOUR eyes,
a Or, fkaffii. 5-LT,"ruler (prince) ." Vg, "prince."
Or, "hurniIiC E k 16:B
-Ex20:14
D e 22:29

'

nted," L S X . C Or, his 111inrl ( ~ P B ~ V Pk) c ] HRPII

~
nn I)i'nnh!'
Literally, "to the heart of." * OF,"tmr~Iahont." Il'hnt is, for cfomlt~ertid

purposes.

GENESIS 34: 12-21

14.0

141

and whatever you Nillsay to me I shall give it.# G e 3 3 : ~

Raise very high the marriage-moneya' and 'Ge24!53
C e 29:ltl
gift Imposed upon me, and I stand willing to g;;y;I~B
give according to what YOU may say t o me; only EJJ~:;~;~;
give me t h e yemg woman as a uni1e.*'
13 h d Jacob%sons began t o answer Shgckem and Ha'mor his father with deceit" and =h1213
to s p e ~ l tso because he had defllcd Di'ndr their
2:4
s j ~ t e r . ~And they went on to say t o them: ,?Ex
G e I~:IL
"Wc mnnot possibly do such a thing, to give
:$,
our Aster to a man who has a foreskin," because 2,S,a,l:;y
that Is n reproach3 to us. Only on this condi- 2 ~ 0 s5 9
tion can we give consent t o You, that YOU become like us, by every male af Youns getting
circumcised." In Then we sh~11certain1y give "X 4:26
our daughters to YOU, and Ybwn dnughters rve
shall take for ourselves, and we shall certainly
dwell with YOU and hemme one people, But
if you rlo not Iisten t o us t o get cjrcumcised,
then we wlll take our daughter and go,''
kc.? 3S:XI)
18 And their words seemed good in t h e eyes f$$j,
of Ha'mork and in the eyes of Shetchem,m Ha'- il;;p'g,8
rnor's son, and the young man did not deIay to ~g;:;17
perform the condition, because he did And de- ACT,!?
ligl~tin Jacab's daughter' and he was the most '%?E*O
h o n o r ~ t l ~ lofe ~the whole house of his father." zE:(i:g
20 So Ha'mor and She'chern his son went to :% :!$"
the gate of their city"and begetn to speak to the 'zg'::
men of their city, saying: "Tl~esemen are g; :;"
peace-loving toward us. Hence let them dwell ~ o mb : ~
in the land and carry on business in i t , b as the
land is quite \videc before them. Their daugh48:2e
ters we can take as wivesz for ourselves and our
j4

:;:

Or, "purchnm pdce of a wife." b 81;'ltrnrel about in it" T h ~iis,

t
for corlllnezciol purposes. eLiteralIy, "spncions on both sides,"

GENESIS 34 :22-30

own d~ue;hterswe can give to them. Only on

this condition wlll the men give us their consent t o dwell wlth us so as t o become one people,
that every m ~ l eof ours gets circumcised just
trGe 17:11 the way they are drcurneised.":3 Then their p s J o S 5:2
1% 14:E
sessions and their wealth and all their Jive2% l : M
H o 4:lL
stock, will they not be ours? Only let us give
*Pr 2314
Pr 28120 them our consent that they may dwell wlth us,""
Jnh 5%
Then all those going out by the gate of his
IT1 6:6
city listened t o Ha'mor and to Shc'chem his son,
rGe 17 :23 and all the males gat circumcised,"all those goRO a:=
1Co 7.19 ing out by the gate of his city.
25 However, It came about that on the th1rd
~ J O5:8
S
day, when they got t o be aching," the two sons
OGC 35:23
of Jacob, Sirn'e.onn"d
Le'vi, brothers of
W s 4R:22 Di'nah, proceedecl to take each one his s!vord3
tGr 2!r:33
<;e 4n:5
and to go unsuspectedlya to the city and to kill
*I:@
48:6
Nu :i1;7 every male.' amAnd Ha'mor and She'chern his
<'I r141.R
nml I+, :I: \a son they killed7 with t h e edge of the sword."
;,:i,,
Then they toolt Diknh from She'che~n's house
rind wt.111,on oul;. 2T T11e other sons of Jacob
attackec?"the fatally wounded men and went
.Ge 1 k 2 1 plundering' the city, because they had defiled
nGe 3:2
their ~ i s t e r ."Their
~
flocks and their herds
and their asses nnd what was in the city ~ n d
*Nu 31:I7 what was 5n the field they took."@And all their
means of maintenance and all their little chilLlbe aklo dren and their wives they carried ofT c a p t i v ~ , ~
so that they plundered all that was in the houses.
me 49:5
30 At this .Tacobsaid to Sirn'e.on and to Le%i : O
Yotr i : 2 5
1 K i 18 ls
Pr f5:27 "You have brought troubleAupon rnc in making
CEx 7.18 me a stenchod to the inhabitants of the land,
PEx 5.21
1Sa 1x4 with the Catnaan.litesand the Per'iz.zitm, whereas I am f v in
and they will certainly
Or, '4tndistmhd." b OF, "came in upon." Liter~FIy,L'Iam men
:rr

;8

.I

of number,$'

GENESIS 34 :31-35: 7

143

142

gather together against m e and assault me and

I must be annihilated," I and my house." I n :Id? 26:m
turn they said: "Ought anyone to trent our sis%e 35:15
tcr like a prostitute?"'
LC 01:14
After that God said t o Jacob:" "Rfse, ga :Go 30 :8
up to Beth'elEl md dwell there, and makc ?Jara:;
an nltw0 there t o the Godbwho appeared t o ?EK17:15
you when you were m n i n g away from E'sau
your brother.''*
*de%:I8
2 Then Jacob said t o his kauseholdmand to -%a SS!ff
12!43
aII who were with him: "Put away t h e foreign" ?Ex
*GI! 31:19
?I::<
godst that are in the midst of YO@ and purify 1C.Y
l > c Tm.7
06 213 :7
yourselves and change YQVR garments,' and JI4:n
ID:7
let us rise and go up to Beth'el. And there I *I.:% 1!F:10
1 15 5
shall make an altar t o the God1' who anstvered ri-;C4 : : a t
: I3
me in the day of m y distress" in that he proved Gc 5(2:24
1%
-1t;:l
to be with me in the way3 that I have gone."" C t :P -1s :*24
;o h:lO
'So they gave Jacob all the foreign gods that t k?
.'I I:,I2
were in their handsp and the earringsf that were Z)t,iC
1'1' ;4.c3
In their ears and Jacob hid them under the big 0 1,:x .;<!:!:x:!;I2
J b I;:%,i
tree that was close by She'~hern.~'
m r ; ~3 ~ ~ 1 2
-I>c;:25
5 After that he pulled away and the terror of .Ios 2 1 :26
,TI:, 9:f;
God fell upoil the citiesC that were round about :Lip
.i7 :21
t l ~ c mand they did not chase after the sons of @qc3.!:.W
1 ~ ~ 1 5
Jacob.< " Eventually Jacob came to Luz; whfch Lx
?.:Y 2.1:%7
is in t h e Iand of Ca'naan, that is to say, Beth'cl, 1)P 1 t :Xi
Jcbn 2:?l
he and all the people 1vh6 were with him. :Then LSfi 1 L:7
4:24
he built an altar there and began to call the 2t 'fs' h14:5
12:H
place El-beth'e1,d because tl~ereGodo had rc-

35

24.

{,:<.

01-,"hnrl~t.~'b"God.jf I-Ichrc~v,E!, follawerl h;r. a quulifying

prlrticiple with nrticle. "Gods." Hebrew, ~ ! ~ o . l ~ i tthe
~ a 'p, l ~ n a lnumI~rrof r.l.ofnb ~ n d
here denoting a p l u ~ ~ l i to yt ~ o t l r "Fol*r.ign
.
godn''
i s litrrnlly l'god~of the forrignrr". d "El-h~tll'el," mer~r~inc:
'.fie
Clod nf Heth'el",
"GodVT'Hel~l.cl~,
ba-E?.o,Bi?n" tlio r l ~ l l ~ l i nt'tirl~
t~:
krt arpnrutil~gEl.n.Ai~n' from the prspositjonol pl~rnser7.n.r~~'("ta
hi111"). Itn verb "had tdvenled" is plural. SPPCfenrqi~21) : 1 3 ; 31 : 5 3 ,

GENESIS 35 :&I7

veded himself to him at the time of his running away from his brother,' * Later Deb'o.rah'
J g 5:2+
the
nursing woman of Re.hek'ah died and was
'Ge 2459
buried a t the foot of Beth"1 under a big tree.
tJg2:5
Hence he called its name Allon-bac'uth.an
9 God now appeared t o J ~ c o honce again
during his coming Prom Pad'd~n-a'rarn and
bHo 12:4
blessed him.&lo And God went on t o say to him:
Ac 7:2
"Your name is Jncob. No longer is your name
t o he called Jacob, but Israel is your name to
become." And he b w n t o call his name 1srael.O
L~;~,Z~l
x i 1 7 1 3 4 :l h d God said further to him: "I am Godb
G e 4324
e
:
( s;:rr
Almighty.c Be fruitful: and become many.' NaI C e 46:3
, (;e m:.~ tionsp and a conpegntion of nations will pro;e 40:l
ceed out of you, and kingsSSwill came out of
, c;" 1y ~5 l . syour loins."' l3 AS for the lnnd that 1 have given
to Abraham ancl to Isaac, t o you X shall give it,
I:c 2q:3
g:n4R:4
and t o your seedcz after you P shall give the
;o 17.19
I , , . I:> 7
land.'#* "
'After
that God went up from above
r
:I r . i 8
him at the place whotBchc hncl spolien with him.'
' I.:% J;.21
14 Consequently Jacob stationed a pillaP in
: I,
the place where 11e h ~ d
spoken with him, a
i'-ig:"3:
'
2"'D
pillar of stone, and he poured a drinkz offering
"XB:~
Jacob
' G e %.l$ upon it and poured oil upon it.' "'And
Isa.;:~:! continued to call the name of the place liphere
G c B:19
God had spoken with him EEeth'elma
.cf G:;
Ru 1:2
ich 2:19
16 Then he pulled away from Beth'el, And
>IIC 5.2
while there was yet a good stretch of Iand be3 12:s
~
" c e 46~19 fore coming to Eph'rathA Rachel proceeded to
give birth and it was gallng hard with her in
bee a:l6
making the d e l i v ~ r y . ~But so it was that while
'Isa4:lg she had difficulty fn mnhjng the delivery* the
midwife said to her: "Do not be afraid, for you

"zEg

'

<'>I

"AYfon-bae'nfh." meaning "Rig kr-rpc of rn~rl~inp".

b-NOod." ReIII'CW~ El, R 3 tat Ueuesis 17: 1. * Or, "ofl~ptinp; posterity?*

GENESIS 35 :1 C 2 9

144

145

,. 36

GENESIS 36 :1-71

will have this son also."s l8 And the result 1vasl~Gem24

that as her soula was going out (bwar~eshe1
died) she called his name Ben-o'ni ;tJ"bbuthis1:f&4J;59
fnther called him Benjamin.ph" Thus Rachel ;
;; ;i;4
died and was buried on the way to Eph'rath, G C ~ I ~ : Z ~
t l ~ a its t o say, Beth'le.hern.c" Hence f acob sta- :S;:St%715 I
tjoned a pillar over her grave. Tliis is the pillar h112:ls
of Rachel's grave; down to this day.'
?a
4230
-1Sa 10:2
21 After that Israel pulled sway and pitched
his tent3 a distance beyond the XOIWP
of E'der." zp,1v6
And it came about while Israel was tenting "3ficB:s
In that lnncl that once Reu'bel~'-went and collab- Xe37:a1
j tecl zvlth Bil'hah his father's concubhe,@and
;g~
t,z;j
L~ 18:8
Israel got t o hear of it.O
2Sa 16~21
So there came to be twelve sons- of Jacob,, ; gj;,
" Tile sons by Le'ahc were Jacob's Rnt-born21 $
~
Reu'ben' and Sim'e.onQand LR'vEP m d Judah" ;pGe i 6 : ~l l
-Ge 3;:26
and Is'sa.char5 and Zeb't~.Itm,~ The sons by IGe +;&:I3
Rachel were Joseph and Ben jamin, zn And the :;$
,i?
j.'
qE" 11:5
sons by Bllphah, Raehelk mmaicfservant,(l were 3Ge
Dan0 and Na~h'ta.li.~
?%d t11e sons by Zilspah, ~ G 4633
16:24
E
Le'ah's maidservant, were Gad; and A ~ h ' e r .rGe
~
T I ; "'IG
:
These are Jacob's SQIE who were born to him
in Pad'dan-a'rarn.9
27 At length Jamb came to Isaac hfs father . G ~1318
to M~nl're,"o Kir'iaih-ar'ba,' that Is to say, 'y;syj=&
Hetbron,O where Abraham and also Isaac had cGe 37~14
resided3 temporarily.' 28 And the days of Isaac $g:;;;f9
came to be a hundred and eighty yea~.s."* After "Ge 2 5 : ~
that Isaac expired* and died and was gathered "Ge 4933
to hls people, old and satisfied+dand E'sau and
-GC a:s
Jacob his sons buriedz him.*
Ge 4%31

And this is the historynaof Gsau,+ that

is ta say, E'domc
2 E'saumtookrGs laves from the daughters
:!?:.i of Cu'naan: A'dah the daughter of E'lon' the
'Ciu 2!;:3.1
Rit'tite and O.hol.i.batmah the daughter of
A'nah, the granddaughter1' of Zih'e.on the Hi'b :* IJ ~
~ a and~ Bas'emath,
~
i Xshhma.cl'sW
~
~ daughter,
t h sister
~
of Ne.ba90th.~
And A'itah proceeded to bear EYii.phazg
to
E'sau, and Bas'srnath borc Reu'el,'
+ l a 133
and 0.hol.i.ba'mah bore Jehsl~'ancl J a l m '
and Korrah.*
These are the sons of E'sau who were born
rr:em:n
to
him in the land of Ca'naanmC" hfter t h a t
LC 3 5 2 8
E'sau took his wives and his sons and Elis daughters and all the souls of his house and his herd
6
~
and all his other beasts and all his we~lth,which
he had acmtmulated in the land of Ca'naan, and
I
went to a landc away from Jacobo his brother,"
27:m
,ic*it! :+a,:!
, because their property had become too great
for them to dwell together and the land of their
c ~ 32:s
c
I;""'"
temporary
residences was not able t o sustain
'I;c I ,I .li
G r "'.,%
them
as
a
result
ef their herds.O So E'aau took
I)<* 2 ;,
~ 1 -"~1:'1
s up dwelling in the mountainous region of Se'ir.'
Cch ?0!10
5r:d 1 3
E'sau is E'dorn."E(;c. RF 1
c . c : r z ~ , ~ 9AndthisisEhehistorya"ofE'sauthefather
*ce 2n:ao of E'dornEin the mountainous region of Se'lr.
310 :?2 :A
Nu 3 ~ 4 10 These are the names of thc sons of Eksau:
J P 11,17
ElPl.phazthe son of A'dah, E'sau's wife; Redel
,
ulcll
the son of Bas'e-math, E'sau's wife.*
"1Ch 1:3B
11 And the sons of Elriaphazcame to be
Jrr 49:7
Terman,*
Ormar, Ze'pho m d G;a"tamand Ke'ot) n1 12
Am

Or, "life," H ~ h 1 . e meph'esk;

~.
L I X , psjl.~BB', b Menning "Son of
my FIfIl~uw'', )leaning "Son o f the right hand". Literally, ''full
of (autrd with) days,!' MLXXVg.

Or, "And these ore the historied origins." LitarnIly, "dnnghbr,"

MVg; %on LXXSnmSy. Compare verse 24, a "A Innd," 11; "the

I:I

,
,,,,

CC0 58:B

<;I!

4-1

Innd of fie'&,"

Sy,

GENESIS 36 :12-18

146

147

naz. " And Tim'na became t h e concubineo of

El'Lphaz, E'sau's son. In time she bore to
El'i.phaz Am'a.lek.'' These axe t h e sonsa of ~ ~ u ;
NU24:m
A'dah, E'sau's wife.
De 2.33
13 These are the sons of Reu'el: Na'hath y ,';"3
and Ze'rah, Sham'rnah and Miz'zah." These
came to be the sonsa of Eas'e.math, Ersau's
wife.
14 And these came to be the sons of
0.hol.i.ba'rnah the daughter of Knah, the
granddaughter of Zib'e.on, E'sau's wife, in
that she bore to E'sau Je'ush and Jarlam and
Ko'rah.0

dlch 1 3 5

15 These are the sheikswof the sons of E'sau: g

:; $g;fj
The sons of Elri.phaz, E'sau's first-born: Sheikb lch 1:m
Te5mqrnsheik O'mar, sheik Ze'pha, sheik Kef- sf$; ,l;ig
naz, l6 sheikh Ko'xahrc sheik Ga'tam, sheik Am'jz;f;kg
a.lek. These are the sheiksb of El'i.phaz in the
+.r91:12
land of E'dom. These are the sons by Ardah. H a b 3 : ~
17 These are the sons of Reu'el,"'sauJs son: '?&?$
Sheikb Na'hath, sheik Ze'rah, sheik Sharn'mah,
sheik Mizkah. These are t h e sheiksb of Reu'el
in the land of E'dom. These are the sons by
Bas'emath, E'sau's wife.
IS Finally these are the sons of O.hoI.i.barmah,"E'sau's wife : Sheik Je'ush, sheik Jalam, 1;Gc?;&
sheilt Ko'rrah. These are the sheiks 01 O.hol.i.barmah the daughter of A'nah, E'sau's wife.
+

Or, "grandsons." b lbSheik(s);' or, "chief (s)," L X I reads "leade r ( ~ ;) govmor ( s ) " . Tg reads "lenciw(s); duke ( s ) " . The Bel)rew
worcl is allt~ph' and is derived from e'Teph, meaning "A thousand".
Henrc itllupl!' basically mearls "leader of a thousand" and rorresponds with the Greek chiYi.arah of Mark 6: 21 etc. "Sheik
KO'TB!~,''NLXXSyTig; but Sam omits sheik Ho?mh, as verses
a

5'14, IS show he nay E'snu's (not El'i.phaz7) son by O.hol.i.barmah.

'Ge 2 5 3 0
G e 32:3

G e 36.1
Nu 20:14
~

Yg 11.17

Ps 1373
Isn 6 3 3

Oh 1
=Ge 145
De 2:12

GENESIS 36 ;19-31

19 These are the sons of Ersau, and these artre

their sheiks, He is Erdom.'
20 These are the sons of Se'ir the Hotrite,I
the inhabitants of the land: Lu'tan and Sho'bal
and Zib'e-on and A'nah " and Di'shon and Efzer
and Di'shan, These are the sheiks of t h e Rofrite, the sons of Se'ir, in the land of E'dom."
22 And the sons of Lottan came to be Hofri
and He'mam; and Lo'tan's sister was TimPna.+
23 And these are the sons of Sho'bal: Al'van and Manra.hath and Erbal. She'pho and
O'narn.+
24 And these are the sons of Zible.on:
A'iah and A'nah." This is the A'nah who
found t h e hot spring@ in the wildernesso
while he was tending the asses for Zib'e-on
his father.
25 And these are the children of A'nah:
Di'shone and 0.hol.i.ba'mah the daughter of
A"ah.
26 And these are the sons of Dirshon:b
Hem'dan and Bh'ban and Ith'ran and Che'ran.@
27 These are the sons of Efzer:"Eil'han
and Za'a.van and A'km.
28 These are the sons of Di'shan: Uz* and

A'ran.
29 These are the sheiks of t h e Horrite: Sheik
Loftan, sheik Sho'bal, sheik Zib'esn, sheik
A'nah, " sheik Di'shon, sheik E'zer, sheik Di'shan,* These are the sheiks of the Ho'rite according to their sheiks in the land of Se'i~.
31 Now these are the kings" who reigned in
the land of Erdomebefore any king reigned over
n"The hot springs.'' Hebrerr, hay-ys.>~aim',Tg reads aqaas ctalidm
("hot waters"). Xy reads '(waters", b "Di'shoni' with L X X i T g S y .

GENESIS 36 :32-37 :2

148

the sons of Israeln3"32 And Belak son of Be'or ~

~
~
proceeded t o reign in E'dom, and the name of p"
,
;
d
g
his city was Din%a.bah. 33 When Be'la died, f;&~::$;
Jo'babo son of Ze'rah from Boz'rah' began to +Isa34 6
reign instead of him. S 4 When Jo'bab died, HuY- FS,",%,h
shamwfrom the land of the TePrnan.itesbegan &
;:1,;:,
to reign instead of him. 3W%enHu'sham died, Q l c h l : &
Ha'dad" son of Ee'dad, who defeated the 3Zid'- *1Ch',4"
i.an.iteso in the field of Mbab," began to reign ; ~ ; ~ ~
instead of him, and the name of his city was
A'vith. $"hen
Ha'dad died, Sam'lah4 from *ich i : 4 ~
Mas.retkah began to reign ins.tead of him.
When Samlah died," Sha'ul from Re-ho'both *IC"1:48
by the River3 began t o reign instead of him.
"en
hha'ul died, Ba'al-ha'nann son of Ach'- I1Ch
bor began to reign instead of him. "When
Baial-ha'nan son of Ach'bor died, Hard& be- A1Ch1:50
gan t o reign instead af him, and the name of his
I
city was Pa'u, and the name of his wife was
Me.hetla.bel t h e daughter of Ma'tred the daughter of Me'za.hab.
40 So these are the names of t h e sheiks" of 3Exl5:15
E'sau according to their families, according to
their places, by their names: Sheik Timtna,O 4 1 C h I : s l
sheik Al'vah, sheik Je'theth, sheik 0.hol.i.ba'l:52
mah,' sheik E'lah, sheik Pi'nan, sheik Ke'*1m1:53
nw,@
sheikTe'rnan, sheik Mibkar, 4 3 sheik Mag'di.el," sheik I'ram. These are the sheiks of "1ChT:54
E'dom accordina to their dnrellingsDin the land OEx 10:23
of their possess~on.oThis is ~ ' s a uthe
~ father1,3F:pBj4,
#i='-25I30
of E1d0m.*
OGe 4525
And Jacobo continued to dwell in the *p;;;;
land of the temporary residences of his
z;?;:~
father," in t h e land of Ca'naan."
OGe 3831
3Ge 32:s
2 This is .the historya" of Jacob.
m1t 1:l
a Or, "These are the historical origins.)'

37

GENESIS 37 :3-10

Joseph,O
~
l when seventeen years old, happened
to be tending sheepa with his brothers among
cGe50:8
the flock? and, being but a boy, he was with the
sons of Eil'hah and the sons of Zil'pah, the
olSa 2:24 wives of his father. So Joseph brought a bad
OGe 4 3 5
reportn about them to their father. And IsraelQ
loved" Joseph more than all his other sons,"
because he was the son of his old age, and he
had a long, striped shirtlike garment made f o r
~~
him. I;lThenhis brothers came to see that their
father loved him more than all his brothers,
.'re 4:s
Gc 27:41 they began to hate' him and they were not able
"GP44:17
to speak peacefully3 t o him.
5 Later on Joseph had a dream0 and told it
to his brothers, and they found further reason
to hate him. And he went on to say to them:
"Listen, please, t o this dream that I have
dreamed.* Well, here we were binding sheaves
Thll
: R12.n
:2
in the middle of t h e field when here my sheaf
.IK 7:
got up and also stood erect and here YOUR
.,:c 1 2 : ~ sheaves proceeded to encircle and bow down to
gEi$ze my sheaf.'" %d his brothers began to say to
,,$jg;i4 him: "Are you going t o be king' over us for
w e 45,s
sure? or, Are you going to dominate" over us
*Ex2:14 for sure?"* So they found fresh reason te hate
we39:ls 'him over his dreams and over his wordso
hGe 4135
9 After that he had still another dreamA and
he
related it to his brothers and said: "Here I
OGe 43:28
Ge46.29 have had a dream once more, and here the
@Ex 1621
suno+ and the moon3 and eleven starsc were
cne4:19
SEX 3213
bowing down t o me."" lo
Then he related it t~
+Ge 46 5
G e 47:12
his father as well as his brothers, and his father began to rebuke him and say te him:
"What does this dream that you have dreamed
We37:28

149
j

Or, %appencd to be asaocinting."

GENESIS 37:11-18

150

mean? Am I and also your motherza and your

brothers for sure going t o come and bow down
to the earth to y ~ u ? ' ' " And
~
his brothers m e v
jealous of him, k t his father observed the
sayingtau

151

:gE;+;p

Ca T : I ~
c q 'I

?.I 1. 2;: I
,. >,$.la

WLu 2:19

tu

;j:'l

251

of their fatherb close by She'chemVp After a ig,"E,3,'

while Israel said to Joseph: 'Your brothers are
tencling flocks dose by She'chem, are they not?
lPy7
Come. and let me send you t o them.''' At this "ISn
he said to him: "Here I am!"&I"So he said ta "g: g:
him: "Go, please. See whether your bmtI1en;
are safe and sound and whether the ffock is
safe and sound," arid bring me back word." With
t h a t he sent him away from the v d e y of He'OEX O : I N
brano and he went on toward She'chem, '"atcr
a man found hirr~and here he was wandering
in a field. Then the man inquired of him, saying: "What are you looking for?" ' 9 0 this he
said: "It is my brothers I am looking for. Tell
mc, please, Where are they tending flocks?'"
And t h e man contbued: "They have pulled
away fram here, because I heard them saying,
'Let US go to Do'than.' "" So Joseph kept on after
his brothers and found them at Do'than.
18 Well, they caught sight of him from a distance, and before he muld get close by them
they began to conspire against him to put him
a Or, " ~ n t t e r . ' ' b ' m e flock of their father:' 3U.XXSyVg. But
in H the Hebrew particle ( e t h ) rltirh ~nodiflrst l w r words lu
mrtrked aith two of the ~ 9 t r a o r d i n qpoints of tho Sophrrim
(or sMihes), to indicate the words are rloubtful, to be oti:ilted,
If so, i t may mean thnt Joseph's brothers hnd gone to fmrl tlimlsdres. In m e 13 the word ''flocW' does not speciHrnltg orcur,
but the t w b is the asnte as in verse 13. Sw Genesis 1(3:5, foot mold'.
c Likrnlfy, "See the pence of your bmtl~ers~ n t lt h p pcncc of tho

1:21

~ t ~ .I : . I A

~ , " I I ~ ; ~ l

l2 His brothers now went to feed the flockb

ffock."

" pq
1 g fR'fm13
zlo:l

'

.
.(- .r2.:v2

1 .< T2:I.t

-(

:ce
'Ge42::n

Ex2319

( 1 423
~

*anmR
I ;11

.12:%1

.I'h

4n:a

Irlr :M:d

':o43!3
.\in
15%
,,rrc~lo:ll

I i u '2
~
' t ; ~31:2:1

GENESIS 37 :19-27

Accordingly they said t o one another: "Look! here comes that d~*eamer.~'
And now come nnd let us kill him and pitch
hlrn into one of t h e waterpits, and we must say
R vicious wild beastb devoured him." Then let
its see n.llat will become of his dreams." '"'men
Reu'ben ' heard this he tried to deliver him out
of their hand. So he said: "Let US not strike his
soult#fataIly."c: ':And Reu'ben went on to say
to them: '*Do
not spill b 1 c ~ ~ IPitch
.j
him into
this waterpit which is in the wilderness and do
not lay a violent hand upon him.'Wis purpose
was t o deliverz him out of their hand in order
to return him to his father.
23 So it came nbout that as soon as Joseph
came to his brothersq they went stripping
Joseph of his long garment, even the Iong
striped garment that was upon him,' 24 after
to death.'

which they took him and pitched him into the

waburplt,' A t the time the pit was empty; there
wrls no wntcr fn it,
25 Then they sat dawn t o eat"bread.Whehen
they ralsed their eyes and took a look, why,
7
here was a caravan of Ish'ma.el.ites= that was

coming from GiI'e.ad,'' and their camels" were

and balsama' and resinous
;I:: ? i l l bark, on their way to W e it doum to Egypt.
{;c3b.l
At this Jwdahu said t o his brothers: "What
.-+~
1 t6 : ~ profitA ivoulcl there he in case we killed our
?~
:Gc4'10
I.:~+ 2 1.1 brother and did cover over his b l ~ o d 2:Corne
and let us sell him to the Ish'rna.el.ites, and do
not let our hand be upon him.' After all, he is
.;lt$T71%our brotlrer, our flesh.""^ t h e y listened to
Y u :'G 29
I:*: '1 9

r:c

4 ~ ~ccaryjng
~ 2 laudanum

'e$til'

.'3
T,ittrnlly, JLthntthem tnnstcr (lord) of cIrenms!' b r h $ ~ ~ l Be"strike him a t the mu1
(or, as a r r o ~ l.)" [3r, "bnlri~," t l ~ is,
t of Qilcnd.

tlrss, t i ~ j ~ ! , ~ e;. p
LkS S , I)v.rlr~t.g Liternlly,

GENESIS 38:1-31

153
215
their brother. " Now men, Mid'l.an.1teo merchants,' went passing by. Hence they drew and %E $$
lifted up Joseph out of the waterpit and then
sold Joseph' t~ the 1sh'ma.el.i tes for twenty OCe 3*2
44s
silver7pieces.' Eventually these brought Joseph %@
into Egypt."
mm
'GC 45:4
41 :43
29 Later Reu'ben returned to the mnterpit fi4:z:17
and here Joseph was not in the waterpit, Consequently he ripped his garmentso apatqt,' ZEesg:12
GO 44113
8D When he return4 t o his other brothers he
exclaimed: "The childs is gone! And 1-where me43:22
am I really t o go?"
31 Ho\vever, they took Joseph's long garment
and slaughtered a male goat and repeatedly
dipped the long garment in the blood. Aftrr
that they sent t h e long striped garment and had
it brought to their father and saicl: "This Is
what we found. Examine, please, whether it Is
your son's long garment o r not.'-""And he
went examining" it and exclaimed: "It 3s my A,a;gi#j
son's long garment! A vicious wild beast must PDe 44:28
have devoured hirn!O Joseph Is surely torn t o *GB 31::;')
pieces!'" " With that Jacob ripped his clothes 3
+!+' : :
apart and put sackcloth"upon hf s back md carrjed on mourning3 over his son for many days.@z:sy;io
" And all his sons and dl his daughterso kept 'Gc4l:dS
rhing up to comfort" him, but he kept refusitrg 'G@
to take comfort and saying: "For I shall ga '::$::
dawn mourning to m y son into She'~l!""~*
And 3Ge -12::fl
-Ce 4 2 : ~
his father continued weepinga for him.
36 However, the Mid'i.an.ites sold him into
Egypt t o Potfi.phar a court official2 of P h d - .3 3ebl
3ok
aoh,b the chjeP of the bodyguard,"

."Shetol?' Sf, SkUaZ'. This is the A r ~ toccurrence of tljis word in

ficripture. Sp reads Sl?i.uP; L2XY,H ~ ' ~ c snnd
; lrg, i n . l ~ r ' j t t t . p .
b ' ' ~ J l ~ ~ r ' a ~~x-~thout
h , " the definite adicle in llr!w@w.
I

n the meantime it came a b u t

went down C1wm
bmth38he wheniJudah'
tentn near
an
Now

SGe 43:5

that

his

ers
pitched his
a man,
A.dulrlam.ite,'
and
hls
name
was
Hi'sah.
'
And
there
>Itc 1 : E
i -6:2
G~
dudah
gat to sce R daughterAof a certain CapGe 34:2
naan.ite19and I71sh nnmc M-RSShura, So he took
GGe 223
G e 2S:t
And she be
1cGe 35:16 her ancl had relatlons wlth her."
'ExZ:2
came ~ r e g n a n t Later
,~
slze bore a son and he
called his name El7,+ Again she became pregnmt. In time she bore a son and called his
-dc46 12
NU z$:ig
name O'nan.' Yet mother lime she went on
to bear a son and then called his name Shelah.'
Now hec happen4 to be in Ach'zib(I at the time
she bore him.
Ge 24:3
' Ex 4 s
6 In time Judah took a wifeg for Er his firstborn,"
and her name was Ta'mar.*' But Er,
:* h t t l : 3
Judah's first-born, proved to be wicked in the
nCgmG
:"yes2 of Jehovah; hence Jehovah put him t o
">r:" A*:m deathma' In view of that Judah said t o Onan:
I1 'I1 2:;i
I IH 5r1:23 "Have relations" w i t l ~ your
~ ' brother's wjfe and
I I< :C :tn:a
perform brother-in-1~1vmarrjngeEwith her and
raise up offspring for your brother.''* "ut
22:24
Vnan knew7 that the offspring would not become
his,+and it actually took place that when
;
he did have relatlons with his brother's wife he
lvasted his semen on the grounds so as not to
give offspring to his brother. 3nNowwhat he
did was evil in the eyes of Jehovah; hence he
put him also t o death, " So Judah said to TatnlSa22:l

:!,

Literally, "he pit~lled,~'

thnt i~ t o my, pitchrd hi^ tent. See Judges
4 ; 11. b '.His," M i "lier,'' LXXSy. 0 "lla,'' thnt ih, Judnli. But
LA=, 'Lshe.!' d''Che'zil~;' Irl; I l ~ t~rndcrrt~nrl
tn 11e the smne ns
hch'eib of Jothurt 15:44 n~rtlJlirnh I : 1-i. LitprnIly, *'Go in to.''
Or, "levimte ~nnrringe:' Jrljornh FRIP~! thin n f l i d d recog!iifion i n
the AIosait Inrr, nt U r u t w o t ~ o25
~ :~5-11.
~ ~ ~ literally, L'he rrtl~ted
l i t ] on the earth."
a

GENESIS 38;12--18

GENESIS 38:19-26

154

mar hb daughter-in-law: "Dwell as a tvidowo *s= 2 ~ x 3

in the ho~rse'of your father untIl Ske'lah my cce*s
son grows up."Tor he said to himself :a "He *Ru
too may die like his brothers." Accordingly
Tn'mnr went and continued to dwell nt her o w n
QGe 46:~
father'sQhouse."
*Le 22:13
12 Thus the days became many and the
daughter of Shu'a, Judah's wife, died and Juclah
kept the period of mottrning.' After that he *$;%&
went up to the shearers of Elfs sheep, he and
Hi'rmho his companion the Abdul'lam.ite, to ma
Tlm'nah." Then it was told to Tnfmar: "Here "Jos15:10
3 g 14:l

your father-in-law is going up t o Tim'nah t o

shearDhis sheep." 14 With that she removed the *Ce31:19
gwments of her t v i d ~ w h o o dfrom
~ ~ her and coveyed herself with a shawl and veiled herself and
sat dolvn at the entrance of E.na'im, which is
along the road to Tim'nah. For she saw that
She'lah" had grown up and yet she had not been " G e e 1 1
given as a wife t o him.
15 When Judah caught sight of her, he at
once took her for a prostitute,' became she had
covered her face. l* So he turned aside to h ~ by
r
the road and said: "Pillow me, plcnse, to have
relations* with you." For he did not know that -38:2
she was his daughter-in-law. However, she said:
"What will you give me that you mag have relations with me?"* To this he said: "I myself B e 16:33
s11all send a kid of the goats from the herd." lTIQ1o
But she said: "Will you give a security' until
you send it?" IS
And he continued: "What is Luls;a
the security that I shall give you?" to whfch
she said : "Your seal ring' and your cord for it
%162iH
and your rod that is in your hand." Then he Hag2:m

gave them to her and had rdntions with her,

so that she became pregnnnt by him. InAfter
that she got up and went and removed her
sllawl off her and clothed herself with the gar-

k&saiz$

Or, r,'*Porhe thought."

ments of her wido~vhood.'

';%\?$

20 And Judah proceeded to send the kid of

the goats3 by the hand of his companion the
flc*m:l A.dul'lam.ite9in order t o get back thesecurity
from the hand of the w a r n a ~ but
, ~ he never
found her. 2%And
he went inquiring of the men
of her place, saying: "Wl~creL that temple
prostitute in E.natim along the road?'' But they
kept saying; "'No temple prostitute has ever
been in this place." ':: Fi~ially he returned to
Judah and said: "I never found her and, besides, the men of the place snicl, 'No temple
prostitute has ever been in this place.' " ""So
Judah said: "Let her take them tor h m d f , in
nrder that we may not En11 into contempt. At
nny rate, I have sent this kicl, but you-you
~ P V C I * I'uund her.''
24 Ilowever, about three months later i t haprtu 4:12
pened that it was told t o J u d ~ h :"Ta'mwc your
n:al [laughter-in-law has committed prostitutior~,~
16'4
and here she is d s o pregnant" by her prostituI ;P 1O:JB
11.5 tien."a At that Judah said : "BRING
her out and
Id0 1:J
let lter be burned." '% she was being brought
out she herself sent to her f'nther-in-law, saying: "By the man to whom these belong I m
please,
Foe
tic 3l:m
3 7 : ~ pregnant." And she added: "Ex~nrine,+
to whom this seal ring and this cordb for it
*a 29
and this rod belong.'' : T h e n Judah examined'
Cn 4 . 1 : ~ them and said: "She is more righteousc than
for the reason that I did net give her t o
' b ~ ~ & ! am,"
~ ~
[

;I:X 12 5

41

Ur, "f~rnication!~ "Cord," LXXBgVgT0; 'toords,'9hl,

GENESIS 38 :27-39: 5

156

157

She'lah my son." And he had no furthef intercourse 114th her after that.
27 Now it developed th&tin the time of her
giving birth, why, here there were twins in her
womb?" %' Fhrther, it turned out that when she
was giving birth one extended his hand and the
midwife at once took and tied a scarlet piece
about his hand, saying: "This one c m e out:
ilrst."" =* Finally it developed that as soon an 11s ~ 2 5 2 5
drew back his hand, why, here his brother canle
out, so that she exclaimed: "What do you mean
by this, t h a t yon have produced a perincal 1wp- T;L-h;z
ture for purseIf?" Hence his name wns called I C I I ~ l i
Pe're~."~"And aften~.mclhis bvot her upon i1Ct$'1i'3
whose hand the scarkt piece was came out and &!?,Z;:
his name came to 'be called Ze'r~nh.~l-'
+ iM
, r . I 3i:36
1.~3
As far Joseph,*he was brought down to i:,'$;'\~
Egypt, and Pot"i.phar, R court of17cialJ1A " 7 ' "
of Phar'aoh,ca the chiefu of the b ~ d y g u ~ r rran
l , J$,"!j::f
Egyptian, got to buy him from the hnnd of the
1sh'ma.el.ites- who had brought him d o i n there, +Cea7:m
But Jehovaho proved to he with Joseph! sa
that he turned out a successful man9 ancl came '-to he over the h o w *of his rns~ter,"~
the EgypEL
tian. 3And his masterd got to see that Jellovah $?;:
was ~4th
him and that everything he was doing ?;;oiq,;!;
Jehovah mas making turn out successful in his

$zz4

39

;Ef;!a

3f

hand.'

4 And Joseph kept finding favormin hls eyes ;g; i

;;;!
and waited upon him continually, so t h ~ he
t RP;
;
;
pointed him aver his house,* and all that was N',: a:;n
his he gave into his hand. %d it followed that
?
from the time he appointed him over his house 1't'1'1,'5
Uenning "(Perineal] rupture". b Mcn~ling"A l~hininpforth; Risinf. 0 Sce Genesis 37: 36,footnoteh. 4 "BZn+b:" 1Trhl11.cn.,rs.do.nirrt',
t t i t z pJarnE of a.dG~', thp pilwal of excetlma~,na in V P ~ R P S7-20.
a

GENESIS 39:G I 3

and in charge of $11 that was his Jehovah kept

blessing the house of the Egyptian due to
Joseph, and Jehovah's blessing came to be upon
all that he had in the house and jn the field."
=m-3
Z S ~~ ~ 1 1
AcZ;:a4
Finally he left everything that rvas his in
Joseph's
hand," and he did not know what was
ALnIS:10
LU 19:17
with him at all except the bread he was eating.
Moreover, Joseph grew 10 be heatrtiful in form
' ~Rc7:20
" s " , ~ " 7and
: ~ ~beautsul in appearance.'
7 NOW after these things It came about that
s?rlt 5:m the wife of his master began to raise her eyesm
Joseph and say : "Cohabito with me."'"
T~r2::fi
Ea2,2;; toww+d
SBut
he
{vould refusemand ~vouldsay t o his
Eze 1632
J a s 6:;
master's
wife:
"Elere my master does not b o w
*Pr 1:10
t h a t is with me jn t h e house and everything
Pr58
.E?i% he has he has given inta my hand.* OThese is
no one greater jn this house than I am,and he
has not withl~eldfrom me anything at all exntri 12:4&
~co.~:a cept you, because you Rse his wiPehUSo how
could I commit this grcnt wickeclness and actually sin against GocI?''~
kc",":;!
10 So it turned out that as she spoke to
G,a,tZ,1,9::,
cGed7:8
Joseph daya after day he nwcr listened to her
;Pr 22.14 to lie alongside her, to continue with her.O
l1 But it happend that on this day as other
day+ he went inta the house to do his business
and there was nonc of the men of the house
*Job2435
e"'
she grabhed hold of
,J
,
2224 there in the house.' n
him
by
his
garment,c'
saying:
"Cohabit with
:.%E ~ $e:it146 : 3 0
me!"
But
he
left
his
garment
i
n
her hand and
.Tag 1:14
*aT12:22
took t o flight and went on outside." So it occurred that as soon as she saw that he lzad left
his garment In her hand thnt he might flee out-

,,,,,,,

-this dny as other dap."

For thim rwtl~rinaas appropriate

we Fetuz Irstrrrne~flsna, 1-ot. XI, So. 1, of Jan~aory1952, pages
H.5-87. (Puhlisbed nt Eeidm, tbc Ncthmlnnrls)

'['On

GENESIS 39: 14--22

side "she began t o cry out to the men of her

house and t o say to them: "Laolr! He brought to
4132
us a man, a Hebrew,@to make us a laughingstock. He came to me to cohabit with me, but
I began to cry out at the top of my voice.* 1
,:;;
I J And it followed that as soon as he heard that
g.\l;
I raised my voice and began crying out, he then
left his garment beside me and took t o flight
and went on outside." After that she kept his
garment laid up beside her until his master
UPS 3 7 : ~
came t o his hause,"
Jer 4 2 2
17 Then she spoke to him according t o these Jer 9:3
41:lO
words, saying : "The Hebrew servant3 whom
you brought to us came to me to make me a
laughingstack.&laBut it followed that as soon
as I raised my voice and began t o cry out, he AEX $ 0 1 6
then left his garment beside me and \vent fleeing outside,"' Is
The result was that as soon as :$:;%
his master heard the words" of his wife which "Ge 4296
she spoke to him, saying: ('Like this and this
your servant did to me," his anger b1azed.O Qg;zi;r
="o Joseph's rnaste~took him and gave him
over to the prison house,b the place where the
prisonersc d the king were kept under arrest," +Ge
and he continued there in the prison h0~s.e.~'g,:I;;
21 However, Jehovah continued with Joseph :;i2,:9,
and kept extending loving-kindnessVo him and CGe 40~14
granting him to find favor in the eyes of the
chief oficere of the prison house,hm" So the y ~ ;
chief officere of the prison houseb gave over in- EX 11:s
Ex 1226
t o Joseph's hand all the prisonersCwho were in P, l05:19
the prison house; and everything that they were 1; $697

"3~6
Ge 40:s

"

"@

Ps 1:3
*Ge 40:13

LGe 41A6

yGe43:20
'Ge 41:s0

r
LPS

L' Ez

1a::::$

LXI(R) adds: "rind he said

t o rue, 'I am going to cohabit with

bLitedly, "house of the [round] eastlc." CLiterally,

irhound ones." G t e r n l l y , "were kept bound.'' Or, "the prince.'"
Hebrew, sar.
you."'

GENESIS 39 :23-40: 8

159

158

76:IO

$:$;

bGc a7:5

I
:
$1 r' 7 13
I!,', 2 1

I)a 4:5
GO4 1 3

"Ge 41:8

Ge44:5

;
mNe2:2
LU a:17

doing there he proved to be the one having it

done." The chief officer of the prison house
was looking after absolutely nothing that was
in his hand, because Jehovah ayaswith Josepha
and what he was doing Jehovah mas making it
turn out successful.*
Now after these things it came about
that the cupbearer' of the kin$ of Egypt
and the baker offenclcdh against their Iordc3 the
king of Egypt. ' And Phar'aoh grew indignantQ
at~ his ~two officers,'
$
~ at the chiefds of the cupbearers m d at the chiefa of the b ~ k e r s . So
~ he
committed them t o the jail of the house of the
chiefs of the bodyguard, to t h e prison house,e
the place where osephc was a prisonermrAThen
the chiefd of the bo yguard assigned Joseph to
he with them that he might wait upon them,
and they continued in jail f o r some days.
5 h d both of them proceeded to dream a
dream,O each one his own dreame in the one
night, each one his dream with its own interpretation, the cupbearer and the baker who belonged to the king of Egypt who were prisonersf
in the prison house," " When Joseph came in t o
them in the morning3 and saw them, why, here
they were looking dejected.' 'And he began to
inquire of the officers of Phar'aoh who were
with him in the jail of his master'sRhouse, saying: "For what reason are YOUR faces gloomy
t ~ d a y ? " At
~ this they said t o him: "We have
dreamed a dream, and there is no interpreter

40

%-

Literally, '(him." bliterally, " ~ n n e d . ' ' 'Zord." Reb~ew,a.donim', the plural nwber o f a.di7aJ; here the plural of exceIlence,
lhr: same as a t Geuesis 39 : 3,3,i, 8,16,19,20,
"Chief.'> Hebrew,
xttr, t r m l n t e d "p~inc$' at Genesis 12: 15. See Uenesis 39: 20,
I'r~otnofe~."Prisoner (s) Or, "bound one I s )
fl

'

."

."

GENESIS 40 ;9-17'

160

with us." So Joseph said to them : "Do not in- XGe 41:16
terpretations belong to God?' Relate it to me, J o b 3396
Ps 2ti 1.4
please."
Da 2 2 9
2.23
9 And t h e chief of the cupbearers went on t o Da
Da 2 2 5
A m 3:7
relate his dream to Joseph and to say to him: ZPe 1:21
"In my dream, why, here there was a vine0 be. CGe 49:U
37:5
fore me." *"nd
on the vine there were three *Ge
&: 2
,;;
twigs, and it was apparently sprouting shoots,

Its blassoms pushed forth. Its clusters ripened

their grapes." " And Phar'aoh's cup was in my cGe 49.11
hand, and I went to taking the grapes and
squeezing them out into Phar'aoh's cup. After
that I gave t h e cup into Phar'aoh's hand."
" Then Joseph said t o him : "This is its inter- 41mf2
pretation:' The three twigs are three days, *Ge
Jg 7:14
D a 2:36
l3 In three days from now Phar'aoh will lift ur
Da 4 2 9
OGe
your headc* and he will certainly return you to G e 448.14
k21
25.27
your office and you will certainIy give Phar'- 2Ki
PS 3:3
aoh's cup into his hand according t o t h e Jcr 5231
former custom when you acted as his cupbearer.
l4 Nevertheless, you must keep me in your remembrances as soon as.it goes well with you, and oGe 4 2 9
47:B
you must, please, perform loving-kindnessTwith Ou3e
olsa 25:31
2Sn
me and mention me to Phar'aoh and you must 1Co 9:l
7.21
get me out of this houseaO15F0rI WE in fact +Ge 97:B
Ex 21 16
kidnapedt from the land of the Hebrewsg and 1Ti 1:10
1433
here also I have done nothing at all for which 5Ge
G e 41:12
ZGe 393
they should put me in the prison hole."aX
Da 6.12
Soh 13:25
16 When the chief of the bakers" saw that he #Ge
403
had interpreted something good, he in turn said
to Joseph: "I too was in my dream, and here
there were three baskets of white bread upon
my head, l7 and in the topmost basket there
were all sorts of eatables for Phar'aoh, the
Literally, "the cistern," a hole shaped Sike one and used fur a
prison.
a

161

GENESIS 40:18-41: 4

product of a baker, and there were fowlso eating them out of the basket on top of my head."
l 8 Then in responding Joseph said: "This is its
interpretation :* The three baskets are three
*?;Da2:3G
2$,;
days. l q n three days from now Phar'aoh will
Da 4 9 9
lift up your head from off you and will cer, ,E
J","S%12$tainly Rang3 you upon a stakea and the fowls
wirI certainly eat your flesh from off you.'1A
6;:;;:;
~isai7:44
20 NOWon the third day i t turned out to be
2% 21:10
Eze 39:4 Phar'aoh's birthday,O and he proceeded to make
a feast5 for all his servants and to lift up the
;?F&:&36
lrrG:21
head of t h e chief of the cupbearers and t h e head
of the chief of the bakers in the midst of his
servants.+" Accordingly he returned the chief
'$&\%i$
x1t25:19 of the cupbearers to his post of cupbearer: and
KGe M:13
Ne2.1
he continued to give the cup into Phar'aoh's
41:13 hand. 2 = But t h e chief of the bakers he hung up,"
just as Joseph had given them the interprets"n2'30
tion,* e 3 However, the chid of t h e cupbearers
did not remember Joseph and went on forget'Job 1314 ting him "
Ps 31:12
CEx 1241.
And it came about a t the endo of tsvo
Ge 42:15
full yearsb that Phar'aohc was dreaming'
and
h u e he was standing by the rivero Nile.
::ii7
Ge 37.5
And here ascending out of the river Nile were
G c 40:5
J ~ 7 : 1 3 seven cows beautiful in appearance and fatD8 2:l
Da &a
fleshed and they went to feeding among the
Nile-grass." aAnd here there were seven other
cows ascending after them out of the river Nile,
ugly in appearance and thin-fleshed, and they
took their stand alongside the cows by the
bank of the river Nile. 'Then the cows that were
ugly in appearance and thin-fleshed began to
eat up the seven cows that were beautiful in
Or, "timber." Literallyj "wood." Z-LY,rp'los; Vg, c m x . b Liter"-I1:13

,,.,,

:zz 41

rllly,

"two years of days."

Or, "the reeds,"

'

GENESIS 41:5-13

162

163

GENESIS 41:14-24

"1"
appearance and fat. At this Phar'aoh woke up.*
14 And Ph~r'aohproceded to sendQRn to
mE$:m
--42:6
5 Hotvever, he went back to sleep and dreamed
call
Jose h " thnt they might bring him quickly"
=Ps133a
2
a second time. And here there were seven ears
g->+
0111 f 1~ prison hole. IIcncc hc shawd' and
:%I
i - 3
~I?:W
22
of grain coming up r>n one stalk, fat and good.
changed his garmmts" nncl welit in to Phaf: ~ K I2i:m
'And here there w a e seven ears of grain, thin
aah. l5Then Phar'aoh snicl to Joseph: "I have
and scorched by the east wind,"owlng
up ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ; dreamed
: ~ a drcnm, but thcrc is no interpreter of
after them. And the thitl ears of grain began HU 13:'"
it. Now I myself have heard it s ~ i dabout you
:Ge 41:12 that you can hear a dream and interpret itMA
l o swallow up t h e swen fat and Ctlll eors of
P#2514
D
. ~ : I Z l o At this Joseph answered Phnr'aoh, saying :
grain. At this Phar'aoh woke up and here it
Ge 4 5 : s
FQQ12:O
w8s a dreammO
:ac 3.12 "I need not he considered !': God" mill announcea
,\c 1?15
welfare t o Phar'aohaM.c;, 40:8
P And it developed in the m m l n g z that his
And Phar'aoh went on to speak to Joseph:
zpiritn3 became agitated. So he sent and call& ;% !;,$
gp2";'
2
"7
1 12.23
%.
~
"In
my
dream here I waq standing on the bank
811 the magic-practicing priests of Eqypt and
;;g ; ~
x.f.22
of the river" Nile. '"And hrre ascending out of
all her wise men, and Phafaoh went on to rethe river Kile were sevcn cows fat-fleshed and
Fnte his d m s b t o them.' Brit there wns no 13.q 1 ~ 2 0
beautiful in form, and they began to feed among
interpreter of them for Phar'aoh. lbThenthe :;lt2j:L
47.6
t h e NiIe-grass.
And here there were seven
ohier of the cupbearers spoke with Phsr'aoh,
other cows ascending after them, poor and very
saying: "hly s h e I am mindful of today.lb6F~:;i:
T " P h ~ r ' a o hmas indignanP at his servants? : ~ ~ ; ~ . ~ / ~ ~ ~ ugly in form and thin-fl~shed. For ugliness I
have noi: RCPIIt h 1~Ckc of 111~mIn all t h e land of
So he committed me t o t h e jail of the house of
c r 41:3
E ~ y p t .Irl
~Anct
. ~ I he skinny and ugly cows began
the chief of the bodyguard, both me and the
.(:r
41:4
t
o
eat
up
the
flrst0 scven fat C O I Y S . ~a 50 these
chief of the bakers." After that \-ve both "
~
~
~
~
~
~
came into their bellies, and ycE it could not be
dmmerl a dream in the one n i ~ h tboth
, ~ I and : r : \ I 1 ) I a
known that they had come into their bellies, as
he. We dreamed eaich m e his dream with jts own
* t ~ o:zo
a
their appearance was ugly just as at the start.'
interpretation." n Z h dthere was d t h us there - G ~ G ~ : S
At that I woke up.
a young man, a Hebrew: a servant of the chief
22 "After that I saw In my dre~rnand here
of the hodyguad.' When we r e r n t d them to Az;i,:;F
theye .evere sevm~ ears of grain corning up
him, he proceeded to Intmpret our dreams to I;* :lfl:N
'Ee4?:5
on one stalk, frill and good.u -Wnd here there
11s. He interpreted to each according to hi9
~
2 ~ 1 1 9 : 2 6were seven ears of
rain shriveled, thin,"
dream.b %
lA
r
m
r
t
It turned out that jtfsf n.q he '2,":;:::
I 'R 129:6
arqne r m o scorched by thr? east !vindrb growing up after
had interpreted l o us so i t happned. Me he rn
lm44c
19:lZ
them. And the thin ears of grain began to
I , , , 13:15
turned t a my office,' but him he h a n g ~ d . " b ~ '(;a dD:20
mza
br:r 41:T
swalIo\v UP the s e w n good ears of grain.' So
a Or, L'mintL" Hebrew, ru'aik. 6m ~ Q ~ & I S 1 : 2, Pnotnntthd.
L stated it to thc n~rrglc-practicingpriests, but
.,:,
4f:X
' ' I > ~ c H ~ < , " snln: "dream," ~ ~ 7 d X S V g''Ifi~n
,
Iir? l~nnjicd," 11;
k; !;+"there was none telling me.""
"that one was hanged." LIX; '4hnt ane wnr 1lomr.c'd on n t o r t i ~ r r !
'
"
@

stlike [Lntin,

CIXE;

1.g.

- -

Yg reads: 'wthout

ma Ctod will annoenc~."

GENESIS 41:25-35

25 Then Joseph said to Phar'aoh: "The

dream of Phar'aoh is but one. What Goda is "&Ti2=
doing he has told to Phar'aoh." "The seven' Frn%?j
good cows are seven years.@Likewise the seven ;$ ;$;2;
good ears of grain are seven years. The dream k~
;!:
is but one. P 7 And the seven skinny and ugly ~e 12:s
cows that came up after them are seven years;
and the seven empty ears of grain, scorched
by the east wind, will prove t o be seven years
of fmine.On This is the thing that I have :%48"i7p
spoken t o Phar'aoh: What Goda is doing he has
AIsa 1 9 1 3
caused Phar'aoh to see.'
29 "Here there are seven years coming with
great abundance in all the land of Egypt. But
seven years of famine wiU certainly arise after
them, and a11 the abundance in the land of Egypt
will certainly be forgotten and the famine will
simply consume the land.' 8 1 And the abundance +pm2i;fl
once in the land will not be known as a result ,7$:;!:
of that famine afterward, because it will certainly be very s e ~ e r e3?. ~And the fact that the mGeu:10
dream was repeated to Phar'aoh twice" means '~~~
that the thing is firmIy established on the part. ; ;$ f$:4
~ 2 3:9
~ e
of Goda and GodRis speeding t o do it.*
33 "So now let P h d a o h look for a man
discreet and wise md set him over the land of
Egypt.' 84 Let Phar'aoh act and appoint over- "y2::3,
seers' over the land, and he rnust take up one D ~ ~ ~ :
fifth of t h e land of Egypt during the seven years
of abundance. S 5 And let them collect all the
foodstuffs of these coming good years and let
them accumulate grain under Pharkoh's hand
as foodstuffs in the cities, and they must safeHebrew, ha-El.o.hd?n', with the definite ~r.x.ticlek a before
El.a.himr these four times in verses 25, 28, 32, unlike verse 16,
where Joseph does lrot use the definite article ha before El.adhim'.

a "Uod."

GENESIS 41 :3 6 4 5

165

164

guard it,& And the foedstufls must serve as a

supply f o r the land for the seven famine years,
which will develop in the land of Egypt, in order
that the land may not be cut ofby the famine,''
37 Well, the thing proved to be good in the
eyes of Phar'aoh and of all his servants, 89 SO
Phar'aoh said t o his servants: "Can another
man be found like this one in whom the spirit
+Nu2~:18 of God8 is?"+ 3 W t e r that Pharkoh said to
Isa 61:l
~;t4:8
Joseph: "Since God& has caused you to know
all this, there is no one as discreet and wise as
eD@1:13
you are.@4 0 You will personally be over my
house, and all my people0 will obey you implic:gi$i
11:s
itly.bx Only as to the thronemshall I be greater
tgh39':" than you.'" "And Phar'aoh added to Joseph:
Eg t:;$2 "See, I do place you over all the land of Egypt."*
e a With that Phar'aoh removed his signet rinp"
JCS 8 2
from his awn hand and put it upon Joseph's
hand and clothed him with garments of fine
5:29
linen^ and placed a necklace of goldAabout his
neck. Moreover, he had him ride in the second
~ E 14:25
K
chariot0 of honor that he had, so that they
' 2 C ~ 1 4should call out ahead of him,' "A.ur~?kh!"~
thus
OGe 46:8
putting him over all the land of Egypt0
44 And Phar'aoh further said t o Joseph: 'T
am Phar'aoh, but without your authorization
no man may lift up his hand or his foot in all
we&7:8
the land of Egypt."* 45 After that Phar'aoh
~ 3:15
~
called Joseph's namemZaph'e-nath-pa.netahe and
a "God." Eebrew, ET.a+hin~',~ i t h o u tthe definite axticle, as at
ALu 1242

verse 16. b l i t e r a l l ~ ,"upon your mouth all my people will kisg

[ G t , adjust themsel~ea]
Or, ''byssus fabric.?' d "d.d.vr.dkh!jj The
exact meaning o f this expressiou has not yet been determined.
Vg rends: "That a11 should bend the knee before him." Sy reads:
"Father and Ruler !I7 Meaning "Revealer of hidden thmgs", the
way the ;Hel)r~rrs
understand the Hebrew form of the~vord;'(Savior
uf the morld," Vg.

."

GENESIS 41:46-54

166

167

GENESIS 41 :5-2

:6

"GF 43:l
gave him As'e-nath the daughterGof Pot.i'pheoraa OEK
famine started t o come, just as Joseph had said,
the priestc of O n h " as a wife. And Joseph began ? ~ ~ j ~ $ Ce~42.11.
41.13 And famine developed in all the lands,O but in
Am 8.11
l o go out over the land of Egypt. Qs And Joseph " ~ s " , ~ ~
.GE 47.12 all the land of Egypt there was found bread.o
was thirty years* old when he stood* before .$a?jg321
5s Fjnally all the land of Egypt became famished
3Ge ~ L ~ : Z O
Phar'aoh t h e king0 of Egypt.
and t h e people began t o cry to Phar'aoh for
Then Joseph went out from before Phar'aoh
bread. Then Phar'aoh said to all the Egyptians:
-Ps 1mj:20 "GO t o Joseph.' Whatever he says to YOU YOU
m d toured about in all the land of Egypt. 37 And
during the seven years of abundance the land
T$U,.;"4:5 are to do." 58 And the famine obtained over all
went on producing by the handfuls? 48 And he y:;$;g
the surfacem of the earth.3 Then Joseph began
kept collecting all the foodstulTs3 of the seven oGe47:2.1
wTal3:lo to open up a11 the grain depositoriesmthat were
years that came upon the land of Egypt and
among thema and to sell to the Egyptiatn~,~
as
he would put the foodstuffs in the cities.O The oMs-'"ll
the famine got a strong grip on t h e land of
foodstuffs of the field that was round about a
Egypt. 5T Moreover, people of all the earthc came
city he put in the midst of it. 4%d Joseph conto Egypt to buy from Joseph, because the fam"s 105:36 ine had a strong grip on all the earth,'
tinued piling up grain in very great quantity
49:13
like the sand of the seac until finally they gave
Eventually Jacob got to see that there
up counting it, became it was without number.' +"* S:10
were cereals in Egypt. Then Jacob said
50 And before the year of the famine arrived
GGe 48,m
to his sons: "Why do YOU keep looking at one
there were horn to Joseph two sons," whom G e e 1 5
~ e8r ~ 4 another?"* And he added : "Here I have heard
As'e-nath the daughter of Pot.iJphe.rm the priest " ~ ~ " 0 : : ~ ~
that there are cereals in Egypt. Go down there
of On bore to him " So Joseph called t h e name , E;
and buy for US from there, that we may keep
we46:m
of the first-born Ma.nas'seh,c"" because, t~ quote
438
him, " G d d has made me forget a 1 my trouble
Ps 115:17 alive and not die off."" Accordingly ten brothXe45:1
6 5 : ~
ersg of Joseph went down to buy grain from
and all the house of my father."# 6 Z And t h e
'Ge 43:15 Egypt.
name of the second he called E'~hradrn,~O'be- $gf $!:;
But Jacob did not send Benjarninfo
t Ge 3s:18
cause, t o quote him, "Gadd has made me fruitful g; &:;7
Joseph's brother, with his other brothers, beJOS 14:4
in the land of my wretchedness."'
cause he said: "Otherwise a fatal accidentd may
J i:29
+ F e 57:3
53 And the seven years of the abundance
Ce 4334 befall him,"'
0&~5;11
*Ge 41 57
that had obtained in the l a d of Egypt gradu- AC 7:io
5 50 Israel's sons crime along with the others
ally endedjA and in turn t h e seven years of the AGe 41:26
' x e 43:1
who were coming t o buy, because the famineo
= I n t h e Cairo 11u~eurnthere is a funeral piltar {stele) that was
existed in the land of ~a'naan.~' And Jose hm

42

discowred in 1935 and that refers fa a permnage named Potiphare. b "On," 31; '.Heliopolis,'' LXXYg. That is, "The city of
the sun," hecauac: the worship of the snn under the form of the
god R.R MYIS carlied an in his temple there. CNesning 'Waking
iorgetfnl'', or, "One ~vhafo~gets." d "God." Hebrew, ELo.Jaam" with
no definite article* Meaning "Doub1;r finitful", or, "Fruitland."

LitcraIlgl "open up a l l that was tlmong them." LXX reads : %pen

LiteraUy, ''31ore1117 all the g o i n depositozics." b OF,"to Egypt,"
over. nll the earth,:' but the verb "came" that followg iis in the
plural, der~otingpeople, d Literally "a healing," bat uaed here as
r l euphemism for
fatal accident:+.

GENESIS 42:7-16

168

was the man in power over the land. He was

the one that did the selling to all people of the
41:40
earth.' Consequently Joseph's brothers camE =Ge
Ge 4 3 8
P
s
and bowed low to him with their faces t e t h e A c 105:21
7:10
37.7
earth.* When Joseph got to see his brothers #Ge
Ge 37.9
he at once recognized them, but he made him. G e 4414
self unrecognizable to them, So he spoke harshly with them and said to them: "Where have
YOU come from?" to which they said: "From
the land of Ca'naan to buy foodstuffs."
8 Thus Joseph recognized hh brothers, b~lf
25:3
they themselves did not recognize hirnnb Im- AMt
Lu 24:16
DEy 2.24
mediately Joseph remembered0 the dreamsGthat @Nu
126
37:s
he had dreamed respecting thern,O and he went 3Ge
Ge 379
13:2
on to say t o them: "You are spies!' You have *Ku
2:l
come to see the exposed conditiona of the land!" JOS
Heb 11:31
' T h e n they said to him: "No, my lord, but
378
your servantsmhave came t o buy foodstuffs. BGe
Ge 4 4 9
" We are all of us sons af but one man. We are
upright men.# Your servants do not act as eGe 4233
spies," But he said to them: "Not so! Because
YOU have come t o see the exposed condition" of
the land!" l3 At this they said: "Your servants
are tweIve brothers." 1% are t h e sons of but am 1 2
one manAin the land of Ca'naan, and here the a m I:I
youngestd is with our father today whereas the OGe 4 3 3
+Ge 37:30
other one is no more."14 However, Joseph said to them : "It is what
I have spoken to YOU, saying, 'You are spies!'
15Ey this YOU will be proved, As Phar'aohc aGe 44:18
lives," YOU will not go out of here except when x1Sa 20.3
YOUR youngest brother comes here, lG Send one
of YOU that he may get YOUR brother while YOU
have been bound, that YOUR tvords* may be SGe W:2

169

"the nakedness." Or, "the defenselessness.')

proved to be the trutho in YOUR case.' And if

not, then, as Phar'aoh lives, YOU are spies."
l7 With that he put them together in custody
for three days,
18 After that Joseph said to them on the
"Ne
L e 255 i :4 3 ~ third day: "'Do this and keep alive. I fear God.&*
"If wou are upright, let one of YOUR brothers
be kept bound in YOUR house of custody, but the
rest of YOU go, take cereals for the famine in
'Ge43:a
YOUR houses.' "Omen YOU will bring YOUR
youngest brother to me, that YOUR words may
$Ge43:5
be found trustworthy, and YOU will not die.''e
And they proceeded t o do so.
.Ge37:23
21 And they began to say one to the other;
l
3 "Unquestionably we are guilty with regard to
,~
we saw the distress of his
"JE,"$! our b r ~ t h e rbecause
"x
soula when he implored compassion on our part,
'De 2 ~ 5 3 but we did not listen. That is why this distress3
'Ge 46:8
has come upon us.""*"Then Reu'hens answered
"Ge 3 i : n
them, saying: "Did not I say to YOU, 'Do not
hIt25:a
sinC against the ~ h i l d , ' but
~ " YOU did not listen?
And
now
his
b
l
~
o
d
,
~
here
"
it is certainly asked
;gF:;;
NU s f i l l back," " As for them, they did not know that
Joseph was listenhg, because there rvas an inu o b 33123 terprete? between them. 2 4 Consequently he
~ - ~ e 4 3 : 3 0turned away from them and began to weep."
Then he returned to them and spolre t o them
~ ~ G , " ~ ~ :and
: $ ~ took Sim'e-on* from them and bound him
before their eyes. 26 After that Joseph gave the
command and they went t o filling up their recGe44:1
Isa 5 5 2 ceptacles with grain.' Also they were to re*
*e 43:12 the moneya of the men to each one's individual
x e 11:32
wGe45:21 sack3 and ta give them provisions for the
journey." Accordingly they-id
so to them.
FE;!+;ae

a Literally,

GENESIS 42:17-25

clod." Hebrew, kn-El.o.ltina', with the defluite ahicle ha before

I!'l.o.Trinat. b the^^'^ VgSy; "he," N.

171

26 So they loaded their cereals upon their

on their tray from thew. " When
one opened his sack to give fodder to his ass nt
the lodging place,' he got t o see his money and g' : j:
here it was in the mouthGof his bag. * At t h ~ S";*"'':l
he said to his brothers: "bIy money has heen

Hebrm, ~ d o . t i i m ' ,the plmd of oxmllcncc, ns nt Oenrsi*

10: 1, footnot~c. b " T r a ~ d F that is, for eolu~nerrinl pnrpRm.

"Tmrl."

father exclaimed to them: '"It is I YOU have beI ' P E I V ~!'~ Joseph is no morewand Sirn'e-on is no
~llore,*and Ecnjnrnin YOU are going to take! It
is upon mr! that all these things have come!""
I+
" Rut Reu'hcn said to his father: "My on-11b'o
sons you m a y put to deatho if I do not bring
""c 1~
him bnck to you:' Give him over to my m e v
GP 4 1 3 3
' K.9 :??:!I
and I, shall be the one to return him to you+''
' I ; c 3T.M
* 1 ; ~ . 1 ~ : t r , 1 4 H ~ ~ e ~ he
e 1said:
- , "My son will not go doxtw
Nu 1 Ga:10
~ vt iIk YOU mcn, lsccause his brother is dead and
I
I H
.T,I~Y
,,,,,, 3; r i he has been left by himself. If a fatal accidenta
1''h'':13
should befall him on the trip on which YOU
1;r
~vould
go, then mu would certainly bring dorvn
T l i , 1'1 I 4
v : c .I.L:?~ m y gray hairs with grief to Shc'ol."ha
And the farnine was severe in the land."
AC T:II
And it came about that as soon as they
r l ' : ~ 2 : 2 n had flnlshed entingo up the cereals they had
l~rauglltfrom Egypt thefr father proceeded t o
say to them: "Return, buy a little food for us.""
"I:;/
!,!
'
44:14
a Then Judaho said to him : "The man unrnistalcably bore witness to us, saying, 'YOU must not
see my face agnin unless YOUR brother is with
;41:?3 YOU.'" If you are sending our brother with us,
we are willing ta go dotvn and buy food for you.
Wut If you are not sending him, we shall not
go down, hecause the man did my to us, 'You
must not see my face again unless YOUR brother
* ;C -I+::?
is ~ 4 t hYOU.' '" And Israel0 exclaimed: "Why
did YOU have to do harm to me hy Selling the
:wa:ia man you h d another brother?"' At this they
Zcc 2.9
said: "The man dil'ectly inquired concerning us
and our relatives, saying, 'Is YOUR father yet
alive? D o YOU have another brother?' and we
IGF .17:35
s1;n :+7::30
* ( ; c.1>:'12
I; v ~12.2I
,
I
I
5:,

asses and got

returned and now here it is in my bag!"Thcn

their hearts: sank* and they turned trembling
t o one another, saying: "What is this God has ['s GI:::
3Arn 3:6
done to us?""
29 At leng-th they cane to Jamb their father
to the land of Caknaan and told him all the
things that had k f d e r r them, saying: a0 "The
man who is the lorda of the country spoke
11~arshlywith us, since he took us for men spying
on the country.* 81 But we s ~ i dt o him, We are),dz;ji::&
upright men.' W e do not act as spies. za We are
;Y"
twelvee brothers, the sons of our father.' One .I.:Y I:]
is no more," m d t h e youngest* is today with ~~i~~~~~
our father in the land of Ca'nann.' P a But the
Inan who is the lord of the country said t o us,
'By this I a m going t o know YOU are upright :" OD"lff!3
Have one brother of oms stay with menThen
sou take something far the famine in Youa
houses and go. a*Bnd bring YauR youngest
brother to me,"hat I may know that POW are no OGe 4250
spies but YOU are upright Y o ~ brother
a
I shall
give back to you and you may travelh about the
+GC 34:IO
land.' ""
1 lCl 1b:lS
35 And it came a b u t that when they were
emptying their sacks here nraseach onek bun,e 42:n
dle of money in his sack.@ And they as %*ellEL^ cc
43:;'1
their father got to see their bundles of money,
ol:"
and they became afraid.' " Then Jacob their.

GENESIS 42:3 7 4 3 :7

,,

:>..-I

'

(;Q

Rer r r r ~ r4, fnntnntd, b "8hr'ol."

r ~ a d sSfri-u7'; LAX&Hn'r7Ps;
rind Vg, iv'f*.ri. Thin is thr ~scnnclof 65 o e ~ u m n ~of
m this word
171 thv S c r ~ p t ~ ~ rS
mP
. Appenrlix,
~
p n p 851, under Genesis 37: 35.

GENESIS 43 :8-15

172

went on t o tea him according to these facts.' 'Ge 4213

Wow could we h o w for sure that he would say,
OGi! m15
"ring yorm brother down'?"'"
8 Finally Judah said to Israel his father:
"Send the boy with me,' that rve may get up ' C C R M
and go and t h a t we may keep alive and not die
off, both we and you and our little children." " ~ , 4 ~ ; ~ 1 7
I shall be the one to be surety' for him.'Wut
1.3 1 i n : ~ n a
of my hand you may exact the penalty far
IPl> 7 : E
IS I fail to bring him to you and present him to c 1I#:\:
2 1:.:I
you, then X shall have sinned against you for all
i!;!!'
time." '"ut
if we had not JingerW around, we
stlould by noiv Rave k e n thece and back these
two times."
11 So Israel their father said to them: "If
then that is the case,' do this: Talce the finest eE&?,B,
products of the land in YOUR receptacles and ;$;;:
carry them down to the man as a gift:' a little B.J4lr
I ~ I .18:~s
?:X
balsam," and a little honey,' laudanum* nnd J (.r 'I,,: 11
resinous bark,# pistachio nuts and a l m o n d s , Y ~ P $ ~ ~
l2
Also take double the moneyu in YOUR hand," ';:y;'y;$
and the moneycvthat was returned In the ? C C . I I : L
mouth of YOUR bags 1-ov will take b ~ c kin YOUR
hand." Maybe it rvas a mistake. l 1 And take IRO
~ C Ik8
8.21
O
YOUR brother and get up, return t o the man,
l4And may Goda Almightyz give aou pity be- XeW:3
fore the man, that he may certainly release to
YOU YOCTRother brother and Benjamin. But I,
in case I must be bereaved, I shall certainly be
em 4:11
bereaved!"+
15 Accordingly the men took this gift, and
they took double the moneyCin their hmd and
Benjamin? Then they rose and went their way 9ce44:12
Lit~rnllg, "811 the day." b Or, "hnIrn."
Lltrrnlly, "silver!'
a lnCorl.!'IIebrew, El. with no definite orticle, %IloWcrl by ,~~tnrl.cEa'S
("dlnlightp'"E, with no definite article.

173

GENESIS 43 :16-25

down to Egypt and got to stand before J o s e a e

l6 W h e n Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he at
once said to the man \vhowas over his house:a
"Take the men to the house and slaughter animals and make prepamtion, because the men
are to eat with me a t noon,"" I TImmediately the
man did just as Joseph had said. So the man
took the men to Joseph'e house." IRBut the men
got afraid because they had been talren t o
Joseph's house and they began to say: "It is because of the money tlmt went back with us in
our bags at the s t ~ rthat
t we Are heing brought
here for them to fall upon us and attack us and

for slavt?sr,and ~ l s oour asses!""

19 Hence they approached the man who was
over Joseph's hause ~ n spolte
d
to him a t the entrance of the house, ?'' and they said: "Excuse
us, my lord!> We surely did come down a t the
start to buy food.' But what occurred was
that when wc came to the lodging placea and
began opening our bags, why, here was the
money of each one in the mouth of his bag, our
money in f~11lweight, So we would like to r e h
it with our own hands." " And more money w e
have brougl~tdown in our hands to buy fmd.
We certainly do not know \\rho placed our money
in our bags."' 2 T h e n he said: "It is all right
with YOU. DO not be afraid,' Y o n God and the
God of 1 * 0 r father
~
guve \*ou treasure in
hags. Youn money came Arst t o me." " w r that
he brought out Sirn'chonoto themmm
24 Then the man b r o u ~ h t the men into
Joseph's house and gave water that they might
have their feet washed' and he gave fodder for
their asses.h " And they proceeded t o get the
gift' ready for Joseph" scorning at noon,because
to take us

-Ge &':I8
' G e 42:s
t=Ge 42:m
Ge 44:11

CGe 46:10
TGe 42~24
Ge 42:36

>Ge 18.4
Ga 192

LU 7.44

doh 135
WGe 24332
'rre 43:11

1Sa 8:;
ZK1 S:8
Pr 18:16

175
they had heard that it was there t h e y were go43:~
ing to eat bread." 2o When Joseph went an into
t h e house, then they brought the gift that was
in their hand to him into the house, and bowed
lorn t o him to the earthA "After this he in- Ag~$:z
guired whether they were getting along weflBe,g $:
and said: "Is YOUR father, the aged man of J f i l S ; 1 5
whom YOU have spoken, getting along wellPb
4k13
Is he still alive?"' ""0
this t h e y said: "Your
servant0 our father is getting a l ~ n gwell. He is CGe ":3
still alive," Then they bent low and prostrated
themselve~.~
2% 1:2
1:16
29 When he raised his eyes and saw Benjamin 11<1
ZCh 2e:17
his brother, the son of his mother," he went on "%$::,2,
to say: "ls this YOUR brother, the youngest one
of whom YOU have spoken to me?"# And he *Ge 4 2 1 : ~
added: "May God show you his favor, my son."
Joseph was now in a hurry, because his inward emotions" were excited toward his brother, :,=3:,&;:
so that he looked for a place t o weep3 and he "Go.l5:14
went into an interior room and gave way t o
tears there.* a1 After t h a t he washed his face AFzh4fj2&
and went out and kept control of himself0 and
said: "SETon the meal."' And they proceeded +gZg
to set it on for him by himself and for them by
themselves and for the Egyptians who were
eating with him by themselves, for the Egyptians were not able t o eat a meal with t h e Rebrews, because that is a detestableQthing to the 'G" 4 6 3 4
WEX a:%
Egyptians?
33 And they mere seated before him, the
first-bornc according t o his right as first-barn"gg;;;&
and the smallest according t o his smallness, and
the men kept looking at one another in wonder.* 'Gea:12
a Litwally, "inquired
bout their peace (welfare) .H h Literally,

"Does YOUR father

. ..

~ A T B peace

(welfare) t"

GENESIS 43 :34-44 :9

34 And he kept having portions carried from before him to them, but he would increase Benja'Fart
za4:~;2. 2 0 min's portionyve times the size of the portions
of all t h e others. So they continued banqueting
a n 1 1 m and drinldng with him to the
Later on he commanded the man who
,c
43.1
was
over his houseJPsaying: "Fill the
Lu 32:42
bags of the men with food to the extent they are
"Ge47:14 able to carry it and place the money3 of each
:gsi$ one in the mouthc of his bag.' Wut you must
place my cup, the silver cup, in the mouth of
the bag of the youngest and the money for his
CGE 4 5 : ~cereals."
~
So he did according t o t h e wordc of
Joseph which he had spoken.
cck 4g:m
3 The morning" was light when the men we1.e
sent away, both they and their asses. 'They
went out of the city. They had not gone far
when Joseph said to t h e man who was over his
house: "Get up! Chase after the men and be
certain to overtake them and to say to them,
ZlSa %:IT
'Why have YOU repaid bad for good?" Is not
Pr 17:13
this t h e thing that my master" drinks from
cm 21:4
and by means of which he expertly reads
''Q 3027 omens?' It is a bad deed YOU have committed.' "
6 Eventually he overtook them and spoke
these words to them But they said to him:
"Why does my lord speak with such words as
these? It is unthinkable t h a t your servants
should do anything like this, ' Why, the money
that we found in the mouth of our bags we
brought back t o you from the Iand of Ca'naan.
FEx 3:n How, then, could we steal silver" or golda from
"Ti6:10
the house of your master?" Let the one of your
cGe 47 19 slavesa%ith whom it may be found die and l e t

4+4

Or, "servants."

GENESIS 44:1 0 1 8

177

176

us ourselves &a become slavesa to my master."

'90
he said: "Let it be now exactly according
to YOUR wor&. Thus the one with whom it may
be found will become a slave to me, but you
yourselves will be proved innocent.'' l1 With that
they quickly let down each one his bag t o the
earth and they opened each one his own bag.
lP And he went searching carefully. He started
with the oldest and h i s h e d with the youngest.
#:I4
At East the cup firas found in Benjamin'sD bag." @Ge
*Ge 42%
13 Then they ripped their clothes apart' and *Nu14:6
lifted each one his load back onto his ass and
returned to the city. 14And JudahO and his W e 49:8
brothers went on into Joseph's house and he
was still there," and they proceeded to fall upon aGe 4 3 : s
their faces t o the earthqt'Vooseph now said t o PGe 37:7
them: "What sort of deed is this that YOU
have done? Did YOU not h o w that such a man
44:5
as I am can expertly read ~rnens?"~ At this
Judah exclaimed: "What can we say t o my
master? What can we speak? And how can we
pmve ourselves righteous?" Godh has found out @EX9:27
225
the iniquitp of your slaves." H e r e rve are slaves 3Ex
"Ge 37 :26
s a 24:s
to my master, both we and the one in whose IAc
2:37
hand the cup was found!" l%~eivever, he said:
"It is unthinkable for me t o do this?"The man *Ge &:I8
in whose hand the cup was found is the one who
will become a slave to me. As for the rest of
EX 18:U
row, go up ire peacevo YOUR father."
18 Judah now came near to him and said:
"I pray you, my master, please let your slave
speak a word in the hearing of my master, and
do not let your anger grow hot against your
slave,+ because it is the same with you as with 4Ge 18:W
a Or, "nem~nts."'
b "God.)' E e b r e ~ ,ha-El.o.hm~', with the d&ih
article ha ~eparatingEE.o.hkmt from the preceding resb.

CGt

47:1

*Ge 41~44

GENESIS 44 :19--30

Phar'aoh,&3'

saying, 'Do
eg:2;;3

O:&G

;g;;y;;;
2:s
C E 21.5
~
4215

Ge G:29

aQ So

1s

My masterb asked his slaves,

ueu have a father or a brother?'*

we said to my master,b 'We do have an

aged father and a child" of his old age, the

y o u n g e s t . 9 u t his brother is deado* so that he
alone is left of his mother,' and his father does
love3 him.' 2i After that you said to your slaves,
'Bring him down to me that I may set my eye
upon hirn.'O 22 But we said t o my rnaster,b 'The

boy is not able t o leave his father. Lf he did

leave his father, he would certainly die.'* 23 Then
you said t o your slaves, 'Unless YOUR y0WIgest
brother comes down with YOU,YOU may not see
4 2 : ~ my
~
face any
Ge 43:3
24 "And it came about that we went up to
your slave my father and then told him the
' G e m 2 9 words of my master.bt 2o Later our father said,
we 43:a
'Return, buy a little food for us.'@ eG But we said,
W e are not able to go down, If our youngest
brother is with us we will go datvn, because we
are not able t o see the man's face in case our
"Ge 43:s
youngest brother is not with us.'" " Then your
slave my father said to us, 'You yourselves well
=Ge 29:18
cczs:as know that my wife bore but two sons to me.*
E: g::i Later the one went out from my company*
and I exclaimed, "Ah, he must surely be torn
@4,
$;::
-Gc37:33 to pieces!"=and I have not seen him till now."
AGe 4 2 : B
If YOU were to take this one also out of my
sight
and a fatal accident were to befall him,"
:pug%
+Ge 3135 you would certainly bring dotvn my gray hairs
C e 4236
calamity to She'ol.*cG'
pP Sk49:14
; with
30 "And now, as soon as I should come t o
gFj3 your slave my father without the boy dong
Ec,9,3'z4with US, when that one's soul is b m d up with

AGB

42:38

Orl Van are like Phar'aoh:'

Sy ; Ha'des, L X X ; in'f e.r( vg.

0-1;
"lord?'

BAeok: M ; Shi-ul',

GENESIS 44; 31-45

;5

178

179

this one's soul,* " then it is certain to occur that

as soon as he sees t h a t the boy is not there he
will simply die and your slaves will indeed bring
down t h e gray hairs of your slave our father
with grief t o She'olma*" For your slave became
suretp for the boy when away from his father,
saying, 'IfI fail to bring him back to you, then
I shall have sinned3 against my father forever.'b*Sa So now, please, let your slave stay instead of the boy as a slave to my master, that
the boy may go up with his brothers," For
how can 3 go up to my father without the boy
along with me, for fear that then I may look
upon the calamity that will find out my fa8:6

Jer 52:lO

At this Jose~bwas no longer able to control himself before all those who were
G e 43:m
stationed by hirnncSo he cried out: "HAVE
every- IIsa
42:14
body go out from me!" And no one else stood
.~G4
c7:l
with him while Josephc made himself known to --.
BEY
1:6
his b r ~ t h e r s . ~ *
+ K c 10:41
2 And he began to raise his voice in weep- DNu 1 4 2
1:9
ing,@so that the Egyptians got t o hear it and Ru
AC 20:Si
O
&
47:12
Phar'aoh's house0 got to hear it. "Finally
Joseph said to his brothers: ''I am Joseph," Is *Ac7:13
my father still alive?'' But his brothers were
unable to answer him a t alI, because they were
disturbed by reason of him.* So Joseph said UMr 6:W
to his brothers: "Come close t o me, please."
With that they came close to him.
Then he said: "1 am Joseph uom brother,
whom YOU sold into Egypt." Eut now do not nGe 37%
feel hurt and do not be a n g r p with yourselves 3Ex 4:14
because YOU sold me here, became for the presa ,?koo7', If;Shi.adr, Sy; Ha'dea, J X X ; hrfe.ri, Yg. See Appendix,

page 821, under Genesis 37 : 35.

ervation of Iife God has sent me ahead of YOU."

For this is the second year of the famine0 in
L.Ge 47:26
t
h
e midst of the e a r t h k d there are yet five
$;?;%
ac7:13
years in which tl~erewill be no plowing-time
::;3,2,;:?Ge 31:54 or harvest,"' ' Consequently God sent me ahead
of YOU in order t o place survivorsa of yourselves
Go 47:18
- E X ~ A : ~ Iin the earth3 and to keep alive for YOU a large
CIS;$ 24:6
1Pe 3:20 escaped remnant," So now it was not YOU who
sent~
me here,*
but ~
it was
God,b that he might
i~$
~$
6
appoint me a fatheru t o Phar'aoh and a lord
rne1s:s for all his house and as one dominating3 over
=Yg 1f:10
:ob 2916 all the land of Egypt.
PS 10221
9 "Go up quickly t o my father, and YOU must
say t o him: 'This is what your son Joseph has
4x6 said: "God has appointed me lord for all Egypt)
Come down to me. Do not delay. InAnd you
;!:. i$j:s must dwell in the land of Go'shenc and you must
E K S ~ continue near me, you and your sons and the
I7.u 9 , 2 5
sons of your sons and your flocks and your
herds and everything you h ~ v e .l1 And I will
wGe47:12
supply yon with food there," for there are yet
five years of famine, for fear you and your
I house and everything you have may come to
I poverty." ' l2 And here YOUR eyes and the eyes
of my brother Benjamin are seeing that it is
ax4:11
m y moutha t h a t is speaking to You. '50
YOU
-Ge 19:6
must tell my father about afl my glorp in
Egypt and everything YOU have seen, and YOV
must hurry and bring my father down here."
14 Then he fell upon the neck of Benjamin
:Le10:6 his brother and gave way to ~ v e e p i n g ,and
~
BenjaminC
wept
upon
his
neck.+
And
he
psa:g~g:,G:,21
Ge 4G:ZD
ceded to kiss alI his brothers and to weep over
-Ge 4 7 1 3

AEs

r5jA

GENESIS 45 :6 1 5

literally, "rtll the d~y3.''

Or, " a remnnnt; Q rernn.inder,Ju b"God." Hebrew, Am-El.o.hk$',

thc definite article ha separating El.o.him' from the conjnnction
" l l ~ t "(kt:).

181

obG their father. p6 Then they reported to

saying: "Joseph is still alive- and he is the
dominating over all the land of Egypt!"'
hjs hr!artUprbvcd to be cold, because hc did
believe: them.* =: \Then they went on speakto Ilim all of Joseph's wordsl: that hc had
cn to them and he got t o see the wagons
seph had sent to carry him, the spiritg
b their fatlrcr began t o revive."j" Then
exclaimed: "It is enough! Joseph my son

them, and after that his brothers spoke with

him.

16 And the news was heard at the house of

Phar'aoh, saying: "'Joseph's bruthers have
come!" h n d it proved to be good In t h e eyes of
Phar'aoh" and of his servants.' " Accordingly 22;:;
Phar'aoh said to Joseph: "Say to your brothers,
'Do this: Load Your beasts of burclen and go
enter the Iand of Ca'naan,* '"rid take YOUR na@fl:E
father and YOUR households and come here t o
me, that I may give YOU the good of the Iand
m8
af Egypt;' and eat the best partn of the land.
I%Anrl
you yourself are commanded: "Do this:
TAKE for yourselves wagons" from the Iand of "e 40:B
Egypt Por YOUR little ones and YOUR wjves, and
you must lift YOUR father on one and come
here,' :"And do not Iet YOUR eye feel sorry over 'b4 9 2 3
roun equipment, because the good* of dl the n= 1 : ~
land of Egypt is I-OURS." "'
21 Following t h a t the eons of Israel did sa
and Joseph gave them wagons' according to
Phasraoh's orders and gave them provisions
for the trip, p a To each of them he gave individual outfitsc of clothing," but to Benjamin' he n$iG3z
gave three hundred silver pieces and five out- *Ce"":{l
fitsa of clothing. And t o his Father he sent as
follows: ten asses carrying good things of Egypt
and ten she-ass= carrying grain and bread and
sustenance for his father for the trip. '+Thus he
sent his brothers ORand they got on their wayan'Ge 4 9 ~ 7
However, he said to them ; "Donot get exasperatccl ~t one another during the trip."&
at
Pa 13s:i
4a:al
25 And they began going up out of Egypt Jbhn::Ea
and at length came into the land of Ca'naan to
aLiternlly, "the fat." bd~Commnnded,'~thnt
is, to sag to
ILLY rends: "Brtt IOU give theso otdem," Orl "changes.'!

thclli.

GENESIS 45 :2 6 4 6 :7

1 alive! Ah, let me go and scc him before

Accordingly Israel and all who were his

pulled out and came to Be'e*shetbas"
mx3:18
and he proceeded to sacrifice" sacrifices to the
God of his father Isaac.= Then God talked to
':r,e 44'76 Israelqn visionsP of t h e night and said : " J a c ~ b , ~
:Ge 32-12 Jacob!" t o which he said: "Here I am!"'
And
I.u 2rl:JT
*1:~6:3
he !vent on t o say: "I am the GodlAothe God
;e 19:2
of your fathermW$
Do not be ahaid t o go dolrrn
-Ge 223
QhIt2232
to Egypt, for I shall constitute you there into
zz1"2"::i9
a great nation.- I myself shall go down with
"'7 ' 1
you to EgyptP'and I myself shall surely bring
GGe =:I5
3
YOU up also; and Joseph will lay his hand upon
Es 18:4

:zz $::

your eyes."cdn
5 After that Jacob got up out of Be'er-she'ba
and t h e sons of Israel continued tr~nsporting
Jacob their father and their little ones and their
Wut3
Fvive~in the wagonsDthat Phar'aoh had sent to
*Ce31:17 transport him.' "Rtrther, they took along their
herds and their property, which they had accumulated in the land of Ca'naan, Eventually they
ENu m.15
ps 105:23 came h t o Egypt, Jacob and all his offspring"
Isa 52:a with h i r n . O
He brought his sons and his sons'
%,
7.15
a "The God," Heblbew,Iln-El. Or, "I God am the Rot1 o f your father." "That is, t a close tlicrn nt Jacob's death. nor, " ~ e c d . ' "
cl<e ds.10
W e 90 1

r;, 80:13

GENESIS 46 :%I7

182

183

GENESIS 46 :1&2X

nGe29:24
18 These are t h e sons of Zil"ah,n whom
sons with him,his daughters and his sons' daugh'Ge 24:m La'bans gave to his daughter Lc'a h. Ia time she
ters, even ail his offspring,"with him into Egypt.
8 Now these a r e the names of Israel's sons
bore these to Jacob: sjxteen souls,
19 The sons of ~ c l ~ e Jacob's
l , " ~ wife, were
who came into Egypt:= Jacob and his sons: .Eyj2'
:a
.13:7
3C;C 2C:IR
Jacob's fi rst-born upasReu'b~n.~+
sGe P0.M Joseph4 and l3enjmmin.t
r (:D 2 1 1 : ~ ~
t G c A?-13
9 And the sons of Reu'ben w r e Ha'nceh'
20 And lherc came t o be born to Joseph
{ I C ; ~ 4: 51
!;:, .1
.
(
i
l
-Ge4s:1
i
n
the lend of Egypt Ma.na~'se11"~
and E'phraand Pal'lu' and Hez'ron' and Car'mi."
P xu 2li:ll
41:52
10 And the sons of Sirn'e.c3nm"were Jem.ur- r ,a v , n
im,acv whom As'e.nathw t h e daughter of Pot41:50
elwand Jarrnin* and O'had# and Ja'chln" and it,?;?$?
ifphe.ra the priest of On bow to him.
eGe 49:n
Zo'hnrl%and Sha'ul* the son of a Ca'nam.ite :;.,
21 Ancl the 6ons of Benjaminn were Ee'Eay
YNU 26%
?IL l :i; 13
and
B e ' c h e r ~ a c lAsh'l-~cl,~
Gc'rao and Na'awoman.
C I ;o ZL4:31
zlCh
:?ch 5:3
-su 2+-10
11 And the sons of Le'vic' were Ger"shonVk,;,;,
man;
E'hlm
and
Rosh,
Mup'pim'
and Hup'pirnu
PYu 2 5 : 3
%;kt :I'II
lCoJhathland Me.rar"iSm
p~~2d:;9
and
Ard.'
1Ch c i La
PlCh ;:12
12 And the sons of Judah" were Err and II.:~,
22 These are the sons of Rachel who were
A:IH
S
O
O'nann and She'lah-d
Fe'e'rezu and Ze'~aah.~
born to Jamb. All the souls were fourteen.
B:'r:!>;
,:,,c
5
% 4936
However, Er and Unan d i d in the land of ~,l;;:;l',:;'~
23 And the sons of Dmc7 were Hu'shim.*
LSn ?6:42 ,
:Ge 49:21
Ca'naan.
24 And the sons of K~ph'ta.Ii'~upereJaht4Ge 30:s
I..:CU :G 48
And the sms of Pe'rez came to be He&ze.elk
arsd Gu'nik and Je'zerl and Shil'1em.l
1Zu 26:49
,~
LR'ranw and Ha'mul.~
Ge 2 9 : ~ ~ 25 These are the eons of B i l ' h ~ h w7horn
13 And the sons of Is'sancharp*weye To'laA
ban gave to his dnu~htcrRnchcl, In time she
and Pu'vah4 and Iob' and Shirn'ron,'
bore these t o Jacob; nll the souls were seven.
14 And the sons of Zebtu.lunM were Se'redn
26 All the souls who came t o Jacob into
and E'lonx and Jah'le.el."
Egypt were those who Issued out of his upper
+EGx e1.5
a:u
15 These are the sons af Wah," whom she
rcs2z:B thigh,' aside from the wivcs; of Jacob's sons.
h o ~ eto Jacob in Pad'dan-a'ram, together with
AU the souls were sixty-six. ?%And
Joseph's
his daughter Di'nah.* All the souls of his sons
sons who tvere born t o him in Egypt were hvo
and of his daughters were thirty-three.
e b M:M SOUIS. All the souls of the house of Jamb who
16 And the sons of Gads' were Ziph'i.onc
.$g :if:I came into Egypt n.me seventy.
and Hag'gi," S I l u k F and Ez'bon," E'ri" and
* advance of him to
~
:
~28 And
~ hei sent
~ J u d ~ h in
Ar.a'diPand A.r~'li.~
After E'phra.irn tho L X S ndrls flvc abor@nnnclM, nitd rcade: T3ut
17 And the sons of Ash'ePk were Imynahl
t l ~ ~ were
r e E O ~ I S born t o 3ln.narl'wrlli, rrliniu Itis Pytlnn concubine
~ n d'IsKvah and Ish%i' and Be.ritahIj and
hora to him, namply, hfn'phit~, And 3Tn%d1iib 11orn1171~Pntlicr to C+nlrthere WEIS Se'rah their sister.
n.sd. But thc sons of E'phrn,itli. Rfn4na.c'rrzb*~Iil-other, were SutnAnd the sons of Be.ri'ah were He'berm
Inn111a11d Tnam. And thp sonu of Sul,a I r ~ ti1
l w r w lpl'dn~u," T h i ~
doul)tI s s aemnnts for it thnl Atcphen, rlt Art* 7:14, 81nd the LJIS,at
and Mal'chi.el.m
.$;I?
2;$!5

\\-&

Or, "seed."

!jg

Genesis 48 : 27 md Kxodns 1: 5, count 75 wula, inatend of 70.

b "Seventy," I\ISyI'gT ; "~rrentpllvq" IJJLY.

GENESIS 46 :29-47 :2

184

Joseph to impart information ahead of himLto $:" O;;!:

Go'shen." After that they came into the land nP E; ;3
Go'shen." Then Joseph had his Er~veEing
coach" made ready' and \vent up to meet Israel *Gn41:43
his father at Gdshen. \%Thenhe appeard to him
he at once fell upon his neck and gave r a y to
tears upon his neck again and again," 3 T F i n ~ l l y, .t5:t4
I s r ~ e lsaid to Joseph: "This time I am ivilling j;;1$:9;$
t o die," now that I have seen your face, since
Fgfl
you are still alive."
31 Then Joseph said to his brothers and to
hb father's household: "Let me go up ~ n red
port t o PharEaohand say to him, 'My brothers
and my father's household who were in the
land of Ca'naan have come here to
GE 'z.ir:l
"'
the men w e shepherds,'+ because they have act- ::i;;$!,:/:
ed as stock raisers, and their flocks and their
hercls and a11 they have they have brought ;;q:170
here.'
And what must occur is that when
Phar'aoh will call YOU and does say, ' W h ~ tis
YOUR occupation?'* 3 4 ~ 0 u
must say, "OUR QGP47:3
servants have acted as stoclr raisers from our
youth until nowj both we and our foref~thers,".%;;4
in order t h a t YOU may dwell in t h e land of Go'- C ; r z ~ : l ~
shen, because every shepherd is a detestable 'Ex8:2&
=GC~3:n
thing t o Egypt.'m
Accordingly Josephg came and reported 'IC"'":"
to P h a r ' a o h a ' ~ 3 ? i d : "My father and :Gc80:4
my brothers and their flocks and their herds and
all they have have come from the land o f Ca'45:go
naan and here they are in the lmd of Go'shen."" g'
3 n d from the whole number of his brothers he jl: :.$;

z;:?;

47

~~~~~

Trg rends: "ta Joseplr. that he might innkt nnslounc~riientto Ilitn."

''to Joseph t o nieet lliru nt JTero.a'polin i n the ln~arl
of Itatn'~.ws!' Or, .,his cl~a~iot.''
b JadYX r e d s :

185

GENESIS 47: 3-11

five men, that he might present1 them to

Phar'aoh.
3 Then Phar'nah sald to his brothers: "What
is YOUR occ~tpafion?''SO they said to Phar'aoh:
CGe
LGe 3 1 : ~ "Your servantsR' Rre sheph~rds,"both lve m d
Isa 61:s
our forefathers,'" After that they said to Phar'@ ~ 3 3 : 2 2 aoh: "We have come to reside'3temporarily in
cGe 1.5113
D8 26:s
the land,Qecause there 1s no pasturage for the
PS 105:Z3
Isa 5z:4
flock that your s e r v ~ n t have,
s ~ for the famine*
.&c 7:6
is severe in the lsnd of C ~ ' n a ~ nAnd
. now let
I P ~ 11
?
+A
Gm
e 47.1
your servantsmdwell, please, jn the land of 13'&,",7,jl::, shen."" ' A t that Pharkoh said to Joseph:
"Your father and your brothers have come here
'Ge45:18 to YOU. " The Iand of Egypt is at your disposal.'
Have your father and your brothers d~velEi
n the
'Ge34:W
very best of the land.' Let them dive11 in the
Iand of Go'shen, and If you know that there are
among them courageous men,'' you must ap*E"3"i:T
l 1
point them cattle chiefscQover what is mine."'
'Ge 49:y
7 Then Josepl~brought in JacolF his father
and int~oduced Ilim lo Phar'aoh, and Jacob
proceeded to bless Phar'sloh,' Phar'aoh now
Cg:$:jl
rEx3:1s
said to Jacob: "How many are the dayso of the
;1ch29:15 years of your life?" " S o Jacob sajd to Phar'~~b3 ll:g
PS
3 ~ 2 aoh: "The days af the years of my temporary
E e b 1314 residences4 are a hundred and thirty years. Few
1 : ~ and distressing the dnys of the years of my life'
have proved and they have not reached the days
of the years of the lives of my fathers in t h e
g?jz8days of their temporary residences."' T o After
J ~ c o bblessed' Phar'aoh and \vent out from
- Heb 7.7 that
before Phar'aoh.
11 Thus Joseph had his father and his brothers dwell and he gave them landed property in
tAc7:iVtoak

, ,:,,

b 'Fg rend9 : "irrdastrious men." oT.hiefe." Hehbre~v,

Or, "sh~es.'?

sa.fim'.

GENESIS 47: 12-18

the latld of Egypt, in the very best of the land,

in the Iand of Ram'e.ses," just as Phar'aoh had

g ~ 49!10
s

3 :;:;,

And Joseph kept supplying bis x;p"l:'

father and his brothers and t h e entire ]lousehold3 of his father with breade according t o the g$&m
:
.IIU 4:15
number of the little ones.""
13 NOIVthere was no bread in all the land,
because the Parnine was very severe, and the
land of Egypt and the land of Ca'naan hecame
exhatlsted as a result of the famineqcgIdAnd ll~;f+~p
Joseph went on collecting all the rnoneyB that s ~ : xl i : . ~
was to be found in the land of Egypt and in the
tmd of Ca'nam for the cereals which people
were buying, and Joseph kept bringing t h e
money into Phdaoh's house.' I q ~ ntime the *Ge41:5fl
I C o 4:2
money from the land of Egypt and the land
of Ca'naan3 was spent and all the Egyptians began coming to Joseph, saying: "Give us bread!0 ',E,Y::Ii
And why should sve die in front of you because
money has run out?" IB
Then Joscph said:
'Wand over YOUR livestuck and I shall give you
bread in exchange f o r YOUR livestock, if money
has run out." "And they began bringing their
livestock to Joseph and Joseph began giving
them bread in exchange for their horsesh"and "Ge -1Q:17
the livestock of t h e flock and the livestock of
the herd and the asses, and he proceeded t o
provide them with bread in exchange f o ~
all
their livestock during that year.
18 Gradually that year c m e t o its dose, and
they began corning to him in the next@year and
saying to him : '?Ye shall not conceal i t from rny
mlf
lordz but the money and the stock of domestic
animals have been spent to my lord.+
I*

,.

her el'"^^:^

This la the h t W d a notice find mention

of horws, for which E ~ p became
t
fmnous. Lit~mdty,"aecend."

mar, '%he hmilp."

GENESIS 47 :19-27

187

186

~*emains
nothing before my lord but our bodies
and our lnnd. Is' Why should we die before your
eyes, both w e and ow land? Buy us and our
land for brend m d we together with our land
rhm:la will bccorne s3avcsn0 te Phar'aoh, and give us
seed7 thnl \IT may live' and not die and our land
7:
9:i!$
">:PN:XJ
not be Paid desolate."* So Joseph bought all
the lnnd of the Egyptians for Phar'aoh, because
the Egyptians sold each one his field, for the
Zaminc hnd got a strong grip on them, and the
land came to be Ph~r'aoh's.
21 As for the people, he removed them into
'Ex 1 : i t dties" from one end of the territoryp of Egypt
PEUR:2
F:n 2 1 6 to its other end,' " Only the land of the priests9
' f i e 41 )8
r~l:c<:la he clid not buy,n because the rations for the
Do 1!113
~ C U . I I IS priest8 were from Phar'aoh and they ate their
"brt lo:lo rations which Phar'ash gave them." That is
why they did not sell their land. 2 9 Then Joseph
said t o the people: "'See, E have today h u g h t
YOU and YOUR land for Phar'aoh. I-Iere is seed
for
YOU, RIIA YOU must s o f l the land with it.+
:X,":Ip;,O
'
w " \ h ~ n 9t ~ R resulted
S
in produce, then YOU
m41:,7Q
must give a Afth" to Phar'aoh, but four parts
will become YOURS as seed for the Aeld and as
"r 1G:lB foodq for 1-611and for those who a r e in YOUR
houses and for Yarn little ones t o eat." P 5 Coase"""1:17
quently they said; "You h w e presemed3 om
wx 3.21 1i~~s.I'
Let us find favor0 in the eyes of my lord
n q c 11:rl5
r ?15:s
~
and we will become slaves to Phar'aoh." And
nc
Joseph proccedcd t o make it a decree down to
this day over the landd estate of Egypt for
P l ~ a f ~ otohhave to the amount of a fifth. Onty
the land of Ihe priests as a distinct group did
-4TT:n
not become Phnr'aoh's!
CGe 49:2
27 And Israel2 continued to dwell in the land
'O

'

" or1 h'~~t?.~nts,''

GENESIS 47 :2 8 - 4 8 :4

188

189

of Egypt, in the land of Go'shen, and they became settled in it and were fruitfule and grew "Ex 2 3 : ~ ~
to be very many.* And Jacob lived on in the Ag;$
,'
land of Egypt for seventeen years, so that g;Tg2a
Jacob's days, the years of his life, came to be a AC7:17
hundred and forty-seven years.
29 Gradually the days approached for Israel
to die." So he called his son Joseph and said to
him: "If, now, I have found favor in y o ~ weyes,
place your hand, please, under my hip,O and
you must exercise loving-kindnesso and trustwarthinessap toward me.+ (Please, do not b u r p rg:j$il
me in Egypt.)@ao And I must lie with my fa- ,g$;!!
thers and you must carry me out of Egypt and p ; ~ j ; 4
bury me in their tomb."o" Accordingly he said: 3nc 31s
" I myself shall do in keeping with your word." '?%"2"3::ig
31 Then he said: "Swear to me." So he swore gEg$:!
t o him.* At that Tsrael prostrated himself over ,
:
;~e 50:5
the head of the couch.h*
*1K1 1.47
11:2L
And it came about after these things that
it was said t o Joseph: "Look, your father is becoming weak." At that he took with
him his two sons Ma.nas'sehg and E'phra.imnon 2;
Then it was reported to Jacob and said: "Here
your son Joseph has come to you." So Israel
41:3
exerted his strength and sat up on his couch.*
a And Jacob proceeded to say to Joseph:
"GodC Almighty0 appeared t o me at LuzP in
the land of Ca'naan that he might bless me.+ -gg:iz
And he went on to say to me:'Here I am mak- HO 12:4
ing you fruitful, and I will make you m a n y
zi:i

%e$8,:z,

FXz:';"l

:z3

48

zg

Or, ''truth; faithfulness." 6LXX reads: "And Israel ~ ~ o r s h i p e d

over (leaning upon) the top of his staff." ''Staff'' and '"ned"
("couch") have sim~larconsonants in Hel~rew, and without the
vowel points they can easily be read the one for the other. * "God?'
Hebrew, El,
a

GENESIS 48 :5--14

and I will transform you into a congregationa

of people@*a n d I will give this land to your
Ge 35:11
C E 16:31
~
seeda after you for a p o s s e s s i ~ nto~ tirnep indefCGe 49 30
d
now your two sons who were
pFxf2:14 inite.'" "
* G e 46 3
born to you in the land of Egypt before I came
D, 32 8
here to you into Egypt, they are mine. E'phraxu 13:11 im and Ma.nasJseh will become mine like Reutxf~13:8
"Gc40:3 benm and Sim'e-on.O* But your progeny to
CGe 4 9 . i
ED@ 3ils which you shalla become fathero after them
will become yours. Together with the name of
their brothers they will be called in their inh e ~ i t a n c e . ~And I, when I was coming from
Eg;
:;;
CRu4:11 Pad'dan,n Rachel" died" by me in the land of
CEx 7:21
Ca'naan on the way while there was yet a good
stretch
of land before corning t o Eph'ratk,* so
*ky;%
art z:18 that I buried her there on the way to Eph'rath,
OJg I 7 m 7
that is to say, Beth'le.hern,"OG
0F.u 1:2
3:ic5:2
8 Then Israel saw Joseph" sons and said:
"Who are these?" So Joseph said to his father:
"They are my sons whom God has given me in
+Ge 3 3 5
Ra 4:11
this place."+ At this he said: "Bring them.
eGe 2E:3
to me that I may bless them."" loNow
$ ~ ~ ~ : please,
: a l
Cced9:la the eyes3 of Israel were dull from old age. He
was unable to see." Accordingly he brought
'
them close to him, and he then kissed them and
embraced them. l1 And Israel went on t o say to
Joseph: "'I had not expected to see your face,
but here God has let me see also your off*Ge 37~3.3
Ge a7:35 spring,''*l a After that Joseph brought them out
away from his knees and he bowed down with
g;
@Ge18:2 his face to the earth.=
G e 53:3
ce
13 Joseph now took the two of them, E'phrairn by his right hand to Israel's left, and Manas'seh by his left hand t o Israel's right, and
bro~rghtthem close to him. 14However, Israel

g
:$yo
"Ge25:s

Or, "have.')

GENESIS 48 : 2 1 4 9:6

191

put out hJs: right handAand placed it on E'phra- ''E?;;

im's head," altbo~rghhe was the smaller, and =Ge49:26
his left hand upon Ma-nas'seh's I1ead.O He pur- 'gEf,$z
posely laid his hands so," since Ma.nasfseh rvas ;;; ;;
the first-born.'
And he p~oceededt o bless -pcj;m;
Joseph and to say:
"The Godh3 before whom my fathers 'Ex Z:23
rJGe17:l
Abraham and Isaac walked,"
Gc 26:Z
"The Godb who has been shepherdingo ' G e 49:24
me during all my existence until this
*Ge 29:20
day,"
P s a:1
l w T h e angel rvhe has been recovering0 1Pe 2 5 5
*Ge
31:11
me from all calamity, bless the boys.#
"And let my name be called upon them
and the name of my fathers, Abra*Ge 32:28
ham and Isaac,*
"And Iet them increase t o a multituden in 3De 1:10
CEx l:7
t h e midst of the earth.'ln
Xu 26:34
2637
17 When Joseph saw that liis father kept his NU
De a 1 7
right hand placed on Etphra.im's head, it was Jos 17:14
displeasing to him and he tried t o take hold of
his father's hand to remove it from E7phra.im's
head to Ma.nastseh's headPAl8 Hence Joseph LRDs:l6
said to his father: "Nat SO,^ my father, because OAc 10:14
this is the first-born. Put your right3 hand on ?Ex 14:22
his head." '"ut
his father kept refusing and
said: "I know it, m y son, I know it. He, too,
wilI become a people and he, too, will become
17:20
great.@But, just the same, his younger brother SGc
E e 25:23
will become greater than he will and his offspring will become t h e full equivalentd of na9 : ~
t i o n ~ . " ~20" And he continued to bless them on rEx
" N U 1:m
Xu
1.35
that day, saying;
Or,"He laid his hnncls crosswise." This agrees with L X X and ITg.
5"The God." Hebrew, la-Fl.o.him', a Or, "redeeming; reclaiming.''
d OF, '(becolne n full numl)erF or, "a f~dlnesa?'
a

"By means of youa let Israel repeatedly

ern 831

pronounce blessing,=saying,
like E'phraim
a d like Ma.nas'seh.' "
Thus he kept putting E'phraim before MaX u 2.m
nas'Seh.*
Nu 7:48
21 After that Israel said to Jmepk: "Look, I
N~msu
NuT:M
N u p 2 . 3 am dyingo Fmt God will certainly continue with
EGe 30.21
IKI 2.2
PQU people: and return YOU to t h e land of YOWR
LGe 15:14
forefathers.* ? ? As for me, I do give you one
Ge33.3
tract of land together with your brothers,
which I tmk from the hand of t h e Am'or-iteso
:E;:g by my swurd~and by my bow."Dd
Later on Jacob called his son$ and said:
"Gather you~selvestogether that X may
tell YE what will happen t o Y Y i~n the latter
+m>l- part of the days.' Assemble y o m ~ l v e sand IkoGe5cm
ten, Y o u sons of Jacob, yes, listen to Israel'

" 'May God constitute you

,.

49

' G e 502

YOUR fEtl%er."

mx 1!2

3 '%eu'ben,@ you are my first-born,- my

vigor and the beginning of my generative pow.oeu:1.1 er, the excellence" of dignity and the excellenceb

c ~ 4:za
k

g::$d$of

strength." With reckless license like waEers,FWda not you excel, because you have gone
up to your father's bed." At that time you &filed
'G
De
e 35
27
:22: ~ ~
aim a:1
my lounge. He went up to it!'
1Co 5:T
CEx 1:2
5 "Sirn'e.ma and L$dG are b r ~ t h w s . ~h"
mErc 1 2
ar,czs-as stnmrents of vfolerrce are their slarrghter weapG e 2%:31_
sm =:a ons.4 Ent~their intimate group do not come,
"" *." O my soul. With their congregationa do not Ise-

a"Pon" (shgdar), NfjmmByYg; '%ov'' (plurql}, ,KYXlrP. b Or,

'rsmnindm." c Or, ' * T hr a s reckless l i m s e like rmpetwns ~ m ters." dQr, n r c o r h g to mother vmel-pointtug, L L ~ l ~ - o w I s
hwnas." "glnughter ~ m p u u ~Sme
' ' view the XIebmv word here
ns get unexptninsble; T m e 5 in L E Y reads: '.GirnEean and Le'vi,
brothers, aectompliaHd the injudice of their atking off!'
@

193
come united, 0 my dispositionjaobecause in their
anger they killedS rneqb' and in their delight
they hamstrung oxenP Cursed" be their anger,
because it is cruel, and their fury, because it
acts harshly. Let me givec them a portion in
Jacob,: but let me scatterd them in Israel."
S "As for you, Judah,"our
brothers will
praise you.*Your handz will be on the back of the
neck of your enemies.o* The sons of your father
will bow down t o you.' OA lion0 cub Judah is."
From the prey, my son, you will certainly go up.
We bowed doum, he lay down like a lione and, Iike
a lion,f who dares rouse him?' lo The scepter mill
not turn aside from Judah,' neither the commander's staffg from between his feetjh until
Shi'lohio comes,@
and to him the obedience of the
peoples will belong." llTying his full-grown ass
to a vineCand the descendant of his own she-ass
to a clloice vine,j he will certainly cleanse his
clothing in winea and his garment in the blood"
of grapes." "Dark red are his eyeso from wine,
and t h e whiteness of his teeth is from mi1k.O
13 "Zeb'u.luno will tent by t h e s e a ~ h o r eand
,~
he will be by the shore where the ships" lie
anchored,k and his remote side will be toward

will see that the resting place is good and that

the land is pleasant, and he will bend down his
@>It23 4
+De33:22 shoulder to bear burdens and he will bemrne
J E 13:2
J15.20 subject to slavish forced labornab
c r x 1:1
16 "Dan%iIl judgeo his people as one of the
"EX 2:14
tribes
"
~
~
~of Israd.'
j
~ l 7 Let
~ Dan prove to be a serpent3 by t h e roadside, a horned snake at the
CEY 4 3
<Job 18:9 wayside? that bites the heels" of the horse" so
CELT 9:3
that its rider falls backwardqBIs I s h a l indeed
.p,
EE: :;1,;1,3, ~vaitbf o r salvationc3 from you, 0 Jehoval~.~"
2JOS; il x 84 I 9 "As for Gad,c a marauder band will raid
him, but he will raid the extreme rear.*
%Eu1:4
20 "Out of Ash'er3 his bread2 wilI be fat and
","9y&\ he will give the dainties of a king.""
21 "Naph'ta.lio is a slenderd hind. He is giv2
3
ing words of elegan~e.~"
%,0,siy22
GGe
22 "Offshoot of a fruit-bearing tree, Jose ha
.\ne33:17 is the offshootf of a fruit-bearing t r e e by t e
J o s 16:l
4 ~ ~ u :fountain,
s
that propels its branchesk* up over a
30s 1:6
c.p, xo 1 walLA2 3 But the archers kept harassing him and
shot at him and kep.t following him hostilely.
:",*h";'(jT4
CJds 24:12
? ' And yet his bov? was dwelling in a permanent
XIsa 28:16
place and the strength1>of his hands was supple.'
zec 3:9
$,"$ja From the hands of -thestrong one of Jacob,' from
there is the shepherd,5* the stoneo of Israel."
2%
=Job 17:3 2s He is from t h e Godj of your Eather,* and he will
'Vhp 4:18
*EX 6:3
help you;* and he is with the A l r n i g h t ~ , and
~ l he
C E s 1232
G L~ 9:s
will blesso you with the blessings of the heavenso
1Heb 1:3
m>Ial 3:10 abovelmwith the blessings of the watery deepk
nIsn
Hob11:9
3:10 lying down below," with the blessings of the
a Or, "become a slave under forced labor.:'
Or, "I h ~ l - ewwted."
This i s the first occumeuce of this ~ o r in
d the HeBrew, yrsktt'al~'.

,,,,:,,

z6

.,

,
,
:
,

Si'don.3
JOS
19:10
M
t d.15
14 "J.s'sa.charo is a strong-boned ass, lying :Ex1:3
down between the two saddlebags." And he AJ"EB:%i:
a ">Iy gloy? 31; gIoria msa, T7g; "~ny liver,') LXX. See Vetus
Teabawe~Eu~ri,
Tol. 11, KO. 4. October 1952, pp. 35s-362. b Or, ' 4 a
-*-

-.A-

man." H e b r e ~ - ,ish, possibly in t h e coHectlre sense-. Or, "I shall

gire." d Or,"I shall scatter.'' The African lion. f Here t h e Hel~rev
gives the Asinn ~ o r d
for "lion". g Or, "neither a c o m a n d e r , " h Or,
"f~*ombefore him." The like expression occurs a t Judges 5 : 27.
I Or, "the oue ~rhoaeit is." LXX reads : "until the things stored up
for him coine." T'g reads: "until he comes who is to be sent." d Or,
"a vlne with blight-red grapes," Ir

GENESIS 49 :16-25

Or, "the skips disembark."

--R

Or, "nin~hle.'~ Or, "he is putting forth branched anClem?' Liternlly, "son." g Literally, "daucughters." h Literally? "the arms." Wr,
"ngile.'' j "God?' Hebrew, EI. "Watery deep," Vg reads "abysd',
41s at Genesis 1:2, footnetec.
f

GENESIS 49 :2 6 - 4 0 :2

195

194

breasts and womb.' ee The blessing3 of your fa:!;$'

ther will indeed be- superior to the blessings of
the eternal mountains, ta the ornament" of the
everlasting hiLls.:~ They will continue upon the rrsa 54:m
head" of Joseph, even upon the crown of the E!::':";;
head of the one singled outb from his brothers.' l;x;i::':,
27 "Benjamin= will keep on tearing Pike a 3!:k 1:J
w d f . In the mornings he .rvill eat the animal @Ex 7:15
seizedandateveningCheu?iildividcspoil."u '""12:6
lrrlr 33:12
28 AU these are the twelve tribes of Israelv $! ;i
and this is what their father s p k e t o them ik;i2;i,:a
153 14.L
h e n he ivas blessing them. He blessed t h e m 1 5 , I r:1 i
1'11 .I 5
each one according t o his o ~ v nblessing.
vt;11 0:
':"
29 After that he commanded them and said
to them: 'T am being gathered t o my people.
Bury me with my fathers in the cave that is
in the field of E'phron the Hit'tite,'v so in the wCa23:Xfl
cave that is in the field of Mach-pe'lah that is
in front of Mam're in the land of Ca'naai~,the
field that Abraham bought from E'phron the nT;t1~!17
I-IIt'tite for the possessionc of a burial place.' zk:i{jiq
31 There they buriedCAbrahamAand Saraho his ~ ~ ; : ;
wife.@There they buried Isaacc' ancl Re.beklah'; ! ; ' $!!,&
his wife, and there I buried Le'ah,Es 2 The ReId ;I;;~;:,
35:::)
purchasedc and the cave that is in it were from
B( ;C 2'3:1H
the sons of H ~ ~ J I . " ~
33 Thus Jacob finished giving commands to
his sons. Then he gathered his feet up onto the
couch and expired"" and was gathered to his ~ ~ ~ &

s e s ~ a n t s ,the
~ physicians, t o embalm his fat l ~ e rSo
. ~ the physicians embalmed Israel,: and
thcy took f~1I1yforty days for him, for this many

50

Or, "desire; abode!' b"The one s i n ~ l e dont,)' Y,nrr.:i#; t r ~ l s latcd at Numbem 6 : 2, 13, Id-20 "Ynzri.rite" (dedicnkd, acp~l'nled
one). a Literally, "The purch~seof flie fi~ld."
a

days they customarily tnke for the embalming,

and the Egyptians ~0FItin~ed
to shed tears for
'him
seventy
tiny~:~
"Eg;;M
4 Finally the days of weeping for him passed
and Joseph spoke to Pbar'aoh's" household,"
saying: *", now, I have found favor in y o n
'"C1"3
cyes,'spak, please, Inthehe~ringofPhar'aoh,
~ c 4 7 : J l snying,
'My fatl~crmade me swear," sayin,a:
"Look! I am dying. In my burial place which I
hnve excavated for myself in t h e land of Ca'nncln'
js ~ her^
;
~
n
~ YOU ~are t o bury me."" And nonT,
please, let me go up and bury my father, after
lLU II:JI) tvllich X am ~ l l l l l nt o~ return,' "" Accordingly
Phnr'aoh said: "Go up trnd bury your father
1'Tl@n7:20 just BS he made you s l ~ e a r . " ~
7 So Joseph went up to bury his father, and
thelie wcnt t ~ pwith him all of Phar'aoh's s e n Go 63:211 ants, the older men of his ho~iseholdand all the
~U ~ ,~I . ~ :~I O I ~ C C men of the land of Egypt,
and all of
.r;c d 5 10
~ his brothers' and the
n , ;o
27 Jos~ph'sh o u ~ e h o l dand
;e
5
household of his father.@Only thefr little chil.
7 8 : ~2 17
.,: , ..If1,:,24 dren' nnd their flocks- and their herds' they left
In t h e lnncl of Go%shen." There also went up
J:x l.i:'2
t . : ~I.! ,19 with hlm both charlotsk and l~vrsernen,~
and t h e
l<J;c " b .. 1:i
I,P .II, I:
camp'' came to be very numerorls,m"' Then they
' I,:\' I~Ir ' z d came to the threshing floor of A'tad,a which is
in the region of the Jordan,'" and them they
AT
h,t,R +3
IT1 ,LC 5 2
carrid on a vely great and heavy ~r,aiZingand
,,*,,
keptupthemo~~ming'rit.tesfsrhEsfatherse~~e
,
And the inhabitants of the land, the
. ; ~ ~ ; , : , ~days.r
k~
Cdnaanhites,'got to see the mourning rites in
j;$:'
j
'
i
;a
-.
13, Ircr-t~.t~rl',mrnning "The Wlarny IIU-II".
f

tc;th

people.
~t
LU 23:
n : 14
w
Then Joseph fell upon the face of his fatherc" and burst into tears over him and %
: f!64
kissed him. = After that Joseph commanded5his l.21;~

,,

,,

GENESIS 50 :3-11

GENESIS 50 :12-19

196

the threshing floor of A'tad and they exclaimed:

"This is a heavy mourning for the Egyptians!"
That is why its name was called A'bel-miz'raim,a which is in the region of the J0rdan.t tI3e 3:21
12 And his sons proceeded t o do for him ex4799
actly as he had commanded them.u
So his uGe
Ge 49:29
EX
6:4
sons carried him into the land of Ca'naano and
buried him in the cave of the field of Mach.perlah, the field that Abraham had bought for the
possession of a burial place from E'phron the
2357
Hitttite in front of Mam're." Afterward Joseph aGe
Ge 2 5 9
35:27
returned to Egypt, he and his brothers and all Ge
Ge 4 9 3 0
those who went up with him to bury his father,
NU 11:34
after he had buried0 his father.
15 When the brothers of Joseph saw that their
2?:41
father was dead,hAthey began ta say: "It may AGe
Ro 2 : E
be that Joseph is harboring animosity against tGe 42 :I7
26:36
uso and he will be sure to repay us for all the Le
Pr 23:l
evil that we! have rendered him."' l" So they *Ge 3;:B
M t 632
expressed a command t o Joseph in these words: g?+It
15:35
Lu
"Your father gave the command before his Eph17:d
4:32
death,c saying, 'This is what YOU are t o say OEx 1 3 6
to Joseph: "I beseech you, pardon,"@please, the 'Ex IO:L?
n:9
transgressionCof your brothers and their sino OEX
,?Ex927
xGe
3i:20
in that they have rendered evil to you." '" And
now pardon, please, t h e transgression of the
servants of your father's God."" And Joseph *ZCo 720
burst into tears when they spoke to him. lWollowing that his brothers also came and fell
down before him and said: "Here we are as
13:3
slavesc7to you!"" l0 Then Joseph said t o them: 3Ex
nEph G:B
OEx
1:17
'90 not be afraid,@for am I in the place of
UAIeaning "IIourning of the Emtinns". b Sg reads: "Joseph's
brothers saw that their fnther hnd died and they =ere afraid."
Vg reada : "NOW
that he rras dead, his I~rotlerswere nfraid?' Or,
"servants."

God?* z 0 As for YOU, YOU had evil in mind

against me. God had it in mind for good for the
purpose sf acting as at this day to preserve
many people0 dive,$ So now do not be afraid.
I myself shall keep sr~pplyingYou and YOUR
C R ~ 2 : 1 3 little children with food." Thus he comforteda
them and spoke reassuringIy to themma
OEn 1:1
22 And Joseph continued to dwell in Egypt,"
he and the house of his father, and Joseph
"m19:13 lived" for a hundred and ten years. a 3 And
wu1:33
Joseph got to see E'phra.im'so great-grandC ~ I ~ I : Msonslb* also t h e sons of Ma'chir,' Ma.nas'seh'so
-lCh 7 2 0
son, They were born upon Joseph's kneesno
"'JQS
1ch17.1
7:14
;Ge 3 0 : ~ ?4 At length Joseph said to his brothers: "I am
dying, but God will without fail turn his attention to youAand he will certainly bring YOU up
f
3
out of this landd to the land about which he
;
?
$
cEx13:3
sworecD
t o Abraham,Gto Isaac and ta Jacob."+
<Ex 2:24
*f;e 12:~ a5 Hence Joseph made the sohs of Israel
Ge 13.15
ce 15:7 saying: "God wilI without fail turn his attention
Ge 17%
to YOU. Accordingly YOU must take my bones up
G, 26.3
+:g::7;2g out of here."' 2%fteter that Jose h0 died a t the
they had
.Ex
JOS 1
24332
3
:
sage of a hundred-ind
Ac1:16
him embalmed and he was put h a coffin in
Heb 11:22
Eg.ypt.
*DeZ2:3s

Ro 12119
PIIP 2:8

Literally, "spoke to their heart.'' b Literally, son^ of the third

Or, "lrtnd that he prolnised on oath?'
[generaterl] ones."

199
/

EXODUS

gz

Now these a r e the namesa of Israel's0 sons

$?3
who came into EgypP with Jacob; each gg,:;
PEX1::s
man and his householdo came: * R e ~ ' b e nSirnr,~
qEu 2:1
e.on,P Le'viQ and J ~ d a h , ~ 'Is'~a.char,~l
=
Zeb'u- ~ E 31.2
Y
3530
lunom and Ber~jamin,~Dana and Naph'ta.li,pll ~IcFx
G 1:s
u
Gada and A ~ h ' e rfi. And
~ d l the soulsb who issued
:iE
out of Jacob'so upper thigh came t o be seventy 22,":;;
soul^,^^ but Josephg was already in Egypt.' ;"N",+A;~
Eventually Joseph died, and also all his brothfig
ersO and all that generation." ' And the sons of ~2;z3:46
Israel increased with offspring and began to .E, 1 ~ 4
swarm, and they kept on multiplying and grow- EEc if;:"
ing mightier a t a very extraordinary rate, so ?,"$?&
ne 10.22
that the land got ta be filled with them."
CEx 631
8 In time there arose over Egypt a new king3 0% +i:,
who did not know J0seph.O And he proceeded %; ;
to say to his people: "Look! the people" of the h c 7 : i 7
sons of Isra.el are more numerous and mightier
.i"::&
than sve are.*lo Come on! Let us deal shrewdly' +::1"&524
with thern,d for fear they may multiply, and it xTc;T;B
must *turn out that, in case warQshould befall EX 13:17
us," then they certainly will also Ise added t o
those who hate us and will fight against us and
go up out of the country."
11 So they set over themd chiefsfa of forced EX 18:21

kz

;;E;

;zc

Just as in Hebrew the preceding book (Gene~is)was nnmed with

the opening ~ ~ o r d "In
s , the beginning," so this ~econctbook of
Moses is ~inmed xrith these opening ~vords,"NOT these are the
names" (F'eE'lrA sfi'moth). But "Ex'o.dos", LA=; "Exlo.dns," ' g .
b "S~nh.~
;Iv'spb'rs7~,
'
M ; psy-chai', L,LT, C "Se~ent?souls~'MPg ;
"swenty-fire," L X X . See Ctencsis 413 : 20, footnotes, and 16 : 27,
fofootnoteb. d Literally, '.it," that iu, the Israelite people. "Us," in
agreement Tnth L I S ASam, SF and Vg. '.Chiefs.'' Hebrew, SM.Y~WL',
f

198

EXODUS 1:12-19

labor for t h e purpose of oppressing them in their

burden-bearing," and they went t o building
'Ex 9 9 9
cities0 as storage places for Phar'aoh," namely,
C E x 2:5
-Ge 15:13 Pi'thom and Ra.arn'ses.* I? But the more t h e y
Ex 3.7
would oppress them the more they would multiEx 5:4
D, 26
NU
216
1 ~ 5 ply and t h e more they kept spreading abroad,
so that they felt a sickening dread as a result
of the sons of Israel." IS Consequently the Em~ J O L ,5:2
ziy:g4 tims made the sons of Israel slave under
tyranny. '.'And they kept making their life0
;
BPS
$:tTY; 10.18 lyitteyA with hard slavery at clay mortaro and
bricksa and with every form of slavery in the
Pr 1d:3l
field, yes, every form of slavery of theirs in
Aci!l9
:Na 334
which they slaved under tyranny.'
15 Later on the king of Egypt said to the
Hebrew3 midwives, the name of one of whom
was Shiph'rah and the name of the other Pu'ah,
+,"a~;;3
Jcr c ; o : ~ " yes, he went so far as to say: "When YOU help
>TIC 3:s
t h e Hebrew women t o give birth ahd You do see
them on the stool for childbirth, if it is a son,
"EX4:24
then mu must put it t o death,@but if it is a
ca2:16
daughter: then it must live." l 7 Ko~vever,the
~ ~ ~ midwives
; f 1 fearedQ Godhe and they never did as
5 : ~ the king of Egypt had spoken t o them," but they
"
U
2233 would preserve3 t h e male childreno alive.
EX 2:3
time t h e king of E,wt called the midwives and
0k
~ r 1o:zs
t
said t o them: "Why is it you have done this
.Ic 5:29
thing, in that YOU preserved the male children
=Ecg:4
alive?"*
turn the midwives said t o Pha~'aoh: "Because the Hebrew women are not like
the Egyptian women, Because they are lively,
they have already given birth before the midwife can come in to them,"

.$;I$:,

z;;

That is, sun-dried bricks, b cY70d.'JHebrew, ha-El.a.him', the title

For "God" hn-ving the definite Hebrm article ka ("theg7).C o m p ~ r o
Genesis 5 : 22, footnotea.

201
s 41:2
20 So God dealt well* with the midwives, and 'PPr
11 :IS
Ec 3:12
the people grew more numerous and became Isa
3:lO
very mighty. And it came about that because Helr 6:IO
the midwives had feared Goda be later presented
them with families.bG2 2 Finally Phar'aoh com- aPs 1n:3
manded all his people, saying: "Every newborn
son YOU are to throw into the river" Nile, but OEx 4:9
105:25
every daughter YOU are to preserve alive."' LPs
Ac 7 : N
Meantime, a certain man of the house of
Le'vP went ahead and took a daughter of CEx 4:14
3:2z
Le'vi.' And the womanEbecame pregnanto and mEx
OJg 13:3
0 E x 6:20
brought a son t o birth. When she saw how good- Nu 2 6 5 9
looking he was, she kept him concealed for three II CC hh F:3
2333
7:20
months.* When she was no longer able to con- +Ac
Heb 1 l : W
ceal him, she then took for him an arkco of OEx
25:lO
@Ge6:14
papyrus and coated it with bitumene and pitch Ge 11:3
and put the childa in it and put it among the OEx 2 1 : I
reeds by the bank of the river Nile. Further,
6:23
his sisterGstationed herseIf at a distance to find 3Ex
x E x I5:20
Nu 26:59
out what would be done with him."
NIic 6:4
5 After a while Phar'aoh'so daughter came CEx 3 1 0
d o i n to bathe in the Nile river and her fernale
attendants were waIking by the side of t h e Nile
river." And she caught sight of the a r e in the SAC 7:al
middle of the reeds. Immediately she sent her
slave' girl that she might get it. "When she C E X 20:10
opened it she got t o see the chiId, and here the
boy was weeping. At that she felt compassionC3De 128
s 106:46
for him,* although she said: "This is one of the 'P1Pe
3;:s
Ex 15:s
children of t l ~ eRebrews." Then his sister' said :Nu
12:l
to Phar'aoh's daughter: "Shall I go and specially caIl for you a nursing woman from the
HebrewGwomen that she may nurse the child S E X 21:2
for you?" a So Phafaoh's daughter said t o her:

"God." Rebrew, har-El.o.kiw'. See verse 17, footnoteb, liter all^.

"he later mads houses for them." Or, 'Lchest.vHebrew, te.bahJ.

CEx 2a.U

LEx 6:20

UNu 18:31
CAc 7:21

CEx 3 1
CEx 7:15
+Ac 7:22

Heb 11:24

O E x 4:14

@Ex 3:7

AC 7:23
Heb 11:E
'Ac 7:24

*Ac 7:26
ph'u 21%
C
m

591

*Ge 128

AC 7:n

?Ex 22:M
G E x 3:ti

QFr 39:12
SC

7:m

LEx 4.19

rEx 3:l

t Ge 2 5 2

EXODUS 29-15

"Go!" At once the maiden went and called the

child's mother.OA Phafaoh's daughter then
said to her; "Take this child with you andnurse
him for me, and I myself shall give you your
Accordingly the woman took the child
and nursed him0 lo And the child grew up, Then
she brought him to Phar'aoh's daughter and
he became a son to her, and she proceeded to
call his name Mosesaa and t o say: "It is because
I have drawn him out of the water.'""'
11 Now it came about in those days, as Moses
was becoming strong, that he went out to his
brotherso that he might look at the burdens they
were bearing, and he caught sight of a certain
Egyptian striking a certain Hebrew of his brothers." So he turned this way and that and saw
there was nobody in sight. Then he struck the
Egyptian down and hid him in the sand."
13 Hourever, he went out on the following
day and here there were two Hebrew men struggling with each other. So he said t o the one in
the wrong: "Why should you strike your cornpanian?"" l4 At this he said: "Who appointed
you as a princebP and judge" over us?* Are you
intending to killc3 me just as you k3Ied the
Egyptian?" Moses now got afraido and said:
"Surely the thing has become known!""
1 5 Subsequently Phar'aoh got to hear of this
thing and he attempted t o kill Moses,* but
Moses ran away from Phar'aoh that he might
dwell ind the land of Mid'i.an,p? and he took a

Xeatiing "Drawn out; Ra-red out of water". See Josephus' Antiq11, chapter 9, 6. h "Prince." Hebrew,
scar; LLY, adchojn; Vg, prin'ccps, =LiteralIy, "Are yau talking
t;a as to kill?!' d ' T h a t he might dwell in," 11; "and he departed
fur," sy,
~ r i f i e sof the LTswg. Rook

EXODUS 2 :16-25

203 '> ,
,

202

seat by a well.3+IG
LTowthe priestp of Mid'l-an
had seven daughter^,^ and as usual they came!

ONu'20:17
pEs 3:l
C K X 20:10

LGe 24!11
Ge 292

and drew water and filled the gutters to water

G e 2220
their father's flock.D IT
And as usual the shep-, s1Pa
8:ll
herdsa came and dmve them away. At this; OEx 3:l
Moses got up and helped the rvornen outa and
iz:3a
watered their flock.'-""
" So when they came, G r ! 29:10
3:l
home to Reu'el' their father he exclaimed: *Ex
Ex 4:18
"How is it YOU have come home so quickly gaxf8:l
u 10:29
today?'' To this they said: "A certain Egyp-' , ' G e 50:11
3:8
tian" delivered3 us out of the hand of the shep-, OEx
UGe 24:31

doh 3 1 3 2
herds andJ besides, he actually drew water for' AGe
29:15
6:2S
us that he might water the flock." "Then he! QEx
Ex
18:2
said t o his daughters: "But where is he? Why, Kll 12:l
IH:3
is it that YOU have left the man behind? Call! +Es
1C11 23314
DlCr
him, that he may eatG bread.""
that' 3Ex 1U:12
16:J
Moses showed willingness to dwell with the man," alCh 16:m
PS39:12
and he gave Zip.po'raho his daughter 20 Moses, Ps 119:19
7:ZD
" Later she bore a son and he called his name! AC
Heb 11:13
! OEx l3:lZ)
Ger'shom," because, he said: "A temporary'
7:7
E
residentceI have come to be in a foreign land."r ~AcE ?7:30
#Ex 4:19
23 And it came about during those many dzys' ?Na 20:16
that the king of Egypt finally died,# but the sons; De26:7
Ps 12:s
of IsxaeIGcontinued to sigh* because of t h e slav-. OEx d:22
eryd and t o cry out in complaint and their cry, EDe2-1:15
J g 10:11
3:6
for help kept going up to Godc' because of t h e! OEs
ANc 8:27
1P S 105:s
slavery."" 24 In t h e God heardAtheir groaning UES6:s
6:4
and God rememberedpohis covenant3 with Abra-' BBx
OEx 32:13
@EX
&3
,
harn,O IsaacDand Jacob.' ""0
God looked on t h e +Ge 15:14
Ge 26:24
sons of brael and God took notice,*
Ge 2823
8

Or, "and saved the women!' This is the first use of this Hebrew
word "save", and that in respect to Mosea. b 3 t ~ a n i n g"A t e n ~ p o r a l ~
resident there". Or, "a sojourner." Hebrew, ger. Or, "aermtude."
""God." Hebrew, ha-El.o.11im'. Rse Gsneds 17:18, footnotpd.
"God took notiaei' M ; "he became known to them," ZXX; "he
took notice of them," Tg.
a

EXODUS 3 :1 - 4

And Moseso became a shepherdp of t h e

flock of Jeth'ro,' the priesP of Mid'i-an?
whose son-in-law he was.a While he was driving
the flock t o the west side of the wildernessP he
came at length to the mountainp of God,b to
c,,,,:,
PMU 22:2a Hdreb."
Then Jehovah'sp angelDappeared to
CEx 14:19
9:23
him in a flame of fir4 in the midst of a thornbush. As he kept looking, why, here the thornbush was burning with the fire and yet the
thornbush was not consumed. a At this Moses
said: "Let me just turn aside that I may inspect
this great phenomenon, as to why the thornis not burnt up."" When JehovahcO saw
?fE,"F& bush
that he turned aside to inspect, God at once
called t o him out of the midst of the thornbush
and said: "Moses! Moses!" t o which he said:
#&=:16
"Here I am."* Then he said; "Do not come
lSa 3:4
near
here. Draw your sandals from off your
'Yos 515
feet, because the place where you are stmding
ACT:=
2 g:z is holymgro~nd."~'
6 And he went on t o say: "I am the God of
GEX 6:14
CGe 12:l
your
fatherjdot h e God of Abraham, t h e God
Ge 2 ~ ~ 2 4
of Isaac and the God of J a c ~ h . "Immediately
~
E:E;i3
I r t 2 2 : ~ Moses hid his face, because he was afraidC ta
CEx 9:20
LEX 5:s
look at God.eoA' And Jehovah added: "UnquesrEx &:31
VEX ~ : 7 tionably I have seen the affliction0 of m y peoplep
O E X 4 :I0
who a r e in Egypt,'Sand I have heard their outL G l7:3
~
cry as a result of those who drive them to work,
because I well know the pains they sufEer.O
,$2&244
'
h
k
23
And I am proceeding to go d o m t o deliveF
them
out of the handz of the Egyptians' and to
:E$$51
CEx 4:4
pYu 2737
*Ex 183
CEX 4:19
SEX IS:I
pEx

Or1 "Jeth'ro his father1-in-law?' b "God.!' Hebyen, ha-Eto.himf.

60 also at Exodus 4 : 27; 18 : 5 ; 24 :IB. Sam, "'Cod." That is,
Jehorah's angel, who spoke for Jrllovah. See verse 2. d6'Father;'
MLXXRyg; "fathers," Sam. "God." Hebrm, ha-Ei.o.hi~n'. See
t ir~tles~s
17 : 16, footnoted.

EXODUS 3:9-I5

205

204

bring fhw up out of that land to a land good

and spacious, t o a land f l o m i n ~with millrC and oEK,:,,
axu 13:27
l ~ o n e yt,o~ the locality of the Ca'nnm.ites%nd r&??~::~ll
tlale 3lil'titesP and t h e Arn'or.itcsp and the Pert- PEx
iz.zitesm~ n dthe Hi'vites' and t h e Jeb'u.sites.'
gti;$
rG@1 r ) : l l
' And now* look! the outcry of the sons of Is- :
racl I~ascome to me, and I hnvc seen, too, the
oppression with which the Egyptians are oppressing themA lo knd now comc and let me *mi:"
send you t o Phar'aoh3 and you llring my people "EY 4:21
OPE ~m:?o
tlac sons of Israel out of Egypt."@
At 714
11 However, Rloses said to Gad:R "TC71o am I
that I should go to Phar'aoh and thnt I have to
brlng the sons of Israel out of Egypt ?"+ To this ?;:* 18;;;
he said: "Because I shall provc! to be with you," Jcr I:G
and this is Ihesign0for you that it is I who have
sent you: ' After you have brwught the peopIe J"&J;:;y
out of Egq.pt I-or people will servehGoda on this 2; i;;,;
mountain,"'*
576 f i ; 17
Pa 8O:IT
13 Nevertheless, Moses said to God:C "Sup- #ES 1i1:'1
pose I am now come t o t h e sons of Israel and I
do say to them, 'The God of roun forefathem
has sent me to YOU,' and they do say to me,
'IYhat is his name?"'What shall I say to them?" yyg?;a
this GOCIsaid t o Moscs: "I SHALL PROVE TO EY 1<:3
nE WIIAT I SHALL PROVE TO RE." And he added:
"This is what you are t o say t o the sons of Is- "C"21
rael, 'I SHALL PROVE TO BE^ has sent me to&$;::'
YOU.' "" la Then Cbd said once more to Moses: g,!:;;
"This Is what you are t o say to the sons of g;
lh'.S

iz;&y3

z:?::'!~

a '(Oorl,'' IIcl~rem, Irn-El.o.kir~r'. Com]~ni*cUene~is3 : 22, footrioteR.

b Or, "1~~r.511ip."
LLC+~d.''
I d c l ~ r rBa-ISl+abkin!'.
~,
See Genesis 17 : 13,
footllotrfJ. d L ' I~ h n l lprow to I,c." This i a 011c word iu H e l ~ w w ,

nzttnety, il*ilM tEb.!rclac), ant1 ntny bc rrndcrrd "I &I1 beeome".

J,.LX rends: "The existing One [/to ON],'' Vg rends: "He who is
[ Q ai rst]

."

EXODUS 3 :16-22

Israel: 'Jehovah3the God of '~-oUrr forcfathersfn

the God of Abraham,+the God of Isnnc' and the
God ol' Jncoblwhas sent me t o YOU.' This is my
llamen t o e t e n ~ l t y and
, ~ ~ this is the nlcrnorjalg
CElr 133
*Cc2G:?.1
of me t o gencrationp after generation." ''' You
8 Gc ZR:13
F-EX:;:I4
go, and you must gather the older mcn of Ismel
'$5 rz>:13
*.3s 102:12 and you must say to them, 'Jehovah the God
Ho 12:s
"C:e 31:-12 of YOUR forefathers has appeared t o me,' the
(;e 46115
W e 50:24 God of Abrnharn, Isaac and Jacob, saying: "I
Es 4:31 will without fail give attention" t o YOU rind t o
Ex 13:19
Fs B0:I.L what is being clone to YOU in Egypt. " And .w I
1.u 1 :6$
Ac fYI.1 say, I sllnll bring YQU up out of amlctjonA by
LGe 1523
W e 1521 the Egyptians to the land of the Ca'naan.ites0
Ex 3:s
and the Hitttitc;s and the Am'oraItcs nncl the
Pertizbxitcsand the Hi'vites and the JcWr.sltes,
'NU 13:n to a land flowing with milk and honey," "*
13e r;:3
18 "And they will certainly listen to your
YL, 421
C;e 12:1
voice,'Band you must come, you and the older
I.:u 5 3
1.k 23:B men of Israel, to the king of Egypt and xVnu
Xu 2313
L 1,:s 3-15
men must say t o him, 'Jehovah' tllc God of the
Hebrews has come in touch ~~l'ith
us,' nnd now
SEX 125
we want to go, please, a journey of three days9
rEx 5:3
into tllc tvild~rtlcssand we want to s~crificept o
tE?tTi5
Ex 8:23
Jehovah" our Gad.'" l? And I, even I, tvcII know
Ex 10%
*Ex 6:7
that the king of Egypt wi1I not give You perE x 7L4
1:;s11:8
mission t o go except by a strong Iiand." 20 And
- E x 7:s
I sl~allhave t o stretch out my hand ~ n dtrike
De 6 2 2
X E 0:10 Egypt with all my wonderful acts that I shall
Ps 105:n
Fs 12.39
do in the midst of it, and after that he tvlll send
Ac T : ? 6
I Ex 11:3
1%
out." And I will give t h i s people favoP
in the eyes of the Egyptians and It will certain(*EX 11:3 ly occur that when YOU go you will not go
Ex 1236
empty-handerl," 2 A ~ each
d
woman must ask
r2C 7 : l O
'Ex 11:.1
11Ex 1 8 ; 4 from her neighbor: and from the rvornanp temFIX 6 . 4
n her house artides of silvers
r1 Ex 2 0 : Z porarily reiding9 j
..
OEx 34:6

&e ?:,I
GC 7:l
ICe L7:T
3IE 2232
@Ex 5:23

* Or, "to time indefinite."

EXODUS 4: 1-9

206

and articles of goIdg and garments? and YOU

must put them upon YOUR sons and nouR daugktern and YOU must ship the Egyptians."~
However, Moses in answering said: "But
suppose they do not believe me and do not
listen to my voice,' because they are going t o
say, Vehovah did not appear to you.*" 'Then
Jehovah said to him: ''What is that in your
hand?" to which he said: "A rod."'"" Xext he
said: "Throrv it on the earfhqW0So he threw it
on the earth, and it b e m e a serpent,O and
Mose began t o flee from it.* Jehovah now said
t o Moses:"'FuPur
your hand out and grab hold
of it by the tail." So he put his hand out and
grabbed hold of it and it became a rod in his
palm, "'In order that,'' t o quote him, "they
rnay believe that Jehovah0 the God of their forefatheix, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac
and the God of Jacob, has appeared to you.""
6 Then Jehovah said to him once more:
"Stick your hand, please, into the upper fold of
your garment." So he stuck his hand into the
upper fold of his garment. When he drew it out,
why, here his hand was stricken with leprosp
like snow!' After that he said: cRRetrn your
hand into t h e upper fold of your garment." So
he returned his hand into the upper fold of his
garment. When he drew it out of the upper f d d
of his garment, why, here it was restored like
the
of his flesh!'n
"And it: must occur
that," to quote him, "if they 81411 not believeC
you and u7ilEnot liden ta t h e voice of the first
sign: then they mill certainly believe the voice
of the later sign. 'Still, it must accur that, if they
will not believe wen these two signs and mill not
listen to your voice, then you will have to take

207

EXODUS 4 :1 M 7

some water Prom the Nile rive? and pour it out

on the dry land and the water that you will take
from the Nile river will certainly become, yes,
5% ;2ii3 i t will indeed become blood3 on the dry landeWA
101 NOSHnow said to Jehovah: "Excuse me,
but I am not a fluent speaker, hei' iC'<l
~ ~ 2P:1q : ?Jehovnh,h
~
2.c,,l l : n the]. since yesterday nor since before that
7:1rJ
nor since your speaking t o your
for
I am slow of mouth and slow of tongue."": l1At
@ExT:f5

that Jchovnh said to him: "llrho appointed a

mouth'' for man ax who appoints the speech- 1 ' ~51:15
I I
:
lclss or the deaf or the clear-sighted or the
Jvr 1:')
13 SO no\v go, and
nr-p lV14 I)lind?m'Is it not I, Jehoval~?~
- 3;u 20.9 I mysl;lf shall prove to be with your mouth and
n 3% I13:IO
IY.
on 4 1 I will teach you what you ought t o say."O l 3 But
? I t 1fl.IQ
Srr 1.r.11 he s ~ l :d"Excuse me,dehovah,fi but send, please,
I.u 1"lC
by the hand of the one whom you are going
I
3
:' :I:' : i: to send,"" Then Jehovah'so angerDgrew hot
against Moses and he said: "Is not Aarone the
Levitc" your b ~ o t h e r ?I ~do know that he can
[ a x 10:
ULO
8:251
lQonllysgcak, And, besides, here he is on his
way out to meet you. When he does see you,he
'EX 7:3
will certainly be glad in his heart3 I q n d you
R:lO
must speak t o him and put the wordsp in his
w x 7:1.
l j c 18:Ib mouth," and I myself shall prove to be with
'm'"r:'"our
mouth ~ n dhis mouth' and I will teach
E'r*aJ4:13 YOU men what YOU are to d0.O l" And he must
speak for you to the people and it must occur
that he will serve as a mouth to you and you
will serve FIS Gcdh to him.' And this rod you
.r(vhiir:34 will take in your hmd that you may perform
the signs with it."P
:EX 1 3 9
- e~ 8.17

3;

Yt should i w d u.Jrhnrt~lt"Iiprp, ns It is one of the 134 placm

n ~ l ~ c tltcl
i r ;Ir?tvi.;h Popltcri !IT {scrill~u)suhsrit~tt~d
A.do.~iayrfor the
tlivinc Ilntilrb i n tlic 1 I~hyrr:toat. RPC prunccis 1 3 : 3, footnotea.
b o f l ocl," 1l r l ~ i ~ El
~ ~ou.
v h, it11 ;JJXX, lto T ~ F + o * ' .

EXODUS 4 :18-26

208

209

EXODUS 4: 2 7 4 : 3

go of him. At that time she said: "A bride18 Accordingly Moses went and returned t o
218
GM IZ:4rl groom of blood,"a because of the circumcision.bo
Jeth'ro"" his father-in-law and said to him: "1
\R,;&
EX I ! l ~ l
want t o go, pleasefeand return t o my brothers "G@J4):35
27 Then Jehovah s ~ i to
d Aaron: "Go to meet
I,:<! 4:rl
C k:\: 7:18
who are in E,mt that I may see whether they
Moses into the ~ i l d e r n e s s . "With
' ~ ~ that he went
T..I,:\:
i:x 13:17
arp still alive." So Jeth'ro said to Moses: "Go i n
nncl met him in the r n o ~ ~ n t a iof
n ~GodcAand
:t: b
TKx 1:':B
peace." l9 After that Jehovah said t o Moses in
I<irssed
him.?
= S h d Iklosm proceeded to teU
I.,.; 3 rlR
hlid'i-an:' "Go,return to E ~ - p t ,because
;
all the ?R+l&;l
? , \ 2l:l:n
Awon all the words of Jchovah, who had sent
:l<f I .:<
men who rwre hunting for your so~tkbarc?dead." 'I1r:u sIi 5
:<;(.
"t3:Ix him, and all the signs t h a t he had command!,'< l:,>,i
ed- him to do."- '"nfter
that Moses and Aaron
20 Then M o s s took his wifez and his sand
. I , % 11,:;
$;$?
11~c.lnt
nnd
~ R I ~ c I * C CallI the older men of the sons
and made them ride on an ass m d he prowdcd ;.,. :':;!r
V l l +I:S
P,lCn 5:lG
of Ismel."' '"Then Aaron spoke all t h e ivords
t o retr~rnto t h e land of Egypt. Moreover, Moses uj:,
L:.\ 2.1:1
that Jehovah I ~ n dspoken to hIoses and he pertook the radkof Gcdc in his hand. i : And Jeho- f'j:::ii
':Ex139 fortncd the signs under the eyes' of the peovah went on to say to Moses: "'After you have ~,:~s'i~,',o
-1:s,l:lf:
##I;< ;!:I$
ple:
A t this the peuple believed.' When they
gone and returned to Egypt see that row nlen
1;s 4:s
d Jellova11 had turned his attention
do peifo~mall the ~wnders'that I have put in
1'3 IrJ6!12 l ~ e ~ rthat
;J;'
to tho sons of Israel and that he had seen their
your hand before Phar'aohm0As for me, I sllall .I.:\. 5 1
a Ex 2228
~ m i c l i othen
~ ~ ,they
~ barved down and prostrated
let his heart become obstinate,d3and he will not
mI<x12:27 tl~emsclvcs,'
send the people away. g2 And you must say to
iyi;
Phar'tioh, 'This is what Jehovah has said: "Is- !?$$:
IUI:V 7 : i
And afterrvarcl M a m a and Aaron went in
raela is my son: my A r s t - b ~ l ~ "
n .And
~ I say t o ;!;;x,:i
I Pa 11D:iid
~ n ~d O C P P ~ lFo~ say
!
to Phsl"iloh:rc "This
J I : \ 11:s
you: Send my son away that he may servec me. C 1,;s
is
whnl
Jrhovah"
the
God
of Israel has said,
:$F
Put should you refuse t a send him asmy, here I I :12:29
sm
?
;
;
"Scnd my people away that they may celebrate
L;< ltl.>::la
am killing your son, your first-bo~*n."' ": /
1 :'{r\:4
1: I
a festh?alAt o rnc in the milderncss.' " 'But Phar'-C;C .;!.:j.F
T'<1 L 1
24 Norv it came about on the road at the c.;t'.;!;sl
I
.:.I h.4:
soh said: "Who Is Jehovah,' so that I should
, % 7 , lfl
Iodghg place- that Jehovah' got t o meet himml ~ ~ ! ~ t ;!.sn:,??
o I$
. ~ e y +111s
' ~ ~voice to send Israel. a~sray?:I d a not
~ i ~
<: I1 Y O m . 3 know Jehovnh at all' ctnd, what is more, I am not
ancl kept 1ooIcing for a way3 to put him t o !,I#,\i,' s::~.l
1.4: 17
,.,,
:
death.:' 2TinalIy Zip.potrah=took a flint' and II#:%
3 H ~ w ~ ethey
rI
going t o s e ~ dJsi*&el
. y ::>I
lfb::j
cut 0% her son" foreslrin and cattsecl it to touch E.; 513
wcnt
on
t
o
sny:
'
T
h
e
Godof
the
Hebre!~'~
has
3: tq
.:*I:%
:lL.?l come in touclr wit11 us.' Ure want to go, please, a
his feet m d said: "It fs because you are a bride- ' ~ c l g5 2
?l<l 17,25
1 . . ~ 7 . ? . 1 joi~rneyof three days into the wilderness and
groom of bloods t o mewHh
" Consequently he let
:.Y H:L'7
sncrIfice3to 3ehovah11our God; othern~isehemay
f
! h !I:!>
a "J&h'ro." Here H e h r e ~ ,T r t A ' c r .
"Sonl," or, ' ' l i f ~ . 'H~ v l ~ ~ ~ w ,
strilce at us zvith pestilencec=or with sword."='
,:,
n ~ j h ' r s l r ; LA=, p ! y . c k ~ ' . "C;od.'. H~l~rcrr..
An-El.o.bin~'. C o l ~ ~ p a r e
Chr~esis 5 :1-2. footnote. d Or) "hnld." * Or, "n.orghill." 1 '~Jrlir~~nh,"
a I . ~ ~ P I . o I I ~'41lnotl~r'~
,
b Lit~rnlly,~reilr~~mcinious.'~
0 s'God'JHebrew,

"

3-

11

IIY

, ,,,

,.

3ISnm; "Jehorah"s.anpl,l' L-SXT. g Literally, b41)lootl~!'h J,SS

renrls hew : "And s a d : *Theblood of my p u n g chilrl's rircurilr.ision
has stood (is staunched) "

.+

,,-,

I,rr-J<l.o.lt~~~~'.
Sro Erodas 3 : 1, fuottmtcL, '.Commanded him to
rll~," SF; " r o ~ n ~ r ~ n t ~ rIl~cidm , " 1II.XSVg. * Or, "listen b." f Or,
'.l~nbo-pr3t."LSS, "rlent h drnrlly plague).'"

EXODUS 5 :&I4

211

210

.,,,,:,

At this the king of Egypt said t o them: "Why

is it, Moses and Aaron, that you causea the peo- $~,x,::l,o
ple t o leave off from their works?"Go to bear- ~ c 1 6 : 2 0
ing aouR burdens!"" And Phar'aoh continued: "EX "I1
"Look! the people of the land are now many," hB1:9
and YOU indeed make them desistb from their
bearing of burdens."
6 Immediately on that day Phar'aoh commanded those who drove t h e people to workb
and their officers, saying: "You must net gather straw t o give to the people t o make bricks4 +C,e,T;$
314
as formerly. Let them themselves go and gather
straw for themselves. Moreover, the required
amount of bricks that they were making formerly YOU will further impose upon them, You
must not make any reduction for them, because
5:17
they are relaxing? That is why they are crying .EX 3:18
out, saying, 'We want to go, we want to sacri- g$;zrn
fire to our God!'" Let the servicec be heavy "EX 12:=
upon the men and let them work at it, and let
them not pay attention to false words."*
~JZe rK43:a
IS:^
I
10 So those who drove the people to work' *g;
and their offfcers went out and said t o the people: "Here is what Phas'aoh has said: 'I am
giving YOU no more straw. llYou gourselves
go,get strawCfor yourselves wherever YOU may =Ex 5:7
find it, because there is to be no reducing of
Yaua services one bit."' " Conseq~tentlythe
people scattered about over all the land of Egypt
t o gather stubble for straw. 13And those who
drove them t o work0 kept urging them, saying: 'Eg3li-f'
"Finish YOUR works each one his work day for
day, just ax when straw was availakle."' " Later 'EX ":7
Or, IdWhg;, Xoses and Aaron, should yon cause?"
then1 r e s t (or, keep a sahbath)."

Or, "lntllre

EXODUS 5 :15-22

o n the officersm of the sons of Israel, whom

Phar'aoh's taskmastersa had set over them,
~ ~ 7 : 2 4were beaten," these saying: "Why is it YOU
,did not finish YOUR prescribed task in making
Cgi
$j:!3 bricks* as formerly, both yesterday and today ?""
"Nu Ill6
15 Consequently the officel-saof the sons of
Israel went in and began to cry out to Phar': aoh, saying: "Why do you deal this way with
your servants? le There is no straw given to
your servants and yet they are saying to us,
'Make briclcs!' and here your servants are beaten, whereas your ONTI people are at fault."
I r But he said: "You are relaxing, YOU are re5:8
laxing!AThat js why YOU are saying, 'We want
'2%2
t o go, we want t o sacrifice t o J e h o ~ a h ,IB' ~And
E X i0:25
now go, serve! T h o u ~ hno straw+ will be dvcn
*Ex5:i
[toYOU, y e t YOU are to give the required ar&unt
eEX 5:14
of bbriCkS.~~w
*Ex 5%
19 Then t h e oficersx of the sons of Israel
:os 1:IO
saw themselves in an evil plight at the saying:
''You must not deduct from YOUR bricks one bit
EX^:^
of anyone's daily rate."" 2o After that they enwx7:1
countered Moses and Aaron,O who were standing there to meet them as they came out from
Phar'aoh. 21 At once they said to them: "May
c ~ 18:16
x
Jehovah look upon you and judge,O since YOU
have made us smell offensiveh before Phar'aoh
and before his servants so as to put a sword in
'Ge34:30
their hand to kill us."* 22 Then Moses turned to
Ex 6.9
rEx17:4
Jehovaho and said: "Jehovah," why have you
1Sa 305
J e r l 2 : 1 caused evil t o this people? Why is it that you

$;;

S;G
i
1:lo
* E x 2:11
JOE

., ,:,

Or, "men who drove them to ~ork.'' Iiiter~lly~

"YOU h ~ v emade
I t should read "Jehovah" here. See Genesis 1 8 : 3.
footnotea. In Exodus sueh change from God's name t o A.rlo.nrrgr
b? the Sopherim occurs at Exodus 4: LO, 1 3 ; 5 : 22; 15: 17;34:9
(twice).
a

o w odor stink."

EXODUS 5 :23-6

:7

212

213

have sent me?" 23 For from the time that I went

in before Phar'aol~to speak in your namemvhe
has done evil to this people, and you have not
OEX 12:n
by any means delivered3 your people."+
+Ex 3;8
So Jehovah said t o Moses: "Now you wiII
14:13
32:39
see what I shall do to PharraohT because De
Ps 12:s
9:3
on account of a strong hando he w i l send them aCx
"EX 11:l
Ex 12:31
away and on account of a strong h a d he will #EX
6'29
drive them out of his land.""
" G c17:l
GC s : 3
2 And Goda went on t o speak t o Moses and Ge 3.5~11
EX 7.5
to say to him: "I am Jehovah." a And I used t o pEx
32:13
rr
Ex 19:3
appear to Abraham, IsaacP and Jacobs as Godbo CEX
1s:a
2~::4
Almighty,""but
as respects my namek Jeho- CXu
kEx 20.7
vahc""1 did not make myself known to themmdCEx 20:7
'And I also established my covenant0 with them >Ex 19:s
15:15
to give them the land of Catnaan,p the Imd of pgx
-LX 12:4&
12:s
their temporary residences3 in which they re- ZGe
Ge 13:18
2214
sided temporarily,' And I, even I, have heard Ge
Ex 3:14
the s o w i n g of t h e sans of IsraeI, whom the LGe
15:18
173
Egyptians are enslaving, and I am proceeding Ge
Ge 28:4
CEx 1 3 3
to remember3 my covenant.+
;Ex 2:24
6 "Therefore say to the sons of Israel,@'I am -Ex 12:3
Jehovah, and I shall certainly bring YOU out
from under the burdens of the Egyptians and
3:17
deliver YOU from their sIavery, and I shall in- *Ex
Ex 7:4
deed reclaim YOU with an outstretched arm and De 26:8
P7:21
with great judgments.' And I shall certainIy 1Ch
Ne 3:10
?Ex
9:l
take YOU to me as a peopleec*and I shall indeed sDe 7;E
i:a4
prove to be Godeto YOU"' and aow will certainly 2Sa
Ex 29:15
know that I am Jehovah YOUR God who is bring- De 29:13
ahfu 11:11
?Ex 6:3
C Ps 118:s

'gi!;!:

"God? MLXX; d l J e h o ~ a h , JSan1SyT.g.

'
bbY30d." Hebrew, El;
L X X . Pbe.osr: Ye. JIE'ws. "Jeho~ah." Hrbrew, illlfl (TEIWII) ;
nnd h 11 thii tetkgrammaton has the snlnc vo~Gel
ns A&nrsu'. Instead of "Jehovah", liere Vg reads: "Adonai." .IOr, "also
as respecta ~ t i ynnme Jellovnh did I not mnke rugadf kuolvn t o
them?" * Or, "take YOU as my people." "God." Hebrew, El.omh~~rar;
L X X , !L'l?e.os', g Or, "prove to he YOUR nod."
a

Ge 35.13
*Ge 1 5 5

E.Y
EX 6:2
14.15
Ex 20 2
Ls~sn42:s
Jcr 9 24
Ae 17:?4

,,,,.,,
bEx 3710

E 3 5:l

Le
De 2G:dl
305
rsa 6.s

Jer 1 : 6

+EL

923
143

~:OS

lCh 5.24

'

h
I

19.35

OEY

za 12

0-3

26.7

u
I :
@Ex 1 1 5

Jos 13:15

ssu 133

'E;:ti\
g:2;41&
cae4fi:Il
Xu 3 17

ku2& 57
$
:: ,:j!
rsellmGG

EXODUS 6;8-16

ing YOU out from ztnder the burdens of Egypt.

And I: shall certainly bring YOU into the land
that I raised my hand in oath to give t o Abraham,Isaac and Jacob, and I shall indeed give it t o
YOU as something to possess." I am Jehovah.' ""
9 Afterward hToses spoke to this effect t o the
sons of Israel, but they did not listen to Moses out
of discouragernenta and for the hard slavery."
10 Then Jehovah spoke to Moses, saying:
" "GO in, speak to Phar'aoh, Egypt's king,"
that he should send the sons of Israel away out
of his land.''* However, Moses spoke before
Jehovah, saying: "Look! the sons of Israel have
not listened t o me, and how twill Phar'aoh ever
Iisten to me, as I am uncErcumcised3 in lips?"bo
l3But Jehovah continued to speak to Moses and
Aaron and to issue t h e command by them to
the sons of Israel and to Pharraoh, Egypt's
king, in order t o bring the sons of Israel out
from the land of Egypt.'
14 These are the heads" of the house of their
fathers : '* The sons of Reufben,P Israel's firstborn," were Ha'noch arid Pal'lu, Ilez'ron and
Car'rni.' These a r e the families of Reu'ben."
15 And the sons of Sim'e.on3 were Jem'u.el
and Ja'min and O'had and Ja'chin and Zo'har
and Sharul the son of a Catnaan.ite woman."
These are the families of SimYe.on.
16 And these are the names of t h e sons of
Le'vi, according to their family descents: Ger'shon andXorhathand&Ie.rar'i.=And the years of
Le'vi's lifeS were a hrmdred and thirty-seven

ACe 29-34

literally, "shortacss of spirit [rztrn,kh]," b "Uncircumcised in

hps," as though the lips had a f o r ~ s over
~ n them and hence xere
too lollg and thick to utter speech ~ i t ease.
h
a

EXODUS 6 :17-27

214

17 The sons of Ger'shonb were Lib'nl and oG; i6;i1

1ch 697
Shimre.i, according to their families.
1Ch 23:7
18 And t h e sons of Ko'hath' were Ampram@
and li'har m d He'bronc and UzPzi.el.And the1"1;",;?
years of Ko'hath's life were a hundred and
;g7
I C 6~2
thirty-three years.
1Ch 23:E
19 And the sons of Me-rar'i" were Mahli 5Nu2F:Sg
XCh 6:3
and Mu'shi.
I C h 23:13
These were the families of the Levites, ac- *Fuy&I
1Ch G:1A
cwcling to their family descents.
1Ch 2321
20 Now Adram' took Joch'e-bed* his fa- t l :$iS9
~
therk sister as his wife, Later she bore him
Aaron and Moses. And the years of drn'rarn's
life were a hur~dredand thirty-seven years.
T,U,,:,
21 And the mns of Iz%arnwere Ko'rahb and &$C,"gi;
Ne'pheg and Zich'ri.
NU2630
1Ch 6.37
22 And the sons of Uz'ai.elb were Mifsha.el FLe
164
and El.zatpham and Sith'ri.
aNu
NU 3:30
1:7
23 Mow Aaron took E.li'she.ba, Am.minfa- 2 ;;:9
dab's" daughter, the sistero of Nahfshon, as his "EX
wife. Later she bore him Na'dab and A.bi'hqc 3EX24:1
=EX%:I
E.le.arzarc and 1th'a.mar."
'Nu 3:2
24 And the sons of Ko'rah were &'sir and
El-ka'nah and A.bifa.saph." These were the
families of the Ko'rah.ites.
25 And E-lea'zar, Aaron's son,took for himself one of the daughters of Puttinelas his wife.
NU 31:6
Later she bore him Phin'e.hasmM
2.231
These are the heads of the fathers of the Joa
s.g20:2~
CEx 32:26
L e v i t e ~according
,~
to their families.
72'0s 2-l:5
26 This is the Aaron and Mosesg to whom Je- :%;$'
hovah said: "BRINGt h e sons of Israel out from P,S,b:;g
the land of Egypt according t o their armies.'" " " E i ' 4
2T They were the ones speaking to Phar'aoh,
Egypt's king, t o bring the sons of Israel out' "g$;:
from EgyptOA
This is the Moses and Aaron.

z:

,:

215

EXODUS 6 :2 P 7 :9

28 And it came about on the day that Jehovah spoke t o Moses in the land of Egypt, 2e that
Jehovah went an to speak t o Moses, saying: "I
am Jehovah."ppeak to Phar'aoh king of Egypt
F Ge 153
Eu 6:2
EU 14118 everything I am speaking to yau." 3 V Then Xoses
Ex 2a12
said before Jehovah; '"ok!
I am uncircumTsrt 42:s
Jer 9 24 cised in lips," so how will Phar'aoh ever listen
.-4c 17 .>l
+Er 4:lU
to me?""
Ex 6:12
5Er 8:E
Consequently Jehovah said t o Moses:')
3Ey 4:16
"See, I have given you as Godm t o Phar';EX 9:13
aohw
and Aaron0 your brother will serve as
5 z u rl:lo
~ S 11.29
U
your prophet.@a You-you will speak all that I
s h a l command you, and Aaron your brother
will do the speaking t o Phar'aoh, that he must
:Ex 4:15
-Ex 9:14 send the sons of Israel away from his land.*
#Ex 4:9
AS for me, I shall let Phar'aoh's heart3 beEx 1 1 3
Ps 105:27 come obstinatet and 1 shall certainly multiply
Ac 7%
my signsQand my wondersdp in the land of
Ex 6 . 2 3
['Ex 1l:lO
Ex 12:51 Egypt."" * And Phar'aoh will not listen t o YOU
'EX 1Q:l
men, and I shall have to lay my hand upon
Ex 11:9
SEX 12:1'1 Egypt" and bring my arrnies,j2 my people, the
:Ex 12.d1
sons of Israel, out from the land of Egypt with
'Ex G:6
Tsa 2G:F)
Eze 14:ZI great judgmenkA And the E-qtians will cer$Ex 8,22 tainly know that I am Jehovah3?when T stretch
> E x6 8
Es 8 2 2
out my hand against Egypt, and I shall indeed
EX 14:4
Ps 83.18 bring the sons of Israel out from their midst."'"
Eze 29:9
"And
Moses and Aaron went ahead doing as
'Ls 8:20
'EX 12:a8 Jehovah" had commanded them. T h e y did just
%Ex 12:28 sonG'And Moses was eighty years old' and
De 312
,Ic 7 :23
Aaron was eighty-three years old at the time
Ac 730
of their speaking t o Phar'aoh.
1 8 Jehovah now said to Moses and Aaron:
I * "In case that Fhar'aoh speaks to YOU, saying,

I-

aat'nci~cnmcised
in lips.'' See Exodus 6 : 12, footnoteb, b "God."
Hcbrcv, EE.o.7~im'; L X X , Tke.ost. C 01, I ' I shall make Phar'aoh's
11eart obstinate (hard)."
Or, "tokcma."
a

EXODUS 7:10-18

216

217

7:lf
'Give a wonder for yowsdves,'* then you must *Inn
ML1 2 : ~
Jolr
say to Aaron: 'Take your rad' and thlwlt' it G P:S .f2:lh
:2
down before Phaaaoh.' It will kcomeR a big !.:x \:n:2'!
4;R
snake."" lo So Moses and Aaron went on in to
P11arpaohand they did exactly as Jehovah had
commanded. Accordingly Aaron threw his rod
14:51
down before Phar'aoh and his servantsc and I t 3TEx
, > l i t $d i : R
II1:lI
became a big snake. Hotuever, Pl'lar'aol~also 'JTan
27:O
called for the wise meno and the sorcerers,"and I t:r
)u 2:2
?1:8
the magic-practicing priestse of Egypt them- *<;I! .ll:'d4
selves also proceeded to do the same thing' with J':x
1,:x !I: I1
:%0
their magic arts.= So they threw do~izlcach .!piy)n 1.".,.,
:l'h,!
one his rod and they became big makes, but %-['I 3 .,3< I
Aaron's rod swallowed u p their rods. '"Still, M,lc 8:!1
Phar'aoh's heart became obstinateb and he did
4:n
nar listen to them, just as Jehovah had spokerz.' .EX
Ex &I5
I
l
l
>
l:B
14 Then Jehovah said to Moses: "Phar'aoh's 3i0 ??:Is
heart is unresponsive.c He has refused to send
the people away.: l5 Go t o Phar'aoh in Ihe EX 10:20
m IO:M
rn~rnjng,~
Look! he is going out to the water!' a'-'lGx
X4:ZE
And you must put yourself in position to meet
?Ex8:9
11im by the edge of the Nile river,O and the rod" -Ex
.I:3
that turned into a serpent3 you are t o tnke in :Nu 21:8
your hand. '%And
you must say t o him, 'Jehovah the God of the Hebrews has sent rnc to :Ex 218
you,O saying: "Send my people away t h a t they EI.:xx 5:3
9: 1
may ses-ve%e in the tvilderness,"' but here you '.I.:s13:18
.EX 1 3 5
have not obeyedz until now.' "TElis is what 'f:x 8:l
1X:15
Jehovah has said, '%y this you will know that + 1.k
l':.x 7:.7
1Sn
17:rls
1 am Jehovah.&Here T am striking with the rod 1 I C 1 m:2s
2Kl
thnt IS in my hand upon the water that Is in the 1':m :!l!t:l:l
:;I
7
Nile river and it will certainly turn into blood,' 1 1 : ~ ~?.l:30
-I#:\ 4::)
InAnd the fishg that are in t h e Nile river will ' , Y O 11:5
die and the Nile river will fairly stink3 and the .:,I,:% $; 1.4
8~111,
"And it will becomem*;
or, ('thnt it mny hroms." b OF,"hnrd."

Egyptians \v.T.illsimply hcrve no stomach to d r h 1 c

i17aterfrom the File river." ' ""
19 Subsequently Jehovah said to Mosar "Say
*EX 851
to Aaron, 'Take your rod ~ n dstretch* your
El:9:22
Ex 10.12
EX 1.1:21 hand out over the tvatem of Egypt, over their
CE'8:"i~e1s,Q Over their Nile-cannls ~ n dover their
reedy pools and over ~ 1 their
1
impounded waters,&that they rnAy become blood.' And theye
will certainly be blood In all the land of Egypt
DEX15:5
and in the wooden vessels and in the stoneC
vessels," z2"Immediately Moses and Amon did
so, just as Jehovah had commanded, and he
t E ~ l ' i : S lifted up the rod and struck the water- that was
in the NiIe river under t h e eyes of Phafaoh
APS 7 8 : ~and his srvants, and all the water that was in
the Nile river mas turned Into
And
eE*9:tj
the fish that ryere In the Nile rlvw diedD and
the Nile river began to stink and the Egyptians
were unable t o drjnk water from the Nile river,
and the blood cnme to be in all the land of
FEx 7:18 Egypt.9
R e 8:9
22 Nevertheless, the magic~practicinpprfests+
of
Egypt proceeded to do the same thing with
;F Xx T8.-: L L
'E
their secret arts," so that Phar'aoh's heart con1 ~ i 3 : ' S thued to be obstinate"'nnd he did not listen to
-5421
E~ 8:15 them, just as Jehovah had spoken.* =S Hence
Phar'aoh turned and went into his house, and
'""
3:19
he did not set his heart to have any regard for
And all the Egyptians fvent dig*EX*21
Pr Z D : ~ this either.'
Jer 5 : s
ging round about thc Nile river for water to
drink, because they were u n ~ b l eto drink any
"EX 7 : ~ water of the Nile r1ver.O P%d seven days came
to be fulfilled after Jehov~h'sstriking the Nile
river.
"ni1:24

3!lh

+.'?.I

Or, litanlly, '*heavy," Or, . ' m ~ & i p . ! ~

EXODUS 7 :19-25

z$%;a

'G,e,$;z4

m L i t e r d "all
~ the colleded moss of tli~irwntm."

Or, "bard."

EXODUS 8 :1-9

218

219

Then Jehovah
8what

said t o Moses:
~ h d a o h and
, you must say t o him, 'TMS
is
Jehovah has said: "Send my people EX
away that they may servea me.bh And if yott
li;f5
keep refusing to send them away,O here I am ;:.O; i;i.L
lu:lal
plaguing all your territoryt with frogs.' Ancl
the Nile rivers will fair1y teem with frogs and ?!:;;$;;l'i
they will certainly come up and enter into your rjs ~ : 3 0
house= and yrrur inner bedroom and upon your ZEX 12:3
couch and into the house af your servants and
on your people and into your ovens and into
m34
your heading lroughs: And on you and on
your pmple and on all your servants the frogs
will come up." ' ""
~ T R B2.3:~
Dn 4 3 7
5 LateF on Jehovah said to Moses: "Say t o
Aaron, 'Stretch your hand with your rod out
U:M
over the rivers,' the Nile-canals* and the reedy QEX
*ex 7:3 11
pools and make the frogs come up over the land
of Egypt.' '" At that Aaron stretched his hcmd
out over the waters of Egypt and the frogs*be- '$;:,l;a:
gan to come up and t o mver the land of Egypt.
However, the magic-practicing priestsDdid the ,pc;~jjy
r<u 7 :I I
11
same t h i n e by their secret arts and made the TJ ,,I' k D:I!>U
frogs come up over the land of Egypt. In time A$;L2<4
Phar'aoh called Moseso and Aaron and said: w x 10:12
"SupplicatebJehovahthat he may remove the ~ r 11:s
r ~
frogs from me and my people, as I want to send
?$?7
the peaple away that they may sacrifice t o Je. F&,:l
hovah."' Then Msses said to Phar'aoh: "You
take the glary over me to sayd when I shall
make supplication for you and yot~rservants
and your people in order to cut the frogs OR
"':I
from you and your houses.' Only in the Nile

::;:
;:l,tz;f

Ox, "s~rship.'" bis iseme 26 of chapter 7 in thr Hebrew text.

Thig I~eginschapter 8 in the Hebrew text, d Or, po~sil~ly,
"expltlie

to rn1e.''

EXODUS 8 :10-19

river will they be left,"

To this he said:
tomorrow.'^^ he said: "It mill be according
to your ward,o in order that you may knotv that
tllerc is no one else like JehovahP aur God,"'iin
that the frogs will certainly turn away from you
and your ~ Q U S and
~ S your servants and yourpeopfe. Only in the Nile river will they be left.""
12 Accordingly Moses and Aaron went out
from Phar'aoh and Moses cried out to Jehovah*
because of the frogs that Iqe had put upon
Phar'aoh. '' Then Jehovah did according t o
Noses' rvorrlo and the frogs began t o &e off
from the houses, the courtyardso a n d the fields.
" And they went to piling them up, heaps upon
henps, and the l a d began t o stink.:" I G When
Phar'aolz gat to see that relief had talren place,"
he made his heart unresponsiven*and he did not
liden to t.hern, just as Jcl~ovahhad spoken.
16 Jehovah now said t o Moses: "Say t o
Aaron, Stretch yaur rod out* and strike the
~Iust~'
of 1 1 1 ~~ ~ r t hand
, ' it must beconle gnatsb
in all the land QP Egypt,' " So they did this,
and Aaron stretched out hrs hand with his rod
and struck the dust of the earth, and the gnatsb
crime to be on manq and beast. All the dust of
t h e earth became gilatsh in a11 the land of
Egypt.' l YAnd the magic-practicing priestsa
triecl to do the same by their secret arts, in orifcr to bring forth p a t s , but they were unable.'
And the gnats came to be on man and beast.
I!'Hence the magic-practicing priests said t o
his hpnvt ulwcsl~ondrc,"This ra in aword RHEarn;
I
in
It ~ I I P
l l ( - l ~ r u ~VPI-v11 is in tljr inlinitir~nbsnlrrt~,indefinite as to tint?.
b 01', "IIKI-I~III tnl-P.'" 11'1t h o ~ ~
111llrI1
t
pro!ml~ilityfor i f , the Jem and
thrhir l ~ i ~ t n ~ iS
n nO R C ~ ~ tlntiqnifirs
~IIS
( i'iliston, 18751, Rook 2,
c41nl1t~r1.1, q 3 ) vx])lriia it to niena lice, n ~ i r the
l Talmudists nlso nse
t l ~ csitrgular ILit!.wolrp for n louhe.

."lip mntlcl

EXODUS 8 : 27-9

221

Phar'aoh : "It is the finger of Gud ?"au But Phar'm uj:e

aah's heart continued to be obstinateAand he. p;.j;;;
did not listen to them, just as Jehovah hnd'al:~.i:2:
I*.< 7:'i

spoken.
I,.\ ~n I
20 Then Jehovah said t o Moses: "Get up I.;.. J 1 li
e ~ r l in
y the morning and take a position in front ;';$,k'?'
of P h a r ' a ~ h .Look!
~
he is coming out t o the wa- ,I:;
ter! A n d you must say to him, 'This is \ \ 7 1 1 ~ t
Jehovah has said: "Send my peoplc away thnt
they may serveb me. Eut if you are not smdin3 my people away, here I am sendin3 upon
you and your servants and your people and into
your houses the
and the hozrses of +ET$5,,
Egypt will sirnpIy be full of the gadfly, and also Ifi"7:IS
the ground upon which they are. And on XIlnt
day 1 shall certainly make the land of Go'shen
upan which my people are standing distinct that
!b423
no gadfly may exist there: in order t h n t you $: 3%T3
may know' that I: am Jehovahc in the midstn $+;2;:
of t h e earth."%d
I shall indeed s e t R dcmar- :; ;2;$!
cation between my people and your people. To- y;; ;fi38
morrow this sign" will take place." ' "
0 1:Y 10.1
24 And Jehovah proceeded to do so, and ttl'c ra,ia
h e m swarms of gadflies began to invade the
house of Phar'a6h and the houses of his sewants and all the land of Egypt, The land came
to ruin as a result of the gadflies.' " Fin~lly-Ps%:dS
Ps 103.91
Phar'aoh calI& Moses and Aaron and said:
"Go,= sacrifice t o YOZX Gade in the land." gWut
!;TI
Moses said: "It is not adrnissiblc t o do so, because we would sacrifice to Jehovah our Gocl R
thing detestableAto the Egyptians. Suppose we $:; :1$
would sacrifice a thing detestableo to the Egyp O1-@ 18:2z
~ , , ~ : : l ~

"I%

nF;

flebrew, ~~.o.Aim';LACY,T k e . o ~ jh. Or, "worship."

"dog-fly.'! d Or, "I,Jehotdt, am in the rntdst of the InntE." " ~ o d , ' ~
I-Ichren-, E?-o.hi~k'. TfLXXSy, frJ~horab
l'DVR QOd!'
a fled,"

:4

tians before their eyes; would they not stone

US? =: IT'l'eshall go R journey of three days; into
=-U
the n4dernc3ss and nlle sllnll definitely sacrifice3
+$;gi2 to Jehovah our God j t ~ s tas he has said to us."'
28 Phar'aoh now snid r "1-1 shall send YOU
away, and YOU will indctld sacrifice to Jehovah
YOUR God in the wlldcrness. Only do not make
it quite so far away Ihnt r+ouare going, Make
2' ; $::& supplicationVin my behalf," go Then Moses said:
"Here I am going farth from you, and I shall
indeed
make atpplication to Jehovah and the
;F4 :$;kg
~ c ~ 2 - 1gadflies will certainly turn away from P h d aoh, his semnts m d his people tomorrow.
"Ps78:36 Only let not Phar'aeh trifle' again in not sendJer42.20
ing the people away to sacrifice to Jehovah."
gg?
aEX
E x9
8 :x?t 2 aoAfter that Moses !vent out from Phafaoh
5%lP:lg
32.11 and made supplication to Jehovah." B' So Jehw
. i n s 5:16 vah did according t a Moses' ryord and the gad* I TIC 135
flies turned away from Phar'aoh, his servants
,125 5 2 7
I JLS 4:21
and
his people,' Not onr! was left. " However,
pp2s:,4
Phar'aoh
made his l~eartunrc~ponsive~
this
fi;yiz7
P.o9:18
5:1
time also and did not send the people away.
Ex 8:l
Consequently Jehsvnh said t o Moses: "Go
Eu 10:3
Jer 22:l
in to Phar'aoh and you must state to him:
(Ek423
'This
is what Jehovah the Gocl of the Hebrews
,% y:,
has
said:
"Send my peopleEaway that they may
:Sa 5:G
me. 'But if you continue ref11sing"to
I S ~
Job
2-'11
G : sen7ea
~
send them away and you are still lreeping hold
PS 39 'io
dtc 13:11
of them, " loolc! Jehov~h'shand;' Is corning upCEX 13:3
on your livestock that js in the field, On the
horses," the asses, the camsls,3 the herd and
the flock there will be a very heavy pestilence.
And Jehovah mill certafnly make a distinction*
EEY
ET 1023
8:n
Eu12:13
bettrpeenthe livestock of Ismel and the livestock
@Ex2 1 8

h,"w~fihip,"l'g,

''ofY~r~ n w i f i a cto.'"

EXODUS 9 :5-13

222

of Egypt, and not a thing of all that belongs t o

the sons of Israel will die." ' " Noreover, Jehovah set an appointede time," saying: "Tornorlww
Jehovah will do this thing in the land."
6 Acc~rdinglyJehovah did this thing on the
next day, and all sorts of Iivestocka of Egypt
began t o die," but not one of the livestock of the
sons of Israel died.O Then Phar'aoh sent and,
look, not so much as one of Israel's livestock
had died. Nevertheless, Phar'aohk heart con4:21
tinued to be unresponsive" and he did not send *Ex
Ex 7:3
D e 2:30
the people away.
Jos 11:20
8 After that Jehovah said to M o m and 1Sa 6:6
Aaron: "Take for yourselves both hands full of D a 5:20
soot from a kiln, and Moses must toss it toward
the heavens" in Phar'aoh's sight. And it must
become a powder upon all the land of Egypt
and it must become boilsn breaking out with
blisters upon man3 and beast in all the land of
Egypt,"
10 So they took t h e soot of a kiIn and stood
before Phar'aok, and Moses tossed it toward the
heavens, and it became boils" with blisters,
breaklng out on man and beast. And the magicpracticing priestsCwere unable to stand before
Moses as a result of the boils, because the boils
had developed on the magic-practicing priests
and on all the Egyptians, IZ But Jehovah let
7:14
Phar'aoh's heart become obstinate,+ and he did +Ex
E x 8:s
not listen to them, just as Jehovah had stated EE xX 102
14:X
to Moses."
Dc 230
Jos L1:20
13 Then Jehovah said t o IMoses: "Get up 1x0 9 3 8
early in the morning and take a position in front eEx 4:21
of Phar'aoh," and you must say ta him," 'This
is what Jehovah t h e God of the Hebrews has
a Or, ('and all the livestock,"

223

EXODUS 9 :1 G 2 2

said: "Send my people away that they may

serve
me. For at this time I am sending all
OEx 14:17
my 1 3 1 0 ~ against
~
your heartz and upon your
#EX 8:10
servants and your people to the end that you
gE
may know" that there is none like me in all the
:%",7,:
earth. l5 For by now I could have thrust my
2
;:i;
~ s 4x5 5
hand out that I might strike you and your peoIsa 46:9
pestilence3 and that y o u might be
*~Ex~ 14.17
e z ple
s : with
~
effaced from the earth. I q u t , in fact, for this
JOSP:II
causeIbavelreptyouinexistence,aforthesake
PS
, 83:iS
of showing you my power" and in order to have
Ps G5:9
my name declared in all the
Are you
Iaa 63.12
bin1 l : i ~ still behaving haughtilyAagainst my people in
ASob 9:4
h a ac:11 not sending them away? Here I am causing i t
to rain down tomorrow about this time a very
%
;;"'m10:5
:;:
heavy hail," the like of which has never occurred
in Egypt from the day it was founded until now.
'%And
now send, bring all your livmtock and
all that is yours in the field under shelter. As
for any man and beast that will be found in the
Q E x w field and not gathered into the house, the hailQ
will have t o come dorm upon them and they

I
I

will have t o die." ' "

20 Anyone who feared3 Jehovah'?

word
among Phar'aoh's servants caused his own
servants and his livestock to flee into the
houses,+ B1 but whoever did not set his heart*
+7',2$$
" 1 3 " ~ : ~ ~to have any regard for Jehovah's word left
his servants and his livestock in the field.
22 Jehovah now said to Moses: "Stretch out
"Egy
=Ex 10 5
,
:
,
, your hanca" toward the heavens, that haiI" may
:tE$, come on all the land of Egypt, upon man and
beast and all vegetationo of the field in the land
,~~~~~

,,,

Or, "I have preserved you." Or, "I halve let you remain." More
literally, "I have kept you standing." Compare Exodus 21:21.

225

of Egypt."

8 3 So Moses stretched out his rod

toward t h e heavens and Jehovah gave thunders
and hail,"and firemwould run down to the earth, ?g
and Jehovah kept making it rain down haiI upon the land of Egypt. a4 Thus there came hail;$;;;;;g ;;;;3
and fire quivering in among the haiI, It was ~ ~ 7 7 ~ 1 s
very heavy, so that there had not occurred any E,I$I:2
like it in all the land of Egypt from the t h e it
became a nation."' 2"d
tile hail went striking
;E ;g$
at all the land of Egypt. The hail struck everything that was in t h e field, from man t o beast,
and all sorts of vegetations of the field and it
10:m
shattered all sorts of treesb0of the field.* P8 Only OEX
APs 105:33
in the land of Go'shen, where the sons of Israel
4~
;;p
were, there occurred no hail."
EY 1023
Ex 11:7
27 Eventually Phar'aoh sent and called Moses =.u 1233
and Aaron and said t o them: "I have sinnedo $,":$:,8
this time.' Jehovah is r i g h t e o ~ s ,and
~ ~ I and -Cx23:7
+Nu2 2 3 4
15:34
my people are in the wrongnc es Supplicate' 1s.
1Sa 26:21
Jehovah that this may be enough of the occury~12;;4B
ring of God's thunders* and hail. Then I am m
PS 129:4
willing to send YOU away, and YOU wiIl not de- E'1?j27
Da 9:l-i
lay any longer."" ze SO Moses said t o him: "As
,,:,,,,,
soon as I go out of the cityDI shall spread my '~~;,,
hands up to Jehovah.= The thunders will stop
and the hail will not continue any longer, in #$;$;
order that you may know that the earthGbe- ;J:;;~+,
9dx13;12
longs to J e h o ~ a h . ~ ' As for you and your serv- nh~1f$2~
ants, I know already that You will not even then dp"$;1"4;
FS ti092
show fear because of Jehovah God."4
PS 95:4
31 As it was, the flax and the barley* had been 0;cm&Q&6
struck, hecause the barley was in the ear and + R U I : ~ Z
the flax had flower buds. 32 But the wheat0 and ~ RF n; X2.23
2j:z
the speltd3 had not been struck, because they 3g$,Fp
a Or, "all the vegetation." b Or, "all the trees," or, "every tree."

Or, "are misled."

"Spelt? a kind of wheat anciently cultirated,

EXODUS 9;33--10 :5

were seasonally Iate. 8a Moses now went out of

and
"
~ the~ city ~from ~Phar'aoh
~
a spread his hands
up
t
o
Jehovah,"
and
t
h
e
thunders
and the hail
Y;'Es,11l,f:$1 4 began to stop and raind did not pour
down on
the earth, 3i When P h a f aoh got t o see that the
rain and the hail and the thunders had stopped,"
*EX8:15
EC 8 2 1
*EX 4:21
he went t o sinning again and making his heart
E X 7:14
EX 18:s unresponsive,* Re as well as his servants. 35 And
F,"ST!Oa Pharkaohk heart continued obstinate, and he
did not send the sons of Israel away, just as
oEx4:13
Jehovah had stated by means of M ~ s e s . " ~
Ex 6.26
Then Jehovah said t o Moses: "Go in t o
Phar'aoh, because I-T have let his heart
and the hearts of his servants become unresponhive," in order t h a t I may set these signso of
QEx 7.4
mine right before hirn,h" and in order that you
Ex 9:16
l s n 4:s
may
decla~ein the ears of your son and your
Ro 9:17
+E.; 13,s son's sonc how severely I have dealt with Egypt
De 4:9
and m y signs that I have established among
D,6:21
them,' and YOU wilI certainly know that I am
;
,$; & Jehovah."(l'
3 So Moses and Aaron went in to Phar'aoh
and said to him: "This is what Jehovahv the
@E"7:5
EX 7:17
PS 83 18
God of the Hebrews has said, 'How Iang must
Ezc 3.1:30
ex16 28 YOU refuse to submit yourself to me?"Send my
Nu 14:27
For if
Pr 18:12 people away that they may serve me.
?&,:1": l1 you continue refusing to send my people away,
here I am bringing locusts" within your boundCEx 133
ariesQ
tornorrow.# U n d they wilI fairly cover
*Pi-30:27
J O 1.4
~
the
visible
surfaced of the earth and it will not
Re 9:3
be possible to see the earth, and they will sim-

10

,,,,,,,

*EX I):32-

ply eat up the rest of what has escaped,what has

left to YOU people by the hail,"* and t h e y

,J,E&?j,been

Litesall~,"by the hand of Moses." "These signs (of mine) among

them," X;rTJ; '"these signs upon thet~i," LJX. * O r , "and your
gr.andson," d Literally, &'theeye.'}

EXODUS' 10:6-12

227

226

will certainly eat every sprouting tree of om

out of the field. And your houses and the

once Moses stretched his rod out over the

land of Egypt, and Jehovah caused an east
Ps 78.26
windam to blow upon the land all that day and
~,,+g
all nighto The morningQarne and the east
De23:38
1 ~ 8:n
i
winda carried the Iocusts. l4 And the locusts"
~s . s S : a began to come up over all the land of Egypt and
Ps 10534
t o settle down upon all the territoryn of Egypt:
R e 8:3
)>Ex3 : 2 4
=EX 10:5 They were very burdensome." Before them there
had never t u n e d up in this way locusts like
them, and there will never turn up any in this
"Joe 2:2
way after them.* And they went covering t h e
visible surface of the entire land and the land
3p8105:35 grew dark, and they went on eating2 up all the
vegetation of the land and all the fruitc of the
'Lel9:23 trees that the hail had left, and there was
left nothing green on the treeso or on the vegetation of the field in all the land of Egypt.
jg?i+O 16 So Phar'aoh hurriedly called Moses and
Aaron and said: "I have sinned" against JehoFgB?"5:-i$
vah YOUR God and against
dnA"'
now par;S,
A
6;:l
.don:
please,
my
s
i
n
just
this
once
and
SUPPLI.EX S:S
-li-u
2~:21
Exr8.28
CATEO
Jehovah
YOUR God that he may turn
NU 21'7
rs11i:is away just this deadly plagueb from upon me.''
l a So he went out from Phar'aoh and made sup
6i!:'-Ex8:30
:i
pIicati~nt o Jehovah.' Is Then Jehovah made a
shift t o a very stid w e d windc and it carried
-Ex15:4
Neb 1 ~ 2 s
EX 8:13
the locusts away and drove them into the Red
-,Ex13:l.B
sea.dE@Not a single locust was let remain in all
=EX 4.21
E x 7:3
However, Jehovah
E, 9.13 the territory of Egypt."
Ei:iio let Phar'aoh's heart become obstinate," and he
did not send the sons of Israel atvay.
EX 8:s
21 Jehovah then said t o Moses: "Stretch"
Ex
GGe 41.6
EX lllzl

houses of all yow servants and the houses of

all Egypt will be filledDto an extent that your upsgi$l
fathers and your fathers' fathersa have not seen
it from the day of their existing upon the ground
until this day.' "A With that he turned and went AE; 2:j;
out from Phar'a0h.O
Joe 2:2
7 After that Pharhoh's servants said to him: ''%t??!n
~
"How long will this man prove to be as a snare0 3 E 23:33
t o us? Send the men away that they may serve
24:46
Jehovah0 their God. Do you not yet know that
Egypt has
So Moses and Aaron :g;g4
were brought back to Phar'aoh and he said t o
them: "GO,serve Jehovah YOUR God.* Who in *Ex
particularb are the ones going?" =Then Moses xDe 31,12
said: "With OUT young people and our old peo- PS 1&12
ple we shall go. With our sons a d our daugh- E$%:4
ters,"with our sheep" and our oxen we shall go, 'EX
for we have a festival3 to Jehovsh."'" lo In turn
he said to them: "Let it prove to be so, that
Jehovah is with you when I shall send YOU and
E;;~;~
YOUR little ones away!* See, on the contrary, BE^ 12:31
nXh32:1"
something evil is YOUR aimc' " Not so! Go,
please, YOU who are mend and serve Jehovah,
because that is what YOU are seeking to secure."
With that they were driven out from before
AEX 5:4
Phar'~h.~
E x l0:28
~:~~
12 Jehovah now said to Moses:' "Stretch0 3Ex
;Ex 7:19
your hand out over the land of Egypt for the
locusts, that they may mme up over the land
of Egypt and eatc up all the vegetationC of the
:!;&
land, everything that the hail has let remain."' -EX 10:s

;E

z;;x

:E

"something evil is in front of ~ o r a

faces."
men.''

Or,

"YOU

able-bodied

"A' t

--

,.,

"Kind." Hebrew, sll'ahh; L,XX, n'rle.mos; Vg, v a d t v s . See

Genesis 1:2, footnoted. b Literally, "this death." literally, "Jehovah turned a r + e pstiff mest Rind." See verse 13,footnotes. "Liter,\lly, "the weedy sea:' or, '.sea of reeds?'
a

Or,"?-ourgrandfathers." b Literally, "'OTho and wbod" Literally,

EXODUS 10:I S 2 1

sends you away altogether, he ttrtrillliterally drive

YOU out fmm here.' Speak, now, in the ears of
the people, That they should ask every man of his
companion and every nrornan of her companion
articles of silver and articles of gold,"" Accordingly JehovahCgave the people favoro fn the eyes
of the Egyptians."The man Mos~s,too, was very
great in the Imd of Egypt In the eyes of P h d aoh's servants and in the eyes of tlre people.c
4 And Moses went on to say: "This is what
Jehovah has said, 'About midnighto I am going out into the midst of Egypt,', and every Rrstbarnh in the land of Egypt must die," from the
first-bornn"of Phar'aoh \vho is sitting on his
throneb to the fimt-born of the maidservant3
twho is at the hand mill and every first-born of
beast. G A n d there will certainly occur a great
outcry* in a11 t h e land of Egypt, the like of which
has never yet occurred and the Iilre of which
will never be brought ~bo11tagnin. ' But against
any of the sons of Israel will no dog190sharpen
Its tangueIm3from man to beast, In order that
YOU peopIe may h o r n that Yehov~hcan make
a distinction" bet\xyeenthe Egyptians and the
sons of Israd.' %d all these scrvmts of yours
will certainly come down to me and baw dotm
to me,saying: 'Go, you and all the people who
follow your steps.' And after that I &hall go
o u t . " W i t h that he went out from Phartaoh
in the heat' of anger.
9 Then Jehovah said to Moses : "Phar'aah will
not listen to YOU men,=in order for m y wonders
to be increased h the land of Egypt." lo And
Moses and AaronGperfumed all these wanderso

your hand out towyard the heavens, that darkness3may O C ~ over

F
the land of Egypt and the
darkness may be felt." " Mows lmrnedintely
slrstched his hand out toward the heavens, ~ n d
R gloonry darknessn began t o occur In all the 3g;z1:1"1
land of Egypt for t h e days. 'T11ey did not see g;Fpm
one another and none of them got up from his .EX s.22
4
ow^^ place three days, but for
the sons of EE~x "11.7
r~raelthere p m v d to be lighte in their d~lell-,F::$i3
ingsS3*=+ After that Phar'aoh called Moses and :E* ra:m
said: "Go, SERVE J e h o ~ a h .Only
~
YoZrR sheep
and YOUR oxen will be detained,+ YOUR little 'Gf14::23
ones also may go with YOU."' " But Moses said : "*
"You yourself will also give into our hands
sacrifices*and bummts ofEerings, ns we must ren - ;$xFF12
der them t o Jehovahc o w God. : a d our live- :nc l:6
stack will also go with us.# Not a hoof will be *fi1232
allowed to remain, because it is from them that
we shall take some to worshipal' Jehovah our pDe1P:f"
God, and me ourselves do not know? what we
shall render in worshipb to Jehovah until our
arriving there.''* 2 r At this Jehovah let Pharc , 'Pr3'9
aoh's heart become obstinate and he did not
consent to send them
" S o Phar'aoh
CE!;g
s ~ i dto him: "Get out from me!' Watch your- EX l i : 4
R e 8:20
scll! Do not try t o see my face ~ g n l n because
,
R e 1631
""
'":"I
on the day of your seeing m y face you will dle."
I T 0 tl~lsMoses said: "That is the WRY you
have spoken. I shall not try t o see your face

"

RllY IIIOSC.""

And Jehovah proceeded ta say to Moses :

"One plague3 more I am going to bring
upon Phar'aoh and E m t . After t h a t he wilI
send vclu away fl-orn here,' At the time he

-ExB 2 3 1

He'b L1:n

11

Or, "serve." b Or, " s ~ n i c e . ' ~

12:~

''Do 4:34
32:a
2%

"Will no dog snnrl with bis tongue," LXX; "will no dog bark,"
Tg. Compare J ~ s h l ~10
a : 21.

EXODUS 12:1-8

230

231

before Phar'aoh, but Jehovah would kt P h d aoh's heart become obstinate so that he did
not send the sons of Israel away from his land. *g;;,3,;oi;o
Jehovah now said t o Moses and Aaron ,;;;;?8,
in the land of Egypt: ' "This month will
;;;;;
be the start of the months for Y Q U . ~It will be E;
L~
the first of the months of the year for YOU. $gii"
Speak to the entire assemMyO of Israel,' say:!;!Q
ing, 'On the tenth day of this month they are
to take for themseIves each one a sheepao for 'EX13:13
13:3
the ancestral house,' a sheep to a home.' But -EX~21:s
t
if the household proves t o be too small for the 4,"h1g322
sheep, then he and his neighbop close by must
take it into his house according to the number
of souls;bo YOU should compute each one proporE
tionate t o his eating as regards the sheep, The De g;
17:l
sheep should prove to be sound, a rnaIe, a year 27"'$:
old, f o YOUP
~
You may pick from the young Hp",";?:
ramsc or from t h e goats." And it must con- "Ex 2 5 4
time under safeguard by YOU until the fourteenth d a p of this month," and t h e whole con- 3 ~ 1 3 : 3
gregationO of t h e assembly of Israel must 5EX1k3
slaughter it between the two evenings.d" And -Le 23:5
lg:ls
they must take some of t h e blood and spIash"it: g;
upon the two doorposts and the upper part of g;;;;;:
the doorwayf belonging t o the houses in which *gig
they will. eat it.*
H O1o:14
~
8 li 'And they must eat the flesh0 on this f'p",*;$=
night. They should eat It roast with firea and ",g
:$:!
-a "Sheep." Hebrew, sek; LXX,pvo'ba.fon ("sheep>'); Vg, ag'nus

12

;:z

;:;

;;z2

('lamb'" b Or, L'persons.l'Kehrem, seph%ssk, in the plnral number ;

LXX>psy.cAdl (plural). Or, 'Ithe male la&hsnl' "Beheen the two
evenifigs,'' According to some auhhoritiea, as well as tho Ka'm.ite
Jms and Bamnritans, this is the time between sunset and deep tmilight. The Phnrisees nnd the Rabbinists considered it otherwise: the
first evening to be when the s ~ m
began to dabend and the second evening to he the real sunset Literally, ''give!! f Or, "and the lintel."
).

135
7;;:";

1Co 3 7
DD@ls:7

Am34:W
Le 7.15

g ;5y

EXODUS 12:9-16

with unfermenteda cakesa dong with bitter

greens.* 9 0 not eat any of it rawb or boiled,
cooked in water, hut roast with fire, its head
together with its legs a n d its interior park.'
And YOU must not leave any of it over till
morning, but what is left over of it until morning YOU should burn with fire." lLAnd in this
way YOU should eat it, with YOUR hips girded,'

YOUR feet and YOVR staff in YOUR

hand, and YOU must eat it in haste. It is Jehovah's p a s s ~ v e r .I*~A n d I must pass* through
zE::ii5
E E x 13~21 the land of Egypt on this nighta and strike
x-12:2~
every first-born in the land of Egypt," from
c b l 8 : 1 1 man t o beast, and on all the godsC3of EgyptU
mxm:26 I shall execute judgments. I am Jehovah.""
O L E 16:14 l3 And the bloodc must serve as YOUR sign" up3Ex 139
*xu =:4
on the houses where YOU are: and I must see
lSa 6 : s
I C 14:1a
~
the blood and pass over YOU: and the plague
Isa l q m l will not come on YOU as a destruction when 1
J,, i3':13
strike at the land of Egypt.
.$gz.&Z
DHeb ' l : a g
14 '' 'And this day must serve as a memorialo
1 3 5 for YOU, and YOU must celebrate it as a festivala
;:E
:,T: to JehovahVhroughout YOUR generations.' As
a statutep to timez indefinite YOU should celerm ~t 20~2s
x
RO 5:9
b a t e it, Seven days YOU me to eat unfer1Jo 1 ' 7
mented cakes only. On the first day YOU are to
c~.c~il:as
take away fermentationc from YWR houses, because anyone eating what is fermented,f from
, ,*
the
E3;i5 first day down to the seventh,' that sodc
'fi; i:ii4 must be cut off from Israel.* l 6 And on the first
day there is to take place for YOU a holgP eon2:
~ L U12j35

"I4

sandals on

Q&

,,:,

z::!

" Or,

"yenstless bread; unlearened bread." b Or, '%al-don~.''

t"Gods.v Hebrew, d.o.ltim', the plural of sl.ofrrh, to denote more
than one god of the Egyptims. d Or, ''celebrate it as Jehovah's
festiv~l." Or, L'yenst; leaven.', f Or,
g "Soul." Hebrew,
r~eph'esh; L X X , psy.chf7; Iig, a1qai.vna.

EXODUS 12 :17-23

232

ventiona3 and on t h e seventh day holy con- :h:$;&

~ e n t i o n . ~No
" workz is to be done on them." :;j$;i
~
Only what every soul needs to eat, that alone 1 : m:10
Fu :15::!
may be done f o r YOU.

3fr l i : 3

17 " "AndYOU must keep the festival of unfermented cakes," because on this very day I *f.;,"zjE
must bring YOUR armiesz out from the Iand of Or<\:12:41
Egypt. And \-ow must keep this day throughout
YOUR generations as a statute to time indefinite,
""I the first month on the fourteenth day of
the month in the evening YOU are t o eat unfermented cakes down till the twenty-first clay
of tile month in the evening.= '"Seven days no
%;!
fernentation is to be found in yozrn houses, be- '2:;11:15
cause anyone tasting what is fermented, whet h- :::; :2
ex he is a temporary" resident or a native; of ?tj;
the land,' that soul must be cut OR from the
\ j ; ;y;a
assembly of Israel.42o Nothing leavened are sot1 ~c n:?:c
to eat, In all POUR d\vellingsmY
YOU are t o cat un- '":' %':$
fermented cakes,' "
21 Promptly Moses called all the older men
of Israel' and said to them: "Draw out and take "2
!:;!
Tor yourselves s m d cattleh according to \*OUR
families and slaughter the passover victim."
s:z
'zAnd YOU must take a bunelz of hyssop' and iiz:::l
dipc it Into the blood in a basin ~ n strike
d
upon ;:k ~~~;~~
the upper part of the doorway and upon llle :i:l'i;::y;
two doorposts some of t h e blood t h a t is in t h e *l;::,;j;
bmjn, and none of YOU should go out of the en- Ilrt> I I ~ I P
trance of his house until morning. ''I Then when
Jehovah does pass through t o plague3 the Egyp- 3Ex30:12
tians and does see the blood upon the uppcr
part o f the doorway and npon the two doorposts, Jehovah will certainly pass over the enOr, "con~ocntion," Or, "tnke far ~ O ~ I ~ S C E V P ~sheep nnd goats."
* Or, ''immerse ; haptize.'"T,
bnp'triw.

z:l ::;;s

EXODUS 12:24--33

233

trance and he mlll not allow the destruction to

enter into YOUR houses t o plague sou."
~$+z:aS

*%?;I6

# ~ ~ 2 3 : 4 24a'And~oumustkeeptlristhine:asare~De i 6 : l
and your sons to time indefinite.'
2 3 : ~1ati0n'forym
~

Zz And it must occur that when YOU come into

the land that Jehovah wjll give You just as he
13.5
has stated, then uov must keep this ~ervice.~"
0 Ex 13:s
De 6:-i
ZG And it must occur that when YOUR sons say
Jos 4.6
to you, 'What does this service mean to YOU?'^
p, 7816
&:y2 z 7 then you must say: 'It is the sncrifice a the
pasover to Jehovah,' ivho passed over the hous'k
:$$5
lco 5.7
es of t h e sons of 151-aelin Egypt when he plagued
""35:9
the Egyptf ans, but he delivered3 our houses.' "
P E X ~ : ~ I Then the people bowed Eobv and prostrated
k%h~?'m themselves.@:'Subsequent1y the sons of Israel
went and did just as Jehovah' had commandeda
:'lfeb
E: :$+6
ll:= Moses and Aaron.' They did just so.
29 And it came about t h a t a t midnight Jehovah struck every Rrst-born in the kind of Egypt,
"Exl5:le from the Awt-born oP Phtlr'nol~"sitting on his
: , ' ~ ~throne2
~ ~ j ~t oat h e lirst-born of the cnptive who
was in the prison hole," and every first-barn of
X
13
U7851
":~
1% 105:36
FS
1.5:s beast." Then Phas'aoh got up at night, he and
iBs
is610 dI his servants and a11 other Egyptians, and
- 7Iob I1:athere began arising a great outcry among the
Egyptians,"kcausc there mas not rt house where
.Ex".a
&2$i:
there was not one dead.B '' At once he called:
; EX 10:29
~ . v l - ? . l n &losee and Aaron by night and said: "'Gct up,
:.EX 3:m
get out from the midst of my people, both YOU
I:x 6:1
and the other sons of Israel, and go, sewer JehoI.:X I O : ~
vah, just as YOV h ~ v stated,"
c
x T ~ l <both
e
ow.
12:
1
"0'
j
1
38
''Ex 34:3 flocksDand YOUR herds, just as You have stated,
PI,:K
and go.' N s o , you must bless0 me besides.".;,"sfzo
33 And the Egyptians began t o urge the peo,
Or, '.feature of worship." Or,"tbc pcnitr~ltiiarg."L i t e r s l l ~ "the

CChl 2 3 4

Heb8:13

"e,::~,

llousc o f the Pietern."

Or, ''lro~~sElil).''

EXODUS 12:34-40

234

ple in order t o send them away quickly out of

the land," "because,'"they
said, "we are all as
good as dead!H'S4 Consequently the people carried their flour dough before it was fermented,
with their h e a d i n g troughs wrapped up in their
garmentso upon their shoulder. " "An the sons
of Israel did according t o the word" of Moses in
that they went asking from t h e Egyptians articles of silver and articles of gold and garments."
Jehovah gave the people favor3 in t h e
eyes of the Egyptians so that these granted what
was asked, and t h e y stripped t h e Egyptians:
37 And the sons of Israel proceeded to depart
from Rarn'e.seso for Suc'coth,' to the number of
six hundred thousand able-bodied men on foot,
besides little ones." 3%d
a vast mixed company"" also went up with them, as well as flocks
and herds, a very numerous stock of animals,
'3"Andthey began to bake the flour dough that
they had brought out from Egypt into round
cakes of unfermented bread, because it had not
fermented, for they had been driven out of
Egypt# and had not been able t o linger and, too,
they had not prepared any provisions for themselves.
40 And the dwelling of the sons of Israel,'
who had drveltc*in Egypt, was four hundred and
Or, "And many aliens (strangers)." b Barn adds : '(and their father<' = "Who had d ~ e l t , ' 'The verb here is i n the plural ~nuznber,
and the relative pronoun (a.sher') before it in Hebrew can applp t o
the "sons of Israel", rather than to the "rlwelling". The L X K (BK)
renders this verse (40) : "But the dwelling of the sons of Israel which
tiley [and their fathers. A] dwelt ill the land of Egypt and jn t h ~
land of Cn'nsan [was] four hundred and thirty rears long." Sam
rends: "in the land of Ca'naan and in the land of Egypt.'' Thus
LXX and Sam show t h a t the 215 years in C~'naanfrom Abraharu's
entr;r there until Jacob's entry into Egypt Rere induded.
a

235

EXODUS 12:41-51

thirty years.& And it came about at he end3

5 the four hundred and thirty years,' it even
of
bGef2:7 came about on this very d a y q h a t all the arrnies3 of Jehovah' went out of the Iand of
+EX 7:4
Egypt.' 42 It is a night for observance with regard to Jehovah for bringing them out of the
land of Egypt. With regard to Jehovah this
@Ex 1&14
night is one for observance on the part of dl the
De l 6 : l
rLe
xu29:14
~ 5 sons of Israel throughout t h e i ~gene~ations.~
De 16:2
43 And Jehovah went on t o say to Moses and
JOS 530
hIr 143
Aaron: "This is the statute of the passover:" No
,.?
C~ 2 2 ! x i
foreignersGmay eat of it.' 44 But where there
21:11 is any slave man bought with money,O you must
circumcise3 him." Then first he may eat of it.
:zi$$
E ~ h 2 : 1 2 4 5 A settlerb and a hired laborer may not eat of
OGe 1732
Ge17:23 it.' 4%
one house it is to be eaten. You must
nLe 2220
A N ~ B : I ~ not take any of the flesh out of the house to
pg$41$!$3 some place outside. And YOU must not break a
,
~
~ bone
~
~ in3 it."
6 4r All t h e assembly of Israel are to
' N u 9 : ~ celebrate i t b "And in case a temporary miNu 16:15
OLe 16 29 deny should resideCfor a while with you and he
must celebrate the passover to Jehovah, let
there
be a circumcisingc of every male of his,"
*g:;;%
First then he may come near to celebrate it,
and he must become like a native of the land.
OLe 19!23 But no uncircumcisedCman may eat of it. 4g One
OEX 33:9
law" is t o exist for the native and for the temporary resident who is residing far a while in
YOUR
"FU%F6 midst."'
E$%Fl 50 So all the sons of Israel did just as J e h ~
vah had commanded Moses and Aaron. They did
:
Eizz just so.* And it came about on this very day

g;;

,131,25

,,,

LiteraIlp, "son of a foreigner." Or, %ranger; immigrant."

The Heb~pwverb here is in the inhitive absolute, hence is impersonal and indefinite as to time.

EXODUS 13:1-9

236

237

EXODUS 13 :10-17

cEx23:13 prove to be in your r n ~ u t hbecause

that Jehovah brought the sons of Israel together
,~
by a strong
OM
with their armies out of the land of Egypt.'"
hand Jehovah brought you out of Egypt.O lfiAnd
?g
Ac 7:36
And Jehovah spoke further to Moses, mEx
E+Ex
g; $12
;;: 2.1 you must keep this statutem at its appointed'
time from year to year."'
saying: "'Sanctifyo t o me every male m 27:s
Ex 23:15
CNu 3 3 2
Le23:6
11 "And it must occur that when Jehovah
first-bornQ that opens each r-vomb2among the OE
u 3220
13e lG:3
brings
you into~
the land' of the Ca'naanites just
15:18
sons of Israel, among men3 and beasts. It I s '
~ ~E: i;:;, ~as he has
~
NU 8 : ~
sworn t o you and to your forefathers,"
mine."o
Nu 18:15
and when he does give it to you, l2 then you
3 And Moses went on to say to the people: E; &;9
g,Y22f;g:,PJ must
devote everyone that opens the womb t o
"Let there be a rememberingaEAof this dayS on
EX
3k19
w;
Le
27
26
Jehovah,
and every firstling, t h e young of a
which you went out of Egypt, from the houseC
h'u 8.1;E ;1Ci13:g
~e li:h beast, which will come to be youlr;. The lnales
of slaves," because by strength4 of handa Jeho- CEX
Lu 2 2 3
OEy 32:26 belong to Jehovah,'' 13And every firstling as3
vah brought YOU out from here. So nothing fer,
1
,
2
;
:
i
2
mented may be eaten. ' Today YOU are going OE;;&
zg; EiF you are to redeem3 with a sheep,3 and if ycu
will not redeem it, then you must break its neck,
out in the month of A'bihb+ And it must occur + g;p5
~
And every first-born of man among your sons
that when Jehovah will have brought you into
E;:Q;23:23
:S
the Iand of the Ca'naan.ites and the Hit'tites" 3~~
f*;f5 you are t o redeem."
LU 2:23
34:11
14 "And it must occur that in case your son
and the Arn'or.itess and the Hi'vites and the
Re 14 -f
*Ex12:26 should inquire of you later on," saying, 'What
Jeb'u.sites, which he sworeCt o your forefathers
B:
De 6:2a
does this mean?' then you must say to him: 'By
Jos 4 6
t o give you,' a land flowing with milk and ,E;,6;FT
PS 145:4
strength
of hand Jehovah brought me out of
27:19
honey," then you must render this servicecOin
Egypt, from the house of slaves. I" And it came
this month. "even days you are to eat un2x15
about that Phar'aoh showed obstinacy toward
fermented~cakes," and on the seventh day is a pV Ex
E X 12:15
sending
us away and Jehovah proceeded to kill
festivalp to Jehovah. Unfermented cakes are t o
;:,fs
every first-born in the land of Egypt, from the
be eaten for the seven days, and nothing fer12:29 first-born of man to the first-born of beast,"
mented is to be seen with you, and no fermentation is to be seen with you within all your ~
~
'
1 That
~ is why
~ I am
~ sacrificing to Jehovah all the
males that open the womb, and every first-born
b~undaries,~'
BAndyou must tell your son on EEZi:;
L E x 6:6
of my sons 1 redeem." "' nd
it must serve as
that day, saying, 'It is because of this which g;,l$39
Ex 1312
Jehovah has done to me when I came out of pre;?418
a sign upon your hand and as a frontlet band
Egypt.': %d it must serve far you as a sign? ~ fi it: 5
F;sls between your eyes,' because by strength of hand
filt23:s
Jehovah brought us out of Egypt."'
upon your hand and as a memorial0 hetween ;g:?+ii:z
+Ex 6.1
~e 26:s
17 And it came about at the time of Phar'your eyes3' in order that Jehovah's law0 may
aoh's sending the people away that God did
a Co~npareExodus 20 : 8, footnote1. blLIenning "peen cars"; the
"EX18!8 .not lead them by the way3 of the land of the
ears I~eingalready ripe, but still soft. The month so named falls
mx23:31 Phi.lis'fines3 just because it was near, for God
partly in JTarch and partly in April. After the Serrs' e d e in Bl~hy-

13

E;

'z

zE

Ion the ntonth came t o be called Si'san.

Or, "feature o f worship."

Liternlly] ('from days to days."

EXODUS 13 :18-14:4

238

239

said: "'It might be the people w'ill feel regret? qi.'F$J!i(aa

when they see war9 and ivill eertaiflly return
;,;iq{l
to Ewpt."' hence God made t h e people go rjc x!.~i
roundabout by the w a y of the n.lldernessc of the 4..%71';?Z22
Red sea." But it was in battle formatjsnm t h a t
?;;'in
the sons of Israel went up out of the lmd of 2$;;.:,7
' x 15:l
Egmt.' lPAnd Moseso was takin~ Joseph's? !L
xtl 1:111
banes with him, because he had made tlie sons
(

of Israel solemnly swear, snylng: "God will

without fail turn his attention t o rau, and YOU
must take m y bones up out of here with YOU.""
j
' And they proceedeil to depart from Suc'coth
and to encamp at E'tham at the edge of the

01:s r-:ni

uE:,sIz2

'NU 33:e
tvflderness."
21 And Jehovah was going ahcad of them in
the daytime in a pillar2 of cloudp to l e ~ dthem PEX14:m
by t h e may and in the nighttimeCin a pillar of CE*m:m
fireC to give them light t o go in the daytime:j:: $'$$:
and nighttime.' Z a The pillar of cloud would not $;: y;;?
move away from before the people in the d ~ y -;;;i;:4
time nor the pillar of fire in the nighttime,' ~
;:;I
Jehovah now spoke t o Moses, saying::;)~
"Speak to the sons of Tsr~el,that they
should turn back and encamp before Pi.h~.hi'rath5 between Migdol' and the sen In view of
i:j+s
Ba'al-ze.phon. In front of it vow are t o encamp hJ~r61.1:l
by the sea. 'Then Phar'aoh mill certainly sayu " E k 3 q 3
respecting the sons of Israel, 'They axe wanderm:21
ing in confusion in the land. The wilderness has ,2x7;:;;
closed in upon them." So I shall indeed let ;;;;
Fhar'aoh's heart become obstinate3 and 11e will A;;;
certainly chase after them and I shnll g e t glary I.!; ~ $ : I I
for myself by means of Phar'aoha and all his i:
military forces, and the Egyptians will, certainly i;;';;:;
* "It1 hnttte formatian": thnt is. like nn nlmp In Rvc parts, with n

14

v;;

rmn, n rmr, a main bod;^, srtd two w i n g ,

=Ex7:5
EX 14:p
&
%
:
.
,
Lze nz:15
X Z B2 6 5

EXODUS 14:5--11

know that 1 am Jehovah."' Accordingly they

did just that.
5 Later it was reported to the king of Egypt

that the people had run mtay. Immediately the

heart of Phar'aoh as well
his servants was
tEx 12:33 changed regarding the peopIe,O so that they
PslC15:2S
said: "'What is this that we have done, in that
ive have sent Isrnel away from slaving for us?"
nExfS:19
SO he proceeded to make 11is w ~ r :chariots
+Ex14:23 ready, and he took his people with him.'
And
he proceeded t o t ~ k esix hundred select charand all the other ch~riotsof Egypt and
'B~p~~:lVotSe
Ps M:7
warriorsn
upon every one of them. ' Thus JehoPs 68:17
-EX4321
vah
let
the
l~eartof P h d a o h the king of Egypt
Ex 7:3
D ~ ~ : X Ibecome obstinate," and he went chasing after
J o s 11:m
mesons of Israel, while thesonsof Isl-aellvere
PSa6:6
going out with uplifted hand." I' And the Egyp:
33:3
tians went chasing after them, and all the char' ""15:gl
i o t horseso of Phaldnoh and his cavalrymen3
' Ex 1529
and his military forces were overtaking them
while camping by the sea, by P18ha.hi?roth in
*Ex1 5 3
vie~vof Ba'al-ze.phon."
Joa 2 4 5
10 When Phar'aoh got close by, the sons of
Israel began to raise their eyes and here the
Egyptians were marching after them, and the
sons of Israel got clui t e afraido and began to
cry out to Jehovah." And they began t o say
;y&z:n
~ s 3 4 : 1 7 to Moses: "Is it because there are no burial
Ps 10i:6
Ex 2 2 2 places at all in Egypt that you have taken us
16 3
t h e wiilderncss?" What is this
E~ 17.3 here t o dje-n
that
you
have
done
to us In leading us out of
$U:,:
Eze 23:9

Eze 3 G : B

;,Ex%?
I

lj
L X X , Y ~ i ~ ~ t n ' t r sIdterally,
~..
'.Warriors." Wd~rev, ~ l i n . l i ~.;!.aP;
"third men." Tlmugh R p p t i n n rnnnumPllts u ~ ~ ~ ndo
l l ynot ehnw it,
three men rode in s wnr chnriot, otlr nf nbllorl~
nlunrqed the horses
wliile the other two fought froin t h e ctlnr~ot.Awyrinn has-reliefs
~ h n wone of the thwr c'tinriot n~cupnntsto hc nn nrmar-bearer or
~~r~rhmlla-bearer,
n third tnnn.
a

EXODUS 14:12-20

Egypt? " Is this not the word we spoke t o you

in Egypt, saying, 'let us alone, that we may OEX 5:21
Ex 5 : 9
serve the Egyptians'? For it is better for us to +Nu
14.9
serve the E-vtians than for us t o die in the ~c m:3
2Ch 20:15
wilderness,"' ' T h e n Moses said to the people: Ps 2 7 3
66:2
"'Do not be afraid.' Stand firm and see the sal- Ps
Isa 41:lO
15.2
vation3 of Jehovah, which he will perform for OEY
@Ex 16:30
155
rrou today, For the Egyptians whom YOU do see Ex
Es l5:19
today YOU will not see again, no, hever again? Nc 9:11
YDe 1:30
l4 Jehovah will himself fight for YOU' and YOU
De 20:4
Jos 1034
yourseIves will be silent."
2Ct1 20:29
Ne
15 Jehovah now said to Moses: "Why do you Isa 4:20
31:4

keep crying out to me?' Speak to the sons of #Jos 730

Israel that they should break camp. l6 As for
4:2
you, lift up your rod" and stretch your hand out *EX
Ex 4.m
Ex 7 : l Y
over the sea' and split it apart, that the sons of W e 9.9
Lsrael may go through the midst of the sea on ~ E 4:21
Y
7:13
dry land. As for me, here I am letting the Ex
Ro ll:8
hearts3 of the Egyptians become obstinate,' 3Eu 15:8
that they may go in after them and that I may OEu 9 3 6
15:11
get glory for myself by means of Phar'aoh and Es
Ex 18:11
Ne
9
31
all his military forces, his war chariots and his Isn 231
Ro 9:17
cavalrymen." l* And the Egyptians will certain- +Ex
7:s
ly know that I am Jehovah* when I get glory Eu 14:4
Ps %?:I8
for myself by means of Phar'aoh, his war char- Eze 26:6
Eze 28:9
iots and his cavalrymen."
Eze 3623
19 Then the angelemof God&who was going @Eu 23:20
16:13
ahead of the campz of Israel departed and went 3Eh
*Ex 23:24
3Ex
1G:lO
to their rear, and the pillarF of cloudJ departed mGe 48:16
from their van and stood in the rear of them.' EKuu 32:34
20*16
20 SOit came in between the camp of the Egyp- Da lo:11
GR 319
tians and the camp of Israel. On the one hand Re 12:7
aDe 4:11
it proved to be a cloud together with
%Ex 13:21
On the other hand it kept lighting up the night. S J o s 245'
a "God?' Hebrerr, hn-Elm-hint'; LA=, 740 Th%.osl.Con~pal'eGeneds
31 : 11,footnoted.

241

240

I
I

1
I

EXODUS 14:21-27

[And this group did not come near that group all
night long. *Ex 15:8
JOS 3:13
21 Moses now stretched his hand out over the
cSe n:ll
PS 74:13 sea, and Jehovah began making the sea* go back
5: :Ei! by a strong east winda all night long and con~ , " a l ~'verting
~ ; ~ ~ the sea basin into dry ground and the
3 E s 1 7 ~ watersCwere being split apart." a' At length the
sons of Israel went through the midst of the
2529 sea on dry land,' while the waters were a 1vaI1~
22 !:si to them on their rightc hand and on their left.
ns And the Egyptians took up the pursuit and
PS66:6
Nu
33:s
all the horses of Phar'aoh, his war chariots and
IPS
s n 7~:13
63.W
1co :o:~ his cavalrymen began going in after them, into
IE'3fi:the
9 midst of the sea.' 2 L And it came about during
the morning watchhmthat Jehovah began to
$;~$~l
look out upon the camp of the Egyptians from
within the pillar of fire and cloud and he went
'P,S,$;:$ 7 9 to throwing the camp of the Egyptians into
confusion." z 5 And he kept taking wheelso off
their chariotso" so that they mere driving them
with dficulty and the Egyptians began t o say:
PS 3 6
Ps46:9
Jer31:21 "Let us flee* from any contact with Israel, be*Job 11:20
PS 6s 12 cause Jehovah certainly fights for them against
the Egyptians."'
2 : 26 Finally Jehovah said to Moses: "StretchA
your hand out over t h e sea, t h a t t h e waters may
come back over the Egyptians,+their war char'p,"S%f%
Mt7:2
iots and their cavalrymen." Br Moses at once
stretched his hand out over the sea, and t h e
sea began t o come back to its normal condition
-hs44:18 at the approaching of morning: A
ll the while
the Egyptians were fleeing from encountering
it, but Jehovah shook the Egyptians off into
lr?l+ind."TIebrew, va'nhh; LLY, a'las.nlos; Tg, z . e ~ ' t l i s . Eee Gen&is 1 : 2: footnoted, b The third nnd lnst xntch according t o the He))rel~s,the % l ~ o ~ r ~ ~
i nagt c l ~
extending
"
from 2 t o 6 a m .

EXODUS 14:28--15:2

EXODUS 15 :3-9

242

3Ex 1 7 : s
* "Jehovah is a manly person of warmmJehothe midst of the sea? zS And the waters kept OEX lfi:l
0E-i 172
5:lO
vah' is his ~rnarne.~
coming hack.' Finally they cover4 the war m ~ ~ ~ ; ~ 625a
oPs 24:8
"PharJaohrschariots and his military forces
c ~ 11o
:6 ~
chariots and the cavalrymen he long in^: to all F;:!i;3
OEs 6:3
he has cast inlo the sea,'
of Phas'aoh's military forces and who hnd gone ;;
PS %3:13
Isa 42:s
And
the choice of his warriors" have
into t h e sea after them. h-ot so much as one
PS IP.13
-Ex 14.27
been
sunk in the Red sea.
among them was let remain."
I ' h IOC.JI
OET 1 4 5
1'9 13ti:l3
"The surgjng watersl' proceeded ta cover
I
29 As For the sons of Israel, they walked on W.:Y I 1.22
($ti:(\
them; donm they went Into the
dry land" in the midst of the seabed and the wa- I1's";77:90
a x2 0 s
deptl~slike x st on^,^'
ters were for them a wall on their right hand jI;',??j!$
*Ne9:11
and on their left." $0 Thus on that day J e h o v ~ h21;;jj~:~l;~
"Your rightz hmd," 0 Jehovah: Is proving
saved Israel from the hand of the Egyptians," :;h;Tl,J
*F. 1.5
I
itself po~verfutin ability,
and Israel got to see the Egyptians dead>on the cr.:~:?I.:{ b
PS m
.
5
trH, 1:)
PQ77:10
Your riaht hand, 0 Jehovah, can shatter*
seashore." " Israel aIso got to see the great hand hf:n
t n In
PS 80:15
m enemy.'
FS %+I
that Jehovah put in action against the Egyp- +'I:',!::&
Ps 1.19:15
' "And in the abundance of your superiority'
eEr 21.22
tiam, and the people began t o fear Jehovah and Fi;
* f 3 ~
30'13
I
you can throw down those lvho rise
1""'
to put faith' in Jehovah and in Moses his .:,1O
Jcr 17:14
E
E
x
9::6
QEx 3!?:13
up against you;'
1)e 33.3~
I
Ps 14S:13
You
send out your aery anger, it eats
OEX
'
:
'
l
fsa 3:16
At that time MosesC and the sons of
Lisa 3; 23
them
up Hke stubbleno
hhc 421
Israel proceeded to sing' this song to $' &,5&:1.
"And by a breatht" from your nostrilsa waooe 4:2$
I'R ~rrs:ia
Jehovah and t o say the followSng:
Ps 59:13
ters were heaped up;
I ~ 1P
53
freb 12.29
+Job 4:9
21.17
"Let me singpto Jehovah, for he has become
They stood &!I1 liIre n dam of f l ~ a d s ; ~
mHab ?:lo
BE% 14:17
The surging waters" were congealed in
highly exaIted."
1<T 1R:lI
s.rg;z
the Izenrt'' of the sea.
The horse and its rider he has pitched
1
*Ex14:s
OEX m11
a "The enemy =id,
'I shall pulwef' I shall
into the sea."'
'?an 51:10
*Ex 14:9
overtake!"
I
17:la
I shall divide spoil! My soul will be filled
"My strength and my rnigbtR is Jah,bp since
with them!
he serves for my s a l ~ t i o n . ~
o h I3216
*rs
H:I
CEX
17:13
I
shall
draw my sword!' My hand will
''This is my God,& and I shall laud him;' my
l$i;
drive
them awcly!''
father's God,dnand 1 shall raiee him *2$'i4'

b;;h~z~~,

1:

15

on high.
* Or, pnsibly, "m;r mdody,"

I ~ i n?.1.1
flY,:v 2. 15

Earn md 3 Rehrew mnnnscripta.

TK.l r r 9lltnm
~
("my praise"). 'L'J~h.''Thin is ths flrst occurrrace aY
thia nnrna in Scriptwe. It i s an abbreviation fmm thtl nniw Jrhovfih,
a +'God."I I c h r ~ s ,El; L X X , TTte.os'. d "lied." Arb)~rrw,K t n . k i n ~ ' ;

LS9,Tlrr.oa',

warrior^,'^ See Exodus 14 : 7, footllotra, b " T l l ~surging wrtters.''

The pl~u-alnurnher of t'lrriwa, f t ~ s t f'oullrl n t CSanrni~X : 2. 'ITg,abysses." " "Brefith." Rehrelv, rtb'rtkk; L X S , P ~ I P H ' W L ~SPR
.
~c!lrsifi1: 2.
f o o t n ~ t e d ,d Or, "nngcr," *"TILOqucging \vntor%" Hebrew, tvadvnoth', the plural nulil1,er of f'krist. rrn toi~ndat 6enrqi~1: 2, w h m
see footnotec, f g, '*nhy~g(r~."Or, ('d~spo~sem
~~PIII.''

EXODUS 15 :1&16
lo

244

*gy;n

"You blew with your breath,"the sea mvered them;"

They sanP like lead in m~jestlcwaters.

" "Youwill bring them and plantd them in the

mountaino4 of your* inheritance,na
established placeh that you have
made ready for you t o inhabit,
0 Jehovah,
A ~anctuary,~'
0 J e h o v ~ h ,that
~ your
hands have established.

PS
IS& m
11:15
rr

An

cg;~;g
np
-godsa la like you, O Je- 'Et;?j:
@De3:24
w

12.4

"Who among the

hovah?@
De 33:z
Who is like you, proving yourself mighty ?;; :;&
in holiness?~ T C~I 5 3
The One to be fearede with songs of T:r?is~~
praise? t h e One doing marvels,
f,D,f:::F
"You stretched out your right hand," the FEE8
earthCproceeded t o sw~llowthem up. '-EX19.5
" #'YOU
in your loving-kindnessL3have lecl the E~;g,e
people whom you have recovered icm
;;67120
You in your strength will ccrtalnly con- ;
Jer I O : ~
t u 125
duct them t o your holy abiding E eb 12:s
*En 15.5
place.*
*F9 iR52
l1

EXODUS 15 :17-23

245

Pa 1M:9

"Peoples must3 hear,O they will be agitated; ;5?U7fs,7f4

Birth pangs mustdAtake hold on the in0 Isn 11:31
habitants of Phi.lis'tiaao
'"'At that time the sheiksco of E'dommwill :&",h&2i
.Ge 3 ~ : m
indeed be disturbed;'
1Ch 1:51
As for the despots of Motab,O trembling CNU 21.11
*XU 2 2 3
will take hold on them."
ME the Inhabitants of Ca'naano ~ 1 1 1In- S;J",",if55;5
JOS 5.1
deed be disheartened,'
Pa 68:2
Iu'FFght and dread3 will fall upon them," ODE
2 : ~
UDe 11:23
Because of the greatness of your arm J , , 2:s
they wiI1 be-motionless like a stone,* *lSa=:m
Untll your peopleoDpass by, 0 Jehovah, zg; ,;l;
Until the people urhon~you have pro- g 3 ~ g
ducedf pass by.
I4

,2zi0

* "OotFa."

nehren; e&im', the plurnl n a ~ ~ ~ ohf r elr ("gorl"), b Or,

"your l o g 1 love," a Or, L'reclni~~red
; rcdcc~r~crl!' "&Tu~t."Or, "will
cortninlr.," "Eheiks." See a e ~ ~ e s i 36
a : 16, faotnote". Or, '.aequi~~d.';
f

"Jehovah w i l l rule as king farever and

Ir

wer.da

"When Phartaoh'P horses3 with his warO

chariots and his cavalrymenmwent
into the sea,
Then Jehovah brought back the waters
of the sea upon them,"
While t h e sons of Israel walked on dry
land* through the mfdst of the sea."
20 And Mir'i-amo the prophetess,p Aaron'sQ
sister,Qaproceded to take a tnmbourIne in her
hand and all the women began going out with
18

Iicr with tambourines' and in dnnccs,eO And

Mir*i.am kept responding t o the men:
"Sings to Jehovah,' for he has b e m e
highly
The horseo and its rider he has pitched
into the sea,"'
22 Later Moses cawed Israel to depart from
the Red sea and they went out t o the wilderness3
of Shur* and marched on for three days in the
wilderness, hut they did not find water. :"n time
a Or, lcpossPasioa." * Or, "a site."
Snm and 86 Ilchrew manu-

scripts bere rend L'Jehovah'Qndead of "Lord" [fit, A.donnay').

See Ci~nesis1s:3, footnotea; alsa Esod~ls6:21, footnote'. d Or,
more literally "to time i n d e h i t e and ever," Or, "rannil dances."
#"The mctl," Literally, "them,'Qut in the mnsoulinn gender,
"Sing," 11; "Let as sing," L X X V g ,
+

EXODUS 15:24--16:3

246

they came to Ma'rah,* but they were not able to "Nu 33:8
drink the watera from Ma'rah" because it was "Ru
bitter. That is why he called its name Matrah.h A E x 16:2
173
P4 And the people began to murmu?
against Ex
N u 11:1
Moses, saying: "What are we to drink?" f i Then Jude10:10
16

he cried out to J e h o ~ a h and

, ~ Jehovah directed
him to a tree and he t h e w it into the water and +2~12:21
@EX16:4
the water became sweet.'
Dc 8:2
There He established for thernc a regulation f
;,";;!
and a case f o r judgmentmand there he put them "Ex 25.15
to the testsD2" And he went on to say: "If you
will strictly Iisten t o the voice of Jehovahc your YE,"232$4
God' and will do what is right in his eyes* and will E;
indeed give ear to his commandmentso and keep
%
;
all his regulations, I shall put none of the diseases* upon you that I put upon the Egyptians, "gg::i
because I am Jehovah2 who is healings you."n Fug&
21 After that they came to E'lim,* where n E ~ 2 a : 2 5
Fs 1035
there were twelve springs of water and seventy a u 33:n
palm trees. So they went camping there by the

z~

/->

water.

Later
16
to

they departed from E'lirn and the

entire assembly of t h e sons of Israel came
the wilderness of Sin,O which is between b3g,i:,
E'lirn+ and Si'naikoon the fifteenth day of the
gljo
second month after their coming out of the land
of Egypt.
2 And the entire assembly of the sons of Lsrael began t o murmura against Moses and Aaron GEtg$$
in the wilderness. And t h e sons of Israel kept ICO IO:IO
saying t o them: "If only we had died" by Jeho- *Nu 14:2
v&'s hando in the land of Egypt*while we were g
g g;u
sitting by the pots of meat,*while we were eat- * ~ 11:4
inF breadQto t h e full, because YOU have brought
igg

Fz

Orl tiwaters/' Meaning "Bitterness". "Them." Literally, ''him;'

or, "it," referring to "the people" of Terse 24.

us orat into this wilderness t o put this whole

congregation0 to deathg by famine.""
4 Then Jehovah said to Moses: "Here I am
1714 raining down breadLfor YOU from the heavens,"
"Ex 5:21
E X I ' ~ : ~ and the people must go out and pick up each
Nu 1633
his amount day for day,Qinorder t h a t I m a y
ue8:3
2.P.s 7824
rob 6:31 put them to the test' as to whether they will
in my lawg or not." And it must occur on
7% g;:! walk
the sixth day' that they must prepare whet they
'ggT
~ O J . ~will
O
bring in and It must prove doubleXwhat
ICo 10:s

OLe dm13

C R U lb:12
cEx
12

they keep picking up day by day."

6 So Moses and Aaron said t o all the sons of
1--i 12-51
Israel: "At evening YOU will certainly h o ~ that
v
GU
it is Jehovah who has brought YOU out from
la13 the land of Egypt." And in the morning3 You
pEx 24:X
2+:10 will indeed see Jehovah'sv glary,p3 because he
EK CF:34
has heard YOUR mumurings against Jehovah.
V U 9.6
Le
I~:IO
su I G : ~And what are we that YOU should murmur
against us?" U n d Moses continued: "It will
j;; ::i$o be when Jehovah gives YOU in the evening meat
to eat and in the morning bread to the full, because Jehovah has heard YOUR rnurrnurings
that you are murmuring against him. And
what are w e ? YOURm r m u r i n g s are not against
US, but against Jehovah."9 And Moses went on t o say to Aaron: "Say
lsa8:7
ISU 3z:e
to
the entire assembly of the sons of Israel,
?;;::;6
(XU l6:ls
'Come near before Jehovah,(' because he has
heard YOUR murmusings.' " Then it occurred
that as soon as Aaron had spoken to the entire
"EX 17:1 assemblf of the sons of Israel they turned and
faced toward the wilderness and, look! Jehovah's
7g13"::a91 glory appeared in the cloud.o+
11 And Jehovah spoke further to Moses, say:
"I have heard the mumuriPlgs of the
a i S1$:5
~t
: 1 1 ing:
wu l.i:27 sons of I s ~ a e lSpeak
.~
to them, saying,'Between

~ E Y
252
*Le 25:Zf

nEu 16:;

ea',%2Fl

EXODUS 16:13-20

248

249

the two eveningsa mu will eat meat' and In the 'M1a6

morning YOU swill be satisfied with bread," ~ n *&I6"
d
YOU will certainly know that I am Jehovah
*EX 4:5
YOUR God.' "*
E x 6:7
13 Accordingly it occurred that in the eve- ?$i7&
ning the quails" began t o come up and cover the :F
: FL:?
camp,' and in the morning there had developed
a layer of dew" round about the camp. '"n time PS rs:zi
the layer of dew evaporatedb and here upon the Ps 1 f i : ? O
;I>P:K:Jpi;
surface of the wilderness there was a Rne flaky= :
thlng.,O Anc like hoarfrost' upon the earth. F:.9
i 9;z4
In IVhen the sons of Israel got to see it, they be;2e1i:J6
gan to say to one another: " W h ~ t V lst ? " ~For .Nu21:5
Jos 512
they did not know what6 it wasmD
Hence Moses
said to them: 'Tt is the bread t h ~ Jehovah
t
Jo115:58
11a.s given YOU far food.o*l
~ is9 the
~ word
h tila& Lyb;!i3
Jehovaha has commanded, 'Pick up some of it, ?g',:"9:s4
each one in proportion t o his eating. You are
to take an ornerF*measure for each IndividualK *Ex 1 ~ 3 6
according t o the number of the souls that each
of you has in his tent.' "" And the sons of Israel 3~ 18:7
began t o do so and they went picliing it up,
somc gathering much and some gathering little.
*VYhcn tlwy lvouId m e m m it by the amer, he
that had gathered much had no surplus and he
that hnd gathered little had no shortage.' They '2Co 8:15
picked i t up each one in proportion t o his eating.
19 Then Moses said to them: "Let nobody
leave any of it until the rn~rning."~
:"But they '-Exl ? ?~12:10
.?:I8
did not ljsten to Moses. When s o m ~rncn ~vouid Irra:=
leave some of it until the morning it ~vor~ld
breed wormsa and stink? so that Moses became E:F6?g2

<fi;-z::",
:;;

m Or, '(nt evening," sce Exodus 13 :8 , footnoted. b LitwnNy, "nsc~nded." a Or, 4ncrncl;ling." d l'?nnt?" IIrbreir, wriira? By, w~u')tia'P
iLTl~cyaid to one another: .N'nrt?rtr?) which nigniilrs, Whnt is
thieY "Vg. f An otner equaled 9,38 U.8.q u ~ r te~Litrmlly,
.
c'skull*?J

EXODUS 16:21-31

IndignantQ at them." " And they ~ m l pick

d it
UP morning by morning,' each one in proportion
""S
'"la
t o his eating. When the sun:' got hot, it melted.
22 hnrl it came about on the sixth dny that
thcy
piclted up twice as much bread,'" two omer
:F:d$;:2 nMer?sLlr(?s
oEsxJ:"
EOF one person. So all the chieftainsno
or ille assembly came and reported it t o Moses.
" A t that he said to them: '"It is what Jehovah
has spoken. Tomorrow there will be a sabbath"
$i;i3
1,:s -11: 15 observanceb of a holy sabbath to Jehovah.*What
1.:X :I!r.3
I
:
YOU can bake, bake, and what you can boil,
nrr 2.7
L - 0 boi1,l and all the surplus that there is snve it up
*Sll 11 9
For YOU FIE something ta be kept untll the morning." *' Accordingly they saved it up until the
morning, just as M o s ~ shha commanded, and it
did not stink nor did wotrpls dwelop in it."
:"en
Moses said: "Eat it today, because tot:Es 78:23
day is a sabbath' t o Jehovah, Today YOU will
.
nor find it in the field. 3 9 S T days m u will, pick
:.!:
jt up, hut on the seventh CIRY1% a sabbath." On
"{:;$!:
it none wiI1 form," :; However, it came about on
!
, the seventh day that some of the people did
go out t o pick it up, but they found none.
28 Consequently Jehovah said to Moses:
'%ow Iorlg must TOW people M u s e to keep my
m x 20:tl cornmarrdtnents' and my la~vs?' Mark the fact
m ~1.1:11
u
has given You the mbbnth.' That
~ ! ~ $ ~ ~that
j X ' Jehovah
L
is
why
he
is
giving you en the sixth dny the
;1: yh;:js
hread
of
t
w
o
days,
Keep dtting each one in hjs
15f17:13
3 4 4.1 1
':41:13
1.i
orvn place. Let nobody go out from his locality
on the seventh day."' And the peopIe. proceed;;;e5*?~$
,
; ed to observe the Sabbathc on the swenth day."
1tLp 2J. i
31 And the house of Israel began t o call its
130 6:l 1
nccording to the R~brcm.C n n l p n r ~~ C I I P ~ 17
~ R : 20,
fl Or, a'~in%s.irl,"
1 0 ~

PSU 1G:l5
6 31

:z:

*E

"'f

I'ootnntoK. b Or, ''a e~thbaticak feast." a

Or, rLp~rocri*rlcd
to rcst!?

EXODUS 16:32-17

:3

'1

250

name "manna"." And it was white like corfander seed," and its taste was like that of flat
cakes with honey.* 32ThenMoses said: "'This
is the word that Jehovah has commanded, T i l l
an omer measure of it as something to be kept
throughout rrom generation^,^ in order that
they may see the bread that I made YOU eat in

mmnaac forty yearsm until their corning t o a land inhabited." The mannaa was what
they ate until their corning to the frontier of
the land of Ca'naan." * W o w an amer is a tenth
of an e'phah measure.*
And the entire assemblya of the sons of
Israel' proceeded t o depart from the
wildernessm of Sin* by stages, which they took
according t o the brderc of Jehovah,O and went
camping at Reghti.dim.= But there was no waterc for the people to drink.
2 And the people feIl to quarrelin& with
Moses3 and saying: "Give us water that we may
drink." But Moses said to them: '"Vhy are YOU
quarreling with me? CSrhy do YOU keep putting
Jehovah' to the test?"') And the peoplec went
on thirsting there for water, and the people kept
murmuring against Moses and saying; "Why is

17

It that you have brought us up out of Egypt to

put usB and oura sons and owa Iivestock to
'b16:a
death by thirst?"' 4Finnlly Moses criecl out t o
Jehovah, saying: "What shall I do with this
g$ people? A 1ittIc longer and they will stone me?"'
5 Then Jehovah said to Moses: ''Pass in h n t
of
the people' and take with you some of t h e
;
n~.:x 0.1')
older
men of Israel and your rod* with which
f ? K I 1 9 24
- X U29.n you struck the Nile river." Take it in your hand
IjC F1 15
d must walk on, "Look! I am standing
I # , Im 4 1 ~ n you
2t:n l l j .I
hefu~eyou there an the rocP in H ~ ' r e b . ~And
'
or.:,
C+I .\ :3.$
you must strike on the rock and wafer must
,
,
!
,:,,
I
l b 6 7 H : 1 5 come out of iq and the people must drink it.'"
1's 114 H
I s n . ~ ~ : ' " lSubsequently Moses did so under the eyes of
AlJe 9 2$
ai.;x 17
the older men of Israel.=* So he called the name
NIA211 I3
of the place Mas'sahcAand Merfi.bah" because
I ' ~819
of t h e quarreling of the sons of Israel and bedpstl5:8
cause of their putting Jehovah to t h e test,' sayI)@:{':'T
ing: "Is Jehovah in our midst or not?"@
Ar. 7:30
I
8 And the A.mel'ek.itespz proceeded to come
l)n'J!i:l-t
and
ilgl~tagainst Israel in RephtIadirn.*"At
this
I S R I5:Z
l'x8:1:7
Moses s ~ i dto Joshua: f w 'Choose men for us
fil.'u 5,1:13
and go out,' fight against the Aamal'ek.itesa
To; ; ; ; ; . ~$1 t
morrow I am stationing myself upon the top of
Ar- -i:4rj
n''Gfi"2:!li% the hillqc with the rod. of god^ in my band."
I n Then Joshuaf did just EIS Moses had said t o
[IF;\ 4:
him, in order to fight against t h e A.md%k.i.ites,
:g gi:, and Moses, Aaron' and Hur" went up t o the tap

@::f:
,

AFIcb !l:4
bE.u m:21

the wilderness 'cvhen I was bringing you out of Ex !!O:li

E x -1o::w
t h e land of Egypt.' " 33 SO Moses said to Aaron: k'u
l'i:10
I>?
'Take a jar and put in it m emerf ut of mannan 11th
s:9
x{::H
and deposit it before Jehovah as something: to 'Fu
l,c 8:')
be kept throughout YOLX generations. "A a" ust KL?:!:>I
1's 7h:24
as Jehovah had commanded Moses, Aaron pro- J,,II
(;: ;n
a1:x ?!~::?l
ceeded to deposit it before the Testimonyb' as a . 1 ~59~;5
Kc. 9:1.7
something t o be keptv And the sons of Israel CXu
1l:li
ate the

EXODUS 17;4--10

251

31:s 21 ::!
h j v !I :i:i;.U3
]>I?
1:R
I ) P J4 : I
h V s IG:lB
61.c 111::l
J'S l [i:2
N u ;l;i:12

nv;x 1:1:2

24131
2,i:i
hlKs 5.2:
b.5 111:;
Ku I,1:2
W.X

K U 211::1

@T;x ,l!l:l
CNu :1:9!1
37:s

'PI:.\

c,I,;sT.l:!l
oh'u I.!,?

r , ~ c6 : l b
1's 7H: 1s
1 9 <lr#4tl

I lllk:l4
t.io 'i:12

..

l i t dl:?
1.u 4:12

4 . l i a $ ~ ~ n By:
a,
m i i n , ALLXIStlmVg. b Or, "Ihmindcr"; thnc is,
the archi\-es for the safekeeping of important dncumcnh. literally, 'amtluth."

..

..

our,'' litcmlly, "me , , m~

, my," tPlat is,
"Us , our
w f r r r i n ~t o "the ~ P O ~ I P ' ' (PPCRC 21 n.9 Q unit. "EIo'r~Teh,'~not the
~no~nntnin
an wtiic?h the Ten Coril~nntldrnentss e r e given, but the
tnountnioo~~rrrrfion that n~ergetl with >fount Si'nai or Ho'reh.
a Mcnningd'T~trng;
T~inl'"d dlonning "Qunrreting; Strife; Cbnt~nlion".
Or, " h n ' ~ 1 ~ k , "in n colIrcti\-e sense. 1 The Hebrew h ~ r e
renth ".Yr.Ro~h'~z.n",~ n c ~ n "
i nJ c~h o ~ di s sslratinny" LA= wads
".lcnli~"('Iqoof~g).C ''Clad." Iiehrev;,ha-El.o.l~im'; LXX,Ira Tke.osJ.
Ct)hipnr@ C ~ C . ~ P S I R91 : 1 I., footnoled.

EXODUS 17:11-18: 3

252

af the hill. "And it occurred that as soon as

Moses would lift his hand up the Israelites
proved superior,O but as soon as he would let

EXODUS 18:4--11

name of one of whom was Ger'sh~m,~"

"because," he said, "a temporary3 resident I have
come Eo be in a forel- land"; and the name of
qCh
the other was E.li.e'zer,bql"because," to quote
him, "the God of my f ~ t h e is
r my helper in that
he delivered me from Phar"'aoh's0sword."'
5 So Jeth'ro, Moses' father-in-law,c and his
sons and his wife cnme t o Moses into the wilderness where he mas camping, ~t the mountain0
of C10d,d3 0 Then he sent word t o Moses: "I,e
~ K11~
Ex
I
8 :: l~l
3.1
your father-in-law,f Jeth%o,&Rm come t o yo^,
Ex 4'18
xu lb:29 and also your wife and her two sons with her.'"
At once Moses went on out t o meet his fatherand he proceeded to bow dstvn" and to
'EE; in-law,
kiss3
him
and t11ey each one began asking how
e,G~E;g
the other was getting along, After that they
e E x a 5 ~ went into the tent."
8 And Moses went t o relating to his fatheruNe 9 5 0
in-law all that Jehovah had done to Phar'aoh"
9:ll and Egypt on account o
f Israel,* and all the
hardship
that
had
befallen
them in the way,Ca
E:4
932
and yet Jehovah was delivering themV4 Well,
Jeth'ro was glad over ~ 1 the
1 good that Jehovah
PSu 35%
had
done
for
Israel
In
that
hr! had delivereds
tk44:23t
RO 15:10
COIISP~U~
>Ex m:~: themg from the hand of Egypt.'
Jeth'ro
~81d
:
"Blessed7
be
Jehovah
, who has
'$L1:iYB
Ps 4::13
delivered
you
from
the
hnnd
of
Egypt
and from
,:
the
hand
of
Pharhoh,
and
who
has
delivered
eF$hlz:il
the
people
fram
under
the
hand
of
Egypt.'
P,s,g:$
l1 NOW I do lrnow t h a t Jehovah is grestermthan
g;iz+6

'ExkE

OE*m:10

42aFf8

down his hand the A.rnal"ek.itesproved superlor,

When the hands of Mosgs were heavy, then
they took a stone and put it under htm and he
sat upon it, and Aaron and Nur supported his
hands,* one on this side and the otl~eron that * ~ ~ ~ ~ $ ! 1 2
side, so that his hands held steadya until the mn+;;:,9:,0;?!
sun0 set. l9 Hence Joshuab vanquished Arn'aJek cT:y 2 2 3
m d his people with the edge of the sword.m
%!;:%
: ~ l ~ : 1 ~
14 Jehovah now said to Moses: "Writec this ' I:U~ 3.1
27
as a memorid* in the book and piwpound it in
EE;
Joshua's ears, 'I shall completely blot out the
remembrance of Am'a.lek from under the h e w - y;;jg
isn
fim
7511 n 1 2
l 3 And Moses proceeded to build an + I . , ZD -1
a1tar7 and to call its name Jehovah-njs's1,c' 5':; $I1;?;
3-saying: "Because a hand is against t h e throne3 ,
d Jah,ph Jehovah will have wara" with Amra.lek

Ez

from generation t o generation,'l0

253

!r",;nc ?:IIV
;;

0I::x 1'1~8

eq

Now Jeth'ro* the priest0 of Mldti.an,@:;$$,:A

Moses' father-in-law,e got to hear about jz, Kiis
all that God had done for Moses and for Israel
his people, how Jehovah had brought Israel out
of Egypt. ? So Jeth'ro, Moses' father-in-law,e I~;;;;~33.; '
took Zip-po'rah,' Moses' wife, whom he had
afterward sent away,* and her two sons, the *;::$:it

18

:;. Fz4

'LiternTly, ''hands were steadincsa," b T b Efeb~ew here rpnda

"Je.ho~h'u.~'', meaning "Jehovnh ia salvation1'; L I Z re& "J~sus'"
('EqooSr~),a Ncaning "Jehovah is my Signal [pole]"; that in, if
vrissi ia derived from lses ("signal pole"), H u t LdTTS
rmds "Jshov~h
is my Refuge", by deriring 11iss/ from I ~ U R (Idtofloe for refug~")
,
T-g reeds "Jehovah is my exnltation", by deri.coingn k ~fro171
i
ladssrrs' ("to hoiat; lift up"}. d L X X mends : "Becnuse wit11 A secret hand
,Jrhwnh m g e s war." T7g reads: '%n~munethe hnnd of Jcklovnl~js
throne, and Jehovah% war, will be." 'Or, "whose son-in-law Moses
was.'* liter all^^ "Moses' +Fife after her being smt awry."

,,,

Xeaning "A t e m p o r a ~ro~lidcntthor~j'.b Yenning "God e

ir helper".
Or,"whose son-in-lav Jloses m e , " a uBod.'Y-lcllrew, ha-El.a.him';
L I X , 180 The-os', See Exodua 3 : 1, footnote", 4 LXX, Snnl anrl Sp
rpnd: "Then someone enid ta Maaes : 'Lnok !' " Rtrt f g irnda : "And
he sent to Uoees, soping: 'I."' for, "I, rhc one whosr son-in-law
you are." g Or,"Israel whom he hnd delirct*cd.'*

dl other godsaoby reason of thfs adair in which

they acted presumptuous1y against them. "I'
I2Then Jeth'ro, Moses' father-in-law, took a
burnto offering and sacrifices for God, and
Aaron and all the older men of Israel came to
eata bread with Moses' father-inilaw, before

"EX

*:3

255

EXODUS 18;2&27

cases to God.ak B " h d you must instruct1them

what the regulations and the laws are and you
must make known to them the way' in which
I I O n:s
I)F 7.11
S , U I I . T J they should walk and the u~ork' that they
" 1 S n 12.23
11,az.r should do. But you yourself should select out
a11 tlte people capable men," fearing GodPo
f$t,j?F, or
frustworthyb7 men; hating unjust profit,s and
suc.~::! you must set these otter them as chiefsc over
-1:v 3 ; G
- 7 u 31.14 thousands," chiefscaover hundreds,"chiefs" over
r GI<. l:!H
r.:rc3.17 fifties and chiefs" over tens.f" == And they must
' ' 1 ?*: .n
,.if,.;r,;H j u d ~ ethe people on every proper omasion, and
itmustoccurtklateverybigcasetheywillbring
?
to your but every small case they themselves
( i n ~ 2 . 1 will
~
handle as judges. So make it lighter for
1ICi Is:.$
yourself, and they must carry the load with
g;p5;2:7
P9 If you will do this thing, then God will
+,.:LO I H : 8
''Z; :it n; give you orders indeed and yet yon will cexIra is Zalnly be able to stand it and, besides, all this
p i 4 1 1 J(1
2G [i people will come t o their place in peace.""
rlo 1.15

ltNu
I DO 4:1
2f:5
[ j o 4.5
Llc .7:1

3Ex20:z.a

cEx 32:g

.rM 12:,7
Goa."'
1Cu I(..18
13 And it came about on the next day that
Moses sat down as usual to serve as judge for
the people," and the people kept standing before "art 23:2
Moses from the rnorningp till the evening.0 pEx
:%d
Moses' father-in-law got to see all that1
he mas doing for t h e people. So he said: "What
kind of busin= is tfib that you are doing for
the people? Why do you alone continue sittjng
and all the people continue taking their stand

before you from morning till evening?" Is Then

,5
Moses said to his father-in-law: "Because t h e UEX 2.1
i14
people keep coming to me to hquire of God.* :&I&'
'"n the event that they have a case' arise, it $:,"'i;i5
f!l:lo
must come to me and I must judge3etween the
one party and the other and I must make known
OEX a4:1a
the decisionsAof G o d c and his laws.""
nLe 21:15
17 At this Moses' father-in-law said t o him: pia;;
'TXt is not good the way you are doing, l R You KLI:J(;:Q
nc 4.5
117i11 surely nrear out, both you and this people uc 5.1
who are with you, because this business is too "'":"
big a load for you. You are unable to do it by
ywlself.: Now Bsten to my voice.' I shall ad- 0;;$14
vise you and God will prove to be with you. You I;;?if2+
v .I
yourself serve as representative for the people mij:&!!5
before God,d3and you yourself must bring the ::;:51"

-0tE1a gods." Rebrew, Rn-el.o,kim'; LSX. ko t k ~ . o d r 1 1 ~ t l i ~

plurnl). b"Tk~em,'~that is, the Israelites, * " h d . " Hehrcw, AIL&:~:l.a.kiwt';LXT, ho T ~ P - wS*
' . C+~lncsis(T : 11,footnote. (' "&rl."
Hebrew, ba-Ei.o.kimt; L X X , ho ISltc.ost. h m p n r ~a c n ~ s i s17 :13,
faotnotsd.

,;\;:;,

11

241rnrnedlatelyMos~1~stenedtothevoice
of
his father-in-law and did all that he had
xul2,:+3
]>at , .n
N
1 :7
sajd,t " h d Moses proceeded to choose capable
1 I:S IH. l a
men out of a11 Israel11 and t o give them positions
I,rm 1 : I5
0;s
as heads" over the people, as chiefsc of thorl,
sands, chiefs0 of hundreds, chiefsc of fifties and
chiefso of tens. =n And they judged the people on
every proper occasion. A hard case they would
bring to h l o ~ e s ,but
~ every small case they
vg?!::?
rlJflzr29:le thenlselves would handle as judges."
" After
%
$;!';
that Moses saw hls father-in-law off' and he
traveled his way t o his land.
lsnH12
2,I:lL

1 L.1,

dll!

"'Oarl.or FTrIjrpw, An-El.a.lrirw'; LSX, ha T11e.o~'.See Gcnesis

87: 15, fontnot pa, b 010, "truthf~rl; fnill~ful." "Chiefs.'' Hehem,
.rn.n'nb" d dChhif~OVCP thtru.vnnds." LSL'X, i6~hil'i.arn~!'* -.Chiefs
over llu~~drt~lr."
TK' "~~~iturionsl.""Chhfa over tens."' T7g,
f

EXODUS 19 :1-9

19

EXODUS 19 :10-17

257

256

In t h e third month alter the sons of Israel came out of t h e land of E ~ y p ton
, ~ cE"12:2

-. CLe 16:lD
the same day, they came into the wilderness,of Si'nai.Oo %d they proceeded to pull away :g%i:g
from Reph'i-dim and to come into the wilderness
of Si'nai and t o encamp in the wilderness, and
Israel went camping there in front of the mounCEX 20:18
tain."+
*Cia 4:26
3 And Moses went up to God,&@
and Jehovah mE
,2%,2l
began t o callb to him out of the mountain, say- Ac 7:s
ing: "This is what you are to say to the house
of Jacob: and to tell t h e sons of Tsrael, " 'You $%
;?: J c 32'11
yourselves have seen what I did to the Egyp- JIsa
63:9
tians, that I might carry YOU on \~?ingsof ~ c 1 2 : 1 4
11:13
eagles0 and bring YOU to myself." And now if
aou mill strictly obeyCQmy vaice and will indeed cE.Y 23:22
keep my c o ~ e n a n tthen
, ~ you will certainly be$:la
comea my special property out of all other peo- $y\$5i
p l e ~because
, ~ ~ the whole earthCbelongs to me.'
gB
;:
And you yourselves will become t o me a king- ~ g 1%
;
domo of priestsc=and a holy nationfa These are CEX .72:10
23:i
t h e rvordsO that you are to say t o the sons of O E X 10
14
ICO 10.26
Israel."
DlPe 2:9
7 So Moses came and called the older men of A% 7sZ12
t h e people4 and set before them all these words &y&y
t h a t Jehovah" had commanded3 him. After O E s 34:4
35:1
t h a t all the people answered unanimously and , ,:,
said : "AII that Jehovah has spoken we are will- ,& :!&7
ing to do."' Immediately Rloses took back the
words of the people to Jehovahqg At this Jeho- xg2:44
I I ~~I 1 2
vah said t o Moses:' '"ook! I am coming to you :ft%,:
in a dark cloud" in order that the people may

:E
gE

"Uod.'> Hebrew, I~la-El.o.11ina';L X X , ho The.08'. See Genesis

17 ; 18, footnoted, "Jehovah began t o cnll." This is the fird occnrre~~ee
of lhis expression in Exodus, Compare Exodus 3 : 4 and
10 : 20. Or, 'hliekn to." Or, "thm rou must hecolue."

hear when I speak with you* and t h a t in you

*J";b49?2,
s r u 14:il also they may put faitho to timeC indefinite."'
C E s 216

*Ex I~:TI Then

1Ch 20 20
L U 10.16

Moses reported the words of the people

to Jehovah.

10 And Jehovah went on to say to Moses:

7
"GO
to the people, and you must sanctifyo them
1 ~ 4 4!today and tomorrow" and they must wash their
JOS 3*5
lsa lk:s clothes." l1 And they must prove ready far the
AKu 8-21
Heb io;az third day, because on the third day Jehovah will
OEY
NU 39:a
II:IT come down before the eyes of all the people upon
Mount Si'nai.0 " And you must set bounds* for
gifp".,2
+J*5"4
the people round about, saying: 'Guard yowselves against going up into the mountain, and
doa not touch the edge of it. Anybody touching
o m z 1 : u the mountain will p o s i t i ~ l ybe put to death.cG
W e b B:20
l 3 NO hand is to touch it," because he will positively be stoned o r will positively be shot
through. Whether beast or man, he will not
At t h e blowing of the ram's hornx they
YES:2 themselves
may come up t o the mountain."
"L" lf:G I
14
Then
Moses
went down from the rnounSos 3:s
1Sa 16:s tain to the people, and he set about sanctifying
'Ex 10:lO
xus:21
the people* and they engaged in washing their
Heb 10:22
e.<m 4'12 clothes.' l5 And he repeatedIy said to the peoAISa 21:6
ple; "Get readyDduring the three days. Do not
2

men come near a svaman."On

16
And on the third day when it became
9g$:y"28
morning
it came about that thunders and light,+De
y;,"g
:,l,p ningsO began
4:11
o c ~ u r r i n g ,and
~ a heavy cIoud'
1K1 8:18
upon
the mountain and a very loud sound of a
PS 97.2
CEx 2028
&Heb12:10 trumpet,m so that a11 the people who were in the
FJ"; $:i4 campmbegan to tremble." Moses now brought
,g:b&F;21-.the people out of t h e camp to meet God,c3 and

&"2';.:"z2

YOU

a 'lDe,"this verb being in the singular number. Or, "him." 6 "God.'>

Bebrew, hrr-El.o.hhwa j LXXj La Tle.ost, Compare Exodus 1:17,
footnoteb.

EXQDUS 19:18-20 :2

239

258

they went taking their stand at the base of the

mountain.* I s h d nlount Si'nai smoked al!
over,' due to the fact that Jehovah came down
upon it in fire,"' and its smoke5 kept ascending
like the smoke of a kiln,* and the whole mountairt was quaking' very much. '"When the sound
of the trumpet became continually louder and

-ex

*E$Zo
;;; gi;,
*g;;%;s
De ~2

22i57

louder, Moses began to speak nnd GmlkLbegan "E23i?17

Ace 1
8
:
s
to answer him with a voice.'
PP1445
20 Then Jehovah: came dma upon Mount @;;;~;;11
Sf'nni to the top of the mountain nnd Jehovah JHC>&,
called Moses t o the top of the mountain and zpc14.5
Moses went on up." Jehovah now said t o ?&?&
Moses: ' G o down, warn the people, that they
do not try t o break through to Jehovah to take mg;,2?jlz
a look' and many of them have to fall,' z y And $
;&
;j,;
let the priests also who regularly came mar to ~ r e b12:m
oLe1a:3
Jehovah sanctifgfl themselves, that Jehovah
may not break out upon them."& At this * ~ ~ ~ ~
Moses said t o Jehovah: "The people are not
able to come up to Mount Si'n~i,because you
yourself already warned us, saying, 'Set bounds
for the mountain and make it sacred.' " b u d HOW-b&1*12
ever, Jehovah said to him: "Go, descend, and
you must come up, you and Aaron with you, but
lct not the priests and the people break through
to come up to Jehovah, that 11e may not break
out upon them.". 25 Accordingly Moseg descended t o the people and told them.
3De 4:33
De522
And God proceeded to speak all these p;;g
+~~~~~

20

tmrds,f4saying:
2 "1 am Jehovahyyour God,d"' who have

brought you out of the land of Egypt, out ofthe

EXODUS 20: 3-10

OEX 3123

?El: a 3 1
.Fs 8l:fD

Ezi3i;

"'Uot3." Rehrerv, k a - ~ l . o J r . i ' m

here
~ Eiao,F~I'?t~'
{"Uod") hns the dpfinitr nrticle ha ('%be7'),L X X , ko T ~ ? F + o B ' ; De'lcs, b Or, "and
ennatifr it," Or, "comnnda,'' t~ Or, "I, Jcho~+nh,nm yom God?'

ho~lseof s l a ~ e s . You
~
must never have any
13:3
m.a
other
godsa3
against
my
face.h"
- : ) r 5.7
I'@c'14
4'rY~~mu~tnotm~kef0ryb~r
21C1 17:.7[1
J
imageo
ar a form like anything t h n t is in the
CT ,P ?(::I
hcavcns0
above or t h ~ is
t on the earth undey;Y >!:lo
!;:x ,,o:ineath or that is in the tvatcrsQunder the enrth.O
I , 2
l)ll -I. lli
You must not born dawnA to them nor be in,I,, ,:,
:I ~ P
1?:2
duced to serveCthem, because I Jehovahc your
BK J4:6
God a m a Godca exacting exclusive d c ~ o t i o n , ~ '
+ rx T:%
'-dw
615 bringing punishment for Ihe iniquityt of fathers
.'I,:< 2.:.71
upon sonsf' down to the great-grandsons and
,I,,1.,;:.>
groat-great-grandsonsgIn the case of tllose who
?$/;,;;?
i
exercising loving-kindl~essh~
to:l:s 381:14 hate me,+"but
I
m m ~thousandsi
l
of
those
~vho
love
me
and
keep
cry.;y 2.1:12
.NL, t ' i . ~ my
~
comrnanhtment~.~
L'XlL 2t:l;
li<lg!.:.O
7
"You must not take upJthe nameo of Jeho?!.%, , > I
vah&your God in aworthlessnray,"' for Jehovah
+ 1
1
" l .I 17
,,;! ,,,.no wjll not leave the one unpunished who takes up
Tc,, 1 1 5.4
1 . I.,,0 Ilj,l'd his name in a worthless WRY.'
utL:77
8 "Remembering1 the sabbath dny3 to hold
:I,P 2,;t:ia
"j:;; J: it sacred,* you are to renelcr servicem and you
:i :!:;: must do all your w o ~ six
1 ~ days,"
~
l * But the
i
5.12
:I u L R . I Q seventh day is a sabbath t o Jehovah your God."
:~icr>
t 1.z~ 1 7
; ,I : ~ lYou
I~
must not do any rvork, you nor your son
Nr I:( ~ r i ,nor your daughter," your slave man nor your
1 I : Y -4 i : l l l
2 : + slaveQgirl nor your domesticz animal nor your
" lm:K > ? : l o ten~porarynresident who js ins id^ your gate3.O
,
!EX

1:.

'

kn:

"(lo11.g~"Elrhrew, sl.o.himr; LXX, the.oi', b or, god^ in doflsa@e

of trlrn," 8 Or, "wowrhip." d ('God." I I ~ h r r ~ rE, l ; L X X , l'kr.osf.
*Or, "1408 who in jealous {walottsk." Or, "(lnd not tnlernting
r i ~ , n l ~ ~ .Or.
' ' a'ohildren.'F~Litcrallp,"down tn t ht. third nntl for~rtll
[ ~ r n ~ r n k dones:'
]
See Genesis 51) : 53, f r d r ~ r l t r ~ . Or, ''Iovnl
Irrvc,*' I Ch., *b the thousadth [genrraktl] onm.'' SPCD e u ~ x o ~ l o l n y
7 : R; P~nlm105 : R. Or, "not p l - o n o ~ ~ l l r ~ ,"' h~ r~,r lift
i t ap ( c ~ m y l . "
Oiv,"r41 a ~ H ] H C ~ O O ~ or,,
: ' ''in vRin."
" ~ ~ e l r l ~ ~ n ~ ) ~Tho
r i r lHebrew
g,"
rarb hero i~ i ~ o tin the imperative !node, hnt la it1 t . 1 ~il~linitire
~ ~ I I H O ~ U Cnntl
O hence is not limited us to tirrlr. C h , "you s r ~ :to Inhor."
m

'

EXODUS 20: a-I7

260

For in six days Jehovah made the heavens

and the earth, the seaSand everything that is in
#ern and he proceeded to rest on the seventh

261

12 "Honor3your father0 and your rnotherp

ln order that your days may prove long upon
the ground t h a t Jehovah your God is giving
YOU,&

23:3'

;Fx%,&
r.,~~!;;:~~

M L154
I.:llh G : P
SKLI2 ' m
-I.;\% I T
I~I,:;: 2 I :15
bhll l!l:lR
I.u IH:SO

*.Mt
hl t 5.:!Y
!1:2'1
1to l,k.!)
G N U 37,LB

"YOUmust not murder.03

"You must not commit adultery.&
* L A C1":11
?LC
34): 10
[It 5 Ln
"You must not steal.*
lrir Irl:19
"10
'You must not testify falsely as a w i t n w 3!YO
t . ~21 I I
-C.P
lh. 1I'I:IS
4);l~
against your f eUorP man.an
I K I 21:!0
17 "You must not dmire3 your fenow man's Jrt 2c.r;o
house, You must not desire your fellam man's "' "I:'"
wife,a nor his slave man nor his slave glrl nor CEX 2 2 :
his ox nor his ass nor anything that belongs ta
M1.5,W
your fellow
Lu IZ:ld

13
14
15
16

'lkl 8lZ

was.'

22 And Jehovah went on to say t o Moses:

@'This
you am to say to the sons of Is~
1 is what
3
,y$::"3:s rael, 'You yourseIvcs have seen that it was from
the heavens 1 spoke with
2 T ~ must
w
not
cmU:13 make along will1 me godso" of silverp and YOU
flx25:3
must not inaku goclsd oP g01dP for yourselves."
CEx24:4
An altar- of ground you are t o make for me,
Om 40:6
and you must sacrifice upon it your burnta ofCE* wi ferings and your carnrnunion~offerings," your
flock and your herd. I n cvcry place where I
shall cause my name t o be rememberedQI shall
mme t o you and shall certainly bless you."
Z C 6:6
~
J3h 4:21
25 And if you should make an altar of stonesa
='&3:36
~

Or, ' ' y o ~ ~companion."

r
L n V g rend: "yonr n ~ i ~ l i b o r .b"This
diriqiom aY the Ten Cornmnndtnents, from rersen 2 to 17, ja the
nntarnl division, It agrees rrith the flrst-cent~isy (I'C.D,) dcwi~11
historian Josephus (Antiqrritd~sof the Jews, Book 3, chnpter 5 , 7 5 )
nrirl wit11 t.he firrt-eentni~Je11-ishpldloxopher Plrilo, nktn tlavirlc oK
verse 2 ns t h e k t comm~ndmentn11r1\*PI.SLT 4-D ~s the p ~ ~ o nr d
~~u~t~ntidil~eut,
a i d PC= 1'7 ns one c o ~ u m n n d m ~ neninst
t~t
nil rowtnusscsn, thc tenth mn~innndrnent.
Others, including the Roman Catholic Gnint Augustinc, ~ o n p i r l ~ r
veracn 3-8 as m e m~nmandmentnnd, it1 orrlrr to rscovcr a t ~ n i h
c o n i ~ m n d m r a t ,h i d e w1xa li into two comn~nnrlrncnts,tho ~ l i r l t l l
n~nnnstcovctir~ga fcllaw man%house nnd the tent11 nrainlrlt cov~ting
llio livizlg possessions. Augnllstinc dependod for his divin~onon t h u
luf8er pnrnllcl stntement of the Trri Con~~tintlrlmnttnt Duutrvo~rornp 5 : 6-21,~vhichuses tmo different Hehrrrv ~ r r nt
b verso
~
21 in
forbidding covetous desire for ~s.Ilnt helongs tn n f irllow mnn,a h c r ~ RR EXOIIIIS
20 : 17 uses j u t one and the ~ ; ~ nTIchrew
ir
v ~ r hA
, II~IWtine's division has been adopted by the Ilornnn Cnt holic rp1ir.l o u s
BYXtPlTl.

18 NOWdl the people3 were seeing& the

thunders and the lightning flashes and the sound
of the trumpet"nd
the mountain0 smoking.
:Ex 24:4
TLe258
I n e n the people got to see it, then they
quivered and st& at a di~trtnce.~
'%And
they
:a19:1s
l l e b 32:18
began t o say to Moscs: "You speak with us and
+D, I8:le let us listen, but let not God speak with us for
$ 2 fear we may die,"' 2W0 Moscs said to the peoGEs 3 4 3 3 ple: "Do not be afraid,"because for the sake of
wDC
e 8:z
22:1
putting YOU to the testa God1) has came and in
order that the fear' of h tm may continue before
FGF&?! YOUR faces that you mny not sin."O And the
D.6:2
people kept standing at a distance,* but Moses
Jox 24;I4
Pr 3 T
went near to thc dark cloud-mass where G o d C
=*5
5

CEx 31:14

l1

day.' That i s why Jehovah blesseds the sabbath

ciay and proceeded t o make it sacred.

EXODUS 20 :18-25

z;:

'<Seeing."This -lipire o f R P C F C ~ PIT ifi CLIIIPII

' l ~ ~ ~ ~ gmenning
m~t',
a "yoke" that is 11acq11nl;for one v ~ r 1 1i~ u ~ c dna i t p k a for two
or more ohject3, ~rldlc~ r a ~ n m n t i c n l l ng arnonrl vrrll i a required.

H C ~ the
C "seeing1' n r p l i r ~to thc lifihtnin~flnaher; and mountain
s ~ n o l ~ l tbut
g , henring I R ~'cq~til.ccl
for thc t11nncLr~ond trulnpet finund.

'(God." Hebrew, hn-.E1,oahilrb', the mticlr krt srpnrnhng two suceessire alcphg ( X ) i n the H c h r e ~text; L X Y , Bo The.08'. a "God."
Eebrew, kt(-El.o.lrinrP;LXY, 60 T1ir.a~'; Tg, Dn'trs. d "Gods2' Hehrm-, ek~kin8'; L n , t l l ~ ~ o i*' .OF, "peace offtiinp."
b

EXODUS 20 :26--21:8

263

262

for me,you must not build them as hewn stones.

In the event that you do wield your chisel upon
It, then you will profane it.+ ""And you must not -gs!$21
go up by steps to my altar, that your private
partsn may not be exposed upon it.'
"And these are the judicial decisjanah
DP 4 3 4
that you are to set before them:"
Dt 6-1
2 "In case you should buy a Hebrew' slave,' :zg:g
he will be a slave six yeas," hut in the seventh :EX 3-i:2:
he will go out as one set f r e e wIEhout charge.' . LICxe 22~::2309
"If he sha~~lcl
come in by himself, by hlrnsclf he ?A1.??
will go out. If he is the owner" ol' a wife, t h e n
his wife must go out with him. ' If his mastercc' 2De 23:15
should give him a wife* an8 she does bear him *k25:44
sous or daughters, the mlfe and her children' "ul:s
will become her master'scand he will go out by
himself, But if the slave should insjstently say,
'I really love%y rnaster,hmy wife nnd my '1"19:18
sons; I do not want to go out as one set free,'' qDe I5:l6
"hcn his mastel" must bring him ncnr t o Godce E' ; $iii2
and must bring him up against the door or the
doorpost and his masterc must pie~cehjs ear
through with an awl and he must be his slave
QEX -9
to time3 indefinite."
515:17
7' " h d in ease a man should sell his dnughter as a slnve2 gir1,O she will not go out in the :$$3i12
WRY that the slave men go out, "If
shc 1s dlsplcwing in the eyes of her mnstcrr so that he
docs not designate her as a concubjnem but '2Jg8;31
TGe 16:5
cnuses her t o be ~edeemed,he mill not be en- c a 4:m

21

0$&?z2"::J4

Or, liternllp, yon^ nak~dness.'" or, "the prctrmiptions; the or"3Invterl 's) ..'Tehrerr, d . d n . ~ r j r d ,in tho Itrrnl of exeel-

drw"

(iorl"r l o n thus dwimntinp t h n~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ bf-ldf:lsbr.'r

~yrr.
Hel ~ r r w ,n . r E o ~ ~in
' , the singular nu~uhnt~,
thv ctlrvnnt tliitr r l e s i g n a t i ~ l ~
l~irc ~ n p l r ~ y e ~"God."
.
Elchrem, Irra-Rl0o.lritrr'; qce C;(WPS~A 1 7 :13,
Poatnrrtu'l. 1-g, "tl~e! gods''; LSX, '<thejadamunt uantlt of God."
Imm,

EXODUS 21:9-19

titled to sen her to a foreign people in his

tr~achermusly dealing with her.' * And if it
should be t o his son that he designates her, he is
to do to her according to t h e due right ol dnughters,''
If he should take another cvjte for him#2,",
scli, her sustenance, her clothing ancl her marria@ due are not to be diminished." " If he
1;?
g!$
:
will not finder these three things l o her, then
- S X ~ : T she must go out for nothing, ivflhout money.:'
Lt.,Y :1:2
1'"
12 'Qne who strikes a man so that he acbtdc1,;x
ly dies is to be put to death' without f ~ i l . "" But
.
1.:u 21, 13,
where one does not lie In wait ~ n dGodu lets
rj:; i'yii': It occurl) at his hand,! then I must Ax far you
>I L 24, 52 a place where he can flee.' l ' And in case a man
1.10 :i:15
becomes heated against hls fellow' to the point
;;:L ~ !:~P:.s of
killing him with craftiness, you are t o take
A:?' :t 'ii' him cven from being at my altar to die.' I5And
:jr,';l,!d one who strikes his father ancl his mothermis to
be put to death without fail.]
'-'Cfi'1V6
"And one who stenls R m a n v n d who acI > * J!l!1 t
t + a n : a 7 tunlly sells himt or in whose hand 11e has been
-1'4.
2 In
I I I :
fol111dU is t o be put to death rvithout fail.
?::''a
I
1
:
X l h' 21
' 17 ItAnd one who calls dorm evil'' upon his
I
I
, father and his mother is to br! put to death withI ".I:T
out fail.
[r,,>;;:s
18 "And in case men should get into a q u w
'
reln' and one does strike his fellow with a stonea
.
~~~~c'i:'l or a hoec and he does not die but must keep to
2 % ~l'l:ii
his bed; '"if he gets up and does walk about out
u2sna:m of doors upon some support of his,* then the
one who struck him must be free from punishment, he tviU make compensation only for the
'b21:M

:zll&Lo
#>,

ETohrew, ha-ET.o.hi~ae'; LZT, ko TLE.oA',Compare Exodus

10: 19 foot~lote&.b OF,6'Crod nm1re.s; i t ocrm J Ilia hand,)' LiLY
nad \fR rend: "God delirms Ilirn into hi^ handsnl' Or, ''5t,l9
LXXTfi,
m "llnd.l'

EXODUS 21 :2 G 2 9

264

time lost from that one's work until he gets him

completely healed.
20 "And in case a man strikes his slave man
or his slave &I ~yitha stick and that one actually dies under his hand, that one is to be
avenged' without fail. However, if he lingersa *Num19
1 0 : ~
for a day or two days, he is not to be avenged,"
o ~ aad 5
because he is his meney.b5
22 "And in case men should struggle with
each other and they really hurt a pregnant
mn
woman3 and her children do come outc but no
fatal accident o m , he is to have damages imposed upon him without fail according to what
the owner of the woman may lay upon him and AE, 21:m
he must give it by t h e j~stices.~But if a fatal i:z i:;!
accident should occur, then you must give soulC mJ!:s 3 3 3 2
for
2 4 eyeC for eye, tooth for tooth, hand
$$ $2;
for hand, foot f o r foot,' 2"randing for brand- E; ;?,
N U :I?;RI
ing, ~voundfor wound, blow for blow,w
'C,C 21:20
26 "And in case a man should strike the eye ;IF;;;~I
of his slave man or the eye of his slave girl and
b
he really destroys it, he is t o send him away as m$2i
ML?:a
one set freeQin compensation for his eye." And ?kJ!;l,
if it should be the tooth of his slave man or the col11.1
tooth of his slave girl that he knocks out, he is
t o send him away as one set free in compensaa t e S:RB
tion" for his tooth.
DC7:10
28 "And in case an ox should gore a man or
a woman and that one actually dies, the ox' is '2gsI3
t o be stoned without fail, but its fleshC is not t o 3~~ m:49
be eaten and t h e owner of the ox is free from
punishment. '*But if an ox was formerly i n
'Literally, *hrp standing." Compare Exodus 9 : 10, footnoteR.
b Or, "someone honght rith his money!'
"Game ont," that is, prematurely. 8 "80~1,"or, "life," Hebres, trepJt!csh; L,LY, pps.cJt ;'p
Tg, a',zi.ma.

265

EXODUS 21 :3&22

:2

the habit of goring and w m h g jvas served on

Its owner but he would not keep it under guard
find it did put a man or a fvoman to death, t h e
ox 1s t o be stoned and also its owner is to be
put
to death." 3GIfa ransomRpshould be irnamal:o
FEX 30112
posed upon him, then he must give the redemption price for his soulb according to all that may
be
upon himb Whether it gored a
dE,*;;;E sonImposed
or gored a daughter, it is to be done to him
'E&?: according to this judicial decision.' a21fit was
a slave man or a slave girl that the ox gored,
he will give the price of thirty' shekels to that
one's master and t h e ox will be stoned.
33 "And in case a man should opcn n pit or
@Pa 11g:m in case a man should excavate a pitDand should
not cover it and an ox or an ass does fall into it,
" the owner of the pit is t o make compensa:?,K::;,', tfon." The price he is to return to its owner and

the dendo animal will become his own."

in case n man's ox should hurt another's ox and
nL,, r ; : ~ it does die, thcn they nlust selI the live ox and
i
3LI S 7
divide the price paid for it and also the dead one
31
J
0 they should divide, " Or if it was knonm that an
OX was in the habit of goring formerly* but its
'"\
I-v 1'1:
2 ~11
1 5
u
!
5,13
owner ~ ~ ~ o not
u l dkeep it under guard, he should
3 l t Tr.1'1
~t
l a without fail make compensation* with ox for
> I t 2.1:4.'1
LI, 1s.20 OX ztnd the dead one will become his orvn.
31n l R . L I
l(:o ti: 10
"In case a man should steaI an ox or a
1:ph .I:'*
sheep3 and he does slaughter it or sell it,
I I a .\:I.)
' I ' \ 34.i9
.L, ,,.i,, he is to compensatem ivlth five of the herd for
the ox and fouro of the flock for the sheep.=
PJob2q:14
2 ("If a t h i e P should be found inthe-act
of hreakjnp in and he does get struck-and die,"
tCrt
Li t r r l l y , "covcri ng.'j Or, "repnration," b "60~1,"or, l i f e . " He.I.;Y,

I;h

22:14

a
*ZF n:m
I

22

I ~ r c w neglt'sah
,
:IJIYY, pa?y.rJ~r;';Tg, n'ni.ma, m This endsvem 37 af
ctinptcr 81 in tho Ilebrrw trrt.

EXODUS 22: 3-9

there is no bloodguilta for him.* If the suno CLe22:7

"Nu 3 5 : ~ ~
has shone forth ' ~ ~ p ohim,
n there is bloodguiIta
for him,)
"He is to make compensation without fail. If
he has nothing, then he must be sold for the
things he stole,' If there should be unmistakably foruld in his hmd what was stolen, from
ox to ass and to sheep, alive, he is t o rnake
~Jer
T e 316:i8
r. 7 . ~ ~
double' compensation.
5 '(In case a man shouId set fire tob a fidd
or a vineyardo and he does send out his beasts CE~23:11
of burden and cause a consuming in another
field, he is to make compensationAwith the best *F&2&?t8
of his own field or with the best of his own vineyard.
6 '%I case a fireo should spread out and it OEX 32:m
does catch thorns, and sheaves or standing grain
or a field gets c ~ n s u m e d the
, ~ one who started OJ1ga15:5
14:30
the fire is to make compensa2ion- without fail +Ex21:34
for what was burned.c
7 "In case a man should give his f d l o e cEx32:27
moneyo or articles t o keep and it gets stolen @fim:16
from the man's house, If the thieF should be e&n;2
found,' be is to make double* compensation. ;px6!i
If the thief should not be found, then the owners of the house must be brought near t o God" ?k: ;:$
to see whether he did not put his hand upon the
$ij?i
goods of his fellow. " As regards any case of De ":17
transg-re~ion,~
concerning an ox, an ass, a "E"23.21
sheep, a garment: mything lost of which he CEx28.2
may say, 'This is it!' the case of them both is to
LiteraUy, "bloods." b Tg, "V anybody damaged,'? LXX, "But if
anyone should feed his cattle (floeka) in." Literally, ."fosthe burning." d
Hebrew, ?m-El.oa%w~**
LXX, ho Tke.osp; Vg, "the
gods,'* See Genesis 17 : 18, footnoted.
a

267

266

EXODUS 22: 10-17

come t o God,au The one whom Godb will pronouncec guilty is to make double" compensation
t o his felbw.
10 "In case a man should give his fellow an
OLe1:a
ass or ox or sheep or any domesticmanimal to
keepo and it does die or get maimed or gets led
tg;
zLe5:4
off while nobody is looking,' "an oatha* by
PLc 5:l
Jehovah is to take place between them both
Le 6:3
that
he did not put his hand on the goods of his
$Heb
&
':$' 6:T6
fellow, and their ownerd must accept it and the
- other is not to make compensation. la
But if
they should for a fact be stolen from him, he is
"Ge 31:39 to make compensation to their o~vner.~"
la If it
*Ge 37:33
~e 44.23
should
for
a
fact
be
tom
by
a wild beast," he is
Ere 4:14
*xms:la to bring it as evidence." For something torn by
, a wild beast he is not to make compensation.
14 "But in case anybody should ask for some'Do122
thing
of his fellown and it does get maimed or
Ps 3?21
die while its ownere is not with It, he is te make
3Le ~ f lcompensationo without fail.' '"If
its onmere is
=:I1
Le 24.18 with it, he is not t o rnake compensation. If it is
hired, it must come in its hire.
16 "NOW in case a man should seduce a vir'Fe!$&
OLeZ1:3
JLe 15:18 gin9 who is not engaged* and he has cohabitedG
with her, he is to obtain her without fail as his
'Le 188
cLe g 3 a wife3 for the purchase price. I r If her fatherm
*Dl2 1.3
:Ge 2k16 flatly refuses to give her to him,3 he is to pay
- g g~z:i over the money" at the rate of purchase money
Y;2&Pl5 for virgins,*
De 25:l

2Ch 19:10
LEX 22:4
Ex 2 2 7

;P;

"God.', Bebrew,
"God." 31, ha-El-o.hiwa'; hut Snm, "Jehovnh."
El.o.Bim1, but Sam rends ko-El.o.hin~'; L X X , ho The.osr. C "Vill
pronounce." Thia verb of which El.o.hiatr is the subject is here in
tho plural nl1mher i n 31, but in the singular in Sam, dMOwncr."
Hebrew, h a ' a 7 . i ~ ' ; L X X , Lyrai.os. Ba'nl.imt is in the plnrnl of
respect and has its vel-h "nocept" in the singular number. e ' r O m ern"Hebrew, ba'a7.irn'; LXX, 1iy'~i.o~; T'g, dorn~i.nzcs.Ra'nk-imris
in t h e plural o f respect.

EXODUS 22 :1-0

269

268

IX "You must not preserve a sorceress alive.* *g

19 '"yone
cohabiting with a beast is posf- F.;"nt$!;
A#- I ti 16
tively to be put to death."
I?I! 22' 15
20 "One who sacrifices t o any gods but Jeho- L I . ~13~ - 1
vah done is to be devoted t o destructton.@ I,F211 J5
;"L
21 "And you must not maltreat a temporary A$yIyih\,
residentbor oppress him, for POW people became PK1 1"s
? bld'I
13,.73
temporary residents in the land of Egypt.;C. 'Le
22 'You peoplemust not afflict any widow or fjS,F;:
fatherlssGboy.- 23 If you should amict 11 im at cy;-l~l;
all, then if he criese out to me a t all, I shall unfailingly hear his outcry,' I4and my anger' 1~411
indeed blazes and I shall certainly kill- YOU with
:$:,i'$T
the sword3 and ~ o r m~rrivesvmust become wid- 4K,;;:;;
J'r 9 I:O
ows and YO^ sons fatherless bays,'
25 "If you should lend money t o my people, k&'$t
to the afflicted" alongside you, YOU m u ~ tnot ~~~~;~~
become like a usurer t o him, You must not lay F?;;1,2:$'
interest upon hirnqc
Y,ICII>
L~~I ;i4:2$
S:T
26 "If you shouId a t all seize the garment of ;;it:;H
your fellow as a pledge; you are t o return it to t;lz~;%;&
him at the setting of the sun. 27 For it is his only
rr M'1.l
covering. It is his outer garment for his skin.O CC
.rJs ino:9
In what wiIl he lie down? And it must occur E
, >:!
that he will cry out to me and I shall certainly z;t,;l:;"
NC 5 : ;
hear, because 1 am kind.+
LIJp ?.I:@
28 'You must not call down evil upon GodC+ $;,$;kg3
~ t r n? ,s
nor curse a chieftaind"among your p e ~ p l e . ~ ECx
31 31
I>S~L:G
29 "Your full produce and the overflow of C*LC
2 L . is
your press you must not give hesitantly.' The =F-E
. 112 -m
first-born of your sons you are to give to me.' .$r't7;,'Q
The way you are to do with your ox and your "'*
sheep is this: Seven days it will continue with '" lr3:19

EXODUS 22 :31-23 :9

its mother.a On the eighth dny you are t o give

cte22:27

it t o me,
31 "And YOU should prove yourselves holy3
men to me," and you must not eat flesh in t h e
that is somethfng tarn by a wild beast.b
:a)D@
'<\:;: 2 3 : 1flcld
V oshould
~
throw it to the d0gs.P
"You
must not take up an mtme n+
*k%:!
:DE 2'23
p
o
r
t
,
O
b
Do not ca-operate with the wickedo
:SU 1 6 3
hy
becoming
a witnesso who schemes
;k;f2&,7o
YOU
must
not
follow after the crowda for evil
!4 t L'lt:50
,IPF.II
ends, and you must not testify aver a controversy so as to turn aside with the crowda in
to pervert justice."
As for the needy
m;J yo;b "13~:1i j : l d order
one,
YOU inust not show preference in a con1,u 2D:L,l
t r o v ~ r s yof his.*
Ac25:'I
nu I :ni
4 "Should you come upon your enemy's ox
nrAoTs:ls
JUu":'7
or h l ~ass going astray, you are to return it
fail to hlrn.' Should you see the ass
* f + , , 2 ~ without
~~
of someone who hates you lying down under its
'ANud:ls laad,O then you m u ~ reIrain
t
from abandoning
h j n ~ ,Witlz him you are without fail to get it
m e 22:4 loose,a
6 "You are not to pervert the judicial deciAD# 16:lD
i24yi:2.3' slsn sf your poor man In his controversy."
3 "YOU nre to keep far from a false word.@+
':ne 4 : ~ And do not kill the innocent and the righteous:
.I,R 19:It
no I*I:IA for 1shall not declare the wicked one righteous.+
Eph 4 29
8 "YOU are not to accept a bribe,'" for t h e
,E[!el0:17
3.1 7
bribe blinds clear-sighted men and can distort
P,"
the words aP righteuus men."
'Le I6:M
'nc ~ r , : m 9 "And you must not oppress a t e m p o w
ism fi 3
mident, as you yourselves have known the
Pr 17:s
'EkH:a
"b10.3

23

~~~~:~

Or, 9 e put under ban; be devoted to Jeho~qahfor extermination."

bar, <'a ~ojoupner; an irnmigranv' C "&d." hISarn, ~l.o.liim';
Or, ''na%i."
LLT, $the.oir ("gods") ; Fg, de'i ("gods"),
a

:"zE

soulR of the temporary resident,@because YOU

Litcmlly, "lnnny." b '-In order to shut o o l justice (judgment):

J X S .a Irr, ''prt; prcecnt." Or, "the state of cxistwcc." Hebrew,
~ ~ r p l t ' j~ sLkX 9 , he ~F>,.PIBF'.*La=, prox.e'l!/.toe.
1

EXODUS 23 :1-17

271

270

became temporary residents in the land of1 XDP

lflrlR
- ..
.-.
Egypt."
Eze
De 24:14
223
10 "And for six years YOU ape to sowo your mh19:19
land with seed and-you must gather its ixoduce." l i But t h e seventh year you are to leave * L e E : 3
it uncultivated and you must let it lie fallow,' *egi$
and the poor ones of your people must eat of it
and what is left over by them the wild beasts"
5,:,
of the field a r e to eat. That is the way you are :;;
to do with your vineyard" and your olive? grove.
;;;;;
12 "Six days you are to do your work,' but
fg;
on the seventh day you are to d e s i ~ tin
, ~order Jos22.5
1 4 18
that your ox and your ass may rest and the son 11'eb
1~19
of your slaveo girl and the temporary resident "Le
may refresh thernseIve~.~
+De 123
13 "'And YOU are to be on your guard? re- $":,
specting all that I have said to you, and YOU '$f$jE
must not mention the name of other g0ds.O' It C E 3~4 ~ 3
oh-it12:8
should not be heard upon your mouth.'
"Le 23:6
14 "Three times in the year you are to cele yts\8;\7
brate a festival to me.@ You will keep the fes- FC~~;:;
tivaP of unfermented cakes." You will eat un- 3Ex 32:s
fermentedD cakes seven days, just as I have EE; Zi:,
corrunanded you, at the appointedCtime in the *E; ;$
month of Atbib, because in it you came out of ~ e a ~ o
Egypt. And they must not appearh before me KD,u 28:26
empty-handed. "'Also
t h e festival of harvestoof ,A,C,
the firstC ripe fruits of your labors, which you :f,",3,4:;j
did sowing h the field;" and the festival of in- 2';;::
gatherinfat the outgoing of the year, when you
gather in your labors from the field, lT
On three J O 7:2
~
occasions in the year every male of yours will $:%
appear before t h e face of t h e LordccJ e h ~ v a h . " ~3,Ei$i3

:z

~g

=:"

%yeI,

Or, %ake a rest; keep sabbath." b4'Tou must not appear?

L X X V g . "The h r d . " Hebrew, k4-A.datst; L X X , Ky'rLos; 'Vg,
Do'mi.ne~s. "Jehovah," NSam; "your God,'' LXXVgSy,

EXODUS 23 :1&26

18 "You must not sacrificeGthe blood of my

sacrifice along with what is fermented." And
the fat of my festival should not stay overnight
4% l 2 : l O until rn0rning.l
Le 7:15
19 "The besta of the first ripe fruits of your
CEx 34:ZB ground you are to bring to the house of Jeho*Ex 34:26 vah3 your God.'
Nu 18.12
Ye 10:35
"You must not boil a kid in its mother's
1Co 1550
EX 2 4 5
EX 3 4 9 5

EEx 33.3

3E.x 32:M
3 E x 34%
De 14.21
Pr 12.10
*Ex9:2
Nu 20:16
SEX 92:32

p E x 34:7

3Ek 33%
GDe 11:W
CLe 26:7

*De 30:7

GYu f 3:29

rJos 5:13

Jos 24:8
ALe 183

De 12:30
2Ch J3:2
CNu 3352

2Ch 3-1:s
-De 1032
30s 22:5
1Sa 12.20
?.It 4:10

CEx 26,32

m7We 28:5
,.In1 390
GLe 9 : n

C E x 29:2

xDe 7:15
Ps 103:3
Isa 33.24

mil know
20 "Here I am sending an angelo ahead of
you to keep you on the road and to bring you
into the place that I have prepared." Z1 Watch
yourself because of him and obey his voice. Do
not behave rebelliously against him, for he will
not pardonD YOUR tfanspession,P because my
name0 is within him.b 2e However, if you strictly
obeys his voice and really do all that I shalI
speak, then I: shall certainly be hostile to yDur
enemies3 and harass those who harass you.'
e T o r my angel will go ahead of you and will
indeed bring you t o the Arn'or.ites and the Hit'tites" and the Per'iz.zites and the Ca'naan.ites,
the Hirvites and the Sebru.sites,and I shall certainly wipe them out." ad You must not bow
clown t o their gods or be induced to serve
them, and you must not make anything like
their works," but you will without fail throw
them down and you will without fail break
down their sacred pillars,'342 z And you must
serve Jehovah YOUR God' and he will certainly
bless" your breads3 and your water, and I shall
indeed turn disease away from your midst."
26 Neither a woman suffering an abortion nor

Or, "choice; chief.'' LiterptUy, '%egidng,"

sentative, to act in my nnme,

That is, as my repro-

EXODUS 23:27-33

272

273

woman will exist in your land,' I shaII "g:

*1ch 23.1
make the number of your days full.'
27 "And I shall send the frightn of me ahead ng
of you and I shall certainly throw into confusion ;
;:t?,,
a11 the people among nhom you come and I
shall indeed give the back of the neck of all
your enemies to you." ? s And I will send the
feeling of dejectionb' ahead of you and it will bDB7:ae
simply drive the Hi'vites, the Cafnaan.ites and
the Rirtites out from before you.' =" 1shall not *JOB 2.1:11
drive them out from before you in one gear,'
that the land may not become a desolate3waste 61-f %:=
and the wild beasts of the field really multiply
against you. =O Little by little P shall drive them 3b i ~ : 3
out from before you until you become frultft~l~
'%':i?!
and really take possession of the land.
I1 ~IL:YA
13e
~ ~ 1 ~ 2 1
31 "And I will fix your boundaryo from the &'?&
Red sea0 t o the sea of the Phi.lis'tinesoand from :kR::z,il'
the wilderness t o the River,co because I shall oNa22:s
give into YOUR hand the inhabitants of the Iand
and youd' wiXl certainly drive them out from ayg I:?
before yourself." 9 2 You are not t o conclude a J, ' A 11.21
23:I
248
covenant" with them or their gods.'
They er
*&: *iz
should not dwell in your land, that they may nE:.&2
not cause you to sin against me. In case you g;&t:o
should serve their gods, it would become a
PS loti:.^
I
snare" to you."'"
OEK 3l:12
-Or, '&Iahall indeed make all your enemies tnm tail before you!'
a barren

::;!

EXODUS 24:l-10

And to Moses he said: ''Go up to Jehovnh,O you and Aaron, Na'dabA and A.bi'Ilu0 and seventyd of t h e older men of Israel,"
F:(;j N Lgj:,
1~1 . l f l
and you must bow donna from a distance. ' And
Lu 1U:l
Moses by himself n~ustapproach Jehovah, but
tlwy should not approach and the people shouEd
m:21 not go up with him."'
3 Then Moses came and related to the people
a11 the words of Jehovah and all the judicial
~ all the people answered as o m
*@ ~ uj d1l : nc l ~ i s i o n s ,ancl
voice and said: "All t h e 1vord9 that Jehovah
!~~s~p~ken~vcarewillingtodo."'+Accordi
IEX1Y.8
1 15:27
~
31 9
Moses wrote down all the words of Jehovahx
and he got up early in the morning and built
at the root of the mountainQ an altar3 and
g;l.g;;o
-t:e 2s:za twelve pillars' corresponding with the twelve
C i l l 2:'J
tribes of Israel, After that he sent young men
o I the Boris of Israel and they offered up burnt
"Ex
offerings and sacrificed bulls as sacrifices,' as
kE;LO 7:11 communiono offerings t o Jehoval~," Then
Moses look half the blood and put it in bowls,"
aim:%
12:22,
Iqei~9:LB ~ n half
d the blood he sprinkled upon the altar.*
5 r*:u 92:32
Finnlly he took the books of the covenantb'
tru 21:10
[ . C I:?
and read it in the ears of t h e people." Then they
L, IT:II
*llch R : l $ said: "All that Jehovah has spoken we a r e will,,,,,\I! I:i:ls ing to ds and be obedient."' So Moses took the
.I:Y irl:n
blood and sprinkled It upon t h e people" and
-;;;;.;ciy
c ~ . :3r ~ said:
~ o ''Here is the blood of the mvenant3 that
Jel~ovaE~
has concluded with YOU as respects all
'p;::!! these words."'
9 And Moses and A a m , Nafdab and A.bi%u
~ E 24
K
!1
L G x~: m ancl seventy of the older men of Israel prweedE X :17'L%
J K 11.22 4 to go upt' 'O and they got to see the God of
Israel." And under his feet there was what
;

Bs,7::lm

of dejection." LXX,spke.lii8os; Tg, :,cr.lrwopnes, meaning

'%ornet.?", Horn-crer. Ko~lder'al i f e i w McJjter of 1945 (7;tuiiclt,
fimitzprlanrl) shows that the Hebrew ~\-ortEhere tzir'nh' corrlcspond.s
with thc Arnhie word that means "tfejectedne~s; diseonrag~~~~cnt;
nbnsenlcnt". But in the pad h Clem nnd ltos~nrn~~~llcr
a!%oh n v ~
a~~dcwtood
the Hebrew w1-d rnetaphorie~ll~
t o desig-nnte ''ills nnd
cnlarnitic~". "The Zlivm," that is, the En.phrn'tes, d "ITou,"XSy;
b "Feelkg

"1,'~IXSnrnTg.

,,,,,

Or, " ~ o t rmust worship."

b "Book of the mvenant" This doubtless

conlnincd the Icgislntion wt ont at Exodus 9 0 : 22 to 13: 33-

EXODUS 24 :11-25

:2

274

seemed like a work of sapphire flagstones m d

like the very heavensCfor puritymGAnd he did ""XSl:t7
. 17e 1:7o
not put out his hand against the dlstinmishcd ii:;e,?::1
men of the sons of Israel; but they got a vision
;:
;~ ~ 2 ; I
of Codaffiand ate and drank.'
Lx 1h.12
12 Jehovah now said to Moses: "'Come up
to 111ein the mountain and stay there, as I want VEX25:7
to give you the stonem tablets71and the lawo and '1E:i!hj18
the commandment0 that I must wrltc" in or-E;L:; f;
der to teach them."* la So Moseso and J o s h u ~ ~;;;;j ~Cj;;?
his ministep g o t up and Moses went u p into the mt)e:1 l a
mountain of G0d.d But to t h e older men he
had said: "Yov wait for us in this place tlntil
me return to YOU.' And look! Aaron and Hur"
are with YOU. IVhmver has a m$enat IRW,@let
:.?;;;
hlm npproach them."' l3 ?117us Moses went up In-

cExm:m
UEX 3 5 5

Xsrael that they may take up a contr4butionao

for me: From every man whose heart incites
him

YOU

people are to take up the contributions

iggi4gi3 of mine." U n d this is the cantributionu that

:Ex M : 5
,,,,:, rlru are to take up from them : gold"and silver"

and copper, "rid blue thread, and wool dyed

purple, and coccus scarlet material, and
,, ,:, r reddisl~
fine
linen,'
and goat'sc hair, "and ramC skins
%
4
;
I
~ 1 3 ~ : 2 dyed
0
red, and seal~lcins,~~
and acacia
cEx27:20 "oil2 for the lunlinal*y; balsam oil for t h e
anointinga oil and for perfumed incense;' ?and
FE$:if onyx
stonesp and setting stones for the eph'odc'
rk:
;
.
$
;
g
C E Y 23:29 and for the breastpiece. '
And they must make
c EX 12:zI
5Le
2 6 : ~ a sancluary"or me,as I must tent in the midst
of them." "ccording to all that I am showing
BEX26:1 you as the pattern of the l~bernacle" and pattern3 of all its I u r n i s h i n ~that
,
is the way aou
kE&!L
6 3 3 are to make it.'
Re 21!3
327
10 ' L h dthey must make an ArkeB"of acacia
~ 1 c 2a:11
h
wood,
two and a half cul~ltsIts length and a
a c 7:44
Heb
s:5
rreb 9:9
cubit and a half Its width and a cubit and a half
*Ex 37:l
its height. I t And you must overlay it with pure
De 1 0 2
FE,"b:% goId. Inside and outsidc you are to overlay it,
and you must rnakc a border of geld ~wund
*El:,&
39.16 about upon it.' i"nd
you must cast four rings"
of old for It and put them ~ b o v ci t s four feet,
with two rings upon the one side of it and two
C ~ m : 5
rings upon its other side,= And you must make
poles of acacia ~voodand overlay them with
LEY 30:5
And you must put the poles illrough the
ICh
rings ups11the sides of the Ark in order t o carry
the Ark with them. In the rings of the Ark

;z

; ~ ~ ~ ~ ,

to the mountain while t h e Bond- mas covering

:EX 339

the mountain."
:EX 40:a
EEX
in9
16 And Jehovah'sG g1oryO' continued to re- .T:X ZP:Z
:H: 18
sidee upon Mount Si'nai," and the cloud continued t o cover it for six days. At length on theO,;;;,X;L- N U 1 . 1 : LO
seventh day he called to Moses from the midst F;'r1l'i:i!?
of the cloud." And to the eyes of the sons of 2::
'Israel the sight of Jehovah's glory was like a ':? ;iflR
devouring fire' on the mountajntop. ''Then ;!;;i$,
Moses entered into t h e midst of the clot~dand $jd$klR
went on up the mountain? And Moses esnttnrlcd r!clr 12:ze
in the mountain forty* days and forty nights. I:;:
:?i.?!
And Jehovah proceeded to s p e ~ k lo i;(,!\,\i:.
imes, saying: "',speak t o the sons of u14,r~140rl,''I f , ha-El.o.REmP ("the Gad"), In contrnst with Bxotlu~

Id:%

25

23: :13, Here LXT r e ~ d s :"And they npperuwrl i n thp plwe ni' God
[ L o Th~.on']."b Bee Exodoa 17: 9, f a o t ~ i n t c f .a Or, LLwnitrlr;nttpnrlout; ~l.cn%nt.'' ,'God." Hebrew, Ira-E/.o.bini'; I,XY, IIC) Themas',
Sre E X O ~ U3 R
: 1, footnoteb. eLitwnlly, "TVhoewr iih nn o~r.nt-rof
werdq," tlrnt is, a Litipnt o r controv~r~ialii;t.Or, wort Iit~mIlp,

Or,"sacred portion; 11enr.e aberinp!'

b Or, "nnd tahwh lenther?$

~
"Eph'od.'" d s ~ r r e drionksle n yroa. Or, "the r e s i d e t ~ cplnc~.''
errhrk.$' Hebrew, a,*';
Vg, d m . Hence Wenlnt front the
te.bukhof G e l r k s 6: 14 and R x a d n ~3 :3.
G

"to cstenrE like a tent."

EXODUS 25:16-27

EXODUS 25~28-37

2'76

I
the poles are t o stay. They are not to be re
8:8
moved from it.+ lS And you must place in the PZKI
2Ch 519
Ark the testimony- that I shall give you.
-I,Y
C T X X26134
G:~.I
17 "And you must make a covera3 of pure $l;u':?\$
11
gold, t ~ w
and a half cubits its length and a cubit {:; i y !,
and a half its width.' lS Prnd you must make ttt'o
y;;12
I
cherubs3f gold. Of hammered work you are to ,;!$; ,t
make them on both ends of the cover.' And
,:
make one cherub" on this end and one cherub j i .7~
.; 7
on that end. On t h e cover YOU are to make the i?; (; i3
cherubs at its two ends, And the cherubs must !kk?,!7
be spreading out their two wings upward,' mfj;,",;j,
screening overQthe mver with their wings, with .% ;,i:~s
their faces one toward the other. Toward the
;;:?s4;;a
cover the faces of the cherubs should be. And ri.:,.,
zr:~~]
you must place the cove? above upon t h e Arlc, ';:,:,T1?
and in the Ark you will place t h e testimonyd ",;<":"G
that I shall give you. ':And I will present my90:B
self to you there and speak with you from above :Ex
L@ 1 6 ; ~
the cover,O from between the two cherubs that y&$!$\
are upon the Ark of the testimony, even all that '~;n~,~;;l~
I shall command you for the sons of Israel.'
d1
23 "And you must make a tableqmof ~ c a c l ael.:..
=1~~ 2(1
~ 7:
, lE
'l
wood, two cubits its length and a cribit its width
;I;?>
and a cubit and a half its height. " And you
;l;,+:l~
must overlay it with pure gold, and you must I~:I, s
2Ch "1 q
make for It a border of gold round about."'%And:
Hrh 9.2
.ru 3; 1 E
you must make for it a rim of a handbreadth
round about, and you must make the border of
gold for its rirn round abut.' '"And you must "EXm12
make for it four rings of gold and place the
rings on t h e four corners that are for the
=:la
four feet.' 27 The rings should be close by the

.Y.

;Zyl5
E;

Or, 'hercg

seat; pmpitiatoxy." BX, kaiap.ps're.lk;

ri-a??;Tg, pro.pi.fia-tofri.urlr.

LdLK, h i . ! a n . ~ t ~ ' -

OE~37:l4

rim BS supports for the poles t o carry the table,"

you must make the poles of acacia wood

and
overlay
them with gold, and they must
l I i l 730
15h .1:22 carryn the table with them.&
I,zrld1
Jcr 52.18
29 " h d you must make its dishes and its
*I.'\ ?'.I3
cups and its pitchers and i t s bowls with which
.I,o 2 1'5 they will pour libatfons,b You are to make them
out of pure gold.& And you must put the show:;,<!i:
11t 121.1 I 11 bread0 upon the table before me constantly.+
zl:ll
rI:u 3; 35
31 "And you must make a JarnpstandQ of
I:."
17 pure gold. O
f hammered ivork the lampstands
1:s .I<) 2 1
~ l i:
i
I
s
t
o
be
made.
Its base," its branches, its cup,
21'1t 111:Il 1
7 . 2
its knobs" and its blossoms are t o proceed out

;E:g;.l:i
:$

1 irh 9 2

jIL" 1 ~ 1 2
Ilr 4:S

HC"i:23
"""37:1s

?%SLnd

from it. And six branches are running out

from Its sldcs, thrcc branches of the lampstand
from the one side and three branches of the

lampstand from the other side,# 39 Three cups

sl~apedlike flarvers of dmond* are on the one
set of branches, wlth knobs and blossoms alternntina, and three cups shaped like flowers of
almond on the other set of branches, with knobs
2EXa7:1e and blosson~s~Iternnting,"
This is the way it is
wlth t l ~ csix brmches running out from the
lnmpstand. "And on the lampstand are four
cups shaped like flowers of almond, with its
IEx37:W knobs and its blossoms alternatingA And the
knob under two branches is out of it and the
knob under two other branches is out of i t and
the knob under two more branches is out of it,
for the six branches running out from the lampEEX3'1:21 stand.O 5':Theirknobs and their branches are t o
proceed out from it. All of it is one piece of
Ilarnrnered work, of pure gold.' aTAndyou must
*JcrX:ll

" T h c g must carry," Snm8y. bLitcrnlly. "with 1phich it is to be

poured." C Or? ''hwad of Prewnce'j; T7g, *'lonrw of pmentation."
d Or, "tlligh ; flnnk."

279

make seven lampso for it, and the lamps must O m a7:zo
be lit up and they must shine upon the area in
front of itP And its snuffers and its fire ~ ~ $ 4 3
holders are of pure gold." 39 Of a talent of p m 2Ch 13:11
goldR he should make it with all these utensils ' ~ . ~ ~ ~
of it. And see that you make them after their ii:f
pattern that was shown t o you in the mountain." ;$;i22t8
"And the tabernaclell"* you are to make Eg; g:g
of teen tent cloths, of fine twisted lineno EY m:<a
8:4
and blue thread and wool dyed reddish purple Ku
~ch
28:Il
and coccus scarlet material. Cherubs" you are k;$%
to make with the work of an embroiderer. m e 'E; 2';
length of each tent cloth is twenty-eight cubits G
u
,eb3
2
;,:
and the width of each tent cloth is four cubits. p;r,'bz?:;
There is one measure for all the tent c l ~ t h s .~~E Yza:.~
Eu 3Lm6
Five tent cloths are t o form a series with the aGe
3 : ~
one joined to the other, and five tent cloths a
series with the one joined to the other.' %d , ~ ~ $ $ ~ 8
you must make loops of blue thread upon the
edge of the one tent cloth at the end of the +EX 36:10
series, and you are to do the same upon the edge
of the outermost tent cloth at t h e other place
of junction.@ YOUwllI make fifty loops on the 'BEg36:11
one tent cloth, and fdty loops you will make on
the extremity of t h e tent cloth that is at the
other pIace of junction, the loops being opposite
one to the other.* %d you must make fifty iggz
hooks of gold and join the tent cloths one to g; $;:!
the other by means of the hooks, and it must * ~ ; 6 ; 1

.,,:,

g:&

26

E;z&!:

become one tabernacle?

7 "And you must make cloths" of goat's hair"
for the tent; upon the tabernacle, You ~~411
make
eleven tent cloths. B T h e length of each tent
cloth is thirty cubits and the width of each tent
cloth is four c u b h A There is one measure for
a

"A talent of pure gold" = 115 lbs. trog..

OEX 224

E x 35:26
Nu 3130
2p.45

Ox, "residence glace."

EXODUS 26:-19

the eleven tent cloths. And you must join five

tent cloths by themselveso and six tent cloths
by themselves, and you m s t fold double the
sixth tent cloth at the forefront of the tent,
I n And you must make fifty loops upon the edge
of the one t e n t cloth, the outermost one in t h e
series, and fifty loops upon the edge of the tent
+Ex36:17 cloth at the other place of junction.' l3 And you
must make fifty hooks of copper and put the
hooks in the loops and join the tent together,
and it must become one. lZ And what remains
over of the cloths of the tent is an overhanging.
Half of the tent cloth that remains over is to
hang over the back of the tabernacle. I3And
the cubit on this side and the cubit on that side
in what remains over in the length of the cloths
of the tent will serve as an overhanging on the
sides of the tabernade, to cover it on this side
and on that.
14 "And you must make a coveringmfor the
9
tent of ram skins dyed red and a covering of
sedskinsa up on top,
15 "And you must make the panel framesb
for the tabernacle of acacia wood, standing on
end.' l8 Ten cubits is the length of a panel frame,
'E
EX
x 36.20
4 0 : ~
xu 4:31 and a cubit and a haIf is the width of each panel
*Ex
frame." Each panel frame has tvrv tenons
joined one t o the other. That is the way you will
"Ex 2 6 : ~do
~ with all the panel framesb of the tabernacle."
lA And you must make the panel frames for the
tabernade, twenty panel frames for the side
OEX 36:a3 toward the Neg'eb, to the south."
19 "And you will make forty socket pedestals
P E3 ~6 : ~

iZ

Or, "oovering of tahash lenther." $"Panel frames," rather than

"hoardd', which would have been solid timbers and hence of ponderous size and weight.

EXODUS 26 :20-30

281

280

of sflver under the twenty panel frames; two

socket pedestals under the one pane1 frame ntith
Its two tenons, and hvo socket pedestnls under
the other panel frame wit11 its two tenons.4
" And far the other side of the tabernacle, the
northern side, twenty panel frames,' 2 L and their
forty socket pedestals of silver, hvo socket
pedestals under t h e one panel f r ~ m eand two
socket pedestals under the other pnnel frame."
And for the rear sections sf the tabern~cle
t o the west you will make six pnnel frames."
And you will make two pane1 frames RS cor.
ner posts of tbe tabernacle on its two rear sec.
tIons." " And they should be duplicates a t the
bottom and together they should be duplicates
up to the top of each one a t the first ring. That is
the way it should be for the two of them. They
will serve as two corner posts.' 5BAndthere must
be eight panel frames and their soclret pedestals
of silver, sixteen pedestals, two soclret pedestals
under the one panel frame and two socket
pedestals under the other panel frameto
26 "And you must make barshof acacia wood,
five for the panel frames of the one side of the
tabernacle, 2? and five bars for the panel frames
of the other side of the tabernacle and i l v ~bars
for the panel frames af the side of the tabrnacle for the two rear sections t o the
" And the middle bar a t t h e center of the panel
frames is running through from end to cnd.'
29 "And you will overlay the panel frames
with gold, and their rings you will m ~ k of
e gold
as supports for the bars, and you must overlay
And you must set up" the
tabernacIe according to the plan of It that you
have heen shorn in the m~untain.'~

I
I

EXODUS 26 :31-27:3

31 " A n d you must make a mrtaln* of blue

thread
and -wooldyed reddish purple and coccus
2Ch 3:14
4!t r : s t scarlet material and Ane twisted linen. He will
:~:r 15:B
make it l v j t h d ~ e m b s Zhe~vorkof
,
an embroider1.~23::~
He%9:s
rreb rl>:mer.D 3a And you must put it upon four piflars'"
k,': :.& of acacia overlaid with gold. Their pegs are of
gold. They are upon four socket pedestals of
;Ego"::,,
4-2s:la
silver.
aa And you must put the curtain under
Ex 40 21
XU 3 31
the hooks and bring the Arkd of the testimonya
k 1 there within the curtain,+and the curtain must
iEb8i$ make a division for YOU between the Help and
theM~stHely.a'~And
you must put thecove?
cR,;\ki3
+2(:h
1ieb3:14
9:s upon the Ask of the testimony in the Most Holy."
5Ex Ji:10
35 "And you must set the table? outside the
E H e b 9:2
curtain" and the lampstand' opposite the table
CEv
mLe 13
:s6 2
IKI 8:6 o n the side of the tabe~nacle
toward the south,
2Ch 5:7
and the table you will put on t h e north side."
Heb 9.3
BEY 25
E X ~ O : ~ D36 And you must mnlce n screenA for the enge$$5 trance of the tent of blue0 thread and wool dyed
reddish purple nnd coccus scarlet material and
&'%
, a;
40 2 1 fine twisted linen, the work of a weaver, 37 And
L E x 36 37
EX 4 0 you
~
must make for the screen five pillars of
bEu 25.1
acacia and overIny thern with gold, Their pegs
EY 35.6
are of gold. And you must cast for thern five
ma
socket pedestals of copper."
"And you must make the altax'Bof acacia
wood, five cubits its length md five
Ex 4039 cubits its width. The altaP should be foursquare, and its height three cubits, And you
;2;!;18
~ z e ~ 3 : 1must
3
make i t s hornsQpon its four corners.
Heb 13:10
Its
horns
will pracecd out of it, and you must
a1Ki
c 4:7
1.50
Y S 118:27 overlay it with copper. %d
you must make its
cans for clearing nwny its Patty ashes,b and its
'mS:Jr
EX 40121

Le f6.2

27

the bars with gold."

Or, "the fioly of I t o l i ~ , ~h4'Fntty

'
a ~ b e ~ , "t 'h ~ tiq the burned
of the altnr sonked with the nrkiinnl fat.

wood

EXODUS 27:4-12

282

283

EXODUS 27 :13-21

shovels,&and its basinsrband its forks, and its

pedestals ten.* Is And the width of the courtyard
fire holders, and you will make all its utensilsc
on the east side toward the sunrising is fifty
of copper." And you must make a grating for "3*:3
cubits.+ And there are fifteen cubiG of hangit, a network* of copper, and you must make *g;;i;6
ings to one side,a their pillars being three and
upon the net four rings of copper a t its four
their socket pedestals three.+ " And for the othextremities. And you must put i t under the
er side" there are fifteen cubits of hangings,
altar's rim down within and the net must be
their pillars being three and their socket pedesOEx a 1 5
toward the center of the altar.= And you must om38~4
tals three?
make poles for the altar, its poles being of
16 "And for the gate of the courtyard there
35:25
acacia wood, and you must overlay them with Am 35.15
is a screen twenty cubits long, of blue" thread
copper.' And its poles must be put into the
and wool dyed reddish purple and coccus scarlet
~282
rings, and the poles must be upon the two sides OEX
3i:i
material and fine twisted linen, the work of a
of the altar when carrying itao A hollow chest&!&: :+
*Ex28:39
EX m37 weaver:
their pillars being four and their
of planks you will make it. Just as he showed ?;2:43&
Ex 3929 socket pedestals four.' l 7 All the pillars of the
'Ex 38:18
you in the mountaia,d so they will make it.- $,7$;
courtyard round about have fastenings of silver,
9 "And you must make the courtyard0 of the zg;
and their pegs are of silver but their socket
tabernacle. Far the side toward the Neg'eb, t o E:O0:&
gEE z$i9 pedestals of c0pper.l l9 The length of the courtthe south, t h e courtyardmhas hangings of fine ;FAIG$::
is a hundred cubits" and the width fifty
$:%
;Ex 3 ~ yard
0
twisted linen," a hundred cubits being the length r~84:lO
cubitsb
and the height five cubits, of fine twisted
xu 3:n
+EX 39:n linen, and their socket pedestals being of copfor the one side. '%nd
its twenty pillars and
24:2
their twenty socket pedestals are of copper.* . ~ ~ 3 ~ 0 ~ 1 4 Le
Zec 4.11 per, Is And all the utensilsc of the tabernacle in
Re 11 4
The pegs of the pillam and their jointse are of *E\: &:lo
"EX 30:16 all i l s service," and all its tent pins, and all the
silver.* " So, tm, it is for the north sjde in *EX 31:4
'~;~:"s'10 pins of the courtyard are of copper."
length, the hangings being for a hundred cubits
20 "AS for youl you are to command the sons
of length, and. its twenty pillars and their
gf brae1 that they get for you pure, beaten
,pY4'&
twenty socket pedestals being of copper, the
,g; g''i;l olivep oil0 for the luminaryo in order t o light
pegs of the pillars and their jointse being
up the lamps9 constantly.'
In the tentm of
=EX
3Ex 303
22~3
of s i l ~ e r , ~ for the width of the court- n ~ 3 8 : 1 1
meeting,a
outside
the
curtain'
that is by the
, : , , ,=
yard, an the west side the hangings are of fifty
Testim~ny,
Aaron
and
his
sons
will
set it in or:%:$,
cubits, their pillars being ten and their socket
ders from evening3 till morning" before JehopEX 25:43 vah. It is a statutes to time indefinite for their
B Or, ''lvash jugs.,'
b Or, "bowls."
"And all its utensils,'! LXX
'Exg0:15
generations," t o be performed by the sons of
(B), Sy; "As respects all its utensils," 31. * "Just as he shored J-ou

cs

in the rnonntair," 3LSmSy; "according t o what was shown you iu

the mountain, LA=; "just as it has been shorn to you i n the
mouutnin,'Tg. Or, "rings; hoops; bands; fillets"; for attachments.

*Le 24:3
Xu 15:23

IsraelmB

liter all^., u~houliler." "Fifty rubita," Sam ; "fifty bp flftp,"

;.ZLLHSSy; "fifty [cubits]." T'g.
Or, "furniture; f m i ~ h i n g ~ . ' '
a

EXODUS 28 :1-10

2814

"And as for you, bring near t o yourself,

AaronG your brother and his sons with ;z,31;10
him from the midst of the sons of Israel that he
may act as priest to me,=Aaron,ANa'dab and "I,, lo:^
30 1
A.bi'hu,'* E-Ie-a'zaPand Ithpa.mw,' the sans of C1.r
- I[ I . I ~
Aaran, = And you must make hol yP garmentsn
for Aaran your brother foeor glory"nc1 beauty," '- 1.:"I.,,. ?'I,.lR
ln 2.3
* And you yourself are to speak t o 811 the ones
wise with a heart3 that I have fiIlec1 with The cr,:x.xb.,
spjritp of wisdom,P and they must make Aaron's l i E K 31:3
garments f o r sanctifying him, thnt he may act * KLXo 3:21
111:10
I C 1;:s
~
as priest to me.*
1c:t\ 2 \ : 2
4 dnA"'
these are the garments that they will *;;;$;5
make: a breastpiece," and an eph'od' and a .y.; f;:&L
sleeveless coat' and a robe of checker work, o
:~;;
turbanc and a sash;"' and they must make the ~m.I.~.I,
:,:R
holy garmen- for Aaron your brother and his :! i::"
sons, that he may act as priest to me. And 5% E;::
I
they themselves will take the golda and the blue
thread and the wool dyed reddish purple and
t;;;$;;m
coccus scarlet material and t h e fine 1inemm
.I#,
K ~il:zn
6 "And they must make the ephrod of gold,
bIue thread mdwool dyed reddish purple, coccus
scarlet material and fine twisted linen, the work
of an embroiderer.' ;And it is t o have two shou1- 'Ex SD:S
1
der pieces to be joined at its two extremities,
and it must be joined."a And the girdle,' which :F,x gi4
is upon it for tying it close, according to its $ ~ x ~ : z o
workmanship should be of its materials, of gold, LC ':'
blue thread and wool dyed reddish purple and
coccus scarlet material and fine twisted lfncn.
4
9 "And you must take hvo onyxbDstones and OEX
inscribe" upon them the names of the sons of ~?;~3;j;
Israel, lo six of their names upon the one stone
md the names of the six remaining ones upon
* 01',"belt; girdle.!' b Or, "cnrnellan!'

28

s;;,kl

;/;;cz2

285

EXODUS 28 :11-21

other stone in the order sf their birth^.^

With the work af an engraver of stones, with
the cuttings of a senl, you are to inscribe the
two stonm with the names of the sons of Israel.
Set in settings of gold is how you will make
*Ex39:13 them.' " And you must put the t ~ v o
stones upon
:ExR16 the shoulder pieces of the epll'od as memorialD
C&39:7
stones for the sons of Israel," and Aaran must
carry their names before Jehovah upon his. .two
shoulder pieces as a mernorinl;,' And you must
'L
NeU2 41s:40
:T
make settings of gold, L h ~ n two
d chains of pure
'm3s:ls gold.* As cords you wit1 make them, with the
workmanship of a rape, and you must attach
the ropellike chains to the settings.'
15 "And you must make the breastpimen of
judgmento wifh the tvorkrnanahip of an em-Ex 39%
9h1**
braiderer. Like the worltrnnnship of the eph'od
E h 6'14 YOU will make it, Of gold, blue thread and wool
' 5'8 dyed reddish purple snd mccua scarlet material
and fine twisted llncn you will make it. l q t
should be foursquare when doubled, a span of
the hand being its length and a span of the hand
its width. And you must fill it with a filling of
stones,
there being four rows of stonesP A row
L=39:m
- J O ~s : ~
of
ruby,
topaz' and emerald* b the first row.
FEY
Re 21
~P:IO
ZQ
EM Z 1 6 l4 And the second raw is turquoise,- sapphireX
EP 21:19
. E X ~ : I I and jasper." l* And the third row is lesh'emr
stone,a agateba and amethyst.%50 And the fourth
mw is cl~rysolite~~wand
onyx'' and jade. Soelcets
gold should be in their Alllngs. ?1 And the
;E$$:;; of
stones should he ~ecordingt o the names of the
:~,e,z,i'g~
T E X 3 8 : ~sons of Israel, the trvclve according to their
I V l K i l8:3I names." With the cuttings of a seal they should
(E:;.j33the

za%;*17

'%&'ern

shebo, n ~d

"

stone," 31; "Fiflr~," LXXVR. ts'Agate,'p LdYXT-g;

of precioue stone, X. t ''UIrq*~ohte,"LleXTg; tnr-

EXODUS 28 :22-30

286

be, each one according t o its name, for the

&EX 1 2
ttwlve tribes.=
Jas 1:l
22 "And you must make upon the breastpiece wreathed chains, in rope work, of pure
gold,' '"nd
you must make upon the breastpiece two rings of gold," and you must put the *Ex25:=
two rings u p ~ nt h e bvo extremities of the
b r m s tpiece. s4 And you must ptt t t hc two ropes
of gold through the f x o rings at the extremities
of t h e breastpi,i;ece.O 25 And you will put the two
ends of the two ropes through the two settings
and you must put them upon the shoulder pieces
of the ephtod, at the forefront of it,' 2fl And you 'Ex 39:4
must make two rings of gold ~ n set
d them ~t
ZIle two extremities of the breflstplece upon 'Its
edge that Is on the side toward the cph'od inward. '7 And you must make tlvo rings: of gold
and put them upon the two shoulder pieces of
thc ephfocl from below, on its forefront, near its
place of joining, above the girdle of the eph'ad," mEx
" And they mill bind the brcaslpiece by its rings
to the rings of the eph'od with a hllre string,
that JL may continue above the gIrdle of the
cph'od and the breastpiece may not get dls=a
39:~
placed from on top the eph'od:
29 "And Aaron must carry the nnmes of the *g:gjg
sons of Ismel on the breastptece5 of judgment $?;:$"
over his heart when he comes into the Holy as g;g::ll
a memorial before Jehovah constantly.* And iz; $:!;
you must put the Urrim' and tho T h u m h i m n E<r&?2
"'The Utrirn and the Thum'mim," IT; "tl~s
Ii&t and the p e r k tioil," Sy; "the explanation (rnnnifestntion)n11rlthe tntth:?
LXX;
"thn d o r t r i n ~and the trnth," Vg. Iln~~r.rccsr,
SyLXSTg are tmderstood ta he gumsing a t thc nlearrlng' o f t l ~ R
r ~c h ~ o wexpression. The
IJ'~.ilaw ~ dThrmmfrnim were 1 1 ~ din rlelivor5na nrncles o r sawed

pronhuncc~ucnts.

287

EXODUS 28 ;3 1 - 4

Into the breastpiece of judgment and they must

prove to be over Aaron's heart when he comes
in bef0'al.e Jehovah, and Aaron must carry t h e
judgments" of the sons of Israel over his heart
before Jehovah constantly.
31 "And you must make the sleeveless coat
o ~ ~ ~ 2 "the
f eph'od completely of blue thread." " And
there must be an opening at Its toph in the middle of jt. Its apening should have R border round
about, the product of a loom worker. Like the
opening of a coat of mailc It should be for it,
that it may not be torn. "And, you must m ~ k e
upon the hem of it pomegranatesAof blue thread
A2~1.~;~,!7
and wool dyed reddish purple and coccus scarlet
upon i t s hem round about, and bells"
4Ec:3zornnterid,
of gold in between thein round about; " a bell
of gold and a pomegranate, R bell of gold m d
R pomegranate upon the hema of the sleeveless
*Ex59:2& coat round about.' And it must be upon Anron
that he may mini~ter,'and thc sound from him
must be heard when he goes into the sanctuarye
@LC 18-2
noil
6 1 2 before Jehovah and when he comes out, that
3!>:30
he may not die?
Le
~ c ' hIn:m
36 "And you must make a shining plate of
,
r h !,7
pure gold nnd inscribe upon it with the cuttings
?,
:
of a seal, 'HoIiness belongs t o J~hovah." And
"rsx"
V:U :"I (,
lmk
;irr::jl you must fasten it rrrlth a blue string and it
%PC 3 5
*r,is l o 17 1nt1stcome to be upon the turban," On the fore1 , t h T2,9
1 ~ 1 front of the turban it should come ta be. 5 3 And
it must come to be upon Aaron's forehead and
:7:,;'7,:;
2 . u J1.7
Aaron must answer' fw t h e Iniquityz committed against the holy objects, which the sons of
Israel will sanctify, that is to say, all their
n

:I

,
'

l l J ~ ~ d g t ~ ~L-XTSS;
~~it~,''

''judgment," MT'g, b Or, open in^ for his

!lead." ''Vent of! mui1,"or a aort of u~nntlo01- onpe u ~ c din Egypt
Eor ilaclting Iho Iigure of a god, Or, "~kirt!' 6 Or, "thv TToly,'"

EXODUS 28:39-29 :3

288

holy gifts,@ and it must stay upon his forehead -23:m

constantly t o gain approval" for them before me z:ll
Jehovah.
39 "'And you must weave in checker work
the robe of fine linen" and make a turban of flne AEs28:4
linen, and you will make a sash,Qthe work of a b=2ks
weaver.
40 "And for Aaron's sons you will make
robes,' and you must make sashes for t h m , and
you will make headgear9 for them for glory
and beauty." And with them you must clothe

,
,:,

;;p;yI,
@H;B;L
Le8:13

Anron your brother and his sons with him, and .2$i1'
you must anoint" them* and fill their hand with 2:; g;?
powera* and sanctify them and they must act Zg;?
RS priests to me. *' And make drawers of lineno OE* 3 9 : ~
for t t ~ e r nto cover the naked flesh.:3 From the 9Ex3":32
h i e and to t h e Banks they are to extend. IgE:
':And they must be upon Aaron ~ n his
d sons g;_U
' S3;'?
when they come into the tent' of meeting o r g ~;;i;;
when they go near t o the altnP t o minister in ES 3 9 : ~
the sanctuary, that they may not incur iniquityo rlE%%6
~ n certainly
d
die.o It is a statute3 t o time Indef- Ek: 2;
inite for him and his offspringb after hlrn.' ;g;;~~y
"And this is the thing that you are t o do
to them t o sanctify them for acting as
priests to me: Take a young bull,c and two rams,' ah5:E
sound ones,* ? and unfementcd3 bread2 and un- E
gz$g
fcrrnented ring-shaped cakes moistened with oil
g;
and unfermented wafers smeared with oil.' Out zch 1s:9
of fine wheat3 flour you will make them. A And FE;P&m
you must put them upon a basket and present
them in the baskev and also the bull and the
two rams.

29

cs

eu;i;

Or "nnd empower them.') Litrrallp, "and RI1 their hand."

t t g ~ ~ ~ 3, Literally,
j !

"one bull, a son of tho Ilsrd.f'

Or,

4 "And you will present Aaron and his sons

at the entrance' of t h e Cent oC meeting and you
must wash them with water." Then yotr must
with the
1m
r. .r1):12 tnke the garments' md clothe h ~ r o n
robc
ancl
the
sleeveless
coat
of
the
eph'od
nnd
!~k:~o!zz
E.?,P H : ;
with the eph'od and the brenstpiece, and you
PnW:R
must tie it closely to him with t h e @rdleO of
the eph'd. And you must set the turl,an upon
his head7 and put the h o l p sign of dcdicationa
F~c,~;,
-I:\ 3 + 3 ~ upon t h e turban:
Aizd you must take the
1.r: H:q
*EX 26,341
F:K 4n,29
7.r R . ?
mt.:u :lIl:lR

.Im:e .r8.ilanointing oiImand

I,,< .!ll;Zs
~ n o i n thim.
I .w

i: i: jo

pour it upon his head md

R "'T~enyou will bring his sons near and you

clothe them with the robesbwAnd you
181:1
- 1 :%
~ W D rnlist: gird them with the sashes, Aaron as well
~ . c ~ l : {as his sons, and you nlust wrap the headgear
upon them, and the priesthood must become
:LC! 211
- E Xm 2 1 theirs as a statutec to timeD
So you
=I:< !!\:I
inust
fill
the
hand
of
Aaron
nnd
the
hand
of
1 : 79,.11
~
1.k:12,23
,
his sons with powernb*
"'"' ',"
30 "YOUmust now present the bull before
C1,P l : l
tent of meeting and Aaron and his sons
1:; the
must lay their hands upon the hull's head."
""0 :,."I
~-1.r
1 '3
l1And you must slaughter the bull before J ehoC 1.v R : ? . i
-I.%2: Z!
vah,
a t the entrance of the tent or rneetingaA
,:I 1.2
'%d
you must take some of the huIl's blood4
c1 , I
I,c L:'I
and put it with your finger upon the horns of
,] ,,:,
F I ,
~ :,
~ ~ the ~ltar,'and alI the rest of the bIoed you will
1.r li412 pour out at the base of the ~ l t a r .I,S
~And yod
1x1 l ! i l
QJ.? 1:q
nust
take
all
the
fat"
that
covers
the
intestines4
J ,P ?I: 14
* r . ~R:IG
~ n c Ithe appendage' upon the liver and the two
14, !I: l!#
kidneys and the fat that is upon them, and you
C I . ~17:ti
c 1 :<
7
But
:.[,
lnp must make them smokea upon the
the bull's fleshAand its skino and Its dung you
,I.!;b~:,.li,:l
m Or, "fhr ha17 dindem," or, "the diadem of h o l i n e ~ ~b, 'See
~ ohap-

:;j':.j?j

, must

,,,

ter 29, w m e 41, footnotea.

EXODUS 29 :15-22

290

will burn with fire outside the carnp,O It L a 3E~32:17

C L 4:3
~
sinz offering.
15 "Then you rvill take the one ramFO
and .h*:lfl
Aaron and his sons must lay their hands upon
the ram's head.* And you must slaughter the '&1&,
ram and take its blood and sprinkle i t round
about upon the altar." And you will cut up
the ram into its pieces and you must wash its
intestines' and its shanks and put its pieces to
one another and up to its head. " B d you must =?;;?if
Isa 7
make t h e entire ram smoke upon the altar. Et
7:;
is a burnt offeringr to Jehovah, a smell of a p :;I,;:
;k
3'
peasement.' It is an offering-made
by fire8 t o

lz;:;:

'!::

?EX fi0:20
Jek~vah.~
1.c 2:?
I9 "Nezrf you must take the other ram, and N u 1 s : ~
Awon and his sans rnust lay their hands upon
the ram's head." 'O And you must slaughter the 'LR 8:za
ram and take some of its blood and put it upon
the lobe of Aaron's right e a r and upon the lobe
of his sons' right ear and upon the thumb of
their right hand and the big t o e of theh right
foot,Qand you must sprinkle the blood round Ck,8
!:$f4
about upon the altar. 91 And you rnust take some
of the blood that is upon the altar and some
of the anointing oil' and you must spatter it -%;Q;p
upon Aaron and his garments and upon his sons
and the garmenk of his sons with him, that he F~I~;;:
and his garments and his sons and the garments
of his sons with him may indeed be holymm +soh 17:te
22 "And you must take from the ram the fat!
and the fat tail' and the fat that covers the in9:19
testins, and the appendage of the liver and the

EfcAa~
offering made

EXODUS 29 :23-30

291

fire." This is its use~Irendering, a6 though

the Rehrew ~ x ~ r e s s i owere
n
derived from esh, ''fire." Others, tlcriving it from omsJr, take it to mean "the means by which to ect up
fri~ndlymlations with God". See Leviticna 1: 9,iootnotec.

two lticlney~and the fat that is upon them and

:b; ;i;92M the rigrl toleg," for i t i s a ram of i~~stallation;~"
also a ro~indloaf of bread and a ring-shaped
I <I::!!
i~
iu.18 cake OE oiled bread and a wafer out of the
l,v Rm35
bnslccf of untermcnted cakes that is before
Je110vaI1~f4 h d j'ou must place them d l upon
the palrns of Aaron and upon the palms of his
"hem
sons," and you must wave then to and fro as
s:= a
offering before Jeb~ovah.~ And you
LC 7.30
LC 11.t;l
, must take them off their hands and make them
Lv 10 14
srnolrc upotl the aItar upon the burnt offering as
'L@a:m R smell of appeasetnent before Jehovah.* It is
an offering made by fireb t o Jehovah."
Qte
:Snlq:p
? ,n
7::~
26 " A n d you must take the breast" of the ram
LC n L!I
Nu iq.18 of insfalIntionn which is f o r Aaron and wave it
-r,t:
II
to and Cro as a wave offering before Jehovah
L~ H :"I
L C ":.'I
LC I,,. 15 and it must become your portion. ':And you
h'u fi,2ll must sanctify-he
breast" of the wave offering
, ,
,
:ld('7.LLl
md the leg of the sacredo portion= that was
EX F:aa waved m d that was contributed from the ram of
1 7-37
instnllation," from what was for Aaron and from
L C t('L!H
A
:
what U'RS for hi13 sons. And it must become
IAC, 113. Id
N U I-,:!!) Aaron's md his sons' by a regulation t o time
?4 tl 1v:2,1
indeflnife to be perlormed by t h e sons of Israel,
,.I,Y; 11 because it is a sncred portion,^ and it will become a sncred portion" t o be rendered by t h e
1 . : ~:+l~.-{a s o n s o
f Israel. From their communionc sacriEY d):JB
I . 1fices"
it is their sacrecF portion for Jehovah.
xu .:'1:;9
.IE~
s :",:!)
2.:: 11
29 "And the holy garments' that are Aaron's
INK.Y~
,will sew@ for his sons" after him to anoinV
1.c I b . 3 2
I(.I, 21J I them in them and to fill their hmd with powerw
^L;X " l.1
in them. "" Swen days' the priest? who succeeds
.Lr. F 3r,
LC !' ?
him from among his sons and who comes into
<%

2j

'

2h

;:

,,,,

n Litrmllp, "Riling";

that is, fllling o f the hand with power, an

etnpoww~nfi, b SPPwrse 18, footnote% Or, "hmw offering; eontrilllition."' Or, "Frolin the sacriflcee of their peare offerinp?

EXODUS 29 :31-39

292

293

the tent of meeting to minister2 in the sanctuary will wear them.

31 "And you will take t h e ram of Installation and you must boil its flesh in a holy place.' 33,"i3f3
And Aaron and his sons must eat the flesh of
t h e ram and the bread that is In the basket at
the entrance of the tent of meetinganI Y And they ' L o A : ~ ~
must eat the things with which atonementb hns
been made t o fill their hand with power irz order 1~~ ID:??
to sanctify themdoBut a stranger1l0may not eat,
~
them, because they are samething holy.' And hNu' :r'lo
:0:,10
1f Rny of the flesh of the installationJ sacriflcc -1-6 7 3 7
and of the bread should, be left over until the
morning, then you must burn what is left over
A X 12:lO
with fire.' It must not be eaten, because Et is 12%
IklY
LP ;:IO
someZIling holy.
Lc 8 3 %
35 "And you must do this way Eo Aaron and
his sons according to all that I have commanded
you.' You will take seven days ta fill, their hnnd 'Lo
wjth power." 3G And you will offer the bull of the "Los!Os
sin offering daily for an atonement* and you
must prrrify t h e altar from sin by your making '&!j&k
atonementc over it," and you must anointAit to ::2
sanctify it. " You
take seven days to make
atonement over the altar and you must sanctify@ .lo.lo
it that it may indeed become a most holy ~ltar.' '-30:m
Anyone whoc touches the altar Is to be holy? :?;$;"
38 "And this is what you will offer upon the i,'ik AGi40
alttlr: young rams each a year old, two a day $:j;; bkzi$"
constantly,' " And you will offer the one young ;:;,9$7,
ram" in the morning3 and you will offer t h e '"<110:15
other young ram between the two eveningsflo
pm35:14

;r;X;3i

"'

4Litcrtllly, "a corering." b Or, %on-Anronitc," t11nt is, n man not

of t l u family of Aaron. Or, "drbytt6ng that." d 01; "sna mnlo
Jamb." * Sce Exodns 13 : 6, footnoted,

EXODUS 29 :4-0:4

4Qhdatenth*part~fane'phahmeasure~effin
flour moistened with the fouslll of a hin of beaten
oill and a drink"fiering3 of the fourth of a lain
2Exm:9
ELe l0:9
r ~ 35:14
e
of wine,@~villgo for the A r s t young ram. " And
LR 2.333
Isa 5;:s you ivil3 offer the second young ram between the
Php 227
two evenjngs,'. WiEh a grainQ offering like that
CGX 30:8
i8iZ9of the morning m d with a drink offering like its
you will render it as R smell of appeasement, an
offering made by flrel"o Jehovah, " It is a concExm:8
stant$ hurnt offcring throughout YOUR generaXu a 6
nas:i1 tions at the entrance of the tent of meeting before Jehovah, where I shall present myself to
YOU people to speak to you there.'
-2
SUIT;^
43"AndIi~illpresentrnysdf~ereto~
sons of Israel, and it' will certainly be sanctiby my g I ~ r y **And
.~
I will sanctify the
FF&y;,
3;11 fied
H a 2.7
tent
of
meeting
and
the
altar,
and I shall sancrLe 51.L
te=:9
tify* Awon and his sons Ear them to act as
JOh lo:%
f will tento in the midst of
:Ex m 1 0 priests to me,
++~x25:8 the sons of Israel nnd I will prove t o be their
LO %:I2
God.+"4"Andthey will certainly know that I a m
2ec2.10
2Co 6:16
e
them out
Eph 7:n Jehovah their God, who h ~ v brought
of the land af Egypt that I may tent in the midst
26:*
of them: I am Jehovahc thdr God,"
:Ex -1
"And you must make an altar@as a place
rte 1 1 : ~
1
%
for
burning incense;" out of acacia wood
Le 19:2
EX m:5 you will make it. % cubit In length and a cubit
LEs 3 7 : s
in width, it should he foursqu~re,and its height
EX 40:s
La 4:7
,KI s:zo two cubits, Its hornsr extend out of it,' a And
must overlay it with pure gold, its top sur:&h2";Ti1"ou
-Ex37.E
face and its ~ l d e s dround about and its horns,
m37:2
and you must make a border of gold" sound
Qms7*6 about for it." 4 You will also make for it hvo
'-16:s
XU 2%

,. ,:,

30

a
$

The teneh part of nn e'pbnh, nccardinr t o LXX nt Xmhcw 15 ;4.

See verse 18, footnote^. C "It," MSy ; '(tho nltnr," TE. Literally,

i~mlls~y

EXODUS 30:5--13

295

294

rings of gold.' Down beEmv its border upon two mE~m12

of its sides you will make them, upon two opposite sides of it, as they must serve ns supports for the poles with which t o carry it." *& 37:m
~ And you must make the poles of acacia wood BE^ 25:13
and overlay them with gold." a And you must ::n ZiE
put it before the curtain' that is near the Ark ~ ~ ; ~ 9 : ~
of the testimony, before the cover' which is bl.x 31:;
over the Testimony, where I shall present myA L 16:13
~
seIE to you,"
03% 2:B
7 "And Aaron must make perfumed Incense LC,h$:l3
smokea upon it morning by rno~ning.~
When he O L E 2:11
dresses the lamps0' he will make it smoke. :gEi$;g
And when Aaron Iights up the lamps between 1s. 2 3
thc two
he will makc it smoke, It is s h 6 : m
an incense constantly before Jehovah during mflebkr3
vom ~enerations,~
YOUmust not oRer upon it E
i :!.&
illegitirnnteb incense' or a burnt offering or a ki%2-:
graino ~ f f e r i n gand
, ~ YOC must not pour R drink"
: : : : ; ; ;$
offering upon it. l0And A R Y O rnust
~
malie *?::;
~ t o n e r n e n tupon
~
its horns once a year.. With
some of the blood of the sin offering* of t h e F U l : a
atonement hewillmakeatonement lor itoncea &ji%$i"l
year during YOC'R generations. It js most holy"
to Jehovah."
I1 And Jehovah went on to spcak to Moses, a'Ndlh?;?
saying: lv"Whenever you take the sum aP the gLg&
sons of Israels as a census of them,a" then they CEX
PNU40%
E:31
"2
must each give a ransomcpv for h h soulIi t o
Jehovah tvheng taking a m u s of them, that 3Ex32:35
there may come to be no plagur upon them
n:r2
when&taking a census of them.' %
' Thsi is what f Cn
Ch n Z 1
@

Srn Exodus 12 6,

'%%

: footnoted. b LiteraIly, di~tranpe,''8 Literally-,

Or, ''by their registered ones." * Literally, ''covering?'
Or,'Lreparaltion!~L a ,Egtevon (in tho plural nnmbe~-),
f "Soul," or,
#'life." Hebrew, asplb'e~h;LA=, pps~,claS',r Or,"because of."

gift,"

EXODUS 30 :14-23

d l those will give who pass over to those numa half shekel by the shekcla of the sane'Pwenty ge'rahs equal a shekel."*A half
~ ) L o ~ j { ~ l tuary.b
a
;1:1 17:21 shekel is the contribution" .to Jehovah.' l d Everyotle passlng over to those rcgislered from
* N UI:?
>LI 1.m-J
twenty years old# and upward will give Jeho.iu Z1,!2
ku
12. I I vah's contribution. ' T h e rich* sl~ouldnot give
"JobR 1.1R
more nnd the poor must not give less than the
hnlE
shekel in order to give Jehovah's contribu~ L li?ll
F
?:r
;?I:?
tion
so ns te make atonement:: for YOUR ~0111s.
2:1n 21:,l
cl-c 2:::11
And you rnust take the silver rrloncy0 of the
ntonement from the sons of Isr~eland give it
pE""521
in behalf of the service0 of the tent0 of meeting,
:$:1~'6:.1* that it may indeed serve as a memorialoAbefore
Jehovah for the sons of Israel to make atonement for YOUR souls."
17 And Jehovah spoke further t o Moses, saying:
3A"Yot~mustrnakea
basincbof copperand
;1-c H m I$L
its
stand
of
copper
for
washina,
and you m t ~ s t
1lil 7 : s
z c h II:? put it between the tent ol rnceling nnd the altar
'':'
and put water into it.' lL
And ARron and lzis
sons must wash their lsands and tlleir fwtat it.'
aF;2"$,
3
1
I : c ~ r l o :r4r
~ When they go into the tent of m w t i n g they
,1411 wash \vith water that they mny not die,*
or when they go near the altar to minister in
l:"ilder
to make a~ oRe14ng"rnRde by fire smoke
to Jehovah. And they must wash their hands
and their feet that they may not die, m d it
a1:18 must serve as a regulation t o timeQ indeflaite
for them, for him and his offspring throughout
m 4 3 their generations.""
22 And Jehovah continued to speak to Moses,
saying: 23 "As for you, take to yourself the

amLan:m bered:

~ 1

n"Ahrkcl,"
R~PIIcL."

M8yVg-b "di.cirneh'ma,lqL;PX, bOr,

Or, "laverf"

'w the

holy

EXODUS 30:24-34

2%

297

choicest perfumes: * myrrhu In congealed dropsa *?; f2m

five hundred units, and sweet cinnamonA Sn gCfiF2,
half that amount, two hundred and fifty units,
F;
and sweet calamusbtwo hundred and fifty units, y;
APT 7 1 7
and cassia' five hundred wits by the shekeIq :i:htf3
of the sanctuary, and olive3 oil a hin.' z S Then bra 4:14
you must make out s f it a holy anointing oil, an C;:,!;:9,
ointment, a mixture that is t h e tvclrk of an *{?$;;ls
ointmentmaker.'Itistobeaholyanointingob w u r l 17
J1.C 1-v.12

26 "And you must a n o h r with it the tent sf CIA

10
meeting" and the Ark of the testimony, and 'k,\I., 2';:
1:) .w
the table and all its utensils and the lampstand #$:
2,
and i t s utensils and t h e a1tar of incense, nn and .:[ih:>;!:U,
t h e altar of burnt offering and all its utensils
~nrl
md the basin and its stand. '@Andyou must n3.-l : s 5.10
sanctify them that they may indeed become F U ' ~ ' : I
most holy. Anyoneh touching them is to be AEX 2B:m
holy.' And you will anoint Aaron and his sons
$A!:o
m d you must sanctifyo them for acting as o K x d l ~ ~ : l o

:+
3&r;z;

4 EX 2 9 : ~
priests to me.'
'Kx 4O:FS
31 "And you will speak to the sons of Israel, ~EP;;
saying, This is t o continue as a holy anointing pa sr:m
oil t o me during YOUR generations.' It is not +$
9:7
t o be rubbed in the flesh" of mankind, and with OLe T:lIJ
its composition YOU must not make any like it.
It is something holy. It is to continue as someg:;
thing holy for YOU. 33 Anyone who makes an tc.r:m
ointment like it and who puts some of it upan
a strangeFDmust be cut off6 from his pe~ple."'@~c2*:l0
34 And Jehovah went on t o say to Moses:
"Take to youself perfumes :" stacte drops and6: , m,EX ~ : 2 9
onycha and perfumed galbanm and pure frank- "% 3'::
incen~e.~"
There should be the same portion of ,E$::'

a 01;"myrrh of penrls:' that is, congealed drops 04 myrrh, reddiahyellow p i n g with white speckles, a Or, "Al~ythi~g."Litrrl~llp,
'ls~rsnger!~'articdarl~,a non-Aamnite. See Erotlua 29 : 32, 33.

'LQ2 1 3

LKx 16.91

;I.:x
L C ith:?
2'1.13

EXODUS 30:35-31 :10

each. And you must make it into an irrcense,

a spice mixture, the work of an ointment
maker, salted,"pure, something haly. 3G And yom
must bent some of it into fine powder and put
Some of it before the Testimony'" in the tent of
meeting, whcre I shall present myself to you.*
It sl~ouldbe most holy to YOU people. "And t h e

incense that you wiI1 make with this cornposition YOU must not make for yourselves. For
you it is to continue as something holy: to Jehovah. :lVVhoever makes any like it to enjoy its
smell
must be cut off- fmm Ilia people."
42i;9
3,c IT :!I
And Jehovah continued to speak t o
LC ~ ! I : H
Lo 29
Moses, saying: "See, I do call by name
&El(37:l
I3ez'~l.elo
the son of U'ri the son of Hur of the
?:a
rIn
l..~
3~:30
tribe of Judal.1." h d I shall fill him with the
CEX 1.21
: : : spirito' of God in wisdornp and in understandingp
.st1 7i.ItI
and in Imowlledgec and in every kind of crafts,: ,,I,,
manship," ' for designing devices,* for working
I!cj 7: 14 in gold ~lndsilver and copperlc "and in working
*F.X 2.i:'la
:
of stones to set thcmL and in working of wood
1.A 2\,15
to make products af every kind. %s for me,
y:(:h 2 7
..: [.;K:2'1.0
l p , : : ~ ~ look! I do put with hima O.ho'li.abb t h e son of
1 : :{I;
~ 1
A.his'anrn~chb
of the tribe of Dan, and in the
*v:Y 3q:23
henrt of everyone wise of heartQI do put wis";; ;:& dom,
that they may indeed make everything I
*Exn:n have comrnandecl you: ' the tent of meeting'
and the ArkGfor the testimony and the cove?
fE
B X~ :fi:ia
40:3
tvhich Is upon it, and all the utensils of the
*E*3;:10 tent, a and the table* and its utensils, and the
Impstand" of pure gold and all its utensils,
f;E:.gii7
t.:s :1;:m
and the altar" of incense,O and the altar" of
.
,
!
,
c1:y 2"'l
,.:, ,;:, burnt oflering and all its utensils, and the
.'-I+..< .J'>:lB basinA and its stand, 'Oand the garments of
--,:,,,
Or, "1 do girc to bc m-ith hirn."

.z

3]

,,:,

EXODUS 31 ;U-IS

298

Ex2fl:a
knitted work8 and the hoZy garmentsQ for bE<
33:l
Aarona the priest and the galments of his sons
for acting as priests; I1
and the anointing' oil- .Ir:e :{'~:3:
111,27
and t h e perfumed incenseDfor the sanctuary. *I,:%
~,:\;:,;.:srl
*"-'
J'J''"' 1
According to everything I have commanded
you they will do."b
12 And Jehovah said further to Moses: l a "As
*I:8
for you, speak t o the sons, of Israel, saying, kiFi
'Especially my sabbathsz' YOU are to keep, for ;F; ?,,;J1
:!'~:1?
jt is a sign* betrveen me and YOU during YOUR wr:rc
EL" "13;2>
generations that urn may h o w that I Jehovah: $1.: ::.,A:
am sanctifying YOU.^* l4 And YOU must keepz ~.::c'.:;.a
the sabbath, for it is. sornethlng holy to YOU. ;72 {,!i\7
I
A desecrator of it will positively be put t o '!:l;;,'::
death.' In case there is anyone doing work%on :1,;),";;1;3
it, then that sould must be cut off from the
midst of his peop1eac) Six days may work be
t$;F
done,' but on the seventh day is a sabbath of ,;y &5;
complete rest.e@It is something holy' t o Jeho- V..X :A121
?'I::<
vah. Anyone doing work on the sabbath day LC
I,u I J , I ~
will positively be put to death.' IG And the sons 'c:ib\i::f3
of Israel must keep the aabbath, so as t o cnrry
:;(:
out the sabbath during their generations. It is *Nu 15:Y
a covenant" t o time3 indefinite.' l7 Between me
and the sons of Israel it is a signut o time indef2,';:;R,
initq because in six days" Jehovah made the A2y,!;;'2
heavenso and the earth and on the seventh day -1.; 3-:13
he restedf and proceeded to refresh himself.' " O '$,:2:,
18 Now as soon as be had finished speaking
with him on M m t Si'naiP he proceded to give p E x M 2

oz!,k:Q

Or, "g,ments of official dress.'' LXT wads, "garment P. far pal)lie s m ~ e . ' ' But possibly ''curtains of knitted work" k rni-fint.
b Or, "make th~m." Or, "know that I am J ~ h o r ~ ln.hn
h in snnctifying you."' "Soul." Hebrew, n s p k ' ~ 8 h ; LdTiY, p y . c f r i r . * Or, "of
snhbatll observance.'" Or, 'Veasted.'' See Qeneaa 2: 2,9, foutnates" h.
a

299

EXODUS 32:l--6

Moses two tabletso of the testimony, tablets' of

stone written on by God" finger."

pz,
"E!,"
I)aL1.13

PCn R : l D
1,LI 11 20

Mrle~nwhiIlethe people got to see that

3loses"-was taking a long time about corningdown from themou~~tain.*Sothepeopleconc LO 1.7
gregated themselves about Aarong and said to
ihlm: "Get up, make for us a god8 who will go
ahead of \IS," because as regards this Moses, the
*r 1 ~ 2 9 marl who icd us up out of tile land of ~ g y p t :we
'!lo 1. 13
>rjrc I
certai~~ly
do not know what has happened to
C J K r( 3.1
IGhla l~irn."' A t this Aaron said t o them: "Tear off the
";:"
gold earrings"that are In the ears o f ~ o r m ~ i v ~
of y o n sons and or rom daughters and bring
them a me." " A t
once all the people began
'
tearing off themselves the gold earrings that
were jn their ears and bringing them to AaronP
Jcr 1O:o
Then he toolc the goldVmln their hands, and
t l lc. !I: 1 R
~ c* a 7:41
A
1 1 . 1 , ' ) he formed itb with a graving tool and proceedd
Ct(3n.Z
to make it into a molten ~ t a t u eof a calf,?' And
+lKi 1226
b e g ~ nt o say: "This !s your God," Israel,
zl;t
11% IIJI~.L!I
~ r r - Jtheye
~
1 : :
1~1'10
lecl
you up out of the land of E g ~ p t . " ~
D X c !I I8
5 When Aaron got t o see this, he went to
building an n l t ~ before
r
it, Fjnally Aaron called
E E x 3 4 ! s out and said: "There is a festivals to Jehovah
tomorrow." 90
on the next day they were early
In rising, and they began offering up burnt of-

432
'$$'ilA

a,:,

"A god." 31, rl.a.Rim', hut d o ~ ~ b t ilnr the

~ ~ plural number of exrellen~e,LXST'K rrrtd ''godl'" At Acts 7 : 40 Stephen s n p , " M a b
gods lor us," evitl~t~tly
llliotin~L X I . SCPtwiw 4, footnote%nd
upme 31, i'uotnoteH, bMThem3d." This expression is to be understood here and col-responds a i l h the pronoun "it" later in the same
vcmc. "Thcyl)' MS l'g ; "hc," L-LT(B). Literally, "These are
your gods.'' But ~ o 1 ; m i a h9 : 18 nplnin. this to manu .'This is
your liod [or, Fl.oal~irnr]
," tho Webwrr pronoun and accompanying
v ~ r b\wing in the u i n ~ u l n rnluuhrr nad E;l.o.hirr~' being in the plural
of rxccll~uce,Con1pn1.e Psnlr~l100 : 10.21.

EXODUS 32:7-13

301

300

ferings and presenting communion0 aff erlngs.' "Nu3:1

25:2
After that the people sat down t o eate and drink. D1.e 7 2,1
*CP ~ R : R
Then they got up to have a good time."
AC i:.ll
7 Jehovah now A d t o Moses !s; "Go, descend, ICo
because pour people whom you I d up out of the
land of Egypt have acted ruinously.' They have 'R r23
turned aside in a hurry from the way' 1 have $:: $J:$"
commanded them to go.=' They havc made a
molten statue of a calf for themselves and keep ;$;$
bowing dorm to i t and sacrificing" to it and sayfng: 'This is your God,a 0 Israel," ~ v h oled you AIKflz:m
up out of the land of Egypt.'" a And Jehovah
went on to say to Moses: "I have looked a t this *nee:u
349
pwpleP and here it is a stiff-neckedo people,' CEs
+J:, .II:~I
I " So now let me be, that my anger%may
blaze .&G':?:l
against them and I may exterminate t h ~ r nand
,~
OEX 0 3 ~ 3
let me make you into a great nati~n."~'
~ N t l14:12
11. h d Moses proceeded to soften the face
of Jehovah his God* and to say: "Why, 0 Jeho- me
PIi 106:?3
vah, should your anger* blaze against your peo- 'Lg;;j;;
ple whom you brought out of t h e land of Egypt
with great power md with a strong hand?
Why should the Egyptians" say, 'With evil intent he brought them out in order to kilI them
among the mountains and to exterminate t l ~ e m
from the surface of the g r o ~ n d ' ?Turn
~ from C D PI : ~ : I T
your burning anger4 and feel so~ry'for the ev5l ,:ji!;I2:"G
against your people. la Rememberp Ab~*aham,l'$:y:;:'
Isaacp and Israel your servants,: t o whom you ;
;:ij;ii
sn.oreQby your~elf,~
in that you said to them, ,!!;I;,;;!
'1 shall multiply YOUR Seedb Iike t h e stars" of the
heavens?' and all this land that I have desig- ;,I$
;:;.;,
natal I shdI give to I'OLT seedP2
that Elley may I "LC z l : ~
indeed take possession of it to time indefinite."" I

*
I

::<

See verse 4, footnoted.

Or,"offsprin~;poskitp.''

14 And Jehovah began to feel somy for the

evil
that he had spoken of doing t o his people.*
+$h,;f,!!;:
15
that h4osr;s t u r n 4 and went down
; 2.1.3; from After
J ~ W
the
mountain3
with the two tablets of the
Jon 3 10
2Sn 21:10

Testimony" Ln his hand, tablets written upon on

h i h their sides. On this side and on that they
were \I-ritten upon. lo And the tablets were the
:'l?vl;::ls
; wvorkmanship of God, and the writing was the
l".lfil
writing of God engraved upon the tablets.@
? ( : 8:i.7
1i.u 8
I T And Joshuan: began to hear the noise of the
people bccause of their shouting and he pr+
j-7, ccedcd to say to Moses: "There is a noise of bat:I:* 3 G O
~ I c * in thc crimp.": I q u t he said:
cvr 3.1.;

:.l:u .It1 :'LO

I r 2:

EX IS:I

''-'"

;::

EXODUS 32;14-23

"It is not the sound of the singing of victoryJe

And it is not the sound of the singing of
defeat;
"It is the sound of other singing that I am
.Da 6.4
hearing.""
19 SO it came R ~ O L that
Z ~ as soon as he got
w& B:IO
near the camp and could see the calf and the
-&!~,l~,
?Jc11:34 d a n c ~ shlosc;sY
,~
anger began to blaze and he a t
C F : ~ 3 d : . 1 once threw the tabletsD from his hands and
Il0 7 ' 5
all 7 25 shattsrcd them at the foot of the mountain."
I)c 9 '?I
2 1 i t PR:G "'Then he toolc the calf that they had made
?1C1 27: lf3
and he burnt it with fire3 and crushed it till it
I . : ?,:
was fined and he scattered it upon the surface
b

vet 1:31

of thc waters and made the sons of Israel drink

it.' After that $loses said to A m n : "What
1KI 21 23
21.;1 .
, ' did this people do to you that you have brought
F:i:z:,;3 a great sinS upon it?"' ??Tothis Aaron said:
' I:,
3 : ~ 1,r,:2.,
. x . 1 ~ ' D o not let the anger of my lord3 blaze. You
Ij: j:"j yourself we11 know the people, that they are
evil-inclined.* '.'So they said to me, 'Make for
PDQ 1:1:11

Joa 7 19
Ilcl

a Seo

Exodulr 17:9, footnotel.

EXODUS 32 :24-41

302

303

go ahead of us," because as

regards this Moses, the man who led us up out Ac17:29
of t h e Iand of Egypt, we certainly do n o t know
what has happened to him.'' " Hence 1 said t e 'Ex 33:J.
them, 'Who have any gold? They must tear jt
o f f themselves that t h e y may give it to me." n E r n ; 3
And I proceeded t o throw it into the fire and
~ E 3S2 4
this calf came an out."*
25 And Moses got to see that the people were
unrestrained, because Aaron had let them go
unrestrahed for a disgrace among theh opposers.O 28 Then Moses took his stand in the gate *e ~Nou s14,35
zdl~s
of the camp and said: "Who is on Jehovah's i$iE25
side?b" To me!"' And all the sans of Le'vi' be- sgg?L
gan gathering themselves to him. " H e now
said t o them: ''This is what Jehovah the God
of Israel has said, 'Put each one of YOU his
,
26::"
s~rrord"on his side. Pass through and return
I
from gate to gate in the camp and kill each one
his brother and each one his fellow3 and each OES33:fl
one his intimate acquaintance.' a And the sons m u 2 5 5
of Le'vi-psoceeded
to do as Moses had said,
so that there fell of the people on that day about
threec thousand men." dnA%'
Moses went en t o *,",%53
say: "Fill voua hand today with powerVor
Jehovah because each one of YOU is against his
25:11
o m son and his own brother," and that he may gp2,3,:%
ONU 25:12
confer a blessing upon YOU today.""
De 3310
30 And it came about on the very next day
that Moses proceeded t o say to the people:
"You-YOU have s h e d with a great sin,* a d 2K1 17:Zl
now I shall go up to Jehovah. Perhaps I can ON, 1 ~ ~ 4 7
make amends for aouR sin."0 3'So Moses re- y&%f&

us a god&who will

:;",A*

mza,"",it

"A god." M, st.o.hinalnf; LXXVg, 4'gods." See verse 1, footnotea.

$ Or, "Who is for Jehovah?!' or, "?Tho is Jehovah'sT"
"Three,"
MZIXXSy; "twenty-three," Tg. d Or, uEmpower 3vo:ourseivest o d a ~ , ~
a

EXODUS 32 :32-33 :5

turned to Jehovah' and said: "Ah, but this pesple has sinned with a great sin, in that they
made a goda of gold for themselves! 3? But now
if you will p a d o n Z their sin,@-and if not, blot
EYU34:7
@EX
14:19
cnus.23 me ciutlXplease, from your book3* that you
"De95.1
n e %:13 have written." "Wo\vever, Jehovah said to
De 23:20
M oses: "Whoever has s h e d against me,' I
RO 0:3
shall blot him out of my hook." 84 And now,
come, lead the people to where I have spoken
ONU ~ : 2 4
56:s
to YOU of, Look! my angel3 will go ahead of
Ps 139:16
Da 12:1
you: and on the day oP my bringing punishPhp 4:3
P shall certainly bring punishment upon
~ ~ 3 : rnent
s
$: ,!j:i
them for their sin."+ 5 5 And Jehovah began
13:= plaguing: the people because they had made the
* Z e 2330
Eze 1874 calf, which Aaron had made.'
SF'S 69:28
Ps IG9:13
And Jehovah said further t o Moses: "Go,
AEx 23:m
move up from here, you and the people
v ~ m
3.14
whom
you Ied up out of the land of Egypt, to
,
"e6:3
the land about which I sworeb' to Abraham,
Isaac and Jacob,O saying, T o your seed I shall
gGe
g Eg
13:15 give it.'"
And I will send an angelx ahead of
Ge 22:16
D E J Z : ~ ~
and
drive
out the Ca'naan.ites, the Am'or%Ex23:20
E X ~ Wites, and the Hit'tites and the Per'iz.zites, the
*Ue 7.22
and the JebPu.sites;* to a landc flowJ ~ ~ Z . ; Hi'vites
; ~
with
milke and honey,' for I: shall not go up
i i E ?!'"ing
in
the
midst
of you, because you are a stiffNu13:27
JOS 5 : ~ Jer11:a
necked people,' that I may not externinate you
C%
3!!:9
De9:6
on the way,"'
Ac 7:51
LEX 32:16
4 When the people gut t o hear this evil word,
they began to mournc and none of them put his
ONU 14:1
ornaments on hirnseKb And Jehovah went on
to say to Moses: "Say to the sons of Israel, 'You
+&918

33

a i ( A god." M, el.o.aem', but doubtless in the plural number of excellence became of refaring t o t h e one golden calf. LAXX'I'g.reed
"gods", b Or, "land that I promised on oath!' '"To a land," N;
"and I shall lead yon into a Iwnd," &X.

EXODUS 33 :6-12

304

are a stiff-necked pmple. In one moment' I could 1.k ;gg'

the midst of you and certainly exterrnfnate you. So now take down your omnrnents $p7;;;$
o f fyourselP,@as I want t o know rvhnt I a m going IeIsa m N
t o do t o you.' "" And the sons of Israel went
stripping their ornaments off themselves from rg;y~
PS 1 3 ~ ~ 2 3
:De :a
Mount Ho'rebJ onward.
7 As for Moses, he proceeded to take hIsn
tent utvay and he pitched it outslde the camp,,
far away from t h e camp,* and he called it a tent *pe;Y;F3
of meeting. And it occurred thnt mycryoneinquiring* of Jehovah would go out to the tent of 'g;g;g
meeting, which w r a outside the camp. And it NU 27:s
occurred that as soon as Moses went out t o the
tent all the people would rise and they stationed
themselves each one at the entrance of his own
tent,' and they gazed after Moses until he went mu16*m
!
into t h e tent. "It d s a occurred that as soon as
1
Moses had gone into the tent the pillar' of
cloud7 would come down,' and it stood nt the *$;g71
entr~nceof the t e n t and he spoke with M o s e ~ . ~
h d all the people saw the pllhr of cloud ; : ;8 Eze 3:22
standing at t h e entrance of t h e tentLand all the
i
people rose and bowed down each one at the
,-cntl-nnce of his omn. tent.' k ' And Jehovah spoke -ce
3230
to Moscs face t o face," just as a man would ~ : ~ ~ : : f D
speak to his feI10w.~W h e n he returned t o the JLels:la
camp, his minister" Joshu~: the son of Nun, 2g:#::p
as attendant,b would not withdraw from the
I
midst of the tent.
12 Norv Moses said to Jehovah : "See, you are
saying to me, 'Lead this people up,' but you
yourself have not let me know whom you will
send with me. Moreover, you yourself have said,
60 up into

z:~

E:;;:;

m"Qi~l,"

L.SXBr; ''the? MVg, Wq 'h young man."

EXODUS 33 :P 3--20

305

'I do know you by namecY~ n d besides,

,
you
have
found
favoP
i
n
my
eycs.'
'%nd
now,
if,
j's 1:G
J * ~ 1 : 5 plensc, I have found favor In your cycs,' make
!'[I 2:10
rsuI 1.25 mmF know, please, your w a y s , * ~ h aIt mny know
@Y,:u 31 !I
you, In order that I: may find favor jn your eyes.
And considera that this nation" is your people.""
:
:
1 ' 56 he said: "'My own personh will go fllOngCC
1 % HG:ll
d shall certainly give you mt,"fl*At this
1.9 T I Q : and
~
T P :'.I:ZI
~
. : . , he said t o him: "If yot~cown persona is not going
I I n~ si
t
1:; A dong,"' do not lead us up from here. '* And by
I ,.r 411 7.1 tvhnl, now, will it be known fhnt I have found
.,,,,,:,
fnvm in your eyes, I and your people? Is it not
by your going along with us,"n that I ~ n your
d
CLe 4:9
people" have been macle distinct from all the
. Joa
D r 71:dd
3.~
J,,S ??:.I :ather people who are upon the .n~rSaceof the
Y 4,s 7.3: 1
ps
I r 'g?W~nd?'*"
Jvr t. !!ti
17 And Jehovah went on to say to Moses:
Ilr-h -1.')
el:\ 31.')
"This
thing, too, of which you have spoken, I
.,
n 1 ) ~ 4 3 1 shall do,' because you have found favor in my
;;;\!?& eycs and I know you by name." IAAt this he
ti.:* an 7.1 sajd: "Cause me t o see, plensc, your gl~ry."~"
.n ,P 1'1 21
'" Rut he said: 'T myself sll~llcause all my
,T:,~ [>'I(;
:.:r,h
I 1.1
bcauty to pass before your Ence and I rill de-,-,,n.13
clarca the n a m e of Jehovaho before you," and I
,fjc?;:'
- T ;x -3 i 1I;
will favor the meh whom I mny fnvor and 1
r'ljo l : i : ~ 7 will show mercya to the oneh t o whom I may
it(] !I;
1s
show r n e r ~ y . "2 0~And he added: "You are not
GI..r! I,?
*Ct- W2:90
nble t o see my face, because no mani%ay see
.
~ & 1 ; ~ ~ me
~ 2 and yet live."'
aw14

0'1h

11:11

w:!n

,.,
,,,,.,,

;
tbnt I ntnr know," I,XS. r " l l y own
ai'And mnaidcr," 3 1 5 ~"And
prrm~i."Lit~rnll~,
"3lr fare," as T'g rrnilrl.~it. a I.XN mads: ''1
I I I ~ A P I P dinll p before pa"; SF,'cR-nlk F)rf'or~mr," Son~ewodd
r m ~ dtlto contpound sentence as a rlu~~.stinn
: '"IVill my own pmon
po n l o n ~nnrl ahnll I aertain1;r gire ~ L~ b Ir s7''
t
"Toor owti ptruon."
l,Etrmlly, '(your face," BI; "you ~ O U P R C ~LSXVg.
~ ~ "
fIxitcmlly,
" g u l > r i i ~ r ~ ~Or
, ' ~ ('prench." Liternlly, "cnll upon!' h "One," 1 X X \"goOr, l L ~ n ~/ ~'31nn."
.l'
E e b r e r , l i o - a . d n r r , na r~rthlinp.

EXODUS 33 :21-34 :6

21 And Jehovah said further: "Here is a

place with me, and you must statfon yourself
upon the ~ w k . P2
: And it has to occur thett while
my glory L passing by I must phce you In a
kale jn the rockB and I must put my palm over
you as a screen until I have passed by." After
thnt 1 must take my palm mwav and you mill
indeed see my back.ax But my face may not be ;Ea;g4
s~en."'
.JO~
138
Then Jehovah said t o Moses:O "Carve
out for yourself two tab]& of stone like
t h e first ones,o and I must writei upon the 4xu593
tablets the wordsh that appeared on the drst
tal~lctq?which you shattered.? h n d get ready :$ i:z9
for the morning, as you must go up in the morn- mg.17
ing in to Ivlount Si'nai-and
station yourself by '&
*
~
x
l
me there on the top of the mountain.' "ut
nobody may go up with you and, too, let nobocly E x 24:12
else be seen In all the mountain,' \ V h ~ tjs more, "EX I9:l2
no flockC or herd should be pasturing In front 3Lef:2
ZLe 7:a
of that rno~nfain.~'""
<Ex19:13
4 Accordingly Moses cawed out two tablet@ 5gEb,yim
of stone like t h e first ones and got up early in
the molming and went on up into Mount Si'nai
just rrs Jetmvah0 had ~ o ~ i m ~ n dhim,
c d and he3ms1
wag taking the t w o tablets of stone in his hands3,
:?2:
And Jehovah proceeded to come dormn in the E,; :;$
cloudQand station hin~selfwith him there and 'zgikg
declarec the name of Jehovah0' And Jehovah -p a~ lP3:21
2e- 1 3
went passing by before his face and dw1arlng:d ",",
$5;
" J ~ h o v a hJehovah,
,~
a GodF%ercifu 1" and gra- GYU
~2
4.35
W:B
cious," slow t o angerPand abundant in loving- ig%:$

Or, "rear pmte,"

ho Thebas'.

b Or, "eo~~tuends,'~
0 Or,
LiteraIly,
Literally, 'Lcnlling,''* "A God!' Uebrcw, El; L X X ,

EXODUS N:7-13

kindnmao and truth ,bp ' preservln~ lovinglrindness" for thouxmds,+p ~ r d o n i n einiquityT
1,c J:t
r 8 r , c ~ s : ~ a nnd t~*ans-ion'and sin," hut by no means
w.q b i : 2 !
will he give exernptiai~ from p u n i ~ h m e n t , ~
1 . r ~,,:,ia
~
lb $1: E
bringing punishment for the Iniquity of fnthers
upon sonsL and upon grandsons t o the greatg;;;q;;;;l"mnnrlsons
and great-great-~randson~,"~*
8 Moses a t once hurried to I>ow low to the
i1Gc17:s
e~lrthand prostrate himself.* "Then he mid:
"11, notv, I have found favor In your eyes, 0
Jehovnh,a let Jehovah,'! plansc, go along In the
,
of us,' because it Is R stiff-neclccd" geoB29 midst
-'L@ 4:zo
pic,' and you have to forgivec our iniquity and
our sin" and you must take us RS; your possesr-94:14
sionPLp1'
loin turn be said: "Hero I am concludcte2:13
ing a c ~ v m a n tBefare
:~
all.your people I shall
do ~vonderful t h i n g s that have never h e n
~ *2%7:23
s'J 147:20
created fnall the earth or among all the nations,
and all the people in the midst of whom you
nre will indeed see the work of Jehovah, because It Is a fear-inspiring thing that 1am doing
tE,'
,;;l will-r youVt
lrij@12:~11 "For your part, keep" what I am cammnndfng you today. Here I am driving out from
13:m before you the Am'or.itesT and the Ca'naan.ites
and the Hit'tites and the Per'iz.zftes and the
Wi'vite~and the Jeb'u.~ites.~
l a Watcl~yourself
1r$5!Fp
nc 7:1
that
yon
do
not
conclude
a covenantWwith the
w7.k 23:52
7:2
Inl~abitantsof the land t o which you are going,
J I: 2_:,::
ED* 1.18 for fear it may prove itself R warer In your
midst. But their altars sou m p l e are t o pull
3696 down and their s a d pillars: YOU are to shat19:1R

pf3~
13:1-E
7
(

:':;:T$ns

,1

34

" ~ n l lupon,"

307

306

FC!

Or, "1o;val lore," b Or, "faithfulne~s." a Literally, "to the third

nnd fourth [aenernted] ones,'! d ~ d . o w f i ' ,M. hut RQB Oanesis
19: 3, foortloteu, nnd Exodus 5: 22, footnotea,

ter and their sacredopolesuYOU are t o cut d o w t ~ . ~ $:,

l4 FOX
you must not bow down to another god,k
y;;;&
because Jehovah is exclusively devoted toc his .r-:~
%:3
1>c 5:7
name.' Re Is a God', exacting exclusive devo- (3I1;u57:15
tion,"
so that you may not conclude a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, as they "';Sy;!19
lco lo:=
will certainly have unfaithful intercourser>with :Nu
19:4
their godsr'"' and sacrifice to their godsf* and :LC
FT,e 17:7
someone will be certain Eo invite you and you 13kbk%?2
wiII certainly cat some of his ~&crifice,~Then .\% O,:Zi a
you tviH have t o take some of theirs daughtcrsxL~ lo:l1
f o r your sons, and thelrv dn~tghzerswill be ccrtain to have unfaithfu1 Intercou~scwith their L N ~ E : ~
gads and make your sons unfaithfully have in- EL:T,;;::,
~ETCO~~S
ldth
[?
their gOdsmn
Ezr 9.2
N c 13:23
17 "You must not make molten idol gods for ,?F:$;1,3
you~self.~
Le 19:4
Ac 17:B
18 "The festival3 of unfermented" cakes you I
j; 2;s
are to kccp.' You will eat unfermented cakes
bE;;1;5
just as E have commanded you, seven days at
t h e appoint& time in the month of A'bib,h be- :La23:*
muse it was in the month af A'bibh that you
came out of Egypt.
OEx 13:Z
19 "Everything that first opens the womb is
fi;??:;;s,
mine,@and, as regards all your livestock, the
Ef;2ga
male firstling of ox and of sheep." '"And the J J - E E : ~ ~
firstling of an ass you are to redeemn with a "Le27:27
sheep: But if you will not redeem it, then you 'Nu18:15
must break its neck. Every first-born of your
sons* you are t o redeem, And they must not *EEi:E
appear before me empty-handed.'
2 ~ 9:7
ISU
21:24
a

,. ,

Or, "l11ci1-h.litle'rim." a "Cod."' Itrbmn?, el. 0 Or, "J~t~orah

is
d Or, "He i s fi jcnl~lluUotl."
001, i ' ~ c , r t ~ l icommit
l~l~
foniieatiol~," 'iQads.'' H~braa.,cl.unhi,nl; L S X , bol tkumoi',#Literally, '.hi.r," I ~ u in
t a coUectiva sense. h See Exodus 13 : 4, footuoteb.
a

j e a l ~ t ~for.''
u

21 "Six days you are t o

but on the
seventh day you 1vi11 keep 8~bhath.b~
In plowing" time and in har~wt'you will keep ~ a b h a t h . ~
I? 9
22 "And you mill cnrry on your festival of
C S l l 28126
iveeksc" with the first0 ripc fmrits of t h e nlheato
r L c 2:14
(Ilc 8 S
ham~cst,'nnd the festival of ingatherin@ nt the
dk17 t u n of the yew."'
0 l:u 23%
s,E23:10
23 Lil%reetimes in the year every m ~ l eof
1 .r a 1:34
c':tl 1: 3
yours
is to appear before the Lord3 J e h o ~ t i b , ~ ~
:IC n:si
r:\ 23::a tlw God of Israd" 94 For I sl~alldrive the na11.: 16:16
tions away irom before you,' and I mi11 make
I
2 s
GsU
your tprritar.yo spaciotls," and nobody will decnc5:21 sirec your. land while you are going up to see
V 3 e 1290 the facc of Jehovah" your God three times in
3Ch 4.10 the yenr.'
h C h 17:10
25 "You must not slaughter along with what
2 3 : ~is fcrmenkcl the bloocl of my sacrifice.' Ancl the
..L7u 32:10 sacrifice of the festival of the passoverC should
1-c 7:15
not stay overnight until the morning:'
N u 9:12
26 "The best of the first ripe fruits of your
'Le 10.6 soil you are to bring to the houses of 3ehov&ho
DC n:1s
1-u 'L3:19 your God.4
l )s 26:?
x.;s10:35
"YOLI must not boil a kid in its mother's
llr3 9
+l:x 3:19 mflk."'
I Ic N:21
27 And Jehovah went on to say t o Mcm3:
107
'Writem
down for yourself these ~ o r d s be,~
< l3.u 1714
31:9
came
it
is
in
accordance
with
these
worcls
that
Isn 30:s
> v . 2-1:s
~
1 do conclude a covenant with you and Israel."'
UP4.13
2n And he contintlecl ft~ew
with Jehovah forty
9:9
days and forty nights." I3e ate no bread and he

nncb:v
I,u 13:14
a!.* 23:32

Or, tirender rrrt?.ice!' b Or! * ' ~ o twill

~ rcsh." =Or.Ptntecod, thc
fiftieth day foltowfng s e w n week. d Or, "Barrest." *"Tttr h r d
J c l ~ a r n l ~ . ' M,
j An-n.ddn' F"ro.traJ~'; VF, "the omniptenl Lord."
L S X has j t i ~ tK?/'Y~.oB
( = the Lorrl), whrrens at Ilcul e~onomy
S : BF ( L X S h ,linl~lru'cd.) m d elacdwr-c LXS hns ~ y ' r i . o sJiy'ri,os.

EXODUS 34 ;29--35 12

EXODUS 35:3--15

310

drank no water. And h e proceeded t o write(

upon the tablets the words of the covenant, the

called the entire assembly

the
of Israel together md he said
to
"These are the warlIs(1 that JehovahQoExa:a2
has c~rnrnanded,~
to do them:' "Six days may

work be done,@but an the seventh day it will

become something holy to you, a sabbath of
complete rest to Jehovah," Anybody doing work
on it will be put to dcat11,"~" Yov must not light
a fire0 in any of \-OUR: dwellingDplaces on the
LLe 3:iT
!#Ex1623 sabbath day."$
4 And Moses went an to say b the entire
assembly of the sons of. I s r ~ e l : "This is the
word that J e h e v ~ hhas commanded, saying,
j'Frorn among yaurselvcs take up a contribuk
24:13 t ion for Jehovah. Let every willing-hearteda
one bring it as Jehovah's contribution, namely,
gold and silver nnd copper' I' and blue' thread
2cQ9:;
and wool dyed reddish purple and coccus scarlet:
"EX 25:4
E x 2k31
Ex3rj.S ,material and flne linen and goat's hair" 'and
#Ex 2&:7
ram skim dyed red ~ n sealskinsR
d
and acacia
',Le2d:2
wood3
oil far the lumjnary* and balsam
oil for the anointingmoil ~ n for
d the perfumed
incenseC
and
onyx
atones
and
setting stones
E;
& E x 3 9 9 for the eph'ad and for the hreastpiece;"l
AEx 25:7
Ex =:9
10 l' 'Anc?let a11 the wise-hearted ones+among
i E < 31.6
~
~ 1 3 YOU
6
mme and maIce rtll that Jehovah has corn$<I 7:Pd
.mantled, "namely, the tabernaclec with its
:,gs:z~
1.EsE:9
tentr and its covering, its hooks and its panel
frames,tJits bars, its pil!ars and its socket pedesEEX25:10
!EX E : I J
tals, IZ the Ark* and its pules,' the c o v e 9 and
~ I E 23.11
X
the mrtainv of the scnen, the tablew and its
;,"gX2g3?$,
YE:;^!^^ poles and all its utensils and the showbreadCr
eEx b:31 l + aid the lampstandx of Illumination and its
Ex 37:17
ZE, 30,37 utensils and its lampsT and the oil for illurninaand the altar of incense' and its poles
'gS,U:& tiond
and the anointing oil and the perfumed incense"
and the screen of the entrance for the taber-

t'He!' See ~ e r s I
e. b "!JXe Ten Tords? that i ~ the
, ten words of
command, OF the ten things to do, the Decnloglro, the Tco Commandmeab. a Or, 'h*~!'
Or, "things."

Or, "and b h a & leather." Rec Exodua 20 : 16, footnoteb. 0 Or,

" b m d of P1.eseece"; Vg, "lonvcs of presmtntion," d Or, "the Inminarg ; t.he 3mp."

'EX 51:19
Ten
DC 10:2
0
29 Now it m e about when Moses came 2 ~ 337
down from Mount Si'nai that the two tabletsz "Ex33:1g
of the testimony were in the hand of Moses
when he came down from the mountain, rind
Moses did not know that the skin of his fnceA
emitted rays because of his having spol~enwith
him. "When Aaron m d all the sons of Ismcl
gat to see Moses, why, look! the skin of his face
emitted rays and they grew afraidc of coming S b138
near t o him.
31 And Moses proceeded t o call them. So
Aaron and all the chieftainsc' among the assern- I 'em!w
bly2 came back to him and Moses b c g ~ nto OE~3g:m
speak ta them. 3' First after that all the sons of
1sl.ael came near to him and he took up commanding them all that Jehovah bad. spoIcen 1vit11
him on Momt Sirnai.+ 3 r When Moses would +Ex
flnish speaking with them, he rvauld put a veil
over his
34 Eut when Moses nfould go in gaCa 3 9 3
before Jehovah to speak with him, he would
t ~ k away
e
t h e veiI until his going out," And he 'wo3:f@
went out and spoke to the sons of Israel what
he ivo~rldbe commanded. 35 And the sons of Ispael saw Noses' face, that the skin of Moses'
face emitted rays, and Moses put the veil back
over his face untiI he went in t o speak with him.' *~;b~:\M

mDm*
EY 31:15

Le23:3
De 5:lJ
qze l : ~

*gt;::;

Moses
of
sons
35them:Later

Fz

"

r2z$;i.,,

EXODUS 35 :16-25

EXODUS 35 :26-35

312

lBthe altar' of burnt offering "Ex

and the copper grating that is f o r it, its poles
and all its utensils, the basinnu and its stand, ;!* SiAfl
the hangings of the r o ~ r t y a r d ,its
~ "pillars and.
Its socket pedestals and the screen of the gate ;j
of the courtyard, '$the tent pins of the tabernacle and the tent pins of t h e courtyard and
2i:ln
their cords,' l9 t h e garments' of knitted work1)
for ministerbe in the s m c t r ~ a r ythe
,
holy gar- I :I.:x
menu>for Aaron the priest and the garmen& ( ~ ~ 3 3 3 : l
-Ex~ : 2
of his sons f o acting
~
as priests.' '"
E X 36:a
20 Accordingly all the assembly af the sons lr.;h
2s:z
1 L l l '*'J:!r
of Israel \vent out from before Moses 2 W d E2zr S.n
they came, everyone whose heart ImpelIed him,' zFz
"lQ
m d they brought, everyone ~ v l ~ o sspirit0
e
incited him, Jehovah's contribution for the work
of the tent7 of meeting and for all its servicea E$$i:j:a
and for the holy garments. And they kept
coming, the men along with the women, every
willing-hearted one. They brought broochesCmQxu33:50
and earrings" and rings and female ornaments, .Ex32:3
all sorts of articles of gold, that is, everyone
who presented the waveC offering of gold t o cExsa:ga
Jehovah.* "And a11 those with whom there *1ch2":7
were found blue thread and wool dyed reddish
purple and coccus scarlet material and fine
linen a d goat's hair and ram skis dyed red *EX 2$:4
and sealskinsJdbrought them.* z4 All those con- I C36:s
29:8
~
tributing the contribution of silver and copper "G?2:'f2
brought Jehovah's contribution,' and all thoge +?:; j:,:
with whom there was found acacia wood for all ;: $2;
the work ~f the service brought it.'
::xi ~ 2 7
T'r ? ' 1s
25 And all the womenGwho were skillfuIq of xLc5':i'~
heaY spun with their hands, and they kept
a Or, 9avm." b Or, "prments of offlcial &ma.''
Or, '%buckles,'"

nacle's entrance,

tj:"

* Or, "tnhash

leather." Or, "n.ise,"

om Q O i a

bringing as yan the bIwe thread and the wool

dyed reddish purple, the coccus scarlet material
and the iine linen. And all the women whose
hcnrts Impelled them 1~4th
skillu spun the goat's

hair,0
27 And the chieftainsw brought onyx stones
and setting stones for the eph'od and the breast" and the balsam oil and We oil for iIlu'i53 ?$ piece'
minatlonc and for the anointing oil and for the
"Ex
pcrfumed incense." 2D Every man and \%-oman
ivl~oschearts incited thcm to bring something
for all the work that Jehovah had commanded
to make by means of Moses did so; the sons of
brought a voluntary offering to Jehovah.*
F;: IS~RISI
"Ow
30
Then
Moses said t o the sons of Israel:
*Ex 51:2
I r a 7 14 "See, Jehovah has called by name Eez'al.el#the
:Y:h 2:14
1 :
son sf U'ri thc son of Hur of the tribe of Judali.'
3 1 And he proceeded to RU him with the spirit of
QLe 2:13
oaxs6:s
Godo h w i s d ~ r n ,in
~ undexstmdfngO and in
W;K3B:L
* E X ~ I : ~ knowledge and in every sort of craftsmanship*
34 and for designing devices, for working in gold
nEx31:4 and silver and c o p p ~ r ,93~and in workhg of
stones to set them m d h working of wood to
AEx31:5
make ingenious products of every sorLA And
he has put it into his heart that he should teach,
OEX nr:a
he and O.hc'Ii.abq the sson of A.his'a.mach of
,
l K t;:I4
the tribe of Dan. B3 He has filled them with
2i:h 2.!4
d0.63 w tsdom of heart' to do all the 1vorl-Fof a crafts@E*26:1
man and an embroiderere and of a weaver in
blue thread and \ ~ ~ o odyed
l
reddish purple, in
coccus scarlet material and fine linen, and of
a loom worker, men doing every sorE of work
23j

and designing devices.

*Or, "wisdom."

" Or, "na'sii."

O O r , "the luminary; the lamp."

EXODUS 36 :1 G 2 0

315
"And Bez'al.4 must uvmk,also O.ho1l.wbm
every wise-hearted man to whom
Jehovah has given wisdom and undemtanding'
in these things in order t o know t'lorv to rlo all
the ~ w r kof the holy service2 according to a11
IhaE Jehovah has cornrnand~d,"~
2 And Moses proceeded t o call Bez'al-el ~ n d
O*ha?i.ab and every wise-hearted mat1 into
whose heart Jehovah had put w i ~ d o r n , every~'
one ivE~oseheart impelled him t o nppronch the
work In order t o do i t . O Then they took from
before Moses all the contribution-Athat the
sons of Israel had brought for the work of the
holy service so as to do it, and, as for the latter, they still brought to him a voluntary offerjug morning after morning.
4 And aI1 the wise ones who were doing all
the holy work began t o come, one man after another, from their work that they were doing,
%d to say t o Moses: "The people are bringing

36 and

much more than what the service needs for the

work that Jehovah has commanded t o be done."

So Moses commanded that they should cause
nn mnouncement to pass through the camp,"
saying: "Men and women, do not produce nny
more stuff for the holy contribution." With that
the people were restrained from bringing it in.
And the s t M proved to be enough for all the
work t o be done, and more than enougl~.~
8 And all the wise-hearted' among those dohe;the work went t o making the tabarnadc,"
the ten tent cIoths of fine twister1 linen and blue
thread and wool dyed reddish purple and coccus
ss~rletmaterial. With cherubs: the work of an
embroiderer, hea made them, OTIle length of
n "HF," widentlr

meaning Bez'a1.el.

-each tent cloth was twenty-elght cubits and the

tvidth of each t ~ n cloth
t
four cubits. There was
one measure for all the tent clofhs. '''Then he
joined five tent cloths one to mother, and the
*& m3 five ather tent cloths he jolned one to another.'
" After that he made loops of blue thread upon
the edge of the one tent cloth at the junction
end. He did the snme on the edge of the outer#mm4 most tent cloth at the other place of junction?
'"He m ~ d efifty loops on the onc tent cloth, and
he made fifty loops on the extremity of the tent
~ 1 0 t hthat tvas nt the other place of junction,
*EX 26:s
the loops being opposite one noth her." lYFinally
he made fifty hooks of gold and joined the tent
cloths to one another by the hooks, so that it
"Ex
became one tabem7lncEe.' .
14 And he rvcnt on t o make tent cloths of
OLe1:10
goat'sm hair for the tent upon the tabernacle.
"EX26:7
Eleven tent cloths were what he made.". ' T h e
length of each tent cloth nrns thirty cubits and
the width of each tent cloth four cubits. There
~ E X Z B : ~ was one measure for t h e eleven tent cloths.$
I" Then he joined flve tcnt cloths together by
thenlselves and the six other tent cloths by
'EX 26:9
themse1ves.' Next he made fl fty loops upon the
edge of the outermost tent cloth at the place of
junction, and he mnde fifty l o o p upon the edge
=EX26:10
01 the other t e n t cloth that joined with it.'
l BAfter thnt he madc fifty hoolcs of copper far
'Ex26:ll joining the tent: together to become one piece."
19 And he proceeded to mslke a covering for
the tent out of ram skins dyed red and a cover* E X W ~ing
~ out of sealskins" up on top,*
20 Then he made the panel framesh for the
Or, "of tabash leather.''

See Exodua 20 :15, fmtnoteb.

EXODUS 36 :21-42

zs:lS
labernacle out of acacia wood, standing on end.'
'Fen cubits was the Iength of a panel frame, 1
and one cubit and a half the d d t h of each panel
f ramc.O =? Each panel frame had hvo tenons fittccl a"
one t o the other. That is the way he did to all the
panel frames of the tabernacle." 21 So he made *EYHQB:l?
the panel frames far the tabernacle, turenly
panel frames for the side toward tlsc h'eg'eb, to
the s0uth.O " And he made forty soclcet pedes- bEx 26:lg
tals of silver for beneath the tivcnty pnncl
frames, two socket pedestals beneath the one
panel frame with its trvo tenons and two socket
pedestals beneath the other panel frame with
its trw tenons.' 25 And for the other side of the 'em:19
tabernacle, the northern side, he made twenty
panel frames' 2e and their forty socket perlestnIs mErB:m
of silver, t w o socket pedesZaIs beneath the one
panel frame and tw-o socket pedestals beneath
HEX a d s 1
thc other panel frame.'
27 And for the rear sectfans of the tabern
nacle t o the westa he made six panel frames." "xaa:m
2fiAndhe made t w o panel frames as corner
posts of the tabernacle on its two rear sections.' *Ex*=
dnA"'
they proved to be duplicates at the hot*
tom and together they came to be twins to the
top of each one at t h e first ring. That is what he
did t o them both, to the two corner postsqUa" So E E ~ * W
they amounted to eight pane1 frames and their
socket pedestals of silver to sixteen, two socket
pedestals next t o two soelret pedestals benenth
A E x pe:m
e ~ c hpanel frame.*
31 And he went on t o make bars of ncacfa
~ w o d ,five for t l ~ epanel frames of the one side
of the tabernacle0 "'and five bars for the panel 4EXzi3:2@

* Liternlly,

"sea? that is, the

317

316

Meditcrrnncnn.

EXODUS 36 :33-37 :5

frames of the other side of the tabernacle and

five bars for the pone1 frames of t h e tabernacle
ifor the two mar sections to the \vest.' 33 Then
' h e made the middle bar t o run through at the
middle of the panel frames from one end to the
wEx rnm other.&34 And he ovef aid the pnnel frames with
gold, and he made their rings of gold as supports for the bars, anci he wcnt on t o overlay
'm26:m the bars with gold,'
35 And h e proceeded t o make a curtain of
blue thread and ~ o o dyed
l
reddish purple and
coccus scarlet material and fine twisted linen.
With the u70rk of an ernllroiderer h e made it
"
~ with
~ Cl~emkS.'
~
j >TTIlen
~ he made for it four
sE239:J3 acacia pillarsC and overlaid them with gold,
their pegs being of gold, and cast four socket
' & 2 ~ pedestaIs of silver for them." ='And he went an
to make a screen for the entrance of the tent
out of blue thread and wool dyed reddish purple
and coccus scarlet material and fine twisted
D&z6:36
linen, the work of a wcnver,-I B B and its five
pillars and their pegs. And he overlaid their
tops and their joints with gold, hut their five
~E.zs:m socket pedestals were of copper.*
Bez'al.el now made the Ark of acacia
nrood. n v o cubits and a half was its
length and a cubit and n half its width and a
and a half its height." Then he overlaid
g; :ziz3 cubit
oE.u39:2
it with pure gold3 inside and outside and made
+EX 25:11 a border of gold round about for it.' W t e r that
he cast four rings of golcl for it for above its
four feet, with two rhgs on its one side and
OE~25.12 two rings on its other sidemm
"e
next made
poles of acacia wood and overlaid them with
'
~
~ gold,*
:
1
~
Then
he put the pales through the rings
*Ex25;14 on the sides of the Ark for. carrying the Ark.=

,,:,,,

37

EXODUS 37:6-17

318

319

*Ex25:31
6 And he went on to make the covernDof CEx3a":sa
pure gold. Two cubits and a half was its length
and a cubit and a half its width,' ' He further ' I.:<~ ,III:LYJ
~ z z : ~ ~
made ttwr cherub of gold. Of hammered work
z':18
a~~~
he made them on both ends of the cover.' Wne
cherub was on the end over there and the other
cherub on the end over here. Me made the
-Ex .25:10
cherubs OII the cover on both of its ends.""d
23iey came to be cherubs' spreading out two =XU7:m
wings upward, screening over the cover with

EXODUS 37 :IS-28

Itnobs and Its blossoms proceeded out of it.'

I U n d six br~ncheswere running out from its
sldes, three branches of the lampstand out from
t h one
~ side and three branches of the lampsrand out from the other side." '* Three cups
shaped like floivcrs of almond were on the one
set of branches, with knobs and b l ~ o m
alternating, and three cups shaped like flowers of
almond were on the other set of branches, with
knobs nncl blossoms alternating. That is the way
it was for the six branches running out from the
their wings, and their faces were each to the 1
'EY 35:m lampstand.' =o And on the lampstand there were
other. The faces of the cherubs proved to be
:Ex U:2Q
Eour cups shaped like ffo~versof almond, with
toward the cover.0
=EX2 5 : ~its knobs and its blossoms alternating.*
10 And he proceeded to make the t~bleOof -EX4b:E
And
the knob under two branches was out of it and
acacia wood. T w o cubits was its length and a
cubit its width and a cubit and a half its height.' - ~ ; ~ ~the
knob
~
;under two other branches was out 01
IL Then he overlaid it with pure gold and made EX v l : ~ ~
It md the knob under two more branches was
out of it, for the six branches running out from
a border of gold round a b ~ u for
t itqm' N e x t he "X zj:zd
" E ~ 1 5 : 3 5 the lnmpstand." Their knobs and their branchmade f o r it a rim of a handbreadth round ahout
es proceeded out from it, All of it was one piece
m d made a border of gold for its rim round
#Ex 25:34 of hammcl-ed tvar k of pure gold." " Then he
about."' Further, he cast four rings of gold -EX75:aa
nlade its seven l ~ m p s *and its snuffers and its
for it and put the rings upon the four" .corners
L5:39 flre holders out of pure gold,c " Of a talent of
that were for t h e four feet.' laThe ringsI~slt25:2s
pure golcl 11e made it and d l its utensils.
proved to be near the rim, as supparts for the
poles for carrying the table.' ' T h e n he made ' E x 23:27
25 We now made the aftas of incense out of
"Ex
acacia
wood." A cubit was its length and a cubit
the poles of acacia wood and overlaid them wilh
l:x 40:s
gold for carrying the table.c " After that he =Ex23:m
its width, it being foursquare, and two cubits
*Ex m:2 ma.. its height. Its horns proceeded out of it."
made the utensils that are upon the table, its
Then he overlaid It with p m gold, i t s top
dishes and its c u p and its bvls and its pitchers
surface
and its sidesn m u d about and its h o w
~ i t ~11ich
h
Libations FVOUM be poured,l' out os
'
AEx 13:m
pure gold.'
and he made a border of gold round about for
*m90:3 It: pr And he made for it two rings of gold dmn
17 Then he made the lampstand'* of pure -;,E x 33):,77
.:n:21
'i:.'
below its border upon two of its sides, upon two
gold. Of hamered ~vorkhe made the l a m p
stand. Its sides and its branches, its cups, its
opposite sides of it, as supports for the pies
*~~~ with which to carry it.* 2n After that he made
a Or, ''memy seat- ro itiatory;' LSXTrg. b Literdky, L%ith ~ ~ h i ~ h
?
f
:
it would be poured.
a Or, "ws~ls."

'zt:;37

.X

I
I

Zm

EXODUS 37:29-38: I0

EXODUS 38 :11-19

.,

the poles of acacia wood and overlaid them rvfth ,:,

m":30
gold: a" He made additionally the holy' anointinz ailw and the pure, perfumed incense,' the nEq
?I 4n.s
mZ3
1 =a l?.ri 1
work of an ointment maker.
*I<\ , I 0 x
5
And he went on to make the altar' of C14:xN"5
burnt offering out af R C R C ~ Rwood. Five
cubits was its length and five cubits its wiclth,
jt being foursquare, and three cuhits was its
271
l ~ e l g h ta, Then
~
he made i& horns* upon its four aF%
..u 4o:lo
corners. I t s horns proceeded out of it, N e x t ha h~iP;<~50
m:?
overlaid it with copper.( After Z l ~ n the made
all the utensils of the altar, the ash cans and ttlc
shovelsRand the basins,b the forks and the fire
holders. All its utensils he made of mpper."
I-1c further made for the altar a grating, a !letwork of copper, under its rim, down toward its
centerdf Then he cast four rings on the four mE;Tjt
extremities near the grating of copper, as SLIPports for the poles, After that he made t h e
1101es of acacia rvood and sverlald them milh
copper.' Then he put the poles into the rings axm'8
on the sides of the altar for carrying it 1~1th
them." He made it a hoIlow chest of pIanks.'
8 Then he made the basinc of coppprr and its:
$.:";
stand of copper, by the use sf the mirrak.s" of ;;;;;:'>7
the {I-omenservants 5vha served@at t l ~ centrance 61:; ;&
of the Tent af meeting.
21'I! 1 2
9 And he proceeded t o mahe the courtyard." ";j,':;:i
For the side torvard the Keg'eb, t o the south, ;<al;:;o
the hangings5 of the courtyatqd were of fi~?rre n'l:lb
twisted linen, for a hundred cubjts. in Thejr '" ":'"
twenty pillars and their twenty socket pedestals

38

Or, "wnsh jup.''

b Or, l~borrls.''0 Orj t'lnver.ll d ?rt~tnllicmirrors

higl11;r polished for reflecting. *"TJ'ornclr ~ervarltr T V ~ Oacrved.jr
J I t w the Ifchww ~ e r b snre thoye nscd for nlilitnrp servicr, sngp ~ r t i n goryanizcd serrice for these aotncn in coni~mnirs.

were of copper. The pegs of the plllars and their

mlo jointsn were of si1verm4 Also for t h e north side

Nu 337

there were a hundred cubits. Their twenty pillass and their twenty socket pcdcstals were of
copper. The pegs of the pillars and their jointsa
'-3:ll
were of silver.' But ior the west side the hangings were for fifty cubits, Thefr pillars were ten
and their socket pedestals ten. The pegs of the
=EX 27:12 pillars and their joints were of silveram
7 3 And
for the east side toward the sunrising there
F ~ x m : 1 3 were fifty cubits:
" "The hangings were for
meen cubits t o the one wingb Their pillars
uExn:ls
were three and their socket pedestals threeP
l Z h d for the other
on this as well as
that side, of the gate of illc courtyard, the hangings were for fifteen cubit%..Their pillars were
*@x27:15 three and their socket pedestals tl~ree.' la All
the hangings of the couriyard round about were
of fine twisted linen. And the socket pedestals
far the plllars wcre of coppcr. Tl'lc pegs of the
pillars and tlwir joinis were of ~11verand the
overlaying QP their tops was of silver, and there
were sflver joinings for 811 the p i l l m of the
cEx %I7
~~rtyayd,'
18 And the screen of the gate of the courta:=
yard
was the work of a weaver, of blue* thread
2Ch 3:14
and wool dyed reddish purple and coccus scarlet
material and fine trrristed linen, and twenty
cubits was the length, and the height througho u t its extent was five cubits equally with the
cEx
hangings of the ~ourtyard.~
lP
And their four
pillars and theh four socltet pedestals were of
copper. Their pegs were of silver and the overlaying of their heads and their joints mas of
Literally,
a Or, '%oops; ring9; hands ; fillets"; for ntlnchments.
%honld~r,!~

EXODUS 38 :2 L 2 6

322

sliver. r0 And all the tent pins for the tabernacle

and for the courtyard round about were of

copper:
-13%
C Cm
Y:!l
l
~ r!
21 The following are the things inventoried
of the tabernacle." The tabernacle of the Testimany,* which was inventorid at the command 2;;;,,!:
of Moses, was the senlice%f the Levites%ncler :; gy,,;;
the guidance of Ith%.rnarwthe son of Aaron the
priesLC " And Bez'al.el* the son of U'rl the son :k$ i;!,
of Hur of the tribe of Judah did all that Jeho-, ;!;c;l
v ~ h -had commanded Moses. 2"nd
with him I ;:j; yiy
was O.hoPli.ab' the s m of Ahis'a.mach of the
~-,::IO
tribe of Dan, a craftsman and embroiderer and ?:;
weaver in the blue thread and the m w l dyed
reddish purple and coccus scarlet material and 'I:;
I.:U 3qi:z
fine Ijnen.
24 All the gold that was used for the work
in all the work af the sanctuary came t o the
amount of the gold of the wavev offerfng,L %aTCX723x03
twentynine talents@ and seven hundred ~ n d; {;;i!j
thjrty shekelsqy the shekelo of the sanctunry, ;;A;:; ;+;A
* And the silvern of the ones redatered of the - I 4 r 5 . l 5
assemblyCwas a 'hundred talents and one thou- tk;%'<,
sand seven hundred and seventy-ff ve shekels by I:;
the shekel of the sanctuary.' Tlie half shekelc q; &?TB
for an individuald was the half of a shekel"' by .ir:h 2 i . 1 4
"'
the shekel of the sanctuary, for every man who '""
was serving according to those who were registered from twenty yearn of age md upward,
amounting to six hundred and three thousand
*Ex52~87
five hundred and fifty.*
NU 190

.::;

"z
I

c,:JC1

A gold talent = 115 Ibs, b y , or $44,100 (U.8.) in Apiil, 1852.

A gold shekel = $14.72,with silver nt #.RR per 02. tiwy, 3,1100
ahekels = a talent. Literally, "the heknh." I.lrre of ~iivrr.LLY,
"one drach'ma.'"Iiiterally,
"~kuIl,"Tbe hend that wns mintcd
COP R poll ~ R X .

27 And a hundred talents of s11ver went into

the casting of the socket pedestals"of the s a c Ex %:32 tuary and the socket pedestals of the curtain.
A hundred socket pedestals equaled a hundred
talents, a t ~ l e n tto ~l socket perlcstal. 15 And out
of the thousand seven t~undred~ n seventy-five
d
shekelsa he made pegs for thc pillars m d over*Ex27.17 laid their tops and joined thrm together.'
'lChz2:14 29 And tlxe copper":' of the
offering
was seventy t a l w l s a,ud two tl~ousandfour hunclred shekels. And with this he proceecled to
the socketA pedestab of the entrance of
g;: make
Ex
the tent of meeting ancl the copper altar and the
copper grating that belonged to It, and all the
utensils of the altar, and the socket pedestals
of the courtyard sound about ancl t h e socket
pedestals of the wte of t h e courtyard m d all
the tent pins of t h e tabernacle and all the tent:
O E " ~ 1 9 pins: of the courtyard round about.=
And out of the blue' thread and wool
Ex 3 x 3
dyed reddish purple and coce~rsscarlet
&EX 31;10
material
they made garmentsmof knitted workd
&:;2:"99
lt;:17 for ministering"In the snnctucuy.30 they made
E x 25:s
xu3:a the holy" garments that were for Aaron just
H E X 22.4
pze42.14 as Jehovah had commanded Moses.
C E s 40:s
2Accordinglyhemadetheephkod'ofgold~
*,,~.7
blue thread and wool dyed reddish purple and

zg

4"

'1
I:

39

''

EXODUS 38:27-49:2

323

-'Sliekels.'' L n . b Valued nt $,(I26 per oz. troy. According to

prcseut valuea a s af April, 31 052, the J I I * C ~ ~ O \ I nirtals
H
ulot~cused hr
the tnbcrnacle woultl rnluc nt $Lr41B,UK.I,42. T1ii.q calculation i s
baaed on oua tnlent's ~ r ~ u r r l i r rU:i
g l l 1 ~ . troy, wit11 3,000 dlrkels to
t h e talent. Gold wns vnluctl nt $ R 2 p 1 l r oz, troy, nilver 5.88 per oz.
troy, and copper L.028 per on. troy.
Considering the intrirnle rvol-k~nnnshipnnd nll tba other costly
materixls required to conntrn~tt!ic t nl1~1.11nclrnnd its fr~rniahings,
the ooinpleted gnipmertt muat hnvn c o ~ tItlore t h two
~ ~1tnl1ion
doiinrs, judged at 10152talue.s. d Or, "gnrmcnts of oMrial drew!'
0

EXODUS 39 :S 1 3

324

coccus scarlet material and fine twisted linen.

Then they beat plates of gold to thin sheets
md he cut out threads to work i n arnonF: the
blue tlwead and the wool dyed reddish purple
and the coccus scarlet material and the fine
linen, as the work of an embroiderer? They
made shoulder pieces for it that were joined. It
was joined at its two extremitias. "nil
the
girdle,& which was upon it for tying it close,
,g;E
was of the same material according t o i t s work~
mnnship, af gold, blue thread, and woo1 dyed J I i:i3
reddish purple and coccus scarlet material and
fine twisted linen, just as Jehovah had cornmanded Moses.
6 Then they made the onyxPstones set with
ZJ
settings of gold, inscribed with the c~~ttlngsof ~1
seal according to the names of the sons of Is- ,& 443:,Ps
rael.+ 'So he placed them upon the shoulder E&2n
pieces of the eph'od as memorial0" stones for zk; 2;;
the sons of Israel, just as Jehovah had corn- f;l;
manded Moses. Then he made the breastpieccw
with the workmanship of an embroiderer, like 12:+,:I,
the workmanship of t h e eph'od, out of gold, l,i:j'!'$:;:
blue thread and woo1 dyed reddish purpte and j?:; $f:;
coccus scarlet material and fine twisted linen." :;;yb,:;?$
a8
If proved t o be foursquare when doubled. They 31.c
.IR.I rlI.12
made the breastpieceJowhen doubled, a span 1 ; , , ~ . ~ . 1 3
of t h e hand in its length and a span in its width.' $:", 2,;:';;
Then they med it with four rows of stones.' v,~c:h2&~~
A row of ruby,* topazb and emerald' was the e1,s.c
1.:ac m.13
1.211
Arst row. l1 And the secondp ronr wa8 turquoise,
;$;,"
fiapphirer and jasper.^ I e And the third row was ,I lkn :12
lesh'emt stone," agatebu and amethyst.'
And zj&'dji"!n
the fourth row was chiysoliteCw and onyxv '
i
m.Lfsh'em stone," 31; 'L]igare,"T'g. b ''Agntc," Vg : rAebo, n kind
of precious stone, N. "Ch~solite,''Pg; r a r d i ~ h ' ,31.

325

EXODUS 39 :l A 2 3

and fade.= They were set with semngs of gold

in their fillings. " And the stonm were accord' U l m ~ ing to the namesz of the sons of Israel. They
were tnlelve according to their names, with t h e
cuttings of a seal, cnch according to its name
for the twelve tribes.*
"~~~~~~
15 And they proceeded to make upon the
breastpiece wreathed cl~ains,in rope work, of
* E X B : 2 2 pure gold." z0 Then they made hva settings of
'Nu31:50
gold and two ringso of gold and put the hvo
rings upon the t ~ v oextremities .sf t h e breastcEx2a:m p i e ~ e .';~After that they put the two ropes of
gold through the two rings at the extredtles
A a 2 8 : H of the breastpiece? In And they put the two ends
of the two ropes tllrougl~the two settings. Then
they put them upon 1lle shoulder pieces of the
eph'od, a t the forefront of it.Q Next they made
two rings oi gold and set them at the two extremities of the breastpiece upon its edge that
' E ~ a 8 : a 6 is on the side toward tthc epll'od inward.' u: Then
they made two rings of gold ~ l l dput them upon
the two shoulder pieces of the eph'od from below,
26.:3 ,onits forefront, near its place of joining,' above
the girdle of the eph'od.' ? ' Finally they bound
the breastpiece by its rings to the rings of the
eph'od with a blue string, that it might continue
'above the girdle of the ephfod and the breastpiece might not get displaced from on top the
"EX28:28 eph'od, just as Jehovah had commanded Moses.*
22 Then he made the sleeveless caat' of the
*TX
Le 825:31
5
eph'od, the worlcm~nshipof n loom worker, all
of blue t h r e ~ d l311d
.
the opening of the sleeveless coat WRS in the middle of it, like the opening
coat of ~rnail,fi~Its opening
had
~
~ of a ~
~
~ a border
EX^^

5 4 ; ; ; ; ;

d L Cof ~mail?
~ ~ or a sort of rnnnfle or cape n ~ e din E m t for
of n god.

decking t h e fignre

EXODUS 39 :24-32

326

round about that it might not be t0~n.O24 Then u E x s : a

they made upon the hem of the sleeveless coat
pomegranates of blue thread a d wool dyed mddish purple and eocctts scarlet material, twisted
t ~ g e t h e r .2z~Further, they made bells of pure AE~25:33
gold and put the bellso in between the poine- PZw14:m
granates' upon the hem of the sleeveless coat +%2i#7
round about, in between the pomegranates; 2G a
bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate upon the hem of the s!eeveless coat round
about, for ministering, just as Jehovah had corn@EX 2 8 ~ 4
rnanded Moses."
27 Next they made the robes of fine linen," "Egjp
the workmanship of a loom worker, for Aaron R e l m
and his sons, 29 and the turbanx of fine linen" z!g$1;
and the ornamental headgears* of fine linen and g & 2 g f 8
the linen drawersJ of fine twisted linen, 2B and
gi$o
the sashAof fine twisted linen and blue thread -$x~;a
and wool dyed reddish purple and coccus scar1e.t ; -EX
: 23:s
material, the work of a weaver, just as Jehovah. Ex B:39
had commanded Moses.
30 Finally they made the shining plate, the
holy sign of dedieation,a out of pure gold m d
inscribed upon it an inscription with the cut- k;:i9,:
tings of a seal, "Holiness belongs to J e h o ~ a h . " ~
5;2,;;
BtThenthey put a string of blue thread t o it zec la:m
In order to put it upon the turban up above, just
'EX B:.V
as Jehovah had commanded Moses.'
32 So the workb for the tabernacle of the
tenta of meeting all came to its completion, in
that the ,sons of Israel kept doing according t o
23;:40
all that Jehovah had commanded Moses." They
$
i:;
Heb 3:2
did just so,
I3eb 8:5

:$z$33,

"'

aQr,

;'the holy didern? or, "the d i a d ~ m(of holinm."

"seiYioe?'

Or,

I,

327

EXODUS 39 :3-3

"Eys:8
33 And they proceeded to bring the tabernacle* to Moses, the tent* and all its utensils,'
SEX 36120 its 110oks,r its panel fframes,r its barst and its
3Le 2(?1
tEx 38:31 pillars3 and its socket pedestals,~ and its covSLc 4 11
, r E x 3 6 : N ering of ram skins' dyed redv and its covering
of sealskinsaw and the curtain of the screen,y
;$Xg1f4
lrEs38335
and the Ark2 of the testimony and its polesa
zEx 37:l
ZLe I G : I ~
and
the cover,b0A the table,+ all its utensils'
LEU 3;:4
QI.C 8:31,
and the showbread,co"'the lampstand% of pure
LLe 24:4
CE~40:25 gold, its lamps,' the row of lamps," and all its
GLe 2.1
:=:G utensilsx and the oil3 of iIlumination," " and the
of
and
the anointing oils and the perL,E,Y ~ ~ altar''
:
: gold
~
~
fumed
incenset
and
the screenu for the entrance
YZ,
": ;7$
*EX 2 3 , ~of the tent,
the
altarv
of copper and the grat*EX 3 5 : B
rEX 3 7 : ~ing3. of copper that belonged t o it, its p0le~Y
sEx 37:29
tw 30:35 and all its utensil^,^ t h e basina and its stand,*
40 the hangings3 of t h e courtyard, its pillars'
and its socket pedestals" and the screenxfor t h e
;E,
"
&,
4
p ~ x d 0 m 3 3gate of the courtyard,3 its tent cords* and its
7,Ey 3830
wu3:7
tent pins* and all the utensilsr for the service0
3F 1E:8
ad; 3c1:1a of the tabernacle, for the tent of meeting, the
0 Ex .?R:Il
garmeneSS of knitted workd for ministering in
'Ex3S:lO
BET 3r3:lI
the sanctuary, the ho1y"garments
for Aaron
# E X 38 18
3518
the
priest
and
the
garmentsu
of
his
som
for act'Ex175.20
r E x ZE:IR
ing
as
priests.
SEX 31:lO
tEu 28:2
U E X 35:t9
42 According to all that Jehovah had commanded Moses, that was the way the sons of
WEX
Israel did all the service-w'S And Moses got to
see all the work, and, look! they had done it just
as Jehovah had commanded. That was t h e way
they had done. Consequently Moses blessedy
!Ex 3 6 5 4
Ex 31;7
rEu 36.18

IKi 8.14
ZCh 3C 27

~ e m n

Or* '<of &hash Icathsr." b Or, "mercy sear'; Vg, "propitiatory."

Or, "bread of Presence"; Vg, "losves of presentation." Or,
''garments of oflIual dress,"

EXODUS 40 :1-15

328

Then Jehovah
"On
of
40
first of
yau

spoke to Moses, saying:

the first month,= on the
t h e month,
are to set up the tabernadeOof the tenta of meeting,"
you must
place the Ark0 of the testimonyo" in it and shut
off approach to the Ark with the c ~ r t a i n . And
~
you must bring t h e tablet in and set its urangement in order, and you must bring: in the lampstandmand light up its lamps." And you rnust
put the golden3 altarw for incense before the
Ark of the testimony and put the screen* of
the entrance for the tabernacle in place.
6 "And you must put the altarr of bwnto
offering before the entrance of the tabernacle of
the tent of meeting, and you must put the
basing between the tent of meeting and the altar
and put watera in it, And you must pIace the
courtyardt round about and put up the screenU
of the gate of t h e courtyard. And you must
take the anointinp oilv and anoint the tabernacle and all that is in it,w and you must sanctify it and alI its utehsils and so it must become
something holy. l o And you must anoint the
altar of burnt offering and all its utensils and
sanctifyo the altary and so it must become a
most hoIy altar.= l1 And you must anoint the
basin and its stand and sanctify i t . O
12 "Then you must bring Aaron and his sons
near to the entrance of the tent of meeting and
wash them with water.A l 3And you rnust clothe
Aaron with the holy garmenWband anoint him'
and sanctify him, and so he must act as priest
to me. l4 After that you will bring his sons near
and you rnust clothe them with robes.' l U And
you must anoint them" just as you anointed
a day

their father, and so they must act as priests to

me,
and their anointing must serve continually
pLe 3:17
fox them as a priesthood to timea indefinite durP I ~ Z
30:31
~
~~b 25.13
NU
sll ing their generaticsns."p*
16 And Moses proceeded to do according to
49
all that Jehovaho had commanded" him.* He did
OLe 7:36
*EX 3 9 ~ 4 3

De 4:2

just

SO,

17 Accordingly it came about that in the

Oh LB6:34
first month, in the second year," on the first day
of the month, the tabernacle was set up? l 8 When
9:7;
Moses proceeded t o set up the tabernacle, he
*Ex 3"24
+Ex 36.20 went putting its socketv pedestals down and
=EX 36 31 placing its panel frames* and putting its bars"
.Ex %:11 In and setting up its pillars: Is Then he spread
*M26:7
out the tent# over the tabernacle and placed
*Ex2Q14 the covering" of the tent above upon it, just as
tEx 16.34
EX as 16 Jehovah had commanded Moses.
Ex 31:18
20 After that he took the testimonyo and put
PSm:5
it into the Ark" and placed the polesQon the
'EXn:8
Ark and put t h e cover' above upon t h e Ark.
21 Then he brought the Ark into the tabernacle
mm9"3%nd put the curtainR of t h e screen in place and
off approach to the Ark of the testimony,"
"Et9,&, shut
just as Jehovah had commanded Moses.
oLe24:8
22 Next he put the tablec" in the tent of
#Ex 37:lQ
Heb9:2
meeting on t h e side of the tabernacle t o the
north outside the curtain, 38 and he arranged
'B25:30
&IF 12:4 the row of bread upon it before Jehovah,' just
Heb 9:z as Jehovah had commanded Moses.
n= 3797
24 Then he placed the lampstand" in the tent
Heb 9.2
of meeting in front of the table on the side of
the tabernacle to the southaa33 He then lit up
m e 242
the lampsoAbefore Jehovah, just as Jehovah
A E x 2.537
EX 3 ~ 2 3 had commanded Moses.
' j 5 26 Re next placed the golden altarb in the
a

Literally, "h-eg'eh."

EXODUS 40 :27-38

330

tent of meeting before the curtain, *'that he

might& make perfumed incensec smoke upon "Lelu:l
LEVITICUS
it,' just as Jehovah had commanded Moses.
-E
g9,
26~36
oLe 9:4
28 Finally he put the screen* of the entrance 7Ex
And Jehovah0 proceeded to calla MosesD
E x 36:37
oLe 16.3
DLe 6:lt
of the tabernacIe in place.
and speak to him out of the tentc of meet29 And he placed the altar' of burnt offering
ing,*
saying: "Speak to the sons of Israel," and
'NuL ~2122358
C
m e 5:3
a t the entrance of the tabernacle of the tent of
you must say to them, 'In case some ma$@ of
OLe2:12
meeting, that he mighta offer up the burnt ofYOU would presentc an offeringa3 t o Jehovah
OLB 2*18
fering and t h e grain2 offering upon it, just as 3Le2.1
from the domestic" animals, YOU sholrld present
*EX 2g:m
Jehovah had commanded Moses.*
YOUR offeringC from the herd and from the
30 Then he placed the basin" between the " ~ $ ~ i ~ ' oNU l l : 2 2 flOCk.O
mte 6:9
tent of meeting and the aItar and put water in it
3 " 'Ifhis offeringd is a b w t @offering from
f o r washing. 3 U ~ MosesG
d
and Aaron and his 3Le
12-5
the herd, a male, a sound one, is what he should
Le
2220
sons washed their handsa and their feet at it. =ps 2 6 s
De 15.21 present." At the entrance of the tent of meeting
&la11:14
$ W e n they went into the tent of meeting and
Ipe 129 he should present it of his oyvn fYee will before
when they went near to the altar they ~vould
Jehovah. And he must lay hi's hand0 upon the
:
$
wash, just as Jehovah had commanded MosesaA"EX m:l9
headb of t h e burnt offering and it must be gra6.16
m 12 7 ciousIy accepted' for him to make atonementw
33 Finally he set up the
round 'Le
i EX 2 7 : ~
@Nu1525
about the tabernacle and the altar and p i t up
l J o 2:2
fop h b , f
.EX
2398
the screen* of the gate of the courtyard.
5 " 'Thenthe young bull must be slaughteredg
>LC16:20
"M1c6:6 before Jehovah,' and the sons of Aaron, the
So M o s a finished the w ~ r l r .Y4~ And the
;pX;$;G
cloud* began to cover the tent of m d h g and qEe 9 5
must present t h e blood and sprinkle*
o ~ 4-3
AHtbdlo:ll
a
Jehovah's~gloryq filled the tabernacle." S%d
CLe 4:'
SEX
"L" 13:21
the
blood
round about upon the ~ l t a rwhich
, ~ is
*Heb U:24
Mwes was not able to go h t o the tento of meet- E; ;: 1:"
w e 1:2 a.t the entrance of the tent of meeting. dnA"
the
ing, because the cloud tented over it and Jeho- ~f?$:o
b~m t o~f f e r: i n g ~m u s t h e s M n n e d a n d i t m u s t b e
D
~
2 ~ 1 15:13
OLe 8:2
vah" glory filled the tabernacle."
cut up into its parts.O And the sons of Aaron,O
2Ch 7:2
s:4
mklo:l
36 And when t h e cloud lifted itself up from Isa
the priests,b must put fire" on the altar and set
Eze 43:4
over the tabernacle the sons of Israel0 would H ~ ~ z : ~
5:8
a This third book of 310s~
is called b ~ its
- opening expregsion in the
break camp during all their stages of journey." _ Re 11D:6
Hebrew text, ~ay.+qro; "And he proceeded to call";L X X , Le.ak
8 1 However, if the cloud did not lift itself up,
'2;E;g
ti-kon'; yg, Le.vi'ti.cus, meaning "Pertaining t o a Levite [or,
then they would not break camp until the day *$; $:r,l,
LevitesIJ'. b "Borne man." M, wdlana'. c 01', "offer." d "OEering,"
when it lifted itself up.' 3 T 0 r Jehovah" cloudd q~u~fi;fl
M, qor.bant; L X X , do'rar ("gifts") ; compare Biwrk 7:11. "Offering? Y;"offerings," SamLXXSy. 'More literally, "make n eoverwas over t h e tabernacle by day, and a fire coning eyer him." g Or, "And he must slaughter the young bun." LLTJ
timed upon it by nightmin the sight of all the NU gi;9
n
"And they wiil slaughter the young bulL'I h C ' P r i e a t a L
~ X X , Sarn
house of Israel during all their stages of journey.
i3$
and five Hebrew mmueoripta; "priest," ad, Compare versa 5, 6,

~~~~

Gz

Or, ''find he began to."

asl

LEVITICUS 1:%I5

332

wood in order on t h e fire.& *And the sons of Aggj!,

Aaron, the priests,a must set the pieces in order
with the head and the suet over the kvod t h a t (EWm17
Is on the Are that is on the altar."" And its in- kz?ii!~
testines- and its shanks w7iIE be tvashedb with 'k?:::
~vnter,' and the priest nlust make all of it smoke
2110
on the altar as a burnt offering, an offeringa @Lr
\:,Ga
s:21
m ~ d eby fir@ of a smell of appeasementw l a
:;,:;fl
I.:xa "(1:s
Jel~ovah.
10 " "d If his offering for a b u n t offering
4:4
is from the flock,' from the young r m s or the "en
I,, 53:7
goats: a male," a sound one, is what he will f i!i%
present. l ' h d it must be slaughterdd at the -\'ilN.l4
side of the altar to the north before Jehovnh,
and the sons of Aaron, the priests, must sprjnlcle
its blood round a b u t upon the altar.' And he 'bg:l2
must cut it up into its parts and its head and
its suet, and the priest must set then1 In order
aver the wood that is on the fire that Is on the
"And he will wash the intestines" and cEEE3'7
the shanks: with water and the priest must ,li:i2t:I$
present all of it and make it smoke*on the altar. p16;,<; ;
It is a burnt offering, an offering made by fire
c.1.:~
11
of a smell of appeasement" t o Jehovah.
xi1 ' ' ~ ' 2
14 l' 'However, if his offering as rt burnt offering to Jehovah is fmm the fowls, then he
must present his offerhgq from the turtledoves" 'Lu2:24
or the mde pigeons." 11"And the priest must '2 $78
present it at the altar and nip' off its head and 'Lo":R

;;L&,

i'Piirsta," 3ILXTSy. b Or, "And he will wnah its il~Ceatinsaand

iea slinnk~,"a "An offering made by flrc." Thir ie ita uat~nI1,ende.rilq, na though the Hebrew espression were tl~livedfmul t s h , '"re,"
Otliers, deiiving it Prom u t ~ s k take
,
r t to menu "the nicnnR Ily ahick
to act up friendly relations with God". Sue Exodu~29: 19, footnntm. d OP,"dad ho mwt slaughter it." * See hriticu* 1 : 2, footnotrd. "The ~ n a l epigeons." Lltmnlly, "sons of tire t l o ~ ~ : '
a

LEVITICUS 1:1 G 2 :5

333

'make it smoke upon the altar, but its blood

bust be drained outnupon thr side of the altar.
lG And he must m o v c its c ~ o p
with its ffeathersh and throw It beside the altar, to the east, to
the place for the fatty aphesP3 And he must
~ * 6 : 1 0 cleave it at its wings. He must not divide it."
A G c 15:lO
Then the priest must malce it smoke on the altar
m e 8.20 over the woad that is on the fire, It is a burntQ
+Ex2918 offering, an offcrjng*made by fire of a smell

rEgz:

IT

of appeasement* t a Jehovah.

SGe a:21
Ex 29.25

Le 6:21
X U %.a
h
9
-Le & ! I 1

Le 9 : f T
;Uu15:4
5-e s:2

Ch5:n

*Ex 29:2

su 7:ia
#EX Dl43

$ug$

2:

m e79
I

Le 10:12

oLe22:2
A S u IS:%

PE,

=:=

$$$%
CLe 8:2

'Now In case some soula would present

as an oflerlnp a graino* onering t o Jeho"

vah, his offering should prove to he fine flourm

and he must pour oil" over It and put frankincense" upan it. And he must bring it t o the
sons of Aaron, the priests, and th'e priest must
grasp from j t his flstful of its flne flour and its
oil along with all its frankincense, and he must
make it molce as R remembrancer" of it upon
the altar, as an offering made by fire of a smell
of appeasement t a Jehovah, And what js left"
of the -in
offering belongs to Aaron and his
sons, as something most holyQAfrom Jehovah's
offerings made by flre.
4 " 'And in raw you would present as an offering a grain offering in the ~vayof something
bakedin the oven, It should beof fineAour,m-

fermented- ring-shapcdQcakes moistened with

oil orf unfermcnted wafers* smeared with oil.
5 " "Andif your oficring Is a graln offeying
rnL, s;zl
F;2j,\:zs from off the griddle,'P it sl~oulclprove to be of

z!?

''E
hru 6:19

41 Or1 hipressed(fiqueecrd) out.') b0Jtr C ~ n t h o r ~ in

~ , "ngreement with
LAAX,S p and Th render i t aa " i t 3 flnr Ysnther~ (down)". Swne
translatom mnnld rrnrl it a~ "it r flll h (rxct.~ulr~nt) S r r Exodus
27: 3, fmtnoteb, d '%~oal.?'
FEIchrea, nrplr*~ak;L X X , pps!t.ahP'; Tg,

".

n'ni-sm.

Sce Leviticiis 1: 2, footnoted.

Or, "and."

1
fine flour moistened with oil, unfermented.
There should be a breaking& of it up into
28:9
pieces, and you must pour oil upon it.' It is a
grain offering.
1
7 " 'And if your offering is a p a i n offering
*Le7:9
out of the deep-fat kettle,b" it shouId be made of
fine flour with oil. And you must bring the
grain offering that was made of these to Jehovah and it must be presented t o the priest and
he must bring it near to the xltar. O And the
priest must lift off some of the grain offering
as a remembrancer" of it and must make it *:;5J%;6
smoke on the altar, as an offering made by %$:?
firec of a smell of appeasement t o Jehovah." NU s:18
dnA"'
what is left of the grain offering belongs '
t o Aaron and his sons, as something most holy Nu28:E
*Le G : I ~
of Jehovah's offerings" by fire.*
A E x 29:37
11 " 'No grain offering that YOU will present NU =:g
t o Jehovah shatlld be made a fermentedg thing, 3E;2?49
because YOU must make no fermentation and g:ifi1l
no honeyd' at all smoken as an off erhg made
by fire t o Jehovah.
12 " 'As0 an off eringmof the first fruits,- YOU ",FXg::,,
will present them to Jehovah, and they must h-u l5:m
not come up onto the altar for a smell of appeasement.
13 " 'And every offering of your grain offering you mill season with salt," and you must not *g,"&?" I
allow the salt of the covenantd* of your God0 to gFugi,
be missing upon your grain offering. Along with
every offering of yaws you aviIl present salt.

C?:z"2:?8

!I

*zh1;&;'

"Breaking." The ~ e r bhere is in the Hebrew i~lfinitiveahsolate and

hence is impersonal and i n d r h i t e as to hme, b A cooking pot for
deep-st fq-ing., aftw t h e fndinu of o u r soup or stm kettle. See
Exodus 29 :18, footnotea; Leviticns 1 : 9, foatnotec. d "Honey."
Eridently not that of the bee here, but the inoist~~l-e
or spbup of
dates. o~ juice or syrup of fi'Uih. "As." Or, '.As for.''
a

I
I

335

LEVITICUS 2: 14-3 :6

14 'And if you would present the grain offering

of the first ripe* fruits to Jehovah, you
;
;g;;;
S Z K ~4:42 should present green ears: roasted with fire, the
gritsu of new grain, as the grain offering of
=:17 your firstCripe fruits, And you must put oiI
upon it and place frankincense upon it. It is a
the priest must make the
a m 30;16 grain offering. J%Andl
remembrancer"
of
it
smoke,
that is, some of its
2 : gritSa and oil, along with a11 its
Le2.1:7
frankincense, as
Nu 518
Ne 13:14 an offering made by fire t o Jehovah.
hC 10:4
$LC 410
" 'And if his offering is a communionysacPLe 7111
r i f i ~ e ,if~ he
+ is presenting it from the herd,
Le 22:21
*NU6 : ~whether a male or a female, a soundt one is
'E
E;ii0 what he will present before Jehovah. And h e
2C05:21 must lay his hand upon the h e a e of his offerKeb 9 : s
cLe 4:23
ingD and it must be slaughteredcat the entrance
CLe i8:lo of the tent of meeting, and Aaron's sons,O the
priests, must sprinkle the blood round about
upon the altar. "d
he must present some of
the communion sacrificeb as an offering made
by fire to Jehovah, namely, the fat" that covers
*E
;9;13
~e7:3
the intestines, even all the fat that is over the
*intestines:
and the two kidneys' and the fat
'Le 7;4
Le5:16 that is upon them, t h e same as that upon the
=Le 4 9
loins. h d as for the appendage"upon the liver,
Le 8%
Le 8:ib
he will remove it along with the kidneys. And
A E x 29:13
Le 1:s
Aaroh's sons must make it smokeCon the altar,
upon the burnt offering that is over the wooda
Le9:10
LS
4:31
is on the fire, as an offering made by fire
,lLF&f that
of a smell of appeasement. t o Jehovah.
6 " 'And if his offering is from the flock for
?' &!% a communion sacrifice t o Jehovah, a male or a
Fp","c:$ female, a sounde one is what he will present.
3 That is, coarsely crushed kernels. b Or, "a sacrace of peaee oeerings.') *"It must ba slaughtered-" Or, more literally, "he must
'E~23:16
Ex 31:22

jr

+g,;;;

danghk it:'

LXX.

LEVITICUS 3 :7-16

336

If he is presenting a young ram as his offering, then he must present it before Jehovah,"&",k8;yf4
And he must lay his hand upon the head* of
2C
34
his offering and it must be slaughtereda" before 'L~e P4:15
the tent of meeting, and Aaron's sons must
sprinkle3 its blood round about upon the altar. OEb?:;!
a And from the communion sacrifice he must
present its fat as an offering made by fire t o
Jehovah. The entire fatty tailA near the back- A ~ ~ ~ : " 3 : 2 2
bone is what he will remove, and the fat that kg$:g
covers the intestines, even all the fat that is
upon the intestines, and t h e two kidneyst and +Le33
the fat that is upon them, the same as that upon
t h e loins. And as for the appendage" upon the 9kz$;z
liver, he will remove it along with the kidneys. k; g;:;
l1 And the priest must make it smoke" on the * E X ~ I ) : ~
1:9
altar as food,b* an offering made by fire t o Le
Le4:31
lSa 2:15
Jehovah.
*Le 21:6
12 "'And if his offering is a goat,* then he $,"g2?
must present it before Jehovah,dnA"'
he must ,2;',;!j7
lay his hand upon its headz and it must be
;;
slaughterdca before the tent of meeting, and c ~ g z $ ; o
Aaron's sons must sprinkIe* its blood round Isa 53:fi
8:28
about upon the altar. l a And from it he must Heb29:1~
present as his offering, as an offering made by +
~
fire t o Jehovah, the fat that covers the intestines, even all the fat that is upon the intestines," l5 and the two kidneys and the fat that is 9Le3:3
upon them, t h e same as that upon the loins. And
as for the appendage upon the liver, he will re- *Le3:4
~c3:11
move it along with the kidneys." l B And the **Le
1-17
priest must make them smoke upon the altar as ~ p h ' 5 : 2
food,b' an offering made by fire for a smell of "l"s"a%
appeasement. "11 t h e fat" belongs to Jeh0vah.O *&j&
a " I t must be ~laughtesd."Or, more literally, "he must slaughter
it," LXX. b Literally, "bread." "And they must slnughter it," L X X ,

cLe25:ls
OLc 25 :46
c s e 23 43
OLe 7%

BzA$;4

g:.~

Le 17:lQ

De 12:16

Ac15:20
V L 16:ag
~

CLe

736
537

17 " 'It is a statuteQto timeQ indefinite for

YOUR genera~ons,'in all YOUR dwelling places:
You must not eat any fat or any bloodAat all.' ''

And Jehovah went an to speak to Moses,

saying: "Speak to the sons of Israel, saying,'In case a soul^ should sinDunintentionallya0
in m y of the things that Jehovah0 cornman&"
should not be done and he has done one of

CLe 5 3 5
NU 15'22
ELe 7:s

k;

1
I1

them :0
3 '"If the priest,O the anointed one,b+should
:Le lf:15 sin so as to bring guiltiness upon the people,'
+Le8 12
Le 21:10 then he must present for his sine t h a t he has
el-Ieb 5 3
Heb7:27 committed a sound young bullC to Jehovah as
OLe 163
a sina off eringd ' And he must bring the bull to
the entrance of the tent of meeting before Jeho, , :3%,: Le 16.21 vaW and must lay his hand upon the bull's head*
and he must slaughter the bull before Jehovah.
z ~ 2:4t
And the priest, the anointed one,ez must take
some of the bull's blood and bring it into the
*LC16:14 tent of meeting,' %and the priest must dipf his
3Le 8:15
Ee9:g
fingeP in the blood and spatter some of t h e
Le 16:14
19:4
blood sevenA times before Jehovah in front of
ALe 14 16
Le 16:14 the curtain of the sanctuary. And the priest
s:15
e~ must
~ cLe~ 16:18
~ put some
i of~the blood
~ upon the horns4 of
PS na:n the altar of pelfumed incense before Jehovah,
which is in the tent of meeting, and all t h e rest
of the hull's blood he will pour at the base of
DLe17:1i
the altar" of burnt offering, which is at the entrance of the tent of meeting:
a sin of mistake (enwr)," bMAnointed one.'' M,
L I X , k%.cfip.iu.?ae$tfos.
c (4Youag bull." LiterJly, "a
Ilnll, a son of the herd." n'rha n sin offering," M ; "concerning his
sin " AyLXX ( A ) , e "Anointed one.', M,tfia.sLi'ahh; L.XX, christo$. Here and st verse 3 the Hebrem calls the high p i e s t a "messltth" o r "nnointed one", f Or, ''immerse; baptize." LX& bap'tein.
a Literally,
~tza.971
irahlt;

"by

LEVITICUS 4:8-15

338

339

8 " 'Asto all the fat af the bull of the sSln

offerfng, he will lift up from it the fat that covers over the intestines, even all the fat f hat is
aver the intestines: " and the two kidneys and
the fat that is upon them, the same as that upon
t h e loins. And as for the appendage upon the

LEVITICUS 4: 1&24

16 " 'Then the priest,the mointecl one,azmust

liver, he will remove it along with the l ~ i r i n e y ~ . " ~ $ ~ ~

"'It
will be the same as what is lifted up of an
ox of the communion2 sacrifice. And the priest 'LB 6:ia
must make them smoke upon the altar of burnt
*la3 9
offering."
1sa 2:16
11 " 'But as for the skina of the bull and dl '[de15:17
its flesh along with its head and its shanks and
Its intestines and its dung,' l2 he must have the _vu 1 9 5
entire bull taken out to the outskirts" of t h%!;e;:::campG t o a clean place where the fatty ashesA b.E 2;:"
arc poured out, and h e must burn I t upon wood
in the fire.# Where t h e fatty ashes are poul-ed '2,28,:,'::,
out it should be burned.
63 " 'Now if the entire assembly" of Israel oLB10:8
should make a mistake3 and the matter has ?Les:la
been concealed from the eyesz of the eonmega- SLe 2A:18
1'18'17
tion' In that they have done one of all the thin*that Jehovah commands should not be done and
.sa have become guilty,' and the sin that they 'y&Ff:
have committed against it has become kncr\vn,
then the congregation must present a young
bulla* for a sin offering and must bring it be- f;:&,P1,
fore the tent of meeting. l5And the older men
ij:
of t h e assembly must lay their hands upon the L;
bull" head* before Jehovah and the bull must
be slaughteredb before Jehovah,
I1 I1'Q~2.24
3.28
~1~

"

';:
E:;?:'

' 9oe verse 3, footnotee.

b LXXSy, ';and t h q mtrst d~tlghterthe

huL" But M, liter all^, reads: *'and he mmt nln~t~fiter
the bull,"

indicating that at most o m of the eider men rroitld nlaughtcr it.

bring some of the bull's blood into the tent of

meeting." And thc priest must diph his finger
into some of the blood and spatter it seven times
before Jehovnh in front of ille curtain.' I' And
,he 1viI1 put sonre of the blaocl upan the horns of
the altar that is before Jehovnh, which is in
the tent of meeting, nnd 811 the rest of the blood
he will pour at the base of the nltnr of burnt
offering, ~ v i ~ l cisl ~nt the entrance of the tent
3L@4:T
of meeting.: "' And he lvill lift up all its fat from
"Le 4 s
it and he must make it smoke on the altar?
'O And he must do to the 111111 just RS he did to
+EX 32:m
the other b~llFof the sin oflcrinc. That is the
Less
way he tvill do to it, and thc priest must make
sE&;;E an atonernent9for~them and EO it must be forGLe 6:7
giveno them. ' U n d he must ]lave the bull talcen
out to the outsltirts of the camp and must burn
*h16:15
Ezr 8 3 5 it just as he burned the flmt bull. It is a sin
zco 2 2 1 offering' for the clongrcgntlon.
CNU 196
Esu
E Is,zr
7~6 . 2
22 " 'When a chief tnin'"" sins and he does cornmit
unintentlona2ly one of nll the things that
~ S 24:10
2%
'71:1.
R
Jehovah his God commancls should not be done,
-1.e 4.14
&Si$:13and so has become guilty, T7 or his sin that
=Le 23:19
he has committed against the commandmentt
,,
$;g,"i:zhas been made known to hlrn,"then he must
bring as his offeringo a male kido of the goats,
' L e 4::
y hand upon
,,:, a sound one. " And he must 1 ~ his
c,LEi:ill the head' of t h e young goatK and slaughter it in
the placeu where the burnt offering is regularly
:

,,

,,,

''A~lointed one." M, ~ r i r a . ~ h i ~ n l r J,.YX*,

k;
r11ria.tns'; Ry, v ~ ' ~ h d k 7 1 .
OF, "immerse; haptiar," JAYS,bnp'taiu. ''Uurhin o f the arurctnnq-,'l L I X , Srtln and one 1 Irl~rorv~nunusc~ript,
d Litel.nlly, "lrreke
n e o ~ e r i l ro~er.'"
~
"Or, "an'*i." f"*Tltc rrlltl~tranrlt~lent."
Literally,
'5t,'* in the feminine ~ e n r l e l - ns rrfrtTj?~g
to the c r ~ t ~ ~ r i n ~ i r l m e n
g Or, "the kid."

LEVITICUS 4 5 5 4 3

340

slaughtered before Jehovah. It is a sin oflering.' Au

25 And Ehe priest must take same of the blood
of the sin offering with his finger and put it
upon the horns of the altar of h r n t offering,
and he 11411 pour t h e rest a its blood at the base
of the altar of burnt offeringtb And he will P&$:,
make all its fat smoke on the altar like the fat
;$,
of the communion sacrifice,' and the prjest must IJCI>~;:TZ
make an atonernenp for him for his sin, and so ?l$'!iz:so
I .P 4 :.ro
it must be forgiven him.
xu 15:2$
27 " 'And if any soula of the people of the
land should sin Pmintentionally3 by his doing
one of the things that Jehovah commands
X5:n
should not be done" and he has become ~ ~ i l t y , " ~ ; ~ ; ~

'' or his sin that he has committed has 3>ea1 K" ~ : ( i

made known to him, then he must bring as his .$
;:,'?
offering a female kid* of the goats, a aound one, &$:,
for his sin that he has committed, "And he 1-0
I.P 3:2
must lay his hand upon the head3 of the sin
offering and slaughter the sin aflering in the;;I;::
same place as the burnt offering. B%d t h e I[PIJ I I : ~
priest must take some of its blood wjth his >2z4?;2'
finger and put it u p n the horns of the altar ;5:
of b u n t offering, and he will pour all the rest o;:;l;;if2
of its bImd a t the base of the altar." J I A n dhe +~hc n. ra: 8
will remove dl its fat,+just as the fat was re- .EY 3:19
moved fmrn off the c u m u n i o n sacrifice; and
i;:
the priest must make it smoke on t h e altar as a :;;~;.~~o
smell of appeasementmto Jehovah, and the
4F;;;,iI;
priest m~tstmake an atonement for him, nnd so $
;
{
;
;
;
:
A? a :x
it must be forgiven him."
1 1 ' ~Y .L9
h4s ne 5 : ~ ;
32 " 'But if he would brhg a lamb"
offering for a sin offering, a sound' female Jamb 'k'?,?:!:29
is what he should bring. 3 3 And he must lny !\?:'4!bi4
~'cSoul."Hebrew, taeph'os7r; LSX,p Y . c h @ ; Vg, a'rri.mrr. b"A

I;.;;;;;,

Intul,,'" W ; "n fe~unlelalrrh," Sam.

his hmd upon the head of the sin offering and

slaughter it as a sin sflerjng in the place where
=Le4:4
the burnt oflerlng Is regular1y ~Inughtered,~
34 And the priest must take some of the blood
of the sin offering with his finger m d put i t
upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering,
and he will pour all the rest OF its blood a t the
tLe4:25
base of the altarsA38 And he will remove all its
fat the same as the fat of the young ram of
the comrnunio~~
sacrjfice is regularly removed,
and
the
priest
must
make them smokeP on the
(22?;9:13
~ e 3 . 5 altar upon Jehovah's offerings made by fire,
Le 9211
and the priest must mnke an atonement* for
ISa2:ls
'Le 1.4
him for his sin that he has committed, and so
Le 6.7
it must be forgiven birn."
L@Ik30XU
15%
CQ1354
'' 'NOWin case a soula' should sin in that
1Jo 2:2
E l J o 2:7
he has heard publlc cursinah" and he is a
Ge 2 3
witness9or hr has seen it or has come to know
?"prze:24
:;$
of it, if he should not report it, then he must
Fr 30:9
answer* for his i n f q ~ i t y . ~ "
I.~
17:16
2 'OFwhen a soul6 touches some uncleanc
Le 1 9 3
t e 2 n . 1 7 thing) whether the dead body of m unclean
wild beastc or the dead body of an unclean doE$;1sa53:11
:zi:3
mestic animal or the dead body of an unclean
iPe-!r24
'st. 1.11 swarming a'eature,%Ithough i t has been conLe 33:24
XU ELI
waled from him,' still he is unclean and has b e
2Co 6:17
come guilty.' W in case he should touch the
:& 1;:s
:ie 2i:!7
-ps 19:IZ uncleanness%f a man' as respects any unclean:k;fjt& ness' of his with which he may become unclean,
although it had been concealed from him, and
Le 12:2
L~
1.33
Le 15:J
yet he himself has come to know it, then he has
Xu 19.11
become guilty.
4 " 'Or in case a soula should swear t o the

' ; ir'nLma, Liter"Soul." Hebrew, r~ephpealt;LXX, p s ! ~ ~ r k ~Vg,

ally, %card the voice (eronnd) a f rnwing." See a~rleaia24: 41,
f~0tn0t@.5 ''bdeau,'' cercn~oninlty.f.. h 4 ~ n c l e n n n c sceremonially.
s~'

extent of speaking thoughtlmsly with hb lips

to do evil* or to do good as respects anything at
all that the man might speak thoughtlessly in
a sworn" statement," although it had been concealed from him,and yet he himself has come
to lmow it, then he has become guilty as respects one of these things.
5 " 'And it must occur that in case he should
become guilty as respects one of these things,
then he must canessCn in what way he hns
sinned. And he must bring his g u i 1 t P offerin@
t a Jehovah for his sin that he has committed,
namely, a female from the flock, a female lamb
or a femaleo kid of the goats, for a sin offering,
md the priest must make an atonement for him
+te 4:ZU
for his sin.'
O L c l2:8
e 111:21
7 " 'If, though, he cannot afforda" enough L
2co s:12
JAS 2 : s
for a sheep, then he must bring as his guilt of.
ferinp for the sin that he has committed two
turtledoves"~ two male pigeons t o Jehovah,
one for a sin offering" and one f o r a burnt offer.
ing." And he must bring them t o t h e priest,
who must present first the one for the sin offering and nipu off its head at the front of its neck,
but he should not sever it. " And he must spatt e r some of the blood of the sin offering upon
t h e side of the altar, but the remainder of the
blood will be drained out at the base of the
I& 1:s
a1tar? It is a sin off @ring. And the other one *Le
4:s
7:2
he will handle as a burnt offering according to PLe
h 1~14
4:N
the regular pnxledur15~and the priest must *LR
k e fi:7
L a 1%:8
make an atonement' for him for his sin that he h'u
1.5:25
3: lf
has committed, and so it must be forgivenp him. p!!tchx .71:n
11 " "Now if he m y not have the means
a Literally,

"If, though,

hand -not

reach.''

:.EX 29::
LC 2 1

for&two turtledoves o~ t~r-omale plgeons, then

he must brim ss his offering for the sin he has

committed the tent11 of an e'phah of fine florlrs

a sin offering. He must not put oil' upon it
and he must not place frankincense- upon it,
ior it I s a sin offering.# h 2 A n dhe n~ustbring
n-';~t,":P2,
1 . '
it to the priest, and the priest must grasp from
: . ~ 29
I-* (::tn
it his fistful as a remembrancer' of it and must
1!: 7
.:~:~:ii m n k e it smoke OH the altar upon Jehovah's
.-:.p .I.-",
. ." -* offerings mnrle by iirePyIt is a sin offering:
And the priest must make an atonementVor
hlm For his sin that he has committed, any one
pLoka
of thcsc sins," and so it must be forgivenv him,
nnd it must become the priest's the same as a
gmin oft'cr1ng.l "*
'k
?:io
l.'fl?:2R
14 And Jehovah con t hued t o speak to Moses,
11.>n9 : l J
saying: l5 '"n case n aoul should behave unJ O : 1 8 faithfully in that he has sinned unintentionally@
14e22:l.L
XU I
against the holy things of Jehovah," then he
'LCU:ll
must bring m his guilt' offering to Jehovah a
HF.E a;:2
Lta 17.58
sound ramq from the flock, according t o thec
:Lo n,s
estimated" v ~ l u c in silverB shekels,' by the
:$!;To!&
1~~327:2~
.1,o 21:IH sh~I<clo f the sanctuary,d as a guilt offering.
:lac 1 8 s
l n And he will make compensationG for the sin
Id@ r2.14
Le z ; : l n he hns committecl against the sanctuary and
xu '"
:.EX i;?:20 he will add to lit a fifthL'of it and he must give
$:! Zo it to the priest, that the priest may make an
atonement" for him with the ram of the guilt
$i1YB
1f.b
17 offering, and so it must be forgivent him.
I l.:u 3 &:!I
.I thl
17 "And if a soul should sin in that he has
14' I > 7
~ ~ r o .done
3
one of all the things that Jehovah wmst1 :+fI45
rnandsu should not be done, although he did not
E I& 22 :!I
*!'q l ' j : I A
, : , , 3 lcnow it,' yet he has become guilty and must
1 [PI) 5 .!
answere for hjs iniquity. l* And he must bring
bL,
a I,itr.t.ally, ''if his 1rn11d ins
not ottnin to.'' Or, "things," or,

.'

Sll

I5I.If i f o r

fi

1.11

. I d V

l.11

n . e o n . ~ ' l a UCrnIIy, "your."

"

rot-,<lrpthe holy ah~keLcl."

LEVITICUS 5 :19-6:7

344

a sound ram from the Aock according to the

estimated value, for a guilt" offering, to the "?$s,jl,
priest, and t h e priest must make an atonementu "Le 1:4
for him f o r his error that he committed by
2214
mlstake,O although he himself did not h o w it,
and so it must be forgiven him.* It is a guilt 'fsa53:12
offering. He has unmistakably become guiltyQ OFF;;^^
260 5:19
against Jehovah.'"
AndR Jehovah went on to speak to Moses,
saying: "In case a soul should sin in that
he has behaved unfaithfully toward JehovahA *k:5,iF
and has deceived4his associate about something
in his charge or a deposit in hand' or a robberya 2;;425
or he has defrauded his associate," or he has ;~;~y;;
found something lost* and has lied about it and G Y ~11:12
has sworn" falsely" over any of all the things "FFg!
that t h e man might do to sin by them; then,:,,,,,Jer 9:5
it must occur that in case he should sin and *E;:$
indeed become g ~ i l t y ,he
~ must return the
robbed thing which he has robbed or the ex- Le 5:3
20:19
torted thing which he has taken by f x u d A or *Job
J o b 243
the t h g in his charge which was put in his pgiaji
chargeor t h e thing lost which he has found, or Z",! :;:
anything at all over which he-might swear falsely, and he must make compensationo for it in 'EF1:;
its full amount and he will add t o it a fifth of y&g.3
it. To the one whose it is he will give it on the ?
;?;
day his guilt is proved. "nd
as his guilt offer- $
LU 19:8
+Le 5:15
ing he will bring to Jehovah a sound ram' from 1sa 53:10
the flocl~according to the estimated value, for ,F::z14
a guiltp offering, to the priest. %d the priest
$?!
must make an atonement2 for him before Jeho- ;
;
;
;i;
vah, and so it must be forgiven" him regarding cLe 19:22
any of all the things that he might do resulting
in guiltiness by it."
a This is verse 20 i n 31, but L X X , Sy and Vg begin chapter 6 here.

0E

oc:z$

8 And Jehovah continued to speak t o Moses,

saying: "Command Aaron and his sons, saying, 'This is the la+ of the burnt offering:"
The burnt0 offering wilI be on the hearth upon
the altar all nightQlong until the morning," and
the fire of the altar will be kindled in it. And
the priest must clothe himself with his official
ELK?16:4
*Ex 25:B dress of lineqm and he will put the linen drawEze 4 4 3 7 ers" on over his flesh. Then he must lift up the
*Ev 39:s
DEx 27:3
fatty asheso of the burnt offering that t h e
LC I:lG
Le 4:12 fire regularly consumes upon the altar and he
must place them beside the altar. l1 And he
must strip off his garment& md put on other
garments and he must take the fatty ashes out
OLe 4:lZ to a clean place outside the camp.O la And the
Le 1&27
Heb 1 3 2 1 fire*on the altar will be kept burning on it. It
+Le 9:24
should not go out. And the priest must burn
woodm on it morning by morning and set the
burnt offering in order over it and he must
make the fatty pieces of the communion0 offer"Ps80:3
Isa 33:14 ings smoke over it. l 3 Fire* will be kept conDa ?:la stantly burning on the altar. If:should not go
out.
14 " 'NOWthis is the law of the grain* offering: You sons of Aaron, present it before Jehovah in front of the altar. l5 And one of them
'Fk 30:16
Le 2:2
must lift up in his fist same of the fine flour of
Le 5 9 2
the grain offering and some of its oil and all. the
Le 24 :7
Nu 5:18 frankincense that is upon the grain offering,
Ne 13:14
Rc 10:1
and he must make it smoke upon the altar as a
QLF a:3
Le 5:13 smell of appeasement for a remembrancer' of
Eze 44:29
1Co 9 :13 it to Jehovah. lC And what is left of it Aaron
LEx 12:8
Le LO:12 and his sons will eat.n It will be eaten as wfer1CO 5 :8
mentedAcakes in a holy place. They will eat i t
XU 2 2 8
O L e 24:3
in the courtyarda of the tentP of meeting. l7 It
O L C 2:1L
fiTt 16:12 should not be baked with anything fermentedm4
1Pe 2:n

I have given it as their share out of my offeringsCmade by fire.' It is something most holy,5 &
:; yzi
like the sin offering and like the guilto offering. @Ex29-33
ls Every male" among the sons of Aaron will
;$
eat it, It is an allowance to time indefinite" *Le 2132
Iiu 18:lO
throughout YOUR generations from Jehovah's ttte3:17
offerings made by fire, Everything that may
*Ex2 9 : 3 ~
touch them mill become holy.' ""
Le 22:3
19 And Jehovah went on speaking t o Moses,
saying: "This is the offering' of Aaron and ;Ez"5;:
his sons that they mill present t a Jehovah on ie,;i;?
the day of his being an~inted:~
the tentho of an O E Y 1s:as
Le 5:11
e'phah of fine flour as a grain* offering con- *EX
23:40
stantly, half of it in the morning and half of it
11:24
in t h e evening.@ If will be made with oil upon
a ~ i d d l e You
. ~ will bring' it well mixed. You e$?$
h
will present the pastries of t h e grain offering in ~ c i3:m
Eze 4:3
pieces as a smell of appeasement to Jehovah,
" And the priest, the one anointedRzin place of zM12:4
him from among his sons, wilI make it.* It is a "f;e,$;::,
regulation t o time indefinite:" The whole of it z
,b
:P
;,
will be made to smoke t o Jehovah.' 59 And every; : *
grain offering of a priest should prove t o be a
o h Z:IO
whole offering." It must not be eaten."
24 And Jehovah spoke further to Moses, saying: 's "Speak t o Aaron and his sons, saying,
'This is the law of the sin offeringin In the a ~ e - 4 : s
place0 where the burnt offering is regularly 0%
slaughtered the sin offering will be slaughtered
before Jehovah. It is a most holy thing.+2 T h e
$$?
priest who offers it for sin will eat iLmIn a holy mE,lti7
placex it will be eaten in t h e courtyard* of the .E;4:;B
tent of meeting.
SEX
EX 3
n
8:
:
99
27 " 'Everything that may touch its flesh will g;,4,4:f3

z%,zj

z&

's

"One wnointed," N, wa.skitakh; LXX, ch&.taaP.

'Ex 29:37
Ex 30:29
hIt Q:2l
hlt 14:38

become holy,* and when anyone spatters some

of its blood upon the gament, you will wash
what he spatters blood upon in a holy place.
ea And the earthenrvare4 vessel in which it may
be boiled. is to be shattered. But if it was bailed

in a copper vessel, then it must be scoured and

rinsed with water.
29 " 'Every maIe m o n g the priests will eat
A L e 6:18
itah
It is something most
"However, no
xu r m o
PLc 21:22 sin offering of which some of t h e blood' will
Ps 93:5
+Le 4:5
be brought into the tent of meeting to make
Le 10:18
Ee 2657 atonement in the sanctuary m t be eaten. It is
Reb 9;12 to be burned with fire.
Hob 13:11
" 'And this is the la+
of the guiltP offering:' It is something most holy.' In the
place* lrvhme they regularly slaughta the burnt
offering they will slaughter the guilt offering,
and its blood* one will sprinkle round about upon the altar. " As Em d
l its Fatfahe will present
of it .the fatty tail and the fat that covers the
intestines, 'and the t w o kidneys and the fat

Le 5:s
Heb 9:19
Heb 9:22

Heb 11:2E

Hab 12:24

1Pe 1 : 2
DEx 29:13
Le %:3

that is upon them the same as that up011 the

loins. And as f o r the appendage upon the liver,
he will remove i t along with the kidneys." And
the priest must make them smoke on the altar
as an offering made by fire to Seh0vah.O It is
a guilt offering. Every male among the priests
will eat it.' In a holy place it will be eaten. It is
something m s t holy.E Like the sin offering
so is the guilt offering. There is one law for
them." The priest who will make atonement
with it, his it will become.
8 " 'As for the priest who presents the burnt
offering of any man, the skin* of the burnt
offering that he has presented to the priesta
will become his.

LEVITICUS 7 :9-18

348

thiatd d ~ ythe
, one presenting it wiIl not be accepted'
with
approval. It will not be put to his
1.r 22.23
,
o
r
4
:
~
C
C
O
U
R
It
~
.
will
~
become a foul thing," and the
deep-fat kettlen and upon the griddleA belongs :k:$g
NLI19 a7
n l , ~1 1 113 souln that eats some of it will answer for his
to the priest who presents it. It will become h h Q ?;;;i2,
~ ' LLClia:ll
E
c ~ : ~ ~
iniquity.' 3@Andthe flesha that may touch anyl o B ~every
t
grain offering that is moistened >k;:tn
unclean* is not to be eaten. It is te be
with oil' or dry wiZE come to be for all of Aaron's ~ c n4 u
;L: 1[:.: thing
burned
tvi th fire, As f o r the flesh,everybody
sons, for t h e one the same as for the other. *pi:
LC2rl 17
1.e zz.16 clean may eat the flesh.
11 " 'Now this is the Iaw of the communiono
NII 1:J
1
20 d' 'And the mula who eats the flesh of the
sacMcee that anyone rviIl present t o Jeh* 'E !4:21
lLll f l . ? L
XU
15 communion sacrifice, which i
vah: " If he would p-nt
it in expression of
s for Jehovah,
@LC 16:1
thanksgiving,axthen he must present along trtith
while his uncleanness is upon him,' that soula
the sacrifice of thanksgiving unfermented ring- ~ ~ ; . $ ~ ; ~ ~ 'Gcn:14
Pi*. 1?:15 must he cut'off from his people. a And in case a
should touch anything ~~nclean,
the mshaped cakes moistened with oil and unferment- p$;Ij
;:,N
pd;; sotlln
ZP 20:s
ed wafers smeared with oil and well-mixed fine 2t:o s.u
c1r;anness
of
a manh' or an unclean beast* or any
Nu I:J:20
unclean loathsome thing,Dand then should acflour as ring-shaped cakes moistened with oil.* *L:;i,l
n L e 12:rl
t@ 15.2
I 'Along with ring-shaped cakes of fermented*
el,, jt.zd tually eat some of the flesh of t h e communion
?&;;;:,
sncriflee, which is for Jehovah, that soulBmust
bread he will present his offering together with A m -1%
143
be cut off fi80m his people,' 'IA
the thanksgivingr sacrifice of his communion ulm
Et.0 4 : l d
"I-"
20
offerings. And out of it he must present one
22 And Jehovah continued t o speak t o Moses,
af each offering as a sacredCportionvo Jeho- OLeT:s4
ezi;;7 saying: Pfl'Spe~kto the sons of Israel, saying,
vah;' as for the priest who sprinkles the blood 'E:g:E
L C I ~ : ~'Yournust not eat any fatb of anoxorayoung
De 37-18
of the communion offerings, it wiU become his.0 o&;y$t
ram or a g o ~ t9'. NOWthe f a t of a dead body and
1st :j':'io
Ri:3,7
dnA"'
the flesh of the thanksgiving sacrifice of
I
I:X 22: 13 f he fat of an animal torn* to pieces may be used
I:X 22: 31
his cornmullion offerings is t o be eaten on the
foranythlng else conceivable, but YOU mustnot
lH:lr
day of his offering. He must not save up any of
eatC it a t all. 2bForanyone eating fat from the
it until rnorningmc'
beast from which he presents it as an offering
*LC22:ao
%e
18:~
made by Are t o Jehovah, the soula that eats
16 " 'And if the sacrifice of his offering is a
l s ~ fIZIB
vo1P OF a voluntary offeringj4it is to be eaten z
, ~RO:~S
EX
:,., must be cut off" from his people.
kg;!
'la@
2.7::3. i
on the day of his presenting his sacrifice, and E!,l~;y!
26 " 'And YOU must not eat any blood" in any
on the next day what is left of it also may k
places
where you dwell,O whether that of fowl
k: o:yl;
eaten." lT But what is left of the flesh of the ' U I g g
or
that
of beast. ?'Any souln who eats any
?dn1,';l.&
1.;rc3''27 blood, that soula must be cut off from his
sacrifice on the third day is to be burned with
15 2,)
n c Ir,.n
fire.#l9 Ho~vever,if any of the flesh of his corn- *Le"g"
at,* 7 2 I
-- people-' ""
munion sacrifice should at all be eaten on the
* '*Snnl."?[, rrcplr'wlr; kX?,p~y.cRr",b"STnn."' M,~.dam"; R hhnwnn c ~ ~ n t n r nn
e; ~~Pthli~~g,
Or, Npraise.'' Or, %care offering; rontrihution,"

9 " 'And every grain0 offering that may be

baked in the oven" and every one made in the

aLe14:iP

'b2:4

ete
c

"""

I :

"4"

'1

*Gb<

,,

nt.

351
28 And Jehovah %venton to speak to Moses,
saying: e" "Speak to the sons of Israel, saying,
'He who presents his communion sacrifice t o
Jehovah will bring his offering t o Jehovah from
his communion sacrifice.* His hands will bring
as Jehovah's offerings made by fireo the fat
upon the breast. He will bring it with the
breast" t o wavev it to and fro as a waveQoffering before Jehovah. And the priest must make
the fat smoke upon the altar,' but the breast
must become Aaron's and his sons'.?
32 " 'And YOU will give the right" legk as a
sacredportion' to the priest from YOUR communion sacrifices. a 8 That one of Aaron's sons who
presents the blood of the communion offerings
and the fat, the right leg will become his as a
portion.' aWor the breast of the wave offwing"
and the leg of the sacred" portion 1 do take
from the sons of Israel from their communion
sacrifices and I shall give them t o Aaron the
priest and his sons, as a regulation to time indefinite,"from the sons of Jkrael.
35 " "This was the priestly share of Aaron
and the priestly share of his sons from Jehovah's offerings made by fire, on the day that he
presented" them to act as priests to Jehovah,
just as Jehovah' had commandedoto give it to
them on the day of his anointing them from 4 CK 40:15
LC&:I2
among the sons of Israel.$ It is a statute to time *Le
3:17
i n d e h i t e for their generations.' "+
Heb 732
sLe 6 : 9
37 This is the law concerning the burnt offer- "Le 2:l
-1:s
the grain o f f e r i n g m a the sin offering# #LC
*Le 5 : G
3Le 14:22
and the guilt' offei'mg* and the installationo 0L.e 8:22
29:l
sacrifice' and the communion sacrifice:
just OEx
Le 6:20
A
L
E
3:1
as Jehovah had commanded Mosesp in Mount pEe 25:l
Si'naiP in the day of his commanding the sons

LEVITICUS 8: 1-12

of Israel to present their offerings to Jehovah

in the wilderness of Si'nai.+
And Jehovah proceeded to speak t o Moses,
saying: a "Take Aarono and his sons with
him' and the garments" and the anointing oil3"
and the b d l of the sin oflerjng%nd the two
ramsa and the basket of mf ermentedQcakes,"
and make all the assembly congregateax at the
entrance of the tent of meeting.''"
4 Then Moses did just as Jehovah had corn2':2
manded him, and the assembly congregated at
"EX 3637 the entrance4 of the tent of meeting. Moses
now said to the assembly: "This is the thing
that Jehovah h a given command to do."
kE.i?$ig
Moses
br0ugh.t Aaron and hk sons near and
F&",iil
Eph 5:26 washedk them with water.'
AEter that he put
Hcb a .I0
the
robem
upon
him
and
girded
him with the
mEx 28.38
sashn
and
clothed
him
with
the
~leweless
coatj
gx\g$
EX a m 9 and put the eph'odr upon him and girded him
with the girdleBof the eph'od and bound it closejE
ly t o him with it. ' Next he placed the breast:
C E ~ 2 s : T pieceot upon him and put in the breastpiece the
SEX 26:8
EX 34 XI
U'rim" and the Thum'rnim." Then he placed
tEx 2S:15
EX 39:g
the turbanv upon his head and placed upon the
tl EK 28:30
at the forefront of it the shining plate
Ezr 2.63 k ~ b m
GSU 4.11
38,28
of
the holy sign of dedication,cwjust as
had commanded Moses.
P ~ " , X 3 Jehovah
~ ~ ~
10:'
10 Moses now took the anointingIv oil and
vEx 30 26
h ~ ~e : 3 1 anointed the tabernacleo and all that was in it
zLe 4:6
and sanctified them. '"fter
that he spatteredx
+Le16:19 some of it seven times upon t h e altar9 and
anointed the altar and all its utensils and t h e
basin and its stand so as t o sanctify them.
l2 F%FinalIy he poured same of the anointing 02

I
,

I
I

li

"Congregate?' L X X , ek.k7e.si.ataed~r.6 See Exodus 28 : 30, &+st

footnotea. *Or, "the holy disdem," or, '?he diadem of holine~s."

LEVITICUS 8:13--22

352

upon Aaron's hea* and anointed him so as to %$?

smctify him.'
~ r21:10
I,e
3o:m
;
13 Moses then brought Aaron's sons near 2;;;i;
and clathcd them with robesa and glrded them EX 40:re
with snshes' and wrapped the headgeark upon kEz:"40
them, just as Jehovah had commanded Moses. *k,2g;10
14 Then he led up t h e bull* of the sin offer- &5;,; :
Ing and Aaiwn and his sons laid their hands gF;z9
upon the headu of the bull of the sin offcrjng. ye::;;
And Moses proceeded to slaughter it" and A E Y ~ ~ : I I
take the blood0 and put it with his finger upon &",:=
the horns of the altar round nbout and purify
the altar from sin, but the rest of the blood he
poured at t h e base of the altar, that he might
sanctify it t o make atonement' upon it. IQ After +Epg
that h e took all the fat that was upon the in- ~;e,g&
testincs, and the appendage of tlic liver and the
two kidneys and their fat and Moses made them
~rnokeupon the a1tar.O fl And he had tlic bulI Q;,";z13
and ita skin and its flesh and its dung burned
with fire outside the camp," just as Jehovah
L@ 6:30
had ~ ~ m m a d eMOSES.
d
Le 16:n
18 He now brought the ram of the burnt
offering near and A a m and his sons then laid
2K9 : ~
their hands upon the head of the ram." After ~LeE1:4
that Moses slaughtered it' and sprinkled the *En29:11
blood ~wundabout upon the altar.u lnAnd 11e "Ex29:12
cut up the ram into its piecesr and Moses pro- 1'&29:17
ceeded t o make the head and the pieces and the
suet smoke. " And the intestines and the shanks
he washed with water and Moses then made the AE, zs:m
entire ram smoke upon the altaran It was a 0E
burnt offering for a smell of ~ppeasement.~
It &,?,9:,
WRS an offeringGmade by fire t o Jehovah, just aLe%:S
as Jehovah had commanded Moses,
22 Then he brought the second ram, the ram

*E?$

!;E

of the installati~n,~
near and Aaron and hk
sons laid t h e k hands upon the ram's head.
:z After that Moses slaughtered it and took some
of i t s blood and put it upon the tip of Aaron's
right ear and upon the thumb of his right hand
and upon the big toe of his sight foot,'524 Next
Moses brought Aaron's sons near and put some
of the blood upon the tip of thdr right ear and
upon the thumb of their right hand and upon
the big toe of their right foot, but hloses sprinl<lcdi the rest of the blood round about upon
the altar.
25 Then he took t h e fat and the f ~ tail
t and
all the fat that was upon the intestines, nnd t h e
appendages of the liver and the two Iridncys and
their fat and the right leg." 2OAnd out of the
basket of unfermented cakes that was before
Jehovah he took one unfermented ring-shaped
caBe"nd one ring-shaped c~lccof oiled breada
~ n one
d wafer." He then plnccd them upon the
fntty pieces and the right leg. @ ? After that h e
put a11 of them upon the palms of Anron and the
palms of his sons and began to wave them to and
fro as a wave" offering b~foreJehovah." :h Then
Moses took them ofT their palms nnd made them
smoke upon the altar on top of the burnt offering." They were an installntionP sacrifice for a
smell of appeasement.' It was an offering made
by fire to Jehovah."
29 And Moses proceeded t o take the bre&
and to wave it to and fro as a wave offering belore Jehovah." From the Fnstallation* ram it
bccame the portion for Moses, just BS Jehovah
had commanded Moses,
30 After that Moses took some of the anointing oil* and some of the bIood that was upon

LEVITICUS 8: 3 1 9:2

354

the altar and spattered it upon Aaron and hfs

garments and upon his sons and the garments of
his sons with him. Thus he sanctifiedx AatmoniN", 'J'?g3
and his garments and his sons and the garments
of his sons with him.
31 Then Moses said to Aaron and his sons: VEXS : ~ I
"Boil\' the flesh at the entrance of the tent of %:$?m
meeting, and there is where YOU will eat it" ,:';';:!
and the breada that is in the installation hnskct, 3 r ~ ~ ? ~ : ' (
just RS I was given the c ~ m a n d snyina,
,~
'Aaron and his sons n-ill eat it.' And what is
left over of t h e flesh and the breacl YOU wi11
buin with fie.'-\ SS And \-ow must not go out .'-E-Fp
Stborn the entrance of the tent of meeting for,
sewn days,hmZil the day of fulfilling the days :E:zg
of YOLT installation,[: because it will lakc seven 'lcX
d ~ y sto fill YOUR.hand with power." JLIS~
8 6 .if
1.2
.?!jRO
has been done this day, Jehovah has commanded ' I . ( # 4:m
t,o 6:7
to be done so as to make atonement' for you. I,r 12:a
.In And YOU will stay at the entrance of the tentl ::I,'?:??
of meeting day and nightqfor seven clays: ~ n d fi!:7
YOU must keep the obligatory* watch of Jeho-;: '
vRh, that you may not die, for so I have been !; :jly
1 l i t 2,s
commanded."
F:/c 1R:ll
36 And Aaron and his sons proceded to do
all the things that Jehovah had commanded by
4%w-43
means of Moses.'
Do 4:l
And it mme about on the eighth* day that "men13:n
Moses called Amon and his sons and the
older rnm of Israel. Then he snid l o Anran:
"T~lrefor yourself a young calfcafor a sin of-''1109:te
feringn and a ram0 for a burnt offering,' sound' .:kt
a "dust r14 I WZE given the con~mnnil,"I,XXSy.yTO;"jmt as the Lord

'z:

l:"

'z:$'

in~trurtedtie," Tg. Here the Llehrew rerh is vo\rcl-l~oir~tprl

(IilT'ervntl!. f r o ~ nthe farue verb i n rersc 35. {)r, ' k c r ~ n~laynto itr3tt1ll
uor." a "Yonng calf.'' Litmlly, "a ertlf, rr son of l l ~ ehrrll," .\E,

P L e 423

t e If215
Em 6:&7
+Le ~G:J

Ezr 10:19
cLe 17'5
CLe 37.7

GLe 2$:2

@Id 3:1
*LC2:4
Le 6:14
r Ex 29:43

'Ex 19:17
De 3 1 : E

3Ch 15:3
'Le 10:15

nSn 1&2l

,;

LElv 1 6 : l O

Ex 23:lG
E X 4-34
1K i

2Ch

J.,

a1.e 4:3
'.Le 8:34

Heb 3:s
Heh 7 3 7
oLe 22:18
*Lo -i:l-i
eLe 16.33
a e b 9.:

aLe ri:4
*Le 8 3 5
Heb 9:?2

'LC 4:T
LC IC:18
E t e 3:3
Le .1;8

ALe 8 5 6
E h rI:U
Le $:I7

Heb 13:X

ones, and present them before Jehovah. But

to the sonsn of Israel you will speak, saying,
'Take a male goatqor a sin offering and a calf
and a young rrrm,' each a year old, sound ones,
for a burnt off erjng, ' and an ox nnd a ram for
communion3 offeringsmt o sacrificeo them b e
fore J e h o v ~ h and
, ~ R grain ofTerjngxmoistened
with oil, because today is when Jehovah will
certainly nppmr to YOU.' "#
5 Accartlin~ly they took what Moses had
commanded b c f o ~ cthe tent of meeting and the
whole assembly came near and stood: More
Jehovah.' And Moses went on to say: ''Tllis is
the thing t h ~ JcIiovahCt
l~nscommanded YOU
shouId do, that t h e gloryrbof Jehovahp may
appear to ~ o u . "Then
~ Moses said t o Aaron:
"Go near t o thc ~ l t a rancl rcnder up your sin
offering" and your burnt offerfng and make
atonementqn your own behalf nnd in behalf of
your houseb and rendcr up ilic orfferinga of t l ~ e
people' and make ntonementvn their behalf,
just as Jehovah has commended."
8 Aaron irnlnediatcly went near t o the altar
and slat~ghtercd the calf of the sin offering
that tvas for him.-Then
Aaron's sons presented the b l d to- him and he dipped his finger
in the blood" and put it upon the horns of the
altar,' and thc rest of the blood he poured a t
the base of t h e altar, And hc made the fat"
and the kidneys a11d the ~ppendageof the liver
from the sin offering srnolce upon the altar!
just as J e h o v ~ hhad camrnnndecl Moses. "
Id
he bt~rnedthe flesh and t1.w aldn with Are outside the camp.'

"Your house," LXS,

1 *lSonsTJISyT*g; "oldtr n ~ e r , " LXX9nnl.
in agreement ~4thLeviticus 10: 15; "thc people,'' BiP~X'gSnm.

LEVITICUS 9: -22

357

356

12 Then he slaughtered the burnt offkring

and Aaron's sons handed him the blood and he
sprinkled it round about upon the altar.' '"nd

they handed him the burnt. Mering in its p1,leccs

and the head and he proceeded to maIce them
snloke upon the altar. " Furtl~er,he w ~ s l l e dthe
intestines and the shanks and made then1 smolte
upon the hurnt offering on the altar.&
15 He now went to presenting t h e odering
of the people" and took t h e goat of the sin offering that {!.as for the people and slaughtered
it and made an offering for sin with i t as wit11
the frst l C Then he presented the burnt offering and handled it according to the regular
procedure.'
47 He next presented the grain offering' and
f l l l d his hand with same of it and made it
smoke upon the altar, apart from the burnt
offering of the morning,"
18 After that he slaughtered the ax and the
mrn of the communion sacrificeAthat mas for
the people and Aaron's sons handed him the
blood and he sprinkled it round about upon the
altarme'% for the fatty pieces* of the ox and
the fat tailg of the ram and the fat coverinjin
and the kidneys and the appendage of the ltvcr,
?"they1>
now placed the fatty pieces upon the
breasts,"after which he made t h e fatty pieces
smoke upon the altar. ?'But the breasts and
the sight leg Aaron waved t o and Pro as R tvnvedl
offering before Jehovah, just as Moses had
commanded.
22 Then Aaron raised his hands toward the
people and blessed2 them' and came down from
rendering the sin offering and the burnt offer" Tknt is, of the infwtines. b "They," MVg; "he: LAXI

kg and the comrnunlon offerings. 89 Finally

Moses and Aaron went into the tent of meeting
and came out and bleascd the people.'
ulE$!!
2ch6:3
Then Jehovah's glory< appearecl to all the
A L e 9.6
xu i4:la people, " and fire' canlc out fmm before Jeh*
X u 16:19
vah and began consu!nfng the burnt offering
:CC~:J
Ce 15:17
and the fatly pieces upon the altar. When all
2Ch;:I
the people got t o see it, they broke out into
shouting* and \vent fnlling upon their faces.
+;Ef;i.$9
~ E 6K2 3
Later on Anran's sons Napdab+and A.bi'Nu26.6i
B S u 3'2
hue took up and brought each one his
.EX 275
Lc16:12 fire holder' and put fiw in them ~ n pfaced
d
in?-16:13
censeo upon it rind bcgan offering illegitimate'
firez berore Jphovah, which h e had not pr+
-EX 309
ESu9:16
SY 16:a scribed ior them.' :A t this a Are c m e out from
*De 12.32
rsu16:35 before Jehovah and consumed them,= so that
L2sa6:7
they died before Jehovah." Then Moses said
c E x l P 2 2 to Aaron: "This js what Jehovah has spoken,
'saying, 'Among tllose n e w to meP Ict mc be
ge%?,l
sanctified md before the fnce of all the people
'g,","&322
1G.2 let me be glorified,"" And A ~ r o n 'kept silent.
4 So Moses called Mishra,el nnd El.za"han,
6 E x 618
the sons of Uzlzi.cl;' Aaron's suncle, and said to
Nu3:19
1ch 6 9
?xua:zc them: "Cone nearm,
carry YOUR b1'0thers~from
'-4~5:6
in front of the sanctuary to outside the camp.""
They accordingly came near and carried them
in their robes t o outside the camp, just as Moses
"NKU
~fi 7 ~ had
~ ; spoken.
f ~
u 5:18
6 S~hsequentlyMoses said t o Aaron and to
c x u J:32 E.le.a'nr3 and Ithfn.mnr tiis other sons: "Do
not let POUR heads go ~zngroomed*and YOU must
*y$s+y:2 not tear YOUR gnrments, that aou may not die
G t e 1 0 : 1 6 and that he may not beconie indignantQagainst
a11 the assembly,'' but YOUR brothers of t h e
-YU 3%
CLe18:2
whole
house" of Israelo ~ t ~ l ldo
l the weeping"
C ~ 11:~
Z+l6:16
U
over the bumlng, n-trict~Jehovah has made hum.

10

LEVITICUS 9 :23-10: 6

And from the entrance of the tent of meeting

YOU must net go out for fear YOU may die,"be- lLe21:12
cause Jehovah's anointin@ oil is upon YOU."* 3NU4:r6
W'NU
1~23
So they did according t o Moses' wordam
.'Ex 28:41
8 And Jehovah proceeded to speak t o Aaron, L@s:=

':eu~4"

saying: "Do not drink wineo4or intoxicating

Iiquor, you and your sons with you, when you ea3&$
come into the tent of meeting, that YOU may
;21
not die. It is a statute to time indefinite for ~LU: ~1:15
POUR generations, lo both in order to make a , ?p;?i1'
distinction between the holy thing and the pro- mt
fane and between t h e unclean thing and the
clean,' and in order to teach* the sons of Is- +L,e,$$;
rael all the regulations that Jehovah has spoken g;; i;;;;
;I& 23:R
to them by means of Moses,"
De 33:10
12 Then Moses spoke to Aaron and to E.le-a'9; ; ; ; j ?
zar and Ithta.mar,his sons that were left: "Take Ma1 2:7
t h e grain offering" that was left ovm from 3ehoZg;;
vah's offerings made by fire and eat it unfer- NU 18:s
rnented near the altar, because it is something
most holy.* I%nd YOU must eat it in a holy * L ~ Z I : Z Z
place, because it is your allowance and the
allowance of your sons from Jehovah's offerings
made by fire, for so I have been commanded.*
a* And You will eat t h e breast of the wave3offer- SLe 14:12
ing3 and the leg of t h e sacredc portion in a clean >EX29:n
place, you and your sons and your daughters3 ;gX;$&
with you, because they have been given as your kz ;;;:
allowance and the allowance of your sons from NU 18:11
the communion sacrifices of the sons of Israel.
They will bring the leg of the sacred portionL ALe7 3 4
and the breast of the wave offering along with
the offerings made by fire, of the fatty pieces,
in order to wave the wave offering to and fro
before Jehovah, and it must serve as an allowance to time indefinite4 for you and your sonsloLe3:17

*z

*$ut;;o

with you, just as Jehovah0 has commanded."+

;zo$i:9,
16 And Moses searched thoroughly far the
the sin offeringa and, look! i t had been
up. So he grew indignant5 at E.le.a'zar
and Ith'a.mar, Aaron's sons that were left, saying: l7 "Why did YOU not eat the sin offering in
the holy place,* since It is something most holy
*%;ne4-1:29
iX6
and he has given it to YOU that YOU may answer* for the iniquity of the assembly so as t o
*Eg;f,8
'~18'1
make atonement Ior them before Jehovah?
I s n 53-11
J O 1:zg
~
I-ook!
its blood has not been brought into t h e
2Co 5'21
withinu You should have eaten it
~ , b 4 , 2 sanctuary
~
IPC62 2 :4 ~
without fail in the sanctuary, just as 1 had been
LL"i2G
c ~ m m a n d e d . "I g~At
~ this Aaron spoke to hloses;
"Look! today they have presented their sin
offeringo and their burnt offering before JehoDe12:7
vah, while such things as these began to befall
me; and had I eaten the sin offering today,
would it prove satisfactory in Jehovah's eyes?"
20 When Moses got t o hear that, then it proved
satisfactory in his eyes.
And Jehovah proceeded to speak t o Moses
and Aaron, saying to them: ? "Speak to
@g,"B2;f1 the sons of Israel, saying, 'This is the living
creatureg that YOU may eat out of all the beasts
ere x.13 that are upon the earth:O Every creature that
splits the hoof and forms a cleft in the hoofs
and chewsh the cud among the beasts, that is
"De14:6
what YOU may eat."
4 '"Only this is what Tau must not eat
among the chewers of the cud and the splitters
O J 6:5
~
of the hoof: the camel,' because it is a chewer
of the cud but is no splitter of the hoof. It is
goat of
&I&
Le 9:3
8.15
" " ~ 1 ~burned
: ~

11

"Just ns I hnd been corrrmsnded? SpTgTJ; ''just as the Lord

ordered me," LXS. Bee Leviticus 8 : 31, footnotea. bLiterally,
"brings up; regurgitates."

1
I

361

LEVITICUS 11:17-23

" and the little owl, and the cormorant and the
unclean for YOU? Also the rack badger,*' be- :Ei$$,
'-14:16
long-eased owl,' In and the swann and t h e pelicause it is a chewer of the cud but does not split Pr JO:26
the hoof. It is unclean for YOU, dAlso the
E,B2,:$ cany and the vulture," IUand the stork, the
heron according to its kfnd, and the hoopoe and
149
hare,ba because it is a chewer of the cud hut
OD@ 14:m the bat.' '"very
t v i n g d swarming creature
it does not have the hoof split. It is unclean for
that goes on d l fours is a loathsome thing to
You. Also the pig; because it fs a splitter of
gig,
+De1k19 you,'
the hoof and a former of a cleft in the hoof, but: :;; &y
it itself does not chew the cud, It is unclean
.; 6
21 " "ly this is what you m ~ eat
y of all the
r a ~ e1:21
*EX 10:~ wingedmswarming creatures that go upon all
for YOU, YOUmust not eat any of their flesh ::1 !;:yo
2Ch 7:13
and mu must not touch their dead body. They
PS 10x4 fours, those that hnveq"leaper le.0 above their
Pr 30:27
are unclean for YOU.$
I,, 33:.! feet with which to leap upon the earth. " These
tc 5:,2.
B
l t 3:.1
9 " 'This Is what YOU may eat of everything ~ < ~ ~ : : ~ ~ ,,,,:,
are the ones of them YOU may e ~ of:
t the miF
D
e z r 3 8 gratory locustcz according to i t s kind and the
that b in the waters:@ EYerything that has 3,4Fj'1ji5
1 ~ 2
fins and scales in the waters, in the seasD and
edible locust' after its kind and the cricket acin the stream, those YOU rnay eat." 2o And, '>?
cording ts 1ts kind and the gi%sshopperd"acA
;
Q
:
e ~ ; G ~ ~
12:s
everything in the seas and the streams that h a s I-u2.1..13
cording to Its k h d . v 3 And every other winged
Isa 40:P
no fins and scales, out of every swarming creaswarming crcature that does have four Iegs is a
*Le7:18
ture of the waters and out of every living soul0
loathsome' thing t o sou. " So by these YOU
De 143
that: Is in the waters, they are a lonthsame' "L,O,yi$
would defile yourselvm Everyone touching
thjng for you. Yes, they will become a loaththeir dead bodies will be unclcnn until the eve.someiVhlng to YOU. You must not eat m y of "LU la:15
nu17:1S
cLe 17;la ning?" 25 And everyone carrying any of their
cLe
~ . u14:8
l g : 1 0 dead bodies will !vmshA his garments and h e
their flesh and YOU are t o losthe their dead
Le 15::
body. l2 Everything in the waters that has no ;p::ijimust be unclean until the evening.
Nu 19 10 I
fins and scales is a loathsome thing to YOU." art 3i:%.4
26"'A~foranybeastthatisasplftterafthe
~ 3 5 1a.10
neb
:2
13 " 'And these are what YOU !r.iIE lofithe :i!:zq':
Keb 1o:za hoof but is not a former of a cleft and Is not a
among the flyingz creatures.' They shrruld not
i:.
chewer of the cud, they are unclean for YOU.
9De14:8
be eaten. They ape a loathsome thing: the - t,,,;r k 7
Everyone touching them nlll be unclean.+27 As
eaglec' and t h e ospreydqand the black vulture, .;I/, !A;,
for every creature going upon its paws among
and the red kite and the black kite" according 1~1.30.17
all the livlng creatu~esthat go on all fours, they
1.~1 12:2,)
to its kind,eC l6 and every ravenB aceording t o :Le I ~ , : T I I
+ h l l : m are eunclean to You.' Everyone touching their
Its kind,o l%d the ostrich" and the o w l ~ 9 n d'Ktl:'7:y'i
'dead bodies will be unclean untll the evening.
the gull and the falcon according t o ita kind," " ~ : " , ~ f ~ ~ *g$28 2 a And he who carries their dead bodiesB will
Or,9lnm'an; cony.') b Or, (%ahbit."' 0 6'80ul,Jp
31,API~IA'PRII;
I,SX,
E

!:r7Tp'

,,:,,

,2

l ~ ~ y . c l s Sg,
~ ' ; +taphJska.d Literally, "the brcnkerk?;soltle ltirtd of bilrE
o f plucy. Bee Genesis 1:11, footnot~c.f Liternlly, "thc daughter o f
the dcncrk (hwcl,stonyract of Itrnd)." Sotne u a d ~ i ~ t r ~"u tr l tlnugb.
~~

tcr of rociferntion (or, loud moaning) 't.

"Xipht o~\-l,"LS.XVg.

'"Swan:'

Vg; "pm.pl~-coloredbird," L S X , b '(That have," L X X EyVg. Con~parevelse 23. $'1Vhnt rlocn not [Ihnvo],'' bR.3. a A locust
in the fully developed, ringed s t n ~ r . Or n ~pcciesof looust, COTering the sun and ground for mnltitnde. A kaper, not r flier.

LEVITICUS 11:29-38

LEVITICUS 11:3 9 - 4 6

362

rvash his garments' and he must be unclean u n m .E:3J:$

L@ 15:s
ti1 the evening. They are unclean t o YOU.
LC 11; 2%
29 " 'And this is what is unclean to
among the swarrningcreatures that swam upon
the earth:" the mole rat and the jerba* and :Eiy;f:
X':Lx
the lizwda according to its kind," and the
gccka fanfoot and the large lizard and the nent"
a d the sand lizard and the chame1eon.c Thcse
a r e unclean t o YOU among all the s~valming
creatures. Everyone tot~chingthem in their
death state will be unclean until the e ~ e n i n g . ~ !;:$
32 " ' N o ~ a
tn
~ mirag upon which any of them
should fall in its death state rviII be unclean,
whether it be some wooden vessel or a garrnw~t
0:4
or a skin or sackcloth." Any vesselA of which 'Jon
-LC M : I P
:
some use is made will be put in water and it
must be unclean until the evening and then be
clean. " As for any earthenware vessel inta
~vl?ichany of them should falI, anything that
B:2R
is within it will be unclean and YOU will smash 0Lo
r,c 1,1: 15
L1l'i'
it.O " Any sort of foodc that may he eaten upon
which water may come fmm it will be unclean,
and any drink that may he dnmk in any vessel
~ v i l lbe ~mclean.?%nd everflhing upon which
any of their dead bodies may fa11 will be nnclean." Whether oven or jar stand, it b to be -E!b?u
broken clonn. They are unclean, md they will
13:1
become unclean to YOU. " Only a spring"and a
pit of impounded waters will continue clean,
but anyone touching their dead bodies will he
unclean. 37 And should any of their dead bodies
fall upon any s d h f a plant that is tto be $own,
it is clean. But in case water should be put

=k

'+lrizartl," H ;'fhmrd; (desmt) monitor; (land) cmodile," LA=;

"rmcadile," Tg. b ''Newt: Vg. 'The mole:' LXXVg.
a

I
1
I IP 4

upon seed and any of their dead bodfes had

fnllen upon it, it is unclean t o YOU.
39 " ''No~rrIn case any beast that is yam fur
food should dIe, he who ~ O I F C ~ Eits
S dead body"
tvill be unclcnn until the evening.' *" And be who

cats nny of its dead M y will wash his garments

nnd he must be unclean until the evening, and
h e who cnrries off its dead b ~ d ywill wash".his
,
I ~ I~~:*-I
tc
16:-e
P
garments and he must he unclean until the eveN U :'! '; n lng, I"nd
every stvarming creature that
"bP1:20 swarm^ upon the earth is a loathsome thing-&
"Ge3:14
:.IIC::IT
It MI IS^ not be caten. As for any creature that
8 1 ;c d :Yi
~ O C upon
S
the hell y and any ereahre that goes
.I>,. 7:l'i
I& 1.1 .'I
.r,o
?J on all fours or any grcat number of feet of all
the swnrming creatures that swarm upon the
"
1 3:I
earthno'sou must not eat them, because they are
DL?kl:G
DO n E
n loathsome' thing, '"0
not make uom souls
1'9 50 7
r4l:io
Isnthsome 1vii32 any swarming creature that
l'l,:+
swarme, and YOU must not defile yourselves
],,, nl:,s
rvlth them so that sou acklally get defiled by
1.n
110 ~7
I I : ~ tl.lern,lL* ' T o rI am Jehovah YDVR God,* and you
a~nctilyyourselves and YOU must pmve
;~;1I I ~;;s~ I : I Omust
yourfielves holy," because 1 am holy? So YOU
Of',t, =lI?.J
must not deflle YOUR S O U ~ Swith any swarming
:,
,
~ c~cature
~ that~ creeps
~ upon ;the earth.
~ d8 Far 1
am
Jehovnh*'
who
is
leading
u
w
up out of the
'n
I,C2 .211
' :LJO
31
1nnA
of
Egypt
to
prove
mysdf
God
0 YOU,' and
xu
L ~ $Pls:.;O
:I>
0 ] , p 1'1 2
YOU
must
prove
yortrselves
holy,+
because
I am
L ~:dk.:.
r

*I.(* 11 21
;ql4 19.1 t
Nil 1!1 1lI

,.

tlu

5.1111.19
1 C;fr ''.?

is,; b:.%

GI.,. 13 *,')

hOlV,m
[ 46 " 'This is the IanF3about the beast and the

~ O H hy
- ~ tho ~pintrtlftrhrcw tr* of C. D.Gin3hmg,
t ~ m n n . g ~ ~ i lnvc
l j t ~ thn third letter (rroln) of the lord
Tur "l114ly" wlm~:r(l, to I I I ~ I i~t Enltl1111 O I I ~ ns the uliddle letbrr of the
'I'otnl~ nl* I+arntr,a,.h, n h c ~ w i nthry
~ ra~u~terl
the very letten. The
"61nnll r;ln.;ol.~~k"
on tl~rl a i ~ l l n~argin
t
uf the page of P,-.ICitlel'e
Il~.brr.rvtest r n l l ~ottfrltiu!~to tIijn.

b6n~lly."
AR P

luntly llrhrt-m

flying creaturex and every livingo soula that -Ge 1:Xl

1:21
glides' in the waters and concerning every soul"
thnt swarms upon the earth, in order t o make
a clistinction* between the unclean nnd the clean 'kg
E
and Mween the living creature that la eatable
an(? the living creature that may not be eaten.' " g;~;f:g
And Jehovah went on t o s p e ~ kto Moses,
saying: z "Speak to the sons of Israel,
3:16
saylng, 'In case a woman should conceive seed"
ancl does bear a male, she must be undcan seven
days; as in the days of the impurity' when she L~E;~;P
is menstruating she will be unclean, And on the
1
eight11 day the flesh of his fo17eskjn will be
circum~ised.~'For thirty-three days more shc g y;i
will stay in the Hood of puriflcatian.' She 7
'LU I:=
should not touch any holy thing, nncl she should ~~,Z+zh
16:33
not come into the sanctuaryg until the ft~llillingEL*
-Le 1526
~ L 2.22
U
of the clays of her purification."
5 " 'Now if she should bear a female, then
she must be trnclean fourteen dnysJVJ
as during
her menstruation.' For sixty-slx days more she rL,:;:ja,Q
will stay with the blood of purf fication. a Then
at the fulfilljng of the days of her purification
for a son' or for a daughter she will hring a 'Lu22
young ram in its first year for a burnt offering' ' U k I o
and a male pigeon or a turtIcdoveL for a sin
offering t o the entrance of the tent of meeting Nu E : ~ O
t o the priest. And he must present I t before
Jehovnh and make atonement2 for h e r h n d she :k; i6i16
must be clean from the source of her h1ood.c ,kgL
This Is the law ahout her who bcms either a
d
male or a female. But if she c m n a t afrordc
enough for a sheep, then she must take t i ~ o ,

12

ne;fiz

&I, nsph'esh; LA=, psy,ck?'; am in rpltees 43! 44, and

delirvin 2: 7, b Literally, '4rr.o weeks.'' 0 L'itcrnlly, ''if her l ~ m d
'"Soul.''

ca~luulreach!'

turtledovm or two male pEgeons,r one f a r a

eki;+4
burnt offering and one for n sin ufTering, and
2:;;E
LLIZ:;I
the priest must make atonement' for her and
+Ex 32 30

she must be clean.' "

And Jehovah proceeded t o speak to
h u lrj:aa
nfIoses and Aaron, saying: "In case a
man
should
have develop in the skin of his flesh
@$if;?
P : I
an
eruption
or a scabo or a blotch and it does
.I.:\ 4:G
xu 12.10 develop in the skin of his flesh into the plagiep
then he must be brought t o Aaron
:1T' A4i:1:19 of Eeprosy,&pX
F i 2 " 7":22
the priest or to one of his sons the pri~sts.""
And the ppriest must look at the plngue in the
8 / . / ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~
1.~1 17 1.1 skin of the flesh." i n e n the hair in the p l a ~ ~ e
.P i n
* E z e 4 4 2 3 ha^ turned white and the Rppaarancc of the
plngue is deeper than the skin of his f l ~ s h it
, is
the plague of leprosy. When 'the primt has
looked at it, then he must declare hfm unclean.
' But if the blotch is white in the skin of his
flesh and its appearance is not deeper than the
slcjn and its hair has not turned white, then the
priest must quarantine3 the plague seven days.
2 C h ? h a l ' h d the priest must look at it on the seventh
day, and if in the lay it looks the plague l ~ a s
stopped, the plague has not spread Jn the skin,
"Lolk:U tE~en t h e priest must quarantineA it another
seven days.
6 "And the priest must look at it on the
seventh day the second time, and if the plague
has grown dull and the plague has not spread in
the skin, then the priest must pronounce him
cl~an.It was a scab. And he mwst wash his garments
and be clean."But if the stall has unak~;,l;{5
questionably spread in the skin ~ f t e rhis ay>pearing before the priest for the estabIlshment
I

1 :

LC 4:20

13

1,a L t : i

lp

cz$;E

llodnp this i a mrilicaIly called ITansou'~disrnaa, nnd the nMicted

one i~ rnlled n T l a n ~ c ~ ~ o t ~ e ,

LEVITICUS 13 :a 1 9

367

366

of his purification, then he must appear the

second t h e before the priest,' and the priest ' C e 1 3 : n
mt take a look, and if the scab has spread in
the skirt, the priest must then declare him un01% 4 : ~
clean. It is leprosy.@
Nu 12:lO
9 "In case the plague of leprosy should develop in a man, then he must be brought to the
priest. lo And the priesl? must take a Iook, and 'El,$:
if there is a white enaption in the skin and it has ;!;~ ~ 7 ,
turned t h e hair white and the raw of the living ;
~ 1 1 1.1
5
flesh* is in the eruption, it is chronic leprosy *k!:ii:!

in the skin of his flesh. So t h e priest must de- LE1':2'

clare him unclean. He should not quarantinen
.,c:;ii{,
him, far he is unclean. '= Now if the leprosy
shou~ldunquestionably break out in the skin ~ n d
the leprosy does covw all the skin of the one
with the plague from his head t o his feet to the
full sight of the priest's eyes, l3 when t h e priest
has looked and there the leprosy has covered all
hjs flesh, then he must pronounce the plague
c1ean.a All of it has turned white, It is clean.
l-ut on t h e day the living flesh appems in it
he will be unclean. I V h e n the priest" has seen ADe24:8
the living flesh, then he must declare him unclean. The living fiesh is unclean. It Is Ieprosy ."h 13:g
l" Or in case the living flesh' shouId go back and 'LC13:10
it does ct~anget o white, then he must come to
the priest. And the priest must Iook at him,"
!;l:,
and if the plague has been changecf to white,
then the priest must pronounce the plague
1
c1ean.a It is clean.
"9
18 "As for the flesh, in case a boil* should *Ex
Us 15.28
develop in its skin and it does get healed, la and
in the place of the boil a white eruption has Job :.;
developed or a reddish-white blotch, then he Isn 3 ~ 2 1
a Or, "not contag~us..'~

LEVITICUS 13:2&28

must show himself t o the priest. 20And the

prlest must look,' m d if its appearance I s lower
than the skin and its hair has turned white,
t h ~ nthe priest must declare him unclean. It is
the plngue of leprosy. It has broken out in the
l ~ s i l ." But i t the priest should look at it and,
there now, there is no white hair in it and it is
not deeper than the skin and it Is dull, then the
priest must quarantine' him seven days. =? And
if it dlould ul~mistakablyspread in the skin,
then the primt must declare him unclean. It is
a plaque. " But if i n its place the blotch should

stflnrl, i.t has not spread, it is the inflammation

of the boil, and thc? priest must pronounce him
cle~n.~
24 "Or In case there ~ h b ~ l 'come
d
t o be a
scnr In the sltjn of the flesh from the f i ~ em d
the raw flesh of the scar does became a reddishwhite blotch or a white one, e"then the priest
must look at It, and If the ]lair has been changed
white@in the blotch and its appearance is deeper than the sldn, it is leprosy,' It has broken
out fn the scar, and the priest must dedare him
unclean. It is the plague of leprosy. 3u But if
the priest should look at it and, there now,
thesc Is no white hair in the blotch and it is not
lower than the skin and it is dull, then the
primt must quarantine him seven days. Then
1I1e prfest must look a t him on the seventIl day,
If it should unmistakably spread In the skin,
then the priest' must declare him unclean. It
is the pla~ucof leprosy." "Rut if the blotch
s h ~ u l dstand in Its place, it has nol: spread in
the skin and it is ~ 1 ~ 1 1it, is an eruption of the
scar. So the priest must pronounce him Bean,
hecause it is an inflammation of the scar.

LEVITICUS 13;29-36

358

369

29 "As for a man or a woman, in case a

plague should develop in such one on the head
or on the chin, 30 then the priestDmust see the 3pd2;i7"
plague, and if its appearance is deeper than the
skin and t h e hair is yellow and scwce in it,
then the priest must declare such one unclean.
It is an abnormal falling off of hair." It is
leprosy of the head or of the chin. 31 But in case
the priest shodd see the plague of abnormal
falling off of hair and, look! its appearance is
not deeper than the skin and there is no black
L F J X ~ : ~ ~
hair in it, then t h e priest must quarantinePthe + LC
14:38
plague of abnormal falling off of hair seven &~~i&;;~
days.' And the priest must look at the plague + Li3:4
~
on the seventh day, and if the abnormal falling
off of hair has not spread and no yellatva hair *LeX3:30
has developed in it and the appearance of the
abnormal falling off of hairyis not deeper than XLe14:54
the skin, athen he must have himself shaved,
but he will not have the abnormal falling off of
hair shaved,# and the priest must quarantinea "?$
;$;,
the abnormal falling off of hair seven days "kt+$&
NU 12:15
again.
2 C h 2621
34 "And the priest must look at the ahnorma1
falling off of hair on the seventh day, and if the
abnormal falling off of hair has not s p ~ e a din
the skin and its appearance is not deeper than
the skin, then the priest must pronounce him
clemo and he must wash his garments and be OLe 13:23
clean. 85 But if the abnormal falling off of hair
should unmistakably spread in the skin after
the establishment of his purificationsAaG then c*Le13;27
the priesto must see him and if the abnormal i'$:!it&
falling off of hair has spread in the skin, the k;
priest need not make examination for yellow

:;:,

LEVITICUS 13:3 7 4 7

hair; he is unclean. But if in its look the abnormal falling off of hair has stood and black
hair has grown in it, the abnormal falling off of
hair has been healed. He is clean and the priest
must pronounce him clean.
38 ''As for a man or a woman, in case blotch+"
lSz2 es+ should develop in the skin of their flesh,
white blotches, " then the priest must take a
look and if the blotches in the skin of their flesh
are dull white, it is a harmless eruption, It has
broken out in the skin. He is clean,
40 "As for a man, in case his head should
bald,@it is baldness. He is clean. And i f
aE$:i grow
his head should grow bald up in front,a it is
forehead baldness. He is clean. l a But in case a
reddish-white plague should - develop in the
baldness of the crown or of the forehead, it is
leprosy breaking out in the baldness of his
crown or of his forehead. 4xThen the priest"
xg;et,lg:&
~ u 5 : 1 4 must look at him, and if there is an eruption of
L u 17:14
the reddish-white plague in the baldness of his
crosvn or of his forehead like the appearance of
Ieprasy in the skin of the flesh, **heis a leper.""
2x15:1
He
is unclean. Unclean is what the priest should
2 C h 26:19
declare him. His plague is on his head. As for
the leprous one in whom the plague is, his garments should be torn" and his head should be*g,"&%
~ o l b: m come u n g r ~ o m e dand
, ~ he sI~ouldcover aver the
cLe 10.G
t e 2 l : l o mustachec and call out, 'Unclean, unclean!'*
ALa 415
L,, 17;13 'B All the days that the plague is in him he will
be unclean. He is unclean. He should dwell isoO h 1627
lated. Outside the campQis his dwelling p1ace.O
ONU5:2
47 "As for a garment, in case the plague of
:leprosy should develop in it, whether in a

L",hzGizl

"bald from the extrem;t7 of hir face,"

''lepro~sman,') 0 01, "upper lip."
a Literally,

b Literally,

37l
woolen garment or in a linen garment, " or In
the w a r p or in the woof of the linen and of the
wool, or in a skin or in anything made of skin,"
4"ad the yellowish-grwn or reddish plague has
developed in the garment or in the skin' or In
the IVRI-p or in t h e woof or in any article of
skin, it is the plague of leprosy, ancl it must
Ise shown to the priest. When the priestmhas
seen the plague, then he must quarantlne" the

plague seven days. jl?Vhen he has seen the

plague on the seventh day, t h ~ tthe plague
I~nsspread in the garment or in the tvarp or i r ~
the tvmf* or h the skin for any use for which
the sMn may be made, the plague is malignant'
leprosy. It is unclean. S z And he must burnD the
gnrrn~ntor the warp or the woof in thc ~ ~ oor
ol
i l l t h e linen? or any article of skin in which the
plague may develop, bemuse it is malimnnt
leprosy. It should be burned in the fire.
53 "But if the priest should take a look and,
there now, the plague has not spread In the
garment or in the warpP or in the woof or in
nny article of skin,' s* then the priest must camn~anclthat they should wash that in which t h e
plague is and he must quarantine': it a sec~l~cl
seven days. "'And the priest must loolc nt t h e
plague after it has been washed out, and if t h e
plague has not chmged its Imk and yet the
plngue has not spread, it is unclean. You should
],urn it in the fire. It is a low spot in a tl~reacl11arepatch" on either its underside or its o~rf.sldc.
56 "But if the priest has taken a look and,
there now,the plague is dull after It has been
masI~edout, then he must tear* it ottt of the garment or the skin or the warp or the w ~ a f . ~
" However, if it should still appear in the gar-

LEVITICUS 13158-14 :7

m a t or In the tmrp or In the woof or in any

article of skin, it is brealdng out. You should
D b 1 3 : 5 2 bumz Itn the fire whatever it is in which the
plague is. As for the garment 01' the wsup or
the woof or m y article of slrin that you may
wash, when the plague has disappeared from
them, then t t must be washecVLa second time.
Then it must be clenn.
cLr15:32
59 "This is the lnwa of the plague of leprosy
a ~ 1347
e
in a garment of tvool or of linen,+or in the warp
+EXB:~
or in the woof, or in any article of skin, in order
Le 13:2
xu E.IO to pmnountle if dean or to declare It unclean."
ZKI 5:Z
2Ch 26:19
And Jehovah conthugd to speak to
G S u 6:Y
Moses, saying: ' "This will become the
*Le1o:rII
Eze 4.223
law of the leper' in the day for ,~tabEishinghis

!:z;

.
I-!?

14

,,,.,,

purification," when he must be brought to the

priest." " And the priest must go forth outside
cn
;
22.4
camp and the priest must look, and if t h e
M::Cis:lVhe
. . ~ 10:s
t
I
:
plague of leprosyo has been cured* in the I e p
Lu 4:ZT
TOUS one, then the priest must ~ j v e
command,
LU 2 2 2
cg:1:3i and hen must talce for purifying himself two
clean birds3" and cedar'' wood nnd coccrts
*?:$+"live
Le12:8
scarletA
matcrial ancl hyssop.@ And the priest
U S u 195
m
s
t
give
command, nnd the one bird must be
L9eb9:19
.3 12.22
XU 19:Is killedt"fn an enrthcnware' vessel over running
Ps 51:':
water.C " As for the living bird," he should take
+Le 1.1:50
Xu 5:Ti
rsLe16:20 it and the cedar \rrood and the coccus scarlet
;y:$::8 material and the hyssop, and he must dip them
and the living bird in the bloocl' of the bird that
31eb ~ . 2 4
was killed over the running water, T h e n he
1Pe 1:2
~ l ; ~ 4 : 6 must spatter" It seven* times upon the one
Le 831
purifying himself from the leprosy and he
L?I~:I~
find he must send
,2L:'fii: must pronounce him
1

LU ?:I4

E;

st*EEe." 313'g; "the?: LXXSnmSy, liit~rnlly,"and he mltvt kill

[he one bird," AT; "and the). must kill Ebr one birol!9LSX~~tnEp.
Literally, '"ring writer."

LEVITICUS 14:8-14
away the living bird over the open
j.kti;;g
8 "And the one purifying himself must wash*
k; E:;
his garments aml shave off all his hair and
?
;
.
;
;
;
bathe' in water and must be clean, and after- .L, 1s 6
ward he may come into the camp. And he rnust
=KURts
dwell outside his tent" swen days.* And it CLa
13:s
must occur on the seventh day that he should ;
;
shave' off all his hair on his head end his chln
,E;:y?r
~ n his
d eyebrows. Yes, he should shave off ~ lhis
l 1.0 1II;R:l
hair and he must wash his garments and batlzc
ii;
his flesh in water. Then he must be clean.
.L* ~ : l
10 "And on the eighth* day he mill take tive - . ~ 1R 5.tL, l d
1:44
sound young ramsb* and one sound female \Ir
i,,13:l~
El-c m1.32
IarnbP in its first year, and three tenths of an ..LC
. 2.7 ! R
e'phah of fine flour" as a grain' offcringbrnalstened with oil' and one lag.- measure of oil, :,k;;;2
1 ' and the priest who pronounces him dean
must present the mandrvho is cleansing himself,
anrl the things, hefore Jehovah at the entrance
of the tent of r n e ~ t i n gd".' ~
the plliest must mCQa:3
take the one young ram and offer it for a guilto ' L ~ l " : Z t
offering' together with the log measure of oil "L,8,5,:2,
and must wave them to and fro as a wavemoffer- ? ~ ~ ? ~ :
ing b~foreJehovah." ="And he must s l ~ u g l ~ t e"E,rY;,1it1
the young ram in the place' where the sin offer;;;
ing' and the burnt offering are regulal.ly
&';..$:?I
~ l a u g h t e r d .in~ a holy place, because, like the Y ~ , ~ : ~ : I o
sin offering, the guiIt offerir~gbelonffs t o the
:,$
1.Lr.
LC 7
2:n: ~
priest. It is something most holymd
14 "And the p ~ i e s tmust take some of the
blood of the guilt offering and the priest must

'z$if7

;:

.e

T~terally,"over the face of the field." LlXSanr nrld llcl+c: 16n

year old." a A liquid measure eclual to shout onc pinl. d Lita-nlly,
"~jiust111~ke
the man atan&" LlternZl;~L'mllerehe trh.ulnrl>. sl1~11ghbre thc , . airering," M; 'Crrhel-~t h y r~gulnrly ~laughtcr tho
m

. LISSam.
. . . off~riring,"

put it upon the tip of the rlgl~tear of t h e one

cleansing himself and upon the thumb of his
right hand and upon the big toe of his right
O~
=:20
fwtpb And the pricst must take some of the
Le 89.3
+Le 1 4 3 0 l o g measure of oil and pour it upon the priest's
left palm. l''And the priest must dip his right
finger into the oil that is upon his left palm
and must spatter some of the oil with his finger
seven times before J e h o ~ a h . ':
' ~And of the rest
of the oil thnt is upon his palm the pricst will
put some upon the tip oi the right ear of the
one cleansing himself and upon the thumb of
his right hand and upon the big toe of his right
aver the blood of tire guilt offering.' " And
sEFjp foot
what js left ovcr of the oil that is upon the
priest's palm he will put upon 'the headrtof the
*
one deansillg himself and the priest rnust make
'xu $2
1 ~ ~ 2 atonement"
8
for him before Jehavah.
ZJo 1:
IJO z;z
19 "Then the priest must render up the sin
nEx 32:30
offering and make atonementn for the one
Le4:m
cleansing 11imselC fimm his impurity and afterward he tvilZ slaughter the burnt oirering. "And
~ e b 2 . 1 7 the priest must offer up the burnt ofrering and
A L e 2:l
LC 14:m
the grain offering. upon the altar and the
xu 15:1
priestdmust makc ~tont>rnent
for him. Then he
tLel~:l~
I

l ~

Eze 4 4 2 3
5 1 8:.1
~

M U S ~be

3Ir 1 : 4

21 ''Howewer, if he Is poor@ and does not

have enough meanstn: then h e must take one
young ram as n guilt0 odcring for a wave offering in order to make atonenlcnt for him and one
tenth of an e'phah of flnc flour moistened with
oil as a grain offering and a log mensure of oil,
? ? and two turtledovesn or two male pigeons,
according as he may have the means, and the

Lu 5:1.r

rT;e,:"9:&

@P'%
; 17:3
$;19

Pr 222
~116:20
HLC 5 : i

Le 12:B

*b:ii:f
k;i5&4

dcm.'

a Literally, "and his hnntI is H Q ~nttninirrg

siona oc-enr in verses 2'1,3CI, 31, 32.

[it]."

Bidlar crtpm-

375

one must serve as a sin offering and the other

n"W:xt

And an the eighth" day

he must bring them for establishing his purification-to the priest at the entrance of the tent rdc 1.1:;
/
1.c t 5 : t 3
of meeting before Jehovah."
Nrt 1; {I
btr Im44
24 "And the priest mtet take the young rFtm r,,, 5:l.l
of the guilt offeringP and the log* measure of ?l::,l:!jl'
oil and the priest must wave them to nnd f a R R .k;: ~ , ~ 1 0
a wave offering before Jehovah.@ "Anrl he n1"x"b:2d
I ,P 7,'IO
must slaughter the young ram of the guilt offep- ; :1 ;?I,
jng and the priest must take some of t.he blood
of the guilt offering and put it upon the tip of
the right ear of the one cleansing himself and
upon the Z h m b of his right hand and upon !he
big toe of his right foot.' 2fl h d thc priest tr.ilI -E: ?$?
pour some of the oil upon the priest's IeEt palm." ;;il;;
" Then the pried must spatter' rvith his right *LOr 4 : ~
finger some of the ail that is upon his left pnlm

as a burnt offering.

23

'2

seven times before Jehovah, "cl

the priest
must put some of the oil that is on his palm
upon the tip of the right ear of the one c l c ~ n s Ing himself and upon the thumb of hfs right
hand and upon the big toe of his right foot over
the place of the blood of the guilt offering.' "~~~~
1.!:17
h r l what is left over of the ail that is on the
priest's palm he r t i l put upon the headbof t h e
one cleansing himself in order t o m ~ k catone- L e 1.1:18
merttb for him before Jehovah.
:Id@
te 1
5 :20
:~ri
3Q "And he must render up the one of the Yi':,rqA8
turtlerloves or of the male pigeons for whlch he 1 . r ~2 : 2
m y have the means,' 3' the one of them for o:- "z;,!:
which he may have the m e m as a sin off cringe
y;?
and the other as a burnt offering' a l ~ n gwith
the grain offering,# and the priest must mnlce Z I , ~ L : I
atonement* for the one cleansing himself before :j' .?I&

"z:?:

5:;r4

Jehovah.

I.L. :.I:
Nu lIj:qT

&e23:10

~ V I T X C U S14:32-42

32 "This h the law" for the one jn whom the

plague of leprosy was who may not have t h e
means when establishing his purification."
33 And Jehovah promeded to speak ta Moses

mdAam,saying: "''"In c n s e ~ o ~ s h ~ ~ l d c o
E2g;f0 into the land or Ca'naan," which I am giving
YOU as a possession,0Pand I do put the plague
ykzy;i;f
Ge13:17 of leprosy in a house of the land of YOUR posGe 17%
N U a 2 2 session; H5 the11 the one to wham the house beDe l?:0
Up 32:49 longs must come and tell the pricst, sayfng,
Jns 131
'Something like a plague has appcnred to me in
.EY
;I=45:7 the hotlse. ' :'I3 Then the pricst must give orders
and they must clear out t h e house before the
priest may came in to see t h e plague, t h a t he
may not declare uncIean every hing that is in
the house; and after that the priest will come
in to see the hottse. When he has seen the
plague, then if thc plague Is in the 1~11sof the
house, with yellowish-green orhreddish depressions, and their appewanceUis lower than the
Lela:m wall surlace,
tltllc priest must now go out of
Le 13 .lz
Le 1a..19 the house to the entrance of t h e house nnd he
'Le13:4
Le 1321 must quarantine' t h e Iiousc seven days.
L~3.7'50
39 "Andthepriestmustreturn~ntheseventh
Xn 12.'5
xh:kTa day and must take a l a o l ~ and
, ~ if the plague
126
Le la:1 has spread in the walls of the house, '"then
the
-LeW:S6
prist must give orders and they rnust tea?
'Nu19:35
out the s t o n e q n which the plague is and
e ~ me m they must throw them outside the cityo into an
~mcleanplace. "And he will b ~ v cthe house
scraped offa all around inside, m d they must
pour the clay mortar that they cut offQutside
t h e city into an u n c l e ~ nplace, And they must
take other stones and insert them in t h e place
a "And they will serape the honsc oB,'%~Y,Sfintn!3ym
&"Cut off," X;
"serapd off," SyTo; nnd LXS(B] o d h "thnt they cut aa".
LPP::~

of the fanner stones, and he= will have different

clay mortar taken and he&must have the house

377

LEVITICUS 14:5%15r6

plastered,
43 "If, though, the plague should return and
.I
it does break out in t h e house after having torn
out the stones and after having cut aRb the
house and plastered it, " then the priest: must
:$$0
come in and take a look, and if the plague has E&ed8t:2J
spread in the house, it is malignant' Icplqosyin "2$?:!i
the house. It 3s unclean. So he must have the
house pulled down with its stones ~ n its
d tlmbers and all the clay mortar of the house and
must have i t carried forth oubide the city to
an unclean place.= 4 8 But whoever comes into *bl4:41
the house any of the days of quarantining' it 'E4,:%:?
will be unclean until the
*; and H * ~ C J,k~;;;-$
ever lies down in the house should wash' his
garments, and whoever eats in the house should h;
I ~ P
z,ip
N U In:?
wash his garments.
'Le 11:26
'I
48 "However, if the prfest should came at all k:
and he does take a look and, there now, the Ky:,;
plague has not spread in the house after having
plastered the house, then the priest must pro- ',bdS5?::$
nounce the house dean, because the plague has "k;
been healed." f e And to purify the house from sin ",.t ?!:;
he must take two birdsA and d a r t wood and xu 1 9 : ~
coccus scarlet+material arid hyssop." Then he ;:!::;:i!
must kill the one bird in an earthenxvarcvessel ; , ~; { j \ ' "
over running water.' 31 And he mu$t take the $;;;.;;$
cedar wood and the hyssopSand the coccus scar- k; yy,,
let material and the live bird and dip them in
~ 2 ; ~
the blood of the bird that was killed and in the 1;;tI'r t:a
running water, and he mwt spatter* it toward 'k:$:l
the house sevenCtimes. b z And he must purify
8,:;: ' ,;;

the house from sin wlth the blood of the birdO

and the running w ~ t e rand the live bird and the
cedar wood and the hysop and the coccus scarlet material, " And he must send the llve Mrd
away outside the city into the open field and
must make atonementb for the ]louse. Then it
m~~stbeclean,
L e B6::
Le
:G
Le 12.8
54 "This is the lawb respecting any plague of
LC 14:N
NU 1525 leprosy and respecting the abnormal falling off
of hair' j3 and respecting the leprosy of the garment and in the house,' " and respecting the
;4,e,i%$
. ~ e 1 3 : 2 eruptfon and the scab and the blotch,' " in order to give instructions when something is unclean and when something is clean.anThis is
*gm1$?g
0 h a - 1 : ~ the law about leprosy."'
And Jehovah continued to speak to
Moses ~ n dAaron, saying: g''Speak to
the sons of Xsrficl, and Y e v must say to them,
'En case any manh should have a mnning discharge* from his genitaI orgRno occur, his disAkz25a;4
2sn3:m charge is unclean. 'And this will become his
u n c l e m e s s by his discharge: Whether his genital orgnnc? has flo~tpedwd t11 a running discf~arge
"eL~I
12
R::3~
or his genital organc is obstructed from his
mnning discharge, It fs his uncleanness.
4 " ' A n y bed upon which the one having a
running discharge may lie down ~ v i l be
l unclean
and any article upon which lle may sit ~ v i l lbe
unclean. "~nd a man who may touch his bed
mN Ue 119:10
3 5 should wash his gnrrnents," nnd he mwE hathe
~ e 7 : 1 4 in ~ v a t e r b n dbe uncleall until the evening.#
IL@145
LG 16.28 fl And whoever sits upon the article upon which
FIeb 8 3 0
the one having a running discharge was sitting
t t ~ ,1l:25
,$a'1:,'5 should wash" Ills garments, and he must bathe

= ~ h s t - i s ,the priest, hnL4.ter haring amaped off," LXXfiyTni

"after having mt or? M.

Libra~~,%thrda~ofthcnn~lanandinthedn~ofbhrelwn.
'.Any man." Liternllr, 5nnn, man," 31SX.Y. * Litfirally,"his &wh."

$2

y,

4:17

15

LEVITICUS 15:7-15

378

in water and be unclean until the evening. ' And

whoever touches the flesh of the one having a
running discharge; should \r*e~shhis garrnlmts, 2,% $;f
and he must bathe in water and be unclean tznti1 the evening." "And
in t h e case of t h e one .-.L;rll~:% I
1-v 17 :I5
who has a running discharge spittingnQpon N~
19:~
someone clean, he must in that case firash his G2:LIjj7;10
grvments and bathe in water and be unclenn
until the evening. * And any saddle' upon which 'Qo 31:84
the one having a running discharge was riding
will he unclean. loAnd anyone ?ouching anything that happens t o be under him will be u11clean until the evening, and he who carrim
them will wash h k garments and he must bathe
1
in water and be unclean until the evening.
" And anyone whom the one having a runninfi
dischatoge5might touch when he has not rinsed *$ :;:::
his hands in water must then w ~ s hhis Gnrments' m d bathe in alate? and be unclean ~111tll.I .ra n : n
The evening.'" " And an earthenwareUvesseI that
;;itJ
the one having a running discharge might touch 2; ,1:2io
should be smashed and any woodenA vessel w,filJ:n
1,r. 1t i 26
TIC^ I ~ : I O
should be rinsed with water.
i: 25
13 " "Noavin case the one hnving a running
discharge: would become clean from his nm- II(~I:~I:I
ning discharge, then he must count for hjmsdf '1!21;;.'!;2
seven* days f o r his purificationc and he must!I:;::;:
w ~ s hhis garments and bathe his flesh in 1mn- ":;l:;:*;q
:I
njng water.' Then he must be clean, " And on p
lt l:.il
the eighth day he shouId take for himself two
turtledoves* or two male pigeons and hc must Uk;i?&~
I
1.r 3 1
come before Jehovah to the entrance of the
tent of meeting and give them to the priest,
l a And the priest must offer them, the one as
hr.lb

* '"pitting."

The verb here is in the infinitive nbeotute and so in-

defllit to as to tinlee

'i:yzn

a sin mering and the other as a burnt offering,*

and the priest must make atonementDf o him

~
before Jehovah concerning his running d i s
h u 2i:13 charge."
tLe152
16 " 'Now in case a man should have an emission
of senreno go Q L I ~from hlm, then he must
'EE4,
bathe all his flelslz In water and be unclean mIT
and any
-oxu31:2fi~ ti1 the
~ evening,'
$
~ And any
~ gnmnent
~
sking upon which the ernlr~sionof semen gets
to be must be washed 1 ~ ~ 1water
th
and be unclean
until tllc evening."'
mE
:
;
p
Le 1715
18 'A5 for a woman w3th whom n man may
cohabit"itEl
nn emlsslon of semeta,"tthepmust
ICO 7:3
iSa21:X
bathe in wnter and be uncIenn until the evening.
"-Le1 5 ~ 7
19 " 'And in case a w o r n ~ n
should
~
he having
a running discharge ;red her rmnliing discharge
in he^ flesh should prove t o be blood,' she shotlld
continue seven dngs In hermmenstrual' impurity'
and anyone touching her will be unclean until
the evening. 'Wncl anything upon which she
may lie d o i n In her mcnstrualn impurity will
be unclean and every thin^: upon which she may
sit will be uncfean.' And anyone touching her
bed should wash hIs garments, and t ~ emust
bathe in water and be uncle~nuntil the eve+ k 1 ~ : 5 n i n g . + " h d anyone touchln~anyarticleupon
which she was sit tin^ s h o ~ ~wash
l d his galments,
and he must bathe in tvater a l ~ dbe unclean until t h e evening.,"'" And if it mas upon the bed
r2c0
t e s7::l6
or upon another article that she IVRS sitting, by
*LG15:10 his touching' it he will br! unclean until the evening. 2 4 And if a man should cohnbll: wit11 her at
all and her menstrual impurity come t o be upon
"Lem:m him," he must then be unclenn seven days and
any bed upon which he might lie down will be
unclean.

0L.e~ e142:
:;m

LEVITICUS 15:25--33

380

25 " 'As for a woman, in case the running

discharge of her blood should be flowing manj
days* when it is not the regular time of her
menstrualE impurity or in case she should have
a flow longer than her menstrual impurity,,all
the days of her unclean m i n g discharge will
prove as in the days of her menstrual impurity.'
bed upon which she
She is unclean. '%y
may lie any of the days of her running discharge will become for her as the bed of her
menstrual impurity,+ and m y article upon
which she may sit will, become unclean like the
uncleanness of her menstrual impurity.+ zT And
anyone touching" them will be unclean and he
must wash his garments and bathe in water
and be unclean until the evei~ing."
28 " 'Horvever, if she has become clean from
her running discharge, then she must count for
herself seven days and afterward she will be
clean." " And on the eighth day she should take
for herself two turtledoves" or two male pigeons
and she must bring them t o the priest at the
entrance of the tent of meeting. ""And the
priest must make the one a sin offering and the
other a burnt offering," and the priest must
make atonementA for her before Jehovah concerning her unclean running discharge.
31 " 'So YOU must keep the sons of Israel
separate from their uncleanness, that they may
not die in their uncleanness for their defiling
of my tabernacle: which is in their midst.'
32 " 'This is the law9 about the man having a
running dischargee and the man from whom an
emission of semen" may go out so that lie becomes unclean by it, =%nd the menstmatine
woman in her uncleanness and anyone who has

382.
* t e 15:25

LEVITICUS 16:1-7

a flow of his m n i n g discharge,* whether a male

or a female, and whether a man who cohabits
with an unclean woman.' "
And Jehovah proceeded to speak to
Moses after the death of Aaron's two
sons f o r their approachinga before Jehovah so
that they died.D And Jehovah proceeded to say
to Moses: O "Speak t o Aarono your brother, that
he should not at all times' come into the sanetuary inside t h e cur-tain,O in front of the coverb
which is upon the Ark,3 that he may not die,'
because in a cloudm I shall appear over the

16

*f;!:$

Heb 9

3:31
oxu 9 2 5
Heb
EX 40:21
9:3

OXu

Neb 10:19
COVer.b~
+Le 8:35
Ku4:19
3 ('With

the following Aaron should come into the sanchary," with a young buIlC for a sin"
offering' and a ramG for a burnt0 o f f e ~ i n g . ~
He should gut on the holy h e n o robeAand the
:E:;4:27 linen drawerso should come upon his flesh and
he should gird himself with the linen sash' and
;
himself with the linen turban,* They are
Dig wrap
+EY 30:28
holy
garments.'
So he must bathe his flesh in
&Ex 2s 1
watern
and put them on.
"EXz8:z
*Ex 30m20
Heb 10~22 5 "And from the assembly' of the sons of
* 5 e 4:14
Israel he should take two male kids of the
r;eb;,n
O Z u 31:20 goatsG f o r a sin offeringT and one ram for a
Dku29:11
burnt off wing."
":!,
6"AndAaronmustpresentthebulIofthe
sin offering, which is for himself,O and he must
+Le 9:7
make atonement' in behalf of hirnselP and his
@H@b
5.5
Heb +a7 house.'
"Ex 30:30
7 "And he must take the h a goatsd and
ps 15:19
make them stand" before Jehovah at the enl';::;$'
= "For their appmuching," 3ISam; "for their presenting strange
@EX
40.34

0x116 : l l

"EX%:22
C L 23:18
~
cru 2 ~ , 3
olsa 2:18

$R

GLe 26:46
-Le 18:N
Nu 5:3
Nu 19:13
Nu 19:20
Eze 531
eLe l?:Z
"Le 1516
"Le 12:2
Le 1539

(illegitimate) fire," LXYSyTg, See Levitlcns 10 : 1;Numbers 3 : 4.

Or, ''mercy seat; propitiatory? LXIVg. Literally, " a bull, a, son
of the herd." Or, "two male kids." As at vrrse 5.
b

"

LEVITICUS 16:8-15

382

383

LEVITICUS 16: 16-22

aa@b*B blood," and he must spatter it toward the

trance of the tent of meeting. k n d Aaron must
covera and before the cover.
draw lots' over the two goats,& the one Tot for *pm%+
@&1%=
16 "AntPhemustmakeatonernent3'forthe
1s" 1 1 ~ ~ 1
Jehovah and the other lot: for A . z a ' z ~ l %And
.~
*Ex
2
9
%
Ar. I.:!,
LR
8:13
sanctuary
concerningVhc wlcleannesses of the
A m n must present the goat over which the
;;;;;vi;? 1
sons of Israel" and conccrningb their transgreslot' came up for Jehwah and he must make it :,I;~,;!,;Q
v M a l d : l g sionso in all their sins, and that is the way he
a sin offering." I0BuZ the goat over whkh the :c-o'f;;~
should do for the tent of meeting, which is relot came up f o r A.zaFzelbshould be stood alive !:':2':i2G
siding witli them in the miclst of their unbefore Jehovah to make atonemento for it so as ,;;I!',$!;
w e b 9:23 cleanne~ses.~
to send' It away for A.zafzelinto the wilderness? 'Nu 1:Jg
17 " n t ~ dno other rnmb should happen t o be
11 "Then Aaron must present the hull of the
i
n
the tent oP meeting from when he goes in to
sin offering, which is for him self,^ ,md mnke Rn
make atonement in the sanctuary untll he
atonement in behalf of himself and his house,
4
comes out,- rtncl hc must mdcc ntonernentz in
and he must slaughter t h e bull. of the sin offer- :k gg
behalf of hIrnsel1 and in bel~nli'of his horlse m d
ing, which is for h h ~ e K . ~
I,C :SI:I
P
I
,
:
;
'
I
1b:Is
in behall' of the entire congregation3 of Israel.'
12 "And he must take the fire holder' full of 59
rieb:r:d
+
18 "Then he must come out to the altar,'
charcoals of fire from off the altar" k f o r e '"'
14. 1 5
Le l6:12
10 which is bcllore Jehovah, end make atonement$
Jehovah and the hallows of 'both his hands full 'ij; 3!,;:;
for it, and he nlusl talce some nE ille bull's Iiood
of fine perfumed incense" and he must Rring
,,
Heb 9:22 .and some of the goat" blood and put it upon
them inside t h e c ~ r t a i n '. W
~ e must now put . N U 1 4
*Eze 4.3.20
lIi:7
*Ex 2 ~ x 8,the horns of t l ~ e~ l t a rouncl
r
about.* '!' I-Ie must
the incense3 upon the fire before JehovahQnnd .-NU
: I#:a 2:) :a1
Le 8:15
ofc the blood upon it with his
the cloud of the incense must overspread the
Le 16.16 also spatter s o i ~ ~
L* h.11
k g e r seven times ~ n clcalrse
d
It" and sanctify3
Ark caver,O which is upon the Testimony,"?that "Lo'L:'S
rill :+:?5
it
from
the
ut~clcanuesses
of
the
sons of Israel.
Ize may not die.
'ISa
$
;iIJ"::;O
tlch ,I 7
5.7:4
14 "And he must take some of the hll's
20
"When
he
has
finished
making
atonement"
P.0 15.3
blood" and spatter it with his finger in front +f;:;;;;'~
t r t . ~ ,12125
fur
the
sanctuary
and
tile
tent'
of
meeting
and
E
I EX
l e 224::O
;:s
oT the covelul' eastward and he will spatter some
L 1:
the
altar,"
then
he
must
present
tile
Live
goatA
+Le 26:JO
of the blood with his finger seven times before '!-,';i!;?t,
And Aaron must lny tmth his hands: upon the
se 1:s
I
]<,I,
5:.-i
the cover."
$i$ head of the littc goat and confess:- over it all
I IVIl :I,';
15 "Next he must slaughter the goat of the :;!;:t:,:;:~
FIpa 3,
3:
5,
, the iniquities" of r hc sons of Isrncl and all, their
z31t4:1
LU 4:1
sin oflering, tvhich is for the people,'" and he nr.,,i;i::i
transgressjons in a11 fiwir sins nnd he must put
must bring its blood inside the curtain" and do ik!; ?;:?
o s u 6:g
them
upon the heado aP the goals and send it
~ V 7.8
U
wit11 its blood the same as he did with the bull's
~ i s a ~ j i : 1 2away by the Blanc12 of a pendy man into the
Heb 928
wilderness.*
And t h e goat must carry up011
1 ~ ~ 2
. ~
Or, "t :\-I) male kids." "-4.en'zel," 3fSn111; "thr nne ~ n r s ; l inlvny
i~~
'itself
their
inicplties'"iazto
a desert land,"
( n ~ e r t i n g )evil? LLT; "the emisaery gont (tlw ~rbnpr.gont)," J'K;
" ~ , l ~ ~ : ~
~

,:,

-I

Ez&:S,

Ez

,,,

"'%n.m.c,.ilt (the struxg oar againat God ) ,lafip. I,S .I( A D ) nd(1.i :
"nnd for his h c u ~ ~d'CGpon
''
thc propitirrtorp," L S S ; "lnmnr11 ttic

prupitintory?" Tg.

a l b U p o the
~ pmpitinto~y,'~
LXX; " o r w ngninrt (oppucit~) the
oracle," Tg. b Or, '.frou." Or, *'enrtbling)' Uebrcw, n.dnm

and he must send the goat away into the

wilderness,"
23 "Amon must now come fnto the tent of
meeting and strip off the linen garments3 that
h e put on when he went into the sanctuary,
and he must lay them down there.& v 4 And he
must bathe his flesh in watero jn a hoIy plnce
and put on his garments* and come o r ~ tand
render up his burnt offering9and the peoplc's
burnt offering and make atonement in his own
behalf and in behalf of the people.a* zu And he
will make the fat of the sin offering smoke upon
t h e altar.'
26 "As for the one

who sent the goat anoay

for A.za'zel," he should tx7ashhis garments and
he must bathe his flesh in waterAand after that
he may come into t h e camp.
27 "However, he will have the bull of the sin
offering and the goat of the sin offering, the
blood of both of which was brought in t o make
atoncrnent in the sanctuary, taken forth outside t h e camp: and they must burn thelr skins
and their flesh and their dung in the fl1.e.O
'"cl
the one who burned them shouId wash
his garments and he must bathe his flesh in
wrtter and after that he may come fnto the
camp:
24 "'So it must sene as a statute t o time indefinite for YOU people:* In the seventh month
on the tenth of the month* YOU should aCRictw
YOUR
and YOU must not do any work,p*
either the native0 or the temporary9residento
who is residing for a while in YOUR midst. f l T ~ r

" I n his o m b e h a and thnt of his hou$s n ~ i dkhnt af tho peopk ne

well us that of the priests? L-U.

CzF;?

fik51:2

der 33.5

Eze &::a5
Eph 3 2 6

an this day a.tonementUwill be maden for ~ o tov

pronounce you clean. You will be cleanAfrom
all SOUR sins before Jehovah. " LIt is a sabbath4

ofc~~leterest~~foruov,anduoum~sta
YOUR SOUIS.' It is fl statute to time indefinite."
32 '"nd the priest who will be anointedc' and
whose hand will be filled with powerd* to act
31m26 as priest as successarwof 111s intheP must make
*Eu 2017
Le 4:a
an atonement and must put on the linen gar#Ex 29329
ments."
They are 1101y ~ a r r n c n t s .Y:L~And he
L
P
~
c1.e 20:3
* X U ~ O : E must make atonementg for the holy sanctuary,@
'EJ-E:gand for the tent of meeting' and for the altaP
hemillmakeatonement,andforthcpri~tsand
.
22.76 for all the maple of the congregation he will
Le P:15
+ze 16,211 make atonement.' "' And this must serve as a
EYlch 9.23
staZUte3 to time indefinite for YOU in order to
> L E 16.23
. ' ; f ~ ~ $ ~make
~ l atoi~emcntfor t h e sons of Israel concerning
in tllc y ~ a r . " ~ ' '
L ~ ~ ~ all
~ their
: : sins
~ once
~
Hebgm7
Accordingly he did just as Jehovah had cornONu I:k9 mandedq Moses,
And Jehovah went on t o speak to Moses,
saying: "Speak to Aaron and his sons
and all the sons of Israel, and you must say to
them, 'This Is the tiling that Jehovah has commanded, saying:
3 " "'As for any man of the house of IsraeI
who sIaugllters an ox or a young ram or a goat
in t h e camp or who slau~htersit outside the
camp and does not actually bring it to the entrance of thc tent of meetingn t o present it as
an offering to Jehovah before the tabernacle of
~lt2.1.1
Heb 9:13
H C 1
~k2

17

Literally, "on this day he will mnkr! ntonenimt,"' $IL,LT; but the
a

agrees with Sp, b or. "OF srr'tll)ntt~u l ~ ~ ~ v r n n c ea, ''.?Tho

'
will
11c anointed," SyVg; " ~ ~ h o t iito
r s i l l nnoint," 31; "whom they rcill
nnoint," =
.I,.
W PYg.
~ But litrmlly, "wl\o*e l~nndbo will 811 with
~o*\~cI,''
M; "whose Itnnd Itley w ~ l lLlll \vi tli power," L,XY.
A~OBC

LEVITICUS 67:5-10

386

Jehovah, bloodguiltAwill be counted to that man.

;:3
He has shed blood and that man must be cut off xi$^;
from among his people, in order that the s m s
;?
of Israel may bring their sacrifices, which they 2:
N~ 15:30
are sacrificing in the open field,@and they must 'ijz :$?
bring them to Jehovah t o the entrancexof the ~~~~~0
tent of meeting to the priest and they must sacri- 1 ~ ; c 1 ; ~ 2 8
fice these as communiono8sacrifices to Jehovah. 2:; ~ ; 9
%d the priest must sprinkle* the blood upon Le3:l
Jehovah's altar at the entrance of the tent of 3t~iji1
meeting and he: must make the fat smoke"" as a ;5: i:;
3.5
smell of appeasement to Jehovah.* So they "LLe
Le 4.31
should no longer sacrifice their sacrifices0to the ;g;wi7
goat-shaped demonssowith which they are hav- ~ C P I1:l5
,
ing unfaithful intei*~ourse.~
This will serve as a kp&20
statute to t h e indefinite for YOU, throughout 'E,;;i:i5
De 31:16
YOUR generations." '@
Jer 3:1
8 "And you shouId say to them, 'As for any &~,e,2,~;
man of t h e house of Israel or some temporary E ~ n . 2 1
resident who may be residing for a while in
YOUR midst who offers up a burnt offeringx or
:;$
a sacrifice B a n d does not bring it to the en- bg8;:
trance of the tent of meeting t o render it t o
Jehovah, that man must be cut off from his

":;

people."
10 " 'As far m y man of the house of Israel
or some temporary resident who is residing for
a while in Y O ~ Tmidst who eats any sort of
blood,"" I shall certainly set my face against
the soulCn that is eating t h e blood and 1 shall
indeed cut hima off from among hise people.

#GG~
L@13.4
IT14

$;!

kE :$&
yg;f1;;3
m e 19:16
LgL,eg::f6
Jer4':ll

liter all^, "to the goats;' ;\I. Or, "to the sstyrs.1' Vg, "to the demons"; LA=, "to the senseless things." b DP,%re mminitting fornication (rmmorality).>' "Sod." Hebrew, nepk'egh; LA=, psy.chl';
Vg, urwk.nw, d literally, "her," meaning the soltl. e Literally, "her?'
a

m r ~ u i n gtba soul's.

" For
?;:;:::g
De 12-23

the soula of the flesh0 is in the blood,*

and
I
myself
have put it upon the altar0' for
GNU 16:3&
oLe s:w
YOU to make atonement for YOUR sou1sIb
because
Le IF:18
it is the blood' that makes atonement by the
q , ~ ZO:B
t
soul& in it."" ' T h a t is why I have said to the
sons of Israel, "No soulnof YOU should eat blood
2
;
E m 1:7 and no temporary resident" who is residing for
COl 1 :20
a whiIe in YOUR midst should eat blood."'
WE;
&y
13 " 'As for any man of the sons of Israel or
I P 1:2
~
1Jo 1:7
temporary resident who is residing for a
some
R~ 1:s
" E X 12:a
while in YOUR midst who in hunting catches a
wild
.
beast" or a fowl that may be eaten, he must
*Gc
I C 11:19
~
m
that
case pour its blood out" and cover it with
2: gig
Id For the soula of every sort of fleshd
*De
NU '12:16
5:17
ne 1523 is its blood by t h e soul in iLe Consequently I
clE",I g:"7?said to the sons of Israel, 'Yon must not eat the
blood of any sort of flesh, because the soul of
ALe i7:11
every sort of fleshqs its blood," Anyone eating
0::
?!: it will be cut off."Q IbAs for any soula that eats
dead body or something torn by a wild beast,'
+ge
g;;: awhether
a native or a temporary resident, he
must in that case wash his garments and bathe
in water3 and be unclean until the eveningEm
i1 97s Then
he must be clean. ' 3 u t if he will not wash
them and will not bathe his flesh, then he must
*LC7 : l E
answer for his iniquity.' "*
Nu 19:20
And Jehovah continued to speak to
'"EXgj7
202
Moses, saying: "Speak t o the sons of
Le 1r:.;4
Israel,
and you must say t o them, 'I am Jehovah
Mr I Z : ~
YOUR
God.*
The way the land of EgyptDdoes,
oEg;g
'

..,,,:,

18

l l S o ~ ~ lRebrew,
?'
nephresk; LXX) psy.ch6'; Vg, a'ni.w~n, 'rSouls."
I f , ~ e p k ' a s h , in the plural; L X X , ~ S ? J . C J B F ' ~ in the plural. "By t h e
soul in it," the expression "in it1' being added in hurmong with the
&-st pnrt o f this same verse. The preposition h a n d e d "by" is
different from that in the preceding expression "for 1-OUR
-louIsM.
W x , "the son1 o f 31 flesh.'* Litemlly, "by its soul." 31. But
LXXSyVg omit this expression.
8

LEVITICUS 18:4-12

388

in which YOU dwelt, POW must not dojn and the n2,1g;$5
way the land of Canaana does, into which I am p
peh223
;
bringing YOU, YOU must not do," and in their
statutes YOU must not walk. My judicial deci- Le 20:23
sionso YOU should carry out and my statutesf
YOU should keep so as t o walk in them.a I am
Jehovah YOUR God. And you must keep my
statutes and my judicial decisions, which if a
;;$;$
mana will do,%en he must live by means of e L u l : o
*Eref 0 : l l
themab#I am Jehovah.!
Lu 10:25
6 [' 'You must not come near, any man of
you, to any close fleshly relative of his to lay ,E:$;$2

?tryo%

'"A

man." 11, ha-o.dn~n'; an earthling. "01;

"genital organs."

Cp;;;!17
rGe s : n

Eze 22:10

c~~ 19:s

ON, s:i4

",z2$i9

rE~g,;f
~z 2;;:
~ C O

Gzz?;tl

tEX6:aO

aLe ~ : I Q

"lire in them."

Or,

"

you must not lay bare, because she is

"gr$!j13

%; ;6+21
51
E,D2i62f2

'The nakedness of your mother's sister

a bIood
relation of your mother.
;Feg;;
Ge 38 ZG
14 " 'The nalredness of your father's brother
Ede20
LC
: :la
i : l ~you must not lay bare. You must not come near
3 ~e
Le m
a 21.
;~
his wife.v She is your aunt.
f>lr6:17
:! $,$;i4 15 " 'The nakedness of your daughter-in-law
31r 12:19 YOU must not lay b a m m She is your son's wife.
Lu 3:19
YOUmust not lay her nakedness bare.
AL@ PO 14
Ue2i:2d
16 '
I 'The nakedness of your brother's wife
zGn 5:19
29.23 you must not lay bare.y It is your brother's
' U e 3U:15
nakedness.
1Sa 1:6
GLe z0:13
'Le
12 L
17 " "The nakedness of a tvomm" and her
LC 1$:26 daughter you must not lay bare.* The daughter
"Le12:19
L e 1 5 : ~ of
~ her son and the daughter of her daughter
Le 20:18
Eze 18:C you must not take in order to lay her nakedness
Eze 21.10
*E, 2 , ~ :hare.
~ ~ They are cases of blood relationship. It is
Ioose c o n d ~ c t . ~
z$021ii
2Sa11.4
18 " 'And you must not take a woman in
Pr 8;28
a:=
addition t o her sisteroas a rival' to uncover her
1Co 6.9
fIebi3:4 nakedness, that is, besides her during her life-

13

bsig;;z

bare nakedness." I: am Jehovah. The nakednessc of your fathern and the nakedness" of
your mother0 you rnust not lay bare. She is your
mother, You must not lay bare her nakedness.
8 " 'The nakedness of your father's wifeo you
rnust not lay barer It is your father's nakedness.
9 " 'As for t h e nakedness of your sister: t h e
daughterB of your father or the daughter of
your mother, whether born in the same household or born outside it, you must not lay bare
their hakedness,~
10 " 'As for the nakedness of the daughter
of your sona or the daughter of your daughter,
you must not lay bare their nakedness, because
they are your nakedness.
11 '' 'As for the nakedness of the daughter
of your father's w i f e , the offspring of your
father, she being your sister, you must not lay
bare her nakedness.
12 " 'The nakedness of your father's sister
you must not lay bare,t She is the blood relation
of your father.u

LEVITICUS 18:1&22

389

ODe
~e 1IS 31
10

2%

time.
19

"

'Andyou must not come near a woman

the menstruatione of her impurity to h y

y;:7"63:i7during
her nakedness bare."

3er 3 9 : ~
CLc 20.2
11:~
2IT1 23:lO
AC 7:13
1Le 10:12
Le

20 'And you must not give your emission as

semen to the wife of y o u ~associate t o become
unclean by it.'
$,"$6M321 " 'And you must not allow the devotinga'
31a11:12
You must
inIsa 42:8 of any of your offspringb t o M01ech.~
profane1 the name3 of your God that way.
" , ~ ~ $ $ $ not
1
Le m:13. 1 am Jeh0vah.m
J 19 22
~fii
22 " 'And you must not lie with a male the
Ro 1.27
same as you lie with a wornmn It is a detest6:9
,1,T&?k ableo thing.
-a

"

Or, {(allamthe passing [through the Are] ." Or, "me&"

LEVITICUS 19:3-33

23 " 'And you must not give your emission t o

any beast t o become unclean by it, and a woman
should not stand before a beast t o have connec-

tion with it.ar It is a violation of what is natural. 1.z$:+!

I
24 " 'Do not defile yourselves with any of
these things, because with all these things the
nationsa whom I am sending out from before 3LP20:23
YOU have defiled thernse1ves.s 25 Consequently mD"la:la
the Iand is undean,t and I shall bring punish- tNu35:33
ment for its iniquityD upon it and the land will OLe M:17
vomit its inhabitmts ouLU And YOU ya~r-'~;~~$i$
selves must keep my statutes and my judicial
decisions, and YOU rnwt slot do any of all these
I
detestable things, whether a nativeo or a tern- 3Le 24:la
porary resident who is residing for a while in
YOUR midst. *'For all these detestable things
the men of the land who were before YOU have
done, so that the land is u n ~ l e a n 29
. ~Then the 7;%l%i8
land will not vomit YOU out for YOUR defiling it ;
:; :;&
the same way as it will certainly vomit the nationsb out who were before YOU." '"In case anypip
one should do any of all these detestable things, E ~ e s : 1 7
then the soulsCdoing them must be cut off from
among their people.,: Ro But aou must keep YOUR y@i;;bO
obligation t o me not t o carry on any of the
customs of t h e detestablez things that have been ~2:
carried on before You, that YOU may not defile no 18:s
yourselves with them, I am Jehovah YOUR God.' "
And Jehovah spoke further to Moses,
saying: a "Speak t o t h e entire assembly" pU
of the sons of Israel, and you must say to them, E P 1.4
~
1Pe 1:16
i
'YOUshould prove yourselves holygbbecause I ZL
F 2026
Jehovah0 YOUR God am holy.'
-Le
Isa21:~
6:3

19

.e;:;z4

a Or, "to have connection with her." Sp, "that she may he ridden
by it." b "Nations," LL%Sy; "nation," MTg, c '+Soula."31, r w p h f esh, in the plural nnnther; LXX, p8ybclt8: in the plural,

3 " 'YOU should fearmeach one his motheF

and
his father,"* and my sabbaths you shouId
*gh")6:j2
Heb l2:9 keepaxI am Jehovah YOUR God. ' Do not turn
.Ex20.8
and You must
E~ 31.13 yourselves to rvorthless gods,htx
r ~ ~ b & inot
~ make molten gods" for yourselves.' I am
Jehovah YOUR God.
PS 96:3
5 " 'NOW
in case YOU should sacrificeo a m1Co 10:19
ZLe 22:29 munion sacrifice t o J e h ~ v a hYOU
, ~ should sacri?Ex2023
EX 3::4
fice it ta gain approval for yourselves.' On the
De 2::15
day of YOWRsacrifice and directly the next day
-;Le 3 1
'LO fi.21
7 la , it should be eaten, but what is left over till the
3L"9:17
third day shouId be burned in the fireab? If,
though, it should at all be eaten on the third
day, it is a foul thing: It will not be accepted
;p;$i$4
Le22:29 with approval.@ And the oneC eating it will
'Le5:17 answer for his iniquity," because he has proed* a holy thing of Jehovah, and that sould
=Le
Le22:15
21:12 , f
must be cut off from his people.'
'7rfi-E12:s
2:
9 'And when YOU people reap the harvesto
of YOUR Iand, you must not reap the edge of
zEx23:ll your field completely, and the gleaning of your
harvest you must not pick up.: lo AIso you must
Ru2:15 not gather the leftoversAof your vineyard and
4Tg 8:2
:r-e2>:3
you must not pick up the scattered grapes of
cDe 16:3
I L 2>:6
~
your vineyard." For the a i d e d Done and the
Ps 140:11
temporary resident you should leave them."
J~~ 2 : 8
am
Jehovah YOUR God,
%%
11
" 'YCU people must not stealm and YOU
n E e 6.2.
,
m
s
t
not
deceiven and aov must not lie any one
g
p"2;:E
Cot 3:9
to
his
ass0ciate.r
32 And YOU must not swear in
SEX203
tLe 1s.21 my name to a lie,g so that you do profanet the
ZLe 20:s
You must
I ~ 2e 0 ~ 0 name of your God, I am Jehovah?
uPr 29:10
not defraud your fellowOU and you must not
3Nu14:9

Z9D
,::

fi;?:

I'

5;e,",.z"g

L X I S y V g have the order r w m e d : "his fethex and his mother."

Or, "to idols," ZXIVg. a "One," LXXSySanl; "ones: M. * "SodJ'
(eeph'es?b), M; "souls" (psy.ckJ1, in the plural nnmbpr), L X X .

393
rob.? The wages of a hired laborer should not
stay all night with you until m~i*n.ning.~w
14 "'You must not call down evil upon a

~"22:22

deaf man, and before a blindo man you must

not put an obstacle,y and you must be in fear of
your God.ZI am Jehovah.
15 " 'You people must not do injustice in the
judgmenLD You must not treat the lowly with
partiality, and you must not prefer the person
of a great one.+With justice YOU should judge 3

3Le 21:18

z;::

aGe 4218
Le 26 1:

;;~f;~

NU 2221

2.55

oEs 23.3
De 137
ne
1629

your associate.
16 '"You must not go around among your
;:&
people for the sake of slandering.' You m w t not Ytos2;;
L e zo:ls
stand up against your fellow's blood."@I am 3+Ps
15:3
Jehovah.
Pr 1123
IT1 3 2 1
17 " 'You must not hate your brother in your at.7 . 20%
~
heart." You should by all means reprove" your iE12&3
associate, that you may not bear sin along with .k,C$!:;
1.10 2:9
him.
1Jo 3 2 5
18 " 'You must not take vengeance* nor have 'F; ,1?i:5
a grudge" against the sons of your people; and g;
4:n
you must loveo your fellow as yourse1f.l I am 3De
*De 3235
Jehovah.
Ro 3239
Was 5:B
19 " 'You people should keep my statutes: 111t 9343
\lt 19:19
You must not interbreed your domestic ani- 51t
22:39
I
mals of two kinds.You rnust not s o 9 your field ~~s~~~
I
with seeds of tsvo kinds,m and you rnust not put
I
upon yourself a garment of two kinds of thread,
1
nDe 22:11
mixed together."
20 " 'Now in case a man should cohabito with CLe 20'18
a woman and have an ernhsion of semen, when
I'
she is a maidsepvant"esignated
for another o h 2x:m
man, and she has not in any way been redeemed
nor has freedom been given her, punishmenta

Or, "an investigation."

should take place.ar Theyb should not be put t o

death,o because she was not set free.cg 21 So he
CKU 5 5
must bring his guilt3 offering to Jehovah to the
entrance af the tent of meeting, a r a m of guilt
tLe 6:G
0ffering.t "And the priesr rnust malre atoneD L e 2327 ment" for him with the ram of the guilP offer=Xu 6 2 2
ing before Jehovah for his sin that he cornrnitted, and his. sin that he committed must be
0"'" 15:25
forgiVen3 him,u
uLe 6:7
23 " 'And in case YOU people should come inT.te
14:34
ODelgZ5 fo the land" and YOU must plant any tree0 for
mu 1390 food, then YOU must consider its fruitage3 impure as its "foreskin". For three years it will
;?;,
"ti:; continue uncircumcised" for YOU.^ It should not
J e r 6:10 be eaten. 2 4 But in the fourth year all its fruiV
Ae 7:51
will become a holy thing &festal exuItation t o
~
3
!;1
.1
;2
Jehovah2 2"nd
in the fifth year YOU may eat
PT3:9
zDe 12:18
nLeZB:+ its fruit in order t o add its produce to your',LE f;;:3 selves." I am Jehovah YOUR God.
26 "'You must eat nothing d o n g with
;Ac21.2:
blood.+
You must not look for omens' and YOU
*Fs N : 2 i
Ge 445
must
not
practice magic.@
Nu 24:l
*Ex 8:7
27
"
'You
must not cut aouR side locksc short
Dc 18:lO
2~117
17 around,' and you must not destroy the extremity of your beard."
.::8"."2'$
28 " 'And YOU must not make cuts in YOUR
#Le
Jer 21:5
48:37
flesh
*J":P\$i for a deceased soul,d" and YOU must not put
CKU 18 19 tattoo marking upon yourselves. I am Jehovah.
'2:te :::?:
29 " 'Do not profane your daughter@by mak21:'
De z3:i7 ing her a prostitute," in order that the land may
J o s 6:17
J & I I : ~ not commit prostitution and the land actually
J p 16:1
be filled with loose morals.&
~-21:20
CNu 151
m e 15:12
@Ex 2121

GNU
nrDe924:15
: ~

GNU

LEVITICWS 19:21-29

., ,,

Qnm ndds, "for h i ~ r ~ .bL'Theyi'

"
IILXX; "He? Som. Lite~aally,
'tile corner (extremity) of YOUR head." literally, "a soul." That
is, a dead soul. M, aeph'esh; LXX, psy.cRP'. See Leviticus 21 : 11,
footnoteb; h'umbers 6 : 0, footnotea.
a

395

LEVITICUS 20 :3--9

30 " W y sabbaths YOU should keep4 and YOU

bEx 20:8
Ex 31:18
I.Ieb 4:5
+Le 26:2
@Le20:6
De 1851
1Sa B:7
2Ki 215
1 C h 10:13
2Ch 33:6
Isa 8:19

should stand in awe of my sanctuary.' I am

Jehovah.
31 " 'Do not turn yourselves t o t h e spirit
mediums,s"d
do not consult professional
foretellers of events," so as to become unclean
Ga 5 2 0
by them. I am Jehovah YOUR God.
Re 2 1 9
XLe20:27
32 " 'Before gray hair" you should rise up, De 18:11
Ac 1636
and you must have consideration for the person *Fr
11231
Pr 20:!29
of an old man,' and you must be in fear of your 'Job
326
Pr 23:22
God.' I a m Jehovah.
L~ 5.u
5:l
33 " 'And in case a temporary resident should l l1Ti
P e 2:lT
9:14
residemwith you far a while in YOUR land, YOU ONu
1nE.u =:21
239
must not mistreat himam 5mk The temporary resi- Ex
2-1:14
dent who resides for a while with YOU should De
Ma1 3:s
Heb 13:2
become t o YOU Iike a native of mum, and you nEx
12:49
L
must love him as yourself," for YOU became i3ee 19:B
IO:19
temporary residents in the land of EgyptrI am rEx 2?:21
Jehovah YOUR God.
35 " 'You must not commit injustice in judg2553
ing, in measuring, in rveighings er in measuring eDe
P r 20:lO
23:15
1iquids.t S D You shauId prove to have accurate tuDe
P r 11:l
scdes," accurate weights,h an accurate e'phahv Mlc G:ll
VEX16:36
and an accurate hin."' Jehovah rrou~G o d I am,wEx 29:40
who have brought YOU out of the land of Egypt.
aT So YOU must keep dl my statutes and all my
judicial decisions and aow must do them? I am
Jehovah.' "
And Jehovah went on speaking to Moses,
"YOU are to say to t h e sons of
Israel, 'Any man of the sons of Israel, and any
temporary resident who resides far a wkile in

20

a "Spirit mediunm." Agents nsed ~s a veseel of a

QT demon of divination. Em Acts 10 : 16.) L X X ,
Vg, "'nia'gi (a.strologers) b Literally, "'shnes."

."

spirit of p;rthon
"rent;rilagui~ts";

gives any of his offspringa t o Mo'lech,bG

should
be put t o death without fail. The
2Rf 23:lO
PS I O F : ~people
~
of the land should pelt him to death with
Jer 7 3 1
as for me, I shall set my face
~ ~ 7 . 4 3stones." %d
against t h a t mano and I wilI cut him off from
among his people, because he has given some of
,237,7,,,
1Pe 3 1 2 his offspring t o Mo'lech for the purpose of de+Nu1B:20
E Z ~s : 1 ~ filing* my sanctuarp and to profane my holy
CLe X.31
a ~ me2 1 name.Ce " h d if the people of the land should
?Co G : l G
deliberately hide their eyes from that man
when he gives any of his ~ffspringt o Molech
not putting him t o death," then I for my
"yE::;fi2 by
part shall certainly Ax my face against that
manand hisfamlly~andIshallindeedcut
*F&gf,
1Ki k:42 him and all those who have unfaithful inter*Le 17.7
P, 100:39 course along with him iir having unfaithful intercoursed* with Mo'lwk off from among their
$&
:'

"g
giii Esrael, who
ZKI 17:17

j
I

=Le 39:31

n e ~ s ; l l~

m ~ l e .
6 " 'Asfor the soul who fxms himseIf

to the
m:z
spirit
mediumsn
and
the
professional
foretellersA
Ac 16 16
Q L19:s
~
of events so as to have unfaithful intercourse
1Ch 10:13
+EX10:14: with them, I shalI certainly set my face against
s$$;"3i that soule and cut him off from among his
"Le

Le X9,2
Eph 1:4

ES 31':13

people.+
'7 '' 'And YOU must sanctify yourseIves" and
prove yourselves holy," beeamrse I am Jehovah
YOUR GodVX And YOU must keep my statutes
and do them." I am Jehovaho who is sanctifying

1Th 5:23

~ou,*

lSa

"Le 18:C
L U 1:6
;LC 22.8

Eze 20312

ZTh 2:13
cLe 21:2
K E Y 21:17
no 2;:ls

9 " 'In case there should be any man who

calls down evil upon his father and his mother,3n
he should be put t o death without fail. It is his

z%':",O

Or, "seed," b i%io'lech," 31; "the idol ~fo'loch," yg; "a iulcr
[the lulers]," L X S . Literally, "the name of my hohness." d O r
('in committing fornisation.'' e"Sou11." M i wph'esk; L X X , p ~ y :
c h b ; Sy, laapb'shn.
a

,396

LEVITICUS 20 ;10-17

father and his mother upon whom he has called AJas 219
2Sa 1%
down evil. His own blood" is upon him?
1 R i 2:32
"@5:18
10 '"'Now a man who commits adulteryo
with another man's wife is one who commits
4:42
adultery with the wife of his fellow0 man. Heb
should be put to death without fail, the adulterer and the adulteress as we1l.O l1 And a man egg:$
who cohabits with his father's wife has laid g;;$:%
bare the nakedness of his father.' Both of them
.kpl;;sg
should be put to death without fail. Their own n e 27:20
blood is upon them. l2
And where a man co- De 2':a3
habits with his daughter-in-law, both of them
should be put to death without fail,&They have eLels:W
committed a violation of what is natural." Their X L e
own blood is upon them.%
qg
~t 9ZT:25
: ~
13 " 'And where a man Iies with a male the
same as one lies with a woman," both of them zL-Le21:T
have done a detestable3 thing." They should be ~~~~~f~
put to death without fail. Their own blood is ~e~~~~
~g 19:22
upon them.
Ro 1:27
14 " 'And where a man takes a woman and ICO 6:s
Jude 7
her mother, it is loose conduct.o They should ELe 18:n
b m him and them in the fire: in order that
iijz3
loose conducto may not continue in YOUR midst. :g,"2$J
15 " 'And where a man gives his seminal
:19
emission t o a beast,' he should be put t o death -ELe n18:23
without fail and they should kill the beast. D e n : 2 l
'*And where a woman approaches any beast 3Ro
to have a connection with it,Cmyou must kiUa aNU 22:a9
the woman and the beast. They should be put
to death without fail. Their own blood is upon
them.
17 " "d
where a man takes his sister, the
daughter of his fat he^ or the daughter of his
That is, respausibility for his blood,
LA.7iVgSy, Or, "her."
a

MSam; "They,l'

*Le 18:9
De 27:22
2Sa W:12
Eze 2291
DLe 26:39
01%

2:22

*Le 12:2
CNu

23.24

QLe15:24
Ls 18:19
Exe 15:G
Eze =:lo
+Le 1823
eEx 6:TO

Le 18:la
"Le 18:G
*Le 19:s
*Lt IW14
LPs 108:13

Jer 2230
Lu 1.25
ALe 18 16

mother, and he does see her nakedness and she

herself sees his nakedness, it is shame.' So they
must be cut off before the eyes of the sons of
their people. It is the nakedness of his sister
that he has laid bare. He should answer for his
iniquityn3
18 " 'And where a man cohabitsQwith a menstruatine woman and does lay bare her naked~ e s s ,he has exposed her source and she herself
has laid bare the source of her blood.G!So both
of 'them must be cut off from among their
people.

19 " 'And the nakedness of your mother's

sister' and of your father's sistermyou must not
lay bare, because it is his blood relation t h a t
one has exposed." They should answer for their
iniquity." 2%d a man who cohabits with his
uncle's wife has laid bare the nakedness of his
uncle.' They should answer for their sin, They
should die childless." Arid where a man takes
his brother's wife, it is something abhorrent.*
It is the nakedness of his brother that be has

4Le 18:26
Le 1 9 3

Iaid bare. They should becornea childless.

22 " 'New YOU people must keep all my
Ps 119:so
Eze 36:n s t a t u t e s M d all my judicial decisions' and do
'Es 2 1 , l
T)e 4:45
them, that the land t o which I am bringing You
De 5:1
Ps 119:20 to dwell in it may not vomite YOU out. " And
Isa 26.9aLe 18.23 YOU must not walk in the statutes of the naSXu 14:12
tionsbo whom I am sending out from before
xLc18:s
Ls 18:24 YOU," because they have done all these things
De 12:30
Jer 10:2 and I abhor them." " Hence I said t o YOU,* "You
#Le 18 27
De 0:5
for your part will take possession of their
P S 7s:;g
C S u 12'3 grounds and I for my part shall give it to YOU
"'Ex 3:1i
to take possession of it, a land flowing with
Eu 6%
Ps 10545

"Be<,nnie,'' 39; "dte," L X X .

ane Ilebrerr mnnuscript ;

"Sations,"' LXT, Sam, Sy, T g and

31.

LEVITICUS 20:25-21 :5

399

398

mi1P and honey. Jehovah vom God I am, who ONU 13:n
have divided YOU off from the peoples."" 2g So nEg:;6
YOU must make a distinction between the clean
g
beast and the unclean and between the unclean 1Ri &53
fowl and the clean," and YOU must not make aE1"1:i7
YOUR souls loat1lsome0 with the beast and the E$;,4,
fowl and anything that goes creeping on the Q L e l l ; ; ?
g-round that I have divided off for you in declaring them unclean. 2"d
You must prove +Le 18:2
yourselves holy to me,' because I Jehovahn am :$:;
hoIy," aid I am proceeding to divide YOU off E;&l
1Pe 1:16
from the peoples to become mine."
Re 4:8
27 '' "d as far a man or woman h whom xDe'l:S
there should prove to be a mediumistic spirit* or #=,De.;14:2
222s
spirit of prediction,*they should be put to death
!gg
withoutfail. Theyshouldpeltthemtadeathwwi~
*De IS:II
stones. Their own blood is upon them.+''"n
Ac 1G:16
And Jehovah went on t o say to Moses: D~a2:;TG
"Talk to the priests, Aaron's sons, and
you must say to them, 'For a deceased soula no
",~!~
one may defile himself among his people.* But AF~;
h-,19:16
f o r a blood relation+of his who is close to him,
f o r his mothere and for his father and for his
son and for his daughter and for his brother
%d for his sister," virginmwho is close t o ggt;$,
him, who has n o t become a man's, for herb he
may defile himself. ' He may not defile himself
for a woman possessed by an ounerc" among his ONU 21:25
people so as t o make himself profane. They

:z2

21

L i t e r n l l ~ ,"for

R, mrul," that is, a dead soul. M, weplfi'suh; S I X ,

psy.rhB', in the plwd n w b e r . See Leriticuz 21: 11, footnotpb;
Numbers (5 : 0, footnotea. "ner,'' 31; "them," L X X . "IIc may
not defile himself for a wonIan possessed hy an onner,'' is a proposed rendering of the text by R.TCittel, as the Hebrew text ia I l e ~ e
esidently corrupt, ~ n the
d oligiilal of the verse cannot be recovered.
L,U, "He muzt not defile hinlself ~uddenly.'~
Tg, "He must: not defile hi~n~celf
for a prince [of his people]
.j'

LEVITICUS 21 :6-l!2

should not produce baldness upon their heads,"

and the extremity of their beard they should
E~~:;I not shave; and on their flesh they should not
xLe 18:27 make an incision.* They should prove themselves holy ta their God* and they should not
profaneo the name of their God, because they
Ex 29:44
are those presenting Jehovah's offerings made
Le103
~ z r
by fire, the bread of their God) and they must
=LC18:Zt
bTall:12 prove themselves holy.a0 ' A prostitute' or a
they should not take," and a
? ~ ~ violated
~ ~ ~ woman3
f 3
woman
divorced3
from her husbandm they
2 ; should not take,*because
h*a11:7
he Is holy t o his God.
CIsu 5_2:11
cLe a.10 So you must sanctifp him,# because he is one
-Le19:29
presenting the bread of your God. He should
m:;i22
prove to be holy to you, because I Jehovaha who
"De 2a:1
am
sanctifying YOU am hoIy.*
$E2,
x,2;z$
Lf: 20:7
9 'NOW in case the daughter of a priest
Isa43,25
should make herself profane by committing
'Ge38:as
prostitution,3 it is her father that she is pro*h%14
faning. She should be burned in t h e fire."
10 " 'And as for the chief priest of his broth4Exm:ag ers upon whose head the anointing oil would
LC 8:12
LC 10:T
be poured4 and whose hand was filled with powNu 8 : 2 5
'Le 8.33
er' to wear the garments,&he should not let his
?EX 25:2
head go ungroorned" and he should not tear his
Le 8.7
garments." l1 And he should not come to any
i?z4
CI.'u6:6
deada sou1.b' For his father and his mother he
*Xu 6:7
Nu
may not defile himself. l2 He should also not go
"LeIO:7
out from the sanctuary" and not profane the
sanctuary of his God, because the sign of dedithe anointing oil of his God,* is upon
akf;t;8cation,
him. I a m Jehovah.
1saa;lz
Eze G : 2 0

#"L"::t$

.e$?2G,

18Holy;7LXXSamVgSy ; l'something Iloly," A1,

"Dead sod,"

or, '6soul of one dead." M has the plural of nePktasla with meih

("dead") ; LXX, psy.chb, vith the perfect participle of "deceaaing": "deceased soul'); Sy, "soul of one dead"; Vg,."dead one."

+z

13 " 'And for his part, he shouId take a

gjy
woman In her virginity.+ As for R widoiv or a ,g;=gl
divorced woman and one v!olated, a prostitute,"
pg
none of these may he take, but he should take ~g
~ ~ 2 . ~
a virgin from his people as a wife. And he ir1"1:A7 11
should not profane- his seed&among his people," ,g,1,6:;,
because1 am Jehovah who is sanctifying him.' "" Efl'r
16 And Jehovah continued to spaalc to Moses,
saying: "Speak t o Aaron, saying, 'No man of ;; zj!;
your seed throughout their generations in
whorn there proves to h a defecth may come 4$$i1
neme to present the bread of his God.' I8 In case
there is any man in whom there is a defect, he +Le3.11
may not come near: a man blindomor lame or zEep$J&
with his nose slit or with one member too long,bX-Le22.23
l o or a man jn whom these proves to be a fracture of the foot or a kacture of the hand, '@or
hunchback or thine or diseased in his eyes or
scabby o r having ringworms or having his testicles broken.' Any man of the seed of Aaron
;
:
Q
the priest in whorn them is a defect' rnny not *Le 2:za
approach to present Jehovah's offrings made
by fire." These is a defect In him. I-Ie may not s L R ~ Q
*1
appttcraehto present the bread of his God." ' W e
i2;F
may cat the bread of his God from the most 5 ;;;;
I
18.9
holy t h j n g s k d from the holy things.' 2B How- 'Lriu
e =:la
I
ever, he may not come in near the erirtRine and 5g; g y
he may not approach the altar,' because there is .EX 35
a defect in him, and he should not profane m y
sanctuary," for1 am Jehovah who is sanctifying **ma:41
them,' ""
i
24 Accordingly Moses spoke to Aaron and
his sons and all the sons of Israel.

nF;ps?F2

:z

OF, "oflqrin~;' b Or, "with

4'd~mrf
ed ; cons~imptire ( P) ,"

S U ~ Y I ~ U O Q S member."

Or,

Moses,
to Aaron ~ n his
d sons,
22theysaying:Jehovah themselves
separate from
And

spoke further to
"'"Speak
that
mRy keep
the holy thlnm of the sons of Xsme13 and not
gg
Le 1 9 : ~
mu 5 : 8 profaneJ my holyo name in t h e thlngs they are
sanctifying to me.*1 am Jehovah. Say to them,
,ag:;:$
De 1 5 : ~ 'Throughaut YOUR generations any man of all
YOUR ofispringn who comes near t o the holy
things, which the sons of Israel will sanctify to
'Le7:26
Jebovah, whjle his uncleanness0 is upon him,
that soulh must be a t off fitom More me. I
am Jchovah. 90man of Aaron's offsprinp
CsU":3
when
he is leprous5' or has a runnlng discharge*
+Lo 13:2
D vI. 2~ may eat of the holy thingsE until he hemmes
zLe 2:3
XLe14:2
clean,' neitIler he who touches myone unclean
Le 15:13
by a d w a s e d soulCRor a mati from whom there
B2.e 2::1
XU rg:n
19:ll
gats out a seminal emission,' nor a man who
'Ce
touches any warming thing that Is unclean for
ukE:
:;.?i himJor touches a man who is unclean for him
A t e 15:7 as respects m y uncleanness of hisaA
T h e aoulb
Le 15.19
1 1 2 who touches any such must be unclean until the
1 119:i
213
~ ~
evening' and may not eat any of the holy things,
but 11e must bathe his flesh in trrater.' When
'yu2":U
the sun13has set, then he must be clean and
afterward he may eat some of the holy things,
because it I s his breadmmB H eshould also not
Nu 1 ~ 1 1 cat any dead body or anything torn by wild
"Ex2k31
L ~ I T : I ~beasts so as to become unclean hy it."
am
De 1-1:21
e g u 3 2 3 Jellovah."
9 '' 'SOthey must keep their oblfgatfsn to me,
BEx 28:IW
C E ~~~~a that they may not carry sin because of itp and
have t o die3 for it' because they were profan'

Ek

A!l;:

Or, ldseeh'i b SOU!." 31, rrcj)k'rsh;

X S X , psy,c1r~', Literally, '%y

n sonl." Here n dead ~ o u l .Vp, morttr*o (kcsomeonedcntl"); 31,

~rfipTf'esk.L-ZT rmrls here: "he who towhes Any unclennneg~of
n soul [ p s y . c l f ~ .'j]t

am Jehovah who is sanctifying them.

10 I' 'And no strangeraQ at all may eat any- E
g&P&
thing holyanNo settlerzwith a priest nor a hired y ~ : ; ;
laborer may eat anything holy, " But in case a ~ : 1t 2 : ~
25:3a
priest should purchase a soul," he is a purchase zLe
Le 25:43
with his money;'" he as such may eat of it. As 3$: 3
3i5
17:13
for slaves borne in his house, they as such may
eat of his breadso
dnA"'
in case the daughter of O N U l8:I1
a priest should become a man's who is a stranger,a she as such may not eat of the contribution of the holy things. l 3 But in case the daughter of a priest should become a widow or divsrcedo when she has no offspring and she must ONU 30:9
return to her father's house as in her girlhood,' +Ge38:*r
she may eat some of her father's byead: but no
strangera at all may feed on it,
14 " 'Now in case a man should eat a holy
thing by mistake,@*
then he must add the fifth" ?F:$j&E
of it t o it and must give the holy thing t o the
priest. I 3 0 they should not profane* the holy *LelY:8
things of the sons of Israel, which they may
contribute t o Jehovah.' l e And they must bring agel&E
them as t h e punishment of guiltiness because of
their eating their holy things," f o r I am Jehovah *b7:18
who is sanctifying them.' "
17 And Jehovah continued t a speak t o Moses,,
saying: "Speak t o Aaron and his sons and all6;:7"+2;
the sons of Israel, and you must say to them, k;;;;~
'As for any rnan of the house of IsraeI or some pS 5 6 9 2
temporary resident in IsraelF who presents his
offerinp as respects any of their vows:- or any ~ ~
of their voluntary offering^,^ which they may @;;g::;
present to Jehovah for a burnt offering, l V to
ing it. I

I
I

'peg+:!3

, ,,:,,

That is, s non-Aaronite, a Inan not of the f n m i l ~of Amorl.

b''Sou1." M I taspk'esb; L,LT, ps~y.eWdP. "Slaves born," LAZYSamSy ; "a slave born," M T g .
a

gain approval"for YOU it must be sound," a male

among the herd, among the young rams or
among the goats, 20 Anything in which there is
15:21 a defect YOU must not present,* because it will
De 172
1:s not serve t o gain approval for YOU.
IIcb 9,14
21 " 'And in case a man should present a
0- 3:1
communion
sacrificeDt o Jehovah in order to pay
LGc 25.20
Ge35:3
a vowh or as a voluntary offering, it shouId
hu 198
~ e 2 ; : 2 1 prove to be a sound one among the herd or the
PS 50.14
flock in order to gain approval. No defect at all
3Le 21:18 should prove to be in it. " No case of blindnessQ
or fracture ar having a cut or wart or scabbi*re21:20 ness' or ringwof'm, none of these must YOU preto Jehovah, and no offering made by fireB
; $ sent
lml them must you put upon the altar for
Jehovah. 23 As for arm ox or a sheep having a
* L e a l : l s member toe long or too short,"ors
may make
i t a voluntary offering, but for a vow it will not
be accepted with approval. 2 4 But one having the
*De-231
m ~testicles' squeezed OP crushed or pulled off or
cut offa YOU must not present to Jehovah, and
in YOUR Iand YOU should not render them up.
?%And
any of all these from the hand of a forOD@ 31:16
jignerc*
u;ov must not present as the bread of
*Nu 15:13
NU 16:rlO YOLT God? because their corruption is in them.
cLe 21:6
r,c 21:21 Theye is a defect in them. They will not be accepted with approvalAof YOU.' "
26 h d Jehovah spoke further to Moses, say6 ; ing:
ar "Should an ox or a young ram or a goat
be born, then it must continue under its mother
"x2a:m seven days,V but fimm the eighth day and for~
; ~ ~
ward it will be accepted with approval as an
offering, an offering made by fire to Jehovah.
Gxufi17
AS for an ox and a sheep,o YOU must not

'g

*Ex125
Le 1:3
JOII s:46

Or, "Or one with the winary pmaage cut off." S.ee Deuteronomy
-73 : 1.
a

I
"I

day it should be eaten,' You must not leave any *LC l ? , I O

X u 15:-10
of it until morning." I am Jehovah.
TJC 1.-:O
-rh .; 1

31 "So YOU must keep my commandments" - t r d 2: ::$I

1?:21
and do them.' I am Jehavah. " And SOU must 1.c 1!1:12
not profane m y holy name,=and I must be sanc- L C 22:.
Am 2 . 7
t i f i d b in the midst of the sons of Israel.* I am LLC
I,,::$
1s:h 5 : :G
Jehovah who is sanctifying ~ o c , :3< the One 3tr
l;!9
1:1,5
bringing you out of t h e Iand of Eg-vpt to prove LC 2":<
LC
51:s
myself God ts YOU: I am Jehovah."
J o h 17;17
1

23

1:?
And Jehovah went on speaking to Moses, * E1CL'cl
X 0!7
1.c
11;Jb
sayhg: "Speak to the sons of Israel, 1.t' 10::<fl
and you mnst say t o them, 'The seasonal festi- :;11 t5:-lL
2,::
14
valse of Jehovah that YOU should proclaim-are ar:::~
7 i e 23:SG

vals :

" 'Six days may work" be done, but on the

*Es3 2 5
Nu 11):10
Jue 1 : l . I
?,Su
113
#Ex In:2D
1,:x 2 0 : 9
IA@ I!J!:4

seventh day is a sabbath of complete rest,"

A v 15!21
holy convention. You mag do no sort of work, *We 1:1::2
56::
It is a sabbath to Jehovah in all places where Isa
Isn 5H:13
~
L
2,j:2!)
P
I-ov dwellbc'
I I L N 23:11L
.'-EX
12:1G
4 " 'These are the seasonal festivalsn of Jeho. su ru:a
2!):12
vah, holy conventions," which YOU should pro. t Nu
S u !).a
claim at their appointedP times: In the first xu
29:18
!I:?
month, on t h e fourteenth day of the month,+ pNu
*ut 1G:l
J
O
B
10
between the two eveningsc is the passoverp t o \ I ! *' !>
> .C ...
lT
+

Exodus 12 : 6. footnotea.

'Il

. h

Jehovah."
!CO :, ;
eE\
12.15
6 " 'And on the fifteenth day of this month suzz:~?
is the festivale of unfermented cakes to Jehavah." Seven days- YOU should eat unfermented'
cakes: = On the first day YOU will have a holy
Or, "a sacrifice of praise." b Or, '*X musf mnCtifp rnysdf." SIT

convention occur.* No sort of laborious work

may YOU do. But YOU m s t present an offering
made by Are t o Jehovah seven days. On the
seventh day there will he a holy convention. No
sort of Eaborious work may s'cu do.' "
1
9 And Jehovah continued to speak to DIoses,
saying: lo "Spealc t o the sons of Israel. and you
must SFIY to them, 'When YOU eventually come
'xu 15:2 into the land that I am giving YOU,' and YOU
have reaped its halvcst, then YOU must bring
Rpr3:0
a
sheafn of the first fruits' of YOLT harvest to
13L@ 9 t:JO
I{:O l.imoo the priest. l 1 And he must wave4 the sheaf=
t1:x 2'1.2 L
to clnd fro before Jehov~tht o gain approvalbfor
1 .I
eldc:::+
LC ar.y YOU. Dimefly the day after the sabbath the
priest should wave it to and fro, '*Andon the
clay of Yawn having the sheaf ivaved t o and fro
*Le I:IO
or; must render up a soul'ld' young ram, in its
first year, for R 1~urntoff @ringt o Jehovah, '"and
B ~ L a:i4
C
ns its graln offering* two tenths of an e'phah of
"e 14:10 Ane flour moistened with oil,' as an offering
N U 215:4
NU
~ : 0 l n ~ d eby fire to Jehovah, a smell of appeaseESU R:IS
ment, and AS Its drlnlc0 bfferhgff a fourth of a
fi:a
hin' of wine.3 And YOU must eat no bread nor
R E X 28:41
nit E:IO romtcd graino nor new grain until this very
JOB l.Q
1
*I:Y
m 2.1 day, until Yam bringing the offering of YOUR
::?:!?;:4 God. It is a statute to time indefinite for POUR
generations in all places tvhere YOU dweLlP
15 '"And YOU must count for yourselves
from the day after the sabbath, from the day
"u 0:m of roun bringing t h e shear of the wavec o$e~ing,se~7ensahbnths.b0Theyshouldprovet~b
(Eg;?
1 :
complete. IE To the day after the seventh sabbath
YOU should count, fifty days,;' md row must

7;i!;!

22:8
slaughter it and Its young one on the one day.+ +Be
tNu 22:20
711,
29 "And in case YOU should sacrHfreeo a *La
r 3 307:29
thanksgiving sacrific* to Jehovah, YOU should ~I'ai r11n.a:.>Gi17
sacrifice it to gain approval f o r YOU. On t h a t -I.@7:15

holy conventions." These are my seasonal festi-

LEVITICUS 23 :8--16

409

Or,

"~'~IPF"

(cq11nIivg 9.3fl

t ~ r r r r h ,"l
) J,SST:Syw

r. 6 ,

~ I I R T ~b
) 'Vwks

Compnr~IrItrtthew 2Y t 1.

(heb'do-

LEVITICUS 23 :25--36

present a new pain5 offering t o Jehovah. Out

of YOUR dwelling places now should bring two
loaves as a wave offering.' Of two tenths of an
e'phah of fine iivur they should prove to be,
They should be b&ed fermented,' as firsts rlpe
fruits" to Jehovah. 16And ~ o t rmust present
along with the loaves seven sound male lambs,'
each a year old, and one young hull and tttto
rams." They should serve as a b t m t offering t o

Jehovah, and their grain offering and their

drink offerings as an offering made by fire, of
a smell of appeasement to Jehovah." lU
And YOU
must render up one kid of the goatsPas a sin
offering and hvo male lambs, each a year old,
as a communion" sacrifice.' 2%d
the priest
must waveE them to and fro along with the
loaves of the first ripe fruits, as a wave offering
before Jehovah, along with the two male lambs,
They should serve as something holy to Seho.
vah for the priest." 21 And YOU must proclaim an
this very day Jehovah's holy conventionx for
yourselves, No sort of laborious work may YOU
do.* It Is a statutec to time indefinite In all YOUR
dwelling places for YOUR generations.
22 " 'And when YOU people reap the harvest
of YOUR land, you must not do completely the
edge of your fieId when yo11 are reaping, and
t h e gleaning of y m r harvest you must not pick
up." You should leave them for the micted one:
and the temporary resident.' T am Jehovah
YOUR

God.' "

23 And Jehovah went on speakjng t o Moses,

saying: " "Speak to the sons of Israel, saying,
'In the seventh month, on the first of the month,
there should occur for YOU a complete rest, a

n1ernorla1~by the trumpet blast," a holy mnventfon.' In No sort of laborious work may YOU do,

bNt15:3B
a s u 10,10
h"~129:l
~ h l2:1:12
t

~ n YOU
d must present an offering made by fire
to Jehovah.' "

I
1

26 And Jehovah spoke further to Moses, saying: " ''FIo~vever,on the tenth of this seventh
~ E Y
@XuB:ll
month is the day of atonementae"A holy conLC 1 1 ; : ~ ~ vention should take place for you, and TOE must
I.@ 25:"
~ L ; ~P. , I I amict YOUR souls"and present an offering made
3 u 2'1::
I.$ :45.13 by Ijrc to Jehovah. " And YOU must do ne sort
of work on this very day, because it is a day of
atonement for You before
n ~ ~ 1 8 : a . i atonement to m ~ k e
Jellovall
YOUR
God.'
ru
For every souln that will
::;;
llcl'??'lo not he aCnictecF on this very day must be cut off
1.10 2.2
1 1 : ~ from his pmp1e:jo " As for any soula that will
C.L;P 17:14
I:.: 1 2 : ~ s do any sort of w o ~ kon this very day, I must
I .a 7:20
deslray thnt souln from among his people."
ln
h1.a 2U:f
*,.3:s:+' YOU must do no sort of workmbIt is a statute
to time indefinite for rom generations in all
~r 3:.1
places where yaw dwell. It is a sabbath of
complete rest for YOU^' and YOU must afflictm
'3l(;::!l YOVR
SOUIS on the ninth of the month jn the evemLe I C ; : R ~
ning, Fmm evening t o evening YOU should ohf1%
i u 3?1:13
?9:7
I

~~~~~

bG::;?z

x r v e YOUR s a b h ~ t h . " ~
33 And Jehovah continued t o speak to R'ioses,
saying: " '"peak to the sons of Israel, saying,
~rsta3:la 'On the fifteenth day of this seventh month is
?:EIlo," 1fi.13 the festival of booths for seven days to Jehuvah: :'"n
the first day fs a holy convention.'
,:.,
No sort of laborious work may YOU do. 9" Seven
,It111 7.2
,:, days YOU sl~ouldpresent an offering made by
fire to Jehovah.' On the ~ i g h t hday there should
.$:f;'$:
CSkl 1L'.*
O?Ch i occur a holy convention' for YOU,= and YOU
~
~
i must
~
~present
:
$ an
~ offering made by flre t o JehoFLO 25:2

..,,

--a

"Snul," 31, glcpk'rdr; 13~!/.rl~i';

Pyhntrpk'sha,

LEVITICUS 23 :37-43

408

vah. It is a solemn assernb1y.a No sort of labor$ous work may YOU do,

37 " 'These are t h e seasannl f e s t l v ~ l sof~ Je- "E,x g;:,"
hovnh thnt you should proclnim, holy conventionsq for presenting an offering made by fire* su3:20
xu B:?
to Jehovah: the burnt offeringq'and the grain + E X P C $41
offering' of the sacrifice and the drink offer- &::;'
ingsn sccarrling to the daily schedule," " besides :$$is
the sabbaths of Jehovah* and besfdes YOUR Iy:e2;':j'fl
giftsc3 and hesjdes all
vow offerings6 and iz; :;,&
besides all rot- voluntary offerjn~s,~
which EY 27.5
YOL- sllould give to Jehovah. sv However, on the %FE;'.E:'I!
25.39
fifteenth day of the seventh month, when YOU -Ex
-A- {I' J 23
have gathered the produce oS thc land, YOU Lg;:,;:f;
s h o ~ ~ lcolrbrate
d
the festival of J~hovahseven 4 % ~ ; ; ; ~
days.'' On the first day is a complete rest and on 20t:s s
the eighth day is a complete rest." And You -EXE Z P23? 1;')
Irr
De 16,:3
must take far yourselves On the Rmt day the =I-e
.
27. 2 ;
fruit of splendid trees, the fronds of palm trees* ,z;,'!ii.
and the b o u g l ~of branchy trees and willows l.;:";,
01 the torrent valley, and YOU must rejoiceu before Jehovah YOUR God seven clays. " And You +E
I s n LIO
Isa FtG:lO
must celebrate it as a festival to Jehovah seven -XU
?
days in the year.' As a statute to time indefinite i 2 ~
!lyo
during YOUR generations, Yew should celebrate
7
it jn the seventh month. la
It is in the booths $; 8,i;
YOU should dwell seven days." All the natives in
1::;:
Israel should dwell in the booths,' " in order G;
ps 7s t
that YOUR ~enerations' may knotv' that it was
In the boothsP t h a t I made the sons of Israel 5.;u2;:s
to dwell when I was bringing them out of the gli.:,"
land of Egypt. f am Jehovah YOYR God.' "
zec
Ezr 1.r:18
J:A

:z~:,~

"s,":

z:l'5F

$$A~ 1 ~ m
asaeln
n hly?' LLT,~x.o'(Ji.ott;thnt is, n festival b co111aon~orntc~
tho exoilus from Egypt. See Dcaturonon~r16:8, foot11utr.~. "Araorifit~g to the dnily sdl~dulr."Litelally, " n t l i i t ~ ~
(wnrk) of n dny on its dar."
a

"

44 Accordingly Moses spoke sf the seasonal

festivals' sf Jehovah t o the sons of Isrnel.
And Jellovsth proceeded to speak to
Moses, saying: ' "Command the sons of
Israel t h ~ they
t
get for you pure, beaten olive3
PxU4:9
oill' for the luminary,P to light ttp the lamp"
constantly.' Wutside the curtaln of the Testimonyo in the tent3 of meeting Aaron should set
*Ex27:20 it in order f r a n ~evening to rnorn!ng before JeE x 39:37
NU 8:z
hovah constantly. It is a statute to tirnc indcf2ch ~;;:ll
iniXe during YOUR generations. Z'poll the lamp
CXU
,,
, ,331
:
,
, stand3 or pure .goldarehe should set the lamps'
Ks 31:8
in order before Jehovah constantly.
2:x R7,17
r r c l ~ . ~ 5 "And you must take fine flour nnd bake it
~ pCr I52-19
a
2I ~ 1 5
up info twelve ring-shaped cakes," Two tenths
of an e'pphah should go t o each rlng-shaped"
zcc
F.Ip1)P.2
4:2
cake. OAnd you must place them In two rows,
,
upon the tableQof pure goldt~
six to the
xu d:8
nlSa 21:4
before
Jchovnh."
And you must put pure
5;t 12:4
x 5 : frankincense2 upon each row, and it must serve
*EA
K~ ~6:19
9 : a as the hrcad for a remembrancer,? an offerjng
ZE; g:E made by Are to Jehovah. W n one sabbath day
after another he should set it In order before
:g;:s
rleb9:2
rxu 10 33 Jehovah constEmtly.fiIt is a covenant: to time
F EX so:16 indefinite mith the sons of Israel. And it must
become Aaron's and his sons',m and they must
LC 2:2
Le
532
g,U;$f4 eat it in a holy place,n because it is something
holy for him from Jehovah" offeringsz
,Isu.1:; most
made
by
Sire, as a regulation to time hdefinite."
1Ch 8:32
zc112:1
1
0
N
0
~
v~sonofanIsraelitervoman,who,
h'e 10~33
n l ~ e ~ : a however,
l
was the son of an Egyptian man,'
lsli
h;r 2%
215 went out into the midst of the sons of Israel,
and the son of the Israelitess and an I~raelite
A:",
3:$
rE*
man began to struggle with each other in the
X u I1?
csu 1:s
camp.O And t h e son of the Israelite woman
+h=:a

I
1I

24

Literelly, "the pure lainl>c;tnnd?' LiternUy, "tho pure tnble."

LEVITICUS 24:l2-39

410

491

;:

began to abuse the NameaOand t o call down evil ' &:T

upon it." So they brought him to M0ses.t In-"~,t; !$&
cidentally his mother's name was She.lo'mith, NU i ~ : 3 3
the daughter of Dib'ri of the tribe of Dmn.'
l a Then t h e y committed him into custodyu till
G;ji;iI
there should be a distinct declaration to them
VEX
NU 27:5
18:~
according to the sayingh of J e h ~ v a h . ~
13 And Jehovah proceeded to speak t o Moses, NU 36:5
saying; "Bring forth the one who called down wLe 13:45
evil to the outside of the camp," and all those y'g 5,$,
who heard him must lay their hand@ upon his
head and the entire assembly must pelt him ;:g
:;
with stones.2 Iq And you should speak to the JOS i:25
sons of Israel, saying, 'In case any man sh0~11dEhT:$'
call down evil upon his God, then he must an- 'h;5,;.,
swer for his sin." I 9 0 the abuser of Jehovah'sD "De 185
name should be put to death without fail. The
entire assernbIy should without fail p2lt him
with stones. The temporary resident the same
as the nativeD should be put to death for his 3*u9;14
*De 511
abusing the Name.c"
mi 21:io
17 "'And in case a man should strike any 2
~
s o d d of mankind" fatally," he should be put to .*Ge 9:6
E x 2152
death without fail.# " And the fatal striker of
3s:31
t h e soulf of a domesfie animal should make ,gt\"I::'91
compensationo fox it, soul for soul.d' And in ?2sn
'EX 21:35
12:s
case a man should cause a defect in his associate, then just as he has done, so it should be

Ipzi;

Nalae," M ; meaning Jehovah, as indicated bp Tcrses 15, 16.

The post-Biblical U F ~of this expression for Jchornll is found in
the JIishnah at l o m a 3, 8 ; 4,1,2; 6, 2. It is heliered the expression
"the Kame" was substituted for "Jehovah" by the S a p h e r b t o
avoid rrhat seemed to then1 a flagr~ntbl~sphemyin saying, "began
to sbuse Jehovah." b Literalip, "mouth." a "The hTme,"Sam ; "a
name," M ; "the name of dehorah," LXXVg. d "Soul." hf, neplz'esh;
L X , psy.chdr; SF, ~,znph'sha. Or, "btdke any man fatally; kill
any man." See Tg. 4LSonl.''
31,nepkresl; By, magh'a'pha,
a "The

done to himn 20 Fracture for fracture, eye for

eye, tooth for tooth, the same sort of defect he
may cause in the man, that is what should be
caused in him.4 And the fatal striker of a
beast0 should make compensation- for it, but the
fatal striker of a man should be put to death.@
22 " "One judicial decision should hold good
for YOU. The temporary resident should prove
to be the same as the native,' because I am Jehovah YOUR God.' "
23 After that Moses spoke to the sons of Israel
and they brought forth the one who had called
down evil t o the outside of the camp and they
pelted him to death with stones.* Thus the sans
of Israd did just as Jehovah had commanded
Moses.
And Jehovah spoke further to Moses in
Mounto Si'nai,@saying: "Speak to the
sons sf Israel, and you must say to them, 'When
YOU eventually come into the land that I am
giving YOU,' then the land must observe a sabbath3 t o Jehovah.'" a Six years you should sox?
~
your
field with seed, and six years you should
prune your vineyard,* and you must gather t h e
land's produce.' Eut in the seventh year there
should occur a sabbath of complete rest for the
land, a sabbath to Jehovah. Your field you must
not sow with seed, and your vineyard you must
not prune. T h e growth from spilled kernels of
your harvest3 you must not reap, and the grapesg
of your unpruned vine you must not gather.'
There should occur a sabbath of complete rest
for the land, "And the sabbath of the land must
serve YOU people for food, for you and your slave
man and your slave3girl and your hired laborer
and the settler with you, those who are residing

25

LEVITICUS 24 :20-25:

LEVITICUS 25 :7-15

4l.2

413

~
temporarily with you? and for your domestic @
animal and for t h e wild b a s t that is in your
land. RLT its produce should serve for eating.
8 ' ' h d you must count for yourself seven
sabbathsa" of years, seven times Even years, .~+a:t6
and the days of the seven sabbathsb of yeam
must amount to forty-nine years for you, " Ancl
you must cause the h r n p e t c " of loud tone to gJo16:c
soundd"in the seventh month on the tenth oC :",Ui$$
the month;* on the d a p of atonement' YOU peo- L?2$:m
2:i:zs
ple should cause the trumpetc t o soundd in all
:$;;:
YOUR land. l0And YOU must sanctifye3 the Af- ?
tieth year and proclaim libertyf*. in the land
to dl its inhabitants. It will become a Jubileec3 1 s t ~ 25
b?:L
for You, and YOU must return each one to his Iqn
IS:~C.>:.I
possession and YOU should return each man to jAY:$?
his family.' " A Jubileer h what that fiftieth k;2$;fl
year will become for YOU, You must not sow 7:gi;:
seed nor reap the land's growth from spilled
;;$:;:;
kernels nor gather the grapes of its unprunecl
2 ~ ~1s : a e
vines." l v o r it is a Jubilee.' It sllould become ,?A'&$
something holy to you. From the field YOU may LE 27:18
*EX 24.11
eat what the land p~oduces.'
Le 2016
13 " 'In this year of the Jubilee YOU should return each one t o his possession.* Notv in case
you s h o ~ ~sell
l d merchandise to your assodate or
be buyingh from your associate's hand, do not
YOU wrong one another.Dl5 Ey the number of the u,$falP!l!
years after t h e Jubilee you should buy from your >I lc 2-2

:.I

L:rj

"Keeks (Rcbt&.mads) ," Pg. b "Weeks (71eb'do.nrnda)," LXX.

C Or, "sko'pfinr.'~ a LiteraPlg-, "to pnm."
Or, "make (or, hold)
snrrred*' Or, "release; manumission [of elwa] ," LXiVg. a "Jubi1ec.l' M, Yo.beP; Fg, btr.bPFe.jrs; LLT, ":.car of ~~elensc?Tlie
Clrnldw Targumist nnd the Jevi-kh doctors trnnslnlc Po.beEt "n
rn~n". At Exadns 19 :13 we render it "rnm's horn''. "Be buying."
T ~ Rehrew
P
rerh here is in tbc infinitive absolute. Compare Exoslug 20 : 8, footnote1.

~
~ by the number of the years of the
assmlate;
crops he should sell to you.A lG I n proportion t o
the great number of years he should increase its
OLC a7:m purallase value' and in proportion to the fewness
of years he should reduce its purchase value, because the number of the cl*opsis what he is sell4 e 10:ld ing to you. " And YOU must not wong anyone
Pr 1*\:3t
his associate,*and you must be in fear%of your
I'r 2
:
,
1
'
?
J er , pb
God,
because I am Jehoval-I voun God. lg So YOU
I TI1 t .fl
must
carry out my statutes; and YOU should keep
CSLI P(I
l5:15
11
my judicial decisiolls and you must carry them
f ;,e
p 2,:
.ldtP
12
I;\ 2 , > . 1 ~ out. Then YOU will certainly dtvell an the land in
1 1 ~ l?
security." '"nd
the Eatld mill indeed give its
IS^ 5:h
j2.24
KP
iruitage' and YOU ~ 1 1 3certainly eat t o satisfac1's l!l:!l
F r 1:7
tion and dwell in security an it,'
Au 0:31
28 " "Butin case YOU should say, "What a r e
m RO
~ r !20
11 520
rjp1': 10 we going t o cat in the seventh year seeing that
1'a 4:s
1%' I::$?.
w e may not sow seed or gather our crops?"'
XI'S U7,Q
that case I shall certainly command my
I:/C :1.1;27 ?"II
J ~rc2:Z I
blessing
for YOU in the sixth year and it must
'1641 11 rr
a51t
l-;r;n0:23
3.1 25 yield Its crop for three years,* 33 And you must
at)^ ?s:#
sow sccd the eighth year and YOU must eat from
>1:1l "1 143
P ~ [ : L I ' J ~ ~ the
R
old crop until the ninth yeara4 UntiI the
Ivn 3;:RO
c ~ m i n gof its crop YOU will eat the old.
~ I I X~I ' ;I!
1, I~ 4H114
41Irh 3'2:43
23 " '50 the Iand should not be sold in per"'I1 7 20
petuity,' because the lmd is mine.18 For YOU
1's ".::l
l m qH!,:I
1511
N:R
are temporaryDresidents and settlers from my
FNu
.GP 4*).I9
7 '1
s t ~ n d p o i n t , ?'And
"
in all the land of YOUR p s 1'. h 2q.16 session YOU should grant t o the Imd the right of
1 IPI) I l:19
;

a ~ ma i 8

;&;.b',;e;

LEVITICUS 25 116-26

1Pc 2 11
2q.51

ULV

CY B:51
*RU 2:m
F , Z ~ 11:.11

2 cr 32 7

,CO R.D
c1:u 4 . 7

buying back.'
25 " 'In case your brother should grow poor
and has to sell some of his possession, thea a
repurchasef closely related to him must come
to him and buy back what his brother sold.'
?"d
In c ~ s eanyone should prove to have no
repurchases" and his orvn hand does malce gain

LEVITICUS 25127-33

41.4

415
I

and he does find enough f o r its repurchase,

a7 then he must cdculate the years from when
he sold it and he must return what money remains aver t a the man t o whom he made the
Lu
sale and Re must return to his possession."
I
28 " 'But if his hand does not find enough to
give back to hirn,Vhen what he sold must con- , *te
tinue in the hand of its purchaser until the
Jubile year," and it must go out in the Jubilee 82 g
!;
and he must return t o his pr>sse&~n.'
"Isn
1.82i:Xt
.43:1R
2'9 " 'Now in case a man should sell a d~vell- lpcl:.$
ingo house in a .r~alled"city,"then his right of :E: ig"
repurchase must canthue till the year from the OtcaG:m
time of his sale finishes ant; his right of reI
purchaser should contintre a whole year,^ "Eut cLee 23:25
2351
if it should not be bought back b e f o ~ ethe cam- J ~ ~ I ; ; : ~
plete year has come t o the full for him, then
the house t h a t is in the city that has a mall
must stand in perpetuity as the property of its
purchaser during his generations, It should not
go out i~ the Jubilee, However, the houses of
settlements that have no wall about them should
be accounted as part of the field' of the co~m-*JerSZ:B
try. Right of repurchase' should continue for uL* 25:4a
&La 25:10
it and in the JuhiIeeAit should go out.
32 " 'As far cities of the Zevites with the
houses of the cities of their possessionlPt h e rjght 3J","r p$
of repurchase' should continue to time Indefinite *LP2 5 : ~
1 : ~
for the Levites: " And where property of the
Levites is llot bought back,b then the house sold
in the city of his possessionCmust go out in the

1 'a$:?

"12 whole year." Litmallp, Tor days." Conlpare nezt versc. b "Sot
boaght back," T'g; which agrees with t h e eeilsc of Uiis pawage.
But n18m omit ""not" here. 5 .'Honse sold in tI~rcity of his pomts~ i o n l 'in agreement with L X S ; ''sale o f the house nntl the city of
h i p ~ O S S ~ B F I O R , '31.
'

DF 1 ~ : 3
*NU .'!5::!
SU:~~~.:
,111# E 1.4

LEVITICUS 25 :3-5

Jubilee? because the houses of the cities of the

Levites are their possession in the midst of the
sons of Israel: ;* Moreover, the field of pasture
land* of their cities may not be sold,* because it

is a possession to time indefinite for them.

35 '' 'And in case your brother should grow
and so he is Rnanciaily weaka alongside
c,,p 22-T:.s
-LA.
. r : ~ poor3
~
then you m t ~ s sustain
t
him: As a tempoF;+
rary resident" and a settler, he must keep alive
>!r
.on
with you. Do not take internst and usury from
c I'r ,T; :M
I 1
hirnli but you must be in fear of your Godnm
J'4 112-5
and your brother must keep alive with you.
,
1.u I;.?.?
.::
You must not give him your money an inter,,:?,
el:y Y:I,:) egtlrim d you must not give your food out on
I13,[- d1l 0
~ . v1 ~a usury. :'I am Jehovah YOUR God, who brought
IT.: k .a.,..,i YOU out of the Iand of Egypt to give YOU the
Ijr ::''. 1:)
land of Ca'nam,I7 to prove myself YOUR Gud."
n,,n:;
PA ,
1,
5:
5,
39 " 'And in cme your brother should grow
poor alongside you and he has to sell himself
:
to you,"you
rnust not use him as a worker in
IT:X m : a
~ I J rr:n
P
slavish"
service.
*I('H
e should prove to be with
V Y U lfi:41
~ O L I like n hired laborer,o like a settler, He
I
21 : 2
should serve with you till the Jubilee year. " Ee
;?:l,1;
t2 must then go out from you," he and his sons
with him, and he must return to his f m i l y and
he should return t o the possession of his fore\rLem:lb iatilers." " For they are my slavesy whom I
VEXA:ii
~ ~ 1 ' 1 5;31~0u~llt
out of the Iand of Egypt. They must
i * 2L*:i5
~
rto r, 12
not sell themselves the way a slave is solcl.
" You must not tread do~vra upon him with
*Ex 1:13
and you must be in fear of your God.'
EY 2*5
~lAsforyourslavemnnandyourslavegirlwho
,
become your-s from the nations that are rourld
*Ids25.17
about sou people, from them ~ o l may
:
buy a
aIso from
"t!:iy slave man and a slave girl."EdnA"'
5115

,,.
I

,,,.

:$;;j$,tz
14:n

'

Tdt~rnllp,"and h i s Itand h ~ tottnwd.)'

s

LEVITICUS 25 :4 6 4 2

416

the sons of the settlei.sa who are residing tern-: :* g;:!

porarily with YOU, from them YOU rnay buy, wu 3 ~ 1 5
and from their families that are with YOU whom
they had born t o them in YOUR land, and they
must become YOUR possession, 4"d
YOU must
pass them on as an inheritance t o YOUR sons
after YOU to inherit as a possession t o timeC in-iN~25:13
definite." You may use them as workers, but oIsald:Z
upon YOUR brothers the sons of Israel, you must
not tread the one upon the other with tyranny.*
g;i:
47 " 'But in case t h e hand of the temporary
residentz or the settler with you should become ";g;g
wealthy and your brother has become poor
alongside him and must sell himself t o the temporary resident o r the settlera' with you, or t o a t h B : 1 0
member of the family of the temporary residentj0 after he has sold himself," the right of e%d5;\;
repurchase will continue in his case.* One of his
brothers may buy him back.* 400r his uncle or L E ~ M
the son of his uncle may buy him back, or any: : * ;i!
blood relative" of his flesh, one of his family, ",R,?$$,
may buy him back.
" Qr if his own hand has become wealthy,
then he must buy himself back.* Ald he must A L e B 2 6
reckon with his purchaser from the year he sold
himself to him till the Jubileeo year, and the ! L e B : l r j
money of his sale must correspond with the number of years: The way workdays of a hired labor- 'LeZ"27
er are reckoned he should continue with himbe3pg;;:
" If there are yet many years, he should in proportion to them pay his repurchase" price over "Ru 4:7
from the money of his purchase. " But if only a
few remain of the years until the Jubilee" year, "L,8,%:!
then he must make a calculation for himself. In Le 2794
a rtThe temporary resident or the settler," L X X , SRM,X;C and 10
H e b ~ e wmanuscripts; hut M omts l'or".

417

LEVITICUS 25 :53-26 :8

proportion to the years of his he should pay over

his repurchase price. He should continue with

;"E",t5;4,0him
like a hired laborers from year to year. He
b9

gfi
gi?
xsa47:6

Col4:l

*EY 21.3

Le 25:-10
~ E Xli:6

E:iz::~l

may not tread him dawn with tyranny" before

your eyes. " However, if he cannot buy himseE
back on these terms, then he must go out in the
year of Jubilee,' he and his sons with him,

55'''FortomethesansoEIsrae13ares1aves,0

They are my slaves whom I brought out of the

Iss 433
er,e 2 7 : ~ land
~
of Egypt." I am Jehovah YOUR G0d.O
Ex 1526
" 'You must not make worthless gods"'
for yourselves, and YOU must not set up
JE 6 2 6
a carved image3" or a sacred pillar3 for yourselves, and mu must not put a stone as a shom* j
~ ~ 9 6 : spiecea in YOUR land in order to bow d5wnXto1Cn 10:19
ffiDe5 s
ward' it, for I am Jehovah YOUR God, a You
Zg 17:3
%nu3zaz should keep my sabbaths and stand in awe of
w a 3'3
my sanctuary? I am Jehovah.
wLe lP:50
3 " 'Iyou continue walking in my statutes
*
and
keeping my commandments and you do
ngb2~;;
lsa 30:23 carry them out,' 'then I shall certainly give YOUR
APs 67:6
showers of vain at their proper time' and the
PS 85:12
Z t c R:i2
cEie 3.1:27 land will indeed give its yieldAand the tree of t h e
field will give its fruit.$ And YOUR threshing
will certainly reach t o voun grape gathering,l
x
;
Joe2:lg
and the grape gathering will reach to the sown t e 25:18
Pr 1:33
ing of seed, and YOU will indeed eat YOUR bread
Jer 23:s
to the fullm and dwell in security in YOUR land."
C ~ - U6.26
?':.:;b:' 1!"g2'9 And I will put peacee in the landrand YOL- will
indeed lie down without anybody disturbing,$
o>-n 3 5 3
C"ll 14:s
and I will make the injurious wild beast3 cease
job 11:18
PS 4 s
out of the landt and a swordG will not pass
Jer 30:10
tzxi ir:zs through POUR land.u 'And YOU will certainly
Ho 5.18
chase POUR enemies0 and they wiU indeed faU
=XU ]o.s
by the
And: five of :YOU wiU
~
~before ~
~ sw0rd.v
~
~
Ex 20:2

::

1
I

26

,"zi$,3

"Nuke an idol," Tg.

LEVITICUS 26 :9-18

419

418

certainly chase a hundred, and a h u n h d of

will chase ten thousand, and YOUR enemies
will indeed fall before YOU by the ~ O ~ C I . JJ~U 7:21
~
13,15
9 " 'And I will turn myself to your and a;:;!;
make YOU fruitful and multiply
and I will l u h 1i:a
carry out my covenant with YOU.' l o And YOU YFG2:m?i,
1,~.
I
17s
will certainly eat the old of the preceding yearq "
I . . ~I :7
and YOU will bring out t h e old a h e ~ dof the j$g;!3B
new, l' And I shall certainly put my tnhernaclcaJ;;y ;.o
1li:Ba
in the midst of YOU," and my soul will not abhor 11..: l o1:72
25'22
YOU.' l2 And I shall indeed walk in the midst of
YOU' and prove myself YOUR Godv and YOU on '$::>c2,?:''28
YOU

,:,
%
,,.

\b

11

part will prove yourse1ves m y peopleaA 5:,&

"1 am Jehovah YOUR God, who brought YOU ;:;$;:
aut of the land of EgypP fmrn acting as slaves
:;
to t h m ; and I proceeded to bred< the bars of *Jlr 71 1.1
2C0 (i:I6
YOUR yokeo1and make YOU walk erect,
a511 11):2
14 " 'However, if You wiIl not listen to mem ?l':>:i:zo
nor do ~ 1 these
1
cammandments, '"and if YOU P":Y70,2
I , V at::iq
wiU reject my statutesD and if YOUR 80uE& wlll I:1:,P,T($&
abhor my judicial decisions so as not to do all ~;;;;;;:.i;
my commandments, t o the extent of YOITRVIO- n ? I i l 1 7 : 1 5
la1:ing my covenant," '"
then I fox my part s h d l T~~;~;~FO
do the follotving to row and in punishment f I f r b 3.1)
shall certainly bring upon YOU sudden terror
nlith tuberczllosiss and burning. fever, mtlsing
the eyesi to failt and making the soul pine &
:;$?;:
away,ll And YOU will sjmply sow YOUR seed for $,P;o1;l;
nothing, as YOUR: enemies will certainly e ~ l tit
1rp.V f l And I: shdll indeed set my face against vFz33
YOU^ and YOU will certainly be defeated before
Z~K : Z ~
aom enerniesy and those who hat^ YOU wlll just $;yJ n 2:ll
tread down upon youZand YOU will actually flee I& 4 40
EIJu 1(1!1:11
when nobody is pursuing YOU.'
*T'I- 2R:l
18 " 'If, though, despite these things, you
wlll not listen t o me, then I shall have to chasYOUR

,;;:

$5

LEVITICUS 26 :19-27

%;$&

tise YOU seven timesa as mucha %orYOUR sins.

And I shall have to break the prlde of YOUR
zDe I:=
!,xu 31:Za Istrength' and make youn heavensn like imnp
:il;s \?i3' . and YOUR earthc 1I lte copp~r.' And youn power
$E2"473 'will simply be expended for nothing,* as YOUR
:fi;j;,L earth will not give its yield and the tree af the
*Is2 49'4 earth will not give its f r r ~ i t . ~
Hab 2:13
m e i1:17
21 'But if YOU keep wnlking h apposition to
1-1ag
DE
28.18
.me and not wishing to listen t o me,then I shall
" p,
G e 79.12
4 : 1 ~ have to inflict seven times' more blows upon aou
Pr ti.31
according to YoUn sins. " And 1 will send the wild
beasts of the field among youP.and they will ceracr15:3 tainly bereave YOUof children' and cut off YOUR
.?Xi2:2 L
L*ze5:17 domestic animals and reduce 1I1e number of
FEze 33:7
E ~ e 3 9 ;'YOU'
~
and 1 - U ~roads
R
wil! fnjrly be desolated:
pr6:al

c$!,3fjz

23rr'Neverthe1ess,if~viththesethings~ov

pn2.12
'3c
5-6

2;e;:&3, !tpill not let yoursel~~esbe corrected by me* but

lvou just have

to walk In opposition to me,

then
l,
yes,
I,
shall
have to walk in apposition
Jer 5.3
to strike You
-2sa 2i:n to YOU" and I, wen I, shdl h ~ v e
zec;:lr

CIsa 1:16

~ ~ 1 . 2 : z o2r

P s 18.26
,La 26 18

seven timesg for

Youn sins. And I shall certainly bring upon YOU a sn~ordwrealzing vengeancez for the covennnt," and YOU will indeed
*g,"e3s::~1
@Ku13:19 gather yourselves into YOUR citiwDand I shall
'.xU14:1a
certainly send pestilence3 into the midst of
:xu IJ:n YOU: and YOU must be given into the hand of
De W 2 1
a s a z * ~,an enemy.' xa When 1 have broken far YOU
Jer 14.12
~ e 2rl10
r
t h e sods around which ring-sh~pedloaves are
Am 4:IO
s ~ s p e n c l e dthen
, ~ ten lr70mcnnTillactual1y bake
.J- k14
YOUR bread in but one oven and will actually
a:&:$
give back voun bread by weiaht" and YOU must
g,*B3i;,
r E - e4:16 eat but YOU will not be satisfied."
+Xllc6.14
Hag 1:6
27 '( 'If, however, with this YOU will not listen t o me and YOU just must walk in opposition
zDa3a:zs

Or, ''sevenfold?' Without reference to nny time dement, @Liter~ l l y..the

#
rod of bred."

LEVITICUS 26:28-37

420

to me,' xs then I shall have to \l7alkIn heated op- ' 2g;:

position to youa and I, yes, I, shall have to ehns- ;;g;;;m
IR
I
tiseVuou seven t i m e for YOUR sins. 20 So YOU :-LP
V u :,G 1 L
will have t o eat the flesh of YOUR sons,) rtnd til,.~,.:,+j
"I<I I>Z ' )
YOV will eat the flesh of TOC'R dnughtersdl5 U ~ r j I 111.3
I'
0 CXuX152
I: sllall certainly annihilate3 YOUR sacred high ,YLI :'l:%R
placesn)and cut off YOUR incense stancls and lay
YOUR b ~ m
carcassesCI1upan the carcasses ar 1:; :$:?!
YOUR dungy idoIs,"r and my soul will simply !n;;T:12;;2
~ b h o rYOU,s "'And I shall indeed give YOUR nL;;,:l
-A LI R ,ZY
citf es 20 the snrordfand lay SOUR samctu~ries"~
dcsalate,u and I shall not smell r a m odors of 'I!?C?.!,7
appeasement." And I for m y part will lay the tk!,2ji1$
land desolate,^ and YOUR enemies who are dwell- z:;!'
1"
ing in it will simply stare in m u e m e n t over
it.' I:' And \'OK I shall scatter among the na- 2 ~ 2 , ' ~
tionsz and I wilI unsheathe a sword after ~ 0 ~ 9 v . o o ~ n : s s I
and YOUR land must become a desolation* and $A4:i$1{r
? J.fr,t.
I I S sLO
82q
YOUR cities mill become a desolate' ruin.
s1jc
.
4:?i
34 " 'At that time the land will pay ofe its 1% d 1 : t l
sabbaths ~tllthe days of its lying desolated,
while YOU are in t h e land of YOUR enemles. At
that time the land will keep sabbath, as it must
i
repay its sabbaths.' YW1
the days of i t 9 lying -*cM:21
desolated i t will keep sabbath,' for the reason -Nu
that it did not keep sabbath during TOUR sahbaths when YOU were dwelling upon it,
36 " "As for those remaining among sou, I
shall certainly bring timidity into their heartsu *DPa:8s
in the lands of their enemies, and the sound of
a leaf driven abaut mill indeed chase tllem away,
and they will actually flee as in flight from a
swordhand fall without anybody chasing. And "b"pz'BYi24
they will certalnIy stumble against one another $!?;?
:-;
b l r

.',:

!e;;::>d

'T~nnctanri~e,";\LLLXTTg; "srmctuag:'
mnrurseiipts.

Gnu, 8y nnd 63 ZIchrcw

as if from bcfore a sword without anybody

chasing, and for you there will prove to be no
tEE8 ability to stand in resistance helore Y O ~ Rmemies.' s"nd
YW must perish" momg the naADe
De2g:48
4:2;
t
i
o
n
~
and
,
~
the
land of YO^ enemies must eat
71,:.:;DJ:' E7e 6:9
YOU
up.
Jv As for those remaining among You,
C S u 5 1-5
* ~ ~ m .they
s
will rot atvayQbecause of their lniquityO
h-u 14:B
in the lands of YOUR enemies. Yes, even because
De5:s
eh!f$333 of the Iniquities of their Pntl~ers'with them they
willrotaway.wAndIl~cyn~illcertainlyconfess
their own iniquity anrd the iniquity of their faEze 3 3 1 thers in t h e i ~
unfnithfulness when they behaved
=Le 2 3 2 1
Less:= unfaifl~fully toward me, yes, even when they
*lpA;$L r~.valkdin opposition to mc: yet I for my part
&Ek,
bsJ+;:20 proceeded to 1vn13c in opposition" to them, and I
'.J-r<:4
had to bring them into t h e land of their enemies.'
J e r 9.35
lPerhapsn at thnt time their uncircumcisedo
L C 4 ::7
AC 7:al
heartn
will be humbled' and a t that time they
1'0 2 29
*lici 2::29 will pay off their iniquity. "I And I shall indeed
i:'?&fg rememberGmy covennnt with Jacob:' and wen
my covenant with Isancn' and even my covenant
Ce2F.13 with AbraharnI1V shall renlcmber and the land
+Ge 26:3
EGe:2:7
I shall remember." "1'
t h e while t h e land was
.Es2:24
ne 4:31
left ahandoncd 13y thcrn and wns paying off its
%';:;iG2G:lA sabbaths" tr*31ileit was Iying dcsolated without
~1~
them and tllcy themselves mere paying for their
because, even hecause,I3they had re' ~ ; ~ ~ : iniquity,'
: 4 ~
t,Le 25:15- jected my judicial decisions" and their souls had
dI<i 17.13
2ch 2 6 : ~abhorredb. my stntutcs. " h d yet for all this,
'Am 520
CDe 4:31
while they continue in the land of their enemies
a e 9:31
2rc1
13:23
1 shall certainly not reject them? nor abhor*
~ ? ~ them
~ ~so :as Ito ~exterminate them to violate my
gEJs3:7
~ e 14:ai
r
covenant rdth them,@for I: am Jehovaho their

.$Isalo:a
s;;p

zJ?f
'

I'

t,$;$$!z3
,

a ''Perhfll)~;Or? JISRIII;
"And," Ry; but L.XX owits. "TI& empl~atiedoublin~of ..I~~cnuqe'*
ncears t h ~ tinna,
~ c ~ lrcr~and nt Ezekiel
13 : 1 0 and, Imi:hout tllc copnlntire "even'" nnt Ezekiel 36 : 3.

LEVITICUS 26 :45-27

:8

423

422

I will remember in their behalf the

covenant of the ancestolx' whom I brought

w a t t h the hand of the maker of the vow has

rnadcthepriest~willputavduationuponhim.
9 " 'And if it is a beast such as one presents&
in offering to Jehovah, everything of what he
may give to Jel~ovrrh will become something
holy.' l a He may not replace jt and he may not
'2u;;:exchange
9
it with good ior had or with had far
good, But if he sho~lldexcha~~ge
it a t all with
beast for beast, t h ~ nit itself must become and
what js exch~ll~ged
for it sh0~11dl~ecolnesomething holy. And if it b any unclean beast such
as one may not presentb in offering to Jehor>rall:14 vah,= then he must stand the h e s t before the
LLt 16:7

God. '%d

E"~3J

'gFzF

forth out of the land of Egypt under the eyes L u 1 : ~

20:g
of the nationsz in order to prow myself their
God. I am Jehovah.' "
46 These are the regulations and the judldwl
decisions" and the lam? that Jehovah set be- C y u 5:29
tween himself and the sons of Israel in Mount
m ~n
s : ~
S i ' n a i q y means of M o s ~ s . ~
ULe ~ l l : i
And Jehovah continued to speak to
Moses, saying: ? "Speak t o the sons of
Israel, and you must say t o them, 'In ease n
man should make a special vow-offering' of 3NuB:s
souls to JehovElh according to the estimated
When the estimated value: has to be oi ;Et:,
a mabe from twenty years old up to sixty years y , ~ $ :
aId, then the estimated vahe must become Afty 21ci b 4
shekels of silver by the shekel of the sanctuary.' 'But if it is a female, then the estimated '3,:T,!A3
value must become thirty shekels. And If the ~ u l s : l a
age is from five ye= old up to twenty ymrs
old, then the estimated value of the male must
became twenty sshekeIs and for the female ten
she1r;els. And if the age is from a month old up
to five years old, then Mle estimated value of
the male must become five shekels af s h e r and
for the femaIe t h e estimated value must be three
shekels of silver.
7 " 'Now if the age is from sixty years old
upward, if it is a rnaIe, then the estirn~tedvalue
must become Afteen shekels and for the female
,
ten shekels. But if he has become too poo9 for
the estimated value," then he must standmthe nzolr:15
personn before the priest and t h e priest must
put a valuation upon him. According t o what

., ,:,

27

,,,

Li ternlly, "stand him."

LEVITICUS 27 :9-16

prjc~t.~"hAncFthepricstmustput avaluation'
'uponit whether it is g o d or bad. According to
the value estimated by the priest,c so it should
become, La But If he wants ta h ~ it~ back
y
at all,
then he must give R fif th'vof it in ~ d d i t i o nto the
$ 6
Le 2214 estimated value.
14 " 'Now fn case R man should sanctify his
house as something holy to Jehovah, then the
priest must make a valuation of it whether it is
* L ~ Z ~ : I Zgood or bad." According lo what valuation the
priest makes of it, so m11c31 It should cost. l 5 But
if the sanctifier wanis to buy his house back,
then he must give a fifth of the money of the
m:w estimated value fn addition to it,' Then it must
become his.
"*c 4 s
16 " 'And if it is some of the fieldz of his possession that a man would sanctify tn Jehovah, then
Arsa a:lo the value must be e.stimnted jn proportion to its
E3Fli seed: if a ho'merAof barley seed, then a t fifty
SL~~:CI

"22?:8

~~

"One presentri,'V~nm,Tg
' nnd 14 TTc.l>re~v
rnnnt~~rripts;
"tIley present," MSy. b Lee ceme 9,foolnotc", pdiAntl according fig the pri~st
rlecides its vdue," Sy; "And n~cordingIta the pried wi31 ralnate
a

it,.'

m*

shekels of silver." l7 If he should sanctify his

field from the year of Jubileeo on, it should +Le25:ll
cost according to the estimated value. laAnd if
it is after the Jubilee that he sanctifies his field,
then the priest must calculate for him the price
in proportion to the years that are left aver
until the next year of Jubilee, and a deduction
should be made from the estimated value.' 'yegA:
" But if the sanctifier of it would at all buy the
field back, then he must give a fifth of the
money of the estimated value in addition t o it,
~ ~ 1
and it must stand fast as his.w 2o NOW if he
should not buy the field back but if the field
is sold to mother maqb it may not be bought
back again. And the field when it goes out in
the Jubilee" must become something holy to "Le25:2a
Jehovah, as a field that is devoted.# The pas- #EZeM:29
session" of it wiIl become the priest's.*
oxu
@XU
1824
35:2
22 " 'And if he should sanctify to Jehovah a
field purchased by him that is no part of the
field of his possession," then the priest must O',e;zi
calcuIate for him t h e amount of the valuation
up till the year of Jubilee and he must give the
estimated value on that day? It is something A$ g;::
holy to Jehovaho z4 In the year of Jubilee the oLe27:g
field will return to the one from whom he
bought it, t o the one to whom the possession
of the land belongs.'
+L.+
Le a5:m
27:zo
25 " 'Now every value should be estimated
"3p43
;
in the shekel of the sanctuary.The shekel should pels;\
amount t o twenty ge%ahs.@
o x u 1:zo
13:2
26 " 'Only the first-bornr" among beasts, #Ex
Err2230
which h born as the first-bora for Jehovah," ~ ~ ~
That is, a, piece of land that requEred a ho'mer of barley to BOW it
would be estimated at fifty silver shekels, b Zterallq., ' k t if he [the
tabernacle or temple treasnrer] does sell the fleld to another rnnn.jJ

no man should sanctify it. Whether ox or sheep,

it belongs to Jehovaheca 7 And if it is among the
unclean beasts and he must redeemC it according to the estimated value, then he must give
* L e ~ : W a fifth af it in addition t o it." But if it should
not be bought baclr, then it must be sold according to the estimated value.
28 '' 'Only no sort of devoted thing that a man
might devote t o Jehovah for destruction" out of
*y$sg;;
Jos 7_1
a11 that is his, whether from mankind or beasts
3% 1 x 3
or from the field of his pussession, may be sold,
and no sort of devoted thing may be bought back.
It is something most holy to Jehovah. 2W0
devoted person who might be devoted to destructiona from among mankind may be redeemed.'
u s a 7 2 3 3 He should be put to death without fai1.j
30 'And every tenths partbF of the land,
out of the seed of the land and the fruit of the
De 12 6
tree, belongs to Jehovah. I t is something holy to
De 14:22
2ch 31:s Jehovah.
And if a man wants t o buy any of his
Y e 10.37
k e 12:44 tenth parth back at all, he should give a fifth
Efzjiz of it in addition to it.' 2"s f o r every tenth part
~
; of~the :herd~ and ~flock, everything that passes
Heb 7 5
+Le di,l3 under the crook,* the tenth head should become
&Jer 3 3 : ~something holy to Jehovah. 33 We should not
P;le 20:37
3 1 ~ 14
~ 7 examine whether it is good or bad, neither
should he exchange it, But if he would exchange
it at all, then it itself must become and, what is
exchanged for it should become something
x L e n : 1 0 holymx
It may not be bought back.' "
ENu I522
*Le %:a6
34 These are the commandmentsc*that JehaDe 4:45
c,vu
1:1
vah gave Moses as commands to t h e sons of
Israel in Mount Si'nai.t*
NU
Ga
4:24
I:I
~ ~
a Or, Idwho might be made sacred by a ban?' b Or, "tithe."
0Nu11:23

""Ul8:15

I]

3
1

~;!~~,

v;:!.";:

LEVITICUS 27 :27-34

425

I:

('

427

NUMBERS 1;16-25

A+hirratthe son of Ehm. I4 These are the ones

eaUed of the assembly, the chieftainsno of the
tribes of their fathem. They are the heads of
the
~
E
,
1
S
,
:
,
2
1 thousands of Israel.""
~ c 924
h
17 SO Moses m d Aaron took these men who
had been designated by names. l%d
they
called all the assembly together on the first day
of the second month, that they might have their
vNe7:61
descentv acknowlcdf~er?
as regards their families
in the house of their fathem, by the number
of the names, from twenty years old upward,
ONu 8:m head by head of them, l o just as Jehovah3 had
363 commanded" Moses, and he proceeded to register them in the wilderness' af Si'nai.lv
k2U?$g
mz,:r
20 h d the sans of Reu'bcn,s Israel's first:'2G~$;449-3
& b o r n , O their Mrths according to their families
in the llouse of their fathers, came to be by t h e
h-u 2:lO
26:5
number of names, head by head of them, all t h e
Dc 3 3 5
1ch 5 1
males from twenty years old upward, everyone
going out to the army, altl~oseregistered of
ONU
them of the tribe of Reu'benJJforty-six thousand flve hunch.~d.~
;
22 Of the sons of Slm'e.onI8their births ac*
GeQ'24
cording
to their famjlies in the house of their
Ge 46.10
Ge49:5
fathers, those registered ones of his by the
$& number of names, head by head of them, all
the males from twenty yeam old upward, everyone going out ta the army, those registered
of them of the tribe of SIm'e.on3 were fiftyn$: gz4 nine thousand three hundred."
Nu 26:14
24 Of the 8011sof Gad," their births according
AGe 30:11
c.4c.16 to their families in the hvuse of their fathers
Ge 4 9 2 9
NU 2:14
by the number of names from twenty years old
N
DU, =26:15
= : ~ D upward, everyone gain$ out t o the army,
CN~lO:ZQ those registered of them of the tribe of Gad0
fNu 2:m
Nu lo:=

$xu.r:a

NUMBERS

And Jehovah proceeded to speak t o Moses0 ::,"

!;j,2
in the wildernessa* of SirnaiVn the tent of m u t o : a
n1eetingt on the first day of the second month in 'Ex 25:22
t h e second year of their coming out of the land A 6 x 40.17
t h e sumo of the '~,?$~]
of EgyptlAand he said: "TAKE
whole assembly0 of the sons of Israel according ON" 3t1:2
t o their families, according to the house of their
fathers, by the number of n a r n e ~ , ~ sthe
l l males, "D@8:11
head by head of them," "from twenty years old
upward,' everyone going out to the army in ;Fey;:
Israel." You shoz~ldregister them according t o ,,t:;;yo:.;
3.14
tE~cirarmies,c you and Amon.
l{.t! ;;:,.I
4 "And some men should be with vow, one kG;f i;;
man to n tribe; each is a head to the house of rllLe 2!1.33
his fathers." And these a r e the names of the t?:','i;i;:'.?s
men who will stand with YOU: OI Reurben,r "j: ;;:{[?
E,lltzur' the son of Shedte.ur; a of Sim'e.on,ni
;(

;z,$::R,

,7r):2~
She.lu'mf.eIh the son of Zu.ri.shadtdai; of atGa
m ~1.1
v u 2:a
Judah,'" Nh'shonr the son of Am~rnln'aldab;U[;P
::n 3.1
of Is'~a.char,~sNe-than'elvthe son of Zu'ar; rr:,,:t,r,
of Zeb'u,Bun,t E.ErabQthe son of He'lon; IDof ""'
iC . I I ~ L
t h e sons of Joseph:"" of E'ph~a.im,~
Elish'a.ma :'K;:l,:,':jA
the son of Am.mirhud;of Ma.nas'~eh,~.
6a.mar- ;?;!
1i.el the S Q ~aE Pe.dah'zur; " 'of Benjamin,""
?d:;,
Ab'f.dan' the son of Gid-e.o'ni; of Dan,z A.hi- * r : ~ , ? n . 1 3
e'zer" the son of Am.mi.skadfdai; L3 of Ash'er,' !12?p':$?~~
7:.1:!
Pa'gi.ell t h e son of Och'rxn; 'I of Gad,m E,li'a- hh'uu ~o::a
s ~ p h nthe son of Deu'eIiCr l a of Naph'ta.li,H Lz;b&':

"'

::

:,;?as

,,;;I

tho dldernees" (Bemirl.&ns') ia the title of thifi hook in Hehrrw; but "Numhcrs*' in E n g l i ~ h ,to corrmpontd with d,rith,noi'
(LXX) and fla'me.ri ( 7 - g ) . b Literally, "by t l ~ ~B i~ ur ~ I A , " a "DPu'c~,"
MSnlu'l-g; "Reu%i," ST; uRs.y'elt' LXT,
n "In

P26

=.

Or, "nap&?'

NUMBERS 1:26-36

428

ONU 215
were forty-five thousand six hundred and fiftym4
Nu 2 6 3 8
*Ge
9:s
26 Of the sons of Judah,' their births accord- G e 238:l
ing to their families in the house d their fa- GGee 46:12
19:s
thers by the number of names from twenty Nu a:3
Nu 26:19
years old upward, everyone going out to the De 33:7
3:2
m y , E7 those registered of them of the tribe of 1Ch
Ps 7g:m
1:2
Judah were seventy-four thousand six hundredee >It
Heb 7:14
Re 5:5
28 Of the sons of Is'sa.char," their births ac- @\-u
2:4
G:n
cording to their families in the house 01 their N2%u 224:9
fathers by the nurnber of names from twenty ZCh 17:14
N:18
years old uprvard, everyone going out to the xGe
G e 4G:13
Ge
army, ID
those registered of them of the tribe of h-u 48:14
2:5
%:a31
Xsrsa.charwere fifty-four thousand four hun- Nu
Re 37:18

*Nu 2:G
dred."
I\'u 26.25
N:20
30 Of the sons of ZeWutlun,*their births ac- *Ge
Ge 18::3
N u 26:26
cording to their families in the house of their EXu
2:s
fathers by the number of names from twenty NU 26 :a7
OWu 7.24
years old upward, everyone going out to t h e *Ge 41;52
army, S1 those registered of them of the tribe GGec 46:20
4&:19
of Zeb'u.lun3 were fifty-seven thousand four GNue 40~22
2:lS
Nu 26.35
hundred."
De 33:17
125
32 Of the sons of Joseph: of the sons of 3g
Ps 60:7
Jer 7:15
E ' ~ h r a . i m , their
~
births according to their OGe
48:5
families in the house of their fathers by the +Xu2 9 9
Ku 2 6 3
number of names from twenty years old up- =Nu 7:45
41:51
ward, everyone going out t o the army, aa those mGe
Gc 46:20
Ge
48::7
registered of them of t h e tribeP of Ephra.irns xu 2:m
h'u 20:?9
were forty thousand five hundred.'
De 33:17
JOS 1:la
34 Of the sons of Ma.nas'sehTWtheir births ONu
754
according to their families in the house of their
fathers by t b e number of names from twenty
years old uprvard, everyone going out t o the
army, 89hose registered of them of the tribe'
of Ma.nasrseh mere thirty-ttvo thousand two
hundred.#
36 Of the sons of Benjamin,' their births ac-

c o m g to their families in the house of their fathers by the number of names from twenty years
old upward, everyone going out ta the army,
those registered of them of the trike of Benjamin were thirty-five thousand four hundredWm
%
&
$
:
n G e 30:G
38 Of the sons of Dan," their births accordG e 46:23
ing
to their famiIies in the house of their fa~;9&6
6u26:12 thers by t h e number of names from bventy
years old upward, everyone going out t o the
?&%\%
J g 13 25
army, aS those registered of them of the tribe
g2%of Dan were sixty-two tllousand seven hundred.'
sGe30313
40 Of the sons of A ~ h ' e r , their
~
births acCe 49 20
De33:21 cording t o their families in the house of their
2'36
fathers b y the number of names from twenty
years old upward, everyone going out t o the
army, " those registered of-them of the tribe
tKu a:=
of Ash'er were f orty-one thousand five h ~ n d r e d . ~
Nu 26:47
llGe 30:s
42 Of the sonsa of Naph'ta.liju their births acG e 4634
Ge 49:21. cording to their families in the house of their fah'u 2 23
NU %:48 them by the number of names from twenty years
""33:23 old upward, everyone going out to the army,
4"hose registered of them of the tribe of Naph'7:B
ta.liS were fifty-three thousand four hundrednV
v 9 u 2:m
K U ~ O 44 These are the ones registered, rvhorn
3vNu 2 ~ Moses
4
registered," together with Aaron and the
chieftains of Israel, twelve men, They represented one each the house of his fathers. 4i And
all those registered of the sons of Israel according to the house of their fathers from twenty
,
,
,
,
:
,
,
years old upward, everyone going out t o the
gig;;T
~ ~ 1 2 : 3 army
7
in Isfael, came to be, '"yes, all those
Uu 26.51
be 1o;22 registered came to be six hundred and three
thousand five hundred and fifty."
%
: $:;
j
4 47 However, the Levites according t o the
j3

I'
I

rc,"

'"

"Of the sons,'' ZXX, Sam, Pg and 10 Hebrew rnanuscl-ipts;

"The sons," Re,
a

NUMBERS 1~48-2:2

430

trlbe of their fathers did not get registered In 'y$z;T

m o n g them.' " Amrdingly Jehovah spoke to ;$I; ;!;:
Moses, saying: 40 "OnIy the tribe of W v i ' YOU ? N I I 2:f?
must not register and t h e sum of them you
must not take in among the sans of Israel."k ;;$!
"And you yourself appoint the Levites over

the tabernacle3 of the Testimony'" and over -#NU1~

1714
lG:3*J
all Its utensils and over everything that belongs
t o i t , n o They themselves will carry the tabev- ' " U " 7
n ~ c l eand all its utensils' and they themselves *yuyl;!
will ministermat it, and around the tabclmaclc ."
I . . \ .!
<.:
!:m
%R
they are t o camp: 51 And wElencver thc tnbcr- l*;n .w :,L
nacle is setting out the Levites should take i t E:r;~?'
downn and when the tabernacle encamps the :F;!,j:-i,
Levit- d~ouldset it up, and any slrc?llgerlrc " N u .? Irr
'Xu 3716
coming near should be put t o death.:'
. I N 2'2 10
52 "And the sons of Israel must encamp each ISa ~:1"
with reference to his campe and each man by "U12:14
his three-tribe divisioncz by their armies. ":I And mVUu 2,j.a
2:a
the Levites should encamp ar80und the taber- . iN<Lxi &:a1
10:u
nwcle of the Testimony: that no indignntionY ,,rdr,III:~;
may arise against t h e assembly of the sons of $: yi:'la
Israel, md the Levit= must laep 'the scwict? lSR fi:'!"
clue to the tabernacIe of t h e Testimony."'
+NII
N U815.3
2.1
54 And the sons of Ismel proceded to do 9cll
r n z: ::lo
l:~
according to all that Jehovah had commanded
QEK
39*9:!
Moses. They did just so."
Jehovah now spoke to M o s e ~and Anran,
saying; * "'The sons of Israel should encnmp, each man by his three-tribe dividon,'
by the signs": for the house sf their h l h e ~ s .
Round about in front of the tent of meeting
they should encamp.'

al.Thnt bclonp ta it!' HSnrn: "which i*in it," LXX4y. b TImt is,
n sou-Lrvite. C "The-hibe &vision''; I-lchrcw, drp'cl. d "Signs";
ITell~wr*,311r, in the pEurn1 nutuber.

NUMBERS 2:3-15

431

%.dab. ' And his army and t h e

of t h ~ mare seventy-four thoudrO And those camping alongthe tribe of Xsfsa1char~n
and

,I

of Ztl'ar.

And his army m d

nre fifty-four thousand four

e tribe of ZebOu.lm;and the

even thousand four hun9 "'Al

the registered ones of the camp of

red eighty-six thousand
~rrnies,They should set

l.shad'dal. And Iiis army and the

recl of them nre fifty-nine thouaand
edn3v And the tribe of gad;^ and
for the sons of Gad is E.li'a.saphz
u'el,& And his army nnd the ones
&'6Ren'el," M8y; "Ra.gclOel:" L3;SX; rQeu'el," Sam, Vg and 109
Hebrew manasmpta. See Kumbem 1 : 34, footnotec,

433
wglstered of them are forty-five thousand six'
*NU 1 : a
hundred and fifty."
N U 20:1&
16 "All the registered ones of the camp of
Reu'ben are one hundred ttnd fifty-on~thousand four hundred and fifty in their armies, and
arJu
1chIQ:X&
53
they should set out ~ e c o n d . ~
'Nu
G:lo
17 "When the t a t Q of meeting must set out,
the camp of the LevitesS will be in the middle 5;gfd

of the camps.+
"Just as they should encamp, so they should
set out,+ each one at his place, according t o
their three-tribe d i ~ i s i o n s . ~
18 "The three-tribe division of the camp of
E'phra.im4 in their armies will he torva1-d the
west, and the chieftain for the sons of E'phrtl-

out third.r

1 I C L ~u :2

INu 130
N, s::jn

.?~~:'::2~
I('0
:.to
11

FYII 1.52
NU

lo.i"

nE&?z

~
:';.!f

Tm is E.lishra.rna"the son of Am.mirhud. I" h d .NU 1, l o

7 dLS
his army and the ones registered of them we NU
N~ 10:23
forty thousand five hundred.' e0 And alongside l ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~
him will he the tribe of Ma.nasfseh,l1l and the n$*I;112:j$i
chieftain f o r the sons of Ma.nas%sch is Ga.ma'l i d n the sun of Pe.dah'zur.
And his army ]INU
hTu754
"I0
and the ones registered of them arc thirty-two Nu10:23
thousand two hundred.' Pz And the trllje of Ben- r$; g:,
ja~nin;-'and the chieftain for the sons of Benja- I;;&$.
min is Ab'i.dant the son of Gid.e.o'ni. " And his zmm 1:i i
army ~ n the
d ones registered of them are thirty- Yj-Uu 7.rfl
1'1 a4
UNU 127
five thousand four hundred.N u 243..ll
24 "MI the regidered ones of the camp of
E'phra.im are one hundred and eight thousand
one hundred in their armies, and they stlould
set

7'

VNU la:^

25 "The three-tribe division of the cRmp of

Danw will be toward the north 3n their olmfes, ' V N u 1 : a
and the chieftain for the sons of Dan is A.hi.e'zerr the son of Am.rni.shad'dai. And his army ).R:;g
and the ones registered of them are sixty-trvo Xu

! ?

NUMBERS 2 :27-4:3

thousand seven hundred.=IT

And the ones camp
ing alongside him will be the tribe of ksh'er,'
and the cl~ieltainf o r the sans of Ash'er is Pa'gitNu X:13
eln the son of Och'raan. "%d his army and the
XU 7:fa
x u 10:s ones registered of them are forty-one thousand
*XU 1.41
Nu 26:-1'1
' 'And the tribe of Naph'ta.li;@
ENu 11% five hund~wed,~
+Nu 1:13 and the chieftain for the sons of Naph'tadi is
XU 7.78
su lo:n A.hi'ra' the son of Etnnn, :IU And his army and
X u 143
Nu 2650 the ones registerecl of: them are flfty-three
*XU1025
V E X 12:97 thousand four h~ndrecl.'~
Ex 3 3 ~ 2 6
31 "All the registered ones of the camp of
Nu I .;G
xu 1 1 : P l Dan are one k~tndredfifty-seven thousand six
Nu ZG:51
'Xu 1:;:
hundred. Thcy shoulcl set out last'laccosding
xu 5.15
Xu 26357 to their" three-tribe d!vjsions."
1Ch 8:1
32 T h e e were the registered ones of the sons
Csu 16:M
'Es 3S':42
o
f
Israele according t o the house of their faN u 154
Ps 119:li thers; all t h e registered ones of the camps i
n
Lu 1:6
r.su 1:52 their armies were six hundred md three thouN U 2:2
XU 10:14 sand five hundrcd nnd Rfty."
But the LevitesY
CNu 11):28
Nu 24:2 did not get registered in among the sons of
G e 2:4
Israel, just afi J c h o v ~ hhad commanded Moses.
>It 1:l
e E x 19:2
?%d the sons of Israel p~oceedcrlt o do accordLe 221
Le 27:34 ing to all thnt Jehovah hnd commanded
'CK 6:23
Ex 24:l
That js the way they encamped in their threeLe l G . 1
l i u 2.5.60 tribe divisions' and that Is the tvay they set
ZCh 6:s
:Ch ?+:I out,) each one In Ilis larniljes with regard to
e EL 249
L* E:1 the house of hjs fathers.
X u ?6:61
Now these were the generations$*of Aaron
1Ch 2 2 2
1 En 6.25
and Moses in the day that Jehovah spoke
LC 10.6
Nu 1 6 : 3 7 with Moses in Mount Si'n8im0'And these were
De 10:6
Jos 1 7 4 the names of Aaron's sons: the first-born Na'@lCh 6:3
and
~ k 1th'a.mar.m
zar~
mEx 6:23 dab" and A . b i ' l ~ u , ~ ~ ~ l c ~
Ex 3S:21
These were the name8 of Aaron" sons, the
1,e 10-12
S u 7:s
W u L6:37 anointed priests" whose hands had been filled
(>Their,'' that ia fo say, all Zsrnclss. Scr rcme 17.a Or, "happen")

ings," or, "hictoq.'"

435

with power to act as priests. Hmwver, Na'dab

and Abi'hu died before Jehovah when they
offered illegitimate fire before Jehovah in the
wilderness of Si'nai, and they did not come to
have any sons." But E-le-arzarand Ithramar nEg&
continued to act as priests aIong with Aaron
their father.
5 And Jehovah proceeded to speak to Moses,
saying: "Bring the tribe af Le'vi near, and you r$;
must stand them before Aaron the priest and
they must minister to him. And they must keep
their obligation tohim and their obligation t o all
the assembly before the tent of meeting in dis-

I1,-."

1 :Y ;

:c

charging the semiceOof the taBernac1e.e @And ;Jg1

they must take care of all the utensils' of the tent +.% :; ;j
of meeting, even the obligation of the sons of
$7,
Israel in discharging the service of 4hc taber- 11:
ICh 2 s :
* 7r R.2.1
nac1e.t 'I And you must give the Levites"t o Aaron :k;, 7::;
and his sons.They are given ones,l given t o him ~ I N U8:m
from the sons of Israelbu'%d you should ap- &i:iyi
point Aaron and his sons, and they must take '$3f;,x;':;.j."
care of their p r i e s t h ~ o d ,and
~ m y stra,angerlju=N1klU:"
~ N r 1l 5 1
corning near should be put t o death."^^
Nu 1E:40
11 And Jehovah continued t o speak to Moses,
;
:
4
26;
saying: " "As for me, look! I do take the Levites
from among the sons of Israel in place of all the
first-born opening the wombo of the sons of ' ~ ~ u &
Israel, and the Levites must become mine.y
g;;
'Tar every first-born is. mine.=h the day that $,"
1 . : ~ r:.:rg
I struck every M - b o r n in the land of Egypt':' c5:: ?.?
I sanctified to myself every first-born in Israel
from man"to beast.= They &odd become mine. :EZ::&
xe IW:ZG
I a m Jeh~vah."~
14 And Jehovah spokefrrrtherto Moses Inthe "1LuI C2:27
~20.13
X, nYfra.airnr; whi& is rehted to the title Rctb'iThnt is, any non-Aaronite.

n '"Given onm.''

nim,

I7

n: lCh !;:I8

- r h G..IB
lllCll 1 1
13I'h
It-11 ?'{:I2
0 1.1,

~i~~

rvIlderncss of Si'naiF saying: "Register the

sons oI te'vi according t o the houseAof their
fathers by their fnmi4ies. Every male from a
month old upward you should registe~."~And
Moses began to register them at the order of
Jchovah, just as he had k e n commanded. And
these came to be the sons of Le'vi- by their
names: Gerfshon and Ko'hath and Me-rar'i."
18 Kow these were the names of the sons of
Ger'shon by their families : LiWn i' and Shimfe.i."
19 And t h e sons of Ko'hath by their families
lwere Am'rarn-d
1Iz'har.m He'bmnCn and
Uz.Zi'd."

20 And thc sons of Me.rar'i by their families

AOwere M a h W and Mu'shi.t

These were the families of the Levites accarding t o the house of their fathers.
21 Of Ger'shan there were the family of the
Lib'nltesU and the family of the Shim'e.ite~.~
l:,~~;l~~ji~O
trrVICIl
r l f : l l 23.0
23:7 These were the familles a0 the Ger'shon.ites."
Their registered ones were by number of all
males from a month old upward, Their regisSNu4:40 tered ones were seven thousand five hundred7
;' The I~milicsof the Gertshon.ites were behtd
the
tabernacle.% They were encamped to the
ZTuI'JJ
xu 2.17
west. " And the chieftain of the paternal house
!for the Gefshon.ites was E.li%.saph the- son of
*xu 4 9 4 La'el. ?3 And the obligation" of the sons of Gerrr Kx 2B.T
CY x?.il shon in the tent of meeting was the tabernacle
!EX "'ti td
T:Y :ji;.lo
and the tent," its cavering' and the screen- of
/the entrance of the tent d meeting, 'land the
;?Tiy?!; hangin@''' of the courtyardg and the screen*of
.J'ky7.18
I;% ::$:IS 1 the entrance of the courtya1-d that is round
'about the tabernacle and the altar, and i t s tent
cordsu for all of its service.
27 And of Ko'hath there were the family of

,I:,
~

NUMBERS 3:I S 2 7

zf&

the Am'ram.itesl and the family of the Iz'har- Ilch a3:13

itesm and the family of the He'bron.ltesn and ~~~~~i~
the family of the Uz.~i'el.ites,~
These were the
families of the Ko%ath.ites.~2 9 Among the num- s X ~ l 3 . l . ~

tiony tx7as the Arl-9 and the table2* and the 2;:; iir"
lampstand"" and the altarsAand the utensilsd
of the sanctuary with which they would min:.p:~
ister and the screen" and all its service.
p1.Y ::;);I
32 And the chieftain of the chieftains of the 96;?;+a,
Levites was E.le.a'zarm the son of Aaron the .P:Y 21;:'tl
priest, who had the oversight of those taking ~::~':i"$:
care of the obligation t o the sanctuary,
N OII PI):ZII
"I:ZI{
33 Of Me-rar'i there were the family of the i:!A?;;I,H
Mah'lites' and the family of the MutshItes.*&
:'??,:;
These were the families of Me.rm'1.l a 4 And *;:;/;;:;;;
their registered ones by the number of all the r NU a:m
males from a month old upward were six thousand two hundred.m 9%d the chieftain of the mNud:44
paternal house for the f a d i e s of Merar'l was
2u'ri.d the son of Ab.i.ha'iE. They were en?;:;:;
camped on the side of t h e f abernacle toward the "2 $2:;
n0rth.n And the oversightrfor x~rhlchthe sons t tI:Y% 2~&.2(i
Sii~T11
of h.Ze.rar/i were obligated was over the panel " x xr..;.?:
framess of the tabernacle and its barst and its 7%,.;'i:?
pillarszu and its socket pedestalsv and all its ' ~ ; ~

Euas:17

:;$:;

ber of all the males from a month old upward

there were eight thousand sixa hundred, taking
Lxu.l:m
care of t h e obligation to the sanctuary.' '"The
families of the sons of Ko'hath Irere encamp4
on the side of the tabernacle t o the soutt.1.~~
;ph1;t:8
"And the chieftain of the paternaI house for"r;:~':;:,
the families of the Kothath.ites mas E.IIz'aphan1' the son of Wzi.el.w And their obliga- ;T;:;~ .; I:,

lvE*

YF.Y 27.10

utens1lsW and a11 its servjce, and the pillarsy

of t h e courtyard round about and their socket
pedestals" and their tent phs' and their tent

cords.
38 And those camping befox%the tabernacle
tm~ardthe east, before the tent of meeting toward the sunrising,* were Moses and Aaron
*z;,l;:3
and his sons, those taking care of the obligaas the obligation for
9:;
:igt tion to the san~tuary,"~
Icllc,.t$ the sons of Israel.' And any strangeru coming
'Nu 3:.
r s u 3.10 near lvot~ldbe put te death.'
39 All the redstend ones of the Levites
whom hloses and Aaron"reg1stewd at the order
9:lB of Jehovah" by their families, all the rnales
Irom a montlz old uprvard, were fiventy-b~~o
-nu
4:SJ
S u 26 ,Pa thousni?d."
40 TIlen Jehovah said to Moses: "Register
all the first-born males of the sons of Israel
lrom a month old upward," and take the num*Xu3:14
* I % RT;O
JHra 4:3
bey of their names.* And you must take the
1,n 10 20
Levitcs for me-I am Jehovah-in place of all
I
4 :
'
I!P R:R
c,.yn :I 1 2 the llrst-born Rmong the sons of Israel7 and the
':'' damestic animals of the Levites in place of all
the first-born among the domestic animals of
rs:15 the sons of Israel.'" 4%3
Moses proceeded,
just ns J e h o v ~ hhad commanded him, to register all the first-born among the sons of Israel.
dnA"'
all the first-born males hy the number of
the names from a month old ~ p ~ v a rofd their
0 T l ~ n tis, n non-lerite, b "And Aaron," 31CdXYTg.In the H e b m

,~;~-~,,
f\zf$z;

"'Six,"

tssl t h m ~rvords hnre a row of rlots over them. This is one o f the
12 cnws of axtrno~-dinnl~
pointing by Hchrcw Sopherim (scribes),

t wh1r.11nre in
~ : trma
~ o~

3iFan1SyVg; "three,'kaecopding to florrie ruonnscsiplt~oP

LXX, ~ h i e hlatter number aads up to the sum total of 22,1000,~ ~ v m
in verse 39,

tllc I'cntutw~h. 3Ioecs nlonc waz eommandea

to do thr n a ~ i ~ l ~ r r ihut
t ~ g ,nq Aaiwn took pnrt with Xoscs. some

n:wi,nt copyi.st inscrlecl "ond dnmn" in the text here. Later on

11.r smibvs put dots over tlls words rathrr than take khem oat.
barn, Sy anti 11 1Ivl)rerr mnnurcripts do not have thc words.

NUMBERS 3:6":3

438

the service groupa' to do the 1vorkP in t h e tent

:S,"pi8
1Ch k*
a~ua:m
of meeting.
t w o hundred and seventy-three.
1Ch 23:M
'Ch z:u
4 "This is the service of the sons of Ko'hath
44 And Jehovah continued to speak to Moses,
L U 1.5
'xu 3.31 in the tent of meeting.' It b something most
saying; '"'Take the Lwites in place of all the
Xu 4.15
5 ~ 4 :holy;
~
bAncl Aaron and his sons must came in
7
first-born among the sons of Israel and the1
when the camp is departing and they must take
'F
K2,6,j3,:
domestic animals of the Levites in place of
Le " 2
down the screening cui-tnin' and m u ~ cover
t
the
their domestic animals, and the Levites must
xu 3.31
Arkn of the testimony with it.' And they must
became mine.' I am Jehovah. And as the ran- +N,1:,$4;
:~~gj;;
H Q 9:3
~
put a covering of ~jenlskinssover it and spread
som price* of the two hundred m d seventy- &?::iffq
IIeb l0:m
ws 2s 10 out an entire cloth of blue on top and put in
three from the first-born of the sons of Israel, N U IH:I~
Ex 37:l
itS pOles,u
2% 6:2
n31o are in excess of the Levites, you must
Z E X 40:3
*EY
27:s
7 "And they will spread out a cloth of blue
take Bve shekels for each indivjdual." In the 'h\T~81,
i;t 1::
shekel of the s a n c t u e you shouId take it. A
cEx2j:13 over the table"' of showbmad and they must
put upon it the dishes' and the cups' and the
shelrel is twenty ge'rahs.* dB And you must give
$!#
-c 2;:s
12
t tip money to Aaron and his sons as the ransom
( E u 255?3 bo~vI9and the pitchem of the drink offering,
;:KO
and the constant h~eend'shouId continue on it.
price of those who are in excess of them," '"0
GET 3 f : X
-1,e 2::s
And they must spread o u t a cloth of cocmtsu
Moses took the moneymof the redemption price' P~;02;~m
=EX2 6 3
scarlet over them and they must cover it with
from those who were in excess of the ransom y+,yo
price of the Levites. From the first-born of ~;1',y;~
EE;g;& a covering of sealskins' and put in its poles."
c cloth of blue and cover
the sons of Israel he took the money, a t h o ~ ~ s m d
~
I
J
~And
~ they
~
: must
~
~t ~ k a
ri4-u 8:2
CPS'4:16
the1arnpstmd"f thelumIn~ry~anditsl&mps~
three hundred and sixty-five shekels," in the
niEx 7 ~ 3 7and its snuff crslQnd its Are holders1'and all its
shclcel of the sanctuary. 51 Then Moses gave the
n Ex E:38
'
XU
93:23 vesselsBfor ojlE' with WIIJCII
they regular1y minmoney of the ransom price to Aaron and his
rk3T:23
I
FEY 3 3 2 1
ister to j t. h d they must put it and all its
sons according to the older of Jehovah, just as
asu4:6
utensils into a covering of sealskinst and put
Jehovah had commanded Moss.
Zxu7:14 it upon a bar. IIAnd over the goldenm altaru
hi
Ex
3:1Jehovah now spoke to M ~ s e sand Aaron,
EX %:a, they will spread out a cloth of blue and they
saying: "'"Therewill be a taking= of the
VEX25:s
must cover it with a covering of sealskinsv
sum of the sons of Ko'hath" from among the mg;;,3;;;o
wEx3k5 and put In its po1es.w
And they must take all
sons of Le'vi, according to their families in the G o 61:48
YEXB:~
the
utensilsy
of
the
ministry
with which they
house of their fathers, "ram thirtyd years" old Z C za:3
hru3:s
~
regularly minister In the sanctuary and they
upward to fifty years-Id, all those g ~ i n ginto ,~~~:~,
must put them in a cloth of blue and cover them
Or, "in the holy shekel." b "Bbekel~.~'Olnitted by MBain, hut
with a covering of sealslcfns and put them upon
mdded by LXX(B), SF,TOJ nnd Vg. * "A tnlring." This rerh in the
a bar.
Hebrew ia in the infinitive nhsolute, nnd llcncr ~rnpcr~onnl
nnd indefinite i l e ta time. ""Thirt~," MSamSyVg; "twenty-Dvc," L X X ,
a L I E r e i ~ ~going
n e in to do publia sen+ce,'qdXX
Co~lpnreh'umbers 8 :24.
registered ones came to be twenty-t\~othousand

,F$;.&

NUMBERS 4;13-20

440

13dnA"'
they must clear away the fatty
ashes of the altar^ and spread out a 130th sf e u 5 : l a
wod dyed reddish pr~rpleover it. l4 And they
must put upon i t dl its utensik with which they
regularly minister at it, the fire hojders, the
forks and the shovelsa ancI the b a ~ i n s a11
, ~ the
utensils of the altar;" and they must spread out A mg9
over it a covering of sealskins and put in its
:EX ma
poles.c'
15 "And Aaron and his sons must finish ,.
covering the sanctuary4and all the utensilse of *E$q?
the sanctuary when the camp is departing and
after t h a t the sons of Kdhath will. come in to ,$;$!;"
XU 1o:zi
I>? ? ' * ' I
carry them,' but they must not touch" the sanc- -1~1;
$;:2
tuary so that they have t o die.3These things are ;:<;)':i$
'
the loado of the sons of Korhath in the tent of ' ' x ~11:11
*NU 3:31
meeting,*
16 "And the oversight' of Ekle.afzar
the son ="ua'%
of Aaron the priest i s over the oil1 of the luml- IEE;;o
narym and the perfumed incensen and the cun- ~ n R x2:1:8
20:3
&ant grain3 offering1' and the anointin@ oil, a :Vu
NU 3 . i : ~ ~
the oversight of all the tabernacle and all that !:;;~?n;
is in it, namely, the sanctuary and its utensils." ;;,;.a;+
17 And Jehovah spoke further to Moses and rpl;#lo
Aaron, saying: I ' "Do not let t h e tribe of the b; $:h
families of the Ko'hath.ites be cut off from r1.x m:m
arneng the Levites.t I q u t do this for them that t?u1$,$2
they may indeed keep alive and may not die for
their appmaching the most holy things." Aaron llrJu4:4
and his sons will come in and they must assign
them each one to his senrice and to his load.
And they must not come in to see the holy

,:,

Or, "sash jags."

"borrls." LLXY adds to this !.erne : "Ant1

thq- will take a purple clot11 and mver the bniiin nnd i t e atand and
put it in n blue skin co~etingfind put it upon poles,"
b Or,

and so
thlngs for the least moment of
they have t o die.'Iv
2 1 Then Jehovah spoke to Moses, saying:
2w"~re will be a takingb of t h e sum of t h e
sons of Ger'shon," yes, them by the house of
1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ 8
S U J : ~ ~ fhejr
fathers according to their families.
33 From thirty years old upward t o fifty years
4:3
YOU will register them,y all who come to enter
1Ch 23:3 .
1n2ot h e service group to knenderservice in the
tent of meeting." " This is the service of the
t:g
lull $!:i3 Families of the Gefshon-ites as to serving and
I 4 14
as to carrying.& =b h d they must carry the
LNU 3 3
cloths9ol the tahrnacle and the tent of rneet;
In%; fts covering5 &and t h e sealskin coverhgx
'EX
I.:U 2
:~i:14
~ ' 7
*CY : t ; ; ~
that
is on top over it, and the screen* of the
Ntl 3.25
11.:~: w i n entrance of the tent of meeting, PB and the hangmF:u >ti:3U
Ings' of the courtyard and the entrance screenn
,
,l[l :
'R of the gate of the courtyard that is round about
,F:y:IK:n
the tabernacle and the altar, and their tent
NU :<zrt
r F : x s r , ~ f lcordsband all their service utensils," and all
I.:x 3R1H
I E X ~ : I : I R thing~:svithwhichcwork
1sregularlydone.Thus
NU 'I.?(i
must serve. PP At the order o f Aaron and
n l b : x * ~ : ~they
g
hls sons nll the service of the sons of the GerJshon.1tes should take glace as regards all their
nlCh24:Ig load. and all thelr service," and rou must assign
all their loads to them by obligation.4 2 T h i s is
the service of the families of the sons of the
r m a : B Ger'shon.ifesrin the tent of meeting, and their
obtigatoryn service is under t h e hand of Ith'a"0 f':l
mart the son of A w n the priest.
t s u B:!
29 "AS for the sons of Me.rdi,U you will
,?;$"?,3,
register them by their families in the house of
their fathers, From thirty years old upward

* Lit,itmnll;r, t'like ~rr~llowing[saliva] d o m ! '

b See verse 2, footnot@<* ''FYith wkich,ll LZS;"for [n-ith respect to] which," MStlrn.
"Ry obligation," YGam; '*by nome," I;-SX, aa in verse 3-7,

443

m you win register them, all who

enter intn the service group to render the sewn
Ilce of the tent of meeting." And this is their
to fifty y

3L

These were
thousand slx hundred and
the registered ones of the familks of the sons
of Ger'shon, all those serving in the tent of

YE!;&

obligation, their load," according to all their y;f?:s

at>20
service in the tent of meeting: the panel frarntlss1 r FA
1C.u 2di:26
of the tabernacle and its barsz and its pjll~rsdl.I,;,. ,,;..and its socket pedestals,# ,'%and the pillars' of :,:;:,.;./;;
the coustyal-d round abut: and their socket C,':ij;iimy
:;
pedestals" and their tent pins' and their tent '1':"I ~ ; Y ,li:IT
cords' together with all their equipment and all .yy;{ia:,
rn.\ - , :
2;:m
their service. And by their names you ivlll as- :J:T;v 27:1H
sign t h e equipment for which thcy are obligatttml,
as their load.' 33 This is the service of the fami-u,:" $&
l i e s of ofe sons of Me.rafil according to all their ;T, ",?;:g
sellrice in the tent of meeting, under the hnud
'Nu4:28
of IZl~'a.marthe son of Aaron the priest."nn
34 And Moses and Aaron and the chleftalns
of the assembly proceeded to register the sons
of the Ko'hathitesn by their famjlics and by;~; ; ; ;11
the house of their fathers, " horn thirty years NU 412
old upward to Mty years, all who entered into
the service group for t h e service in the tent of
meeting."" B d the ones registered of them by ;;r
their families came to be two thousand seven Nu .1:.40
n:3
hundred and fiftymS
37 These are the regrstered eNu 3:2q
ones of the families of the Kcr%hath.ltes,all those
sewing in the tent of meeting, whom Moses
and Aaron re,.istered"t
the order of Jehovah I 'NU3 : ~
by means of ILIosa.
38 As for the registered ones of the sons of
GelJshonU by their families and by the house uwus:al
of their lathers, 5 g from thirty years old upward
to fifty years, all who entered lnta the fiervice
group for the service in the tent of meeting,v rg,"4Q,:23
lU
the ones registered of them by their farniIies, K;; $:$
by the house of their fathers, came to be two N U S %

NUMBERS 4 : 4 1 4 :2

meeting, whom Mases and Aaron registered at

the order of 3ehovah.r
42 As for the registered ones of the families
mua:33
of the sons of Me.rar'ia by their families by the
house of their rathcrs, d Y from thirty years old
upward t o Afty years old, all those entering
into the service group for the service in the
tent of meeting,"' the ones registered of them
$&
YU 4:?!
by their f ~ m i l i e came
s
to be three thousand two
Nu 4 : h
N U . I : ~ ~bundr~d.~
4TThese were t h e registered ones of
Nu &26
(xu3;a.l the families of the sons of Me.rar'i, whom Moses
and Aaron registered at the o d e r of Jehovah
byU means
of~hloses.'
i
~
~
46 All the registered ones whom Moses and
Aaron and the cllicftains of Israel registered as
Levites by their fa mi lie^ m d by the house of
their fathem, Isfrom thirty years old upward to
mu46
Nu 4,W fifty years old,' all those coming t o render the
~ u 6 : m laborious service and the service of carrying
:$
;;:' Nu 4137 loads in the tent of meeting,' 'Vhelr registered
ones came to be efght thousand five hundred and
=~u3:39 eighty." 4*Atthe order of Jehovah they were
'Nu
NU k-11
4:n registeredn by means of Moses, each one accordxu 4:45 ing to his service and his load, and they were regiLe 18!45
5 Jehovah herd commanded Moses.'
NU 12:24 isterd just a
D e 2::8
2Ki S:27
And Jehovah spoke further to Moses, say2Ch 26-21
'Le l5:2
ing: "Cownand the sons of Drael that
2x11
12:lO
they send out of the camp every leprausver' i ~21:1
e
Le 22.4
mu 9 6 song and everyone having a running dischargeA
ki:j:& and everyone unclean by a deceased ~ o u l . b @

yc;l::g

Litcrall~,#%tthe order of Jehovah he r e g i s t 4 them,'' MSam.

LLiterdr, ' l ~ pa soul." Tbnt i s , a dead onr, M, nsph'e~ls; LSX,
pq.ch@'; Vg, '~som~one
dead."

445
Whether a male or a female YOU shouId send
them out. You should send them outside the
camp,' that they may not contaminateB the -2m
Re 21:27
7.3
camps of those in the midst of whom I am tent- 3x1119:a2
ing."" Immediately the sons of Israel did so "zg;fl
and they sent them outside the camp. Just as \;;FA;
Jehovah had spoken t o Moses, so the sons of P S ~ G : ~
Israel did.
5 And Jehovah continued speaking to Moses,
saying: "Speak to the sons of Israel, 'As for a
man or a woman, in case they should do any
of all the sins of mankind in committing an act
of unfaithfulness against Jehovah, then that
soula has become guilty.# ? A n d they must con- 2 Ei7
fessO*their sin that they have done, and he sPr a 1 3
must return the amount of his guiItOin its p ~ i n -22t,U,39
e ZG:~O
cipal, also adding a fifth of it t o it, and he must LJos
7:13
give it to the one against whom he did wrong."
=FS;?~
9 u t if the latter has no receiver of reparationb" Le ~ : 5
to whom to return the amount of the guiJt, the akt$:ig
amount of the guilt that is being returned to
Jehovaho belongs to the priest,c except the ram0 $$
of atonement with which he will make atoneSte 6:7
ment$ over him.
L C 7:7
9 " 'And every contributiona+of all the holy0
&;:::::
thingsw of the sons of Israel, which they will '
~
present to the priest, should become his." lo And @k
?;:;
the holy things of each one will remain his onn. Kg ;3
Whatever each one may give t o the priest, that Eze 44:m

;:

will become his.'

"

I1 And Jehovah went on to speak to Moses,

- IT, laep?feslt; L X X , psql.ekb';

soul,'^
Ry , naph'shrs, 01,"no
representative," generally the nearest mule relatire. Hebrew, go.eZf.
c ''The amount of the guilt that is heing returned t o Jehovah bel o n g t o the priest," XSamLXX; "they will give it to the Lord,
and it will be the prieet's,'! Tg,

NUMBERS 5 : 12-19

saying: l e "Speak t o the sons of Israel, and you

must say to them, 'In case any man's wife
should turn aside in that she has committed an

'

act of unfaithfulness against him," l a and another man has cohabited mith her and had an
emission of semen' and it has been concealed
N u 5:20
=Le 18:20 from the eyesofher husbando and hasremained
$;%jig undiscovered, and she on her part has defiIed
"u35:30
herself but there is no witnessa against her and
she herself has not been caught; and the spirit
A Y n 5:33
of jealousyd has passed upon him and he has
P~6:34
Z,"p"iG, become suspicious of his wife's laithh~lnessand
Cx~l11:2gshe in fact has defiled herself, or the spirit3 of
jealousy has passed upon him and he has beD N ~ B : lcome suspicious of his wife'sD faithfulness but
she in fact has not defiled herself; '"hen the
man must bring his wife to the priest and bring
her offering along mith her, a tenth of an e'phah
OLe 5:11
of barley flour.We must not pour oil upon it
clchg:2a nor put frankincenseC upon it, because it is a
7110
:NU 16:40 grain off wings of jealousy, a memorial0 grain
m u 1518 offering bringing iniquity" t o remembrance.'
'1K1 1 ,18
me 2 s : ~ 1 6 " 'And the priest must bring her forward
Heb 10:3
";C
.I
n.14 and make her stand before Jehovahml 7 And the
f~,",','~:,o priest must take holy water">"in an earthenware vessel and the priest will take some of the
2E$3,:,4
~ FNu23:10
~
8
duston
that happens to be on the floor of the
~ L 30.18
u
tabernacle and he must put it in t h e water.
*gb3z$
And the priest must make the womano stand*
c x u 31 17
*Le 27.8
before Jehovah and loosen the hair of the wornan's head3 and put upon her palms the memorial
OZ.,e +?;$
grain offering, that is, the grain offering of
$
,
"
&
A N U ~ : I ~ j e a I o u ~ y ,and
~ in the hand of the priest there
Xu 5:25
oxu 5:22 should be t h e bitter water that brings a curse.O
Nu 5:24
+>rt2 ~ ~ 6 3 19 '' 'Then the priest must make her swear*
9

g o 4:13
*Le 15%
Le 2 2 : ~

lLI-IoIywater," fiiSsrnTgS~;'6pure, fresh water," I;=.

447
and he must say to the woman, '"Hf no man has
cohabit4 with you and if while under your
husbandc3yuu have not turned aside in any uncleanness, be free of the effect of this bitter
water that brings a curse. '"ut
you, in case
you have turned aside while under your hushand-and in case you have defiled yourself and
some man has put in you his seminal emissionIn
besides your husband,-" " T h e priest m w t
now make the woman swear with an oathc involving cursing,* and the priest must say to the
woman: "May Jehovah set you for a cursing"
and an oath in the midst of your people by Jehovah's letting your thigh fall away, and your
belly svell." ?'And this water that brings a
curse must enter into your bo1vc3ls; to cause
your belly to srvell and the thigh
- t o fall R I V ~ Y , "
TO this t h e woman must say, "So be it! oVbe
it!'ln+
-m n:a
23 " %d the priest must writemtheae cursings In the book""and must wipemthem out into
the bitter water. " And he must make the woman drink the bitter water that brings a arrse,"
find the water that brings n curse must enter
into her as something bitter. '"Alid the priest
must take the grain offering* of jealousy from
the ~vornan'shand and wavez the grain offering:
lo and fro before Jehovah and he must bring it
near the altar. 26 Then the priest must grasp
some of the grain offering as a remelnhranccrA
of it and must make it smoke upon the altar,
and afterward he will make the wamnn drinlr:
the water. * 7 When he has made her drink the
water, then it must occur that if she hw clefiled herself in that she committed an act OF un-

Liternlly! '%en.!
a

hen!"

520

Ec -26

NUMBERS 5:28-6:5

faithfulness toward her husband,b then the water that brings a curse must enter into her as

something hitter and her belly must swell and

her thigh must fail away and the woman must
+ h @ : m become a cursing in among her people: '& However, if the woman has not cleflled herself but
she is clean, then she must he free from such
punishmente ~ n dshe must be made pregnant
;
"ps1129 with semen,'
29 " 'This is the lawP nbmt jealousy* where
*xu 53.4
oxu15:la
a
woman
may turn aside' while under her hus*Nu
NU 523
5:g
x ~ 5 : l s band3 and she does defile herself,
or in the
OR0 'i:2
case of a man where t h e spirit of jealousy may
pass upon him and he does stlspect hk wife of
unfaithfulneg~,and Ire must make the wife
stand before Jehovah and the priest mu~stcarry
out toward her all this law. " And the man must
$76
be innocent of iniquity;%ut that wife will anmver for her iniquity.' "
And Jehovah spoke further to Moses, saying: "'Speak to the sons of Israel and you
+ ~ ~ 1 3 : 5 must say to them, 'In case n man or a woman
$gl;j:z should take a special vow to live as a Naz'i.rite"
m uI O : ~ to Jehovah, %he should keep away from wineg
eLe
and intoxicating liquor.* He should not drink
pi- 31:a
Jr13:14
J e r 3 3 : ~ thevinegarof wineor thevinegarof intoxicatL U 1:13
ing
liquor,
~
~
~
3
3 nor drink any liquid made from
e3-u 33:m
grapes,; nor eat grapes either fresh or dried.
0xU29:1
All the daysG of his Naziriteship he should
not eat anything a t dl t h ~ ist made from the
m5 wine vine,"froin the unripe grapes to the skinsol
=:2
5 " 'All the days of the vow' of his Naziriteship no razor should pass aver his head;' until
the days that he should he separated to Jehovah
1
11:14 come t o the full he should prove holy by letting
a Or, 'Ftenfils.1'

*$it:57

449

the locks of the hair of his head grow, a All the

*,%:?;?

days of his keeping separate to Jellovnlr he may

*y;; 1t1:i8
not come toward any dead" soul,n3" KOeven -.XU
~ K 3
u1:m
lor his father or his mother9 or his brother or 3N Ll 12":12
his sister: may he defile himself when they dIe,' ;E:g;:
because the sign of his Kaziriteship to ills God
L;; 2J
is upon his head.
8 " 'All the days of his Naziriteship he is holy
to Jehovah." But in case anyone d y 1 n ~sllauld azcfia:lT
die quite suddenly alongside himAso thnt he Ilns t l ;
dcfilecl the head of his Nazjriteship, then he must $ i;;;:
sIznvc: his head' in the day of cstnblishlng pnc ?I:IZ
his purification, On the seventh day Ilc should
sl~rrveit. l%d on the eighth day he should 'kz ;&
Iring two tua8tledoves or t\vo malc pigcons t o 2 $fi
the priest to the entrance of the tenta of meet- " ~ e ~ ~ : ~ J l
ing.' And t I ~ epriest must handle one ns a sinQ:c2;gs
ofterinpmand the other as a burnt offering' nnd
mnlre atonementz for hirn, since he hns sinned
5,tu
I,c 1.1::jx
because of the soul.b Then he must sand fryc IUC
.?L:S1
his head on that day, lY
And he must live as a
Naz'l.riteS to Jehovah for the days of hfis NazL ?
' :&%
riteship, and he must bring a young rnm In its %f?<i
first year as a guilt: offering,* and the former 1 E?5n.G.?1
days will go uncountedC beeawe he defiled his ; I;?:,
Naziriteshi~.~
1=
13 " 'KQ~V
this is the law a b u t the Naztl.rlte:
On the day that the days of his NazIriteshfp
2tCB
come to the full," he will bring ItVto the entl'ance of the tent of meeting. "And he must
present as his offering to Jehovah one sound
a "llcntl soul," or, "~onl of someone dentl." 11, P I F ~ I E ' F R m
~ etk;

4A;!:

,x;i~

1 ,I. .*.I,

SF,%nu1 o f thp dead''; L X X , 'rdcccnncd ~ m u l[lls?y.rltC' t~.ta+Tcw.tl:ktri'a] " ; Vr, '"o~ileone d~ad.!'b ''The eoiil," That i ~
the,nllove tlrad
0 1 1 ~AT.
.
hnrr-s~ph%es;t; LAX??,hh.~pqt.cl~t:'j l7p, "POHICD~O d~fid,''
Liturnfly, "hip XazGb-Lp has hcmuw unclerru2'
hi.%unkhoru brad of his SnziritPeBip.

"It,'7t111tis,

NUMBERS 6 :1%21

'yotmgram in Its flmt year as a burnt offeringP

and one soltnd female lamb in its first year as a
'h4:32
sin offering"and one sound ram as a cornrnun"xu 10:lQ ionc offering,'
and a basket of unfermented0
r XU
'Le 3:6
ring-shaped
cakes
of finc flour,' moistened with
,t e 8:2
I oil," and unfermented wafers srnsarccl with oil,*
ELze:g
;l and their g a i n offering" and their drink" offer9,d
ings.&Is T11en the priest must present them be*Le 2.4
~ L 2:1
Q
fore Jehovah and render up his sin offering and
CWu 15:5
t Le i:3
his burnt offering,' " And hc will rendcr up the
'Le 3'2
ram as a communion sacrjflce' t o Jcllovah aIang
~ 4 t hthe basket of unfermented cakes, and t h e
'Le 2:9
1 priest, must render up its grain offerinp and its
drink offering.
18 " 'And the Nnz'l-rite must shave' the head
wxu
acIs:ls
65
. ~ c z l : x of his Nazirlteshlp at the entranm of the tent
of meeting, and he must take the hair of the
head of his Knziriteship ~ n put
d it upon the
fire t h a t is under the communion sacrifice.
=Ls8:31
l o The priest must now take a boiledg shoulder
from the ram and one unfermented ring-shaped
cake out of the baslret, and one unfermented
'Ex29:23 Itvafer,. and put then? upon the palms" of the
LEx m24
Le ~ : 2 i Naz'i-rite after he has had the sign of h b Naziriteship shaved off. "' And the priest must wave
cNalS:U them to and fro as a waver offering before
Jehovah." It is something holy for the priest,
~e 10:15 along with the breastr of the ~vaveoffering and
t Uu 1S:lg
-Le 7:34
the leg of the contribution.' And afterward t h e
Naz'i-rite
Ega?ji:,7:, may drink wine.O
'NU I6:2
B,S
21 " 'This is the Iaw about the Na~"~r1te"
who
vows
an
offering
to
Jehovah
on
hjs
part
together
;x,l;;
with his flaziriteship, besides that which he can
*E=z:W
afford.* According to his vow that he may
make, so he should do because of the law of his
Naziriteship.' "
thp10

,,

22 Then Jehovah spoke to Moses, s~ying:

451
'DC 8:17

,?,

,,,:,,

: 1 8 1 . ~ ~

nt1:x 2;::
service."
6 So Moses accepted the wagons and the
oxen nnd gave them La the Levitcs. T w o wagons and Pour oxen he gave to the sons of GelJshon in proportion to their service," and four 'N,U,3,j2,3,
wagons and eight oxen he gave t o the sons of

Me.r&i 1n proportfon to their service,' tmder

the handa of 1th'a.mar the son of Aaron the
"xu 433 priest.' But to the sons of KdRat11 he gave
none. because t h e service of the sanctuary was
>sU 3-31
.
.- ,:-.-- lupon t h e m c They dld their carrying on the
'253 623 should@~,*
ll'h 15:13
1Ch 23:26
10 NOW
the chjeftains made their presents0
1
!
:
1
8:G3
:olT:S tion ata the inaugurntionG of the altar on the
day of its being nnointcd, nncl the chieftains
&:$!:
c.:U
proceeded tsi6h prcscnt ing their offeringo before
t h e altar.
So Jchovah said to Moses: "One
chieftain on one day and another chieftain on
another day is the way they will present their
*;co~:g
offering ior the innug~mtionof the altar."'
,WUI:T
su 2:s
12Wow the oaepr~scntinghis offeringon
the first day proved to be KahtshanUthe son of
:.:t l
RU
4 :: ~ ~
c?:~ 10.14 Am.minla.dab of the tribe of Judah.*dnA"'
'Ex 2529
EX G
his offering was one silver dish,* its weight beEzr 1:9
LRG1727 ing a hunctred and thirty shekels,\' one silvero
oLzr i:10
Jer 52:lg basinODof seventy shekels by the shekeln of the
Pa 5:2
sanctuary, both of them full of Ane flour moiswith oil for a grain offering~~one goldg
; ;gAErc 3023
zi; tened
cupd'
of ten shckels, full of incense;05 one
Le 2i:3
~ e x : Eyormg bull, one ram, one male lamb in its first
ELe 2.1
-EY~;?I~
yew, for a burnt offering;" l U one kid of the
1Ki 7 :%
e E n 3 0 : ~ goats for a sin offering;" ':and for a mmun. & ion' sacrifice tivo oxen, Ave rams, five he-goats,
Eve male Iarnlx each a year old. This was the
1:s
offering
of Nahkhon the son of Am.rnin'a.dab."
N u 2.5
511ln:15
18
On
the second d ~ NeRthan'elb
y
the son of
osu 10:15
Zu'ar, the cl~ieftainof I~'sa.chnr,~
madc
a presE??
LX 37:16
2a5:29
entation, lDEIepresented as his offering one
*su 7:13
silver di~t.1,~
its weight being a hundred and
F;ZC 1:10
thirty shekels, one silver bssin' of seventy shek91$::$
six
NU 4.31

"Speak to Aaron and his sons, say in^, 'Thh

is the way YOU should bless3* the sons of Israel, ~ ; ~ ~ 1 ~ : : 9
(:n 2,:3
sayinga to them:
CC ,l9i::!0
?3

24 "May Jehovah bless youg and keep you.& ki!l"$i

*"'May Jehovah mnlte his face shine j:~f\i;'
toward you- and may he favor
;;:l~l:;,(?~
"Mny Jehovah lift up his face toward you" ,kyL!f:7;
:I?L
~4
and assign peaceGt o you," t 8
I ,I 1'1I:R
" A n d they must place my name' upon the sons "1;:.Ihrh 17:ll
of Israel that I myself may bless them.":
11% 1 3
Now it came about on the day that Moses I 'f:;
finished setting up the tabernaclen that he ;;;M;&
4:
proceeded t o anoint it' and to sanctify It and "i>..
1's b : ~ . m
all its furnishingsb and tbe altar and all its uten- ails
sils. Thus he anointed them and sanctified them.'
i?:;
' Then Ihe chieftains3 of I ~ r a e l the
, ~ heads of "kz !:f,
the house of their fathers, made a presentat ion ,' :$,?;!:
thcy being the chieftains of the tribes ~ n standd
,;:; $;iAIT;{
Ing over tbe ones registered, ' and they brought PAt '-3 :;'(>SLY
their offering before Jehovah, six covercd wag- pq 11>:12
: ll!l 1"3
ons and twelve oxen, a wagon' for two chid- :11s:1
c:.;
tnins nnd an ox for each one, and they presented
!;:;
them before the tabernacle. At this Jehoralt
said to Moses: "Accept them from them," as -;,!:?!;9
thcy must serve for carrying on the service of .!:, 3: n
L h "4"U
the tend of meeting, and you must give them ta 12r:h
"<:s
tlre L ~ v i t e s ,each
~ one in proportion t o his own - NXu,u 717...~40

NUMBERS 7:-19

I#

I
.

ItAt,lt in agreement wit11 LXSTTg,which rend ''for". b"6hekdsiP

Ox, '%OWL" d Or, ''sru~i31hoN%"

K'g.

NUMBERS 7;20-435

452

els by the shekel* of the sanctuary, both of them

full of fine flour moistened with ai1 for a main
offering;' '"one gold cup" of ten shekels, full of
incense;. 21 one young bull, one ram, one mnle
lamb in its first year, for a burnt offering;'
=' one kid of the goats for a sin offering;! =%d
for a eammunionmsacrifice t\m oxen,five rams,
five he-goats, five male I m b s each a year old.
This was the offering of Ne.than%l the son of

453

1'

N u 10:18

uNu 1:6
S U 2:12
Y EY E:29
En 37:16
Ezr 1:9

wEzr 1:10
Jcr 52 19
Dn 5.2
yEx 30:13

Le 2T:3
t e 27:25
Y.Le 2:1
LET 3i:f6
I!iI 7:50

Zu'ar."
24 On the third day there was the chfeft~in
for the sons of Zeb%u.lun,' E.li'abr the son of
He'lon. His offering was one silver dSsh,e its
weight being a hundred and thirty shekels, one
silver bsint of seventy shelcels by the stlebteltl
of t h e sanctuary, both of t h m full of fine flour
moistened with oil for a grain offering;'' *%one
gold cupWof ten shekels, full of incense;y one
young hull, one ram, one male l ~ m bin its flrst
year, for a burnt offeringlZ :a one lcid of the
goats for a sin offering;" ""and
for a comrnunion4 sacrifice two oxen, five rams, five he-goats,
five male lambs each a year old. This was the
onering of E.li'ab the son of He'lon:
30 On the fourth day there was the chieft~in
for the sons of Reu'ben? E-litmPthe son of
Shed'e.ur. Wis offering was one silver dish,'
i t s weight being a hundred and thirty shelrels,
one silver basin* of sevenf y shekels by the shekel" of the sanctuary, both of them full of fine
flour moistened with oil for a grain offerfng;'
)uone gold cup1of ten shekels, Cull of Incense;ln
3 9 n e young bull, one ram, one male lamb In
Its first year, for a burnt 0ffering;n3"ne kid of
the goats for a sin offering;' " and for a corn.
munionq sacrifice hvo oxen, five r a m , five he.

EEx 30.34
+LP1:3
W e 423
Le 3:l

*Xu 154

2:14

xu 1o:m

1I

OEx 25:29
Ex 3716
Ezr 1:9
1 Nu 7
:3

Jer 52:19

Ezr 1:10

DR 5:2

niEx 333:
LC 2;:3
LC X:25

nLe 2 1
~ E X:16
Y
lkil 7 5 0
e E v m:34

tLe 1:3

11Le4 2 3
I

I
1

VLC3:1
ITNU 1:14
yNu 1:10
h'u 2%

xu 10:22

1Ch7:26
13:X
rcEv 25:Zg
Ex 37:16
Gxr 1:9

CYu

723
Ezr 1:10

Axu

J e r 52:19

Dtt 5:2

NUMBERS 7: 36-49

goats, Ave male Imos each a year old. This

was the offering of E-Iirmrthe son of Shed'e-~r.~
36 On the fifth day there wvw the chiefffain
for the sons oi Sim'e.onPoShe.lu"mi.eluthe son

of Zu.d.shadYdal.Rt His off~rlngwas one silver

dish,v its wejght being a hundred and thirty
shekels, one silver hnsinw of seventy shekels by

the shekely of the sanctuary, both of them full

of Ane flour moistenecl wit11 oil for a grain offering;" a8 one gold cup" of ten d ~ ~ k e lfull
s , of incense;d ""one young bull, ane ram, one male
lamb h its flrst year, for a burnt offering;'
one kid of the goats for a sin obering;"'%and
far a communion' sacrifice two oxen, five rams,
five he-goats, five male lamb3 each a year old.
This was the offering of She.lutmi.elthe son of
Zu.ri.shad'dal."
42 On the sixth day there was the chieftain
for the sons of Gad, EPli'asaph' the son of
Deu'el. His offering was one silver dish,= its
weight being a hundred and thirty shekels, one
silver basin! of seventy shekels by t h e shekelm
of t h e sanctuary, both of then1 fulI of Ane flour
moistened with oiI for a grain offering;" 'Wne
gold cupr of ten shekels, full of incensefm4S one
young bull, one ram, one male lamb in its %t
year, for a burnt offe~-hg;t4aone kid d the
goats for a sill offerjng;ll and for a communionv sacrifice two oxen, Rve rams, Ave he-goats,
five male lambs ench a year old. This was the
offering of E.li'a.s~p11
the son of Deurel,w
48 On the seventh day there was the chieftain for the sons of Erpt~rabim,"
E.lish%.maYthe
son of Am-mi'hud. His offering was one silver
dish," its weight being a hundred and thirty
shekels, one silver basinAof seventy shekels by

NUMBERS 7:66-79
the shekelo of the sanctuary, both of them full 'Fg;J>
of fine flour moistened with oil for a grain oflcr- - 1-01 . ~2;:n2!
ing;* one gold cupa of ten shckels, full of in- :;m~
cense;' " one young bull, one ram, one male .I.;Y
lamb in its fimt year, for rz burnt oflering;" * 1 ~ 1 : 3
*L*4!*
?%one );id of the goats for a sin offering;' d % ~ d
3:1
Par a communion" sacrifice t ~ v ooxen, five rams,
five hc-goats, five male lambs endl a year old.
This was the offering of E.lish'ama the son of

$:?41

I N Ul:tO
Arn.rni'hud,'
54 On the eighth day there was the chieftain
for the sons of Ma.nas'seh,; Ga.rna'1 i-elm the son ; ~ ; U ~ j ~
of P&dah'zur. His offering was one sllver
?;?,
dish," its weight being a hundred and thirty 17 EX 2; .n
shekels, one silver basinr of seventy shekels by ?r'i'i'i
Ihc shekels of the sanctuary, b ~ t hof them full '
2:,3:$,
of flne flour moistened with oil for n grain offeran one gold cupu of ten shekels, full of in~;;;;;;;3
cenSe;v 6 7 one young bull, one rRm, one mnle
ziizs
lamb In it9 first year, for a burnt offering;" L;;
LIP:< :l;;ro
&"one kid of the goats for a sin oMerfng;P OQnd v+E!$j;?4
for a cornm~~nisnz
sacrifice two oxen, fvc rams, ;,L,p$?3
five he-goats, five male lambs each R year old. e L c m 3
This was the offering of Ga.malli.elthe son of
nxu 130
Pe.clah'nrr.'
60 On the ninth day there was the chieft~in,.
for the sons of Benjamin. Ab'i.dan4 the son of
f h ~
Gld+e.o'ni.B"His
offering was one sllver dish,' * I . X 2:(:29
I.> 7". I C1
its weight being a hundred and thirty ahelcels, ;i;o
one silver basins of seventy shekels by the shelc- 'c:r'j,:;A
el' of the sanctuary, both of them full of fine
flour moistened with oil for a grain offering:* '2,gL;3
]%one gold cup" of ten shekels, full of incense;" ~ o ~ i : z a
el-8 ?:I
u%~ieyorlng bull, one ram,one male lamb in Its -I:% a 7 . m
;:SO
first year, for a burrrt offering;' one kid of L K l 30;!4
the goats for a sin off ering;m t%d for a corn- A!:;244'Z3
j5

;:

,:,,
;;

munionn sacrifice two oxen, five rams, five hegoats, Ave male lambs each FI year old. This rxTas
the offering of Abfi.c1an the son of Gid.e-~'ni.~
66 On the lenth day there was the chieftain
for
the sons of Dan, A.hi.~'zerVtheson of AmTu 2.25
a
mi.sharl'dai, ur HJs offering was one silver dish,'
tEu 25.23
Ex 37:16 its weight being a Imndred nnd thirty shekels,
Ezr 3'8
one silver basin" of s e v ~ i ~ st ly~ e k ~by
l s the- shelr,lNui:13
el^ of the sanctuary, hot11 of ihcm full of fine
sy;
;
&
l
:
,
O
,
Da5:2
fiottr m o i s t c n ~ dwith oil ~ O Ya grdn
VEX30:13
LC 2T:3
one gold cupy of ten shekels, full of incense;"
LC 2725
c3 one young bull, one ram, one male lamb in its
L 1
y Ex 33:16
I K I . ; : ~ first year, for a ba11n2offering;" T''one kid of
the goats for a sin ~ f f e r i n g ;"~and for a cornf?jM
ILe4:z
munion'
sacrifice two oxen, five rams, five he-Le3:1
goats, five male lambs each a year old. This was
the offering of A.hi.e'zcr the son of Am.mi<Nu l:12
sha#dai,@
72 On the eleventh day there was the chieftain for the sons of Ash'er, Pa'gbel"the son of
"pu2g
N ~ l O : 2 6 Och'r~ln. T 5 His offerjng was one silver dish,'
*Ex 2528
~
~ 163 its
7 weight being a hundred and thirty shekels,
Ezr 1 9
*XU7:i3 one silver basin' of seventy shekels by the shek,I3& of the
sanctuary,
both of them full of fine
~
~
~
~
g
:flour
moistened
with
oil for a grain off~ring;~
,E
g.,
Le27:3 .7ronegold cupm of ten shekels, full ~fincerase;~
ZeZi25
1h2.i
one young bull, m c ram, one male lamb in its
mEx 3r:16
1r;i ;:so
first year, for a burnt offering;' :"on kid of the
n E x 39.34
goats for a sin o f f ~ r i n g 7T
; ~and for a commun!.Le 1:3
iont sacrifice t r ~ moxen,Rve rams, RVE he~goats,
five male lambs each a year old, This was the
\-XU1 : ~offering of Pakglel the son of 0ch'ran.U
uNul:m
78 On the twelfth day there was the chief1324 tain for the sons of N~ph'ta.li,~
A.hi'rav the son
JvEx
FX 37:16
=:xiof Ekan. His offering was one silver dishZw
m1:9
its weight being a hundred and thirty shekels,
"b3:1

'jS

'

zz

457
one siIver basiny of seventy shekels by the shek- ~
~
P
~
elz of the sanctuary, both of them full of fine $;5"419
flour moistened with oil for a grain offering;'
Z E ; ~ ?
So one gold cup" of ten shekels, full of incense;+ Le 2 7 : ~
g1 one young bull, one ram, one male lamb in its 4&2,;:16
first year, f o r a burnt offering;' one kid of the%
$:;,
goats for a sin offering; ' a3 and for a cornmun&::;;;:*LB 3:i
ion* sacrifice two oxen, five rams, five he-goats,
five male lambs each a year old. This was the
-NU1 : ~
offering of A-hi'ra the son of Ernan.*
84 This was the inauguration offeringn of the
2":
dtar on the day of its being anointed, on the ~ T ~ T : T O
part of the chieftains of I s ~ a e l twelve
:~
silver 4$s52:r4
dishes, twelve silver basins,O twelve gold cups; Ne 3:9
S%
hundred and thirty shekels t o each silver t S u7.13
dish, and seventy to each basin, all the silver
of the vessels being two thousand four hundred
shekels by the shekel of the sanctuary;' the
$?;:I
twelve gold cupsa hll of incense being ten shekels respectively to a cup by the shekel of the sanctuary, all the gold of the cups being a hundred
and twenty shekels; all the cattle fortheburnt
offering-being twelve bulls, twelve rams, tweIve *NU 7:15
male lambs each a year old and their grain" nNu7:13
offerings, and twelve kids of the goats for a
sin ~ f f e r i n g ; " ~and all the cattle of the corn- * N U T : I ~
rnunion" sacrifice being twenty-four bulls, sixty 3xu7:17
rams, sixty he-goats, sixty male lambs each a
year old. This was the inaugurationA offering ;;d
of the altar after its being anointed.
89 Now whenever Moses went into the tent y?:iy7
of meeting to speak with hirn,O then he would
hear the voiceRconversing with him from above +g;;:~~
LE 1.i
the cover3' which was upon the Ark" of the E%",hAa;\l

z;c

+E

Exy:;;

"The voice," 31SarnTTg8~;"the voice of Jeho~ah," L X X . See

Deuteronomy 18 : 5, footnotea.
a

NUMBERS 8 :1-11

testimony, from between t h e two cherubslmand

he
would speak to him.
1Ki 6:23
Ps 80:l
And Jehovah proceeded t o speak to Moses,
saying: "Speak to Aaron, and you must
ma33
say t o him, 'Whenever you light up the lamps,"
clKl749
X ~ 2 5 : 3 7 the seven lamps should shine on the area in
2 gii5 front of the lampstand,' "C" "And Aaron began
to do SO. He Iit up its lamps for the area in front
f;y:9,:05
9:2
of the lampstand,' just as Jehovah had com*Ex 2331
EL 3 1 : ~manded
~
Moses, "Now this was the workmanEX 2x9
cx 25.40 ship of the lampstand. It was hammered work
of gold. Up t o its sides and up to its b'tossoms
it was hammered work.* According to the viEzk
,
;
i
;
A E 1~9 ~ 4 sion' that Jehovah had shown Moses, so he had
Ps 26:6
made the lampstand. gaoy;l
Jas4:8
5 And Jehovah spoke further to Moses, sayFLe 8:6
LC 1 4 : ~ ing :
"Take the Levites from among the sons
E;.c 36:25
31.h 9.u of Israel, and you must cleanse them.* And
SEX14:s
*Le
I~:IO this is what you should do to them to cleanse
k~ :g!is them : Spatter sin-cleansing water upon them,"
&Jer 4 ?: ~ and they must shave all their flesha+and wash
their garmentse and cleanse themselves." Then
385 4:E
RP 7 : ~they must take a young bull* and its grain offer*Le 1 : 3
* ~ e 2 : 1 k g ' of fine flour moistened with oil, and you
will take another young bull for a sin offering.'
1?:41:5'
And
the h v i t e s before the
~
~
~ you
~ must
1 present
0
tent
of
meetingm
and
call
all the assembly of
,2:EL
;%21,m:12
the
sons
of
Israel
together."
l o And you must
nLe 8:s
rLe 1.4
present
t
h
e
Levites
before
Jehovah,
and t h e
Ac 6:6
. 4 ~ 1 3 : 3 sons of Israel must layr their hands upon the
Levitesasl1 And Aaron must cause the LRvites
1 ~45:22
1Ti
:14
i
F2:2":2"4 f~ move to and fro before Jehovah as a wavet
offering from the sons of Israel, and they must
Y;iL2* serve for carrying on the service of Jehovahu

",g,"g:,
l s a 4:4
~

:~~~~~~

Literally, "they must came

et

rszor to pass

eyer

all their flesll."

459

l2 "Then the Levites will lay their hands upon

I
t h e heads of the bulls.v After that, render up the TE:l%:F
one as a sin offeringw and the other as a burnt of- -A-NU6 : ~
fering to Jehovah t o make atonementy for the YLel:"
Levites. l8 And you must have the Levites stand
before -4aron and his sons and must cause them
t o move to and fro as a wave offering to Jehovah." And you must separate the Levites from ZNU18:6
among the sons of Israel, and the Levites must
become mine.' l5 And aftenvard the Levites rviIl J N ~ z a
come in t o serve at the tent of meeting." So you
must Cleanse them and cause them to move to
29:24
and f ro as a wave offering.@ For they are given
I
ones," given to me from among t h e sons of Israel.' In place of those opening all wombs, all the -NU
first-born of the sons of Israel," you must take jNU3:12
them f o r me. l7 For every first-borno among the me
sons of Israel is mine, m o n g man and among
beast.* On the day of my striking every first- 'g:t&
L u 223
born in the land of Egypt4 I sanctified them t o ,
-LX
, 12:29
myself.'
I shall take the Levites in place g; yi5;6
of dl the first-born among the sons of Israel.' PS 135:8
Heb 1l:B
l o And I shall give the Levites as given onesR t o *Ex 13:X5
Aaron and his sons from among the sons of Is- E;i?i3j't
rael to carry on the service of the sons of Israel p,"by%y9
in the tent of rneetingP and to make atonement 3 N ~ 3 : 1 2
for the sons of Israel, that no plagueo may occur $$;
among the sons of IsraelVecause the sons of ,&;1?
Eze .1-1:11
Israel approach the sanctuary."
(Nu1.53
20 And Moses and Aaron and all the assem- NU 1 6 : M
bly of the sons of Israel proceeded t o do so to f;'s"8.?:159
t h e Levites. In accord with all that JehovahC -NU
had commanded Moses as regards the Levites,
that is the way the sons of Israel did t o them.
So the Levites purified themselves*and washed 'NU 19'12
a "Given oms," 31,n~h-a.9em'i~ h i c is
h related to the title h'ethri.nim.

AFh%z:,

,,,,:,,

cNUE:13
^N~8:la
"N~8:15

2Ch 30:15

$g

NUMBERS 892-9:5

their garments, after ~vhichAaron caused them

t o move t o and fro as a wave offering before
Jehovaha and Aaron made an atonementc f o r
them t o cleanse them." " First after that the
Levites came in t o carry on their service in the

tent of meeting before Aaron and his sons."

Just as Jehovah had commanded Moses respect-

ing the Levites, so they did to thern.

23 Jehovah now spoke to Moses, saying;
a ''This is what applies t o the Levftes:& From
twenty-five years old upward he will come to
enter into the company in the service of the tent
'Nu4:3
1Ch 23:s of meeting." ""But after the age of fifty years
?Ch =:13 he will retire from the service company and
mu4:a3 serve no longer." "%nd he rnust minister to his
"De1;16 brother^^ in the tent of meeting in taking care
of the obligation, but he must render na service.
In accord with this you will da to the Levites in
153
their obligations."+
Nu 332
Nu 15:4
And Jehovah proceeded t o speak to Moses
Nu 31:30
1Ch 23:32
in the wilderness of Si'nai in the second
Eze .;1:9
Eze .ll:ll year of their coming out of the land of Egypt,
in -the first month,* saying: a "'Now the sons of
'E::i2
2 ~ Israel
6
sllould prepare the passowr3 sacrifice at
" x U B : 2 its appointedo time.@a On the fourteenth" day
23:ll
SEX 123 in this month between the two evenings= YOU
Es12:6
should prepare it a t its appointed time. AccordLe 2 3 5
XU m s
ing t o all its statutes and aU its regular proceDe 1 6 3
Jos a:lo dures YOU should prepare it.";
2Ch 35:1
Ezr 6.19
4 So Moses spoke to the sons of IsraeI to preIIr 14:3 2
LU mrs pare the passover sacrifice. Then they pre1CO 5:7
aei~33:2 pared the passover sacrifice in the first month,
2Ch .%:I5
=EX i::8
on t h e fourteenth day of the month between the

--

arcThis is the lam for the Eevites;'

footnoted.

VgSy.

See Exodus 12:6,

NUMBERS 9 :6-13

460

two evenings, in the wilderness of Si'nai.* According to a11 that Jehovah had commanded

*J"s5:10
I

We1734

Moses, so the sons of Israel did.O

6 Now there happened to be men who had
become unclean by a human soula* so that they
were not able to prepare the passover sacrifice y;h6;z:Z8
on that day. Hence they presented themselves
before Moses and Aaron on that day.O Then ' t ~ ; ~ f : : ~ ~
those men said t o him:" "We are unclean by a N u l5:33
human soul." Why should we be restrained from
presenting the offering* to Jehovah at its ap- *EE:T
pointed time jn the midst of t h e sons of Israel?"
I
At this Moses said t o them: "Standl there, and x; ;o+n
let me hear what Jehovah may commmd rea& 39:3z

garding YOU."^
9 Then Jehovah spoke t o Moses, saying:

ge$::5

lo
"Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, 'Although any man of YOU or of POL% generations
should happen to be unclean by a soulc" or off xk.",2;gl
on a distanta journey, he too must prepare the YJ,~~;;:,
passover sacrifice to Jehovah, "In the second
month, on the fourteenth day between the two
evenings, they should prepare it." Together with *;g$ %+&
unfermented cakes and bitter greens they
should eat it.': laThey must not let any of it 3"lz:a
remain until r n ~ r n i n gand
, ~ they should break j :s2 $
!!
no bone in it.Uccording to t h e whole statute GJ"&&;?f
of the passover they should prepare it.' la But +EX ia:43
when the man was dean or did not happen to

''Humnn E Q ~ . ' ) T h ~ tis, a dead one. MSam, fiephTes7t a.dam'j

LXX, pssync7z2' an,th~o'potc; Sy, "soul of z m ~ n " ; Tg, of?ri.mo
AoJmi.wis. b "Him," 3ESam; ''them,'! L,XX(A) SyTg. c "Soul." That
is, a dead one. M, tzephf.eak; L X X , psy.ch8'; Yg, a'nd.ma, "Distant." In RT the Sopherim marked thls mord with an e x t r n o r d i n q
point in order to indicate it should be onlitted. Distance dia not
matter, espociall~out there in the wilderness of Si'nai. See hTumb e r ~3 :39, footnoteb,
a

exu
PS &:a
27:5

I
I

EX 12:15

461
NUMBERS 9 :14-20
be off on a journey and neglected to prepare
the passover sacrifice, then that soula must be

cut off from his people,@because the offering of

did not present at its appointed
time. For his sin that man will mswer."
Oyu35:15
14 " 'And in case a temporary3 residentm
CXu 15,14
should be residing with YOU for a while, then
he must prepare the passover sacrifice t o JehoAccording to the statute of the passover
:E;;;;Oah."
P EX i2:44 and according to its regular procedure is the
LC 21 221
he should do." There shouId exist one
~ ~ 3 i . 1way
5
gg I5:l3 statute for YOU people, both for the temporary
resident and for the native" of the land.'
"Egg;& 15 Now on the day of setting up the taberQ5u12:10 nade" the cloud3 covered the tabernacle of the
;:,
:9:,:" tentg of the TestimonyJ0but in the evening what
appeared t o be fire' continued over the taberKAin
x e 9:12
nacle until morning. lG That is the way it went
PS 105:39
ICOIO:I on constantly: The cloud would cover it by day,b
31:23
9x1111:9 and the appearance of firea by nightoml7And
+ E ~ 1 3 : 2 1 whenever the cloud would go up from over t h e
Ex 40:38
WEX 13:s
tent, the sons of Israel would pull awayc right
De 1:33
Ke s:rn
afterward," and in the place where the cloud
Ps 7 8 9 4
40:3(i tvwld tent, there is where the sons of Israel
133
A t t h e order of JehovahGthe
#Ex 3314 would encamp.'
E X ~ D sons
: ~
of Israel would pull away,c and at the or*EXIT:I
der of Jehovah they would encamp.Ql1 the
NU 10:13
days that the cloud would tent over the tabernacle they would remain encamped. %
l A
n
d
when
the cloud prolonged its stay over t h e tabernacle
mu1:52 many days, t h e sons of Israel also kept their
A2?i:19obligation t o Jehovah that they should not pull
';"z,"ii21away." 20 And sometimesfithe cloudA would conL~ 11:4

.b~i:i,1~ Jehovah he

z;e%;4;,

:::::

'jO

"Soul." 31, nepk'esh; L n J p8pcherj JTgt~~.'ma-llla.6''By d a ~ , "

though not. in USom, is added by LXXSyVgTJ. Or, "-rvould depart," or, "break camp!"
"Literally, "And it ocours that."

NUMBERS 9 :21-10 :6

462

tinue a few days over the tabernacle. At the

order4 of Jehovah they would remain encamped
and at the order of Jehovah they would pull

2:10
2:18

'a1a:23

away.&"They should blow a fluctuating blast for

each time one of them p u k away,
m-u 14::
*Joe 2 3 5
7 "NOWwhen calling the congregationo t o cJoe2:1
~ c 13:12
h
gether YOU should blow,* but YOU must not
sound a fluctuating
%d Aaron's sons,
the
priests,
should
blow
on
the trumpets$ and
<;S,y:$,
the
use
of
them
must
serve
as
a statute for m
;EL ;;:f2 men to time indefinite during YOUR
OJg 2:1s
generations.
J g 3:27
Jg 6:Y
9 "And in case YOU should enter into war3
mh'hu 32:6
oxu W : B in YOUR land against the oppressorg who is
+Jg 7:16
J~ 7:20 harassing YOU,^ then when YOU have sounded a
,"G74'."j2war call on the trumpets* YOU will certainly be
remembered before Jehovah YOUR God and be
lch 1 s : ~saved from ~ c n menemies."
2Ch 6:12
10 "And in the day of YOUR gladness" and in
zEg
&626
E"3:10
your
festal seasonsn and at the comrnencemenB
h-e12.35
#Le 2312.k of YOUR monthso YOU must blow on the h m LC 23:9
*Ps81:3
pets over YOUR burnt offerings1 and your corn, ~ their use must s e n e
0x11
1Nu 15:s
23:11 muniond s a ~ r i f i c e s and
as a rnemorialbl~for YOU before YOUR God. I am
Ex 30:'6
Jehovah YOUR
Jos 4:'i
11 Now it came about that in the second
ssu 1:1
g;l
year, in the second month, on the twentieth day
in the month,a the cloud lifted itself from over
LpX
;~.i6
g11"$9'S the tabernacle of the Testirnonynt l e And the
sons of Israel began to pull away in the manner
; ;9, ,
N,
N 12:18
,
:
,
of their depnrtures from the wilderness of Si'nai,Ou and t h e cIoud proceeded to tent in the
dnA"'
they began pulling
gtbZ!;;wflderness of Pa'ranav
Nu 2:25

away. " And sometimesa the cIoud would continue from evening t o morning, and the cloud
lifted itseIf in the morning and they pulled
away. Whether it was by day or by night that
the cloud lifted itself, they also pulled away.- '3u$0iy
*' Whether it was two days or a month or more
daysb during which the cloud prolonged its slay
over t h e tabernacle by tenting over it, the sons
of Israel remained encamped and would not pull
I
away, but when it lifted itself they would pull
away.* a s At the ordw of Jehovah they would
;j;
encamp and at the order of Jehovah they would PS m 1 4
pull away. They kept their obligation' to Jeho- 'g::;:
vah at the order of Jehovah by means of Moses.' sg;g2a
And Jehovah proceeded to speak to
Moses, saying: ? "Make for yourself two
trumpetsc" of silver. You will make them of
hammered work, a d they must be at yous serv- Joe 2:15
1
ice for convening3 the assemblyo and for break- EG; Zii8
Le s13
2224
ing up the camps," When they have blown on 'PS
them both, then the whole assembly must keep Ee$k4 1
their appointment with you at the entrance of
the tent of meeting.* And if they should blow "g;
on just one, then the chieftains as heads of the De29:10
thousands of Israel must keep their nppoint(EX 18:21
ment with you.*
De I:=
5 "When YOU men have blown a fluctuating EJ $;2~
blast,' then the camps of those camping to the SOS 18:si
easta must pull away. W h e n YOU have blo~vn+?E&?iL2
a fluctuating blast a second time, then the

I "

10

;+::

,e;22,::

a Literally, "And it occurs that." b LiteraIlg, "or days." Tg, "or a

longer time." Straight trumpets, in contrast v i t h the sho'phar
trumpet, ~ h i c hwm curved like au aniu~nl'shorn; a cornet.

c a m p of those camping to the south" must pull

:.,"&?;z9

L X X inserts here: "When YOU will blow a third signal, then the
camps of those camping to the west will pull m a y . When YOU will
blow a ionrth signal, then the camps of those cxmping to the north
mill pull away." Alw the Uaptic Version and Old Latin (Italn)
Persian according t o Sahatier (1739-1749),b Or, "remeubranoer,"

away for the

time, according to the order
WNU 8 :
of Jehovah by means of Moses.1P
14 So the three-kibe divisions of the camp
of the sons of Judah" pulled away first of all in ?Nu
their armies," and Kah'sh~nt h e son of Am- 3M'lml
min'a.dab was over its arrny.Y '%And
over the Y ~ 3W3
army of the tribe of the sons of Isrsa.ctlar~herr 13:7

and A.hte'zzrz the son of Am.mf.shad'dai was

over its army. " And over the army of the tribe
of the sons of Ash'er' there was Pa'gi.elAthe
son of Och'ran. ': And ovcr the army of the
tribe of the sons of Naph'ta.li4 there was A.hitra+
the son of E'nan. ?"n this manner were the departures of the sans of Isrnel in their armies
when they would pull away.''
29 Then Moses said to EIo'bab the son of
Reu'el* ale Mid'i.~n.ite, thc father-in-law of
Moses? "We arc pulling away ior the place
about which Jchovah said, 'I shall give it to
YOV." DO come with us and w e shall certainly
do good to you," because Jehovah has spoken
good concerning Israel."' But he mid to him:
'Tshall not go along, but I shall go t o my atvn
country and to my relatives."m 3 L At this he
said: "Please, do not ab~ndonus, because for
the reason that you well know where we may
encamp in the wilderness you must serve as
eyesn for us. b 2 h d j t must occur that in case
you should come with us, yes, it must occur
that with what goodness J e h o v ~ hn9ill kindly
deal with us we i n turn will kindly deal toward

2:s
Ne.tban'e1 the son of Zu'ar.Un And over the
army of the tribe of the sons of ZelsPu.lunth~lcrc
3Nr1 2 : ~
was E.lttab the son of He'lon,"
17 And the tabernacle was taken doun, and
the sons of Ger'shonL and the sons of Me-rar'i"E $g
as carriers of the tabernacle pulled away.
18 And the three-tribe division of the camp1
of Reu'ben' puIled atmy in their aimies, nncl
E.li'mr"the son of Shed'e.ur was over Its arnly.
"And aver the m y of the tribe of the sons
of Sim'e.onQ"there was She.lu'mi.eI# the son of 'N,NIL
U 2: 12
2tt.ri.shad"clai." And over the army of the tribe ":
of the sons af Gada* there was E.li'a.sophl the :,y;S;,:;
son of Deu'el.
INU I:L~
21 And the Kothath.itesm as carriers of the nN, Nu ,1:42
3:27
sanctuary3 pulled away, as they must set up the NN UU 318:i
::)~
tabernacle at their corning.
22 And the three-tribe division of the camp
mi
of the sons of E'phra.irnn pulled away in their
WRS

llz
;z5

armies, and E-lish'a.mar the son of Am-rni'hud I

!;:
WRS over its army. 2S And over the army of the
tribe of the sons af Ma.nas'seha there was Ga- ayU1:m
maJli.e1t the son of Ye-dah'zur. And over the
+1i2
anny of the tribe of the sons of 13enjan?ln311S,N,U,$!;T
VNI~ 1 . 1 1
there was Abri.danV the son of Gic1.eno1ni,
Nu 7:t;o
25 And the three-tribe division of the camp
of the sons of Danw puIIed amrayas forming the WNu 2:25
rear guardy for all the camps in their armies, y,D,B,$%18

"Thrre-tribe diri~on."Hehrew, r k g ' ~ 1 .

Jg 4:11

lyou.~r

33 So thev went marchhe from the mom~e60vahfor a journey of threc days,

and the Ark of Jchovahk covenant:t was marching before themk1far a journey of threc days to
search out a resting place for them." And Jehovah's cloud WBS over them by day at their
marching out from the encmpment.w
35 And it would occur that when the Ark
would set out, Moses would say: "Do arise, 0

"xu 1357 rtainDsof

Fg;Ex 19:3

Ex 24:B

I'
II

1,

t D e 9.9
U J O S 3:3
J~~4:7

v U e 1:33
Jer 3 1 : ~
YcNe 9:12

p, lr)S:39

OrI %hose son-i 11-law Monm 1rnm.1' 11SS9,''tho m a r r i a ~connw

tion (the in-law) of JIoscs"; Yg, "his blood relation (kiacman)!'

NUMBERS 10:36-11 :8

466

JehovLLh," and let your enemies be scattered

and let those who intensely hate you Dee from
- 65:1
before you."Y SeAndwhen It would rest, he >Ps
Pa 13Zm&
15a
would say: "Do return, 0 Jehovah, toR the zDe
1:10
myrinds of thousandsb of 1sraelmwz
Pa W:13
:Ex 15:23
Now the people became as men hnvlng EY lF:2
something evil to cornplah ahout in the EY
,,1-7
;$;.
ears of Jehovah." When Jehovah got to hear J",":;!;
it, then his anger' grew hot and a fire of Jehb
:;;:;;
vah began t o blaze against them and to: ; :conLel0:2
aume s3me in the extremity of the
@i3f:1222
? Ulhcn the peopleg began to cry out t o Moscs,O
J
!", 3gj:
2:ll
then he mnde supplication t o Jehovahe and the ELL"x
~ Pg.19
fire sank down.' And the name of that plnce m : $ ; ~

VEX1631
mNuld:14
wEx10:14

scend upon it."

10 And Moses got to hear the people weepings in their families, each man at the entrance
,
:
:
$
&
~~1
12:$* of his tent ." And Jehovah'so anger began grow, N U 14:i

11

got to he calledc Tah'e.rah,rlmbccause a flre of meh~

Jcllovah had blazed against them.
4 A n d the mixed cro~vd"'that was In the 'EEig
mi&t of them expressed selfish longlng, and the Ne 13:s
sons of Xarael too began to weep' ~ g a j nand Ray:
"Who will give us meat to e ~ t ? " How we remembeP the fishB that we used t o eat in Eyypt3
2;: 7S:18
;:;
for nothing,' the cucumbers and the water- EFS
rnclons and the leaks and the onions and the -?$2!!ii4
garlic! " But now o w s o ~ l ils~dried away.' Our ;
:; i?::
cyes are *eon nothing at all except t!le manna."z1ni
:;:;::,
7 Incid~ntally,the mannan w ~ like
s
corian- 7lp;:y;4
dert seed,c and its lookg was like the loolr of
bdellium
" The people sprend out and ;gt
bGe a 12
plcked it ttpt and ground it in h ~ n dmills or tF,"hlt:g
pounded it in a mortar, and they boiled it in
cooking potsu or made it h t o round cakes, and um16:m

w u \I:I
~~3:::~

t h n ~ r ~ a n dofs b n e l , " SF;"to the rnultitndc of tlw arriy of Israel,"

I r ~a .l,~terolly, "And he came t o call 111~Ilnlne uf that plirce,"
d 'l'F111t i s , "lnlr~ing; conflngrntion ; Blnzc,"
Or, "the cllrster [of
people] E the rakblo." "%oul," 31, ~ t ~ y l i " ~L~U,
hj
pau.ch6'; Vg,
a'q~i.
OrI "oolor."

ing very hot," and in the eyes of Moses it was

" 'Then Moses said to Jchovat~: '*Why

o'Nil;:\i:l['.!nbad."
have YOU caused evil to your
and
$1)

WIIY have I not found favorqin your eyes, in

placing the load3 of all this people upon me?O
L ~ O I : ~ '"Have
I myself conceived d l this people? Is
it I who have given them birth, so that you
?hould say to me, 'Carry them in your bosom,'
*$!,"PP;l&
-I?):?i just as t h e caxtaker carries the suckling,'" to
the soil about which you srvoreL30their fore'G@13:13 Ealhers ?' l T F r n r n where do I have meat to give
Go 22:XO
Gl?
F:X sli.:r
13:s
to all this people? For they keep weeping toward
me, saying, 'Do give us meat and let us eat!'
l i I am not able, I by myself, to carry a11 this
*E
Onu l13
e : f n people, because they are too heavy for me.*
l+So if this is the may you are doing to me,
please kjll-e
off altogether," If I have found
31K119:4
J O 6.9
~
on 4:f
favor Jn your eyes and Iet me not look upon
my caIa&ity."c m x za:i
16 In turn Jehovah said t o Moses: ''Gather
Ex 24:9
I:ZF s . 1 ~ for r n e d seventy men of the alder men of Xsrae14
I < L t 1O:l.
whom you do know that they are older men
aljo I .ls
' \ ~ ; :of~ the
~ :people
~ ~ and officers" of theirs,* and you

csu32:5
I

,,:,

"I3t.iup bnck, 0 Jehovah," LXX, "'To the i u j h d s and to the

Its taste praved to be like the taste of an oiled

sweet cake.' And when the dew descended upon the camp by night,3 the mannfi would de-

I
I

l:la
t > k 17:4

"

Or, '*slare." LiternIly, "please to kill," RR fhc tcrh i s in the inf i n l t i r ~ cn~~stmct.;
~
hut some rend il aa an inrprrrtli~~e.a"Llpoa
11ry r n l ~ n i i t y . ~This
' Ivas corrected by the Pophcri~ato rend t l j s wny
illstenrl of' "upol~your cnlnmity". Thi* i a one oi' LIie 1B cmenrlntiens
IIT t h c Popherim. See aenesis 18;22, fnat~lotr*.,nnll h'mnbers
1 2 : 12, S ~ ~ o t i i o l ed~"Gather
).
for me," LX.YByVg1 "Let rrle gather

for n~ysrlf!' 31, 6ce verse 24.

NUMBERS 11:17-24

468

must take them t o the tent of meeting and they

must station themselves there with you. L y M d
I shall have to come down' and speak with y w
there,' and I shall have t o take away some of
the spirit" that is upon you and place it upon
them and they wilI have t o help you in carrying
t h e load of the people that you may not carry
it, just you alone.* And t o the people you
should say: 'Sanctify yourselves for tomorrow,'
as YOU will certainly eat meat, becn~~se
YOU
have wept in the ears of Jehovah," saying : "Who
will d v e us meat to eat, for it was !yell with LIS
in Egypt?"O And Jehovah wilt certainly give
YOU meat and YOU wiIl indeed eat.' l o You will
eat, not one day nor two days nor five days nor
tcn days nor twenty days, but up $0 a month
of days, until it comes out of YOZ'R nostrils and
it has become a loathing to YOU,' just because
YOU rejected Jehovah, who Is In aouR midst,'
mdwou went weeping before him, saying, "Why
Is jt that we have come out of Egypt?" ' ''
21 Then Moses said: "The people in the midst
of whom I am are six hundred thousand men"
on foot, and yet you--you have said, " M e I
shall give them and they will certainly eat a
month of days'! "Will flockso md herds bc
slazightered for them for it t o be adequate for
them?' Or will dl the fish of the sea' be caught
for them for i t to be adequate f o them?'*
~
23 At this Jehovah said t o Moses: ''The hand
of Jehovahc is cut short, is it?" Now you ~ v i l l
see whether my word3 will befall you or not,""
24 After that Moses went out and spolre t o
the people the words of Jehovah. And he went
gathering seventy men from the older men of
the people and proceeded to have them stand

~
I

NUMBERS 11:2-1
469
b
~m ~
~
:theltent.*
~ 2@ThenJehovah came
n d about
dotm
in
a
cloud'
and
spoke to hjmm arid took
+=:$.
:
away
some
o
f
the
spirit'
that was upon him
w T5 99:z
LW 0
. ~and
~ put it upon e ~ c h
of
1.he
seventy older men.
'XU 11.17
2ri12:15 And it came about t h a t as soon as the spirit
settled down upon them, then they proceeded
T:g!kio to act as pmophets,O but did not do it again.""
Now there were two of the men remaining
G o in 26
the
camp, The name of the one was El'dad
ICO 14:1
Ac2:17
and the name of the other was Me'dad. And the
spirit began to settIe down upon them, as they
were among those written down but they had
not gone out to the tent. So they proceeded t o
act a s prophets in thc camp. " And a young
man went running and reporting to Moses and
saying: "El'dad and Mddad are acting as proph"vu14:6
ets in t h e camp!" 2h khcn Joshuab' the son of
~ E 17
K9
Nun, the minister3 of Moses from his young
g;
manhood can, responded and said: "My lord3
8
M o m , restrain them!"" P o However, Moses said
De 31:3
t o him: "Are you feeling jealous far me? No,
$2
Lu 9 9 I wishc that all of Jehovah's people were proph,~
Jehovah would put his spiritdo
OYU 16:m e t ~ because
'xu1Z:6
upon
them!"b
" L a t e r Moscs tvithdrew to the
C 1c0
: ~ C 26.29
145
camp, he and the older men of Israel.
31 And a winde' burst forth from Jehovah
and
began driving quails over Prom the sea3 and
.EPS10k;30
g52
letting them fall above the camp about a day's
journey this WRY and about a day's journey that
way all around the camp and about two cubits

;:;

"But did not do it ognin," BlLcYXSg; "and did not quit," VgTOJ. Sorne ~vu~xld
vowcl-point thc IIcllr~wvrtuh here to make It read:
"and m u l l not quit," b Litarnlly , ".le.hoaI~'~.a.~*Liternllg, "And
~ ~ +ll
h ogive$" "Spirit.13 11, r ~ f ' n l t*/ ~L - U l pner'n~a; Vg, spi'xitas; as i
n verses 17, 25, %R. e " ~ i n d . " 31, rrr'uhk; LXY,p t r e ~ ~ ' ? , ~ u ;
1-g, ren'frrs. See wrse 29, f o o t u o ~ find
~ ~ , lienmis S : 1, footnoteb.
a

NUMBERS 11 :32-12 :5

NUMBERS 12:6-13

470

8 h v e the surface of the earth.aQ Then the mu

people got up all that day and all night and ail
the next day and kept gathering t h e quail. The
one collecting least gathered ten homa.s,lB' and E
' ,":;?,

in the pfllafl of cloud' and stood a t

the
entrance
of the tent and called Aamn and
; 3Wi.m.At this
both of them wcnt out. And
he went on to say : "Hear my words, please. 1f
e~
E X mn
7:1
133
thew came to be a prophetsPof w u a s for JehaFFs",\!;F vah," it would be in a vlsiona*I would make myfzz,e:$;,1self known to him. In R d r e a d " I would speak
Ge 4 ~ : 2 to him. Not so my servant Moses!" He is being
Job ,33:15
na 8 : ~ e n t ~ ~ s t ewith
d
all my h o ~ s e , ~b40utll"
'
to
~SL
16:30
I
rice 3L:IO mouth I speak t o him,,. thus showing him, and
, ~ t h e appearance of Jehovah
:gx$28not by r i d d l e ~ and
:&u$$4

came dottrtz

I
they kept spreading them extensively all
around the camp for themselves. ' T h e ment
was yet between their teeth," before it could he ;,*: @y3
chewed, when Jehovah's anger blazedhng~ilnst l'u 7 x 3 1
the people and Jehovah began striking at the
people with a very great slat~ghter.~
KII ~t(:.14
2 ~ 9
34 The name of t h a t place came to be c n l l d
Kib'roth-haE.ta'a.~ah,~~
because there they bur- aNu31,111
~~~~~~z~,is~hathebeho~cls.'Why,ttren,dld~o
D, 9;fi
/
ied' the people who showed selfish c r a ~ f n g .,"F:,'
~ i$
Hebm
to speak against my servant, against Moses?"'
*Ex 3 1 1
8%m Kjb'xoth-hat.ta'a.mhdthe people ptl lied
Fe
sGlo
9 And Jehovah'ss"anger got to be hat against
3R,17
chu 2 x 3
away for Ha.ze'roth, and they c o n t i n u ~ lIn .-.nol:i
1 4 2 4 them and he went his ~ v a y l.o ~
h d the c l o ~ ~ d
..
i , F p I?::
Ha.zertwth.'
- I-,X
I ex k:?~
210
ico
1212 turned away from over t h e tent and, look! Mb'tW:l
cDe 21%
Now Mir'i-am3 and Aaron began to speak
imamwas struck wjth leprosy" as white as s n ~ u ~
-EY 21 10
Eu .35:1!l
against Moseso on account of the Gush'- 3N'L1rl:2
Then
Aaron turned toward MIrTam and, look!
1 E X 3+..76
I l e a wiles whom he had taken, because it was; a 'D013:6
she
was
~
~
u
~
~
:
"
l struck with leprnsy." '"1mmediately
Cush'ite wlfe he had takemG And they kept
Aaron
said
to Moses: "'Exct~scme,my lord! Do
r2I<l5:27
t1De24:9
snying: "Is it just by Moses alone that Jehovah P I1;A,YX13:21
Z C 2~ 6 : ~not, please, attrlbute t o us the sin in which IVP
7'10
has spoken?* Is it not by us also that he has ax 17:zo
have acted foolishly ~ n which
d
we have cornh:;,
a m 19:19
spoken?"" And Jehovah was listening.' :I And M!c
;,.
s~
2"1:10 rnitted!" " PIense, do not let her continue like
the man Moses was by f a r the meekestfa of RIB ~'f~,',~j:!,
tps Bs:5
someone dead' wI~oseflesh at the time of his
the men3 who w-ere upon the surface of the ^;! .;'';i2col 2:13 mining out of his mother's" wombM is haK
ZDe 7:13
cDe5:16
TI'S 1 I;.G
gr0und.O
1 I!? 1
eaten off!" lg Ancl Mosw been to cry out to
4 And Jehovah suddenly proceeded to say t o ' ;;; i;2 3
Qm32B Jehovah, saying: "0
please! Hea13 her,
Moses and Aaron and Mifinam: "Go out,v the :!c.n'~~i'r
UEX32:Ll p]ease!"~
d a s 5.16
three of YOU, to the tent of meeting.'"^ the i:i:'i:G
three of them went out. a After that Jehovalz . ~ ~ : ; ~ ~ l , a Or, "Tn all my h o u ~ eha i n prarine hilria~lf fnitbful," LXX, "In

12

.(

!'h

''ltll aronnd the camp, about t f ~ + oc ~ b i ftqOm

t ~ t h p ~rartl~,"'
LSS;
"nll nround the tamp, and t h q were flying in the nil- nt nn nltitudr!
o f two cubits nbore the earth," Vp. h I~ouicr= 10 b l ~ r r h p4l ~qanrtb,
or ten e'phahs. a "They dried thern," Trg; "tll~nyI ~ r i r lhpntcrl for
themsdves k~lns," L I X / C. Thorlvon). * hIantitn~"13winI plnce?
o i the cifnvingl'. lLBthioplnn,"LdXXTTg.r Or, '&therno*rt ~ l ~ i k t l ternpared."

dl m y houae he ie fnithful"; Vg, "[Rlosc~]nlho in all 1117h a ~ ~ e e

is most faikhft~l?~
Sco I-lrbrcwa 3 : 5. 11 "\Y~IOBC
t1c811 nt the time o f
lus conling 6nt of bin ~tiotl~er's
n*olnh." ' r l w n ~ r ~ ~ n ronCl lthe HeI>rm text here notifies as tlint t l l ~Sopirclrirn ~ n ~ m t l c the
r l text so ns
not t o reflr-ct ayai~lstAaron the Ilip'tl pri~nt,tIic pritr~~tive
t ~ x rendt
i11g "mr dcshJ' nnd "oar mother's \vottth". a "0 I l o d , ' " ~ I 4 S n m S:-Tg; s suggested irading by a Soolnotc of 1t. Kittct's BabFiu
Hebraicc is, "SO!'

NUMBERS 12:14--13 :16

473

472

14 Then Jehovah said to Moses: "Were her vg2:;!9

father to spit directly in her face, would she TL","&
not be humiIiated seven days?" Let her lbe
; ; ; ; ;k
quarantinedw seven days outside the campc and >NU31:12
afterward let her be received in."= l5 Accord- zLe
ingly Mir'i.am was quarantined outside the
camp seven days,@and the people did not pull m,Dh_"i;:20
away until Mir'i-am was received in. lF And
afterward the people pulled away from Ha-zer- ll:dS
roth" and took up camping in the wilderness of NDeU1:l
W:IS
Parran.#
#Ge 21 :21
Jehovah now spoke t o Moses, saying: g: ;$i2
"'SeniE out for yourself men that they &Fh2j::;
n
may spy out the land of Cafnaan,o which I am 3 ~ 3.54
giving to the sons of Israel.' You will send out$::::*
one man far each tribe of his fathers, each one
18;2J
a chieftain1 among them.''
De 1:15
3 So Moses sent them out from the wilder- Ak:1'29'2
ness of Pa'ranA a t the order of Jehovah." All CNu14:Q
the men were heads of the sons of Israel. And
these are their names: Of the tribe of Reufben,$ ON"
Sharn'mu-a the son of Zac'cur; of the tribe of
Simre.an,@lShafphat the son of Ho'ri; "1f the ?$
:6;z
tribe of Judah,m Ca'lebo the son of Je.phunrneh; &h$t:;;
of the trike of I~'sa.char,~n
I'gal the son of ;pu;6;3
26:s
Joseph; of the tribe of E'phra.imYarHo.shefaas
t h e son of Nun; O of the tribe of Benjamin:
Pal'ti the son of Ra'phu; lo of the tribe of Zeb'u- $i;2,2"
lun,u Gadrdi.el the son of So'di; 'lof the tribe ""Ul:"
of J ~ s e p hfor
, ~ the tribe of Ma.nas'seh,v Gad'di ",pU314;F
1:12
the son of Su'si; l2 of the tribe of Dan,w Arn'miel the son of Ge.mal1li; 1-of the tribe of Ash'er,J yNu1:13
Se'thur the son of Mi'cha.el; I' of the tribe of
NaphJta.li,OZNah'bi the son of Voph'si; l3 of the
:6jis
tribe of Gad,' Geufel the son of Ma'chi. ls These *ru1:l.i

13

Ez

Xen~dng"salration; deliverance"; Sam,

"Je.boshru.a."

NUMBERS 13;17-23

are the names of the men whom Moses sent out

t o spy out the land, And Moses continued ta call
Hoeshepathe son of Nun Joshua.aa
GF 20:l
17 When Moses was sending them out to spy
Ge 25:14
NU al:1
Jos 1 5 3 out the land of Ca'naan, he proceeded to say to
J g 125
$A u 11:40 them: "Go up here into the Neg'ebb and YOU
aGe 1420 must go up into the mountainous9 region,*
D e 1:7
3 g I :9
Is And you must see what the land is* and the
JR I:1$
*E.u 3:s
people who are dwelling on it, whether they are
Ezt? 3-1:14
strong o r weak, whether they are few or many;
~ D 8:7
F
N c 9:25
l9 and 1vha.t t h e land is in which they are dwellN e 8:35
R e 20:6
c h u 31:lO ing, whether it is good or bad, and what the
'De 31:6
cities3 are in which they are dwelling, whether
De 3 1 2 3
Jos l:G
it is in encampments or in fortifications; 20 and
Oriu 1333
*Xll 20:l
what
the land is, whether it is fat or lean,"
Nu 2i:14
Nu 33:36 whether there are trees in it or not. And YOU
De 32i51
3'0s 1>:1 must show yourselves courageousA and take
E D e 723
C N u B:26 some of the fruitage* of t h e land." Now the days
CDe 23:24 were t h e days of the first0 ripe fruits of the
6305 1Q:z
Jg 1:31
grapes.ov
J E 1828
rXu 34:s
21 So they went up and spied out t h e land
Jos 135
2Sa 8:9
from the wilderness of Zin4 t o Re'hobe on the
1Ki 6:G
way t o Ha'math.' 2 2 When they went up into
Am 6 : 2
CJus 10:3
* X u 13:17 the Neg'eb" they then came to HerbronP" Now
* G e 13:18 A.hi'man,l She'shai and Tal'mai, the children
1Jg 1::o
m Jos 11 :21 of Arnak,cm were there. Incidentally, He'bron
Jos 15:13
nPs 78:12 had been buiIt seven years before Zofann of
Isa 111:ll
Eze 30:14 Egypt. 2 S When they came to the torrent valley
3.Ge 1453
of Esk'colT they then proceeded t o cut ~OWI-I
Nu 329
Re 1~2.1
sGe 40:lU from there a shoot with one cluster of grapes.#
LC 2.55
De 23:H And they went carrying it with a bar on two
FEx 17:9

NU 14:6
nc 7:45
HeB 4:8
*Gc 3 2 3

aLiterally, "Je.hoshpu.a," meaning "Jehovah is salvatian''. L X X

reads "JPSUS"('Ivaoirg). b Or, 9 h e south." That iss, the southein
part of ancient Palestine. Or, "the giant," A'nak meaning "longnocked", and hence of tall stature. The EIebrew ~ r o r dhns the d ~ f iilite article here and in verse 28.

NUMBERS 13:2 6 3 2

474

of the men, and also some of the pornemanatest

and some of the figs." Theya cnlled that place
the torrent valley of F,~h'ml,~
on account of the
cluster that the sons of Israel cut down irom

there.
25 Finally a? the endo of forty daysv they

I'

returned from spying out the lancl. "'' So they

w~lkodand came t o Moses and A ~ r o nnnd all
the assembly of the sons of Israel in the wilderness of Patran,w at Ka1desh.y And they came
bringing back word to them and all the assernbly and showing them the fruitagc of the land.
" And they \vent 0x1to report ta him and say:
"We entered into the land to which you sent us
out, and it is h r i e e d Rowing with rnlllcJ- and
honejr," and this is its fruitage.= N~ev~rtheless,
thc facts are that the people who dwell in the
land are strong and the fortified cities Rre very
greatAand, too, the children of Afnalr we saw
tl?ereq42 T h e A.rnal'ek.ites4 are dwelling in the
land of the Neg'eb: and the Hit'tttesu and the
Jebtu.sites' and the Am'or.itesCare dwelling In
t h e mountainous region," and the Ca'n~nn.ltes'
are dweIlin~
- by
- the sea" and by the side of the
J~l*dan."'
3
.Ce
N U1W18
221
30 Then Calebl tried to sM1 the people toward Moses and lent on t o say: "Let us go up ! ~ P s : I . _
directly and we are bound to take posse~qion ~;'I%Y
of it, because we can surely prevafl over it."ln $l?:'qj17
:" But the men who went up with him said: "We I.:-, 3:8
a r e not able ta ga up against the pcople, lsecause E; ;(;;f7
they mare stronger than we aredun And they I xu
J O * 1d.6
n:l
1:1:s
kept on bringing forth to the sons of Israel a mJo#
Ps 6O.12
,, ::<,*I
bad reportr of t h e land that they had spied out, .P,
saying: "The land, which rve passed through t o "N,:!

%e,"

1\I, b $leaning

'"cluster [of gmpw]",

NWMBERS 13:33-l4:9

'spy it out, Is a land that eats up its inhabitants,

and all the pcoplc whom \sic saw in the midst of
it are men or ex t raol.dinnry
And
there we saw the KephWi.lim,
the sons of A'nak,
who are from t h e Nepl~'i~l~rn,
so that \Ire became in our own eyes like grasshoppers, and
the same way we became in their eyes."t
fE,lg?
1% l7:4
Then all the nssemhly ralsed their voice,
~ n the
d people continued glving vent t o
"u 20:2g their voice and weeping: 811 through that night.u
uDe 1:45
And all t h e sons a l Israel began to murmur
'xu
against Mosesz and Aaron,r ancl a11 the assemrDe 1127
~51~16:sbIy began to say agtinst them; "If only 11-ehad
,died in the land of Egj-pt,or if only lrrehad died
w&16:3
in this wi'ldcrn~ss!~
"hnd why Is J~hovahbringing us t o this land t o fall by the sworcll3F Our
, tvivesDand our l j ttle ones will become as spoil.^
;Is it not better far us to return ta Egypt?"'
m e m:68
They eve11 ~ e n tto snying to one another:
Ne 9:17
A: T:39
'"Let us appoint a hend and let us return to
1

14

:zg::z

l4

Heb lR33

4To9 5:ll

;s$:

* *'Thrp," Snm;

475

5 At this Moses and Anron fell upon their

facesn before nI1 the congregationo of the asc.vu 2;:m sembly of the sons of Ismel. '. And Jmhua-' the
cxumE son of Nun and Ca'leb? the son of Je.phun"neb,
who were of those who spied out the h ~ d ,
rippedc their gnrments apart, and they pro:RST::;4
J g ms ceeded t o say this t e a11 the assembly of the
!sonsof Israel: "The land 1 hat wcpassed tllrougl~
'to spy it oitt L a very, very goad land.'
-%;3~$
De 8 : ~ ;Jehovah has found deligl~tin
then 11e will
eDe 10:15
give it to
m i 10:9 certainly bring us Into ibis l ~ n d~ n d
PS22:s
US, a land that is flowing wfth inilk and honey."
* v Only against Jehovah do not rebel," and YOU,
*
do not YOU fear0 the people of the land,' for
*De 7 2 8
?SuZf:34
DE 2 k 3
they are bread to us. Their shelter has turned

'""16:3

I
'Pz.%d,

away from over themn and Jehovah is with 11s.~

A C .13:21
~
Do not fear them."@
r w ;<1:1
10 However, all the assembly talked of pelt- ky
h g them t o death with stones.' And Jehovah's5 ,I;;: yi;r:;,
glary appeared on the tent of meeting to all the 5 [tin .iI :i.r
' 1 ; ~17:4
sons of Israel .9
1 Sn 10.6
171 ;
937
A< -.i:l
11 Finally Jehovah said to Moses: "HOWt''~
lx' 9
0
long" will this people treat me without respect, g,:,:!::is
and how long rvill they not put faithz in me for; : ; .
all the signs that I performed in among them?' .;;;2-.T9,
l2 Let me strike them with pestilencei m d drive
,l;;li'j$l
them away,' and let me make you a natiorf
3 ~ y;m; B
greater and mightier than they are.""
2% 2 1 1 5
13 But Moses said to Jehovah: "men the 'I:" J:lU
Egyptians wiIl be bound t o hear that you by
your power have led this people up out of their cg$
;2
;
1nidst.O And they will be bound to tell it t o ;g$j4s
t h e inhabitants of this land. They have heard wx1i:l.i
t h a t you are Jehovah in among this people," :',xi $i:'
who has appeared face to face.a4 You are JehoH1:42
valz and your cloudDis standing over them and
you are going before them in the pillaro of 3De31:1B
cloud by day and in the pillar of fire by night.ot f,",e P;f a,
l5 Were you t o put this people t o death as one
$;./:
man," then the nations who have heard of your &;3;4
fame rvouEd certainly say this, " Because of
Jehovah's not being able 2'0 bring this people
into the Jmd about which he swore to them he
proceeded to slaughter them in t h e wilderness." '& g:28
A n d now, please, let your polver1?b m m e

;;;:

1
1

i;'il'

great,* 0 Jehovah,e just as you have spoken,

"E?$$

"Literdally, <'eye to eye." "'Tour power;" LX,PSy; "power," M.

a *'JehorahFin 67 Hebmw texts, and also the flnt printed Webrcw
Bible edition on the Soncino press ill 1455 (A.D.); "'Lord,'' 31.
This i s one of the 134 pasaws uyhere the Sopherin) cl~angrd".'lchovah" in the text ta "A.do.nag"'. (See Qeneais 18:3, f u o ~ ~ l o t a ~ , )

477

NUMBERS 14:l a 2 7

saying, l o 'Jehovah, slow t o angermand abundant

in loving-kindness,a2" pardoning iniquity" and
,
transgressi~n,.~;
but by no means will he give
:.FY
3 i : ~ cxcmption f rorn p u n i s h m ~ n t ,bringing
~
punish:.v:\ 1,.'!
ment for the iniquity of the fathers upon sons,
upon great-grandsons and upon great-great+Ex":s
grtmdsons.'. It'Forgive, please, the iniquity of
this people according to the greatness of your
laving-kindness and just as you have pardoned
this people from Egypt oclwasd until n~tr..'"~
;:*
20 TlienJchovai~said:"Idoforgiveaccord3:lc ; :Y
'J"""""
, ing to your word.' 2 1 And, on t h e other hand,
as I live, nll the earth will be filled mith the
!;q:-12 gloryn of Jehovnh." " But all t h e men who have
*Ps 7,.10
QIub?:14 been seeing my glorykand my signs that E have
*IJc 1,31
performed in Egypt and in the wilderness and
yet kept testing- me these ten times) and have
O
5
not
llstencd to my voice, will never seeh t h e
flq;';~,i;4
AGR 3 1 ~ 7 land allout whfch X swore to their fathers, yes,
Jol3 19.3
0 h . t ~ZG:OQ a11 those treating me without respect will not
Et :";,7"' see 1t.O As for my servant Ca'leb,' because a
cllffcrent spirit has proved t o be mith him and
1's 1 0 26
~ he kept Pollowina wl~ollyafter me," I shaU cerI-IFII 18
I
tainly bring him into the land where he has
s?, 11
. 12 '741
x u 2r; h'i gone and his offspring will take possession of
1'J04 1i
it.* While the A.mal'ek.itesn and the Ca'naan.Joq I.,: 1.1
:z,4&2Vtesm are dwelling in the valley, YOU people
make a turn tomorrow and pull away to march
:sktal:f
to the kvilderness by wayt of the R e d ~ a . " ~
C D o 1:40
26 And Jehovah went on te speak to Moses
and
Aaron, snyjng : " "I-IOIVlong' Will this evil
?;: assembly
have this murmuring that they arc
carrying on against me? I have heard the mnrmurings of the sons of Israel that they are murOr, "in lognl love?' b l i t e r n l l y , "[I mvear] if they will see!'
*EX 3.jmt3

l K l w h ' : l

'

')

'$

Or, Lnseed."

479
muring against me.* Say t o them, 'As I live, + ~ & l f ; ~ ~ o
is the utterance of Jehovah, if I shall not do to
YOU just that way a YOU have spoken in my
!
ears?' "
9
this wilderness YOUR carcass& will Si:p&?g
fall,' yes, all YQCR registered' ones of all Yeun
n ~ m b e rfrom trl-en@ years old upward, uor q c !>.Y;
,+!) 11q
*
who have murmured against me. .As for You, !,'
YOU will not enter into the land in which I lifiec: Ie~~>,!~"j,
up my hand" in oath to tent rvith \*ow, except ;
:
;
Ca'leb t h e son of Je.phun'neh and Joshua the
'KU 28:tG
son of Nun.'
Kt1 97.12
31 '"'And YUUR little ones who YOU said ~e i:.'i{;
would become a spoi1,O these also I shall cer- up;$;
tainIy bring in and they will indeed know the
land that YOU have rejected: " But the car- A P ~ I O S : W
casses of you yourselves will fa21 in this wilder10:s
nessVt93 And YOUR sons will become shepherdsn blCa
Beb 3-17
in the wilderness' forty yearse and they wlll +N,,
34ha
have t o answer for YOUR acts of fornicnt ion, un- f1","2di:?$
ti1 YOUR carcasses come t o their end in the wil1:i:lp
derness, " By the number of the days that YOU
INU
la:w
spied out the land," forty days, a day for a year,
R day for a year," YOU will answer for YOUR iniq- *Eze 4:P
I
uities forty gears," as YOU must know what my UP" 9s:m
being estranged means.
35 " 'I JehovahO have spoken If this is not m u SS:w
what I shall do to all this evil assembly," those m u 23:19
who have gathered together against me : In this
wilderness they wiU come t o their end and there
id:=
they wiU die.Q And the men t ~ ~ h oMoses
m
sent ONU
1Cn 10:s
out to spy out the land and who, when they re- ~r eb 3::7
turned, began making the whoIe assernbIy murmur against him,"by bringing forth a bad report
against the Iand; Si JW, the men bringing forth *NU13:32

;;;;L

,:;A

"@

"Sh~ph~rdS,"
I f j ' r ~ a n d e ~ ~ lTg.
s , l 'b l T ~ mnde
d
the whole m d t i tade ~ n u n ) l u ragainst him," T'g.

NUMBERS 14:33-15 :3

the bad report about the lnnd will die by the

scourge
bcfore Jchovah,O But Joshua the son
v;jr, 2:;
.~uac
of Nun ~ n Ca'lcb
d
the son of Je-phun'neh will
certainly live on, out of those men who went to
'3
F:E spy out the land,'
no 1.";
39 Il'hcn Moses proceeded to speak h s e
Jon 1 i:G
worcls
to all the sons of Israel, then the people
Do %I-8
began t o mourn3a g r e ~ deal."
t
40 Moreover, they
.
got
up
early
in
the
morning'
and
tried to go up
,'xL1
to the top of the mountainto saying: "Here we
nre, and lrqe have to go up t o the place that
1:51
Jehovrth mentioned. For we have sinned."'
rNtk ,9 2 3
Rut RIascs safd: "Why is it that YOU are pass-XU X1.3
ing beyond the orderc of Jehovah?" Eut that
will not succecd. *= Do not go up, because Jehovah is not in WIUR midst, that YOU may not be
deleatcd before YOUR enemies?" 43For the
J
A.tnnl'eltnitcsa and t hc Calnaan.ites are there
ONu 1 3 : 9
hrtiorc you, and YOU nre certain t o fall by the
because, far the reason that sow t u n e d
'Ej;!",jiJ sword,'
hack -Worn following Jehovah, Jehovah will not
c n ~ i l l n ~writ11
le YOW."~
I 10
3
44
However,
they kept an presuming t o go
'Dr J :"I-3
r I )C 10 1
up t o the top of tllc mountain,' but the ArkO of
" ~ s " , l f ~ aJuhovah's covenanta and Moses did not move
away fz*o'om the midst of the camp. 4 S Then the
AAnlal'ck.if
es* and the Ca'naan.ites who were
$!$;!
Do 1:14 rl\velling in that mountain came on down and
I~eganstriking them and went scattering them
E ~ Sfar as Hor'mnh.O
$'$:
And Jehovah spoke further t o Moses,
OD@

15

saying: "Speak to the sons of Israel,

and you must say te them, 'When YOU eventu?Nu 21:21
-h1 ~ ~ 3 4aIly come inlo the land of YOVR dwellhgb places,
, 2310
Lr
which I am giving rav: "ad you must render
C;,;iJR::g up an offering-' mnde by fire to J e h o v ~ h ,a~

NUMBERS 15:14-24

481
burnt offering or a sacrifice t o perform a specia1 vole ox voluntarilya" or durjng YOUR sea- ,?$;?;;I
sond festivals," in order to make a smell of LIjcc 211l : :B: ~
appeasement to Jehovah,' from the herd or from UT.P Z.i.9
.+I3
t h e Rock; ' then the one presenting his offering thuir 2.1
r.c.iB
must present t o Jehovah a grain oEering of fine *!:!;':
flour,' a tenth of an ePphah,bmoistmed with a IL; ; I ; '0
fourth of a hin of oi1.m And you should render ,yut;;;14
up nine3 as a drink offering," the fourth of a 11.1,r2 1s
r l.10
hin, together with the b m t oBering or for the 1.c
s,, )s.i
sacrifice of each male lamb. " Or far a ram you ;':&:;
shotrld ~.enderup a grain offering of bvo tenths
of fine flour, moistened with a third of a hin of
oil." :And you should present wine as a drlnk nNumla
offering, a third of a hin, as a smell of appeasemen t t o Jehovah,
8 " 'But in case you should render up an oxC
as a burnt offeringt or a sacrifice t o perform
a special vowu or communion2 offerings t o Je- G h u 20:39
hovah,' then he must present together with v?;f;&
the oxa a grain offering7rof three tenths of fine vf,y7!;;l
rd
flour, moistened with half a hin of oil. '"And kh cu 10'1211.8
you should present wine as a drink ofTerhg,r ICII x i 2s
half a hin, as an offering made by Are, 01 a k,",ljl'&
smell of appeasement to Jehovah. l1 This is the
:(h5
ivay it should be done far each oxd os for each YC;;;~;~
ram or f o r one head among the rnde lambs or g
among the goats." Whatever may be the num- xUtiY L,I I 2r:3
2S:Y
ber that you may render upsDthat is the way ku2,:11
sou should do for each one accordingt o the nurn- $:: <;,$
ber of them. z3 Every nativea should render up OJOS "3
these in this way in presenting an offering made ace $:21
by fire, of a smell of appeasementLto Jehovah.

::;

"in h e wilLy'b '#Atenth of nn e'phnh," L,eY'lrg; "'a

teutla," XSaruSy. CGteraIly, "son of the herd." *''OX? 31;

a Literally,

So'nis,

Vg.

14 "'And in case there should be residing

for a while with wou a temporary resident3 o r

O~~~

one who is in YOUR mtdst for generationso of

YOU, and he must render up am offering made
by fire, of a smell of appeasement to Jehovah,
RS YOU should do, so he should d a b ' T o v
IEx
LC 2r2:dD
. ~ ~ just
2
Nu 9 3 4 who are of the assembly and the temporary
resident who is residing for a nrh3lewill have
statute.c It will be a statute to time indefE;f.,5 one
inite
tor YOUR generations.-The tempomry resif i u ~1 B
xu
6 .; ~
S
dent
sl~ould
prove to be the same as rowa before
'"u
1, Jehovah. IThese should prove t o be one Ia!O
and one judicial decision far YOU and for the
temporary rcsident who is residing for a while

am$2:B

fz

*Ex 12:dfi

L r 1Ii.21)

lvjfh

yo^,^^^

I7 And Jehovah went on to speak to Moses,

1La+ 2.1:~'~
ol~:1~
saying: "Spea1.r to the sons of Israel, and you
'ki!';! must say to them, 'On YOUR coming into the
lai~clwhere I m bringlng YOU," '"hen it must
0uo*!3
occur that when YOU eat any of the bread0 of
mJos5:la the land++YOU shouId make a contribution to
Jehovah. 2oYoushould make a contribution of
flrst fmlts of YOUR coarse meal as ring,,:,,the
shaped
cakes.' Like the contributionu of a
g;;:;;a
nc :~:!,a threshing floor is the way YOU should contribute
rie 1 I1 ,!I

.,

it. :1 Some of the first fmits of POUR C O ~ T S E

meal YOU should give as a contribution to J e h ~
k; I,? vah throughout POUR genemtion~.~
22 'Now in case you should commit an
hf;y':?! .
!
t
CXu 31;33 emor anct not do a11 these mmandments,o
which Jehovah has spoken to Moses,' 2Wthat
ONU 91:7
Jehovah" has commanded You by means of
+Ln*l:a
Moses from the day that Jehovah commanded
and
an~twclfor YOUR generations, z4 then it must
g:
pr 8 . ' )

,,,,,.,
I ' E . ~ I:SO
4:

;:
:4

'I

L i t ~ ~ ~ a l"Like
l y , TOU, like tha ternparaw &dent,

to be,'"

it ~bouldprom

NUMBERS 15:3-1

483

occur that if it has been done f a r fmm the eyes

of the assembly by mistake,' then the whole as- " b d : f S
sembly must render up ane young bull3 as a 3 ~ 4 : ' 4
b m t offesing for a smell of appeasement t o
Jehovah" and its grain offering and its drink -Led:m
' L e
offering according t o the regular pro~erEwe,~
and one kid of the goats as a sin off ming." 2%d "3,
dz,
the priest must make atonement: for the whole E:1;;
assembly of the sons of Israel, and it must be ~ 3 7 . r
forgivcn" them, because it was a rnlstalre: and ?Ju
.1.3tm:s
B
they for their p& brought as their offering an$::;;!,:
offering made by fire to Jehovah and their sin J I P :~:IT

mandment that he has broken? that SOLIIshould

"g;ef,zyfllk
be cut off without fai1.O His own iniquity is upon
0 t ~r 7:?:
.12 15

tc 17.10
+Lo5:1
~

~ : ~

,*

"Sod."
mpk'eak; LXX, psyekC+ UteraITp, "nith uplifted
hand," that is, openl~,proudly, purposely,

S7:R

him.'

"*

32 While the sons of Israel were contknuing

In the wilderness, they once found a man collecting pieces of wood on the sabbathe day? s3 Then
qk.\ I(; 3
w : i o those who found him collecting pieces of .rvmd"
l-:U 27.2
brought him up to Moses and Aaron and the
:
?
81-o 8.3
urhole a~sernlsly.~
" So they committed him into
"2:~>wtody, * because it had not been distinctly
LC 21:12
c u e :v:l.r
stated what should be done to him."
35 In time Jehovah said to Moses: "Without
fail the man should be put to deathVA
the whole
@be28:38 assembly peltingL him t o death with stonesg
outside the
nn Accordingly the whole
OZl2;if&
assc~l~bly
brought hfm forth outside the camp
Ar 75s
*Le2nm23
Joa 7 2 5 and pelted him with stones so that: he died,*
just aF; Jehovah had commanded Moses.
37 And Jehovah went an to say this t o Moses:
"Speak to the gons of Brael, and you must say
to them that they must make for themselves
fringed edges upon the skirts of their garments
throughout their generations and they must put
a bkuc string above the fringed edges of the
a l t 23:s
LU
H:.I 1
~ k i r f n'l'And
:~
it must serve as a fringed edge
"EX 13 tl
130 ti R
for YOU and YOU must see it and remember" all
rIla Ir:la
*I
,,,, .Ill: 19 the commandments of Jehovah and do them
and YOU must not go about follouring YOLT
.Icr
I . I C (i.9
c k u 3c.a heartsn and YOUR eyes: following which YOU
R r e having uniait hful intercourse."-"'"The pur7%
q;1:;7
*EY311:35 pose is that YOU may remernbeP and may cer1% T . ? ' V
do all my commandments and indeed
T ) ~ I O G : ~fainly
D
I10 ? 2
,,,.,, , prove to be holy to YOUR God.= 1am Jehovah
@:;:",':;$ TOUR God, who have brought you out of the
l-l)~ltina!' T h i ~vwb i~ in tl~ainfinitive a h l u b in the Rebmw,
~ I P ~ Cjnrlpfinitc
P
na to time. b Or, "'ron are crrmmitting forniration."
@

'"@

"

,.

19R

offering before Jehovah for their mistake. And

it must be forgivenAt h e whole assembly of the 3 E 3
sons of Israel and the temporay resident who LC l s : m
is residing for a while in their midst, because it
was by mistake on t h e part of all the people,
27 ' I 'And if m y soul should sin by mistalce,*
j;g
then he must present a female goat in its nrst ;gF;;a
year for a sin offering. ZB And the priest must AI: 1 7 : ~ ~
make atonement fm the mu1 who made a mistake by a sin unintentionally before Jehovah,
so as t o make atonement for it, and it must be
4:33
forgiven him.'
As to t l ~ enative among the $k;z;j:
sons of Israel and the temporary resident w l ~ a k;
is residing for a while in their midst, there ..~u;I::I
1.~15
should prove to be one law for YOU for doing '-NNu
u ti;. I l
.Ex ?1.1.2
something uninten-ti~naIIy.~
LC -17 6
30 " "Butt h e soula that does something de- L,',yoi$J
llberately,hm whether he is a native or s tern
6~;;
porary resident, he speaking abusively of Jeho- ;s;&;B
vah," in that case that soula must he cut off $2a:b:;3
from among his people.' fl 'Because it is Jeho- r{?lifi.!
vah's3 word that he has despised"and his corn- 2
;: iG5'"
1

- Y,

>,I

,.,

NUMBERS 16:1-9

485

484

land of Egypt in order t o prove myself YOUR'

ALe E:33
God. I am Jehovah YOUR God.' "*
Le 25:m
And Ko*rahbthe son of Iz'har,' the son 'E,U$j$
of ICo'hath," the son of h ' v i , ' proceeded *EX
J udc
6:21
11
I
together 114th Da'thanl and A.bi'- ~g;~:!;;s
t o get
ramn3the sons of E-li'ab," and On the son of ~ ~ s ~ ~ i : ; ,
Pe'leth, the sons of Reu'ben." And they pro- mDe 11:8
ceeded t o rise up before Moses, they and two :Iz:z?il(
hundred and fifty men of the sons of Israel, 1Chz.1
chieftains of the assembly," summoned ones of &
:$,:;
the meeting, men of fame.b* s o they conge- ,&': :;
I
gated themselves againstt Moses2 and Aaron ;$;g:
and said to them: "That Is enough of YOU, be-' ~su;;E;~,e
cause the wl~oleassembly are nll of them holyu A, .i,m
and Jehovah is in their midst.^ Why, then,
should YOU lift yourselves up above the conmeIJ?,:?
19.m
gation" of Jehovah?"
4 When Moses got t o h e a ~It he at once felll
upon his face." Then he spoke ta Xo'rah and 'Ry&4i5
t o his entire assembly,saying: "hthe morning
Jehovah will make known who belongs t o himy yai 2:19
and who is holyz and who must come near to
him," nnd rvhoever he may choose' \\*ill come "?;$!3
near t o him. " 0 this: Take fire holders3 for ,px\%A
youz-selves, Ko'rah and his entire assembly) lp~;;:;~
s::a
' nnd put Are in them and pIace incense upon EX
them before Jehovah tomorrow, and i t must LLel a1O:l
la:al
occur that the man whom Jehovah upill choose,
he is the holy one. That is enough of YOU,YOU
ex!1$18
sons of Le'vi !"*
8 And Moses went on t o say to Ro'rah: "Lis80:14;
ten, please, YOU 5011sof LeW Is It too little a +Ge
1Sa 18:23
thingt for YOU wen that the God of Israel has g2i:3,8
litcrallp, "proceeded to take," H;r'spOke," LXX. The reading

16

ODs 10:8

Nu 3:41
De 10:s

"Ex X6:T
3 C O 3:5

1Nu 16:l
Pa tC%:l?
nrDe 1l:6

Uz:rv$

apparcntlp R lould be "proceeded to get up" or "congregate teg~tlicr?).b Or, "name.''

vGe Q:5
Xsa 1:13

NUMBERS 16:10-18

separated YOU men from the assembly of Israel

t o present rou to himself to carry on the sewice*
of Jehovah's tabernacleo and to stand before
the assembly t o ministero t o
and that
he should bring you and a11 your brothers the
sons of Le'vi with you near? So must YOU men
also try t o secure the priesthood?" For that
reason you and all your assembly who are gathering together are against Jehovah," As for
A a r ~ n rvI~at
, ~ is he that rou men should murmur against him?"'
12 Later Moses sent to call Ddthanl and
A-bi'ramm the sans of EE.lirab,
but they said:
"We are not going t o come up!" 1 y Is It so little a
thing that you have breught us up out of a land
flowing with milk and honey to put us to death
in the wilderne~s,~
that you should also try t o
play the prince over us to the lirnit?a " As I t is,
you have not bmught us into Rny land flawing
with milk and haney,t that you may give us an
inheritancec of AeId and vineyard? Is it the eyes
of those men that you want to bore out? We are
not going to come up!"
15 At this Moses kecame very an&u and
he sald to Jehovah: "Do not turn to look at
their grain 0Pfering.v Not one male ass have I
taken Rway from them, nor have I hnrmed one
of them."w
16 Then M o s said
~ to Ko'rah:~"You and all
you1as~emhly,be present before Jehovah,=you
and they and Aaron, tomorrow. l7 And take'
each one his fire holder,; and uow men must put
incense upon them and present each one his fire
holder before Jehovah, two hundred and fifty
fire holders, and you and Aaron each his Are
holder," So they took each onc hjs fire holder

and put Are upon them and placed Incense upon

them m d stood at the entrance sf the tent.of
n~eetingtogether with Moses and Aaron. "9Ct7hen
Ko'rah proceeded t o get all ther nssembly" to- '2: B,o:;
gether ngninst them at the entrance of the Zent
of meeting, then Jehovah's2 glory appeared to

487

*1Ki 18.36
aer 2 3 : ~cording
~

z;$;!

,c;;.;!

zz;

;z,~;;~

naolcs," 7'6; "tabernade," MSnnl Sy,

that Jehovah has sent me t o do all these deeds,"

that it is not of my own heart:"' a"f it Is acto the death of all manltindb that these
fie 13:17
people mill die m d with the punishment of dl
rnankindVhat punishment will bc brought upon
W E c 3:19
~ ~ 9 : s'themPn
then it is not Jehovah that has sent
Eze 1&:4
me.* But if it is something createdk that JeR~ 5:la
:"B:"2:2,8, hovah will crc~teand the ground has to distend
its moutha and swallow upr them and everyz>t2;";;y
Jerx::2
thing
that belongs to them and they have t o go
aJob 31 3
~ D 32:52
C
do~m
alive into She'01,~~
then YOU will certainly
knmv that these men have treated Jehovah dis5515 respectfully.""
31 And it came about that as soon as he had
finished speaking all these words the ground
that was under them began to be split apart.'
*!tgp
PS 1 m : l ~ h d the earth proceeded to open its nrouth
and t o swallotv up them and their households
belonged t o Ko'r8hmand
@zhT;gand all hum~nklndthat
So down they went and all
~ ~ ~c ~h 3 7all the
who belonged to them alive lnto She'01,~ and
the earth went covering them aver, so that they
perished from the midst of the congregation.'
Jude 11
a 4 And all the Israelites who were round about
them Red a t the screaminge of them, for they
began to say: "We are afraid that the e ~ r t h
*"u17:13
may swallotv us up!""
a fire came out from
.h10:2
Nu 11~1 Jehovah* and proceeded to consume the trvo
Clsa2:B hundred and f i f t y men offering the incense.Kz3l
ESu 26:lO
FSIE:IB
36 Jehovah now spoke t o Moses, saying: ;* ' I
mE;;;gm

zcc2:9

ELe
X 9:c
IG:IO
all t h e a~sernbly.~
20 Jehovah now spoke t o Moses and Aaron, !&?$$
,
saying: "Separate' yourselves from the midst
of this assembly, that I may exterminate@them Jer 51 c
in R n Instant." "At this they fell upon their d,2;!r7
faces' and said: "0Gad,Vthe god^ of the spirits" ,Fop].,
I
of every sort of flesh,"'* will just one man sin "De 23:53
and you become indignanto agninst the entire
$
;
:
i
P s 76: If1
~ ~ ~ b l y ? " '
Heb 12.29
23 11.1
turn Jehovah spoke to Moses, saying:
"Speak to t h e assembly, saying, 'Get awaF J O ~~ z : ~ o
from around the tabernaclesd of Ko'rah, Dar- ?12;2il
Heb 12;9
tlla~zand Ahbitram!'"
*Jus 7:l
29 After that Moses got up and went to Dat- ~ ~ ; ~ i
t h m ~ n A'bl'ram,
d
and the older menAsf Israel cJ","ry;?:
went with him. ' T h e n he spoke to the assem- 7y4;:;$
bly, saying : "'Turn aside, plense, from before I:C I c:
the tents of these wicke&' men a ~ xdo
l not touch
$ :',,
mything that belongs to themo that YOU may
not bc s ~ v ~ paway
t
in all thcir sin." P v Zmmedi- Jer 5:: 15
ately they got away from bcfore the tabernacle
of ICo'l-a1 I, Da'than and A.hi?ram, from every
side, and Ddthan and A.bi'r.nm came out, taking their stand at the entrance of their tents,' 4s?jX
to~ethelwwilhtheir wives, and their sons and gbl;p;Jl
Pr ~x:u
their little ones.
28 Then Moses said: "'By this You will h o w
a UTlm," IISnn~Syl~gi
"y7
L I T , 1c400d!'JL, El; LA=, Thr.orp.
a '4Z')1e Gorl,'' hr, El.o.him ;LAXT,T ~ c ~ o J2'gj
* ; Wepus. f14'Tabcr-

iK

NUMBERS 16:29--37

0 Or, "mind.''
b",llsnl;ind.lt h1, hn-txdatn\ thnt is, enrthlings;
humankind. L'She'nl." 31, Shtol'; L,=,
Ra'drs; Vg, iit.jc81r rrs.
d "The property " ~ I P R; ~"their
I ~ property," SyVg; "their l i r w
stock,', LSX. iditsrnllv, "roic~.'" Here cl~aptot10 cnde in the
Hebrew k x t attd clsnpt~r17 bcgiaa,

NUMBERS 16:38--95

1,

488

in' ,
"S~ou1s.l' kl, mephJesA, in the plurstl number; LXX, p ~ y ~ c h ~
"seed."
thr plural number; "deaths [of the sinners],') Vg.
a "r\10ses," XS~inT'gj ''XOSH
and Aaron," LXXSy.
4

terminate them En rn Enstant.'" At this they feu

upon their faces? After that Moses said to
Aaron: "Take the fire holder and put fire from
*Le 9 2 4
u p n the altar in it' and put on incense and go
$ a ~ t 6to~ the assembly in a hurry and make atane*EX~D:IO
%:$:? mmtnt"for them, because the indignation* has
?
; gone out from the face of Jehovah. The plague0
Nu 1 5 3
has
Aaron at once took it, just as
Nu 8:19
Moses
had spoken, and went running into the
W;
;::?
~ c 2h ; : ~midst of the congregation and, look! the plague
DPs 10G:29
11.33 had started among the people.* So he put the incense on and began making atonement for the
16%

@Xu16:2;3

'

+"

;:,

NUMBERS 16 :46-17:5

'z:vu :Eg

prSestQthat he should take up the Are holders?

from within the conflagration: 'And you scatter
the fire over there; for they are holy,+9 R even
the fire holders of these men who sinnedolu(;: :;2i
a ~ a l n s ttheir own souls.a' And they must make I ~ ~ . I : I H
tl~erninto thin met& plates as an oveiqlaying frfn~!:i~~'ta
for the altar,ubecause they presented them bc- 'IU 27'1
fore Jehovah, so that they became holy, and
they should serve as a sign3 t o the sons of Israel.' "' Accordingly E.le.atzar the priest took '3 iz;:g
the copper fire holders, which those who had ~1'.roC O14:8
1~11
been burned up had presented, and they proceeded to beat them out into an overlaying for
Josdd
the a1tar, as a memorialcfor the sons of Israelo ?-a
a3:m
t o the cnd that no strangec' man who is not of 5c22!?$
the ofTspslngb of Aaron should come near to ;gk;~;~~
make incense smoke before JehovahH and no ,;'~hj;?~
one might become like Ko'rah and his assembly,, :>VII i t ; ; ~ o
just as Jehovah had spolren t o him by mcnna of
Moses.
41 And directly the next day the whole assembly of the sons of Israel began to murmur
against Moses and Aaron,*saying: "You men, ';;#;$s
you have put Jehovah's people t o denth.'"l 2;:;ltr;
4 2 And it came about that rvhen the ass~mbly :!&:rri-,~~
had congregated themselves togetke~against '* ""
Moses and Aaron they then turned toward the
1:"
tent of meeting and, look! the cloudEcovered j t
:?a 524
and Jehovah's glorya began t o appear:
J.Lx16:7
43 And Moses and Aaron proceeded to come E:
before the tent of meetingqb4 d Then Jehovah i':t$!i$4
spoke t o Moses," saying: "6 "You men rise up
&\;A0
from the midst of this assembly, that I may ex-

489

people. 48 And hc kept standing betzveen the

dead3mdtheliving~;Eventunllythescourge
was stopped.* 4nAnd those dead from the
bIa C
~ 2r~1; 1: 6~

to fourteen lhousand seven

hundred, aside from those dead on ~ccountof
lCh 21'14
LC0 r0:10 KoFrah. Qfrhenat last Aaron returned to Moses
at the entrance of the tent of meeting, t h e
scourge had been stopped.
Jehovah now spoke to Moses, saying:
''Speak t o the sons of Israel and take
E ~ 4 : 2 from them one rodz for each paternal house
gxu34:18 from all their chieftains,'" by the house of their
fathers, twelve rods. You will writeDthe name
xh-P 1:4
X U 2:3
of each one upon his rod. a And Aaron" same
Xu 10:14
CNU %:isYOU \vill write upon Le'vi'se rod, because there
is one rod for the head of the house of their
nBG:16
fathers,= And YOU men must deposit them in
CNu18:2
the tent of meeting before the Testimony,'
* E X ~ S : ~ where
S
I regularly present myself t o mu.' ' And
what must occur i s that the mnn whom I shall
1 ~ S1: ~ O choose," his rod will bud, and I shall certainly
nNr16 5
make subside from against me the m u m r i n g s
of the sons of Israel, which they are murmur* X U ~ ~ : ing-against
U
YOU."
+SU 25:s

Ps 108:30
ex, 2;:s

'scourgeP amounted

17

I1
I
I

491

NUMBERS 18:3-9

may ministera to you, to both you and your

6 So Moses spoke to the sons of Israel andl
sons with you, before the tent of the Testiall their chieftains went to giving him a sod for
=*4:45
mony."" . A n d they must keep their obligation
each chieftain, a rud for each chieftain, by the
r-2Sa 15:24
~ r P-4
c ~ to you and their obli~atlonto the entire tent.*
house of their fathers, twelve rods, nnd Aaron's
ZICh 3D:16
Eze 4 4 : ~Only to the utensiIs 01' the sanctuary and to the
rod was in m n g their reds. Then Moses dealtar they must not come near that they maynot
321
cNNU
w
posited the rods before Jehovah in the tent of
U 4:13
326
die,- neithell they nor YOU men. And they must
the Testimony.- And it came about the next
15!:::*
be joined t o you and must keep their obligation
H
c
b
!):a
%;$!,
day that when Moses went into tho tent of t h e
to t h e f ent of meeting as respects all the service
Testimony, loolr! Aaron's rod for the house of
tDe25:5 of the tent, and no stranger!' may come near to
Le'vi had buddede and it was bringing forth 'E'63-$l7
~ournen.~~A
~o
n udm t t skeepvou~obligation
t
'
buds and blossoming flowers and was bearlng
to
the
sanctuary'
rind
YOUR
obligation t o the
, .;yg;"p
ripe almonds. Moses then brought out all the
EX m : ~ altar," t h a t no further indimation* may occur
rods from More Jehovah to all the sons of
LeZ4:3
-urn 3.32
gain st the sons of Israel. And I, look? I have
Israel and they went looking and taking each
I
CteI:lT
taken
YOUR brothers, the Levites, from among
~e
man his otvn rod.
the sons of Israel," as a giftQfor
tyu fG!17
CDe
8:19
as those
10 Subsequently Jehovah said to Moses: "Pwt
xu lG f6 given t o dchavnh to carry on the service of t h e
Aaron's rod' back before the Testimony as ;gblg.&
E3u 3.12
?u3:.15
tent of m e ~ t i n g . ~ U A nyou
d ancl your sons with
something t o be kept for a signX t o the sons of
Lhu3 9
~i;;
CNY 8:36
YOU
should
safeguard
YOWR
pricsthood ns reTje
31/11!
rebelliousness,* that their m~trmurlngs may
gards every concern of t h e altar*and as regards
$
cease from against me, that they may not die.'In ";',r" & % l o
*Le16:2
what is inside the curtain,' and rau men must
At ance Moses did just as Jehovah ]lad corn- i; :1:i2?
Le 16 12
tIeb 9.3 render service.' As a service of gift I shall give
XU
17
:3
manded him. He did just so.
I =:Web
916
sa ,-:zs YOVR priesthood, and the strenger' drawing
12 And the sons of Israel began to say this t o
Heb 5:1
~~ ~ near should be put to death."
s 3.33
Moses: "Now we are bound to expire," we are O ~ ~ m : -~5~
1 6 : ~
BK~al:m
8 And Jehovah spoke further to Aaron: "As
bound t o perish," w e are all of us hound to
for me, Imk! I have given you the custody of
perish? 1 3 h y o n e approaching,? coming near A;$
the mntsibutionspmacle to me.' Of all the holy
to Jehovah's tabernacle, will die!' Must we end ; :4 ;iy
thiR~oftl~esonsofIt;~nelIhavegiventhemt
*NUl N . 7
up in expiring that way?"'"
Le
7
3
1
19116:10
And Jehovah proceeded to say to Aslron:
"You and your sons and the house of
your father with you will answer for iniquityo m u
cxuYU28:2 offei*ingamade hy iirc, every offering of theirs
against the sanctuary,Omand you ancl your sons $
:; $J::2
pkE3"6212together with every grain offering0 of theirs
with you will answer for iniquity against YOUR
and every sin offering' of thell3sand a . e ~ yguilt7
PB*l
priesthood.* ' And bring near, also, your broth- L, 2 2 9
offerin@
of theirs, which they \\rill return to
,
; Le7.l
ers of the tribe of W v i , the dan of your father, :;;2''QjY5
m
e
.
I
t
i
s
s
omethingmostholyfo~~umdfor
'C*
with you, that they may be joined' to you and

I.

E;

18

'E;

493
your sons. laIn a most holy place you should
eat it.*Every male should eat it.# It should beX,:;8,1
come something holy to yvu."%d
this be- m$ i[),;3
longs to you: the contribution: of their gift Le 7:s
together with all the 5%-ave" offerings" of the :Ft
sons of Lmel. I have given them to you and 452%
your sons and your daughters with you,' as an
& ;$
allowance to time
, Everyone clean ~e 10 1s

wave offering and like the right leg, it shouId become yours. l o All the holy c~ntributions,~
which

"E

0l.c l ~ ~ I. 3
in your house may
Ip j v.7
2L:2
12 " d l tbe kta of t h e oil and aZ1 the bests of
the new wine and the grain of their first fruits,

which they will give to Jehovah, I have given

them to you." " The first ripe fruits of all that eE
is: on their land, which they will bring t o Jeho- 5;
22:$
vah, you1.s it should become.' Everyene clean in *I;.;
I. C1' L 1:L
your house may eat it.
110 $ ) . l U
14 "Every devoted thingb in Israel should
*Le 2 7 : ~
become yours.'
15 "Everything opening the womb,* of every
sort sf flesh, which they will present t o Jehogig
vah, among man and among beast, should become yours. However, you should without fail
redeema the first-born of rn~n&ind,~ and the :g:y~(ja
first-born of the unclean beast you should re- k rn:m
deem." l a &And as a ransom price for it from a *mN:20
month old onward you should pay for it, by the
estimated value, five silver shekels by the shekel
of the sanctuary-j It is twenty ge'rahs.' IiOnly
$:
the first-born ox or first-born male lamb or first-: ! + ;j17
born goat you should not rrdeemlc They are k;~;:~
something holy. Their blood you should sprinkle caw I :q
upon the altar" and their fat you should make '?>::;'"
smoke' as an offering3made by fire for a smell ?k:&F9
of appeasement t o Jehovah." Is And their flesh "1-p 3 5
should become yours.' Like the breast of the "%?.?;?

'E&

c;

PE

Litevally,"fat". a That is, ev@ng

mnde sacred

God by R

NUMBERS 18:19-26

GNU

28:!33

(,NuX:62
De 10.9

rjc 12:12

Jna 1I:5
' 1 ) ~ 16.2

JoQ 1Y14
J o a I:{:na

Jos In.?
PS I r i 5
ELC4 1 4 :28
~ D 12,8
D

the sons of Israel will contribute to Jehovah, 1

have given t o you and your sons and your
daughters3 with you, as an al10wance t 5 t h e indefinite. It is a covenantaof salt4 before Jehovah
and your offspring with youan'
20 And Jehovah went on t o say t o Aaron:
"In their land you will not have an inheritanceQ
and no share uliH become yours in their midst.*
I am your share and your inheritance in the
mldst of the sons of Israel.'
23, "And to the sons of Le'vi, look! I have
given every ,=hB part in Israel as an inheritance In return for their service that they are
carrying on, the sewice of the tent of meeting.@
:d And t h e mns of Israel should no more come
near t o the tent of meeting t o incur sin so as t o
die," And the Levltes themselves must carry on
the service of the tent of meeting, and they are
the ones who should answer for their iniquity."
It is a statute to tlrne,Jnde t e during YOUR
generations that in t h e rnicst of the sons of Isracl they should not get possession of an inherltnncc, " For the tenth part of the sons of
Israel, which they will contribute to Jehovah
as a contribution, I have given to the Levites
as an inheritance.' That is w h y I have said to
them, 'In the midst of the sons of Israel they
should not get possession of an inheritance.' "I
25 Then Jehovah spoke to Moses, saying:
"And you should speak t o the Levites and you
must say to them, "You wiIl receive from the
sons of Israel the tenth part that I have given
to YOU from t h ~ mfor YOUR inheritance, and
YOU must contribute from it as a contribution

P-

495
to Jehovah a tenth part of the tenth part.*
2 y And it must be reckoned t o YOU a
s YOUR contribution, like t h e g ~ a of
h the threshing floor*
and like t h e full produce of the wine or oil press.
2 s In this way YOU yourselves also will cantrib14:18
ute* a contribution to Jehovah from all YOUR 3Ge
Heb 7:2
tenth parts that YOU will receive from the sons Heb 7:9
of Israel, arrd from them YOU must give the contribution to Jehovah t o Aaron the priest. 2 9 From
all the gifts t o YOU, aou will contribute every
sort of contribution t o Jehovah, of the very
best of it,' as some holy thing from them.'
30 "And you must say to them,When YOU
contribute the best of them," then it will certainly be reckoned to the Levites as the produce
of the threshing floor*and as the produce of the
wine or oil press.' SL And YOU must eat3 it in
every place,* YOU and YOUR household, because
it is YOUR wagesmin return for YOUR servicen in
the tent of rneeting.0 a 2 And YOU must not incur
sin' for It when YOU contribute the best from
them, and YOU must not profane the holy
things of the sons of Israel, that you may not
eLi 533
die."'
Le 2215
1 n And Jehovah proceeded t o speak t o
Moses arid ~ a r o n saying:
,
"This is a
statute of the lawDt h a t Jehovah has command- ?$$$'
ed, saying, Speak to the sons of brae1 that they $$
:?;
should take for you a sound red heifera in which oeg;2
there is no defect' and upon which no yokeo has
come.* And YOU must give it to E.le.a'zar the *Le s:la
priest and he must Iead it forth outside t h e LLee 1346
16:n
camp' and it must be slaughteredb before him. ,2%:,%;"

9-Y

ft&","&;

Thnt is, a young cow that has not produced young, bLitwally,
" m d he (or, one) must slaughter it,)' 31; "and they will slaughter
a

it," LXX.

NUMBERS 19 :&I2

Then E.Ie.atzar the priest must take some of

its blood with his finger and spatter some of its
blood straight: toward the front of the tent of
nh4:6
IR 16'14 meeting se_ven timesVo And the heifer mus.t be
Heb 993 burned" under his eyes. Its skin and its flesh
I P C 1:a
and its blood together with its dung will be
"Ex2914
burned.bA
%d
t h e priest must take cedar
Le 4:11
CLe 1 4 4 woodo and hyssop* and coccus scarlep mataterid
Le 14.6
LO 1449
and throw it into t h e midst of the burning of the
+pa51*T
Heb $:19 heifer. And the priest must wash his garmentsx
h~a~1:*
e
1 : 2 5 and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he
kE:$2"4 may come into the camp, but the priest must be
unclean until the evening.
d8 " 'And the one who bunled it will wash his
#ble:m garments In water" and must bathe his PIesh in
water, and he must be unclean until the evening.
'Heb7:aE
9 " 'Then a dean" man must gather up the
9:13 asheso of the heifer and deposit them outside
the camp in a clean place, and they must serve
t h e assembly of the sons of Israel as something
to be kept for the water f o r cleansing.ch It is a
!;713
offering. lo And the one gathering the ashes
g; Byr;: sin
of the heifer must wash his garments and be
mU19:8
unclean until the evening."
" "And it must serve the sons of Israel and the
+Ex 12:19
temporary
resident who is residing for a while
yU%;;
mLez1:~ in their midst as a statute to time indefinite.'
Le 21:r~
xum
Anyone touching the corpse of any human
Nu 9:G
souldBmust then bemclean seven d a y ~ . ~ ~ S u c
s
,!sEF one should purifyu himself with it on the third
dayI and on the seventh day he will be clean.
p$6i25

e d 7

Literally, "And he (or, one) must burn the young c o w , ' W ; "And
they will burn it up," LXX. "Literally, "uith its dung he (or, one)
will bnm," X; "with its dung will be burned? L X X . Or, "water
usad i n oase of menstruation." d "Human sod,'' W, nepk'esl n+da'ai';
LXX,psy.chl' mnpt7~ro'pou;literally, "sod of a man."
a

NUMBERS f9 :13--19

496

Rut if he ~viIlnot purify himself on the third

clay,* then on the seventh day he \vilI not be 'R",1%
clean. 'Tveryone touching a corpse, the soula
of whatever man" may die, and who will not Dm4:29
purify himself, has defiled Jehbv~h's tabern a ~ l e and
, ~ #at soulh must be cut off from Ismel." Because the water" for clerlnsing has not
bcen sprinkled upon him, he cont inucs unclean. xu s : ~
PXU e:;
His uncleanness is still upon him.'
N u 31:14 " This is the law in case a man should die '$;2":"3
in a tent: Everyone corning into the tcnt3 and 33n":27
everyone wha is in the tent will be unclean
seven days. I s And every opened vesselG upon m
~
rvhich there is no lid tied downa is unclcan.

zt$j"li

And everyone who on the open field may touch

someone slain ivith the S\F'OX~. 01% B corpse or a
boneu of a man or a burial, place \%tillbe unclean *seven days, " And they must take for the un-

31m

39:"

clean one some of the dust 01 the burlling of the

sin offering aid put running water upon it in a
vessel. Then a clean man must talcc hyssop' ',N,U$f;9
and dip it into the water and spatter It upon t h e p ~ ~ y g
tcnt nr~dall the vessels and the sw~Is(lthat h n p
pcned to be there and upon the one who touched
the hone or the slain one or the corpse or the
burial place. '"nd
the clean person must spattcr it upon the unclean one on She third dny and
an the seventh day and must purify hlm Prom
sin on t h e seventh day,' and he must wash his
wrments and bathe in water, and he must be su31:19
dean in the evening.
a t~Soal!~
Bi-idently a dead one. N, n ~ p l r ' ~ a hL-XT,
;
psy.cAB'; Vg,

'z+$,::9,,

livc cnc. h1, ncjrli'rsb; L+LP, psgckc'; R?., ~lc~~k'skrc,

C "Tied dolv~r," LSS; +'with n nhlng,': ?I,
d r r S o ~ l ~ 31,
+ ' ? negk'esk, in thc plural nuurhar; L X X , gsu.ckti, in
tlic plural; Yg, Lo'mk.wsrr ("men"),
a ' n r , t ~ a ,b "Sonl." Eridentlg a

20 '"But the man who may be unclean and

who Will not purify himself, well, that soula
must be cut offv from the midst of the congrcgab!onJD because it is Jehovah's smctuaryO
that he has defiled. The water for clamslng was
not sprinkled upon him. He is unclean.
21 " "Andit must serve as a s t ~ t u t eto tfme
indefinite for them, that the one spattering the
water for cleansing should wash h 1s garments,'

also the one touclainy: the water for cleansing.

I-lr! will be unclean until the e v c ~ ~ i n 2?g .And anything the unclean may touch mill be unclean,&
and the soul who touches it will be unclean un~
~
til t h e evening.""
L
And the sons-of Israel, the entire assembly, proceeded t o come into the wiIderncss of Zin" in the first month and Ihe people
toolc up dwelling in Ka'desh.' It was iherc that
MirY.nml-"died and there that she was buried.
2 Now there proved t o be no water for the
assembly," and they began to congregate themselves against MosesC and A~tsan.0a d the
people went to quarreling with Moses and saying: "If only m-e had expired when our brothers expired before Jehovah! 'And why have
rou men brought Jehovah's congrcgatlan into
this wilderness for us and our bensts of burden
t o die tlzere?* And why have you conducted us
up out of Egypt to bring us into this evil place?e
It is no place of seed and figs' and vines: m d
pomegranatesu and there is no tvater t o drink."
Then Moses and Am011 came from before the
congregation to the entrance of the tent of
8 l'Saul,w RI, ~wpl~'r8h;
L a J p$g.chL;' TR,ntni,mla, bhiterallg,

'20

"wit11 Noses mntl ~a$ng,"' 11;but one debrow a~nnnacriptnnd By

~ c b n s l : LLwithM o m and Aaron, aud they w i d {ta them),"

NUMBERS 20 :7-15

498

mcctlnp and fell u p ~ nthelr faces," and Jehovah's; glory began t o appear to them.'
7 Then Jehovah spoke t o Moses, sclyjng:
''Take the rodA and call the a~scmhlytogetherjqyou and Aaron your brother, and You must
speak to the craga before their eyes that it may

'y!+!z
11~18:n
=EX
16:lo
Nul2:5
aEX175

'Nu8:O

indeed give" its water, rend you must bring o u t

water far them from the m g and give the as-Ne9:15
sembly and their beasts of burden drink,"'
PB 'iS:15
9 So Moses tmk the lwd from before Jeho- $; :z$I
verh,O just as he had commancled him, l o After &
t h a t Moses and Aaron called the cot~gregatlon= N U I ~ : ~ O
together before the crag, and he proceeded to say
m14
to them : ""Hear, now, sou rebels!'' 1sit Erom this 'Ntl
;
De 9 %
crag that we- sl1d1 bring out water for
*~;g$g
Witlz that Moses lifted his hand up and struck
the crag with his rod twice,' and much water *J= 1 - a
began t o come out and t h e assembly and their EX 17:6
beasts of burden began t o drink,"
De 8:E
12 Later Jehovah said to Moses and Aaron: iggl$54
Dc 12.2
'"~ecause YOU did not show faithoAIn me to "ANU
u.ar
s~nctifyome before the eyes of the sons of Is- ::: :;2g
x.14
mel, therefore you will not bring this congre- C c 3251
gation into the land that I shall certainly give rs,s:13
tl-rern.'" Is These are the waters of Mer'ibbah,cQ LZe ":n
bccsluse the sons of Israel quarrelcd ~ v i t l lJcho- *%$%
V A ~ I t h a t he might be sanctified(1 among them. J"&Y;t
14 Subsequently Moses sent messengem' f rom 2;; ,2$ia
Ka'desh to the k i n e of E'cl~m:~'
"This Is what 2JYDu 2418
3~: 8
your brother TsraeIP has said: Y o u yourself PS ej:x
lo;:x?
.JXI-..I~
well know all the hardship that has over- *Ge
32:s
IPS
~
taken rts.' *a And our fathers promdecl to go = .eE4G:G
clown t o EgyptE]and rve continued to dwell in ='AC';:IS

SF,!m'pbm. b Literally "and i t

lauat ~ i ~ ~ c Meaning
!'
"Quarreling; a t r l f ~ ;cmtcntion':
Or, "60
tlint hr was snnc-tiffed."
n OF, "~lifl;twokjk";
LXXTg, pertra;

Egypt many days,* and the Egyptfans began

doing harm to us and our fathersBEI " Finally
rm ZG.G ~ V Pcried out t o Jehovah1 ~ n he
d henrd our voice
7 I!)
nnd sent an angelm and broufflltus o u t of Egypt,
I ux 2 23
l l ? ~ x ' ' ~ L : l n and here we are in Ka'dwh, 8 city at the extremity of your territary."n lP Let us pass,
;i:';?;ti5,,
please, through your land,r W e shall not pass
2.:
Ih!
Nu F : 2 6 through a field or a vineyard,- and we shall not
21:10 1 drinli: the water of a 1-rleJ1.'On the king's mad
NU 21:22 \ve shall marc11.s 'IVe shall not bend toward the
339
r i ~ h t "or the left until we shall pass through
your territory.' "
18 However, E'dom said t o him: "You must
not pass through me, for f e ~ Ir may come out
with the sword to meet you.'-ID In turn the sons
of Israel said to him: "By the hf~hwaywe shall
go up, and if I and my livestock should drink
your water, then I shall certainly give the value
~6
of Jt.U I want nothing more than to pasa through
vne P:ZB on my feet.+ ?O Still he said : "You must not
me2;:41 pass through.""
With that E'dorny came on
Ge BZ:A
J K 11:17 out to encounter him with a great many people
Ere R5:J
nm, : i t and a strong hand. So Edorn r~lusedto grant
Israel to pass through his lerritory.c Hence
Y(o,,
*I>lo
1
?g,":;p Israel turned away from him.'
22 And the sons of Israel, the entire wsem'$1 glgjg bly, pr~ceededto pull away from Kddeshmand
to Mount H O ~ . "Then
~
Jehovah said this
E: I .r come
~ S Ia1
t
o
Moses
and
Aaron
i
n
Mount
Hor
by the border
SU33:35
of t h e land of E'dorn: 2 4 "Aaron will be gathered
: :
eGc2s.g
Nu r;:1S to his people; for he will not enter into the land
n c 32 50 that 1 shd1 certainly give to t h e sons of Israel,
on the grounds that r o w men rebelled against
'ma2:Bl my order respecting the waters of Mer'i.bah.*
Take Aaron and E.leaa'zarhis son and bring
"""53:m them up into Mount Hor."
And strip Aaron
Es 12:40

'Ex: 1 3 3
Eu 6:14
,i4.

;A;

NUMBERS 20:27-21 :5

501.

500

Azzg

men must clothe

Ele.a'z-arvhis son, and Aaron will be gathered ,;,!!b,~~;fz
I.~
ln.lfi
and must die there."
XU ?!I6
27 So Moses did just as Jehovah had corn- vpl0.r;
manded, and before the eyes of all the assembly iiz
they went climbing Mount Hor, Then Moses J g 2w2'
stripped Aaron of his garmentst and clothed -EY 29
Enle#afzar
his son with them, after which Aaron
cllecl3 there on the top of the mountain, and ~?J;T;I:~
Moses and E.le.a'zar came on down from the ; ; ; y k ;
mountain. " And all the assembly got to see
that Aaron had expired,0 and all the house of >Job J:11
Israel continued weeping3for Aaron thirty days.' vCD,"&4:
1)c 3.1 q
Now the Catllaan.itethe king of A'rad' try,
. ;i7 10
who dwelt in the h'eg'eb' got t o hear jy,"$''
2 L 25
that Israel had come by the w a y 0 of Ath'a.rirn, 9\11
u 1;3 2
and he begm to fight with Israel and carry
away some of them as captives. ' Consequently
Israel made a vow2 to Jehovahh and mid: '"1 ~ h ' u 8 0 : ~
- 52118
you will without fail give this peoples into my 'Nu
&(;a 24:
hand, then I s11d certainly devote their cities ;g nn:.~o
153
to destm~tion."~So Jehovah listened t o 1s- 07.p 2 ~ 4
rael's voice" and gave the Catnaan,itesover and ,:Fq'$?-?
they devoted themb and their cities t o destruc- 'I'" "''.'7
tion. Hence they called the name of the place IrfSJ';:",;
*X\I sL:;q
Hayma h .c9
IXW 11:23
4 While they continued trekking from Mount ,g;
Hor' by the w a y of the Red sea to go around
;;; ;$the land of E'dorn,' t h e soul of the peopIe b e g ~ n.
A$;
;ii:i
tiring out because of the waymDAnd the people in . ~ N : I R
bEx l l . 1 1
kept speaking against God' and Moses: "Why 1,;~15 s~~
have YOU brought us up out of Egypt t o die $;:i;t3

of hB garmentsd. and

YOU

21

.<
1

,;I;:

Or, "~joutll?'That

part of! nnci~rlt Pnle~tirte,

b ''Them," 8n19tmSy; '.him," LXXTg. JI~nning''A devoting ( t o
d~truction)";&T, ''A.nathJe.ms"; Pg, C'Uor'mn,that is, i L ~ ~ a t b ' e.mn."

is, the southern

NUMBERS 21 :6-13

in the .rvildemess,*for there is no bread and no

water, and our souln has become disgusted with
$ 2 the contemptible bread.'" 'So Jehovah sent poiC ~ e g : 1 5 s o n serpentso
~ ~ ~ among
~
the
and they
mDe 8.15
Isa ii:as kept biting the people so that many people died
Jcr 36.17
Isa
~ 1 : ~out of Israel."
Am 9:3
7 Finally the people came t o Moses and said:
nlca 10:s
'We have ~ l n n e d , ~because
"
we have spoken
against
Jchoval~
and
against
you.
Intercede with
$","7;j;g
Jehovah that he may rcmovc the serpents from
rEx
lKi 8:s
l?l:B
upon us."l And Moses went interceding in bet""sF1l
half of t h e peop1e.t & Then Jehovah said to
De 8 20
Moses: "Make for ~roukselfa fiery nlalrec and
place it upon a signal pole. And it must occur
that when anyone has k e n bitten then he has
UPS1m44
to look at it and so must keep aliveVwuMoses
v2Kn8:4
a t once made a serpent of copperv and placed i t
urJoh 3:14 upon the signal pole,w*and it did occur #at if a
Joh 8 2s
a01112:a serpent had bitten a man and he gnzed~a t the
yZec 12:lO
copper serpent then he did lreep alive."
S O l:29
~
10 After that the sons of Israel pulled away
~~b3:13
Ga
12:~
and encamped in O'b~th."~ Then they pulled
L$,"161+0
e " ~ a : A 3 away fwrn O'both ~ n encamped
d
In I'ye-ab'a"urn4
rim,dUin t h e wilderness that is toward the front
a~22:3 of&f~'ab,~totvardtherisingaf
tI~esun.~~~Fm
W u 25:1
there they pulled away and took up camping by
2x3
the torrent vat ley of Ze'red.' From there they
pulIed away and went camping jn the region of
Oh% 22.36
zxu 52133 the Ar'non,' which is fn the wilderness t h a t ex, ~ the
'$?;& tends from the bsorcler of the A m ' ~ r . i t e sfor
:"$;,.& Ar'non* is the boundary of Mo'ab, between
a l.Soul.f' Y,H ~ ~ ~ ' P RLAX; X , ~ P P I I ~ c
T~K~~
n'ni.vn~t.
; ' ~
4 Or, "flery;
'hm3

infla~~~~nation-cnusi~~g:,
LXS, fit3ratl~-~cnlinR'"
; Vg, fLAcry;glorving."
f l e q snnlr~." 31, arr.~t~1371'l ~ ~ o l i ~ l n t "poisonous"
ed
in
-wlnae 6; L 9 , ocpkia; T7g, S C ~ ~ J F d
~ ~
~ R~ e
. n n i ndllow
R ljrnps of the
crossings (fords)", or, "ruitla of the burtlcrinnd." Tie- locntien is
uncertain, but if was Bear tLc f o l ~ c n rvl~llcyof Ze'red.

Mo'ab and the Am'or.ites. l4 That is why it is

saidinthebook~'oftheWarsofJehovah:
"Va'heba in Su'phah and the torrent valleys
of Ar't~on,')'"and the mouth of the torrent
valleys, which has bent itself torvard the 8ent
of Ar' and has leaned against the border of

2236

EL?
,:2s:;1l7l31 : l ~

lau 19:4

* X U 32:q
Dl. 2 . , u

1 ),? 28 7

;Z?i1!

A~~~~~
111. "129

Mo'ab."
I \ , ! 15:1
K
16 Next from there on t o Be'er,cpThis is the ~ J !$:?I
!vello about which Jehovah said to Moses: w2su17'18
"Gathet. the people and let me give them water."' 'NU m8
17 At thai tihe Israel proceed& to sing; thisl3Jas:l
-.-.. .-.,
Lu:l
song:@
I'M 1os:a
p g lop12
"'Spring up, Q well?Respond to it, YOU people!
"NU22:S
3s "A well, prIncesD dug it. The nobEesQi
the pmE~eexcavated it,
"With n camrnmider's staff,With their own
NJ'J!.X

Then from the wilderness on t o MatPta.nah.

*%nd Prom Mnt'ta-nah on to Na.hal'i.el, and
from Na.hnItl~clon to Baboth.* :"And fro111 n J o l l3:17
Batmoth on to the valley that Is in the field ol
>Io'ab,*at the head of Pis'gah,' and it projects
K I I ;t?..i9
aver toward the face of Je~h'l~rnon.~"
CNll 2J 14
7 ; ~
21 Israel now sent messengers to Si'hon' the lI,Cl c .I.-lS
IJP.?.?.~
king of the Am'or.ites, saying: 'a ''Let me pass Ax3 2 1:25
through your land.' We s11all not turn off into a or,, 2 26
field or a vjneyard. We s11aIT drinlr water of no ,$y,1'0:11"7
well. On the king's wad we shall march until we
..'Ta%ph!' Untlcwtmd to he thr IlnniP of R phce nenr thr hr'non.
Ley, 26.0l1' = Xn.kab', meanina "C;ultlM, A R Q ~ I ~rnnnuseript
IW
was hers fnurirl lo put this with Ihr! preceding partirle ( r l k ) to
read RS one xra10d ( ~ t k . ~ ~ ~ l ~whirh,
u b ' } itccnrding
,
ta llrc hr,n.mrt'ie
language w o ~ ~ l mcntt
tl
"he [Jehnvnh j gnr.e hirns~lf [to tlrv whirlwittd]". & Ta, .#habo did in the Rcrl nr-11, so he \v\.ill rlo in tlir torr'ents of Ar'llnn." * Meaning '*TVt.llg1.d Or, ':genero~~q
dvcra.'' * Or,
"With a cu~rl~llnndcr,
mth thdr r~ilcrra,'~
f Or, "the .rlchct%( ~ l c l e r -

ness),!' LIAt:Vg,

&
*Jeli:a
I

:$\fz1

Cr)~2:19
?kt

%l:P3

1)~3:16

p a ~ through
s
your territ~ry.''~
a x And Slthan did
not t:llo~vIsrael t o pnss through his territory?
but Si'hon gathered all his people and went out
t o meet Israel in the rvkldemess, and cnme to
da'haz' and began fighting with Israel. l"t that
Ismel, stmck him with the edge of the sward
and took possession of his landr from the Ar'nono t o the J a b ' b ~ knenr
, ~ the sons of Arn'rnon,O
hecat~seJa'zerk" is the border of the sons of

v"
Am'monmb
25 SO Israel took all these cities and Israel
41:o 7!4
rrn 1 5 ~ 4 b e g ~ ndwelling in all the cities of the Arn'or.'<.r 48:2
fixu 3rn Ltes,"" Henh'bonAand all its dependent towns.@
,ru& 15:45
w
im
Jo8 1211 ?" For H e s h ' h was the city of Si'hon.' He u
"nc2.X
the
king
of
the
Am'or.Ites,*
and
i
t
was
he
who
JI:I f 19
1 ~ u 1 ~ 5 : n fought with the king of Mo'ab formerly and
tlI:tr 10 16
: vent taking dl his land out of his hand as far
c:'i
15:16
r.:\- 3:s RS the Ar'non.' " That is why the
r'l ,c 32322
LSU X : L

l(:h 6:52
2.12

1
I

--.--

Hmh'bon, Let the city of Sithan be

be proved firmly set up. 2q For a Are
out of Hcsh?mn,* a flame from the

town of Si'hon, It has consumed Are of Mo'i ~ 1n5:l

c,-,, 2 ~ : a b~1 0 ~the ownersf3 of the higho places of the
E ~ 3u3 5 2
Ar'nun. ?"?-bad
far you, .Mo'ab!LYau will
$
e
f
l
~
i
n
l
y
p
l
i
s
h
,
Q
~
piople of Che'rnosh!' He
F,y:lf;i'y
allll
certainly
give
his
sons as escaped ones
$
;
:
and his daughters in the captivity t o the Iring
6Gf 49:23
of the Amkr.ites, Si'hon. " So let us slmot"
23a 11:Zl
at them. Hesh%bo nvill certahly perish up to

1
Y
1

m"Ja'zer," LXX; 'As, bFSnm. Bee rrme 32. b Pg, "heaitnm the
borders of tlie An~'~uon-ite*were held by a ~tronp. ~nwison."
Literally, "all ih drr~~qhtms.'~
r' Or. "Myers of pmverhr; rhrtpR O ~ ~ S ~ R . "' ' C O I I B ~AT
I ! ~of~ ~tbc lfo'nl).rt~s," Vg; "rn~~humr.dns
Enr os &'a1)," I J X . "The OWIOPA,'.' R l ; H, Klttel S I I ~ ~ P ill~ ~ A
stwd, the rentling Bnitab.

NUMBERS 21 :31-22:4

505

504

Di'bon,' and -the womena up to Ndphah, the

Inn 15:2
men up to Med'e-ba.*'b*
Jcr .15:1R
s r 1:o
~
g
31 And Israel began to dwell En the land of ~ l<+?l
1:I:'J
the Am"sr.ites.' Then Moses sent some to ex- .NU 32.33
plore Ja'zeru and they capturd 1& dependent :',C,31if;
towns" and dispossessed the Amror.ites who Z?; gii;,
were there. 8 W t e r that they turned ancl went
up hy the tvay of Ba'~han."~
At this Ogpthe king .:;li4,?;33
of Ba'shan came out to meet them, he and all Ija;;,;;
2 2 ~ 7
his people, to the battle of Edfrebi.O3"Jeovah
Jtlfi 9.10
1.20
now said to Moses: "Do not be afraid3 of him,"
for into you^ hand I shall certainly give himn ":::',';${
and all his peopIe and his land, and you must da 'U,P,$&
to him just as you did t a Sj'hon, the king of the;;l~:~;;;
AmFor.ites, who used to dwell in Hesll'hon."'
;:n
3%0 they went striking him and his sons and all a r l:*;.lo
his people until there was no survivor wrnainIng to hirnjn and they went taking possession = ~ , " s ~ ~ : , ,
A.~UY1 2 : ~
of his land,"
Then the sons of Israel pulled away and , N 2~1:q
encamped on the desert plalns of Mo"hb :i $!ij;Li
across the Jordano from Jer'bchamoa Ant1 BaF-FF;I-:
lalc"the son ofZip'poP got t o see all ahat Israol -F;;:~:,
had done to the Am'or-ites.%d Motab became C J O B2 i:o
very fright e n d at the people because they were
many, and Mo'abs began t o feel a sickening dread
of the sons of IsraeI."dnA"
Mo'nb proce~dcdto
i5S3
say to the older men of Mid'i.an : "Now this con- .$!!U,i:;
pegationc will lick up all our sumundin.m lf ke
the ox licking up the green growth of the field.'"
a 4 ' T h o women," LXT. b The Hebrew line hare is o m of tho 1h

.:;;

22

'yz

plncea mal-ked with an extraordinaty point hg tllc Kopheriin na A

testnnl criticism. G i ~ m gralue ta this, n-c rrtldrr the l i n o nq nbovt~,
1311t i ~ n o r i nthe
~ extraordinal7 pointing, we would render the ITch r ~ wline: "So let us lay it desolnte to So'phnl~, wtrhicl~i~ nrnr
Jf@dPe+bn,"See Numbess 3 ; 39, footnotee. 0 " T h i ~congrgntion,"
I,,LYSnmSyTl'g; "the congregation,'! N.

NUMBERS 225-12

And Ba'lak' the son of Z1p"or was king@of

Mo'ab
at that particular time. He now sent
Rc 2:14
FSU 2x1
messengeE to 13a'lmmax the son of &'orr at
exu 24:s
zJl;de
IE Pe'thor,"which is by the riverRa0
of the land of
the sans of his people, to call him, saying:
i 2 ~ 2.15
ADe23.4
e
bGe15:18
"Look! a people has come out of Egypt. Look!
they have covered the earth as far as one can
'G@ I3:Ie seeh' and they are dwelling right in front of me.
Ex 1:7
'"e":3
And now do came, please; do cursee this peoD e 23:4
J Q 24:g
~
ple
for me, for they w c mightier than I am.
X e 132
Perhaps I may be able to strike them and I may
drive them out of the land, for I well know that
cDekll
whomever you may blessL is a blessed one and
ivhomever you may c u ~ iss cursed."
~
? So the older men of Rlo'ab and the older
*De 18-10 men of Midrl.an tmveld with the payments for
2 ~ 1f:17
i
divinationuin their hands and went to Balaam'
EZze 21:21
16:ls and spoke to him Ba'Eak's words. a At that h e
mJ2u d~ ee2:15
1~
said to them: "Lodge here tonight and I shall
'{; gj;2 certainly return YOU word just as Jehovah may
22:40 speak t o me,"u AccordSngly the princeso of Motab stayed with Ba'laam.
AGe20:8
9 Then God came t o Ba*laarnhand said: "Who
Ge 31~24
are these men with you?" ' " S o 13a'laam said
'NU =:a
t o God: T3a'Iak* the son of Ziprpor, the king of
Mo'ab, has sent to me, sayingqd"'Look! the
people who are coming out of Egypt, and they
go covering the earth' as far as the eye can see.
K
U
~
NOW
do come, do execrnte* them for me. PerO Y u 2331
iku 24:10 haps I may be able to Aght against them so that
I shall certainIy drive them out.' " 2 a But God
said to Ba'laam: "You must not go with them.
31?

'3 11%
dc6k

Evidently

the En.phsettes rivm, which ia frequently designated

"the River". literally, 'kcovered the eye of tho e~rth." "God,"
31, ha-ES.o.kim'; LAAT, ko Th~.os'. Bee horJu8 f 8 : 18; 1.9: 3;
Gene& 17:18, footnoted, "Saj-ing:' LSXSyVg.
f

You must not curse the people,"or

they are

'

wleB:S
ace33:2

blessed."*
Ce Y2:17
13 After that Balaam gat up in the morning ?
:
;%
;
md said to t h e princes of Ba'lak: "'Go to YOUR
country, because Jehovah has refused to let me
go with YOU."' l4
SO the princes of Mo'nb got *hm:a
22:a
up and came to Ba'lakc and said: "Ba'laarn has
refused to come with us."
15 However, Ba'lak sent again other princesn 4JR7:23
in greater number and more honorableo than 0DsE:IO
the former. I d In hrrn they came to Ba'laarn and
said t o him: "This is 1vha.t Ba'lak the son of
Zip4par has said, 'Do not be detained, please,
from corning to me. For I shall nmithautfail
honor: you greatly and everytlling you may say bg;5F>l
t o me I shall do, So do come, please. Do ex+
crate' thjs peopIe for me.' " But Balaam an- *%
sllrered and said to the servants of Ba'lak: "If
Ba'lak were to give me his house full of silver
~ n gold,"
d
should not be able to pass beyond mne ~ a a
the order of Jehovaho my Gad so as to do some- 3ae8:5
thing small or great.. "'And
now YOU men a l ~ oaz,y;ln4
stay here, please, tonight that I may know w h ~ t
o h1 : ~
further Jehovah' will speak with me."'
'Rc 23:s
20 Then Goda came to Ea'laarn by nl ght and .rude 11
said to him: '73 it is to call you that the men
have come, get up, go with them,* But only the "$,$:;:
word that I shall speak to you is what you rnny
speak." " After that Ba'laam gat up In the
n~orningand saddled his she-ass and went with *;+)!:?
2 ~ X:IR
e
the princes of Mo'ab."
.lurlc I1
22 And the angerS of God%began to blaze O N L I : B : I ~
because he was going, and Jehov~h's' ~~gel"&$&e
pi-oceeded to station himself in the raad to re- L
j: $.i2aa

i
A

z:;

a ' ' O ~ t l ,MLXX'VgSp;

~
"the angel of God," Bn~n.b4'&d," 3UXX1:pSq';"Jehovrrh~' Saru and one Hebrow mnnumript.

I
I

siSt him.ao And he was riding upon hb s h e a s

and twlra attendants1' of his were with him.
23 And the ass got to see Jehova11's angel staOm13:=
tioned in the road with his drawn sword' in his
hand,g and the ass tried to turn aside from the
(:g$zg
Da I O : ~ road that she might go into the field, but Ba'AC az:9
h a m began t o strike the ass in order to turn
@"2:1
her aside t o the raad, "' And Jehovah's angel0
kept standing in the nwrorv may between the
oB6:11
~ineyarcls,~
with a stone wvnll on thjs sidc and
a stone wall on that side. P6 And the she-ass kept
seeing Jehovah's angel and began to squeeze
herself against the wall and so l o squeac Ba'1aam"sfoot against the nrall, and he went to
beating her some more.
26 Jehovah's angel now passed by again and
stood in a narrow place where there was no way
When
%y;g11 t o turn aside to the right or the left.'3IT
the ass got to see Jehovnli's angel she now lay
down under Bdlaam, so that Batlaam's anger
* ~ ~ 1 4 : l blazed,=
e
and he kept beating the ass with his
Pf 27:3
staff. 2TinallyJehovah opened the mouth of the
ass" and she said t o Ba'laam : "Whnt have I done
*%
%
;:
LU 1:37
to
you so that you have beaten me these three
i C 0 1:19
* 2 ~ e 2 : times?'''
~
'"At this Ba'laam said to the ass: "It
is because you have dealt ntthlessly with me. If
only there were R sword in my P~nnd,for by now
I s h ~ u l dhave killec13 yo~t!"' :I(' Then the sheass
;g:g::fsO
EC9:3
said to Ba'laarn: "Am 1 not your shc-a~sthat
you have ridden upon all your life long until this
day? Have I ever bee11 used to do to you this
~vay?"*
To which he said: "No!" And Jehovah
*;gi;g proceeded
to uncover Ba'Ianm's eyeso so that he
0
&
2
;
:
;
+
I C ~ I2i:16 saw Jehovah's angel stationed In the road with
Literally, '"in the road as a mistor of him'' b Or, ''barn; young
424

rued'

509
his drawn sword in his hand. At once he bowed
low+and prostrated himself on his face,
+EX
PS 934
2%
0
32 Then Jehovah's angel said to him: "Why
have you benten your she-ass these three times?
Look! 1-1 have come out to offer resistance, b e
cause your way has been headlong3 against my
wiLE And the she-ass got to see me and tried @g;#
to turn aside before me tlrese three times, Sup- r d ~ ~ $ j ; ~
posing she had notb turned aside from before me? zpe 2 1 5
For by now even you I should have killed, but
her I shaulrl have preservedJ alive.'""" At this c D e m l s
Ba'laam said to Jehovah's angel: '7have sinned,='F&F~2r
n 2fi:2L
because I did not know that it was you stationed 1s
2Sa 1 Z : l J
in the road t o meet me. And now, if it is bad in
youreycs,' Ict me go my may back." "But Jeho- '1Chfl:'
vah'a ~ n g esl ~ l to
d Ba'lanm : "Go with Ihe men,' "PS 81:u
and nothjng but the word that I shall spealc t o
yon is fv hat j'ou may speak."" bnd Baleam con- *NU
SNU =:IS
tinued going with the p~incer;of Ba'lak,;
36 When Ba'lak got t o hear that Ea'laam had
come, he at once \I-mt out t o meet him a t the city
of Mo'ab, which is on the bank of the Ar'non,' One a:a4
which is on the extremity of the territory,= ~
~
~
~7ThenBa'laksaidtoBa'laam:"HaveInot fora E;i2;8
fact sent to you to call you? Why did you not - Jf .e~r a16:2
245:s
corne t o me? Am I not really and truly ~ b l teo
honor
At this Ba'laam said to Ra'lak: *B,"?$::dl
"Here 1 have come to you now. Shall I be able at
all to speak somethinglffThe word that God will *$,S giiy
place in my mouth" is what I shall speak."'
G*NU
N U m2
2~16
39 30 Ba'laam went with Ba%k and they ;2: $!:
came to ICirPI.ath-hu'zoth. And Ba'lak pro- ~ D l5:21
Q
c e d e d t o sacrifice0 cattle ~ n sheep"
d
ancl to 'g;$;::';::
a 'Tour wny is not elegant (cl~nrniing; ,wd) ," A X - ; #Soartray h
perve~~e,')
Yg. b "Unless sLe jtlie she-ass] bad,"' LX,TVg; "perhaye
shc knil," 31.

NUMBERS 22: 41-23 :7

send some to Bdlaam and the pdncese who were

with him. And it came about in the morning
that Ba'lak went taking Bn'laarn and bringing
up to &'moth-ba'al'b?" that he might see1)
z$$F:'lB him
from there the whole of the people.b
W U 2'I:l
Then Ba'lamo said to Baqak: "Build
:
for
me on this spot seven altarsc' and
-1sa limm
2 K I ls.22 make ready Ifor me on this spot seven bulls and
32:14 Seven rams."* Ba'lak imrncdiately dld just as
Ba'laarn hnd spoken. After that Ba'lak and Batoffered up a b d and a ram on each altar,cm
*% ;$$ laam
And Ba'l~amivent on t o say to Ba'lak: " S t a m
tion yourself by your burnt offering' and let me
x ~ u \ $ ~ ~
go. Perhaps Jehovah will get in touch and meet
nNum:a with me." In that case whatever he wilE show
me I shall cert~inlytell you." So he went upon

ENU

Ec,";;;;3

23

a bare hill.
4 When God got in touch with Ba'laam' he
then said t o Him: "I set the seven altars in
r o w and 1 proceeded t o offer up a bull and a
oNu23:1 ram on each attar."ct Accordingly Jehovah"
put a word in the mouth of Ba'lamA and said:
*E$::$
Iga61:1fi
1:o ~ L ' R
n 13a11akrand this is what you n-ill
$dcr
~e t ~ r,ta
( N L2.~~3
~
speak."
So he returned to him and, look! he
CSu :! 1 17
and all the princes of Mo'aW
stationed by
* T$
J O 7,
~:
':I:L
.It 1,,~34 his burnt afTering.@ And he proceeded t o take
,F$:G e 341
cj22
iaup his proverbialc utterance and t o say: "
"From Krame3 Ba'lak the king of Mo'ab
c ; ~2u.r~
Nu z,..
tried t,o c o ~ ~ d ume,
ct
ne Y:I,.I
'Mu 22:m

a Mcnuing NHigh plnrm of Ba'al". The nn'nlr of the Ca'nnan.itp~

nsnfllly bnd names d c n o t i ~ ~tll~ir
g
h i t i g ottnched to spwiRc locnlitioa. Such nnlues Iatcr cniile to he trsnsf~r.rcrIhy a figure of apere11
(tnetouyniy) t o the locnli t i e s tliemselvcs, tm, for example, lln'nlher'lnon; Ba'al-ha'mr; Rn'nl-ze'phon. b Or, "rind he pot to aec."
CLiterallg, "on the n l t n r , ' q S a m t X X ; "on the altnm,"Sy.
d"Jchovnl~," h1; "Gotl," LXX; "the nngd of Jehocuh," Snln.
a ~ ~ A ~MSamSyVg
~ ~ , J ;)1t31ea.o.po.tn'mi.a,"LXX.

NUMBERS 23 :8-13

510

511

NUMBERS 23 :14--21

please, with me to another place from which

you can see them." Only the extremity of them
Yggig
X!CG 5
you will see,' m d you d l 1 not sce dl of them.
'Uu P'1
3493
nkU 61:r And execrateu them for me from there." " So
"Ho\-v muId I execrate those whom God""
Jos 2 2 9
-NU2a:11
AN" 21.20 he took him to the Aeld of Za'phim, to the top
h a not execrated?'
Nu 24:10
of Pis'gah,* and pmceeded t o build seven altars
'"And
how could I doom those whom Jehovah
;
and to offer up a bull and w ram on each altm.b
has not doomed?"
wTau
r a~:,m
.17:12
"11 2 2 9
l5 After that he snjd to Baqlak : '"Station pour"Far from the top of the rocksDI shall O D O S : ~ ~
Isa 1:11
+ N U ~ ~ self
S
herebyyourbumtorJering'and, nsforme,
see them,b
Xu 23.2
let me get in foucll with him there." Subse"And from the hillso I shall behold them.
quently Jehovahngot In touch with 13a*laamand
"There as a people they keep tenting
a word in his moutho and said: "Return to
isolated,"
IXI ~ 5 . 3
eXU
;:gi2p1:l put
Ea'lak,'
and this js n1l~flt
you will speak." " So he
"And among the nations theyc do not reckon &?&T
t 3 u 2210
'i'lt 2.14
came to him and, look! he was station&! by his
themselve~.~
I
OJm534 burnt offering, and the princes" of Me'ab with
I P "Who has numbered the dust3 particles ,
3Jcr
g;94r;:B
i
him. Then Ba'lak said to him: "What has Jehoof Jacob,
vahsp~l~een?"~~~Attl~i~h~to~k~tp
:
"And who has counted the fourth pmtd of!
*g;,3?TT
;:p!;",:*
-NU 2 3 : ~ bid utterance' ancl said:
Israel
ciI ' Y ~ ~ 1 . 1 :
Job 2 i : l
h l t 13:M
"Let my soule die the death of the upright o 1'0l ; ~1,1fi:M
37:3T
"Get up,O Ba'l~k,and listen.
0Jg 3%
1-'r 111'7
ones,
"DO
give ear la me,0 son of Zip'pormA
$
"And let' m y end turn out afterward like ..~:~>~:~!&'$4 ;$~9
l o "GodVs net a man that he should tell Iies,d
Ps 89 35
theirs."*
ynb 2:3
IIS R
I ~25:s
N:IO
~
"Neither a son of mankind that he should
Ao 11 :29
11th l.\,ld
feel sorry.
11 At this Ba'lak said to Bet'laam: 'Whati .lohfi:2!l
?Has he himself s d d it and id11 he not do it.
have you done to me? It was in order to exe- Ac 21:15
'2'21
"And has lle spoken and will he not c a r r i
crate my enemies3 that I took you, and here '""
+rsa14%
you have blessed them te the limit."e "In turn
Isa 41211
gi:J
h:fc7:Zfr
heanswered andsaid: "Isitnot whateveraeho- ~p~;;$a
r D "LOOk! X have been takenc to bless,
wCe M:2
vah may put in m y mouth that I should take
"'And He has blessedL]'and I shall not reG e n-17
KU 2212
care t o speak?""
verse it."
*NU
NU n:s8
2.1:13
*Nu mi18
Ma1 3:6
13 ;ken Ba'lak said t o hlm: "Do come,
B1 "He has not looked upon any uncanny
*De 26;14
powero"'against Jacob,
1
%
1523
"God!' Y,El; vg, Derus; LXX, E!j'raiaaa
("Johovnh") , b fiterrall?

"mrnthe mountains of t h e east:

" 'Do COME, do curse JacobCfor me.
" "Yw,do come, do declare Israel's doom.'

:NU 24:s

tx

"hi~n,'~that is, Jacob, 01 Israel AS n people. a Lilcmlly, "l~e,

Probably to be read, "counted tbe myriads (ten thnumndn)"; or,
according to the mar&al notes of hi, "rountcd the rlnst aloudn."
~ ' 8 0 ~ 1 31,
. ' ' nepla'esh; LXX, py.ckbY; I.-gl dai.nra. "Theirs:'
1,X18~
Pg ; ' ' h v Usam.
d

n"Jehovah," If; "Qod," LAX? "thn angel of Jol~ovah," Bard.

bC'God.:>M, El: L X X , ?lo T k p . 0 8 ;Vg,Dn'tru. a '-1h n ~ ebcea tnlcei~.'j
L S S S g V g ; "I have tnken [the cou~annnrFj,"M. d "He bns Mmed,"
31; "I shall bless," LXXSaur. *Or,'.upor m y d t e 01 ~ahw,*'

NUMBERS 23 :22-28

513

512

"And no misfortune has he seen against

t o the top of Pe'or," which looks toward Jesh'imon." "'en

Baflaamxsaid t o Ba'lak: "Build

n ~ ia:z
x
Ex 29:45
Ex 3 4 9

Israel.
Jg 6:13
"Jehovah his God is with him,u
Isa 8 : l O
M t 1:23
"And the loud hailing of a kingA is in his *ne
335
Ps 473
midst.
Ps 89:18
wP"Godais bringing themb out of Egypt.* Ps 97:1
33:22
"The swift course like that of a wild bullC Isa
Re 13:6

for me on this spot seven altars and make ready

for me on this spot seven bulls and seven rams."
30 SO Ba'lak did just as Earlaam had said and he
offered up a bull and a ram on each altar.
'1
When Ba'laamo got to see that it was
good in the eyes of Jehovah t o bless
Israel, he did not go away as at the o.ther times"
to come upon any unlucky omensan but he directed his face to the wilderness. T h e n Ba'laam proceeded t o raise his eyes and see Israel
tenting by his tribesf then the spirit9 of God
came to be upon him. Hence he took up his

24

0
4%1,6
i s his.+
"For there is no d u c k y spelI against ,g$&?T
Jac~b.~
mLe 1n:m
Nu 22:G
"Nor & ~ y divination* against Israel.
Nu 241
*h-u 2 2 3
"At this time it may be said respecting Jacob De 1 ~ 1 0
and Israel,
ZKI
Eze 17:17
21:21
M I C 3:11
" 'What has Godd worked out!'*
Ac 15:16
P4 "Behold, a people will get up like a lion,eD
"And like the lionf it will lift itself up.' I';alg2
"It will not lie down until it may eat prey, n* 11333
35:19
"
'd
the blood0 of slain ones i t -411 drink."r 3Nu
*Ge 48:9
Nu
2B:S
25 At this Ba'lak said to Ba'laam: "If, on the 13e 33:20
Pr
30:30
one hand, you cannot execrate him a t alI, then, m a 31:4
Drr 2:44
on the other hand, you should not bless him at Mic
5:s
Zec lo:?
all."" zG In turn BaYIeamanswered and said t o Re 19:l~
Ba'lak: "Did I not speak to you, saying, 'All aps 2:7.
that Jehovah wiU speak is what I s h d l do'?"O
27 Then Ba'lak said t o Ba'laam: "0 come,
please. Let me take you to still another place.
Perhaps it will be right in the eyes of Godg so
that you will certainly execrate him for me
from there,"' 2a With that Ba'Iak took Ba'laam
Dh *U:&

2a

If,El; LXXj ( h o ) ~ 1 r s . o ~ Vg,

' ; Da'us.

MSamXg ;
"hhi," LXTVg. Or, "a buffalo." "Unicorn," L a ; "rhinoceros,"
s t ; Ds'ua. *2Ie1~ethe
vg, "God." hfSarn: El; L=, 110 T ~ ~ c L o Trg,
Hebrew g i r e s the Asian word f o r "LionA'. The African Lion.
g "God?' 11, ha-EF.o.kimf; LIXX, ho T7is+osP;
Vg, D ~ ' I ~Compare
s.
Genesis 6 :11,footnoteg.
a

"Clod!'

b "Them,"

NUMBERS 23 :29-24 :6

Wps 2219

a s u 2:2
A I F u 2:32

CIsa 55:11.
J c r 31:12
Joe 325
FDe 1:7

proverbialC utterance and said:

"The utterance of Ba'laam the son of Betor,'
"And the utterance of the manb with the eye
unsealed,c@
"The utterance of the one hearing the
sayings of God,""
''Who gat t o see a vision* of the Almighty
"While falling down>vith the eyes uncovered :
"How good-Iooking are your tents, 0 Jacob,O
your tabernacles," 0 Israel!"
"Like torrent valleys they have extended
a long way,A
"Like gardenseoby the r i ~ e l - , ~
"Like aloc plantsf that Jehovah has planted,
"Like cedarsz by the waters.

Or, :,spell;' that iis, ngainst Israel, $ c'lhn." 31, geb'er, a virile,
al~le-bodiedperson; L X I , as'thra.poa; Vg, hoP?no. Or, "unrelenting eye." "'God."
h1, El; Vg, D d ~ r s ;L X X , "the mighty one."
"Like paradises,', LdLYSy. p"AIoe plants:' 31; "tents," LXGPyVg.
A proposer1 rentling is, "ngomus tr8eesTor, "big trees."

NUMBERS 24:7-13

514

515

NUMBERS 24:l-9

?"Water keeps trickling from his two

*Nu =:18 I spenk 1s what I shall speakt?*" And now here I
leather buckets,'
+PB
Pr m:x
5:18
' am going away to my people. Do come, let me
is13 2:B
"And his seed is by many waters.
8:s
advise you" what this people will do to your
l u h I :48
"His k i n e also will be higher than A8gag,a9~lrp
2:10
afternard h the end of the days."" l3 So
no
I!+:la
"y;r\%,
D,::',people
"Ancl his kingdom will be l j f t d up.*
'1Sn 15:32
11e
look
up his proverbial utteranceband said:
I
237
J o b 2r.l
""db
is bringing him out of Egypt;'
'"'
I K 4~
5:'L
:~:
1'5 -IF, ?
"The
utterance of Ea'laam the son of Be'or,
~t 1 3 : ~
' m e swift mum of a wild bull= is h k
lie I2:44
1111
!::$
'''
12'1a
"'And
the
utterance of the mana with the eye
"He will consume the nations: his oppres- .$; ,;I;
*NU
unsealed,h*
BUc
2k?
N U 2.1 :3
SO~S,"
"The utterance of the one hearing the
"And their bones he wiZl gnaw and he will zIanm:NS
auu 14:4
sayinm of Gd,fs
break them to pieces with his armws." cEg'*
OD% 4:42
$'And
the one knowing the knowledgeQof the
* "He bowed down, he lay down like the
Most Highbe a*
lion,eo
*csr5:1a
"A vision' of the Almighty he got to see
12:s
"And, like a lion: who dares muse himPa pu$l;$4 nu
na8:x
1:s
"While fnllingdo~vn#
wit11 the eyes uncovered:
"Those blessing you are the ones blessed,
n~8 : ~
l 7 "I shall see him,* but not now;
"And those cursing you are the ones cursed,""^ ;g; 3;;s
* J U ~19 n
"I shaI1 behoId him, but not near.
(PI)C I :IO
nJcr 23,3
10 At that Ba'Iak's anger blazed against Ba'- Gc 2i:B
"A star{lQwill certainly step forthBout of
LUI::~i
laam and he clapped his hands,' m d Ba'lak went 'g,",g;?
2Pe 1:19
JBCO~,~
RO ~ 2 . 1 ~
on t o say t o Balaam; "It was to execratee my P~;;y~
*riu
1 3A:,;I~
*I!T:lfl
"And a scepter! will indeed rise out of Israel.*
enemies that I called you and, look! you have p~;j;ii
1"s 110:J
"And he will certainly 'break in pieces the
>lcb I :R
blessed them b the Iimit these three times. J , 2.1:e
~
o
m :I] :la
temples of Mo'ab's3 heado
'
"
1
3
:
"
OJ'< IIU R
l1
And now run your way off ta your place, I
111111:~11
"And
the cranrurn of d I the sons of tumult
had said t o myself I was without fail going t o
ONu 33:n
of
w8f .s
*I;*2727
honor you," but, look! Jehovah has held you ' N u = : n
2% 1h14
"And
E'domE must become a 'possession,'
Y'I
GO 8
back from honor."
Iso 31.5
"Yes,
Sc"irm
must become the possession of
Am n:,?
12 h turn Balaam said to Balak: "Was it
K , c 30:q
I l l s enemies,
not also to your messengersG whom you sent t o 3- 9:s
~ C 49:lo
C
1'5 2 11
"While Israel, b displaying his courage.
me that I spoke,' saying, l3 'If Ba7ak were to am
3's 7511
l',V G ..
give me his house full of silver and gold, X
"And our of Jamb one will go subduing,"*
1~1s
should not be able to p a s beyond the order of
'"~IRB." See v e m 3, footaoteb, b. See verse 3. faot.nnotec. I Vrim
Jehovah so as to do something good or bad out
Tra!., 'lfol. 3, S o . 11 'Gorl." )I, E l ; L39, Tlre.os\ Tg, De'ws.
of my own heartmOWhatever Jehovah may * h 2 ~ 5
a "Star," I ~ S ~ I ~ I L X - Y S J "- V
~ I~T;I ~ , 'To.
'
OF, **inai'~I~
forth,"
r:#h

MSyTg; c'&g," LXXSam. "God." &%Sam,El; LXX,

T'he.u~'; Vg,Da'ux, 0 Or, "buffalo." "Unicorn," LXX; L'rhinoccm~,'l
Vg. d "With his m m Tg;
~ "with h a &sailes,f' LXX, +The
African lion. f Here t h e Hebrew text uses the Anintic word for tlhon''m
a "A'gag,"

hIS~tin: "nrisr," L-TXSyVg. 1 ''Scc*pkr,"'M ; *[~-orl,"Yg; "mnn."

I.,YS; "hmd one,'-y; .'3lr~lliah," T'" gsL'T;ons
of tumdt of war,"
to ~crce
with J ~ r c m i s 48
l ~ :46; lil~rally,"mns of Seth," M S a a T Sy\'ga A impawrl wnding ia : "And Jacob will subdue his enernl~n." But !g: "Out af Jocol, tbmc r i l l h s am r h o r 111 m l c . "

517
"And he must destroy any survrvor from
the city."*
*Re 19!21
20 I n e n he got to see Am'a.lpk5 he carried 1
further his proverbial utterance* and went on ' ~ ~ b ~ ; ~
1% T H : ~
to say:
M- t 1
- .I....3.4.
"Am'a.lek3 was the fri-st onea of the natfons,. 1 :-;'!.:":i!': ",.
"But: his end afterward will be even hi^ l';"i:r'l
.me n ~ o
pcrishing."b4
1511 153
.1,.1:1
21 When he gat to see the Ken'ites4 he car- :(l$>ll
, , ~r,:
J
K
I.''
ried further his proverbial utterance and went
on to say:
"Durable is your dwellingo and set on the P N ~ s : m
+obB
crag is your abode.=*
g2''But there n-ilI come to be one to bum
VE 4 : t t
Ka'in d" damn,
"How long will it be till Assyr'i.aX mill '
~
ICrr .1:2
carry you away captive?"
I'n 8:i:K
23 And he carried further his proverbial ut- ' l a "':"

ww 2 4

terance* and went on to say:

"Woe! Who will swvive when GodeUcauses

uwu 2 3 : ~

'D"24

* Da 32:30
it?*
"And there wiU be ships fmm the coast of
=GE10:4
Kit'tirn,'
1sa 23:1
"And they will certainly afflict As.syr/i.a/ >!; \!;m
?IN R:IR
"And they mill indeed afflict E'kr.f"
:I:c 30:21.
"But he too will eventually perish."
c:c 1r:l.I
25 After that Ealaam got up and went and
s1:8
returned t o his place.* And Ba'lak also wcnt his
aD8
1:2a
awn way."

Or, "the chief; the beg inn in^." b 01;"be to pcriah forever." a Or,
''n~st." The tribe of the Ken'] tes, "Qed.'"al, KI; J,XS, ha The.os';
Vg, De'rta. "Ether '' 3ISam; "the JTebrewa," 1,XXSyTg. llotr.c\~cl;
thc ~ilcnningof' ''~'b&' hem may br! '"the lnnd (or, , e o p l ~ )osl tbc
plbcr dd~",that b, of tbe E ~ . ~ h . n ' t n
nncl
, othrr dmn i l a . p t i . o .
a

25 Then
Now Brael tvas dwelling
Shit'tim."
the
started have immoraI

in
people
to
with the daughters of hIorab.' ? And
xs;
Oy6f8" relations
Re214
the~romencamemlIjngtl~epeopletoahesami~ K =.a
U
*EY ~43:15 R
m of their gods: and t h people
~
began to eat*
Jos 22: 17
So Israela
jxi 11.1 and t o bow down to their gods.'
attached
itseIf
to
the
Ba'hl
of
Pe'ar,"
and the
E'9ToB
anger
of
S
e
h
o
v
~
h
began
~
t
o
blaze
against
lsraL","&!j2O
eel
.
"
Hence
J
e
l
~
w
a
h
said
to
Moses:
''Take
dl
fE;g;io
~ o 23:
s
the
head
onesc
of
the
people
alld
exposea
them
1K1 39.18
cne 4:ig to Jehovah tow~rdthe sun:@ that the burning
anger of Jehovah may turn back: from Israel."
Then Moses said te the judges" of IsraeI:'
cDe 4:3
"Each one of you kill" his men who have an
JPO
o s106:~s
a17
1~09.10 attachment with Ihc Ba'al of Pe'or."
A J g 2.14
FS lOB:29
6 But look! 8 man of the sons of Israel came
and he was bringing nlsar to his brothersQ a
$?:E6
~
:
~
~
Midti.an.ite
woman
before Moses' eyes and be~~;~~~
fore
the
eyes
of
nll
the ~ssernblyof the sons of
z,1jgf40
Israel,
while
they
were
~veeping'nt the entrance
x~ as2:4
22:12
~a
of the tent of meeting. When Phin'e.hasu the
JoeZ:17
SF Y 6.2ahs iz,% son of E.le+aPzarthe son of Aaron the priest
" 20 caught sight of it, he proceeded to gct up from
the nfidst of the assembly and take a spear in
his hand. Then he went after the man of Israel
info the vaulted tent' and pierced both of them
the man of IsraeI and the woman
z$lFg through,
through her genital parts,KEAt that the scourge
G;;
r~I O G : ~was halted from upon the sons of Israel.' "And
4Ku 16.49
xu=:I those who died from the scourge amounted to
F;,";::3,:, twenty-four t h o ~ ~ s a n d . ~
"Israel," &IXA%YE~Vg;"non~eof the ROIIH of X E I I * ~ ~S~n~~' n , Or,
lrlc ,:a

"

NUMBERS 25 :1-9

:;;

"to B~~al-pe'orI'
C Or, "nll tilt? h~ar14,~'
t~ "Expasc'' (tbot is, with
lcgs and arnm I~rolren),MSy; " n t n k ~nn cxntnpl~,or:' I J S ; ''l~nrigi'
VgTJ. Or, pos.il~l!- inatcrtd, '90 his t ~ ~ i t L'onrp~irc
."
Qenesia 31 : %,
footnote". Or, "won~en'spnrt (of thc tcnt).ll 8 "'l'be @ililnl
Fg; "hey womb," LXX.
f

519
10 Then Jehovah spoke to Moses, saying:
"Phinfe.bas+the son of Ele.aktar the son of
Aaron the priest has turlled back my wrath"
from upon the sons of Israel by his tolerating no
rivalry' at a11 toward me in the midst of them,
so th& 1 have not exterminated the sons a Israel in my insistence on excIuslve d e v o t i ~ n , ~
Ie For that reason say, 'Here X am giving him
my covenant: of peace."* l n And It must serve
as the covenant of a priesthoodu to timeL indef=
lnlta for him and his offspringa after him," due
to the fact that he tolerated no rivalry towarcl
his God5 and proceeded to make atonementc for
the sans of Israel."'+
14 Incidentally the name of the fatally struck
Israelite man who ~ v a sfatally struclc ufiith the
Midri.an.i.tess was Sim'ri the son of Sa'lu, a
chieftainmof a paternal house of the Sirnkoni t ~ s . " ~And the name of 'the Midri4~nlitec
woman
SataIIy struck was Coz'lsi the daughter of Zur;"
he was a head one of the clans of a paternal
house in Mid'i-an.
16 Later Jehovah spoke to Moses, saying:
"Let there be a harassingh of the Mid'i-anites, and rou men must strike them," lB ~ C ~ L I S ~
they are harassing YOU with their deecla of cunning@that they committed against YOU cunningly in t h e affair of PPor" and in the affair of
Coz'bS' the daughter of a chieftain of Midti.an,
their sister who was fatally struck* in the day
or the scourge over the affair of Petor,l'm
And it came about after the scaurge,ob
that Jehovah went on to say this to
Or, "ACP~," c'RaraaSing," la the Hebrew this rerh is In the iafluitire ttbsoluta, and st, kdefinite as to time. In the Itthrew text
l1

26

chnpter 25 ends here with the foregoing clauae as A ninetcetltb venrc.

I
I

I
i
I
I

NUMBERS 26: %I1

Moses and E.le.a'zar the son of Aamn the

priest: "Take the sum of the whole assembly
of the sons of Israel ft7orntwenty ycals of age
according to thc house of their
lt&
a 1 2 and up~t~arcl
~ ~ ~ Z " a t t h e r ~all, those going out to the army in
cNn 34,17 Israel."* U n d Moses and E.le.afznrathe priest
proceeded to speak with them in the desert
plains of Mo'nb* by the Jordnn at Jer'idcholo
?{;Nil g;:2
31;12 saying: "' /Take the sum 01" them] from the
NLI33:4S
N U 35:1
age of ttventy ycaiqsand uptvard, just as JehoDe 4:4G
vah had commanded Moses."'
nt 34:l
Nowtbesonsofbraelwhowentoutofthe
land
Egypt were: "eu'hn,O
Israel's firstz2F2"z::3"2born;*ofReu'hen's
sons:
Of
Ha'nocl~:
the family
$;l%a:5:1
of
the
Walnoch.ites:
of
Pal'lu'
the
family
of t h e
OEs E : l 4
Pd81u.ites; of Wez'rona Ihe f amiIy of the Ha'4~ a
CICh 5:3
ron.ites; of Car"rnim
the f ~ m i l yof the Carfmites.
SES 6;14
:These were the families of the Reu'ben-ites,
"z:i;g and their regislered ones amo~lntedto fortythree thousand seven hundred and t h f ty.'
";&
;:
8 And the sona of Pal'lu wpls E,li'ab.* And
'Et
the
sons of EJi'nb: NemFu.eland Da'thanq and
A$p,ltg
0 s 1~6:: A.bi'twnAThis Da'thnn and A.biYramwere sumXw 16:lS
rnonecl ones of the assembly, who engaged a
Juae sr
strtfggle against Moses and Aaron in the assem&XU 1 6 : s
when they engaged in a struggle
P5106:18 bIy of KdrahYb
against J e h o v ~ h . " Tlicn t h e earth' opened
:$;$;!&
its mouth and swailoweci them up.' As for KO/lSa9:34
L E E 1;:s
ICO IU.G
rah, [he died] at the denih of the assembly
2FS 2-5
when the fire consumed two hundred and. Alty
Jude
*Ex 6:21
lCh 6:22 men.ba And they came to be a symbol."l1 HowTt4S#iz$ever, the sons of Ko'rah clld not die,"
4c;e

liter all^, "snnrr," Bu#WSnlnSp: 'fmn," Vg. b This rendering

Snm, w h i ~ l lrcncig : "'SJIPII t l ~ vrnrtlt opened its nronth
and the exrth smnllo~~ed
tllc811up, umhc n t IIP nr~rnlhfy died, KIIPII
the fire consam4 Ko'rah z~ntl two hunrlr~tlnn(I lifty m c z ~ "
a

Rgees n;th

12 The sons of Sim'e.ono by their fam!lies: ONu34:m

Of Nem'u-els1 the family of the Nem'ubelaites;IOedS:10

of da'rninm the family of the JaJmln.ftes; of mlCh4:2.t

Ja'chinu the family of the Ja'chin.ites; I 3 0 f ~ I J z X O : ~ ~
Zetsahbrthe family of the Ze'rah-ites; of Sha'uln F
;$?:O
:,
the family of the Sha-u'fites. " These were the
farnilf es of the Sim'e.on.it~: twenty-two thou[NU ~ : m
sand two hundred.t
Nu ?:la
15 The sons of Gad3 by their families: Of :xu 32:o
Ze'phoncu the family of t h e Ze'phon.ites; of
Hag'giu the family of the Hag'gites; of Shu'nilr
the family of the Shu'nites; It,of Odnillu the
46:1a
family of the Oz'nites; of E'riu the family of '
t h e Erites; of &'ode" t h e family of the Arrod.ites; of A.re'liu the family of the A-re'lites.
'These were the families of the sons of Gad,
of their registered ones: forty thousand Ave VY;~;;
hundred.v
r z e +:a
1Ch 254
19 The sons of Judaho were E r end 0'nan.Y ;$; f:;:~
However, Er and O'nm died in t h e land of CR'- 3R:7
naanm5 And the sons of Judah came t o be, by : ; * g;,
their families; Of She'lahYhe family of the Gras;zO
She.la'nites; of Pe'rez" the family of the Per'e- ?Ji':-,:i$h
zites; of Ze'rahA the famiIy of the Ze'rah-ltes, ;$jf:'if
2 L And the sons of Pe'rez came t o be: O
f Hez'- $7 :f,
ron5 the family of the Hezrron.ites;of Ha'rnuI' A$s$;!:O
t h e Emily of the HEE.mu'lites. These were the &%hI::.?,
fammes of Judah, of their registered ones: ::;!;i2l:;'

;C;C QG 12
seventy-six thousand five hundred."
NU 21.20
"
C;C 4'
1.
1:.H
23 The sons of Is'sa-char3 by their farnilIes xu
were: Of To'lax the family of the To'la-ites;of
Pu'vah= the family of the Purnites; 2d of Ja'- l:C'l'
-GI! ~1?;:13

"

a"'Jempu*el,"a t Genmis 46 : 10 ; Esodns 8 : 15. b "Zo'knr," nt Ctcnesis 46 : 10 ; Exodw G : 15. ?Ziph'i.on," at Genesin 46 : 10. d '-Em'bon," at Ucnesis 46: 16. = "Ar.o'ili," at Genesis 46 : 16.

shubarrthe famfly of the Jashkbites; of Shimrronl the family of the Shimtron-ites. 25 These
nlc~m:ta were the lf~miliesof Isrsn.char,ln of their registered ones : sixty-four thousand three
?$L: :"
26 T l ~ esons of Zcb'u.lunorby their families
were: Of Se'red* t h e family of the Ser*e-dites;
6ceas:u of E'lon* the family of the E'lon.ites; of Jab'leael*the family of the Jah'le.el.ites.
These
were the farnlIies of the Ze-bu'lu-nites, of t h d r
$38' repi~tcwdones : sixty thousand five. hundred.t
25 The sons of Jweph by their families were
4m3

nCh7:'

EY

'el

Ah.nrn'sehCand E'phra.imav '5 The sons of ManasJseh were: Oi IIIa'chirw the family of the
I)U :h 17
Ma'cliir=ites,And Ma'chir became father t o Gil'Gh'u 2T:l.
.rr GP so 2s e.ad,Y Of Gil'c.nd3 the family of the Gjl'e-ad.ites.
h'u :l2,Y3
K,,:El,.l ;lo Tllese were the sons of Gil'e.ad : OfIe'zer" the
family of the 1e'zer.itcs; of He'lek' the family
I I C s:l.;
IS
f[-ll 7:14 of the Herlek.ites;
of As'ribelm
the family of
uJns 17:l.
i ) ~ 1n 7~: ~ the h'rl.eI.ites; of She'chemo the family of the
rr..lnu 172
a r a:u
She'chemdtes ; 81 of She.mitdaVthe family of the
J v R : ~
of He'pherT t h e family of the
Sherni'ci~~ltes;
,
I
Hc'pher.ites, 3R Now Ze.lo'phe.hadA the son of
.
Ele'pher proved to have no sons, but daughters,
:$?3
l m 7:ls find the nnmes of the daughters of Zemloflphe.had
were Mah'lah and No'ah, Hog'lah, Mil'cah and
0 K ~ f l : l T i r ' z ~ h ,"These
~
were the families of Manas'seh, and their registered ones were fifty-two
' :1.1.24 thousand seven hundred."
35 These tvere the sons of Ephra.ims by their
the family of the Shu''f:20 farnilics: Of Shupthe.lclh"
thel.a'hites; of Bc'cher the family of the Be''1Chf:ZS chcr.itcs; of Ta'han' the family of t h e Ta'haniles. " And these were the sons of Shu'he.Iah:
itGe 4R:M
f Ermn the family of t h e E'ran.ltes. 3T These
De J : ~ I ; O
3P'I
O R 17:?7
were t h e families of the sons of E'phra-h," of
'hlol~,"
at Crentsis 40 : 13.
Cc g ( + : ~
[;P 1'1 2.2

,",h
;

were: Of'Jahrze.el' the family of the Jah"ze.dtheIr regfstered: ones: thirty-two thousmd five1
ites; of Gu'nl" the family of the Gu'nites; of
hundlmed.These were the sons of Joseph by their
Je'zer911e famfly of the Je'zer-ites ; of Shil'lem*
1
NU
I:BR
Famil3es.l
Nu 2:ltl
the family of the Shil'lern.ites, These were the
'
N
U
3
1
:
3
38 The sons of
by their families
families
of N~lph'ta-li*by their la~niljm,and
"Icx7:6
LC
4O:Z'L
were: Of l3c'1am the family of the Be'la.ites; of
D
e
3323 their registered ones were forty-five thousand
Ash'beln the family of the Ash'hel.itcs; of A.hi'- nlCh8:J
Jos 19:32
four h ~ n d r e d . ~
J~ 4:6
rnnlnr the family of the A.hilram.Ites; "' of
03-u
2:30
1:43
51 These were the registered ones of the ~ o n s
Shcqph~l'pharnhrthe family of the Shu'phamof Israel: six l~imdredand one thousand seven
it^; of I-Iu'phamcr the family of the I-Iu'pharnand thirty."
8rz; ~;;g
jF hundred
i l ~ s . The sons of Beyla came to be ArclB and slC1l *:3
2:32
52
After
that Jehovah spoke to Moses, sayNa'a.rnan: $Of ArdIe the family of the Ardtites;
P S923
Ne
T ~ : ing:
~
'"To
t
h e thelandshould beapportioned
of Nafa.rnant the family of the Na'amites.
c3U27:7
for an inheritance3 by the number of t h e
.s9:'27
These were t h e sons of Benjamina by their GO
narnesVb" According t o the great numbel* you
bJ","Il$?m
hrnlljes, nnd their registerrd ones rverc forty- De 2h:lR
Jos 14:1 should increase one's inHeritance, and according
+
1~
P s 105.44
five thous~ndsix hundredaV
u.N U m
I 27
r
Eze 4 ~ 1 2 a to the fewness you should reduce 0ne"sinherit"I:'
42 These were t h e sons of Dan0 by their
we
'";&3,3%3133 ance.' Each one's inheritance should he given in
families: Of Shu%amew the family of the ShuPproportion to hls registered ones. ': OnIy by the
11:23
hrsrn.itcs. These \.ere the families of Dan' by * ~ ~ ~ i ~ Jos
J Oo
S 14.2
lot" should the land be apportioned. According
their families, All t h e familics of the Shu"
Jns
pr 18:18
18:6 to the names of the tribes of their fathers they
Rnm.ltes, of their registered ones, were sixty1Ge 4G:ll
xu l7 should get an inheritance. By the determinaONU I:~F)
four thousand four hundred.3
Nu 2 2 6
tion of the lot one's inheritance should be appor$%
;;
44 The sons of Ash'er by their %milies were:
n a " " ~ i 6 tioned between the many and the few."
x
u
3.29
Of Irn'nah2-t h e family of t h e Im'nites; of Ish'vjP
w21:-1
57 Now these were the register4 ones of the
t h e family of the rsh'vites; af De.ri'ah.' the fm-+e 45:17
n
JOS~ 21:7
3
u
20
Levites
by their Families: Of Ger'shonl the famICh 6.1
ily of the Be.rlcites; " oaf the sons of Bearirah:+1Ch:30
r s x 6.a ily of t h e Gert~hon.ites;of Ko%athm the family
Of I-'e'bc* the family of thc Hetbec.ites; of MaliX U6.18
3 18
of the Korhath.ites: of Me.rarlin the family of
chi.ela the family of the Mal'clki.e3.ites. *B And
the
Me.rar'ites, $* These were the families of the
:$! :&
,
"Jaa17:10
the name of .4sh'erTs"daughter was Se'ral~.~
1 ~ ~ 6 . Levites:lk
; ~
the familyof theLib'nftes,tthe fam>-u 3::il
':These were the families of the sons of Ash'er,' Fe%$
1ch =:21 ily of the He'bron-it-," the family of the Mah'~rNu
3:m
of their registered ones: fifty-three thousand
ICII 6.19 l i t ~ s the
, ~ Emily of the Murshltes,u the family
NU 1:41
four ht~ndrcd.~
Xu 2 2 8
let-, 23.23
ICR
21'26 of the Ka'rah,ite~.~
48 The sons of Naph'ta,li3 by their families 'Nu
And Ko'hath became father t o Am'ramaw
~lCh
3 c [h
i:6133
3i'
a "E'hi,'rnt Ocnesis 46 :21. "31epd3irn ," a t GlhaeJs 46 : 21; c'Fbup';<L;$ii8 d s ~thed name of Am'ram's wife was Joch'e-

:$'zT8
IJ

. nt U~nesis46:21. '.[OF
7:12. "nup1pm,"
LAXYSyI+gcontain the ctiuivlilcat o f these words. 0 "flu
g h i ~ l ~ t C1.circsis
ht
46 :?3,
P~IH,'' I I 1
~ ChronicIes

h i 1

1."

Literally, %etvi,"' MVg; "the Lwites," Sg; *the sons of L e Y ~ , ' '

LXX.

525

bed,Y Wvf 'so daughter, whom his wife boren to F% C,y$

k ' v i in Egypt. Ln time she bore to drn'ram
A m n and Moses and Mir'i.am2 their sister. 9 h ~ 4 *
OU Then there were born to Aaron Na'dab and
3:a
A.bi'hu, E.b-armand 1th'a.rnar.t But Na'da b
and A.bi'hu died for their presenting illegitimate fire before Jehovah,*
'I.@
NUm
3.1a
62 And their registered onw amounted t o ~h 2+1:2
twenty-three thousand, a11 mdes from a month
old and upward.=For they did not get reglstercrl
in among the sons of Israel: because no inheritnnce was to be given to them in among the ;;;;,;;
sans of Israel.*
I Jur 1 . 1 : ~
63 These were the ones regjstered by Moses
and E.le.a'zar the priest when they mgistcred the
sons ofIsrael in the desert plains of Mo'ah by the
325
Jordanz at Jer'i.cho.' "But among these there -Nu
:NU 2 6 3
did not prove to be a man of those registered by 6Nu 1:1
Moses and Aaron the priest when they registered E,0,2jl$5
the sons of Israel in the wilderness of Si'nai." wN"B:U
Ua For Jehovah had said concerning them: "They
,,!,,
will die without fail in t h e wilderness.""So there E;&&
was not left of them a man except Cn'lebo t h e son
;;;A;
of Je.p!~un'nneh and Joshua the son of Ntm.*
.lrlA 1 1 : l . l
J o s l!l?l'l
Then the daughters of Ze.lopphe.hacE1the I K,,
2,;::rt
-*IT'
son of He'phei- the son of Gil'e-ad" the I ICll
S,~~:I
son of Ma'chir the son of hIanas'seh, o f the
families of Ma.nas'seh the son of Joscph, came
ncar. And these were the names of his daughters: Mah'lah, No'ah and Hog'lah and Mil'cah
and TirEzah.m ?And they proceeded t o stand iyd,"!$z!
bcforc Mosesn and before ELleba'zar
the priest fi: ~~~~u
and before the chieftains and a11 the assemblyc :Jr'Bfl:l"
at the entrance of the tent of meeting, snying :

E;:;

27

aUDnnghter who proceeded to benr these," LXX; "rtnnghkcr m h

sn+ burtl," SyT-z.

rF;gjg

NUMBERS 27 :3-13

"Our father has dled in the wildernessr md

be In among the assern-

yet he did not p m e to

$Xu 1653
XU X : I ~ bly, that

is,those who ranged themselves against

Jehovah
in the assembly of Ko'~-a,?h,~
but for his
$; i;::?
olvn
sin
he
hns
dicd,OL
and
11c
did
not
get
t o have
"3e
tE?e 5:2rr
IS:^
P.Q 5:::
any
sons.
'
Why
should
tile
name
of
our
father
Ro 6:23
be taken away from the midst of his family because he had no son? Oh pive us a possession in
uJ0s17:4 the midst at our father's brothers."l %At
that
Moses presented their cnRc bcfore Jehovahav
',E,"i:?:
NU15:33
6 Jehovah then said this t o Moses : I V "The
I r P s 68:s
daughters of Ze.lo'phe.had are speaking right.
E y all meatss you sho~~lrl
glve them the possescS.'u =:= sion of an inheritanceJ In the midst of their
father's brothers, and yoiz must cause their
?;Nu
father's
inheritance to pass to them.v And to
Joe 17.6
Jer 49111 t h e sons of Isrncl you should speak, saying, 'In
case any man shorrld die without his having a
son, then YOU must cntlsc his Inheritance t o pass
t o his d a ~ g h t e r . ~
And If he has no daughter,
then uou must give his inherit~nceto his brothers. " And jf he has no brothers, then YOU must
give his inheritance t o hjs fntheras brothers.
"And if his father has no brothers, then YOU
must
give his inheritance to his blood rrlationz
Z
Le~
5 4Z
9 E
P.U 4:3
who
is
loses st to him of his family, and he must
Jer 32.8
take possession of irk And it must serve as a
statute' by judicial decision for the sons of
Israel, just as Jehovah has commanded Moses.' "
12 Subsequently Jehovah said t o Moses: "Go
up
into this mountain of Ah'a.rimnn and see the
47,$:;f'c G 13:15
~
landa
t h a t I shall certainly give the sons of braDe 34:4
el. l a When you have seen it, then you must be
vxu31:2 gathered t o yo~~rpeaple,+
yes, you, just as Aaron
Or, "the bortlerlnnd." Eel11+ew,Irm'n.ba.rimt; altich hns the definite article ha ("tbe").

NUMBERS 27 :14-23

Jehovah dpoke further

Moses,
28
"Command
sons of Israel,
and you must
should
And
wing:

your brother was gathered,' I 4 inasmuch as you :E G2&

men rebelled0 against my o r d e ~in the \tPilder- -$; -;?
:
ness of Zln at the q u m l i n g of the asseml~ly,' E; ?; o;

in relation to sanctifying men by the ~ v a t c r s q ~ e- 3-u e :( :

fore thcir eyes. These are the waters of M e ~ ~ 'i=- ~ ~ ? ; ? J 0
I~nll' af Ka'deshu in the wilderness of Zfn."'
,;,:;y:::$3
15 Then Moses spoke to Jehovah, saying: ?;';:;!:$
'"'Let Jehovaho the God' of the npidtrr of nll jj;):::j!,i7
sorts of fleshha appoint over the nssembly R
I
manh who will go out before them' m d ivho "41JI ~r1c.3
l';:21
will come in before them and who will bring
themout and nrho~vTllbring them in, that Jeho- hi;;%
llp~,j24,
vahk assembly may not b e m c like sheepc that I $:;if!
have no shepherd."* la So Jehovah said to .;:;: l?.;:
Moses: 'Take for yourself Joshuac the son of
?
;
Nun, a man in whom there is spirit," ~ n you
d
if;,
must lay your hand upon Rim' l"and you must YL+I, ;
Inits
stand him before E.le.aPzarthe priest ~ n r before
l
?;:.Em
all the assembly and you must con~missionhim "I,: ;i:;j,"'
lwfore their eyes." O' And you must put solne ;:$;:4
of your dignity* upon him in order that ~ l tlh e - -it;
~ w e m b l yof the sons of Israel may listen t o him. k;;i?;?
" And it is before E.le.a'zar the priest that he :'I:'LR
.!O
will stand, and he must inquirec jn his behalf by *Y'r
J,illr.
the judgmentc of the W'rim" before Jehovah. At ;
; :::',2';:12
l ~ i norder they will go out and at hls order they ; $ n ~ ~ ~ ~ o
. I + ; I ~-- fi
will come in, he and all the sons of Israel ~ 4 t h-1,:i
2.s ::lo
1.r B
him and all the assembly."
I>(.
8
22 And Moses proceeded t o do just as Jeho- I.,/I.
I5n L't>.3
:+:o
vah hnd cominanded him. AccorhdInglyhe took N,. y.r,'i
JOS~U
and
R stood him before E.lc.a'zailQ the ( N u 2 ~ 8
priest and before all the assembly '!%~.tdlaid his
llanda upon him and conlmissioned hSm, just
as Jehovah had spoken by means of Moses.' ' D Q ~ : "
I)

ic;!
*;z

NUMBERS 28: 1-10

527

526

~ " A e g r u ~ h lto
y ~ ~ n o t i fme,
y Tor did not ~ R I I C ~mp,"
~ ~ YLSX; OLnnd
ror did r~of wish to smcrify me," Vg. b Or, "spiri~sof n13 flcull?'

the

say to them, 'YOU

take

, ~ bread,"
g2!F care t o present to me my ~ f f e r i n gmy
,for my oflerings made by fire as a smell of a g
le6
pasement of me,'at thcir appointed' times.'*"
"Ge 8:21
E . Y ~ : ,I ~

Le 1:9

3 "Ancl you muse s ~ yto them, This is the

offering made by fire that YOU will present to

Jehovah: bvo sound year-old male lambs a day
cDe I 2 : B
as a burntC offering constantly," The one male
#E;g;2"4
,'EX
P,S,8,12$\9 : ~ lamb you will render up in the morning,; and
the other male lam11 you will render up between
LC?6:s
XU 2 3 : ~the two evenings,'13 Vogether with the tenth
E&r3 5
Se10:33 of an e"phahA ol line flour as a rain offering:
E i e 46:B
moistened with tthe fourth of a hin of beaten oil,
cEx 12:6
E z r 9.4
a the constant burnt offering, which tvas ren,
,
D""2;
der& up at Mount Sl'nal" ns a smell of appeaseC S u 33:15
rnent,+ an offering mncEe by fire to Jehovah?
Lfz5121"6
WTCI IG:B
along with its drink0 ot'fering,' tho fourth of a
oXU
LG 21
15.4 hin to each male lamb, r-'aur out in the sanctu+EX
2CR292:4:42
ary the drink offering of intoxfcatinp;
Jehovah. %cT
YQU IVIII"render up t h e ot er
' L e a . 1 3 n a m a m b between the two eernings.WWj tthe
X u 6:15
1s. 57.6
same grain off erfng EL^ of the morning and with
WDe 14:26
its same drink offering you will render it up as
an offering made by fire, of a smell of appeasement to Jehovah,
*"m8
9 " 'However, on the sabbath" day there will
Isa 5&:13 1
~ z 2e 0 : ~be hvo sound year-old mnle lambs and two tenth
measures of fine flour as n grain offerfng moistened with oil, toget her with its drink offering,
46;4 l o as a sabbath burnt offering on its s a b b ~ t h , ~ "
*xu 2~
along with the constant burnt offering' and its
ze 3.u
Eze 16:X9

,,,,

O Y U ~ K : ~drink

'"Their
C

to

Or, '.ras

appointed times,'! RgVg. b 8m E x o t l r l ~12: 0 . footnoted.

a burnt offering nnl~hatlr hy nnbi~nt!~,"
RnmSgTg.

NUMBERS 28 :11-20

528

529

21 " 'And at the commencements of YOUR

months' YOU people ~villpresent as a burnt affering to Jehovah two young bukls and one ram,
seven sound male Iambs each a year old, " and
threcg tenth measures of fine flour as a grain
oflering"0isteneci
with ail far each hulP and
two" tenth measures of fine flour RS R grain
offering moistened with oil for the one rnm,'
RIIa
~ tenthr measure of fine flour r e ~ p ~ ~ t i v c I y
as a grain offering moistened with oil lor each
male lamb," as a burnt offering, a smell of appeasenlent,* an oflering made by fire t o Jshovah. '"And
as their drink offeringsthem should
go half1 a bin of mine2 for a bull and n third'"
of a I-linfor t h e ram and a fourthn of a hin for
R mate lamb." This is the monthly burnt offering in its month for t h e months of the ycnr.
I n ATSOone kidr af the goats should be rendered
up as a sin offering to Jehovali in addition to
the constant burnt offering together wit11 Its
drink ~ f f e r i n g . ~
, I)@
I:W
' i d15:Zi
:I
16 :
'And in the first m n t b an the fourteenth y; $:;
day of the month-will be-Jehovah's pa~sover."';$; ;u2B
And on the fifteenth day of this month rvill ~ t 2:.n
.
;.H
be a festivat.~Seven days unfermented' calccs'.IIl'n
kqI I ~ : I O
will be eaten.u On the first day there zr.111 be n eNu 2?:12
l~olysonventig.p No sort of IaImrious ivorlr - I h l d ~ : 8
muqt TOG do.. loAnd YOU must present as an
$:i:
offering3 made by fire, a burnt offcringw t o l;,'Fel;;$
Jehoval~,two young bulls and one m m mcl
seven male lambs each a year old. They shouId
prove to be sound ones for YOU.P !w And ns their rk;
grain offerings" of fine flour moistened with z;:;;i21
ail ~ o will
c rendel*up threeJtenth measures for ,Nu 23:12
a bull and two' tenth measures for the ram.
-

; ; :1

:!;p

Eiltcrally, '.tire d e lamb," 31; "encll mnle Innrlj," LAP,T.

NUMBERS 28 :21-29 :2

=Tau will render up a tentha measure respectively for each male lamb of the seven male
lambs; '? and one goat ol sin offering to make
atonement for YOU.' " Aside from the morning
burnt offering, which Is lor the constant* burnt
offering, YOU will render these up. 2 J The same
as these YOU will render up d ~ i l yfor the seven
days as bread,' nn offering mnde by Are, of a
smell of appeasement to J c h ~ v a h Along
.~
with
the constant burnt offering it should be rendered,
and its drink ofE'~ering.2u And on the seventh
day YOU should hold a halyLcenventi~yP
No sort
of laborious work must YOU <lo.-b
26 '"'And on the day of the first' ripe fruits,+
when YOU present a new grain offering>to Jehovah, in YOUR feast of weeksc' YOU should hold
a 11oIy convention, No sort of laborious work
must YOU do. And YOU must prescnt as a burnt
offering for a smell of appcaacmei~tt o Jehovah
two young bulls, one ram, sevcn male lambs
each a year old;' =%and
as their grain offering
of fine flour moistened 1 ~ 1 t hoil three* tenth
measures for each hull, two' ientla measures for
the one ram, "9
tenthc measure respectively for
each male lamb of the seven male lambs; one
kid of the goats to make atonement for YOU."
Aside from the constant burnt offering and
its grain offering YOU will render them up.j
They shoulrl prove to be sound ones for YOU,'
together v9ith their drink off crings.

In the
29 " 'And
No sort

seventh month on the first

of the monlh YOU ~ h o u l dhold n hdy conventi~n.~

of laborious work must you
do.' It should prove t o be a c l a p of the trumpet
blast for YOU." :And YOU must render up as a
burnt offering for a smell of appensement to

531

Jehovah one young bull, one wm, seven male

lambs each a year old, sound ones;' "and their
grainfiodering of f h e flour moistened with oil,
three tenth measures f o r the hull, two tenth
mensures for the ram,= and one tenth measure
for e ~ c hmale lamb of the swtln male larnbqn
"ad one male kid of the goRrs as a sinLoffering to make atonement for YOU;' "aside from
the monthly burnt offering' and its grain offerinf and the constant burnt offerdng' md its
grain offering," together with their drink offerings,' ~ccordingto the regular procedure for
them, as R smell of appeasement, an offering
made by Are t o Jehovah."
16:m
7 '"'And on the tenth of this swenth monthn ALe
k 2337
Ex 12:f 6
YOU should hold a holy convention* and YOU 4 Le
238
must afflict YOUR sods.' No sort of work must 'LeLe 16:Sl
23.~9
YOU do." And YOU must present as a burnt Ezr 8:21

nNum8

1
I

Ps =:I3
offering t o Jehovah, as a smell of appeasement, Isa
58;5
2co 7:9
one young bull, one ram, seven male lambs each 30s 4:9
23:31
a year old,' They should prove t o be sound ones PLe
*Nu 2 3 2
?,?:XI
far YOU." BAnd as their grain sfferh~of fine *te
Nu 25:15
15.~1
Aour moistened with ail three tmth measures DP
for the bull, trvo tenth measures for the one D e 1 7 1
ram,' la a tenth measure respectively for each
m ~ l elamb of the seven male lambs;' 1 L one kid
of the goats as a sin offering, side from the sln
offering of atonement and the constant burnt
offering and its grain offering, together with
their drlnk offeringsA
52 '"'And on the fifteenth day of the seventh
month0 YOU should hold a holy con~ention.~l
No sort of laborious work must YOU dqrnand
you m u ~ celebrate
t
a festivalCto Jehovah seven
days.11 dnA%'
YOU must present as a burnt off ering,r RTI offering made by fire, of a smell of ap-

1,

1,

1
I

NUMBERS 29 :14--23

peasement to Jehovah, thirteen young bulls,

;two rams, fourteen male lambs each R year old.
They shouId pmve to be sound 0ncs.M And as

their grain offering of fine flour moistened with

oil three tenth measures for each bull of the
thirteen bulls, two tenth m e a s u r ~for each ram
or
the two ranas: " and R tentha measure for
tRE:a
1Nf Ur u2.r
2 s.I
: l a each male Jamb of the fourteen male I n r n b ~ ; ~ u
l n and one kid of ofthe goats as a sin offering,
aside from the constant burnt offering, its grain
offering and its drink offering.
vNN,U:/:::I
NLL 2 n m
17 " 'And on the semnd day h e l v e young
bulls, two rams, fourteen male lambs each a
%yu,gla year old, sound ones;w Inand their grain offerings and their drink offerings" for the bulls, the
ystt
NU 215:4
!1:3
=NU : 5 5
r a m md the W e lambs by their number acxu 3 . 7
.xu 2 ~ 1 2 cording to the regular procedure;' and one kid
,GU,%hi! of the goats as a sin offering," aside from the
constant burnt offering and its grain offerhg,
"Nuao:e
together with their drink offerings.*
20 '' 'And on the third day eleven bulk, two
rams, fourteen mate lambs each a year old,
so~nd~nes;~~'~dthebglainoflerlng
m
KUnu^^
29-17
their drink offerings" for the bulls, the rams
*su
X U rt>:.r
2!f:3
=NXUU 2',:;
IT,:? and the male lambs by their number according
one eoaP as a
25:12 to the regular procedure ;*
, ~ ~sin~ offering,O
: $ ~ aside from the constant burnt
offering and its grain offering ~ n d
its drink
1Nu 2*&
offering.'
23 " 'And on the fourth day t e n bulls, two
rams, fourteen male lambs each a year old,
*''A tcntb memare respectirely," Y. Or, litcrnllp, " a tenth measure,
n tenth ~ncnsure,"But i n the Hebrew text tlrp first "n tenth m~asure"
ha^ $110 rxtmnrdinnlg. points of the F o p h ~ r i mover it to indicate it
sl~oulBbe snlittcd, so that the verse d~vuld~ucadlike versa 4. ConIjnr'o Nllrnher~ 3 : 39, f o o t ~ o t e ~h"A2nle
,
l n ~ ~ b n ?MLdY?;:y7i'g;
"male Inmbe oltd their drink offerings:' Sam. Or, "ninle kld."

NUMBERS 29 :37-30 :5

533
sound ones;m 2d their grain offeringn and their ?$:'29;+3
drink offeringsr for the bulk, the rams and the
;::;;;:n
male lambs by their number according to the PC $
;:

regular procedure;t e5 and one kid of t h e goats t n ; ~2822

as a sin offering,u aside from the constant burnt%:8:"$:,
offering, its grain offering arid its drink offervNu 29:~
ing.v
26 " 'And on the fifth day nine bulls, two
rams, fourteen male lambs each a year old,
sound ones;" and their grain offeringy and '5y$9j+3
their drink offeringsz for the bulls, the rams and Eu
NU 20:s
154
the male lambs by their number according ;t o: 2
the regular procedure;' L8 and one goat as a sin
+$$;A: ;
offerhlg," aside from the constant burnt offer23:15
ing and its grain offering and its drink offering." 'NU 29:6
29 " 'And on the sixth day eight bulls, t w o
rams, fourteen male lambs each a year old,
sound ones;" " "and their grain offering" and "Ei!j:?
their drink offerings7 for the bulls, the rams $
' ;;$
and the male lambs by their number according 0
2
to the regular procedure;* S1 and one goat as a ANU 2912
Nu 25:13
sin offering0 aside from the constant burnt of- u 23:13
f ering, its grain offering and its drink off wings.' I N U
32 " 'And on the seventh day seven bulls, two
rams, fourteen male lambs each a year old,
sound ones;m SS and their grain offeringn and mNU29:13
NU 29:17
their drink csfferingsr for the bulls, t h e rams nit;;::;
and the male lambs by their number according
:
t a t h e regular procedure for them;s 34 and one SNU $2;
28:12
goat as a sin offering,t aside from the constant tGt ii;:
burnt offering, its grain offering and its drink
UNU 295
off wing
35 " 'And on the eighth day YOU should hold
a solemn assemb1y.v No sort of laborious work VF,"h27"::3"4
must YOU d0.w 3%d YOU must present as a m~;zyi;
burnt offering, an offering made by fire of a NU 29:1

;;I;

rz

smell of appeasement to Jehovah, one bull, one

ram, seven male Iambs each a year old, sound
ones;^ 3T and their grain offeringZ and their
drink offerings' for the bull, the ram and the
male lambs by their number according to the
regular procedure;* "and one goat as a sin
offering," aside from the constant burnt offering
and its grain offe~ingand its drink offering.'
39 'These YOU will render up to Jehovalr at
YOUR seasonal festivals," besides rouR vow offerings" and YOUR volurltary offerings' s YOUR
burnt offeringst and YOUR grain offerings1and
YOUR drink offeringsn1 and YOUR c m u n i o h m offerings.' "a"
And Moses proceeded to talk
t o the sons of Israel according to everything
that Jehovah had commanded Moses."
Then Moses spoke t o the heads" of the
tribes of the sons of Israel, saying: "This
is Eke word that Jehovah has commanded: ' In
case a man should make a vowt to Jehovah or
should s w e u Uan oath3 to bind a vow of abstineilcev upon his soul, he must not violate his
word ~ c c o r d i nt o~ t h a t has gone out of his
mouthS he should do.".
3 "And in case a woman should make a vow"
'
Ecj.4
t o Jehovah or she does bind herself with a vow
of abstinence in t h e house of her father in her
girlhood,b .' and her father has heard her v o ~ V
>,G,eg;;O
"NU 3 0 : ~ or her abstinencez vow that she has bound upon
N u 30:10
NU 3'333 her soul and her father has kept silent toward
her, then all her vows must stand, and every
abstinence vow that she has bound upon her
soul should stand. But if her father has forbidden her on the day of his hearing all her vor,vs
'$

30

au

I n the Hebrew text chapter 29 ends here, b Or, "mhilc shc rras not
yct promised ill u~nrringe.."

NUMBERS 30:6-13

534

535

or her abstinence vows that she has bound upon

her soul, it will not stand, but Jehovah will forgiveo her, because her father forbade her.'
.7g
?;?
6 "However, if she should at a11 happen to
belong to a husband and her vome should be up- +:2
on her' or the thoughtless proanise of her l i p -ps s . 1 1
that she has bound upun her s o d , "and her husbandD has heard it and has kept silent toward
her on the day of his hearing it,a then her volts
must stand or her abstinence vows that s h e
has kound upon her soul should stand.# But if '1% lm
her husband on t h e day of hearing it should forbid her," then he has mulled her vow that was '$,'Em
upon her or the thoughtless promise of her lips
that she bound upon her soul, and Jehovah rruill

NU m:&
forgive her."
9 "'In the case of the VOW of a widowA or a Lf; $344
divorcedo
everything that she has
;:;49
bound upon her soul will stand against her.
10 "However, i it is in the house of her husband that she has vowed or has bound an abstlnencee vow upon her soul by an oath, " and her *Nu 30:s
husband has heard it and has kept silent Z O W R Y ~
her, he has not forbidden h e r b n d all her vows
must stand or any abstinence vow that she has
bound upon her sou2 should stand. I B u t if her
husband' has totally annulled them on the day
of his hearing any expression of her lips as h e r II'ca:E
vows or as an abstinenw vow of her soul, they
will mt stand. Her husband has annulled them
and Jehovah will forgive her." y"'
vow or .vr
num:s
any oath of an abstinence* vow to aflict the
a"
hi!
hns

Iistened to her in silence on the d a af

~ his hcarinp it,"'
hearing i t " b u f ~ ~
hrr," 31; "nnd 3 1 ~

to ngrce with L m ; but IJ has "on the day of his

the ronjnnction "and". bh'XXthas not forbidden
has not forbidden her," L X

NUMBERS 30:14--31:7'

her husband should establish it or her

husband
should annul It. "But if her husband
nu
I:ar h,i
H 21
r d from
i l a ss 1.1 should absolutely keep silent t o i ~ ~ a her
day to day, thcn he has established all her vows
30:7
o r all her abstinence votvs that are upon her.'
He has ~ t a b l i s h c dthem because he kept silent
toward her on the day of his hearing them.
la And if he should totally annul them after his
hwring them, then he must answer for heP
:DC MI
iniquii+~+
': Lu 0:1
16 "These nre the remlations that Jehovah
commanded
Moses as between a hwbmd and
.xu 30:3
his
wjfe,
as
between
a father and his daughter
f;iz
l'q t j l : l
in her girlhood'l in the house of her father."'
IFU
1..?,1
ha 1:3
Jehovah then spoke to Moses, saying:
1-1~t)
1~3a
I ? \ , ti: 10
"Take vengeance" for the sons of Israel
Ilr 10.2
upor1 the Midri.an*ites,'Afterward you will be
:
h'u 2.1 :L7
gtltherecl to your people.""
N:, n!, 3
Pit1 2 i : l 3
3 S o Moses spolre to the pmple, aaying:
,,,,,A,,
"Equip0
men from among YOU for the army,
A(: l:+::i(:
@.run la.:1
thnt they may serve against Midtinan"to exeJ~hovah'svengeance' upon Mid'i-an. A
*y$
i;;;: cute
9K1!1:7
thousand
of each tribe of all the tribes of 3s4li:ln
J I . ~ . : ~ L ~ racl
: ~ H ~ o will
v send into the army." Accordingly
from the tl~ousandsof Israel a thousand were
assigned of tribe, twelve thousand equipped
for the army,
6 Then Moses sent them out, a thousand of
~ N U E : ~
XU 2-~:ti each tribe, to the army, them and Phinre.h&
5Sll J.3
the son of E.ie.aszarthe priest to the army, and
lsll 1.4
*?.tl 10
, , the holy .rutenslls+and the trumpeW for blowing
in his hand. And they went waging
~ ? ~ l ~calls
; ~ , 1rw-2
,
C:-u Jfi.war against Midriman,just as Jehovah" had cornrnafldcd Moses, and they p~oceedeclto kill every
a *'I<er,"'hI; %R,"
E T R m n S y . b Or, "while she wns not yet p m inetl I r i l u ~ ~ r i s y e .a" ' + J ~ J I I , "L.XXSyVg; ''Equip poureelcrs~X.

nLC
b l~f l1: m
~27

31

.Ttblq

NUMBERS 31 :&I7

536

male." And they killedmthe kingP of Mid'fan ;fD",":fB

along with the others slain, namely, E'vl and *y;g;;f
Re'kem and Zur and Hur and Re'ba, the five .,, !,:,
kings of Mid'i-an,"and they killed Ba'IaamQthe p
:,t:;
son of %or* with the m70rd."But t h e sons of ?tua;;$3;2
Israel carried off the women of Mid'i.an an!
PQ~
:;
their little onescaptive,*andall theirdomestic P
" ' I ~ ~ KYI
animals and all their Livestock" and all their '~:rhL?;y3
4I:':
means of maintenance they plundered. O d
35:2
aI1 their cities" in tvs.hich they had settled&and
all their walled camps t h e y hwned with fire."
"And they went taking all the spoilP and all Jsn 1.7
the h t y in the way of humans and domestic ySp;y
animals. la And they came bringing t o Mosw
and E.Ee.aJzarthe priest and t o the assernh1y"f
the sons of Israel the captives and the booty and
the spoil, t o t h e camp,; to the desert plains of 2E;$Jo
MoJab,"=which are by the Jordan at J e r ' i . c h ~ .Fi~;" ;!i,l#
13 Then Moses and E.le.a?ar the priest md
all the chieftains of the assembly went out to
meet them outside the campA l4 And Moses ":~~#::$~
grew indignantQ4at the appointed men of the aD01-:34
combat forces, the chiefscoof the thousands and :Eg
the chiefsCof the hundreds who were corning +$
;04;fl
in from the military expedition. l6So Moses said
$;
to them: "Have YC~Upreserved alive every fe- 511.9 ;
111:.10
LSlk 1.-3 '3
male?' " Look! they are t h e ones who, by BaP- s?,, 25:;
laam's: word, served ta induce the sons of Xsrael EE ::k;j7
to commit unfaithfulnessfie toward Jehovah $2Z,"',
\'
over the affair of Pe'or," so that the scourge ",::fiis
came upon t h e assembly of Jehovah." lT
And
g;;"

zz:

@:,

sz

Literally, "cities in all their dwelling plam:' t h w cities bcinp in

contl+astwith those that had been theirs origi.innll~*.
1 "Tile nvnubly," 31; "all the aswmbl~,"Sam, ST, Tg, TJ ntld Inany EIvl~rcw

maauscripta. *"Chi&,'' Q s ~sa.rimt,

,
TO commit unfaithfulnw," T; as X i s o b s w here,

"~s2l:l1

EEt gf:;ZlO

now klll every male among the little ones,' and

klll every womanPwho has had intercourseQwith
man by lying with a male. Is h d preserve alive

for yourselv~sd l the little ones among the m m en who have not k n o ~ ~the
n act of Iphg with
a
mateC
IvAs for YOU yourselves, camp outside
nEE!:! the camp seven days. Everyone who has killed
$<;!; a souln4 and everyone who has touched someA?.II 5
Sll I " : l l
one slalnt0you should purify youl.selves on the
X I
ti
S\l t44:14
tiu 1<1:16 third day and on Ihe seventh day, YOU and YOLTR
c a p t i v ~ '"
. And every garment and every azZicle of s k l n h n s l everything made of goat'so
hair and every article of zvaod rou should purify
from sin."'
'$;D,i1,5f for yourselv~.~
21 E.le.arznr thc priest then said to the men
of the army who had gone into the battle: ''This
@DeilD is the statute of the law0 that Jehovah cornmal~dedMoses: ::'Only the gold and the silver,
D N U m : l V h ecopper, the Iron," the tin and the lead,
23 everything that is processed with fire,b YOU
OD9 7:s
shoulcl pass through the flrePcand it must be
mFa12:fl clean.fD
Only it should be purified by the water
1's U[i:10
1.1- 17:3
f
o
r
clem?sing."
And everything that is not proc1'1- :'s:,L
.KU ln:9
essed
with
tlrec
rou should pass through the
19:lT
*NU L!I:?O 1vater.l' " And you must wash uom garments
on t h e seventh day and be clean and after~vwd
*L@14:9
$0 ~ n : ~YOU
s may come into the camp."'"
hU1n:rg
25 h d Jehovah proceeded t o say this to
Moses: "' "Take the sum of the booty, the cap
tives both of l~urnankindand of domestic animals, you and E.le.alzarthe priest and the heads
24:1& of f he father@of the assembly. " And you must
divide the booty in bva between those taking
'.Soul." LISnar,meplr'c~h; Sy, tiaplr'eka; Pg, h o'mi.nem ("man").

"notOr,~ t''that
ntauds (liternlly, comes into) the fie."
n u dthc Ilrc."

Or, '"that daea

part in the bat& who went out on the expedf-%

;;&:"PS 68:h
tion and all t h e rest of t h e assembly,"PsAnd.- as LGe
lJ:20
a tax" far Jehovah-st
take away fsom ST; ;;g
=men
of war who went out on the expecIiiion 2 ~ 8n : ~
oize
soulmC
out of five hundred, o~uiiKiik3d ysk gi$:
-.
a n G f the herTaii?-df the asses mddOf ihe-flock. One 4:9
"Train 'the?i' ha@-You%bUit %F if alid izu
mz~stgive it t o E.le-a'zar the priest as Jehovah's
~ontribution."~
30 And from t h e half of t h e sons
%:&
of Israel you should take one out of fifty,c of ;:;:f$
humankind, of the herd, of the asses and of the De
flock, of every sort of domestic animal, and you
must give them ta the Levites,' the keepers of *$:igg
ICO n:ls
the obligation of Jehovah's tabernacle.""
exu 3 :?31 h d Moses and E.le.aJzarthe priest went E: $$
to doing just as Jehovah had commanded Moses.&; ;?
a 2 And t h e booty, the rest of the spoil that the
lch 2 ~ 3 2
people of the expedition had taken as plunder,
amounted to six hundred arrd seventy-five thousand of the flock, and seventy-two thousand
of the herd, 3%nd sixty-one thousand asses.
S t As for human soulsdx from the women who
31:18
had not h o r n the act of lying with a male,"
all the souls were thirty-two thousand, " And
the half that rvaq the share of those who went
out on the expedition amounted in number to *Gel4:20
three hundred and thirty-seven thousand five ~Jos%6B9:9I I
hundred of the flock. 3T And the tax' for Jehog;i
vahG from the flock amounted to six hundred ""ef"2
and seventy-five. 58 And of t h e herd there were
thirty-six thousand, and the tax on them for

1
n{;~~::~9
M t 10:10

5:9
Nu5.10

ANu

:z;

ENu 18.21
18124
De 12:19
IT^ 512

NU

'zz,
NU 2.36
NU
IP 3

xu 1 :

CDe 327

18:2i
Yu 3154
DFl;l5

'EX

:::

d'Eoul!' M S a q laepk'esh; LXX, psy.cTci'; Yg; raf@i.ma.b "You,"

IfLXX; "pal' in the smgular, Earn. ="Take one out of fifty?"
L L I S y V g ; "take ow $elzed (or, taken, arithmetically) out of
fif@," 31. drcEods?' X,taeplr'csh; L a j psy+clt#', in the plural:
number; Vg, afst.naa, in the plural.

?-$;
;$:
ICfl3:32

NU 1:3

1Ch13:1
1Sa
22:~

Jehovah was seventy-two. And the asses were

thirty thousand five hundred, and the tax on
them for Jehovah mas sixty-one. 40 And t h e human souls&were sixteen thousand, and the tax
on them for Jehovah was thirty-two sou1s.a
' T h e n Moses gave the tax as Jehovah's contribution to EE.le.aPzar
the priest,O just as Jehovah had commanded Moses."
42Nowfromthehalfbelongingtothesons

of Israel, which Mows divided from that belonging to the men who waged war: 43 Now the half
of the assembly from t h e flock amounted to
three hundred and thirty-seven thousand five
hundred, d W dof the herd, thirty-six thousand,
'%d the asses, thirty thousand five hundred,
'@andhuman souls,b sixteen thousand. Then
Moses took from the half belonging to the sons
of IsraeT t h e one to be taken out of fifty,^ of
humankind and of domestic animals, and gave
them to the Levites,O t h e keepers of the obligation' of Jehovah's tabernacle, just as Jehovah
had commanded Moses.
48 A n d the appointed men who were of the
thousands of the army? the chiefsd of the thousands and the chiefid of the hundreds,' proceed~ed to approach Moses, 4 9 and to say to Moses:
"Your servants3 have taken the s u m of the men
of war who are in our charge and not one has

been reported missing from us,"

550

let us

%E;:4 p~esenteach one what he has found as Jehovah's

Ig&"g
8 offering,' articles of gold,' ankle chainlets,

"'Bods." M, naph'eeh; L a ,pspehd', i n the plural number; Tg-,

n'#i.ntrs, in the plural. b "Souls." MSam, 188ph'srh; LXXJ psy.ch~',
in the plural number; Sg, ~ ~ a ~ k ' s in
h a the
, pluml. ="The one out
of fifty,'" LXXSyTg; "the one seized (or taken, rtrithmeticrtllg)
out of fifty," hI. d "Chiefs." hISam, sa.&a I
a

541

,,:,,

NUMBERS 32:%I7

Isr~elProm crossing Into the land that Jehovah

and bracelets," signet rjr~gs,~"
earrings," and o,m a:ro
will cert~inlygive them? That is the way YOUR
female ornaments," in order t o make atone- ~:,t%,y
n~~13:3
fathers didn when I sent them from Ka'deshmentn for our sods before J ~ h o v a h , ~ '
nl P:Y :IS:=
D
o
I.??
1 . : ~34): 12
X J O S i.i:a
bnrrne.nf to see the land. And they proceeded
51 Accordingly Moses and E.le.a'zar the priest I1I,P
17:11
to go up t o the torrent valley of Esh'co18 and to
accepted the gold from them,' all the jewelry, r N u 7 5
; 0;:
see the land, after which they disheartened the
" And all the gold of the contribution that they
I sons o
f Israel, so as not t o go into the land that
contributed to Jehovah amounted to sixteen
Jehovah u7as certain to give them.' lo Consethousand seven hrmdred and f i f t y shekels, from
G.15
qticntly Jehovah's3 anger blazed on that day so
the chiefs of the thousands ancl the chiefs of the
~ I S14:El
U
that he sr~~rare,~~
saying: 'The men who came
hundreds. "The men of the army had taken
ep
lip out of Egypt from twenty yearsv old upward
pIunder each for I~imself.~
s4 So Moses and E.le- ~ Q ~ 2 0 : l d
' , ' :;,; j
CI>~p;.12 will not sec the soil of which 1 have w7wna2
a'zar the priest accepted the gold from the
~ L > P9:2y
t o Abraham? Isaac3 and Jacob," because they
chiefs of the thousands and of the hundreds and
vNb1 11:20
nt- 1:a have not EolZo~r.edme wholly, Iz ~ x c e p tCa'lehr
x
brought it into the tent of meeting as a memo- t ~ M:IR
ny 2.1 1
Nil 18:10
the Ken'lz.zite and
rialt for the sons of Israel before Jehovah.
n i T pj 3 . 1 ~ the son of Je.phwn'neh
.TlM 4z-r
Lu ?%:lo
JOS~URX
the
son
of
Nun,
because
they have folci,,
C;C
9H:i5
21i.3
Now the sons of Reu'benu and the sons u$j; $ 1 ~ 2
wn
)'Xu 1.1 24 lowed Jehovnh wholly,' l 3 So Jehovah's anger3
of Gad' had come to have numerous live- N U Z A : ~
:{Il:Ll
1
:
blazed against Israd and he made them wander
stock, very many, in fact. And they began t o see Y(:c
,109 14 !I
NU 2:14
1.111 about in the nlildernessq forty yearso until all
the land of Ja'zerw and the land of G l l ' ~ ~ a d V ~ { ~ ; j j ~ zN 11 1.1 .id
IX 3 : ~ the generation that was doing evil in the eyes
and, look! the place was a place for 1ivestack.y ;:2';!?$2
Jol 11.49
b ~ 1 1, 33 ~ of Jehovah came to their end.' l BAnd here
Wence the sons of Gad and the sons of Red- ?$;{;:;
!I'sns.10 sou have risen in the place of uom fathers as
beng came and said this to Moses and EJe.a'zar 01l c U .'G
S,J(T <lrl:lg
oPsinfulDrnenin order to add furtherb
the priest and to the chieftains of the assembly : u IC 7 : 1.1
I 7nc1 %13'r~m138 thebrood
to
the
burning
anger of Jehovah against Israel."
"At'a.ro.othz and Di'bonP and Ja'zer and Nirn'- $
' :?;:?&
*Nu26:I34
D~2.15 "In case YOU should turn back from following
rah' and Hesh'bon3 and E.le.atlr;h'and Se'bamW .$;;$;:,jil:,
?1:23
:Fs,tn::7 him,'then he would certainly once again let them
and Ne'h' and Beion,: the Iand that Jehovah *-Vj$u 11:2ti
C ~ J P T : ~ stay longer in the wilderness and YOU rvould
defeated before t h e assembly of Israel, is a land *;I
Q'I
,c 1:34
h'e n : ~ f i have acted ruinously toward all this people."'
for livestock, znd your servrtn ts have live- b 11 :{.):!t4
1'q 75 r l
b:t 21 :I?
16 Later they approached him and said: "Let
stock."; And they went on t o say: "If we have
'I;"?
' L c 7t~.
1.1
P)c 21 [
llu?4:17
US build here stone flock pensa for our livestock
found favor" in yam eyes, let this land be given ' 3 U ::I1 i7
l > p :If1 17
J,,, ?
, 16 and cities for our lEttZe ones. l7 But we ourselves
to your servants as a possession. Do not make " ~ . , " ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~
2%'11 'i 19
shall go equipped 3n battle formation*before the
::,(I
11s moss the Jordan."=l
,
,
.\U .=.1 1,!
sons of Israel until whenever we have brought
6 Then Moses said to the sons of Gadmand the
?
;;?I
them to their place, ivhile our little ones m~lst
sons of Reu'ben: "Are SOUR brothers to go to
war' while You yome1ves keep dwelling hcre? ;g:::g
lrjhu 21:1
Or, "soil thnt T hnw pmmis~dund~i-oritll," 'Pg, 'In order to
And 1vhy s110~1ldYOU disheartenm t h e sons of
arfd fnrtlrcr," LNXTgSy ; mhicl~is the wny 318nm eho~lldlac rend.

C~I:?~I

'

r,;,!,

;i;

:<:

NUMBERS 32:18-28

543

542

dwell in the cities with fortifications away from

the face of the inhabitants of the land. Ig We
shall not return to our houses until the sons of
Israel have provided themselves with landed
property, each with his o\Jn inheritance.' l o For
we shall not get an inheritance with them from
the sicFe of the Jordan and beyond, because our
inheritance has came t o us from the side of the
mil 9 2 : ~
Jordan to~vardthe sunrising."*
dns 12:1
20 At this Moses said to them: "If YOU will J o a 13:H
do this thing, if YOU n-ill equip yorirselves before
De 3:18
Jehovah for the warsb and every equjpped one JOB
1:I3
Jos I:I2
of YOURS does pass over the JoIY1a11 before Jeho- J O N 2 2 3
1:42
vah until he drives mvay his enemies" from before him, " and the land has bccn subdud be3:m
f o i ~Jehovah"and afterward YOU rehtrn,E"then *h
doa 10:W
11:23
you will indeed prove y o ~ u ~ e l v free
e s from guilt JPrurs14:2
against Jehovah and against Israel and this land ?t'S 3>:.t
must become aauRs as a pwsessiolz belore Jeho3713
vah." '"ut
if YOU will not do this way, then you 'DE
Jos 1:15
3 0 13:N
~
will certainly sin against Jehov~h.'" t l ~ n cAse
t
-1)r 24:15
44:IG
know that YOUR sin will catcli up tvitlr YOU,' *Gc
W:H
" Buifd for yourselvrs cities for ~ o u little
n
oms 1:s
1 r 1;+:21
1811 11
and stone pens for YOUR floclrs, and what hns J.;u "):I2
.<:?:I6
gone forth from YOLTR mouth wnrr should do."lJ >.V\&
Nit 3.36
25 Then the sons of Gad and the sons of
Re~a'l~en
said this to Moses : "Your savants mill
do jttst as my lord is m a n d B ~ g'"
, Our
~ Ilttlt?
ones, our wives, our Iivestock and all our dumestic animals WlI stay there in tile cities at
Gll'aad,' ?7 but your servants will pass ovcs,
everyone equipped for the army,+bcl'orc Jphov d for
~ the war, just as my lord Is spcakfng."
28 Accordingly N10ses gave a cornnqand respecting them to E.le.afzar the priest and to
Joshua- the son of Xtm and t o the heads of the

i
E

fathers of the t r j h of the sons of Israel. SO

Moses said to them: "If the sons ofGad and the
sons of Reu'bcn wiH pnss with SOU over the
Jordan, everyone equlpped for the tvar, before
Jehovah,* and the land hns b w n subflued before
+?tSTjF9
"Ge3*=
YOU,then you must give them the land of Gil'eNu 224
ad as a possession. Uv But if they will not pass over
$ 8
aGe2g.32 equipped with YOU," then they must be setNU z 10 tled in YOUR lnidst in the land of Ca'naan.""
NuZC1:7
C D3
*NU
32:25
~1 2
31 TO this the sons of Gad' and the sons of
4to,
7 0 s 23:8
13:8 Reu'ben* answered, saying: "what Jehovah has
spoken to your servants is the way we shall do.
; ;$: j : ;
'XU
32 \T'e o~~rselves
will pass over equlppd before
De 2.3:
PS 3 3 1 9 Jehovah to the Emd of Caknaan and the possesSrs
D 13:;
~ ~ ~ 1sion
1
of our inheritance will be with ushon this
Fs 3 - 6 . 2 0
At this Moses gave to
=xu$.a0 side of the Jordan."'
ybU,t;!,5, them, that Is,t o the sons sf Gadn and t o the sons
f Reu*SenA
and to half the trihe of Ma.nas'sehP
Jer
~ ~
~s:18
" lo
~
. 2
*xu 32:s the son of Joseph, the realm of Sl'hon' the king
JUS 16:2
~ DI C
,i of the Arn'~r'~jtes'
and the realm of Og3the king
of Batshan,Vthct land belonging t o its cities in
1De2:36
ZDe
1:4
:",S1:249 the ter~itorles,and the cjties of the land round
mNu 2132
Jos 13:25
zsa23:5

,I.

lsn 16.8
11J~;8:1'
Xu 31.3

920s

r l ~ 3u
nu
2::25
x 4
I

NUMBERS 32:29-37

JrN 13:lT
I C 5~3 1
Isa 6,10
13:4

abut.^

34 And the sons of Gnd proceeded t o build

Di'bon' and At'a,l*othum d A.rorcr,I L 3 and At'roth-sho'pllan and Jatwrm and Jogbe.hah,a
3G and Beth-nlm'rahr and Beth-ha'ran,~ cities
with fortificntions, and stone flock pens.t h d
the sons of Reu'ben built; Hesh'bonis and EJe-

L X S inserts here: "for the nanr h ~ f o r pJeliov~h,thcn T ~ will

U
c a q acrosa their houachald stuff (tl~oirb n ~ ~ a r annd
) thcir wirea
and their cattle ahend of r o l l itltu tlw land oj'('n'nnnnnJ'b ''Ar~dt h p
lmssrssiaa of our inheritnncr will be lr-itll ua," 11; "nnd YOV give as
the possesion," L S X . A proposerE rending for M i v : ('find (lo you
give the po~sesqionof Qllr ~nhvrit~unce.'" O.XS rrr~rls: "tl~eInliri and
the cities with its h~undnri~rr,
r i t i r ~of t11r lond rill around"; F-g,
"and th&r land with their c i t i c ~nll nmurid."
a

NUMBERS 32:M

3 :6

544

aflehv and Kir.i.a.thatirn,w Bn and Ne'boy and v$:;z::;

aEx 1320 went camping in E1tham,"hich
is on the edge
Ea'al-me'onz-their names being changed-and $;Sy;T9
of
the xvllderness. ' Next they pulled away from
Sib'mah,' and they began to call. by their own Jer
f Ex 14:2
E ' t h ~ mand turned back toward Pi.ha.hi'roth,t
namesDthe names of t h e cities that they built. '%,Ek3
rrCa 1 4 3 which !s jn view of Ba'al-ze.ph@n,u and they
39 And the sons of Ma'chlru the son aP Ma- :%&?
went camping before Mig'd01.t After that they
nas'seh proceeded lo march to GiIre.ad and ta
p u l l 4 away from Pi.ha.hlrrothaand went passcapture it and to drive away t lke Am'or.it~swho
-=Nu34:3 ing through the midst of the seaa t o the wilder?'Ex 14:a
were in it. I 0 So Moses gave Gil'e.ad t o Ma'chir
Jue 2:lO nessv ~ n kept
d marching a three-day journey in
1'3 106:9
the son of Ma.nas'seho and he took up dwelling C N ~ m : l
the wilderness of E'tharnw and took up camping
Ac 7.36
in i t A* I And Ja'ir the son of Mn.nas'seh marcher1 "g,"l:+%
1 tcb l::29 at ~ ~ # ~ ~ h , y
1: I:u 13:m
and went capturing their tent villages, and he
,J.:.15:23
g Then they pulled away frwn Ma'rah and
3:14
began to call them Hav'volh-ja'ir.@+ 2 And No'lax
came
t o ~ ' l i r n :Now
~ in ~ ' l i hthere were twelve
bah marched and went capturing Ke'nath* and +ich a:B
Cha:6
springs of watef' and seventy palm trees. So
its dependent towns,b and he began t o call I t
they camped there. l-~ext they pulled away
No'bah by hls arm name.
from E'lim and went camping by the Red sea.
These were the stages of t h e sons of 3s' W t c r that they pulled away from the Red sea
racl who went out af the land of Egypt
BEK16:l
and took up camping in the wilderness of Sin.'
4
:
1
9
in their arrnies9y the hand of Moses and
Then they pulled away from the ~vilderness
Aaron, And Moses kept recording the deparof Sin and went camping at Doph'kah, Later
ture places by their stages at the order of
they pulled away from Doph'kah and went
J e h o ~ a hand
, ~ these were their stages from one ~~;~~~camping at Alush. "They next pulled away
departure place to another:m And they profront A'lush and went camping. in Rephqt.rlSrnm8
*Ex
EX 1'1:~
11:8
ceded to pull away from RamtePses'in the Brst .$p,!%y
I; li:n
I
: And there proved t o be no water there for the
month on the fifteenth day of tl1e first rn~nth.~hl:$
:$$
people t o drink. I g After that they pulled away
Directly the day after t h e passovers the sons of
from Reph7,dirn and went camping h the
Israel went out with upliftccl hand before the
33:a
ivllderness
of Si'naLDO
tJ.:x 19.1
eyes of A H the Egyptians.] All the while the ' 7 3 ~ ~ ~ : "
16
Subsequently
they pulled away from the
N U 1:~.
Nu
x4
Egyptians were burying those whom Jehovah
~vllderness of Si'nal and went camping at
had struck among them, that Is, all the first- 7;;g::g
KiKib'mth-hatxa'a-vah.. Then they pulled away
h m , m and upon their gods: Jehovah had exe- cDc4.m
from KIb'roth-hat.fa'a.val1 and went camping
nEx 12:12
cuted judgments."
Ex 18:11
Ha.z~'roth.~
IS After t h a t they pulled awsy
cgDe: I:I
;;:y in
5 So t h e sons of Israel pulled away from $;\g$\
from Ha.ze'mth and went camping in Rith'mah,
Ram'c,ses and went camping in S ~ c ' c a t h .rlcs12:37
~
"Next they pulled away from Rithkmah and
@Then they pulled atvny from Suc'coth and
took up camping in Rirn'mon-pe'rez. zbThen

33

"By ttieir own nan~es,~'

LXX8y; '<by nmee," 3iISnm. b Literally,
"and its dnugE~tsru."

'*From Pi.hn.bi'roth," SmSy'PgTO, n special reading cnlled

GerFr, and runt17 EIpl~rewmannpcrjpts ; "from before Hn.liitrof 11," nf.

NUMBERS 33 :39-52

NUMBERS 33 :21-38

they pulled away from Rh'mon-pe'rez m d

went camping in Lib'nah. Later they pulled
away from Lib'nah and went camping In Risrsah. " Next they pulled away from Ris'sah and
ivent camping in Ke.he-la'thah. r3 Then they
puIIed away f rorn Ke-he.lacthahand went camping in Mount She'pher.
24 After that they pulled away from Mount
She'pher and went camping in Har.n'dah. -Nu2:=
"Then they pulled away born Har.aSdah and
went camping in hlak.he'loth. =Wext they
pulled a w a p from ZMak.herloth and went camp-;;m
ing in Ta'hath. "After t h a t they pulled away
from Ta"hath and !vent camping in Te'rah,
2b Then they pulled away from Teyah and ivcnt
camping in Mith'kah. 20 Later they pulled away
from Mith'kah and went camping Hrnh.1110'nah. 30 Next they pulled away from Hash.molnah and ment camping in Mo.se'roth." Then 'Do 10:s
they pulled away fi70m Mose%oth and \-vent
camping in Ben'e-jaTa.kan." "After that they Mg%;r
pulled away from Ben'e-ja'a-kan and went camp- 1c111:12
ing in Hor-hag-gid'gad. " Next they pulled awny
from Ror-hag.gld'gad and w w t camping in
JotFba.thah." l a t e r they pulled away from mDclQ:T
Jottba.thah and went camping in A.bro'nnh.
s 9 ~ they
n pr~llednway from A-bro'nah and nDPz,s
j:3
went camping in E'zian-ge'ber.' " After that r1tl ii1i 22:.19
they pulled away from E'zi-on-ge'ber md went 21 s.1;
camping in the tvilderness; of Zin," that is to t.$:l~yi?
Nu 3 1 , l
say, Ka'desh.
T.ir 27.1.1
37 Later they pulled away from Ka'desh: ~ n d
went camping in Mount Hor, ion the frontier of
the land of E'dom." 3sAnd Aaron the pr1est7 'IDL?W 217:!i
.~~7
proceeded t o go up into Mount Hor' at t h e or- ;?;. ;1;$;
der of Jehovah and t o die there in the fortieth
j4

E:
s;;':,;";,

yearC'of the going out of the sans of Israel from

the land of Egyptr in the fifth month, on the
lm first of the month.' :IR knd Aaron was n hundrcd and twenty-three years old a t his death
on Mount Hor.
40NowtheCaknan-ite,mekingofA'rad,*
Jb: 1 : l G
n r : ~ 12:#1 as 11e was dwelling in the Neg'eb," in the l a d
I:+:.'$
G@21:U3 of Ca'naan, got to hear about the coming of
X u I ? I7
,LW ai:3 the sons of Brael.
47. In time they pulled away from h l a ~ m t
, .
. 7 1
~7!h
Her' and went camping in Zal.motnah. *=After
*?.u 21:4
that they pulled away from Zalmo'nah and
mNU
u 11:17
a32
ivcnt camping' in Pu'non. *Wext they pulled
L K U 21 :lo awny from Pu'non and ment camping in O " b ~ t h . ~
Thcn they pullcrl away from O'both and went
~u 21:n
camping In I'ye-abk.rimR: on tlze border of
* C c in:37 Mo'a33.' 4n L R ~ Ethey
T pulled away from I'yim
Ex 11:15
Fiiu 21.30 and tvent camping in Di'bon-gad."
After that
XI( Y:! 3 1
they pulled away iran~Di'hon-gad and went
R , I
.Jcp mIF;,IR
. I K : ~ Z crimping in hl'rnom-dib.labt!~a'im.' .L7 Then they
Hh"P l : l x pulled nway from Al'rnon-dibalatha"Im
and went
l h :32:.I1l
1
1
:
camping in the rnountahs of Ab'a.rimw hefore
.-.ro.s
L t l Lk? : 1
1 2 ~ 3 Ne'l~o.* 48 Finally they pulled away from the
JI l.C."r)
ITru Y, :I m o u n t ~ i n sof AhraLrimand took up camping on
CSN 33 1
rhc rlescrt plnins of Mo'abu by tbe Jordan at
, Y,r' ' !8 J c r ' i . ~ h o . ~ And they continued camping by
./I
:lie,
the Jordan from Beth-jesh'i.rnathA to A'bel*htt 2 , 1
l~u:{'?:m shit'tirn' on thc? desert plains of Mo'ab.
.lo* 2.2
;.;a1115
50hndJeh~vahpmceec1edtospeaktoiMoses
4: 2
JYL.:~:I:J on the descrt plains of Mo'ab by the Jordan a t
It t 81'1El
JerYi.cho,'saying: "Speak t o the sons of IsL
l l ~ t1
j 1:m
m~e~andyot~mustsaytothern,'Youarecn>ssanrlp71
Ing the Jordan into theland of Ca'naan.m32And
!~
15'20

C.V

h,~,ml.

?c

*'I

~1.

::.I

.\I3

j1

I,i tcv-rllly, '"I'yirn (ruin$) of tllc Atfn.rit~h"; h ~ n wcalled simp1y

'* Ifyinl" i n the next verse, 8ee Su~abers21 : 11,footnded. b Or,'-the

hfi~(i~b~Ini~d.''

NUMBERS 33 :53--34:2

548

549

must drive away all the inhabitantsmof th

land from before youx and destroy all thei
stone f i g u r e s , b ' and all their I ~ R R C S . of m01te
YOU

3 '"'And YOUR~ 0 ~ 1 tside

h must prove to be from
the wilderness of Zin alongsicle E'dom," and
'YU 3594 1 ' 0 ~south
~
boundary0 must prove to bc from the
extremity of the Salt sea' on the cnst,b And
"n01:40
GO1.1:~
J o e 3 : l f l YOUR boundary must change dlrcction from the
d c ~ u15.2
* J ~ > N1 5 : ~ south t o the ascenta of A+krab'birn' and cross
J& 1:x
ts terrnlnatlonlmust prove to
c su 13 21 over t o Zin,' and i
s u 20,l
be on the south of Ka'desh-barPne.a'and it must
A ,,:I
,,I,.,.:ti,:, go out to Ha'zn-adYda?land pass aver t o Az'; ; rnonmrnfi And the boundary must chnngc direction
at M m o n to the torrent valley of Egypt" and
1 ;
l r i l n tis
its terminationb must prove to be at t h e Seamcy
lvrl 3 ~ : l a
:
.
I
6 '' 'ASfor a west boundary, it must prove
dlls 1 .I
to be for YOU the Great seay nand t h e shoreland.
Jns rb I
J(>s15:12
Jal~21:,$ This will become YOUR west boundary,
7 'Now this will become YOUR north boundary : From the Great sea 1-011
will mark out to
@De1:2
Mount': Hord as a boundary for yourselves.
I, From Mount Hor YOU will mark out the bsundary a11the way to Ilafmath,B and the termination
my,",
g;i
2Snfi:$
of the boundary must prove to be a t Ze'dad-t
A\ I 1 4 25
t~.;1.:1e*i7:15,
And the boundary must go out to Ziph'mne
and i t s terminaion must prove to be Ha'zarurzo47!17 e'nanU This will become YOUR north boundary.
10 '"Then YOU must mark for yourselves as
YOUR boundary on the east Prom Ha'zar-e'nan
,.2K123!39 to SheSpham. And the boundary must go down
from She'phamf t o Rib'lahsv on the emt of Afin,
:
and
t h e border must go dawn and strike upon
::i;$,i!
'Jo'lkl

metalq YOU should destroy and nP1 ihelr s

higllmplaces YOU should anniliil~te.~"'A n d so
must take possession of the land and dwell in i
because to YOU I shall certainly give the land
talce possession of it.' fi4 And YOU must npp
tion the land t o yourselves as a possession by
according to YOUR families," To the popttlaus
one YOU should increase his inheritnncc" and
the spnrse one YOU should reduce Ills inhc
~ n c e To
. ~ where t h e l o t nlilI come out for 11
there it wfll become his,- By the tribes of
fatllcrs YOU should provide yoursclvcs
landed property.'
:s:r
Jos 1S:ll
-33 " 'If, though, POW 1141not drive the In- ?JOS
habitants of the land away fmm before YOU,# =JkljTG
then those whom YOU Ieave of them will cer- FS 106.34
tainly become as pricks in YOUR eyes and as "E:3
i3
thorns in YOVR sides and they will indeed hnrnss 5,F24i12
YOU on the land in which YOU will he dwelling."
p;!!:
''' And it must occur that just as I had figured .[;
iF;?g
doing to tIt~mI shall do to YOU.' "'
:c;e 11.7
G E1315
And Jehovah spoke fufiher to n%s=, E,"::i;s
saying: "'Command the sons of Israel ;;;s;&,
and you must say to them, 'You are going into
;zill
the land sf Ca'naan." This is the land thatc ~ ~ l i l,A
laer 3:19
fall to YOU by Inheritance,' the land of Ca'nann :F2i724
nccarding to its b ~ u n d a r i e s . ~
:E
.lc PIT1!14
:~%

43-11

'

1
I

34

"1-nu nre r~losdngthe Jordan into t l ~ rlnnr?o f Cn'nnnn. And TOE

trill rlawt my nIl tlw inh~bit.mts+"L S S S y ; ' * \ ~ * I I P ~ I-nr rvill rross the
d n l - ~ l n tt t~r ptltcr the lnnd of C'n'nnnn, ~l<ahtrrrv11l1 t t r ~itil~nbitants,"
YE. b OI+, "tl~rir S ~ O T P ~ ~ P C ~ aR '. r" l - o ~tlr0 g~li~ir
inlo the land of
Url'nz~a~~,
This is (will he) the lnnd thnt,'' 311,SX;L.lTshenYOU m i l l
CHic8I1 tIi1' lar~rlof Cn'unan, and it," r g ,

NUMBERS 34: 3-11

Or, "pns.s." bLiternliT, "outgoings*s,l'or, "cxit~." 1Thnt is, the

Orcnt spa, the 3Eeditorrnnenn.d Jlonnt Bnr nmncrt hrw is uncertain
n s t o lorfition, hut wen prol~ablya prominent penk of Lellanoti.
Zi Iirt.ol~'rl~ i t eia z ~ n k u o m .%Shs'plinn~'a uito i n ~u~lrnown,
g This
nil) Inh on tlre aortll boundary enst of d'in is not identicnl. with
I?ih'lnli in tllv lnncl of I3a'mth. S o identificntion hnu thlra f n r been
fom~rlfor it.

J'

'1
the eastern slope of the sea of Chin'ne.reth.aw
:'And t h e border must go datvn to the Jordano tF&F;/,4
/
and IQ termination must prove t o be thc Salt :~;.:iz,
sea? This will become HOUR land according to LU T,:I
Jt>h G:l
its boundaries all around.""
;c 1..+:TO
13 So Moses commanded the sons of Israel,
saying: "This is the land that you will apportion t o yourselves as a possession by I O ~ just
, ~ z% szizi
as Jehovah has commanded t o give to the ninc Jon 7 , l : L
and a hall tribes.* l4 For the tribe of the sons of "Jon I8j;Z
the Reu'benites by t h e house of their f~tliers
and the tribe of the sons of the Gad'itesa by the -13e5-7~3
l~ouscof their fathers have already taken and
the half tribe of Ma-nas'seh have already taken
their inheritance.' The ttvu and a half tribes
f:p
have already taken their inheritance from the IIP i11:1
region of the Jordan by JerPi.cho eastward to- jE:
~ S 32:33
U
ward the sunrising,'jn
16 h d Jehovah spoke further t o Moses, saying: lVTThese are t h e names of the men WIIQ
ivlll divide the land to You people for a possession, E.le.a'zaPdthe priest and Joshuao the son
$
!:0.15
of' Nun."#And YOU wiH take one cltieftain3 out , .Trin
r : G::I
~
of each tribe to divide the Band for a possession: y;':;;;;
' And these a r e the names of the men: Of the
tribe of Judah," Ca?ebz the son of Jc.phun'- ch:;'gj.l";j
- t,,. l : . ~ ;
neh;' " and of the tribe of the sons of Sim'c.on,P1 i::./:!;iB
She.muPelthe son of Ammi'hud; " of the tribe of lrh-2;:13
121
Benjamh,Pm Eli'dad the son of Chisflon; " and !$;jl,~
of the tribe of the sons of Dan" a chieftain, ~ u s 1 j : t i ~
1,109 i l l : l
Bulc'kl the son of Jogli; e3 of the sons of p ~ < , s . ~ N ; ~ ~
Joseph,@'af the b i b e of the mns of M~.nas'seh#:';7~~~~4~{Jb
1
EL chieftain, Han'ni.el the son of E'phod; z 4 m d H""""1~':1O S1;:l
of the tribe of the sons of E'phra.fmsLa chieb ~J",T~?;;,;:
tatn, Kc-mu'el the son of Shiph'tan; Pa and of
4 Or, sen of G~n.ne'xa.reth, the sea of Onl'i.lee,

CE

zE
I

'

"J1)"

551

NUMBERS 34: 26-35 :6

of the sans of Zeb'u.luncu a chieftain,

E-lizra.phanthe son of Par'nach; *" and of the
:zgqg;;7tribe of the sons of Is'sa-chopv n chieftain,
Pal'ti.el the son of Azkan: ':and of the tribe
I f ' J o ~ 1 9 :of
~ the sons of Ash'er'v a cl~ieftnin,A.hilhud the
son of She.lo?ni; "'and
of the trjk of the sons
of
Napll'ta.li9Y
a
chieftain,&
the son
:rEsyil&of Am.mifhud." These ltrePed-ah'el
the ones whom
Jehovah con~mnndedto rnnlce the sons of Israel
xk;lg$slandholders in the lnnrl or Cafnnrtn."
And Jehovah went on to spenk to Moses
an the desert plains of M o k b by the Jordan" at Jer1i.cha,@saying: " "Give the sons of
g: EiE Israel the command that they must give the
c a m : l o Levites cities' t o inhabit out of the inheritance
@ ~ e ~ : 4of
9 their possession,) find they should give the
Levites t h e pasture potttid af the cities all
*LR 2 5 9 a
And the cities must serve for
NU 1a:a around them.'
them to inhabit, while their pnsfure grounds3
:g,%l:$ will serve f o r their domestic snirnaIs and their
property and for all their mild
And the
ODE
OJOS7PI
: E11
pasture
grounds
of
thc
cities,
which
YOU
will
;;;4;; the Levites, will he from the wall of the citygive
and
out for a thousandtl cubits AH around. "And
YOU must rnexure outside the city on the east
side two thousand cubits and on the south side
two thousand cubits and on the !vest side two
A%-u 3533
ma:= thousnndcubitsanrion tIlendrthsidet!vothouJ o s E:Z
J O S 21:3
sand mtlits, wit11 llse city In the n~iddle.This
Jos; 21'13
J ~ S
z l I z ~ will serve them as pasture grounds of the cities.
dus 2137
6 "These are the cities that sou will give to
J O S 21,32
the Levites: six cities of refuge," which YOU
u JOS ~9:xo
0mm33

the tribe

~~~~~

:::

"A chieftnin." Sy omit:: this e x p r ~ ~ ~ in

i u dl
n itm nitle occurrpnces
in verses 92-25, and VE in nI1 v n . n p ~~ x r ~ l Yi,
i t wllnre it hny ~ A . C
("lender"). Vpise 18 P ~ O W Rnll twplvs rn12t1 I I ' C ~ C ckeffilins. b "A
thousand: MS.un8yVp; "'L!vo thouhn~~d,"LEY.

NUMBERS 35:7-I6

552

will give for the manslayerse to flee there, and @NUxi:a5

besides them YOU will give forty-two other
cities. MI the cities that you will give to the
Levites will be forty-eight cities, they together
with their pasture groundsPom e cities that Qft;g#
YOU will give !;ill be from the possession of the ro6:sl
sons of IsraeI.' From the many YOU will take ' D C ~ ' : ~
many and from the few You will take few." Ec:g;iy
Each one; in proportian to his inheritance that
he will take as a possession, will give some of
his cities to t h e Levites."
9 And Jehovah continued to speak to Moses,
saying: "Speak to the sons of Israel, and you
must say to them, 'You are crossing the Jordan
$f;iy
to the land of Cabaan." And YOU must choose ;
;
$,;:
cities convenient far yourselves. As cities of
refuge they will serve f o r you, and the manCI:
:2
slayer must flee there who fatally strikes a :"d.&l :a
soulh unintenti~nally.~"~
And the cities must 'J"'s2'."
15:tD
serve YOU as a refuge from the blood avenger,="'.Xu
DE Intrr
that t h e manslayer may not die w t i l he stands i$!!?b$
before the assembly for
l 3 And the :)::;
cities that YOU will give, the six cities of refuge, JumZrJ:4
will be at YOUR service. Three cities You will
give on this side of the Jordan; and three cities cDekl
YOU will give in the land of Ca'naan.'" As cities ADE EL
of refuge they m i l l serve. For the sons of Isra- Y',C,l$!;7,
el and for the temp^^^@ resident and for the "C lU.IB
settler in the midst of them these six cities will
serve as a refuge, for anyone to flee there that
fatally strikes a soulb unintenti~na1ly.~
OEn
LC 2::m
1249
16 "'Now if it was with an instrument of "U1"10

"z
]jc

:&::,

Or, "murderer:+ b 'SOUL!'

N s a m , nel~lr'esA; L.LY, psp.cACP; Sy,
aapbrshn. Or, "the go'&"
Usam; "the; avengw of blood," AXX,
a

By! Old Entin (Itala], T.

ironmthat he has struck him so that he dies,'

he is a r n ~ r d e r e r .Without
~
fail the murderer

shot~ldbe put to deathem And if it was with

a small stone' by which he could die that he
has struck him so that he dies, he Ss a murderer.
Without fall the murderer should be put to
death. h c l i f q t ~ V E Ewith a mat1 instrument
of ~vooclby ~vhichhe could die that he has struck
him so that he dies, he Is a murderer, Without
Sail the murderer s h o ~ l dbe put t o death.
19 'The avengerc*of blood3 is the one who
win put the murderer to death. When he chances upon him h e himself \ivill put him to death.
2 0 And if in hatred he should push him* or he
has thrown at him while lying in waitfl: t h a t
he might die, 2' or with hostile disposition he
has stir~ckhim with his hand that he might die,
wiihclut fail the striker should be put t o death.
Hc is R murderer. The avengerAof blood will put
the murderer t o death when he chances upon
him.
I
22 " 'But If It was u~~expectedly
without hostile d!sp~sitionthat he hns pushed him or has
thrown any article toivvcrd him without Iying in
wnit,"b ?:Ior any stone by which he could die
ivltl~outseeing hlm or he should cause it to fall
upon him, so that he dIed, while he was not hostile to him nnd was not seeking his injury,
*'then the assembly must jt1dge"ettveen t h e
striker nnd the avenger of blood according to
these judgments,' " S d the assembly' must deliver' tllc manslayer%ut of the hand of the
avenger' of Mood and the assembly must retrsln

I i Z t r r ~ l l "n
~ , xfonc of Irnntl.'?b " , h d if," LXT, Sam, SF and n few
f11~l)rra
~nnnucr*l~igtr;
"Or," 11. Or, "Thc go'el.'' Ux, "at him
1v1lI1 aiiultriona i ~ l f ~ t ~ t *, "''Witbout ~ilali~i~afi
intent!'

555

him to his city of refuge t o which he had fled,

and he must d~rlellin it until the death of the
high priest who was anointed2 with the holy z l S u ~ : ~ O
- no 8:u
oil.:"
3:7
26 " 'But if the manslayer should at all go k; ;,I&
out of t h e bFunda@ of his city" sf refuse to ;P,:~~?;~
which he may flee, " and the avengerr of blood r x ~3t; In
does find him outside the boundary of his city of
refuge and the avenger of blood does slay thc
mans la ye^,^ he has no bloodguilt, A' For he "Dclg:a
oug11t to dmeIl in his city of refuge until t I ~ c
high priest's death: and after the high priest's
death the manslayer may return t o the land of
his possession. x g And these must serve as a
statute* of judgment for You throughout YOL~R -h-u2;:1I
-1Sn m:18
generations in a11 noux d~x~ellinfplaces.
30 " 'Every fatal striker of a souls should be
slain as a m u d e r e at the mouth' of wit- ;fSz$if7
nessesp' and one witness may not testify agajnst F$:J;;?
a S O L I ~for
~ him t o die. 31 And YOU must take no
;: p! 2i ~33
ransom5 for the soulCLof a murderer ~ r ~ hiso :lsu
deserving to die,' f o r without fail he should be " y :/, ~
put to death." " And row must not take a ran- :j,t,:L:,'$
sam for one who has fled to his city of refuge F,:;l;;i,j
irPi) I
to reswne dwelling in the land before the clcath z:,J[>
?.lh
of the high priest.b
- r ,c 9,5
L\ 2l:l.Z
33 " 'And YOU must not pollute the land in u c i:*:m
tvhich YOU wetC
bemuse It is blood that pollutes
the landb and for the hncl there may he no 5?;;A;f
ntonernent respecting the blood that has been ;;cfit;l~~i8
spilled upon it except by the blood of the one ~t K7.i
spilling itsb"dnA'
you must not deme the land :k:

--

'LSo~tl!'3ISou1, trt.pA'esh; L-LT,p ~ y r k ~ 'Sy,

; ~~rrylr'.ukn,b "The
high prie~t.,"LAX, Sam,
nnd nus Hebrew rnss~nqcript; "tlrr
PI-itst," 31; pnnr!i.fe.r, Vg= "900 nre,?' RI; *'YOU m a dwrlting,"'
LKY, S n ~ n ,Sy, ITg and fotm Hebrew rnnnuseripts.

' L C 1 8 ! 2 Vwhich
n
YOU me dwelling,' in the midst of
which I ~m tcntjng, for I Jehovah' am tenting
in f he midst of the sons of Lsrael.'
a'Ex
xu 5 3
1 lii (<:I3
And the heads of the fathers of the family of the sons of Gil'e.adz the son of
?g:&li, Ma'chir' the sou at Ma.nas'seh3 of the families
"h'R27:3

36

of the sons of Joseph proceeded to come near

and speak before Mosesn and the chieftains,the
head3 of the fathei*sl'of the sons of Israel, and
say: "Jehovah- commanded" my lord to give
t l ~ cland in InheritanceT by lot to the sons of
Israel,"
and my lord" was commanded by Jeho:!;%$!,7,
vah
to
give
the inheritance of Ze.lo'phe-had* our
1
1:
'XII L a 1
N L I:!7,7
hrotller to lzis daughters. If anp of the sons
of the other tribes of the sons of Israel hapODe3:lg
pened t o get them as wlves~then the womel-r's
inherItntlcc must be mithdranm from the inheritance of our f ~ t h e r annd must be added to
the inheritance of the tribeqts which they may
come to belong so that it would be withdrawn
27:*
from the lot of our inheritance." Now if the
* LC 27:31 Jubilee' should take place for the sons of Israel,
then t h e women's inheritance must be added to
the inheritance of the tribed to which they may
come lo bclong, so that their inheritance would
he withclmwn from the inheritance of the tribe
of our fnthers."
5 Then hioses commanded the sons of k a e l
at the order of Jehovah, saying: "The lribe of
0h.u 27:7 the sons of Josepiz Is spealring: right.; *This is
Dl! P 9
the word that J~hovahhas commanded for the
'ZS:', '(1nughtei.s ol Ze.lo'phe.hac1; saying, 'To whom
"c
15:9 1 it is good in their e y ~ they
f
may become ~vives.
Jua 17:'

bF;hzt!

NUMBERS 36:1-6

I
t

LXXRy hcre inscrt : "snd 1)cPnrr R.le.ntzar the priest.'' b Or,"the

bond f ~ l t h r ~ ~ Or,
; ' ''the c h i d fntt1~13." aliterr~lly,"one." d Or,
<'tlih~.s."

NUMBERS 36 :7-13

556

Only it is t o the family of the trlbe of their

fathers that they should bworne wives." And ENuso:u
no inheritance of the sons of Israel should circulate from tribe t o bibe, because the sons of
Israel should cleave each one t a the inheritance
of the trilse of his forefathers.' dnA"
every 'lK121:s
daughter getting possession af an inheritance
out of the tribes of t h e sons ofIsrael, t o one out
of the family of the tribe of her father she
sllould become a wife,' in order that the sons of *'ch
Israet may get possessian each one of the inheritance of his forefathers. And no inheritance should circuIate from one tribe to another
tribe, because the tribes of the sons of Israel
should cleave each to its own inheritance,' "
10 Just as Jehovah had commanded MQS~S,
that is the way the daughters of Ze.lo'phe.had
did.' l1 Accordingly Mah'lah, Tir'zah and Hag'- *Nu$8:8
lah and Mil'cah and No'ah, the daughters of
Ze.lo'phe.hadIn became the wives of the sonsn of ;pu$:pr
their father's br0thers.a l 2 To some of the families of t h e sons of Ma.nasPsehthe son of Joseph
they became wives, that their inheritance might
continue together with the tribe of the fmily
of their father.
13 These are the comandment.sE and the
&4;;::
judicial decisionsd that Jehovah commanded by EE:;
means of Moses t o #e sons of Israel on the
;'I
desert plains of Mo'ab" by the Jordan at Jer'i- c~
t X, 20:3
~ 1 1 0a.

Or, "their paternal nnde~''

311

3250

xu s:1

DEUTERONOMYa
OD? 3 . 1 : ~

Thew are the worctsb

Moses3
1wilderness,
the region of
the desert plainsc in

spoke to
the JordanLhin
JOR" 1
Ihe
on
front of
21:21 Suphltlb e t w e ~ n
Pa'rano
and
To'phel
and
La%m
I ~ U
ro.1-a
+xu33:lH and Ha.ze'troth*and Di'za.hab, = it being eleven
days from Mo'reb- by the way of Mountz Se5r
'y;; a(;:,
to liavesh-harbc-a.' " And i t came about that
1 ; 13 'in 'lhc fortieth* year, in the eleventh month, on
8 %L l :I:'. 1'4
:l.r :A the first of the month, Moses spoke to the sons
of Israel acco~*dlng
to all that Jehovah had mmrnmded him for them, 'after his defeating
Si'110n' t h e king3 of the Amfor.ites, who was
Jn* 12:2 dwelling in Hesh'bon, and Og" the king of Ba'nsll 3:11i
?DG
nr.rs shnn," who was dwelling in Ash'ta.roth,* in
c;y3ff11 E#rc.inL Ln the region of the Jordan in the
;
; land of Mo'aw Moses undertook t o explain this
W ~ I ?2:29
'Nu 32.10

that

all Israel in

i1.1

$1 l c m 1 7 : ~

l.Jon I,?:l2
DC 2:20

snyjng :

6 "Jehavnho our God spoke to us in HoPreb,O

An0 .1'S
rjc 1 7 ' 1 ~ saying, 'You have dwelt long enough in this
< I,:< :+: t
m o u n t ~ l n oregion.'
~ ~ ~ Turn and set out on your
: I
A2:i:.I,"':i tvny and go into the mountainous region of the
AnYormitbsioand t o all their neighbors0 in i3e
'

~ ~ r . r r . t ~ ~ ~ o . ~ ~ o 'L
r rA
i iY
. o;~De~r
i , .tc.roo~to'nii.wm, Vg; D'ba-rid, 31,
ttiirl II~lnrrnword ~ i ~ n a l i n"wortls".
g
This i s the tttla the Rebre~vs
nqriprl to thin ~li'tli91r1oko f llosre, aa (1rnn-n from the opening words
nl' I l ~ rImrlk, "'l'l~rsr rhrn tl~r~vordn." 13ut "Ucat~ronomy'' means
"Sucniid Lnw". ur, "Rrq~ctittnnof the Lnn*."Compare Deuteronomy
17 : 15. fo~,l~rotc~t.4,)1.. " ~ ~ I I H ~ A . "Or, "tho drra.hnh." This is the
Suph, or to the Re13 spn.
' rift rnlk~y I h n t runn sot1111 toanrtl
"Snpii;' I r l P n i r ~ F ~ ';' t l ~ cRod sm." T,&LYVg. Eridently I , m g
tl~otaphtyntta I 1ilrn11ing"SML") hntl rallcn nwnc from G ~ p l rso
, that
i t RIIOIIZ~
rPllrl !MIII rtllplr, or .'the Rc~?sen''. In this Inttcr caw the
rrf"r1rr.n~~
wotrld be to thnt p1-t of the sea known as t h e Gulf
u!! A~pFanki.
651

DEUTERONOMY 1:8-16

558

Ar'a.bah,nXthe mountainous regionm and the k

' ::
She.phe'Iah"' and the Ne@hctJ find the sea- ;g$;
coast," the land of the Carnaan.ites,land Leb'anon,'" up to the great river,D11the river Eu-7;2:;;~~, J W
1-1
phra'tesd2"ee, I do put the land before YOU?y:J4:;:;
people. Go in and take possession of the lnnd 'F;Eg1
about which Jehovah swore to YOUR fathers, to r;p,":;i
rihnhnrn,' Isaac. and Jamb,": to give it to them ;j+=z;;:,
.ICI 0 . 1 9
and their seedd after them.'
1 t?>e l5:lS
9 "And I proceeded t o say this t o YOU at tlmt
;$;
particular time, 'I am not able by myself to tt;c Z-:U
'tEx
carry YOU,^^ l U Jehovah YOUR God has multiplied
\-ow and here YOU are today like the stwsl' of z D e 4 : m
10:22
the heavens for multitude.Qv May Jchovah2 De
U e 6::
the God of YOUR forefathers inctqcascYOU a \g;;$;f3
thousar~dtimes as many as YOU are, and may he l r h r.3
bless YOU just as he has promised YOU,
I30w :&Fj31,
can Z carry by myself the burden of YOW nnd su6,zT
the Ioacl, of YOU and YOUR qu~rrcling?~'
'Wet: '2S"15:33
Y N U 11:U
wise and discreet: and experienced me11 of YOUR
tribes that I may set them as hcads ovclr YO^,'"^^^^^^
NU 1 1 : ~ ~
At that YOU a n s v e r d me and said,'The thing
you have spoken for us to do is goocl.' " So 1
took the heads of YOUR tribes, men wise and experienced, and put them as hcads over YOU,
cllief~'~'.'
of tllo~rsandsand chiefslAof ~~unclredsEE
and chjefs of fifties and chiefs of tens and omr u e 31.28
cers-ol: YOUR tribes."
16 "And I went on to command aouR judgesc
a t that particular time, saying, 'When having + E <23:s
16::s
a hcaring' between YOUR brothers,' YOU must Ue
osx 1j.3
-.judge with righteousnw+ b e t w e n a man and y,"r7<j,

*EX:::;;

brother or his temporary mident? f l You

must
not be partial&in yudament:' You should
O l ) c Ill:lH
I
. hear the little one the same as the meat one."
ISn 1n:'l
'You must not become f1-1ght~n~d
becnu~eof a
I?, 2 1
1,Lt 21l::'l
mnn,Yfor the judgment belongs to God,n and the
no
J I I ?~ !I
case that is too hard for YOV. YOU should pre.,,:
J t l ~- 11
,sent to me and I must hear ft.IA l 8 h d I. pra'Pr2'1W
3 1 1 :?:~t, Imedecl to command: YOU at that particular time
L:l:
.,+i;
..I:u I P . ~ ~ 1 the
1 things that You should do,
19 "Then we pt113ecl nway from Ho'rreb and
went marching through all that great and fearon@
1x11r1:a4
IO:I~
inspiring wilde~ness,~
which you have seen,]by
rje ail5 il the way of the mountainous region of the Am'mGelS:lB
Nu 1 3 : ~ r'or.ites,l" just as Jehovah our God had commanded us, and we eventually came t o Ka'desh
nNu 1 3 : s bnr'ne.a." zo I now said to you, 'You have come
to the mountainous region of the Am'or-its,
rm1:7
which Jehovah our God is gilvin~to us.' See,
"ed;a
Jehovah3 your God has obancloned the land to
p ~ 1d
18
yo~l.hgGo up, take possession, just as Jehovah
the God of your forefathers has spoken to you.
Do not be afraid, nor he terrjfiednPt
txQ1i!f1
J nr 1 ' 9
1'5 27:L
22 "However, all of YOY cnmc near to me and
1% -t(i:3
;;; ;!;;O said, 90let us send men nhead of us that they
~ [ c l:{:o
l ~ may search out the land for us and bring us
c n o l Q . J ' I J A C ~1w1-d concerning the way') by which we
should go up and the cities to ~vhichwe will
m u
come.'a " Well, the thing proved to be goad in
my eyes, so that I took twelve lncn of YOURS,
~ ~ u one
l ~ for: ezch
~
bibe.v ?1 Tllen they turned and
WNU33:17 went up into the mauntaino~rsregion5$nnd got
rMu 1324 I as far as the torrent valley of Esla'col~and went
I his

su."5:15

,,,:,

T;:;:;:

~ ~ ~ : ~ : ~

nl., ''tllo

i l ~ f i ~ rl>lai11~.''
t
1) Or, "the lot~lnnrle." a Or, '*the sanfh";
t t111,t i ~ t, 1 1 ~ROII~IICPH part a f ~ n c i r r ~l-'nl~~ntiric.
t
d Or, "'ofipdng,'"
a

~ " O ~ I ~ L ~ P 31,
H , ' '~(8.rI'ra'. " ~ n v i ~ n
i g] l ~ l l l ' ~ l l # , ' '7'hiti vrrh in the Hebrew is ill t h e i l ~ f i l l i t i ~abeulutr,
e
und hc~lcai a indefinite aR to time.

mUtrcnlly, "not rliseern facw"; thnt is, not ~ I O W favnlitiq~u.

"YI)~I!' Y L I tlaw
~ RIoses througIlout I > ~ ~ I I ~ C ~ ~ I IRJI~PLs
~ C I I U~~S U I Utllc
~ i n ~ u l i "you"
ir
in the hdiridnnl o r collcrbivc H t l l H t trl the p l u ~ ~ t ~
"rou", anrl vicc vcrsn, repented/y.

DEUTERONOMY 1:25-36

560

561

exploring it, ?"d

they proceeded to take some z% :$jg
of the fruitage of the land in their hand and t o: ; ;0 +;j
bring it down to us, and they came bringing us IIR 1oe:a.t
back word and saying: 'The land that Jehovah '%&$
our God is giving us js good." But YOU did not
wish to go up and 'YOU began t o behave rebel- 'g;,l?;?+$
liously' against the ordw of Jehovah: Y O L ? ,;;<;;?
Goda 2 3 And sou kept grumbling in YOUR tentso
;
and saying: 'IS was because Jehovah hat&' us .tt7- 2 <I
that he brought us out of the land of EgyptEt o '%$ I!.;:,\
give us into the hand of t h e Am'or.ites,' to anni- ,f?;q&
hilate us. '"There are sve going up? Our broth-,:!A
':
ers have caused our heart to melt," saying: "'A1 ,f$liTl
n?:i
people greater and taller than we are,' cities'
ii~l*:S
I 1:14
great and fortified t o the heavensr' and also the ~ ~ 141:12
1 9
1!411 17:45
sans of the An'a.kimL v7esaw there," '
2t.Ik 14:lI
29 "So I said t o you, 'You must not suffer a ' ?:I':
shock or be afraid" because of them.] " Jehovah
!:j$
YOUR God is t h e one going before YOU, He will , is?< 1,':.;:27
Rghtm for you according to d l that he dfd with
:;i;,
uov in EgyptCunder YOUR own eyes," O1 and in ,;8$I,1 'N: ~32:
144
the urilderness,rwhere you saw how Jehovah N~ e.1211
your God carried youo just as a man carries his ,fi:: \:!?
son, in all the way that YOU travded until ~ovnt~;<F;;C;~?
coming t o this place.'t 32 But despite this word !r$t;z;ig
;:!I
YOU were not putting faith0 in Jehovah YOUR s r l ~
vl'u l1:ai
Go&U " who nTasgoing before vouv in the wny 1.; i s
to spy out for rorr a place for ~ o Ea
v camp," by '\?: i?;z3
f m at night for ~.ovto see by what way YOU .:\,I:; ?,j::lR
should h v e l and by a cloud' in daytime.y
NU 9.12
kc.
15
34 "All the while Jehovah' heard the voice ,&
' l:iw
of I-OLT TO& and he beearne indignant3 and 'Z r)p!r
Y ~ I r t:n35
proceeded to s!t8ear,= saying, ;' 'Kot one among 2; PI;"
1.1 sn
these men of this evil generation will see the rs11
1'5 9.;. 11
good land that I mvore to give to YOUR f a t h ~ r s C.trrs
, ~ :I:G
3 s::10
""except Caqebe the son of Je-phun'neh.' He will .xu
lCll ,1:15

":

J::

see It and to him and t o his sons I shall give

the land upon which he trod, by reason of the
""u'+24

:a

DEUTERONOMY 1:3 7 4 5

fact t l ~ a t hasfallowed
h~
J ~ h o v a h f u l l y . ~(Even
87

'gylgit: against me Jehovah got incensed on YOLTL accatlnt, saying, 'You, too, will not go in there."
c130 3: :I
J"oshua"' the son of Nun, who is standing be"Ex
Er 321.13
A : l l fore you, is the one who will go in there." IPim
? m uI I 394 h e hns made strang,' because he mill c a m Is'IJi- R ? na.:4ii? me1 to inherit it.) "QAs
for YOUR little ones d
Jon ::fi
whom YOLI said, "A spoil they will become!"'"
C::U 1 1 1
l u 1.1..11
and YOUR sons who today do not know goad or
"tsn?:15 bad? these will go jn there and to them I shall
give it and they u~illtake possession of it. 40 As
for YOU ~ O U ~ S C ~ V Ccllange
S,
your direction and
pull away for the wilderness by the way of the
@Dt?f I!4
1 Nu 1.1mL5 Red sea,'01
4 1 "At this you answered and said to me,
l~h*ui4:zfi*We have sinned against Jeh0vah.m We-we
shall go up and flght in accord with all that Jehovah our God has commanded us!' So YOU
Cfh4:z-d
girded on, each one, his weapons of tvaP and
nyu ~ 4 ycgnrded
0
it 8 s easy to jia up into the rn0untain.n
nut Jehovah said t o me, 'Say t o them: "You
must not go up and fight, because I am not in
rsu1":'L2 YOUR rnlClst,'' that sou may not be defeated belore YOUR enemies." 'Cu 43 So I spoke ta YOU and
?::
YOU did not listen but began t o behave rebelliously agninst Jehovah's order and to get atl
hpnted up and you tried to go up into the momm u 14:44 tnis,. " Then the Am'or-ites who \rTeedwelling
in that mountain came out to meet YOU and
~ventchasing YOU, just as bees do, and scatterY?::!:.!~ ing YOC' in Se'irb as f a r as Hor'mah,~4 5 After
C V c " ' V h n t row returned and began to weepo before

;c;&f'!72

DEUTERONOMY I :46-2: 9

562

Jehovah, but Jehovah did not listen to YOUR

voice, neither did he give ear to v a ~4%. ~ you
kept dwelling in WdeshW many dnys, as many
did dwell there.
"Then we turned and pulled away for the
wilderness b y the way of the Red sen, just
RS Jehovah had spoken t o me,,' and we were
many days in going around Mount Se'irWnFidays

RS YOU

::;;:;

X[,C7:11

llrtl 12.17

zo:~

0r, '*thedesert plains!'

:YE$

mt;bf4;I

nally Jehovah said this to me, l> 'You have gone JIE11.18
"Dc:a
around this mountain b n g ~ n o u g h .C11anf:c
~
your direction to the n o ~ t h , And command the
people, saying, T o v are passins along by t h e
border of YOUR brothers,- the sons of E'sau, who '5,
P,?
are dwelling in Se'ir? and they vrill be nfraid *%
;
:
:
;
because of YOU* and YOU must be very cn~eful. R'u r:~*la
23:X
Do not engage in strife with them, becnus~I *AC ;. 5
173
shall not give YOITof their land st, much as the '( r:,:F 151i.B
width of the sole of the foot," because I hnve , ~ Y , ~ ! , ~ ,
given Mount Se'ir to E'sau as a holding," "hat
~ ~ ' ' L + ~ ~
food you may buy from them for rnoneyVou ml)e2:t:l!l
must e a t b n d also what waters YOU may pur- :by{Bsr;:;
rrNuqg.lg
chase from them fox money YOU m u ~ t
'For Jehovah ~ O L WGod has blmsed you i1.r
every deed of your hand." He tvell knows of L G r l a : 2
your traveling through this g r e a t rrtilclerncc;s.l l P 3 31:7
T h ~ s eforty years Jehovah your God has b c ~ n
f4:m
with you.m You have not l a c k 4 R thEng." " 'So lrlNu
Nu .%I3
we passed on away from our brothers, the sons
of E'sau, who a r e dwelling In Se'ir, from the b;sr:l;
NP '):::I
1 % 5IT.10
tvay of the Ar'a.bah,arfrom E'lathn ~ n from
d
,I,
l.,:~~
E'zi.0r-i-gc'ber,t
"Next we turned and passed on by the way
of the wjlderness of Mo'ab. "Jellovah then said
to me, 'Do not molest Mo'ab or engage jn war
wit11 thern,u because I shall not give you m y of

;y;z

Y~;~::;~

WS,,

n13e 29.5
v l l c 1:7

:j:;l"

2t'h.H:lT

,,NUZ~:.I

$,:kJ:o

his land as a holding, for to Zhc sons of Lot I

have given Ar EMR h o I d i n ~ . ~ (The E'mimvg;
and
g ~ g ydwelt in it in former limps, a people great
wGe 11.5 numerous and tall like the An'a.1tim.y
As
for
yNu 1221
the Reph3aPirn,"they also were considered like
De9:2_
XGC
r;c 1j.m
14 J
the Anla.kim, and the Mo'abites used t o call
them EJrnim.a And the Hor'itesbdwelt in Se'ir
J","sT,li,
i n f o m e r t i m e s m d t h ~ s o n of
s E'sauproceeded
dg;;;:&
lch 1 3 9 to dispossess them nnrl to annihilate them from
before them and t o d\17cllin their plnce, just the
same as Israel must do to the land that is his
holding, whiclz Jehovah will certainly give to
- At this time rise and make \-OUR way
-%g ! them.)
across the torrent valley of Ze'ld,' Accordingly
sxum12 we \vent massing the torrent valley of Ze'red.'
And the days that we tr~veledfrom Ka'deshbartne.a'
until we crossed the torrent valley of
:3=2G
De 1:as
Ze'red were thirty-elght years, un211 all the
generation of the men oC war hnd came to their
end from the midst 01 the cnmp, just as Jehovah
*?,
";$?: had sworn to them." InAnd the hand" of JehoDe 1.5 vah also proved to he upon them t.o disquiet
Ps 95.U
EZC k:15 them out of the midst of the camp until they
came to their end,
J
F title
T En
~:ls
=ig2:s
16 "And it came a b u t that as soon as all the
men of war had finished dying o f f from the
zs:@ midst of the peoplcLU7J c h a v ~ hspoke further
to me, saying, I . 'You are pawing tarlay by the
12territory2 of Mo'ab, thrlt is, Ar;. "' and you must
get close In front of the sons of Am'rnonnoDo
:d
F
n
$
:
:
,
NU z 1 . z not molest them or engage i n strlfe with them,
Iss. 15:l
a c , ~1 ~ 3 sbecause I shall not give yau any of the land of
Do 2:s
J% 11:13 the sons of Am'rnon as a Iiolding, for it is to the
~ C1 m
R5 :, ~~o~
sons of Lot that I have given it. ~s a h01ding.~
De 3 2 1
? O A F , the land of the Reph'a.Im' It, also, used to be
,.os

"

rE

~ O

Or, .'frightful a r c a t a m n

565

considered. (The RephOa.imdwelt In it in former times, and the Am'rnon-ites u d lo call

them Zam.~um'mim.~ They were R great and

14:s

numerous and tau people like the An'n.kim,' .!;32;2

and Jehovah went &hiIatinge them from he- mF;;;::52
fore them that they might dispossess*them and *JK 1 1 : ~
drvell in their place, PZ just the same ns he did
36:s
for the sans of E'sau, who are dwelling in Se'irIc
when he annihilated the Hor'iZcsh from before
:,$$o
them, that they might dispossess them and ?;;2:,;:,
d1r~eI1in their place until this day. ' U s ior the
A~%irn,~
who were dwelling in settlements ns 'JQ$
far as Gab; the Caphlto.rirnF who came out ':!j$2&
from Caph'tor,' annihilated them, that they ,T;;l,';,f4
1 .i**r
hi: t
might dwell in their place.)
111n <1:7
24 '"Gm up, pull anray and cross the torrent -A<.
2213
valIey of Mnon."' See, 3: have given into yourl 3nI?
:1: 16
lrsu 21.13
hand Si'hon the king of Wesh%bon,' the Am'or- *-Tusv:JO
ite. So start t o take possession of his land, and
engage in war with him. " This day I shall start
t o put the dreado of you and the fear of you "Da11:Z3
Before t h e peoples beneath all the heavens, who
will hear the reportz about you, and they will ~ ~ ~ ~ l $ ? j l ,
indeed be agitated and have pains like those of ;;GI;;;
childbirth because of
1 ,J;)sl'Q.,yi
1 I
.?.q
26 "Then I sent messengerss from the wilder- ?.r,,s I,.!;
ness ofKed'e.mothAto Si'hon: the king of Hesh'- I ":;A:'
iq
bon with words of peace,="saying, "''Let mer ::!:;:!:!;
pass through your land by the road. By the -ut.s(l:ll
randa I shall traveI. I shall not turn t o thc right
or to the left." 28?Vhatfood you mill sell me lor$:$;'
money I must eat and what water you will give
me for money I must drink.W~nlyIct me pass 'NU
illrough on my feet, 2g just the same as the sons
of E'sau dwelling in Se'ir' and the MoJnb.ites' r2g:::,'5
Y

(rllaad,'j 3iLX9Sam; "pahlio wny," Vg.

DEUTERONOMY 2 :3 0 . 3 : 2

dwelling in Ar did to me,until I shall pass over

the- Jordan' into the 1nnd that Jehovah3 our
God is giving to us.'' "' And Si'hon the king of
Hesh'bon did not w a n t to huve us pass through
him, because Jchovall your God had let his
C D e 3 4 : h p i r i t o become obstinateAand his heart become
LSU 21:n
hard In order to give hlm into your hand just
at this rlay.0
Q,",U::;y as31
"At this Jehovah said to me, 'See, T have
started to abnndon Si'hon and his land t o you.
*"uB:33
Start to take possession of his land," When
Jg 11:22
Si'hon came on out, he and all his people, t o
* - ' . ' U ~ ; meet
~
us in battle at Ja'haz," 5 3 tlaa~Jehovah our
J Z 11:m
9 : ~,God abandoned him to U$ and we defeated him*
Ps 133:ll
PS 1 3 6 : ~
.andhis sons" and all his people. " And we went
G G c f +:?a
t
time
EY 2331 capturing all his cities at t h ~ particular
y:s%;:44 and devoting every city to destruction," men
and rvomen and little children. Ure left no sur,$,:
vivor.
Only the dommtlc animals did we take
J",",y;&
#LC n:za as plunder for ourselves, together wit11 the spoil
Nu 21:2
of the cities that we had captured.' "From
De7.2
Jns 31:14
A-ro'er," which is by the bank of ihe torrent
*XI, 3 l : g
s in the tor~
,
"
SvalIey
~
~ of
~ Ar'non, and the city that I
;m 4 : ~ rent valley, as f a r RS GiIfe.ad,' there proved to
be no town that was toe inaccessible for us."
dos 13.9
4 ~ ~ 1 : Jehovah
5
our God abandoned them all t a us.
P S 44:3
:'Only you dfd not go near ttte lnnd of the sons
of Am'mon,Vhe whale side of t h e torrent val(,D,e:!;f5
*~t.32:2.2 ley of Jabtbak,*nor the cities of t h e mountainJos 12.2
ous region, nor anything about which Jehovah
*Nu 2133
our God had given command.
~e 29.7
Jos 9:10
"Then we turned and went up by the way of
~ e 9 3
CDe 7 : s
Ba'shan. At this Ogmthe king9 of Ba'shan
=me on out, he and all his people, t o meet us
'esE& in battle at Ed'm-i.' ' S o Jehovah s ~ i dto me,
cb4:2f
= De 3:3
=De 5:16
De D:6
Jm 1:s

SO US,^' 31 (margin), LXX$nn~Spl',n.

DEUTERONOMY 3 :3-11

567

566

DEUTERONOMY 3 :12-13

of the Rephta.im." Look! his bier was a bier of

Is it not in Rab'bahc of the sons of Am'E!$Jer
a4;$PZ,4 9 2 ironnnw
mon?
Nine
cubits is its length and four cubits
Am 1:14
A A ~ L2:9
its width by the! cubit of a manP And we took
og:$!j:,34 possession of this land a t that particdar t h e ,
was dl\-elling in Hesh'bon.' Accordingly Jehofrom A.m'er,c which is by the torrent valley of
&
?;:$;
vah3 our G o d gave into our hand aIso Og the 3ne a:?
ZKLlb:m Ar'non, andb half of the mountainous region of
+Nu 3 2 3
king of Ea%shanand all his people, mid me kept
mGe 31:zi GiI'e,ad, and its cities I have given to the Reurstriking him until he had no survivor remainbemites and the GadTites.' l8 And t h e rest of Gilting." & And we went capturing all his cities at 37~2::"1;
e.ade and all Ba'shan* of t h e realm of Og I have
ir&$31
s
that particular time. There proved to be no ~ o 13:3C8
given to the half tribe of Ma.nas'~eh.~
All t h e
town that we did not take from them, ~ i x t 3Z:33
y ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ 5.23
h
region
of
Afgobu
of
nll
Ba'shan,
is
it
not
mlled
UlICI 4:13
cities," a11 t h e region of A r ' g ~ b ,the
~ realm of 4A;l&i3
''Ge i5:zo the land of the Reph'adm?'
Og in Bafshan.+ A11 these were cities fortified* e;;t:z%
14 "Ja'irl the son of Ma.nas'seh t o o k all the
with a high wall," doors and bar, aside from ~ D C Z S : ~ ~
n D c l l : a region of Ar'gobm as far as the boundary of
very many rural towns. However, we devoted
Gesh'ur-itesn and the k4a.ac'a.t bites," and
"''Jcs1z.s
8; izlVthe
them to destruction,^ just as we had done t o *$712
he
proceeded
to call those viIlages of Ba'shanc
2sa. an,34
Si'hon t h e king of Hesh'bon, in devoting every J O S I I : ~ ~
SKU 32:.tI
by
his
own
name,
Havrvoth-ja'ir,dBto this day.
city to destruction, men, women and little chil1Ge 5 0 : Z
And
t
o
Ma'chirt
I
have given Gilte.ad." lG And
K U 26:29
dren.# %d all the domestic animals and the *:;.jig&
Jos 17:'
to
the
Reu'ben.itesv
and the Gad'itesw I have
uvu
32
i9
spoil of the cities we took as plunder for ourgiven from Gil'e-ad to the torrent valley of A?*De 2 3 5
selves.'
Jos 8:27
0"e4:+18
n ~ n the
, ~ middle of the torrent valley being a
8 "And we proceeded t o take at that particuboundary,
and a s far as Jabrbok,Y the torrent
y,G;
lar time the land from the hand of t h e two 3Nu32:33
Jos12z
valley that is t h e boundary of the sons of Am'kings of the Am'or.itesn who were in the region
23:3
:,";,"
rnon;O and the Ar'a.bahez and the Jordan and
z n e 1:7
of the Jordan, from the torrent valley of As'- > J O S L I : ~
ogu 34:fl the border, from Chin'ne-rethn to the sea of the
Ps S9:12
non" as far as Mount Her'man;O * (the Si.do'ni- ps 1333
Arta.bah, t h e SaIt searAat t h e base of the slopes
*g;\$:3,,
ans used to call HerPmonSi'ri.onaband the Am'- .gi 6:4i
Jos 12:s of Pis'gah0 toward the sunrising.
IDe
20:17
ONa
2
3
3
4
or.itesc used to call it Se'nir,nm) lo all the cities
18 "So I commanded YQW men at that pard
of the tableland and all Gil'e.ado and all Ba" -g gji
ticular
time, saying, 'Jehovah YOUR God has
shanOas far as Sal'e.cahnand Ed're.i," the cities
given YOU this land t o take possession of it.
of the s e a h of Og in BafsRan, l1 For only Og "JOS
JOS 12:"
13:ll
You will pass over, equipped, before YOUR broththe king of Ba'shan remained of what w a s left "yo",:$:%.

'Do not be afraid of him," for I shall certainly $:$:"

give him and all his people and his land into zch z0:r.i
your hand, and you must do t o him just as you
did t o Si'hon" the king of the Am'or.ites, who '$;$g

"Ge14:5

$hz:$fz

s.'&2z

arrSi'ri.on , , Se'nir." Both these aaruea appear in the Ugaritic

texts found at Raa Ghantra ill northe~m Syria and in the ddooume~its f ~ o z u the T~u.kishvillage Boghnzkev'i, the exactness of
these Bible details thus being confirmed by iirchaeological diamvq.

u ~ basalt;' the Arabs still calling basalt

Or, "rt s n l ~ ~ o p h ~ofg Mack
bg the nume of iron. b 'LAnd,l'MLXXfiy; <'as far as," Tg, 0 Literally, "call them, (that is to sag) Ba'shan?' d Meaning "The tent villngea of Jn'ir>', e Or, "the desert plains."

DEUTERONOMY 3 : 19-26

568

l\y2?;l,a

Da 1:37

Ua 31 1

3 . h 1.1'12
5 ' ~F !(>

21 "And I commanded3 JoshuaY at that particular time, saying, Your eyes are seeing all a a e 1 1 : ~
that Jehovah YOUR God has done t o these hvo C,: E$22
kings. The same way Jehovah will do to all the y,Tyl,:.:;fR
kingdomsc t o which you are passing over there.' $; :,;;;:
2 T ~men
u must not be afraid of them, for Jeho- 1.q a.1:3
1 2 11
vah YOUR God is the One fighting for You.'D +[,'x
::srr_;:22
I!)
R
23 "And I proceeded t o implore favor from I ~ ~o.:c
Jehovah a t that particular time, saylng, '0 "'
Thll '"'"
,IO:I~
I I1:U
- ,lern:zrj
Lord J e h ~ v a h , "you
~ yourself have started t o LIUV
make your servant see your-greatnese and your
strong
for who is a $oddg in the heavens " f 1 e . i : ~
or on the earth0 that does deeds like yours and 3nr:3:84
mighty performances like yours?" z3Let me
3!8
pass over, please, and see the good landWthat Is 2 :(T2
across the Jordan, this g o d mountainous re- :F$iLy:6
gim* and Zebanon.'l '"And Jehovah continued
lj'i;
=l)c 33.3

11:

a?;::

Literally, "the mns of abilit;~(of good rsec).''

" G i v i t g tl~cm:'
MS~IIIL.LIT~,S~J-;
"giving or," 53 llebreir mnnu~criptan~atltlbc

S r r ~ r i ncodes of the l?ent.;~tc~~ch,

~rhirhEmpc~vrSCVPI'I~S( ~ ~ b o u t
A.D. "20) handed over to the Serrisll cotuniu~hitynt Ra~nennd 32
of tltc rendiugs of n-hi& have bcpn preserved in the XIt~cornh.SPP
Snruher, 33 : 3, idohlotea. "Lord Jeltar-nh." A.do-ttn!,' Yr.ltcr.tcilr',
illfirnu; pee G c n ~ s i15
s : 3, fmtl>nteseand 5 ;%csrd God," L-SXYgSg.
.'l;ad.'TEI, 31Eam; the-us', LSX; De?na, Tg.

DEUTERONOMY 3: 27-4: 6

to be fiarlousn against me on YOUR accountm and

did not listen to me, but Jehovah said t o me,
I
'That is enough of you!Never speak t o me further an this matter. " Go up to the top of Pisrgnhr and raise your eyes t o the west and north
;:r !:?
RGC I J : ~ S and south and east and see with your eyes,s
Ilc 3 E 3
~ U 31..i
C
lor you will not pass over this J0rdan.f '%And
u N u n : 1 9 c o m i s s i o n ~Joshua and encourage him and
Dc I::%
strengtl~enhim, because he is the one to pass
over before this pcople and he is the one te
cause them to inherjt t h e Band that you will
~ J Q 1:a
S
see.''v
AH this while we were dwelling in the
Jos 3:7

el%, the sons of Israel, all the valiant men.6' +r;',"I13&y

lD
Only YOUR wiveso and YOUR little ones and ,g;;f:;\
YOUR livestock (I w d know t h a t YOU have a
great deal of livestock) wilI continue dtvelling
in YOVR cities that I have given sow: m ti1 :jg$;;!
Jehovah gives YOUR brothers r&, as well as jz: $;;
YOU, and they also have taken possession of t hc =xbb
?:18
land that Jehovah YO^ God is giving themh >!?l'rli2t
across the Jordan, after IT-hi
ch I.OU must come pi f1"!ji;'
back, each one to his holding that I have gfven P:,P,2;j;,,
YOU.'*

569

valley in front of Beth-pe'0r.Y

"And new, 0 Israel, listen t o the regula- tions nnd the judicial decisionsEthat I am
teachinp you to do, in order that POW may
5:33
liw"
m1d may indeed go in and take possession
=LC I S m . %
no rum:
of the lnnd t h ~ Jehovah
t
the God of YOUR forefathers is giving YOU, Tow must not add to the
word that I am commanding YOU,neither must
YOU take nmay from it, so as to keep the cornmandmclnts of Jellovaho YOUR God that 1 am
zg!;?J,
Jos 1.7
commanding you.'
I'r R0:O
~:u 2519
3 "YOURown eyes Rre the ones that saw what
EC'U 2.7 7
kll ;ialia Jehovnh did in the case! of the Ba'al of Pe'orSbb
t
man who ~ ~ a l l after
r d the Ba'al of
:{gl?i:i< t h ~ every
Pe'o~
the
one
whom
Jehovah3
y o ~ wGod
dj;;:;;?
*Nu%7:!)
a n n i h f l ~ t dfrom your midst.' 'But You who
'Et::ip are c l e ~ v i n gto~ Jehovah YOUR God are dl of
urn alive today. See, I have taught YOU regu.IUS
, ,,?,?
22'5
md judicial decisions,' just as Jehovaho
yp:r .;,l a ? ~ ifi. lations'
my
God
has carnmanded me, for YOU t o do that
;<\I 'tPlfl
U P I
: rmy in tIre midst of the land to which YOU are
Lr ?.>.! 5
xu !.$ going to take possession of it. a And TQU must
I)r
,,,. I, I keep and de 81em, because this is wixIorn3 on
YXUI23:3
K\l 49

I )P
if;
L7c 3 1 r,
a ~ ar;.is
u
41

Ur, ''Jcbovnb bef~tllefurious."

-

Or, "of Ba'al-pe'or."

voua part' and understandhg on YOUR part be- *g:r;a

fore the eyes of the peoples who will hear of all ;;,;;;:la

hearing, but no form*were YOU seeing-nothing

but a voicei3 'Wcl he proceeded to state to YOU
these regulations, and they will ccrtainly say,
his co~enant,~'
which he conlmandd YOU to
'This great nation0 is undoubtedly a wise and ;g,7jhtM
perform-t
h
e
Ten
Words,nl after which he
understanding people." ?:For what great na- I K I I ~ : G
wrotep
them
upon
two tabletso of 5tone.m '%d
tionAis there that has godsa near to It thc wny ?C$.5:
it nras I whom Jehovaho commanded at that
JchovaW5 our God is in a11 ocv calling upon
particular
time to tenc11 YOU remlati~nsand
him?O * A n d what great nation is there that I~as 2 s f i T : : a
judicial
decisions
far YOU to do them in the land
righteousc' regulations and judicial decisions 7j.?:
t o which YOU are passing over to take possesljke aLI this law that I am putting bcforc YOU ;r,:!
nPa 1C5:44 sion of it.n
I I C I I; 1:s
today?*
I ~ t 55.6
t
15 "And YOU must take good care of YOUR
9 "On1y watch out for yourself and take
rf os 23:11 souls,rbecame YOU did not see any farma on t h e
"
,
;
;
;
!
;
;
:
;9
Pr
4
2
3
care of your soul,bm that you may not forget ?~sn3rl."
ED^ 4:n day of Jehovah's s p e ~ k i n g
t o YOU In Ho'reh out
the things that your eyes have seen- and that
of the middle of the Are, that you may not act
they may not depart from your heart nll thcA, ; : .
tEx 32:7 ruinouslyt and do not make for yourselves a
days of your life," and you must make them "I;;
tq;:i9
GDe 5:8
carved irnagejOthe form of any symbol, the
known to your sons and to your gmndsons,c' ;!;;;Iq
OJos M:a8 representationn of male or lemnle,ll
the repuEx
m:r,
lU
the day that you stood before Jehovah your ;L;:;~
Ps IF6 119 resentation or any beast that is in the earth, the
Ac 1 1 ~ 2 9
God la Ho'reb," when Jehovah sald to me,'As- ~ I J P5 : ' ~
OD@14:11 representation of any winged bird3 that Ales in
semb1ee the people together t o inc that I may
vRa 1:23 the heaven^,^ la
the representntion of anything
let them hear my words,= that they may lenrn
W e 28:4
creephg on the pound,o the representation of
to fenid me all the days that they are alive o n ~;~:~E.,
ClKl4:33 any fish3 that is i n the writers under the earth;
the soil and that they may teach their sons;.' 2,:;;7&1j?$y7
l%d that you may not raise your eyes to the
qDe 11:x heavens and index1 see the sun't nnd the moono
11 "So 1-ow people came near and stood at the 32jAE:>,
- De lT:3
C D P 24!6
base of the mountain, and the mountafn was I," ":""
and the stars,n nIl the army' of the heavens,
?:&?I;
and certainly get seduced and bow dotvn to
burning with fire up to midheaven, there was
Job 31:26
Jcr 8:2
them and serve?)them, which Jehovah your God
darkness,- cloud and thick gloom.a2 ?d Jeho- :E z;:9;
Jer 19:13
Eze E:16 has apportioned t o a11 the peoples under the
vah began t o speak to YOU out of the middle of
Zep 1:s
whole
Pu But you are the ones JehoAc
7:s
the fire. The sound of words was what You were
y l K l 8:51 vah took that he might brlng YOU out of the
Jer ll,&
GDe 8 : 9
" "God$," MSaiu, el.o.hirn', with the following edjcctlvc "nen~,"in the
irono furnace,Y out of Egypt, to become a people
r E x lo:5
pl~lrnln u m b e ~ Tg,
~ ; cle'i ("gode") ;I l ~Lt X S ,tlar.utl' I I I P ~ ~111g
I I "tiud",
Ps 33:D of private ownershipc to 11lm as a t this day.z
OF, "n. god.'' followed b~ a pinmli~r adjective.
"Honl." bISain,
IPe 2:9
21 "And Jehovah got incensed at me on YOUR
*Nu 20:a
ncpktcab; L,GT. psy.e7sl'; Vg,a'ni.~iarr. e Ljternlly, "your aol~e!sonu."
Dc 1.35
account," so that he swore that I: should not
fl LXX lid&: "in the day of fhc nmeull>ly [r,l:.klr.asru, firctb!:] "
Dc 3-26
HEZIHusing the m d eX..EEe.sira for f LIP iirst t irrhc. 'q 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ r n l ~ l ~ >
a Or, "the Decalogue." b Or, fln*oraI~ip."0 Or, "people of inbmitL,X& Ef;.kle.si.a'z&qt. fLiterally, "up to thc hen* of the I~eaveae."
.fcr s

-Nu 1218
De 4 2 5

h a 40:m
@Ex 30:22
G n c 29:s
'Ex 195
De 5:2
pDe G:9
-De 9:22
De 10:s
JKvEl:28
Do 10:Q
mEx 21:lZ
DC D:0
De lE;Z

ft'f{i.<?

nnce."

DEUTERONOMY 4: 2 2 - 4 9

572

cross the Jordan3 or go into the good land that ohQ:l

Jehovah your God is giving you as an inheritance." 21ForI am dying in thJs land." I am not :E$!!
crossing the Jordan, but YOU me crossing, and
rou must take possession of this good land.
Watch out for yourselves that YOU may not,
forget the covenant of Jehovah aocn God that
he concluded with YOU' and that YOU do not aDa4:Q
make for yourselves a carved image, the form ~ D 4:16
c
of anything about which Jehovah yaur God has 'E: u!!iL7
commanded you." 2 4 For Jehovah your Gad is :!:,f$:&
a consuming fire,* a God" exacting exclusive o ~ c ~ :

~ l

devotion.I:U m
31:14
5
25 "In ease youb should become father to k;
sons and grandsons and row have rcsidcd a long
time in the land and do act ruinouslf and do f'?E&,
make n carved image; a form of anything," and
h;;;l
do commit evil" in the eyes of J e l ~ o v ~your
l~ $
;
:
?
:
God so as to offend him, I do t ~ k eaa wit- s r . l ~ : ~ i : ~ ~
nesaes against You today the heavens and the 'i:,$t:';;i
earth,' t h a t YOU will positively perish in a hurry k';;e'&33
from o f f the land to which YOU are crossing the 1
;
Jordan t o take ~ O S S S S ~ O I Iof it. You will not I;:;;:!;ls
lengthen YOLX daysQn it, because POW will OS,;I: 10:13
positively be annihilated," ?:And Jehovah will 'DC7:d
certainly scattermYOU among the peoples and nDe maz
you will indeed be let remrrin fewn in number ,g$=ia
among the nations to which Jehovah will drive ;gi:;4h:
you away. 8%d there YOU will have t o server :3$p5?; "2
g o d ~ , ~the
p pmduct of the hands of m a n y owood,:';i:,l;j:
~nc?stoners which cannot see or hear r>r eat or I*;1% Ila:a
1:1.7:16
91%

smel1.t
29 "If YOU do look for Jehovah your God
from there,u then you will certainly find

I~~~~
.I.I;~I

''k~~~??!

v;,!Xh5ecb

C+od." NSam, El; L X X . T1te.d; Vr. Dr'tl,p, b crY~pl''(singsInr \ , l I L X 1 ; "ror" (plum1), FnlrItSyl'g. = Or, "~r.o~ship."
a

because you will inquire for him with all your

wb30:2
IKI 8 : ~ s heart and with all your souI." ""IYhenyou are
x h W : I P in sore straits and all these lvorc3s have found
YOU out at the close of the days,=then you will
= ~ t3o:11?
=E=e21:=
:
Jfir4:I
have to return to Jehovah your Goda and to
CJer i:13
Z e c 6 : 1 5 .listen t o his voice.A " For Jehovah yaur God is
rh'x34~
He will not desert you or
Gh
~ a . 9 a merciful
Y e 9:31
,,,, bring you t o m3n or forget the covenant* of
your forefathers that he swore to them.
32 "Notv ask, please, concerning the former
+
days'
$:?iBthat occurred before you, from the day
cpg FD 12 that Cod created* manv1
on the earth* and from
"lob S.5
PS &:I
one end of the heavens dcar to the other end of
sCe 2:
the heavens, Was any great thing brought about
this or was anything heard like it?' 53 Was
*ya2:Flike
any other people heard 1 he voice of Godc speaking out of the middle of the fire the tvay you
1 Ex 1*18
Ex20:18 yourself have h e a ~ dit, and kept on living?l
D C 4:12
J d Or did God attempt t o come t o take a nation
n ~ n ~9
e
De 23:3
to himself out of the midst cl another nation
llEK'i:3
-De 26:8
with p r o ~ i n g swith
, ~ signsIi ~ n with
d wonders0
rEx 15:3
and with warE1' and with m strong handg and
zEE
;le 8.21
with an outstretched armt and with great awe-p, s.6
t Lu 6:6
somenessLalike all Ehnt Jehovah YOUR Cod has
u De 26:s
done for YOU in Egypt beforr your eyes?
,.,
3s YOU-you
have been shown so as to knew that
,j",P,%z
v?TCi 15137
JehovahC
i
s
the
God;dV there Is no other besides
,, ,:,,
\v13a;T2
Out
of
the heavens he made you hear
;hirn.w
Nr L
"
j

Tha.n~';'1'~)
Dn'u~,b "3lan." 31, a.da+n'.
rundj fiad hy tha pni<iciple "speflkinf,
in the singu!atb namhrr: Vg, f l r \ a ~ ; LXIsnrn, *(theliving Uo11.~'
"The God." 3113an1, bn.EE.a,liie~',
with the rlcllnitc! nrticle hn, doubtlpss for elnpl~nrisn t ~ r l not i~~nrsly
tn wll11~~11t
r I i : l . ~ . l i i ~ ) ifrom
'
f he
innstuline ve~mi,nl pmnaun Irrr. SPP nl4n I liings 15: 3!l. The nrticle
Tirr does not occnr xt Drutrronutuy 10 : 17, Zl a t ~ d Joshua 2 : 11,
where E6o.bim' Lollows t t l ~vcrllnl prorioull k t ~ .
a hiGod.'' IISnt>r,El; LS,..,
a "God." X, El.o.77 r M
', hut

DEUTERONOMY 4 :3 7 4 4

574

his voice so as to correct you, and upon the

earth he made you see his meat fire, and his
words you heard from the middle of the f i r e . y Y E k fo:1n
37 "And y e t you continue t o live, becatisen
he lovecP your forefathers2 so that he chose ;Ey&
their s e d after themb' and brought you out of EL'S I I I J : ~
Egypt in his sight with his great po~vcr: to
1.:.212
1.~14
drive away nations greater and mightier than
you from before you, so as to bring you In, to
give you their land as an inheritance as at this J:s!j:!,
day.a And you weU h o w today and you must
p;'2:&
call back to your hearrtc that Jehovah Is thc .
;r:rr ~ 1 . 1 1
Godd in the heavens above and on the earth be- f!i1\:?2
neath.' There is no other. And you must keep &!
his regulations3 and his commandments" that I . l j ' ' ' : : L
am commanding you today, that it may go well
with you" and your sons after you and in order 'kgl:;
that you may lengthen your days on the soil that Evh ~ : 3
Jehovah your God is giving you," al~vays~" *EX n o : u
41 A t that time Moses proceeded to set apart q q m:81
~
three cities on the side of the Jordan toward the
rising of the sun,' " for the manslayerb t o flee rUn 1c:n
there who slays his fellow3 without knowingD P
it,] while he was not hating him formerly: and E
$:; g:.:?J''9,23
he must flee to one of these cities and live,In 1ntNu
namely, Ee'zern in the wiIderness on the tabIe- '?'~Y:?;'j!c
land for t h e Reu'bemites and Ra'rnoth" in Gil'e- ''$$ :je:'
ad far t h e Gad'ites and Go'Ian5 in Ba'shan7 for q:C%P;2!p.,
.dv

klS

7.t'

E:;Tjirl

the 3Ta.nas'sites.
44 Now this is the law that lMoses set before

'&Andpet

I < : ~ I4; i l

SOU wntinae to h e . hecnnw." This i 8 pralx~blytllc m y

the Hrhrem embination of wards here lsrficn'Jt/~o!b i i ) alinl~ldt ~ e
~md,to n v e e m-itli verse 33 nnd 5 : 56. It ormr.c j l t ~ tant-P i l l 2110
Hrlbrew text, Othcmwise it ~honldsinrply he rrzld : " ~ \ i i d~ P ~ ~ I I I R F ttfl
."
t-ntnparesit h LISS-gSy. "Their swll after them," 1,SSZSarnSyVg ;
"lli+ serd after him.'' 31. c Or, "trlust r e c ~ l lt r r your 111intE.""TIM
God." MSnln, ha-El.o.kim'; see rewe 35, f ' o ~ t n o t ~ ~ ,

the sons of Israel. These are the testirnoniesa't

~ n the
d regulationsk1and the judicial decjsionsr
L
L P 34,.IG that Moses spoke t o the sans of Israel on their
NU :vo.l&
corning out of Egypt, *n in t h e region of the
T . I
Jordan in the valley in fmnt of Beth-pefor,W in
,
xu,,.
..?#:?3
, the land of Si'hon the king of the Arn'or-ites,Y
I J fi:1
~
who was dnrdling jn H e ~ h ' b o n ,whom
~
Nioses
M r x 3:m
ne 3
and
the
sons
of
Israel
defeated
on
their
coming
J c r f i ?,'l.m
of Egypt.: +: And they went taking posses~ r l, ., . ~,out
~
sion of his land and of t h e Iand of Og'. the Iring
:$..YU
: $:::!!
ar::J< of Ba'shan, the two kings of the Mor.ites who
1
pnp m:7 were in the region of the Jordan tozvmd the rlsi n g o f t h e s u n ; 'Hf~omA.ro'er,*whichisonthe
12:1
bank of the torrent valley of Ar'non,' up to
flm13c
3 I!
."*11:3
Mount
S l ' ~ n that
, ~ is to say, Her'mon,@'"and
I ~ IR'r.12
(
11s I:U:X
211 the Ar'ambt\hC"
In the region of t h e Jordan
c-:1 4.n
toward the enst, and as far as the sea of the
I
at the base af the slopes of Pis'gah." ,
1;:; Ar'~,bahq!~'
* t :r 1 1.3
Nu fl.l,la
And Moses proceeded to call all Israel and
nr :{:I7
to say t o them: "Hear, 0 Israel, t h e regula* N ~:!3:14
L
tions ancl the judicial decisions1that I am speaking in YOZ'R ears today, and YOU must learn
"WE D:4
thcrn ancl bc careful to do them. Jehovahc our
'nca:s God concluded a covenant with us in Ho'l.eb."m
It t t ~ t snot with our forefathers that Jehovah7
kn;$!;z5
concluded this covenant, but with us, all those
n?c2*1a
F~ 107.10 of us alive here today," Face to face Jehovah
spoke 1 ~ 1 t hYOL' In the mountain out of the rnidillc of tllc fire.! I nJasstanding between JehorE
9
:
i
:
:
nc3::!0 vah and YOU at that particular time to tell YOU
the word4 of Jehovah,?# [for YOU m7em afraid
aKv :!1.19
?D@".':s
]&::.I* because of the fire and did not go up into the
I'H IffG.?.?
t 3:~ I!I 14:
mountain,) "saying,

'ma:17
t I ICL 2:s

1'9 1 ltb:a
U L . I~ ~ : I

,,

.'BiPriOr, "rcmindrm ; cxborta tiojin." b "Pi'an," MY~ILLLXXII~;

Srcr I)cuto.onomy 3 : a, footnot~e. Or1'*the desert plains."'
"Wothd,"M ; "vorda," Sntul,XSSyTg.

nn,'"~.

DEUTERONOMY 5:6-14

577

576

6 " 'I am Jehovah your god,^ who brought UF;,?;~

you wt of the land of Egypt, out of the h m ~16i~;!9~ ~ l
or sIave~.O~You must never have any other IM l i : ts
-DC10:17
godso against m y face.a*b
vl'a >;:lo
8 *' Y o u must not make for yourself a cawed 7p;4\;:y63
?Y 13
image," any form112like anything t h ~ ist in the r~
2ll.dl
heavens above or that is on the earth undcr- < r1.A
PC! 4 l t i
'""
'""
math a y that is in t h e waters under the enrth.
I' You must not bow down to then1 or be led to
servec them, because 1 Jehovah your God am an+aq:ia
1:21
R Godd ex~ctingexclusive devotionlrLbringing 1113
R 1.2
'Ucm:ls
punishment for t h e iniquityz of fathers upon
A

sons]' an@ down to the great-grandsons and

meat-great-grandsonshin the case of t hosc 15-ho
hate me,*l o but exercising loving-kindness4 to- ?:!:
t)c G 5
ward tl~ousandsof those who lovebme and kcep i,:,
, x :I:!
Jcr ;:?:rs
my commandments.'
I)rt 0 . I
11 " 'You must not take upf the name of GLV ik12
Jehovah your God in a rvorthless ~ v a y , ] ~for
" 4I"'?. #,.u 2(1 -r
Jehovah will not leave anyone unpunished who :;:;;$;;:
c x w n:lrl
lakes up lzis name' in a worthless way."
12 " Keeping1 the sabbath" day to hold St: "2wd:23
sacred, just as Jehovaho your God commanded 2::
you are t o render service'n and you I.:X :~I:TS
must do all your work six daysas." But t h e *""1.18 "1:12
1.1:14
scventh day is a sabbath t o Jel~ovahyour God.;

:z8

C
1

" Or, " q d i11

~ dcfinncc of me."

b "Any forni!' 31; "nr nny lonu,"'

I,SS, S A ~Sy,
, 1-g,TJ m d 61 Hct>rpa-~unl~u~miptk,
na at TCxnrltin
20 : 4, e O r , ''w~r3lrip.:' "God." >ISam, LI; J . S X , I'Br.orr'; VK,
Ilr'rrs, *Or, "n God r h o is j e a l o n ~ (zcnlourr)." Or, "'n God not
tolrrnti~lgriralq-," Or, "children."
"And," JT; I)ut orniltcd 114.
Pam, LXX, Sy, Tg, T O J and 57 HPIIPCT
1~in11unnri11t~,
niq n t F:sorlu~
20 : 5 , h Litcmllg, "dorm %a the thirtl and I:u~u.th [gcncznttltl] ~>IIPR.''
PI.@ Gcocds 50 : 23, footnoteb. 1 Or, "loynl. lovr." J ( lr, "not pr8?~ r m n n r ~ ,or,
" "not lift up ( C ~ I T T ) . "
010," t n n f1l.l~(~1100d,"
n~ l n
PCFUC 20; or, "in rain." ~ ' K e e p i n p , "The TTcl>rrs v r s l ~hrrn is nnt
in the i r n p w ~ t i v emood, bnt iE in the inlimitire nhirolute, and 11~ncc
in not lin~itwlas to tme.
Or, ' h ~ oare
v to ~ ~ I I o P . ' '

1
I

DEUTERONOMY 5 :15-22

You must not do any work, you nor your son

nor your daughter nor your slave man nor your
sIave girl nor your ox nor your
nor any
domestic animal aF yours nor your temporary
resident who is inside lmr REL~CS,Jn order that
your slave man ant1 your slaveo girl may rest
the same as y0u.m la And you must remember
that you became a lave in the land of Egyptn
and Jehovah your God proceeded to bring you
out from tlsere with R strong hand and an out~ E13:3
K
I7e 4:W
stretched arm.' That is why Jehovah your God
PEY31.~17
1Sa 15:N command& you t o carry on the sabbath day."
5313e 13.6
16 " 'HonorDyour Tathcr and your rnother,O
tE., 20312
LC 13:s just as Jehovah your God has commanded you,
Jcr 35:m
?-it 15:4
in order that your days may prove long and it
Eph 6:Z
uEa 2023 may go well with you on the ground that Jehohr; ti 21
2 ; . 19:18 vah your God is giving you.'
1,u 1S 2il
17 " 'You must not murder,'Q
C J o h 24 14
&,Job 24:15
18 " 'Neither must youn commit adultery,*
V E X 20:1.1
? I t 5:27
19 " 'Neither must you& steal.Tv
Ro 13.9
w Ex W 1 5
20 " 'Neither must youn testify t o a falsehood
Le 18.11
J l r 10:19 against your fellow rnan.by
21 " "Neither must you desirecL your fellow
CDe 7:?3
) Es 20:16
Le 19.16 man" wife. Neither must you selfishly craveG
De 14:15
liil 21:lO your fellow man's house, his field or his sIave
?.It 2F:W
man or his slave girl, his ox or his ass or anyS"'; 2O:?;
,'os -:21
thing
that belongs to your fellow man.'z
3:tc 2:2
? :r 5:?3
22
"These
Words&Jehovah spoke to dl YOLX
LLI12.15
a"Neithei- must yon:' JIVE; "TOW
n l u ~ ttrot," LJXTSnmSy, as at
Exodus 20 : 1417. b Or, ''your cn~rlpnr~inn."L.SXvg rend : "yonr

...

~~eighllor.''In the Hebl-cw tcxt l l c t w r 17 cndn Zrcrc. a "llcaire

srliisl~ly crave.'' Trro different I lr\lnbcw vrrha rlrc u ~ e dhere as
ngninqt one I l e h r e ~vcrh R t ~ ~ O I ~ I20I :H17. rrh~
I ~ O MCatholic
~I~
h i n t Augustine depended upon tl~cuetwo dijl'crrllt rerhe at 1)entprunemy 9: 21 to nlnke ltva ron~m~~ntlnlcllts
ant of this Tenth Comriinndment, ta ~nnkeup f o r C O ! Y I ~ ~ H 1~1 1I ~I 'Hrut
~
two c u r n ~ t ~ n n ~ ~ ~ i ~
d "Words:. that is, words of conlrnt~nrl;co~nrnnndm~nts.

conmgat1on0 in the mount& out of the mfddle of the fire,' the cloudc and the thick gloom,

rkn:10

C,zT;:;::",
with a loud voice, and he added nothing, after

aggIz(heart of theirs to fear meHand to keept all my

commandments alrrrays, In order that it might

go nrell tvith them nnd their sons to time inwhich he m t e them upon two tablets'of stone fn@b:s
u D e 4.m
"'Gu say to them: "Return home to
, ,:*,6:3 definite!u
I &EX 21:12
and gave me them."
YOUR
tents."
' ' U n d you stand l~erewith mev
UR1:13
v>inl4:4
23 "And it came abut that as soon as YOU
and let me spenlt to you all the commandment
had heard the voice out of the middle of the
wDe4:45 and the regulations and the judicial decisionsw
2:s
d~rlmess,Owhile the mountain was burning with
that you sl~ouldteach them rind they must do
fire,. you proceeded t o come near to me, all the i$PF;$R
in the land that I am giving them t o take posheads of YOUR tribes and YOUR older men,'
session of it.' And you people must take care
+T,::AJ~
y
DE
m
8
1132
1
:*Then YOU said, Were Jehovah our God has
to do just as Jehovah YOURGod has commanded
zDe
J o s l1i:7m
shown us his glory2 and his greatness and we *J~*7:1@
2iou.y YOUmust not turn to the right or t o the
Pr 4 2 7
2Pe 2 :?l
have heard his mice out of the middle of the
rjne1o.12 left.z 3:' In all the way that Jchovah YOUR God
fire6This day w e haw seen #at God may s p e ~ k
has commanded YOU," you should walk in order
with man and he has kept living.' :' And now T1'L:?.i)
.IS 1 . 4 . ~ that YOU may liveCand it may be well with youA
c
r
~
e
2
1
why should we die,: for this great fire may conand YOU may indeed lengthen YOUR days in the
~ 3I?-=
ne
6:3
h
sume us?" If we are again hearing the voice of ;fHpa 12:m
land of which mu wjll take possession.
Jehovah our God any further, then we are hound
"Now these are the commandment, the
to die." :e For who is there of all flesh that h ~:
s zii!
ODe 4:l
5
'
remlations'
and the judicial decisions that
De 4:45
heard the voice of t h e livingmGOo spenking cJuRL3:10
IPn 429
m D e n : 1 9 Jehovah POUR God has cotnmnnded to teachD
out of the rniddIe of the fire as we did and yet
YOU,so a
s t o do them in the land to which YOU
goes an
"You yourself go near and
are
passing
over there to take passesgion of it,
:?;$ix3
hear all that Jehovah our God will say and you ;,r I*l:l5
+Ge 2212
EX 20.20 = in order that you may few- Jehovah your Gad
will be the one to speak to us all that Johovah f ~ , ' ~ : ! ~
~ ~ ~ j so
~ as
o ltoo keep all his statutm and his commandour God will speak to you, and rre shall cer- n'UC4:.a
ments
that 3 am cornmanrl ing you, you and your
2
:
?
;
n
EX
m
:
1
9
talnly listen and do.'"
lfi:m son and your grandson,' all the days of your
Ilcb 12:19
Ps is:;
28 "So Jehovah heard the voice of YOUR
life, and in order thnt your days may prove
words when YQV spoke to me, and Jehovah went
.De5:16
De 22.7
long: a And you must lhten, 0 Israel, and take
Pr 3:2
on t o say t o me, 'I have heard t h e voice of the
UDe 4:s
,,, 8.32 care to do," that it may go well wit11 you* and
words of this people, which they have spoken
25; !:So that YOU may lxcorne very many: just as Jehoto you, They have done well in all they have
vah" the God of your forefathers has promised
r
D
e
lkl'l
;g;fg::B
spoken,r If onlyb they would develop this
32:14 you,& as respects the landa flowjng with milkQ
lLLt~ilig.''
Bcre thia adjectiw in thr IIeZrre~following BE.oqhi?~'
4Eu k 8
and honey,'
ia in the plural number (hhapyim') find not in the. fiir~galmrnnmber
c m 2 9 : ~ 4 "Listen, 0 Israel: J ehovahQour God is one
( k l r r r ~ ~nn) , nt 2 Rings 19 ; 4,16 and laein h 37 ; 1,17, t ~ t l c tnt I l n rncl
6;30,26 (Ar.n.ma'ic}. This is the ffrst orcrlrrmcs af tliia titk "tlro
."To p u , ns respcch the land;' n1Snn1; "20 five to p n n land?
living Cfod" in Scriphe. blitemtIy, "fTlla will give 11ntl7''
r)p1):1:!

!;;t;';~~

15s 48:18

IDe U:1

1 9 : ~

LIX; "h you, thnt hc wonlrl g i ~ ejlou n Inncl," Sy.

DEUTERONOMY 6 :"15

Il

580

J e h ~ v a h . ~And
'
you must love" Jehovah0 your ;gbQ;30
God with all your hearte and all your soul" and *#;gj;,
aU your vital force.* A n d these words9 that I
am commanding you today must prove to be on nrt yi+;
22 3;
your heart,* and you must inculcate them in 'Z:", $jii'
your son1 and speak of them when you sit in *gE51%?;g
your howem and when you walk an the road"
;:I::,!
and when you lie donnr and when you get up.' I;;:: 3:
gAnd you must t i e them as a sign0 upon your Im??r
handt and they must m r e as a frontlet band :'I > ? ?+:#I@
I;.IS
between your eyes,u and you must write3them 11i2:!1'
upon t h e doorposts of
houseYand on your

z;;~

>I2

gates,

nt$i:2m
nf:u 2.1
I l'c3:13

DEUTERONOMY 6 :16-7: I
16 "You must not put Jehovah YOUR God to

581

the test,nl the may YOU put him to the test at

Mas'sah.nn P T ~should
u
by all means keep the
'bfl:n comrnnndments of Jehovah2 TOUR Godr and his
t~stimonies:* and his regulations' t h a t hc has
'fm4:'fi
EX 1;:2
20.3
comlnandcd you, k h And you must do what is
Str 21 5
11.1 95.5
right m d good in Jehovah's eyes, in order that
lI ?I,.X,"h1!1.5ir8 a:' it may go tvell with you" and you may indeed
,, .r cnter and take poss~ssionof the good land a b o ~ ~ t
wh irh Jrhoval~has s~vornto your fore fat he^,^
,
~ i p : ~ ~ . L !u
1 by pushing away all yaur enemies from before
I ''42: I0
I
.
yo~i,
just CIS Jehovah has
hc R:J1
r nc -3:l
20 "In case your son should ask you in a

nlMt4;7
I A u 4:12

II

I@

5,.33

rr,r 6.22
future day, saying, What do the t~stimonies'
10 "And it must omxu that when Jehovah *I'r
ILL21
~ n tdh e regulations and the judicial decisions
yaur God will bring you into the land that he -c:rl~
.I:G
"(y:&'
;
"Zo
T I P TI:.$
'
mean that Jehovah our God has commanded
swore to your forefathers Abraham, Isaaca and t- r.:~
I~<.U
1
/.I.;rt 3'':20
YOU?'*
ihen you must say to your son, 'We
Jacob t o give you,Y great and good-looking f:F!ili
I:y 1:1:14
"':'
r)e 2n:s
became
slaves
to Phar'aoh in Egypt,%ut Jehocities that you did not b ~ i l d , l1~ sand houses full rlNu
I5:BEl
vah proceeded to brjng us out of Egypt with a
of all good things and that you did not fill, and
*EX 18:3
strong hand.' g P So Jehavah kept putting signs
cisterns hewn out that you did not hew out, I)V i ~ : a o
, ~ and injurious, upon Egypt,
vineyardsC and olive3 trees that you did not ; ~ : ~ ~ ~ . ?13s:g and w o n d ~ c sgreat
OD0 "!2
upon Phar'aoh: and upon all his household beplant, and you shall have eaten ~ n dbecome
I
'Do 4:34
forc our CYCS," as And he brought u s aut from
satisfied," 18 watch out for yourself that you ;f;,4$1:"
ihcfe In order that he might bring rrs here to
may not f o r g e Jehovah, who brought you o u t ;.+f;;2:4
o
of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slaves.
*Ex 13:s glve us thc land about which he had sworn t
nc 1 :s
our
forefnthcrs."'
Hence
Jehovah
commanded
lvehovah your God you should fear' and him a,, $40
1:) 12
"[re 4 : IS
111e6.1
US to carry out all these rernilations,' to f e z !
you should serveb+and by his name you should
yk;4:
I\! I )c 1#1:13
Jehovah
our God for our g o d m always, that we
Jrr
a:,m
swear.* You must not walk after other gods,
y,?:!
llnc 1
might
keep
alive as at this day," ?%And
it will
m y gods of the peoples who are a11 around YOU,' &<
,
,
;!,;
mean righteo~rsness~
for us,' that we take care
(for Jehovah your God in your midst is a God . ;
to do all this comandment MoreJehovah our
exactiTlg exclusive devotion,*) for fear the ; u c ; l . t 7
T
:;,m
;
I
:
god,^ just as he has command& us.'
anger^ of Jehovah" your God may blaze against
i i!u
sJ+h 1 7 3
"IVhen Jehovah your God at East brings
.'I:I:
you* and he must annihilate you from off the ,;jL?7:t:18
t ,:C;IZ
~
you
into the land to which you are going so
surface of the ground.'
11(1 1 5 3 6
as to lake possession of it, then he must clear
a Or, "Jeho~whis o m God; Jehovah is one (or, t h m ie one Jeho* Mrnning l ' T ~ s t h Trio!".
~;
vah) ?" Or, "worship."

~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ,
,
;
?
a

.;::
gz

,,,,

:.r:y;$

;$:

I
away populaus nations from before you, the tCs
Hit'tites* and the Girfga.shites" and the AmJ- I,po:;?,::!,T,
or.ites" and the Ca'naan-itsw and the Per'iz- &t;i;;f,
z i t e s ~and the Hi'vites" and t h e Sebhsites," w;c 15.21

seven nationsLmore populous and mighty than ryxg:a3

you are/ ' And Jehovah your God will certainly
abandon them t o you and you mznt defcat -I),. 2 1 1 ~
them." You should without fail devote them t o '"'I 3k5a
d~struction.~
You must conclude no covenant mJ";g7;r
with them nor show thern any favor.' :' And '1.:.,I 0s23:32
2: 1.1
you mt form no marriage alliance with them. J K 1,211
Your daughter you must not give ta hjs son, m:g3;;s
and his daughkr you must not take for your F:,.~ n:g
son." ' For he will turn your son from follonrln~:!*. E!!'
me and they will certainly serve other gods,' :I:
and Jehovah's6 anger mill indeed blme gain st :ltl'@ I1:l7
YOU and he will certainly annihilate: you in a -De":ao
hurry.
5 "On the other hand, this is what you should
do to them: Their altarsezyou should pull do~vn:E! CjT,
and their samed pillarsA you should break AE;;P:yd
down and their sacred" polesnb You should cut
down and their graven inmges' YOU should burn .I,; s ~5
with fire.= " For you are a holy people to Jeho- :;;:f;:ft
vah your God.5 It is you Jehovah your Gcicl hns
chosen to become his people: a special property, E ; Zjf:
2.3
out of all the pwp1es that are on t h e surface of
the ground."
.ex
rbq ~:i-i:d
ITS
7 "It was not because of YOUR being the mast ;!;
populous of all the peoples that Jehavah showed
affection for you so that he choae YOU,'' for YOU d:O,;;:ip
,IRIX 5 1 3
were the least of all the people^.^ But it was -I)c
tl 5
because of Jehovah's loving YOU' and because r)o roils
of his keeping the sworn0 statement that he had ?!$?&:\:
swam to aouR forefathersj that Jehovah L;;jtiI$

fh:

Jtar

.,,,,,,:,

Or, "'their A.sheYrim?

583

DEUTERONOMY 7; 9-15

'brought YOU out with a strong hand, that he

,might redeem you from the house of slaves,
the hand of Phttfaoh the kinF of Egypt.'
?EE
g,g;: from
X 133
And you kvell know that Jehovah yam God is
the -d,am the f n i t l ~ f u l % ~ d keeping
,"'
covenant"
E'Le 26:45
LJos 2:12 and loving-kind nessco in 1he case of thaw who
*&a 4 9 5
ICO 1 5
love him and those who keep his command,%big:" ments t o a thousand generations,' " but repaying to his face the one who hates him by obliterating him,' He will not hesitate toward the
1rtnF;:8
mEx20*i one w110 hates him,!" Me will rep~lyhim to his
face, And you must kety the m~ntnandment
nDek*
and the regulatlonsn m d the judicial decisions
that I am commanding you today by doing
rm 5-32

them'r

sLe19-J7

12 "And It must occur that, because YOU continue listening to these judicial decisionsa and

30h 1455

F
uz:: YOU do keep thern and do carry them out, Jell*
Dc4
5

CDc 8 5
t ~ s . 1 0 ~ 8vahDyour
r~K c i : 2 0
LU 1:s nantt and
Lu 1:n

God must keep towrtrd you the covethe loving-ldndnessd about which he
sworeo t o your forefathersnu And he will ceroJogs:zz
r.De 7.7
,,:, tainly love youv and bless youw m d multiply
Ps
y o y ~m d bless the fruit of your ivornhp and t h e
p U e 23:3
T V E X ? ~ : ~f~ r ~ l of
t ~Your soll,~your grdn and your new
Pr 10 22
r L e 2619 \vine and your oil, the young of your COWS and
Ps 1.3
the progeny of your flock,"
the soil that be
z>e26:4
swre
to
your
forefathers
to
give
t o you." " The
r<b$ j$b
most
blessed
of
nIl
the
peoples
you
will become.P
$jEzjiz
There
will
not
prove
to
he
E
n
you
a male or a
ESsl,;:;
m e 20:s female without offspring, nor among your do*Ex U:26
De S,LI rnesticQ anfrnab.' l 3 And Jel~ovahwill certainly
Ps 1273
aEx15:28 remove fran~you every sickness, and as for all
giig: the evil diseases ofEgypt that you have known,'

Ez

"The God." XSun, hn-El.o.?sAn'; spa Dmtteronomy 4: 95, fwtnated. b " M f ' MSm, El; M X , T B P . ~ ' . Or, "lopal love." Or,

*'the loyral love."

DEUTERONOMY 7:16-24

584

585

he will not place them upon you and he wlll

indeed put them upon d
l those who hate you." '
lo And you must mnsume all the peoples whom

p ~ l ~ : ~

, , &
Jehovah your God is giving to you: Your ,eye
;ijx
must not feel sorry for them,' and you must *g
DP 25:]2
not serve their gods,' because that will be n
f*:;;,
O I S ~1 ~ 2 1
snare3 t o
m11.. 2.3.:43
17 'Tn case you should say in your heart, E;i;:;;;:pj
'These nations are too populous for me. How ac8:p.t
IOI;.RB
shall I be able t o drive them away?'# lR
you B1%
N I I 1:4:92
"""':'"
must not be afraid of
You should by all
means remember' what Jehovah your God did
$
:;
rr:l
to P h a ~ a o hand all E g y p t , u '"he
great prov- 1.s
ISR
in- that your eyes saw,Vand the Jgns and the ue:u .Il:lb
r !:I3
u~onclerswand the strong handv and the out- i<?&?,
stretched armx with which J e h ~ v a hyour God !jp,lfi:&
brought you out. That is the way Jehovah your v;!;Z;'
God will do to all the peoples before whom you y~;;\$
are afraidaB And Jehovah your God will olsa V B X I:!::,
send t h e feeling of dejection*" upon them until $,$q:{.?~
those perish who were let remainb and who
were concealing themselves from before you, *NU1 . 1 : ~
You must not suffer a shock because of them, ?$!,(;B!58
lor Jehovah your God is in your mid$+ a great $;j?,i:0,
~ D P
32.12
and fear-inspiring t31d.b"~
41 lc 10.1:
22 '"d
Jehovah your God wlll certainly
push these nations away horn before you little h.c 9 . : ~
by little.' You will not be dlowed to flnlsh them v7:B2$$'3
off quickly, for fear the wild beastsQof the Aeld 91sA17.-i6
may multiply against you. 23 And Jehovah your
God will indeed abandon them t o you and rout
them with a great rout until they are m i h C
l ~ t e d . ~And he win certainly give their Irinm'mnl.u
D, 0 ; ~
into your hand' and you must destroy thcjr

z;li;

,J,zz:;!

"The feeling of dejectionn See Exodus 23 :28, footnotea. b Qod,*'

MSarn, El; LXXJ Xl~e.os\ Tg, De'lrs.

DEUTERONOMY 7:2-:6

names from under the heavens.l Nobody will

take
a firm stand against
until you have
m b 11_:a:
30s 1:s
exterminated
them,"
The
graven
lrnages of
nJos 11:14
their gods you should burn in the fire.' You
cJdb BkaE must not desireDthe sfher and the gold2 upon
sDe 8.13
rEx 32.20 them," nor indeed take it for yourself,t for fear
D e 12:3
1Ch 14:12 you may be ensnared by it,u for it is a thing
T D e 12.31 d e t e s t ~ b l et o
~ Jehovnh your God. h d you
sIsa 30:22
130s 7:1
must
not
bring
R detestable thing into your
Jos 7:21
UJg 8 : n
house and actually become a tliing devoted to
V L P 21.28
destruction like it.' You should thoroughly
De 13r17
JOB6:17 loathe it and absolutely detest it, because it is
wLe 2i:29 something devoted to der;truction,w
"Every commandment that I am command-h g you today ~"ou
sh ~ u I dbe careful to keep,
in order that YOU may continue llving and indeed
multiply and go in and take possession of the
land
about which Jehovah swore to YOUR foreyDe 4:l
Ps I l k 4 fathers.~ And you must remember all the way
zDe 2:T
that Jehovah your God made you travel these
De 29:5
P S 136:18
Am 2:10 forty years in the wjlderness,s in order to humtZCh 3 2 2 6 ble you,O t o put you to t h e testn so as t o know
I s a 2.i7
Lu 38.14 what was in your heart,: as t o whether you
LGe 22.1
E x 1x25 would keep his commmdments or not. So he
!PX 13:3
2Ch 32:31 proceeded t o humble you and to let you go hun4 j Q s J::2
gry' and to feed you with the manna,e which
-Ex 16:2
SEX 18 1
Ps 7S:13 neither you had known nor your fathers had
1Co 10:3 kno~vn,' in order t o make you know that not
CYos 9 12
p f os 1124 by breada alone does manp liven but by wery
d De 33%
rDe IX:IS expression of Jehovah" moutha does man live."
">It 4:.!
L U 4:4
Your dothlng did not wenr out upon you, nor
did you*foot become swollen these forty years.*
5 A n d you well know 174th your own heart that
just as a man corrects his son, Jehovah0 your
I Ex 17:14
Fs 9:5
Jer 10:11

God was correct.fng you.'

6 "And you must keep the commandments of

DEUTERONOMY 8 :7-15

Jehovah your God by walking h Ms uays andl I I lW

C I ~ ~
s 6:31
by fearing him.' ForJehovah your God h bring- ;ylg,y
ing you ininto a good land,n3a land of torrent r.! 1 s
vaIEeys of water, springs and great quantities %$:"!:;
of water&isstring forth in the valley plain" and ":2&!i1
in t h e momtainous region, % land of whcnt' m[)~'.~:':14
tL2<I1 >'.I0
and barley1' and vinesp and figs8 and pomegmn- ;;I ;.;
atea,t a land of oil0 oliveso and honey,^ "n land I. I h 7 I::YI
In which you will not eat brcnd with scnrcity, " ~ i ' l ? l ~ \ ~ ~
in which you will lack nothing, a land thc stones :.'; 4
f.;:,!
of which are iron2v and out of the mou~~lains
of
V I J C 33.25
which you mill mine coppermu'
J4rs %." S
10 "When you have eaten and satisfied your- 7 11;14~;:
aelf,J' then you must bless2 Jehovah your God ~;~;,!
for the good Iand that he has given you.' TI! I 1'5
"atch
out for yourself that you may not for- n'l~'!hl~l~'14
get Jehovah your God so as not t o keep his corn- ' I " ':"
nmndrnents and his judicial decisions and his
statutes that I am commandil~gyou today;n &:,8&j;n
for fear that you may eat and inclced sntisry
yourself m d you may build goacl houses nncl in- bne SP:IS
deed dwell in them,# and your herd and your F:,2j::u
flock may increase and silver m d gold' rnny in- :i;;cl:i7
crease for you and all that js yours may in- &m.;:;
crease;' and your heart may Indeed Se lilted $:I!x ~e
up3 and you may indeed forget Jehovah youl. T:.::2?i2'
God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, '/:;@!,,
out of the house of slaves;" Is who c~usedyou to ,j;cri;;3
travel in the great and fear-inspiring wilrler- ,'>7',.:t;f
nessn with poisonoush serpentst' and scorpionsc r$!::iji;l
and with arid land that has no water;' who l l l , l l ; ' ~

;;;;';c];zB

" Q r ~ n clunntities
t
of watm.'"YSun~,
tel~oktrf(in tl~clptll~nlnumh e r ) , ua a t O e n ~ ~ i1:
s , 3; '7:ll; 8:2 ; LXSl'g, ' ' t ~ b y ~ wb~ , ' '
"!!pry;
inflnmjnntion-causing,"L a m , 'csZi~~ging;
I l i f i ~ ~ f i " ;VR,*'fiery
( b u r ~ i a g )in breath." "Scorpions!' M,'np.rttb*; litz~~allg
~~rmming
a

"tl1c fig!1krM'.

DEUTERONOMY 8: 16-9: 4

587

586

brought forth water for you out of the flinty

r n d ~ ; ~ zom who fed you with mannan in the
wilderness, which your fathers had not known,
g7F2
FS I C C , : ~in
~ order to humble your nnd in o~tder
t o put you
PS 11.m
~ C ~ I O - . Jto
: the test so as to do you good in your afternEx 1k15
days;" ': and you do say in y a w heart,! 'My
;$$z$n own power and the full might of my own hmd3
havemade this w e ~ l t hfor me.'u l B And youmust
:",h$4iy
3Jcr 24:6 remernher JeElov~hyour God, because he is the
La 3 2 6
2co 427 giver of power to you t o make wealth,' in order
Heb
1Pe1:7
12:11
t~carryauthiscoven~ntthathesrvoretoy~u
forefathers, as at this day.w
!,"D'a;,l&
1cog:;
19 "And it must occur that if you should at
CP4 fX:l
Pr10:m all forget Jehovah your God and you do walk
Ho 2:s
after other gods and serve them and bow down
I V ~ Wi:lz
to them, I do bear witness agnht YOU today
that YOU peopIr? will absolutely p6rish.Y ""Like
Yz&$
"@30:19
the nations that Jehovah is destroying from before YOU, that is the way YOU will perish, because aow will not listen t o the voice of Jehovah"
YOCR God
Eg>%?f6
L
La 1:1
"Hear, 0 Israel, you R18etoday crossing the
Da 9:j.z
-IDe 11:m
J ~ x l a n ?to go in and dispossess nationsD
W e 221
" I J ~1:B greater and mighl ier than you," cities great and
De 7:l
pm*4
n ~ E x126

."

m 1 1 . ~ fortified t o the heavens," ? a people great and

tall, the sons of An'a.kirnm0abut whom you
:XU
0, 2:11
133.3
yournelf have Itno~vn ancl you yourself have
heard it said, "Who can make a firm stand be+&
1:m fore t h e sons of A b ~ k ? 'And you well know
today that Jehovah your Cod is crossing beJog 3 . n
Rfic 213 fore you.' A consuming flre he is.']'He will anni*we4:24 hilate* them and he himself rvill subdue them
Isn 30:27
n a 1;s
before you, and you must dispossess them and
2Th
H e b 1:s
1g29 destroy them speedily, just fls Jd~ovahhas S ~ O bXu 33;nZ
"EX a 3 1 'ken to y0u.l
E;:Ala
4 "Do not say in your heart when Jehovah

*XU
De I.=
1 3 : ~

'

DEUTERONOMY 9 :5-10

588;

your God pushes them away from before you

this, 'It was for my osm righteousnesso that

589
CDe2Q:U

(
Jehovah has brought me in to take possession
of this Iand," whereas it is for the wickedness *g;2;y7
of these nations that Jehovah is driving them k e S 6 : 2 2
away from before you.' It-is not for your right- lgz :;;:
eousnessm or for the updihtness of your heart $;i;tg
t h a t you are going in to take possession of their
land; &faSLct5it .is for. the wickedness of these
nations that Jehovah" your God is driving them ",bGe,&
- away from before youn and in order t o carry rgz :?g5
out the word that Jehovah swore t o your fore- g 5;;
fathers, Abraham,' Isaacs and Jac0k.t "Andl
you s G e 26.4
:I3
must know that it is not for your righteousness t GL:eY %32
13
that Jehovah your God is giving you this good k;:5:2
land to take possession of i t , u for you are a stiff- uEel%fg4
9De 3 1 : ~ ~
necked3 peop1e.V
vEu 3 2 9
7 "Remember: Do not forget how you have 2;8;
provoked Jehovah your God in the wiIderness." wwe 8 ; z
16:83
From t h e day that you went out of the land af .EEze
X 14.11
Egypt until \'OUR coming to this place you have Ki$i
proved rebellious in your behavior with Jeho-&
::;;:
v a h . ~ Even in Ho'rebo you provoked Jehovah
:;&
t o anger so that Jehovah got incensed at you
to the point of annihilating
When I went "gz1"0"6419
up the mountain to receive the stone
$g:;~jsa
t h e tablets of the covenant t h a t Jehovah had
concluded with YOU," and I kept dwelling in the FC;;;~
mountain forty days and forty nights,cq (I m i - GDe
28:~~
ther ate bread nor drank water,) lo then Jeho- 0""24:18
vah gave me the ttvo tablets of stone" written +DelD:4
I
upon with God's finger: and upon them were mg;;il&
I
all the wordsa that Jehovah had spoken with L U I I : ~
YOU in the mountain out of t h e middle of the

'

"Upon them rrere all the words," t o agree with LXXSyVg; "upon
them there was [the same] as all the words," Xi3am.
a

DEUTERONOMY 9 :11-19

fire in the day of the congregation.a3*lX

And it
came
about
that
at
the
endo
of
the
forty
days
,:;!?
:::Ex 20:1
and forty nights Jehovah gave me t h e two
#E
,3;ii8 tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant,"
Heb 9:4
lz and Jehovah proceeded t o say t o me, 'Get up,
go down quickly from here, because your people
whom you brought out of Egypt have acted
* $ 2 ruinously.* They have turned aside quickIy from
the~way about
which
I commanded thern.1 They
l
~
~
i
~
PS 7 8 5 7
have
made
themselves
a molten
l 3And
n?Ex 32:4
nEs: 32,9 Jehovah went on to say this t o me," 'I have seen
this people and, look! it is a stiff-necked peop1e.r
2K117:14
Let me alone that I may annihilatet them
and blotu out their name0 from under the heavzg;
i;;:,
J"l4:lz
ens and let me make you a nation mightier and
tDe 4.26
more populous than they are.'v
PS 9:5
15 "After that I turned and went down from
Ps 100:13
Pr 10~7 the mountain, whiEe t h e mountain was burning
Pe 3.3
vGu i 4 : 1 ~ with fire,w and the two tablets of the covenant
were in both my hands.r ' T h e n I looked and
%
I;'' 1
;8
,,
yEx32:fi there YOU had sinned against Jehovah aouR
ol.lsaE24 God! You had made yourselves a molten calf.3
You had turned aside quickly from the way
zkc7:41
about which Jehovah had commanded YOU."
I r At that I took hold of the two tablets and
flung them down from both m y hands and shat0Eg:!9tered them before YOUR eyes." IBAnd I proceeded to prostrate rnyselg before Jehovah,&as
at first, forty days and forty nights. I neither
b*?: 3 4 : s ate bread nor drank water,O because of all YOUR
OJos7:11 sinCthat YOU had committed in doing evil in the
eyes of Jehovah so as to offend him. l aFor I was
scared because of the hot anger with which
'Jb=22:18 Jehovah had got indignants at Yon t o the point
"Congregation!' LXX, ek.fle.s?a. See Deuteronomy 4: 10,footnoted.

DEUTERONOMY 9:28-10 :6
pay attenthn to the hardness af this people and

591

of annihilating YOU.' H o m m , Jehovah listened 'E ;z;ll

their wickednem and their sin," :* for fear the
t o me also that time."
1 4 : a landaPout o: which you brought them may say,
20 "At Aaron," tm, Jehovah got very in- ~ ~ ; $ ; ~ , ~JJer 50:20

Agzz

IO:~O
censed to the point of annihllatlng hIrn," but I 3)'cc lIlG:23
Am 7:"s
made srtpplication also in behalf of Aaron nt "1.:~
32.2
1
that particular time. 2 z "And YOUR sin that YOU I:, ;;J!?I
1
had made, the calf, I took and 1 proceeded t o
burn it in t h e fire and to crush it, grit~clingit
thoroughly until it had become fine Ifke dust,@tk E:i
after which 1 threw its dust into the torrent
yj;;
I 1317::
that w&q descending from t h e rnountajn.*
Id0 tl:1l3
22 "Further, at Tabte.rah'aand ~t Mas'sahl PS 95:s
rnm 11:4
and at Kib'roth-hattapa'a,~ahm
YOU proved your- h- 11 11.31
selves provokas of Jehovah to anger. PJ And nS'"3'2G
1 ) ~I:J{+
when Jehovah sent YOU out of Karclesh-;:r
bar'ne.a," saying, 'Go up and t ~ k posesslon
e
of
?;I;"
the land that I shall certainly give YOU!' then
PS;;;;;~
YOU went behaving rebelliouslyo against the Ilrb +: 19
order of Jehovah YOUR Godr' and uau dld not or'r"':'"
exercise faith" toward himRand clld not listen te
i;ig
his voice, y 4 YOUhave proved yourselves rebel- ,2y7:jyra
lious in behavior with Jehovah from the day of nc o:rH
v1:x :r2:11
my knowing ~ 0 u . t
1 ' ~1.7:29
25 m'So1 kept prostrating myself before Je25,;
hovah forty days and forty nightsIt1for I prose ,Yi:"; :;l:,
1
Xrated myself thus because Jehovah talkedn of g3.7is2,
annihilating ~ o u . ~ ~ P LI n
began
d tornakesupplication t o Jehovahv and to say, '0Lord Jeho- l l l r107.2
ti I
ah,^ do not bring to ruin your people, even 0 1 I;! 2 so
"nc
15:15
your private propertyPC"whom you redeemede
1
with your greatness,r whom you brought out of
Egypt with a strong hand.r fl Remember your 'Et!&
servantss Abraham,"saac
and Jacob.' D o not
?$;!

''Eecause Jeho~tah was unable to bring them

into the land that he hacl promised thcm and
them he brought them out t o
' ~ . because
~ ~ he
j hated
~
put
them
to
death
in the wilderness,"' They
,Ds:2;m
Fs 115:2 are, too, youp people and your prlvate propertp
@De4:m
I K I a:16
whom you brought out with your great power
Ne
PS 95:7
I:IO and your outstretched arm.'"
P a 100:3
' I t that p~rticulartlme Jehovah said
to me, 'Carve for yourself two tablets of
'&34:1
stone like the first ones," and come up to me
into the mountain, and you must make an ark'
for
yourself,'
'
~ of wood
b
~
~
~ And I shall write upon
the tablets the ~wrc?sthet appmred on the first
tablets, which you shattered, and you must @ace
in the ark.'' .'So I made an ark of acacia
TE;g;$ them
woodm
~ ~ i , - i g ~ and carved two tablets ol stone like the
mEx is:io first ones and went up into the mountain, and
Ex 37:l
hEx 34.4 the two tablets were in my hand,a ' Then he
wrote upon the tablets the same a ~ i t i n gas the
r"34:28
first,' the Ten
~vhlchJehovalz had
De 910
Jer31:33 spoken to YOU in the mountain out of the middle
SEX20:l
413
of t h e fire in the day of the congregation,t after
tEk 19:18
ae5:n which Jehovah gave me them. Then T turned
uE"34:m and mmt down from the rnountaina and placed
n ~ K ~ 7the
: ~tablets" in the n r k r t h a t I h ~ made
d
that
34:P
VEX2 ~ : E f i they might continue there, just as Jehovah3 had
EX 40:20
cornmmded me.'v
w l K i 8:9
6 dnA"'
the sons of Israel pdled away from
g::$ Beer'oth Ben'e-ja'a-kanu for Moasetrah.*There
Aaron died and he got to he buried there, and

Or, "tl~onpht,''&"Lord Jehol-ah.'' M, A.do.tfcr~~'Prnko.urilrF;RCO

O e o e h i ~1 5 : 2r fmtnotcse~f ; L,eF, "J ehorah, kin^ of the gods'';
Or, ':~onr ~ n h r r i t n ~ ~ c c . ' ~
Syl'g, " l ~ nGod."
l

n1~ThcImd" (bat with the vrrh "nap my'' in the plurnl), M: ('the
idahitants o f tbe land," LXX8nrnAyl'g, b"'l"en \I'ords," thnt i?,
words of command, or commnndraents; AXY, rl~k'a bg'oi,

ii;$$;z

,c;

v;; !f5

:zi

k!kci-~g

occ
E\: 6:s
4157

;z

DEUTERONOMY 10:7-16

592

593

foresldn of POUR heartsVand not hardena YOUR

neclts m y longer. a; For Jehovah POUR God is
the God of gods1l3 and the LordcOof lords,"he
:
!hJuq 3:l.l greatr rnigl~tyl'and fcar-inspiring God,' who
,,:.lc
r s 1 n G 2 treats none with pnrtiality nor accepts a
Ro) 9.11
1)- u; 19
b r i b ~ , " a~h cxer~ltingjudgment3 for the fatherlti.ll(
I2
less: boy and the widows and loving the tempo. LW Z. I: I ~rarf resident so as to give him bread and
'
r
!:+,
$4 clot tling. '!' YOU,too, must lovQ the temporary
' 1.
scsiden t,' for rou bccame temporary residents

E.le.a'zars his son began t o act as priest instead oJn* 1.m

of him." T F m m there they pulled away fat* '[,N,u$;g
Cud'go.dahA and from GudJgo.dah for Jot'bathah,' a land of torrent valleys running with

DEUTERONOMY 10:17-11 :2

vLc
J:U 2:20
2b!41

33:'-

tvater.

8 "At that particular time Jehovah sepmted

the tribe of Le'vic* to carry the ark of Jehovah's :De
,N U 12:12
1:m
covenant,' to stand before Jehovah for minister- NI>@U ~1679~ , i a
ing3 t o himBand to bless in his name until this
Lf!
!::;i
day.' That is why ke'vl has come to have no
yI2
"""
":la
in the land of Egypt."
share and inheritance-with
his brothers. Jeho- :ulb I:, ,i
1'4 5
20 "Jehovah your God you should f e a r . = O
vah is his inheritance, just as Jehovah your God -+('h::I!II
IJJU ~ : I O
rDczlm
had said to him.' lo And 1-1 stayedh in the '$:&"fi? "Lu.j:g Him you should serve,' and to him you shodd:
cling and by his name you should make sworn
rno~trttainthe same as the first days, forty days $
;:?;
He i s the One for YOU t o praisego
md forty nights," and Jehorwh proceeded t o $2:.;
:g
?;i9 statements.'
''""fi
listen to me also on that o ~ c a s i o n Jehovah
.~
did JE?.
O 1~t: i
tnd
hc
js
your
God,
who has done with you these
Iqn .l5:?l
.I.l:B
"lt8 .t:aJ
great
nucl
fear-inspiring
things that your eyes
not want t o bring you te ruin. l 1 Then Jehovah AI.:Y 2 r . 1 ~
lSn 1 2 2 4
I(lri.zl have seen." '"Irlth
seventy
your foresaid t o me, 'Get up, go before the people for a P1itt4i47
GI- .J[i:2?
fnthers went down into Egypt," and now Jehopulling away, that they may go In and take ,!:;; :jl.:j7
1 : .:
,it 7:T.If12
possession of the land that I have sworn to their c,;;: j;
vah your God has constituted you like the stars~
1
%
;
~
I
:
:
I
of the heavens for mu1titude.p"
forefathers to give t o them.'*
l r q EM:I
"And you must love Jehovah3 your God*
12 "And now, O Israel, what is Jehovah your nc n,st
'GO 3.).5
h'l? 9.23
and keep your obligation" t o him and his
God asking of youe but ta fearvehhovah your * ~ F R ~ ~ $
a 110 [I,.;
'"-17
n.35
statutes
an.[?his judicial decisions' and his cornGod, so as to walk in all his ways* and to love $t::.:O
1 Ilc 1:45
Cnczs,~, ma~~dments'
always. Y A n d you well knorv t&
him' and to serve Jehovah your God1with ~111
: ; * :,&
day
(for
I
do
not address"~oun sons who have
your heart and all your soul;"
t o keep the
;;ig
not horvn and rvhs have not seen the discipline
commandments of Jehovah and his stabtesn I ins ::r,:li
l] 7 9
that I am cornmanding you today, for your Zlt,;'i<j
Or, ' i y t i f l t ~ ~ . ' fb "C;~du,'' III Pnrn, An-rl.o.hrrn*; L?LX, J ~ o i~ h c - n i t(in
tlir pnila vc msr, plurnl) ; Tg, rlr'd in ttic gcnitive cosc, phral).
good? " 'Behold, to Jehovah your God belong $C:.i.$F
'The wl~olccx p ~ ' ~ ~ i Innr
[ t l i nlw rend : ''is God of t h c gods." "Lord."
the heavens,' even the heavens of the h e a v ~ n s ,n:i;t%:3
~
M,
A.tfo.uitn', ill tlw plurnl or O X C ~ ~ P ~ I L~ LC Y; , . Ky'ri.os; Tg,
the earthc and all that is in it. '' Only to your
l~o'nti.rr18s. d ' ' ~ o d s . ' ' 13, ktr-n.dn.ninl*; J . I S , Itni I:!r'vi.oi (genitive
forefathers did Jehovah get attached so as to r: j i i - :n
; Vg, "r?nirii~~ntin::o t ~ p s , " TIIC rr-hob* Q X ~ ~ P S Smay
~ O ~
read:
love them, so that he chose their offspringb t ? : ~?o!'s
" ~ n t h r t l of tllc lords." *"The
Ood." ElSnzu, hn-El; I;XY,
3% !::I
Irn T h r . n ~ ' ;T'K, Dp'tta. * Or,"gift." g Littrolly, '+IIris your pmise."
dter them, even YOU, out of all the peoples, as ;rm, ,n-28
"Soul.." 1Ihn~l1~
y c ( l ~ ' r . q V ~ ii,SS, ps!t.chC (in the ploral ) : Tg,
a t this day.u l9 ARd YOU must c i m ~ m c i s ethe
~ F!D,',t!:i
n'~tr.mra (in tllc
m r i 1. 1 "I [to . . ntlrlr~as."'Thrae wartls are insrrtud to r o r l ~ p l c t ctlrc sensP of thia p<rssngaof Scripture.
a Liternllp, "stood." Compare Exodns 9 :16,footnot@. b Or, "seed."
"10

't>k.

1'5

11

;;;;TB

"''spl

...
.

DEUTERONOMY If.:12-19
the land t o which YOU are crossing to take pos-

595

of Jehovah TOUR Wrn

his greatness,n big
strong hand and his outstretched arm,' "nor his
signs and his deeds that he did in the midst of
Egypt to Phar'aoh the king of Egypt and t o
all his land ;" nor what he did to the military
forces of Egypt, to his horses0 and hjs war'
chariots against the faces of which he made
the waters of the Red seaGoverflow when they
were chasing after them and Jehovah proceeded to destroy them till this day;" nor whnt he
has done to YOU in the wilde~~ness
until YOUR
corning te this p1ace;u nor what he did to Dn'.
thanv and A.bi'ramw the sons of E.1i'ab the son
of Reu'ben,owhm the earth distended its mouth
rtnd proceeded to swallow them up and their
households and their tents and every existing
thing that stepped after them in t h e midst of all
brael) ;Y f o r YOUR eyes were the ones seeing
all the great deeds of Jehovah that he did."
8 "And YOU must keep the whole commandment that I am commanding you today, in order that you may grow strongc and may indeed
enter in and take possession of the land to which
YOU are crossing to take possession of it, "and
in order that you may lengthen YOUR days" on
t h e soil that Jehovah swore to YOUR forefathers
t o give them and their seed,* a land flowing
with mill< and honey.10 "For the land to which you are going to
take possession of it is not like the land o i Egypt
out of which YOU came, where you used to SOW"
your seed a d you had t o do ilrrig~tingwith
your foot,&like a gardena of vegetables. But
Or, "hnd t o water it with your foot"; thnt i ~by
, ~ollrefom~o f

foot power\. whether on a m t e r wheel: (8nkri.eh) or by foritling

nnd opening ~ a t c channels.
r

session of it is a land of mountaind and valley

plains. Of the rain of the heavens it drinks
vate el';' '% amd t h a t Jehovah your God is carwm8:7
Jer 2 7
ing
for. The eyes" of Jdlovah your God are
"1~19:3 Ezr 5 5
PS 3 3 : ~ constantIy upon it, from the beginning of t h e
Ps 34:15
year t o the close of the yenr.
3er 24:6
13 "And It must occur t h n t If vow wilI with'De ~7
out fajl* obey my comrn~ndrnentsthat I am
commanding you today so as t o love Jehovah
6:5
YOUR God1 ~ n to
d serve him with all YOUR heart
mDelo:u
and all YOUR SOU^,^ then I shdlecertainly give
"De
,EE
L2 rainz for YOUR land at its appointed time," au1
23:n hlmn rain and spring rain,brand you will indeed
Job j:10
J c r l 4 : n gather your grain and your sweet mine and
rJoe 3
2
:
'
your oil. j6 And I shalla certainly giw vegetaJ Z S 5:;
tc; ::i2'
;5, tionC in your field for your domestic anirnal~,~
g:lo
Joe 2:19 and you will indeed eat and be satjsfled.t I V a t c h
out for yourselves lor fear YOUR heart may be
enticed11 and YOU do turn afiide and worshipQ
ODe
u De 14.9
73
nt! d:ls other gods Find how down to them," I T and JehoJob 31:27
anger0 does blaze against Youw and he
one 2 9 : ~vah'so
~
CDe 29%
r D e 8 : ~ does shut up the henvens so that no rain will
O C C U ~ Y and the p u n d wilt not give its p~odv.ce
,~;,"~;~~
s u e 25.23 and YOU have to perishn speedily from off the
?J*S23:16
s.5
good land that Jehovah Is giving
I C h 6:2S
18 $"And
I~QVmust apply these words of mine
3er 14.1
to
YOUR
heart
and Torn soul and blnd them as
Z ~ , &?fs
C
Jos 23:13 a sign upon YOUR hand and they must serve as
a frontlet band between yam eyesP2 You must
$:;;6
t
20:18 also teachc' them to YOUR sans, so as to speak of
them when you sit In your house and when you
walk on the road ~ n dwhen you lie down and
weI:7

"I shall," M Sp ; @'hedl,'? ,LXYSnmVg, b filtcrallp, "enrlg (former) rain and latter rain?"

597

when you get up.* 20 And YOU must twit-e them

upon the doorposts of your house and on your
gates,O 31 in order that YOUR days and the days
of YOUR SOW may be many' on the soil that
Jehovah more to aom forefathem to give to
them," as the days of the heavens over the . - - . - .
I*? !b;:l
earth,"
4(7C 13: 15
I. : % 1 ;:5
22 "For if YOU will strictly keep all this com- mi's
72.5
mandment*that I am commanding YOU so as to 1's %'-%
m1>C! c:t:
do it, to love Jehovah YOUR Gad,' to walk in all .Dc? 6 : :
I l:13
his wayst and t o cling to him,
then Jehovah 1 l>C
I].? 1ll:la
n~
l)e
i0:m
must drive away all these nations from before
3n:211
2207
YOU" and YOU will certainly dispossess nations nl.:s
1,*.I ::w
greater and more numerous than YOU are.7 13,c. 9:1
'"very
place on which the sole of YOLT foot
1:s
will tread will become youas." From the wilder- nSaa
Jan 14:9
ZDC
mi5
ness@up toa Lebanon, from the River, the river
Eu.phra'tes: t o t h e Westernbea uoua buund- ador 1:Q
ary%iU bec0rne.t aB No man will make a firm C D e W:17
D e 23:W
stand against
The dread3 of you and the CIGe
15:18
Ex 23:51
fear of aou Jehovah YOUR God will put before NU
,7,1::4
the face of all the land on which YOU will tread, 11n0
1K1;1:24
(:2.1
just as he has promised
r;l;:.u 2.1:%7
,Jon n:n
26 "See,I am putting before you today Mess5 ,I
ing and maledicti~n:~p~
'? the blessing,Y pro- SDr! 23:s
vided aou will obeyz the commmdrnents of "on 22:a
ZB:9
JehovahQYOUR God that I am cornanding You %DL?
wDe .N!l
3:!0
today; 25 and the malediction,z if You will not ~Ga
u t 2r:2
r
obey the commandments of Jehovah aotrR God PAI!,! 1 1
Jsn 1:19
and mudo turn aside fmm the way about which <i?L3:l ,b
26:14
1 am commanding YOU today, so as to lvdk after XI4*,
Dc ??:I5
JSII
1-20
other gods whom YOU have not knoun.
29 "And it must occur that when Jehovah
your God brings you into the land to which

/
I

1S:t 10:s

12' 1;
Jfi 7:l

mi:,.

"kc n:i
J8rR

J W 3:lT

*1>~4:45

I DI. L:R'I

D r * 12.32

1 % 11'3:O
n1l.c ? u : l l

1 . ~2fj:-lG
NII :*:I&

I><.
,1:1
110 [;:I

n t n 1!):W
Lt.25:lR
N u :4[1:13
UP .1:5

r13u -1 ! 10
11il B:40

P I < X 34:13

t N u 3353

Literally, %nd," MLXXSamSyVg; but probablp to ha read, "up

$ Literally, 'Wuder;
to oae'a back wheu facing eaet*

rro 7 5
.TI{ 2:2
c 1 ru :I:{: 13
L!?I$L 1 k - I

- 1 ~ 11.;:10
Jdnr 3:G

JLI*

to,"

you are going to take possession of it, then you

must deliverk the blessing upon Mount Ger'iJ u h 4:10
I )tl 30: IH zlrnQand the malediction upon Mount E'bal."
...Ih! 2713
.rlls s ::lo 3" Are they not on the side oE t h e Jordano tod fls H :!L.
ward t h e direction of the ~ u n s e t in
, ~ the Emd
"-t)c 1 ;::\
.I>(' 1:Y
of the Ca'nanndtes dwelling in t h e Ar'a.bahBb+
[)c :!:I7
J G Y I r1:2 in front sf GII'gal,@beside the big trees of
Jfr:; 12.3
I.J6,r
5:9

1':ZC

211:28

161, 4: 13

4332
J I:2:':

CT>C Lti:31

%rI,:x23:24
L.C 2r; I
2KI 1=3:4

.?.i:13

1K1 13313

:Ill ":I4
21 'h I-i:3
XI>{!7:s
I

DEUTERONOMY 11:30-I2 :6

::!<I 17:41
=!.:x 2:1:13
I lc 2ti:2
ltrs 19:1

7:12
,%:I1

Mopwh?CU~For YOU are crossing the Jordan

to go in and take possession of the land that
Jehovah youn God is giving YOU, and uoc must
take possession of it and dwell in it.'
And YOU
must be careful to carry out all the regulaGons
and the judicial decisions' that I am putting be- ,
fore YOU today.1
"Thcse are the regulationsm and the'
judicial decisions" that you should be
carefuI t o carry out in the land that Jehovah
t l ~ eGod of your forefathel's will certainly allow
you to tnlce possession of, all the days that YOU
Rre alive on the s0f1.~a You should absoltxteIy
destroy* all the places where the nations whom
you nre dispossessing have served their gods,t
on the tall mountains m d t h e hillso m d under
every luxuriant tree." And YOU must pull do\m
their altarav and shatter their sacred pillarsW
and you should b u n their sacredo palesdY in
the fire and cut delta the graven imagesB of
their gods, and you must destroy their names
from that ptncc.'
4 "You must not do that way to Jehovah
YOUR God, :but to the placP that Jehovah YOUR
God will choose out of all YOUR tribes to place
his n m e there, t o have it reside,' YOU mill
smk and there you must come. And there YOU

12

b Or, "rlcwrt plnin~."a 821111

adds: "in front of
Or. "pr n011nm.l'
~lip'chem ' o r , Weir A . s h e ' r i ~ ~ 'Or, "there, to hls x ~ i d e n c e . ~

DEUTERONOMY 12:7-14
must bring YOUR burntc offeringsb and YOUR
sacrifices and YOUR tenth" partsE- and t h e contributim3 of YOUR handwand YOUR vow offerings' and YO&= vo1untary offerings* and the
first-born ones of YOUR herd and of YOUR flock.*
' And there you must eat before Jehovah YOUR
God' and rejoice in every undertaking of
Y O ~ R S YOU
, ~ ~ and YOUR households, because
Jehovah your God has blessed you.
8 "You must not do the same as a11 that we
are doing here todayjn each one whatever is
17:6
right in his own eyes,' because you have not 1'Jg
Am 5%
yet come into the resting placeB and the in- Ac 7:42
sDe =:I9
heritance that Jehovah your God i s giving you. 1K1 S:J6
Mic 220
"
Id
YOU must cross the Jordant and dwell tJos
3:17
in the land that Jehovah YOUR God is giving
YOU as a possession and he will certainly give
YOU rest from all YOUR enemies round about
25:lS
and you will indeed dwell in security." l1 And it uLe
De 33:m
4;s
must wcur tbat the placev tbat Jehovah YOUR 1Ki
Ps 4:s
God will choose 20 have his name reside there Pr 133
Jer 23:8
is where YOU will bring all about which I am vDe
14:23
15:W
commanding YOU, YOUR burnt offerings and Dc
Dc 16:2
8
Y ~ U Rsacrifices, YOUR tenth partsa and the con- DI KC i17
8:29
Ps
78:M
tribution of YOUR hand and every choice of YOUR doh d:21
vow offerings that YOU will vow to Jehovah." nFDe12:6
l a And YOU must rejoice before Jehovah YOUR
god,^ YOU and YOUR sons and YOUR daughters
and YOUR man slaves and YOUR slave girls and
the Levite" who is inside YOUR gates,c because
ZNUB:24
he has no share or inheritance with
De 10:8
De I-l:29
l 3 Watch out for yourself for fear you may offer
Jos 13:14
up your burnt offerings in any other place you
@Le
may seeo l4 But in t h e place that Jehovah will IKI17:4
U:28
*Or, L r ~ ~tithes."
vn
b Or, "in nll the gain of om hand," *Or,
''&tles," SyJrg, 'GGates,'' NSamLXX,

choose in one of your tribes is where you shodd

offer up your burnt offerings and there you
wOslm should do all t h a t I; am commanding you."
2Ch ;:I2
15 "Only whenever your sonla craves it you
O&9:3
may slaughter' and you must eat meat accordLe: lT:3
ne 14% ing to the blessing of Jehovah your Godl that
he has given you, inside a11 your gates.b The
+De14:s
De 15:22 undean and the clean may eat it, the gazelle

as~vellasthe~tag,'~~Onlythebld~~ou
not eat." On the earth you should pour it out as
water." " You will not be allowed to eat illside
gates the tenth part of your grain" or of
1~~~2:
;s your
your new wine or of your oil or the first-born
Acl5.29
":g$G1i8ones of your herd and of your flock* or any of
your vow offerings that you will vow or your
FE;
:g!;
De 1E:G
voluntary off eringsl or the cantrihution of your
I Le 23%
hand.m Is But before Jehovah your God you will
nhTI;8i;l
nDe I.!:=
eat it," in the pIace that Jehovah your God will
De =:2Q
choose, you and your son and your daughter
l.De fi:7
Le 726
Le 17:1Q

and your man slave and your slave girl and the
Levite who is inside your gates, and you must
Ec 3:12
~ c z . 1 8 rejoicer before Jehovah your God in every unAc 2:iG
rue 1 4 , n dertaking: of yours. IDWatch out far yourself
"Nem:38
2C; i-144 that yon may not abandon the Levite all your
t1K14:21 days on your sol1.s
,1$,"49 20 "When Jehovah your Gud will widen out
territory,c3t just as he has promised you,Y
'g:,1,5:;f YOUP
and you will be certain to say, 'Let me eat
3
:;g4
;i
v s u l i : . ~ meat,' because your soulQraves
t o eat meat,
wEx 2
0:a

;
;
P'

3.1;

vvhenever your soul craves it you may eat

Tn case the place that Jehovah your
God
will
choose
to put his namew there should
2Ch
EL^ B : I ~
Del4:23

?zDfj51 meat."

"Xo~l." MSam, ne h'psh; SF, naph'slna. b "All paw gates,"'

N S m ; "c~orye i t p , ' ' ~ ~ ~ ;"in (dl) j o o r cities,'' TigSg. Or,
"boundary."
"God." W a r n , t~aeph*mh; L X X , p m ~ ~ h ~By,
';
maph'sh.

"

DEUTERONOMY 12:22-30

601

600

be frtr away from you,then you must slaughter

some of your herd or some of your flock that
Jehovah has given you, just as I have commanded you, and you must e ~Inside
t
your gates
whenever your so* craves it.r zWnly in the Yml2:15
WAY f hat the gazelle and the stag may be eaten,=
:;g2
so you may eat i t : t h e unclean and the clean =p;;;,

zz

together may eat it. Simply be firmly resolved F; ; :yo

not to eat the blood," because the blood is the ne 1?16
soulbAand you must not eat the soulh with the ~~~.~~~~
flesh.c :Tau must not eat it. YOUsllould pour ,n,'y:!'
ft out upon the ground as water.# " You must k~
not eat it, in order that it may go well with you*
and your sons after you, been~weyou will do ~IIP;;;
what Is right in Jehovah's eyes." 'Werely your +D,
holy things' that will became yours and your E;$:l,yj
vow offeringsmyou should carry and you must n ~ ; ~ j j ~ ?
came to the place that Jehovah will choose.* m$;l;!fi
a7 And you must render up your burnt offer;I;;
Ings,l thc flesh and the blood,m upon the altar 1Sa i?jl
of Jehovah your God, and the hlaad of your .Tet%:y:
sacrifices should be poured out against the altar ,F:1?i2i
of Jehovnh your God,. but the flesh you may eat. ~ L ~ ~ ; ,I ~ ;
28 "Watch,' and you rnmt obey all these 2:
words that I am commanding you, in order that r?: ?;I,(;
it may go well with youq and your sons after s''D e 1:ik
you to tjme indefinite, because you will do what
Is good and right in the eyes of Jehovah your

;$El
z:;

-PL

:::;;

God.
29 "When Jehovah your God will cut off
from before you the nations t o whom you are
going t o dispossess them,t then you must dis- tg '&23
posscss them and dwell in their land. 3 V ~ t c hJoa,2s:4
PE1Y:S5
out for yourself for fear you may be entrapped
"Soul." BISnm, twpB'e$Jt; LXX, p.tj.tlrbr; Sy, taoph'shb. "Soul."
MSnm, nepk'rs71; L X X , psp,clrrf\ Vg, ra't~i.~&laa, Or, 'kmeat."

DEUTERONOMY I2:31-13 :5

after them," after they have been annihilated

from before you, and fw fear you may inquire

~1g,~3~

~;23,:52

respecting thelr gods, saying, 'How WJM ft these

~
2
nations
used
ta~servea their gods?O And I, yes,
n LE IF.3 I, will do the same way.'Y " You must not do
LC 15.26 that way to Jehovah your God," for everything
2KI li:15
detest~ble~
to Jehovah that he does hate they
CDe1-L3
rLe 18.21 have done t o their gods, for even their sons and
Le 20.2
DV is:lo their daughters they regularly burn in the fire
Jer 7.31
Jcr32:35 to their gods.l'Y A % ~ e r yword that I am comng YOU is what YOU should be careful to do,
ust not add to it nor take away from it." E/
"In case a prophet" or a drearne+ af a
dream9 should arise in your midst and he
ve you a sign0or a portent and the sign
EZP 13:z or t h e portent does come true of which he spoke
Z c c 13:4
us waIk after other gods,
4 r e r 2:s t a you,' saying, "Let
whom
you
have
not
knorvn, and let us servea
$
them,'
you
must
not
Iisten to the words of
&",h1,2;5 e
* ~ ls:*a
that
propheta
or
t
o
the
dreamer
of that dream,m
1K1 13:3
Jer zs:9 because Jehovah YOUR God is testjng-ou
to
nrt 7 , n
3;: 23.24 know nrhether YOU are loving Jehovah YOUR
~ F1313
11
Q 13
God with all YOUR heart and all POUR soul.'
*nca:2
CIsa
8:m After Jehovah YOURGod YOU should walk and
him YOU should fear and his commandments You
y;;G,iy,
#ne 6:s
should
keep and to his voice YOU should listen
2 r o 8.8
lD, lo.zo and him you should serve and to him wow should
1De 18:m cling.. And that prophet1 or that dreamer of the
11il 16.22
9.15
dream should be put to death,m because he has
i?~~f"r&aspoken of revolt against Jehavah YOUR God, who
2IiL 10.19
21<110:25 has brought you out of the land of Egypt and
has redeemed you from the house of slaves, to
turn you from the way in which Jehovall your
"Jer56:6 God has commanded you to walk," and you
o
~
vJer 10:2
"em132

3Or,

L s ~ d p ,baE nJ the Hebrew text chapter 12 ends with this

Vi?13&

DEUTERONOMY 13 ;6-l5

603

602

must clear out what is evil from your midst;'

6 "In case your brother, t h e soxlo of your

we33:9

mother,=or your son Dr your daughter3or your Eg; z;!:

cherished wifeae or your companion who is like ;g,"&;6
your o m soul,s shauld try ta alluw you in &yb%yG
secrecy, saying, 'Let us go and serve other S J O ~ Z : ~
gods,' whom you have not known, neither you '"L"7:'
nor your forefathers, some of the gods of the
peoples who are all around YOU, the ones near
you o r those far away from you, from one end
of the land to the other end of the land, "ou
must not accede to his wish or listen to him,
nor should your eye feel somy for him, nor
must you feel eompassion,O mr cover him pro- "1% 23:21
tectively; O but you should kill him ~vithautfail, ?;t
Your hand first of all sllould come upon him to Ez@ 9.5
put him to death, and the hand of d l the people
afterward-u lo And you must stone him with UDem7
stones and he must die,^ because he has sought vE
4
:t;
to turn you away from Jehovah your God, who g;g;g
has brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of JOS 7:2:
the house of slaves. Then all Israel will hear
and become afraid and they wiIl not do anything like this evil thing again in your midst." ";3","g$3
12 "In case you should hear it said in one of g$;;E
your c i ~ e s which
,
Jehovah your God is giving ITI s:ao
you to dwell there, iuSmunhlsb have gone out
from your midst2 that they may try to turn away "1JO 219
the inhabitants of theis city," saying; "Let us "2W17:21
go and serve other gods," whom you have not
known,' '*then you must search and hvesti- ANU 35:m
gate and inquire thoroughly,* and if the thing ?;i5??9
is established as the truth,@this detestable thjng ODe
has been done in your midst, l v o u should withL i M g r "m the &e 09 p m bosom;" IitmRg, C'Mm,the mna
of Berli.al (or, wol*thlessness),"

'Jm
OS 2
6:17
m
Jg20:48

DEUTERONOMY 13:16-14:

out fail strike the inhabitants of that city with

the edge of the sword.* Devote it and everything
that is in it, and its domestic animals, to de-

stmction a t t h e edge of t h e sword.: la And all its

spoil you shauld mBect into the middle of its
broad street and you must burn in the fire the
city* and all kts spoil as a whole offering t o Jeho;gS
g;g
1~
vah
yaur God, and i t must become a heap of
Isa 25:2
Jer 48:a ruins to time indefinite.* It should never be reMlc 1:6
built. And nothing at all should stick to. your
.JOS 6:18
Jos 7'1
*J,, 7:2g hayd of the thing made sacred by ban," in order
E$Tg0 that Jehovah may turn from his burning anger#
*2Sa21:14 and may indeed give you mercy2 and he may
*Ex 3319
1Ge 22:17 certainly show you mercy* and multiply you,
Ce 26:4
G e 25:id just as he h a s sworn t o your forefathers.' IS For
cZ>e 27:10
m n e 1238 you should listen to the voice of Jehwahs your
,gX2:"i:God by keeping all his commandments that I am
commanding you today, so as to do what is
F,$y:f9
H o 1.10
right
in the eyes oE Jehovah your G d . m
doh 1.12
Fie 8%
"Sons 'lrw are of Jehovah YOUR G0d.n
You must not make cuttings upon yourrLc 19 28
~e 21 5
selves or impose baldness on aom foreheads"
Jer 1 6 5
3er 11:s for a dead" person.' For you are a holy people9
2De 16:11
rDe 33:2 to Jehovah your God, and Jehovahc has chosen
you t o become his pe~ple,a special property,
"l'I":!S
aut of all the peoples who are on the surface of
the ground.
$
;
w e1 ~ 1 3 41Yo
must
~ eat no detestable" thing of any
t- ll:u sortt 4This is the sort of beast that ~w may
Ilk llZ2
eat: t h e ox, one of the flock of sheep and one
'ISa 25:z of the flock of goats,3 the stag and gazelle and
VIKi 4:23 roebuckY and wild goat and antelopeb and wild
bulI and chamois;" "and every beast that splits
ODe B:P

nt;:.,,

14

Literal*, "between the eyesN; that is, hy shaving the eyebrows.

bM, di4ahdnf; an animal not exactlg definable today. E N , a p w r e ~ ;
a bonncing, leaping animal, a kind of gazelle, likely.

605

the hoof and that forms a cleft Into two hoofs,

chewingn the cud among the beasts." It YOU w h m3
may eat. OnIy this sort YOU must not eat out of
those that cllew the cud or that aplit the hoof,
11:4
cloven: the camely and the harex find t h e rock yLe
zLe ll:6
b~clger,~
became they are chewers of the cud O L e 11:5
but do not split the hoof. They are unclean for
-7
sou. "he
pi& also, because it js a splitter of ALe
h a 6%4
6&17
the hoof but there is no cud. I t is uncluan for Isa
Lu 1315
you, None of their flesh must YOU eat and their 2 1 ' ~2 : E
b L t 11:n
carcasses YOU must not touchm4
9 "This sort out of everything that is In the
waters YOU may eat: Everything that has fins
and scales YOU may eat.' And everything that *Le 11:9
has no fins and scales YOU must not eat."' It is eLe 11:lO
unclean for YOU.
Z:6
11 "Any clean bird3 YOU may eat. But these
nre the ones of which YOU must not eat: the
28:49
eaglec and the ospreyb and the black vulture,' ODe
*Le11:13
nnd the red kitec and the black lcdte%nd the #Le 11:14
g l d c d according to its kind;c3 I 4 and every mEze 4720
8:7
raven' according to its kind;^ " and t h e ostrichfL*Ge
Le 11:m
1Ki
and the 0w1g and the grrH and the falconr ac- Lu 117:4
2:24
a
13:21
cording t o its h d ; e lG the little awl and the ~-LeI s 1k16
lotlg-eared owlAand the stvan,ll l 7 and the peli- SLe 1127
11:18
can) and the vulture and the cormorant, Inand OLe
Zep 2:14
the stork and the heron according to its kind
and the hoopoe and the bat: "'And every +Le11:19
winged swarming creature is uncle~lnfor YOU." @Le11:20
Litrrnlly,"thc brcakcr" ;
*"The red kite," LXXSnm, to ngme
with 1,cla.iticua 11:14; "the seer,'" En, n kind of rnrcneus bird so
rnllrld ~ I P ~the
I keenness of its siglit, d llr, "kitr." M, day.yah';
n forl,itlrl~n bird not essrtly deR11111~lu
totlny, * Src Cirncsis I : U,
fnotnol~?~.
Liternllg, "the daughter ol' the rltLaert (Irmad, stony tract
of Irlnd) ." Some understand "tllc d n a ~ l i t o~fr vosi rc'rution (or,loud
motining)", "Eight owl;' VgLALS, "lbia: LSSYf'p,

n X~itrrnlly,"bringing up ; reg~rgtnting."b

mnc kind of bird of p q .

DEUTERONOMY 14:2@-26

zB:= They should not be eaten. Any dean flyhe

creature YOU may gat.
21 "You must not eat any dead body.aUTo
"E,x,!:;a
*LO 13:10 the temporary residenr who is inside your gates
Le 22:10
you may give it and he must ent It, or there
*Beas:% may be a selhgb of it t o a foreigner,* because
you are a holy people to Jehovah your God.
"You must not boil a kid in its mother's
c" D.19 ml]k,o
t u 36 :2G
22 "Without fail you should give a tenth= of
all the p~oduceof your seed, what comes forth
on the field year by year,t A n d before Jehobgks:g
DO 1 2 : ~ vah your God, in the place t h ~ hed
t will choose
I l u 56.12
K O 10.37 to have his name reside there, you must eat the
2 ~ tentha
2
part of your grain,+your new wine and
O
h 1F:G
your oil and the first-born ones of your herd
'h15:10 and of y m flock,+in order that you may learn
";; to fear Jehovah your God a l ~ a y s . ~
,J ~ r ~ 2 : : ~ g24 "Now in case t h e journey should be too
lIcb 12:2fl long for you," because you will not be able t o
aa:Zl
carry it, since the place that Jehovah your God
r)C 3 t : ~ i
rill 1 2 , z t will choose to place his namcvhere will be too
m r ) ~12.5
far m a y for you, (because Jehovah your God
will bless you,) 2 s then you must turn it into
money and you must wrap t h e money up in
your hand and travel t o the place that Jehovah
God will choose. 2GThen
you must give the
* h ~ t ~ ~ : your
la
rnaney' for whatever your soul may craveq
2,;;
$ig
crsas:li in the way of cattle and sheep': and goats and
s:? wineo and into-uicatingAliquor and mything
*Xu 23:r
that your soul mag ask of you, and you must
og: i:j:, eat there before Jehovah your G a l and
i*Dcnd body," that is, of any animal found dead, b ' 4 B ~ l l i n ~The
."
Hchrc!w vcrb lwre i~ in the intinitive fil~noluta,llcncr indcfl~~ite
as to
time. Or, "tithe," "He," SISpBp.; "Jchovoh your C i ~ d , " 6nm,
L X X , eexept iu Origcnk Xmaplir UP the 3d ccntu1.y (A,U.],

60'7
And the LRviEe+who +De12~18
inside your gates, you must not ahnndon him,
for he has no share or inherit~ncewith you.'
jC::y
28 "At the end of three years you will bring
out the entire tenth part of your procf~tcein that
year,' and you must deposit it Inside your gates.
" A n d the Levite: because he has no share or *De12:12
inheritance with you, and the temporary resident' rind the fatherless" boy and the widow,l $! !$$?
D e l[~:lu
who are inside your gates, mufit come, and they ve
1fi:ll
must eat and satisfy themselves, i n order that I ;:;iqja
~l'ro
JeI~ovah your God may bless"' you in wery niiic
Ps 31:l
deedn of your hand that you will do.
hlnl 3:10
"At the enda of every seven years you I$,'Lj::;?l
1:r8J;
should make a r e l e a ~ e ."n~d
as regards PI'
L U ti ?5
tills release, there will be n mlewingn by every rEs 2i:l
"'."
c~rrlitorof the debtb that he may let his fellow
incur. Iie should not press his fetlorv or his
brother for payment, because a releases t o nnesi:LO
Jehovahc must be cal1ed.c T h e foreignert you :B;t$y3
rnny press for payment, but whatevc~of yours g;;;;;;
rnny prove to be with your brother let your
hand release. Ho~vever,no one should come to pr 1 1 :zs
Ile poor among you, because Jehovah will with- ' F: iii?;
I h lS
out fail blessu you in the land t h ~ Jehovah3
t
O
D
e
lRi
your God is giving you os nn inheritmce'' to
inlw possession of it, only If you will without
fail lislcn to the voice of Jehovah your God so ,
,, ,!,
as to be cwef~~l
to do all this cornmmdment g;:?,
that I nrn commanding you today.' "For Jehu- ;cqp~:~
vah your God will indeed bless you just as he wile zfi,12
has promised you, and you will certainly lendm g:y"T":it
on pledge t o many nations, whereas you your- L; Ty2:
you and your household,

js

15

Hebrew verb here is in the inbitive a h l u t e ,

h time. Litmnllp, "every w n e r o f a debt of
'OLitcralIy, on^ (lie) r n u k calL"

~"IZclcrrping." The
l~er~cr
inripfinite ns

Iiix

Ilnnd."

1
I
I

DEUTERONOMY 15:7-13

cmI g Z W (self WIFE not bormw; and you must dornhateo

over many nations, whereas over you they will
yE1y;ra3 not dornlnate.~
7 "In cAse some one of your brothers should
become poor among you in one of your cities,a
in your land that Jehovah your God is giving
you, you must not harden your heart or be
closefisted toward your poop brother." For you
should generously open your hand to hima and
by all means lend him an pledge as much as he
needs, which he is in want of. Watch out for
yourself for fear a base wordw should come to
be in your heart, saying 'The seventh year, the
year of the release, has come close,' and your
eye3 should indeed become ungenerous toward
your poor brotherP and you should give h i m
1pe "9
nothing and h e has to CELH out to Jehovah
.E\ 22.23
de z i l s against you' and it has become a sin on your
J o b 3.1:2&
PS 9 : ~ partaml o You should by all means give to him
and your heart should not be stingy In your
giving
to him," because on this account Jehovah
,d{pt&$
A c m ' E your God will bless you in every deed of yours
R o 12.5

andineveryut~dertakingofyouw.~~Forsomeone
poor will ncver cease to be in the midst of
Pr 14:21
229
the land." That is why I am commanding you,
saying, 'You should generously open up your
&",tT!:M
hand to your afflicted and poor brotheru in your
*zg:l
Mi- 14:7
land.'l
Joh 121R
llh"3
12 "In ease there should h sold to you your
h c 245
7~@r34:9 brother, n Hebrew%or a H e b r e ~ v m ,and
~ he
mEx 2::2
~ ~ 2 5 : 3 has
9
served you six years, then in the seventh
year you should end him out from you as one
set
g"J%zE freea3ni"nd in case you should s a d him
2cos:5
'Ve 1 4 . 3
rJs 41::

Librally, "gntes," MSnm ; "'cities," L Z S y ; '<(within the p t w of

your) city," Tg. LibrnlIy, ""a word of Be?i.nl (rrorthle~r;~ics?t),"
C Or, "to your brother, t o yoar aBcted one and to your poor om."'

DEUTERONOMY 15 :14-22

608

out from y o u as one set free, you must not send

him out empty-handed.m4 You shouId surely rgE;y
equip him with something from your Aock and :;2%36
2x3
your threshing floor and your oil and wine Jer
CoI 4 . 1
press. Just as Jehovah your God has blessed ,ps Gg,10
you, you should give t o him8 l6And you must 1
;s
remember that you became a slave" in the Iand p J ~ 9'23
of Egypt and Jehovah your God proceeded to
redeemc y0u.t That is why I am commanding :g;$i;,8
ne 5 : ~
you this thing today.
De I6:la
16 "And it must occur that in case he should
say t o you, 'I shall not go out from your company!' because he does love you and your household, since it was well with him while with you,^ ua21:5
l7 then you must take an awl and put it through
his ear and t o the doorv and he must become vEx21:6
your slave t o time indefinite.w And t o your ~ 1 S a l : 2 2
sIavea g r I you should also do this way. Is It cJg 9:lg
should not be something hard in your eyes
when you send him out from your company as
one set free,Y because for double the value of a YDe15:10
hired laborer he served you six years, and Jehovah your God has blessed you in everything that
you cvould do.
UEx W:2
19 "Every male first-born that wilI be born E;;;;;
in your herd and in your flock you should sanc- ~~"3!;"36
tify t o Jehovah your God.' You must do no sew- YU 1 s . n
ice with the first-born of your ox, nor shear the d
~
first-born of your ffockmA
8"efore Jehovah your E; :$$$
God you should eat it year by year0 in the place ODe 327
that Jehovah will choose,O you and your house- og~
;$%
hold. Z1 And in case there should prove to be in r~ 16.11
it a defect, being lame or blind,c any bad de- ODe27:18
32:17
feet, you must not sacrifice9 it to Jehovah your brDe
-Le 22:20
God.+ "Inside your gates you should eat it, the D, 1 7 : ~
unclean and the cIem t ~ g e t h e rthe
, ~ same as t h e ,ndtgz,

609

DEUTERONOMY 15:23--16:7

gazelle and the stag.' 23 Only its blood' you must

not eat. Upon the earth you should pour it out
De 12:16
as water.*
1Sa 14:s
Eze 33:25
"Let there be an observinga of the month
fOJOS: :5,lO
;i~
of A'bib,' and you must celebrate the
*LF 17:13 passoverom to Jehovah your God, because i
n 'the
1Ch 11:l8
"De12:z

=ee9:4

LC?:=
1-e 17.10

16

month of A%ib Jehovah your God brought you

out of Egypt by night. And you must sacrifice
Le W m 5
the passover to Jehovah your God," of the Aock
Nu 9:2
y,"hzf;?& and of the herd, in the place that Jehovah will
l c o 5:7 choose t o have his name" reside there.r You
Keb 11:28
CJ08 7 9
must eat nothing fermented along with it for
ig,"&:i seven days.s You should eat along with it unfermented cakes, the bread of aiXlicti~n,~~
be;&hgi7
cause
it
was
i
n
haste
that
you
came
out
of
the
;[! ~;g:
vDe 12 5
land of Egypt,U that you may remember the
ne 15:20
De
1 2 2 6 day of your coming out of the land of Egypt all
pg2$::25 the days of your life.' And no fermentationb
should be seen with you in all your territory
tEx13.8
seven days,w neither should any of the flesh,
Le 16%
nEx 12:32 which you will sacrifice in the evening on the
@De 28 67
T+Y 12:14 first day, stay all night until the morningmay
2 ;$;y9 T o u will not be allowed t o sacrifice the pass,1gi;;:; over in any one of your citiesc that Jehovah
,EX.p34:25
:3,;X your God is giving you. "ut a t the place that
Jehovah your God will choose t o have his name
CEX 12
zDe
12%5
reside2
sacrifice the passover
~
~
~there ~you should
5
& ; i 3 ~in the evening as soon as the sun sets,u a t the
ZEFjg appointedo time of your coming out of Egypt.
p2$,"1Fta And you must do the bailinp and the eating
!iy23,ig in the place that Jehovah your God will choose,P
IEX

13.4

Ex 34'18

nlEx 12:14

;:;;&::,

"Observing?' The Rebrew verb here is in the infknitlse absolute,

hence indefinite as to time, R H impersonal.
~
b Or, dlyeast." =Literally, "one of your gates"; by the flapre of synecdoche, the part
((Lg~tes")being put for the whole (''city)'). LXXVgSy, "one of
your cities.''
a

611

and in the morning you must turn around and

go to your o m
Six days you should eat

"J"

3~14

DEUTERONOMY 16 :16-17' :2

vah your God will bIesst you in all yaur produce

and in every deed of your hand, and you must
u ~ T U : ~become
%
nothing but joyfu1.u
'&=:14
16
"Three
times' in t h e year every male of
Ex 3 4 2 3
1 ~ 1 9 % yours should appear before Jehovah your God
in the place that he will choose: in the festival
CJOS 9'11
of
the unfermenteda cakesw and the festival of
"L~2$i15
xu i8.17 w e e k s ~and the festival of booths," and none
should appear before Jehovah empty-handed."
!:z:j
;BPS
",hR'86.F
;2 l 7 The gift" of each one's hand should be in pro*Le 27.8; poption to the blessing of Jehovah your God
that he has given you.A
;2co
p;
;
8:12
18 "YOUshould set judgesoFand oZficez*s4for
-De 3 7 3
:EX 18:26 yourself inside all your gates that Jehovah your
God is glving you by your tribes, and they must
DDe
e 1:16
21:2
judge t h e peopIe with righteous judgmenf.O
G&y21qgi$
You must not pervert judgment.@ You must
:?&1&:'
1Cb 26:ZP not be partial" or accept a bribe? for the bribe
GDe 27%
eDe %:I
blinds the eyes of wise onesu and distorts the
*Ex
Le 19:'s
2 3 , ~ words of righteousQones. Z a Justice--justice you
x1!p2:2iishould pursue,' in order that you may keep
alive1 and may indeed take possession of the
,$;;"3:,i4 land
that Jehovah your God is giving you.
Pr 17:23
I? 7:7
21
"You must not pIant for yourself any sort
3 J g 3:7
*D. 25:s of tree as a sacredu polea near the altar of JehoEze 18:5
alic 6:s
vah your God that you will make for y o ~ r s e l f . ~
1 De 4:l
RO 10:s
22 "'Neither should you set up for yourself
m.JE
E x3:7
34:13
a sacred pillar,n a thing Jehovah your God hates

iD,',
223,
~e 3096

unfermented cakes and on the seventh day there

ill be a solemn assemblslya to Jehovah your 'zigi6
ol~a
8:16
God.' You must do no work.3
Gxha:13
9 "Seven weekso you should cotmt for yourself. From when the sickle is first put t o the
standing grain you wili s t a r t to count seven
weeks.& l o Then you must celebrate the festival3 zEE $;$:
of weeks t o Jehovah your God,' according to the .FXi"4;g
voluntary offering of your hand that you will NLeo 2356
28.26
give, just as Jehovah your God m a y bless you? ozch s:w
l1 And you must rejoim before Jehovah your
ft2&:s
God,* you and your son and your daughter and *$; :$ij
your man slave m d your slave girl and the
Levite who is inside your gatesb and the tern- ~ g \ z ; S
D ~ I Z : ~ ~
porary resident1 and the fatherlessm boy and ImDe
the widow," who are in your midst, in the place nJas 10:18
127
that Jehovah y m God will choose to have his rm 125
name reside there.7 l a And you must remember fEFjF
that you became a slave in Egypt,$ and you
must observe and w r y out these regulations. g
&;gt;
13 "The festival of b o t h s t you should cele- :kP : ;1$
brate for yourself seven days when you make an
ingathering from your threshing floor and your ~;;;;:0
oil and wine press. And you must rejoice dur- 2 ~ 1 1 7 : s
ing your festival,u you and your son and your 2Ch
, ,:823
daughter and your man slave and your slave ~~C"1;~41,
REX2324 indeed.r
girl and the Levi'ce and the temporary resident
Le Z6:l
De 12:3
and the fatherless boy and the widow, who a r e ;
"You must not sacrifice to Jehovah your
;
;
6
;
1
1
rDe
1231
EC
s;f
inside your gates. Is Seven days you will cele2MM:d
5er
lg:'
God an ox or a sheep in which there
6.17
brate the festivalv to Jehovah your God in the ~
Z
~ mZec
~ t oj be a ~defect, anything bad, because it
proves
ue ~
place that Jehovah will c h o ~ s e because
,~
Jeho- ,
~
~ Bb;;$:$
~ is a' thing~ detestable0
~
t o Jehovah your God."
ad'Solem assembly." LXX, ex.o'di.on, that is, a festival to wmg$y$ 2 "In case there should be found in your

$$&$z5

lJ;t;;*;3

k-

17

rnemorxte the exodus fibom E q p t .

"cities."

Or, 'cit;v!'

Jg, "getes"; Sy,

'

DEUTERONOMY 17:2-9

613

612

midst in one of your cities&that Jehovah your

God is giving you a man or a woman0 who 0308 2:4
should practice what is bad in the eyes of Jehovah your God so as t o overstep his covmant,t
and he should go and worship0 other gods and Elsa 15:s
33:14
bow down t o them or to the sun0 or the moon0 ZDe
-J0s 10:12
t
Le
26:15
or all the armya of the heavens,u a thing that I De 4:23
De 3120
have not commanded,Y and it has been told JOS
7:11
you and you have heard it and have searched JF: 2:m
thoroughly and, look! the thing is established Heb 8:9
2220
as the truth,O this detestable t h i n g has been 3De
uDe 4:19
2Ki
13
done in Israel!" then you must bring that man Job 231:26
Jer
8:2
or that woman who has done this bad thing out vJer 7:22
to your gates, yes, the man or the woman, and Jer 19:5
32:35
you must stone such one with stones and such ~Jer
v D e13:lrl
Joh i : 5 1
one must die.Y At the mouthc of two witnesses& Y L24:14
~
W:10
or of three witnesses the one dying should be De
dog 7.25
put to death.O He wilI not be put to death at N o s 1.18
the mouthC of one witness. The hand of the
31:19
witnesses3 firat of all should come upon him to ODe
zXu 2.530
l
r
Z
t
=:I6
put him t o death and the hand of dl t h e peo- Joh 8:17
ZCo 13:l
ple afterward,' and you must clear out what is CDe
139
AC 7:5R
bad from your midst.*
*Re 1 3 5
8 "In case a matter for judicial decision dg 20~13
Ex 18:26
should be too extraordinary for you,$ one in t1KI
3:16
2 19
which blood" has been shed,+ in which a legal 2Jos
+Ex 21:13
35:ll
claim has been ~+aised,
or a violent deed has been Su
De 19:4
8

comitted,d matters of dispute, inside your

gates, then you must rise and go up to the place
that Jehovah your God will choose," and you
must go t o the priests,p the Levites, and t o the
judgep who will be acting in those days and you
must make inquiry and they must hand down

e D e 12:5
P s 12235
pDe 1937

See Deuteronomy 16 : 5 , foatnoteC, Or, "host." OrI ('On the

"between blood and blood, between leg41
claiu and legal claim, and betwen violent deed and riolent deed."

fitatemcut." %tcrallp,

DEUTERONOMY 17:10-18

you the word of the judicial decision."lo

Then
must do in accordance with the word that
they will hand down to you from that place
which Jehovah will choose, and you must be
careful t o do according to all that they instruct
eMt u:9
'De2s:58
you.* In accordance with the law3 that they
will point out to you, and according t o the judicial decision that they will say to you, you
should do.* You must not turn aside from the
*?t\g;
~ o 1 3 : e word that they will hand down t o you, to the
1J"o",
5;\2 right or t o t h e left.' l 2 And the man who will
Pr 4 5 7
behave with presumptuousness in not Iistenjng
EDe21:5
t
o the priest who is standing to minister2there
mNu 15:30
Ezr 10s to Jehovah your God or to the judge," that man
%\gim must die," and you must clear out what is bad
from Israel,' laAnd all the peaple will hear and
nk,"2;$32&
3
s D e 23:11 become afraidn and they rviIl not act presurnpne 19.20 tuously any rn0re.t
tNu 15.31.
~Dc7:l
14 "When you eventuaIly come into the land
Jos 1:13
v l s a s : ~ that Jehovah your God is giving you and you
1Sa 8:20
l s a 10:19 have taken possession of it and have dwelt in
C
~ Ir )l ~s
28:36
a
9:17 i t u and you have said, !Let me set a king3 over
myself like all the nations who are round about
"'you should without fail set over yourself
Y~~;o:21
1 . m 1:a
a
king
whom Jehovah your God will ~ h o o s e . ~
Heb 1:9
GJOS az:e
From among your brothers0 you should set a
king over yourse1f.y You will not be allowed to
put over yourself a foreignerz who is not your
z ~ 2:3
GDe
20:1
t
fig brother. Only he should not increase horsesQ
for himself,l nor make the people go back to
?;I;
Egypto in order to increase horse^,^ whereas
&x8.yl?
Jer 42.i4 Jehovah has said to You, 'YOU must never go
Eze 17:E
& should also not
nEx 14.13 back again by this way.'n
multiply wives for himself t h a t his heart may
riy&!;$
CJ0s7:24 not turn aside,' nor should he increase siIveP
gold for himself very much.s Is And it must
B ~ ~ 6 ~ 0 i ~and
'
4:s
Jer 18:18 to

*JK

z;

4$1:4
>fafa:;

:z

you

615
o w w that what he takes his Seat on the throneG:&% $jyB
of his kingdoma he must writeP in a book" far
himself acopyaf this l a d f m t h a t which is In t y r i I 1 1 : 1 2
srmq
the charge of the priests, the L e v i t e ~ . ~ ~
t3r 31 ;?G
19 "And it must continue with him and Re 2K1z'8
mast read in it all the days of his life, in oder
B:B
that he may J
m to fear Jehovah his God so
%I;$B
as t o keep all the worrls of this lam and these r7c 1:2
It9:rn
r q @ a t i m by doing them,' :"that
his heart .1's
r oh3 m
may not exalt itself above his brothersw and ,,?,I:t'i?L
that he may not turrn aside from the command?:;
ment to the right or to the left,y in order that :;.'];I
he may lengthen his days upon his kingdom,*
Y;$::;~
he and his sons in the midst of Israel,
Ii<l 15:s
x l ' r lll.27
W o share or inheritance* with Israel ;;?E;;4
should come to belong t o the priests, the
m?j; 2.i.Z
Levites, the entire tribe of Le'vi." The offer- om
ings' made by fire of Jehovah, even kLsl' in- 2JU,S:;:i4
heritance, they shauId eat.& So no inheritance
?;; id
should come to belong t o him in the midst of
his brothers. Jehovah is his inheritance,+ just
FKlor.li
as he has spoken fa him.
Ih 119 37
3 "Now this showld continue as the due right R
,';:,
of the priests from the people, from the ones
who sacrifice a victim, whether an ox or a
sheep : One must gLve to the priest the shoulder

~4
.NU 3'10

nn r n , H

I)@ 17:[2

:r

r r l 21
~
n>l 11 :45:2

1'42~3
I 1 Y iy; L

1'3 s.l;lo

,-

., ,:,
E&/:::,2

Q~7087'21

a Lited-y, LCa copy of this law from bePore the pri~sta,the TXvites,"
Y;"this ~ . ~ e . r o . n o t mjsemnd,
i.
or, repmtd hw.1 hy nwan$ of

(or, j m i n g from) the pri&s, the Leritce," LASS; "n Dcu.?r.ro.s~armi.um of this law, t a h g (neeepting) an r~cmplarfrom thr pricl~cta
of the Levitie tribg- Tg. L 1 T i 3 ; ' hWgBp; LtIid~,"
LLY.

Jehovah will choose,' then he must minister

in thennme of Jehovah his God the same as all
his brothers, the Levites, who are standing
there before Jehovah.' % equal share he
],
l L ' . . f E should e ~ l t , mbesides what he gets from things
:ji:
:!:77 he sells oi his ancestral goods."
2iCl 21:O
9 "IYhen YOU are entered into the Jand that
2q:3
Jehovah your God is giving you, you must not
:!Ti;,:;;
b n p ? i ~ l:e~~~r nta do according to the detestableo things
of those natlonsSn" There should not be found
you myone who makes his son or his daugh,, ,:, in
ter pass tl~rsughthe fire,r anyone who employs
nth~r4.iodivin~tion,~apracticer
of magict oranyonewho
t 1-o lfj:;?ti
, ~or one who
rrco .I.! I, looks f o r omens" or a s ~ r c e r e rl1
%J*:s2:!iR
binds others with a spellw or anyone who con,.
: S,A
,,,OI::~I sults a spirit mediumeY or a professional fore-

;zl,:

vz:F&, I

'=*

whom Jehovah your GodR has chosen out of all

your tribes t o stand to minister in the name of
Jehovah,ll- he and his sons, altvays."
6 "And in cese the Levite should ga out of
one of your cltiesc out of aH Israel, where he
hadresided for awhile,*andhedoesmmeb+
causeof any longing of hissoul tothe place that

2t'h 3i.4
1': mf.1
KP IF47
i.u I U : ~
n1.c 19.26
irt.::*..cfi
r IN Y +::! 1

18

blade and the jaws and the stomach,' The first

fmits of your grain, yaur new wine and your
oilQand the first h i t s of the shorn lvooE of your
gwkQyou should give him. For he is the one

r)* 36 2

DEUTERONOMY 18:6-11

'LJc.lrovnhynur Ood." 111 tlla prpyrua Pragmant of the P. Pousd

Xav~ntoryhn. 370, of thc Circok Xrpl&u.n.gint, nncl of the 2d cent lll:y 13.V., a O r c ~ krcnrlming of ''Jclrornh yottr sod" does not
nrLc,urIIP~P, h t ~ ttliv 13~hrrwt~tmgm~a~aaton
{il?;iq,
TKlfEI) for
1 i 0 f i ' ~IIIIIHP i s wl'i t t e ~IIL.~ 'rhis, Iwsidm oocnrrPnces in other frngH I P H ~ ~ this 11!py1-111; cclllrt1tio!~,ii~ttitntw that Jellovah'~nmie
~ i i nppmr
l
i n tbr 101.111rir tl~ri l t , b ~ t ~ t r n g r ~ ~ ~ ~ nin
~ fthe
i t obook
u
rrt' Dt.utri~onomyof tlw (31.cek 8cp'tlr.n.0int, i f not in nll its Pentstcuc.li. Src onr Fnrrrvord, pnfics 10-15,of the ,Yrw Tforbrl Tmn+
J,rtionl nl t l r ~Chriwfittnl i;rrvk .q(-rtlrt1tr~4:10118:70), b The papP r n ~ ~ l e nof'
t , t ha P. I-'vantl Envc~ttoryKO,266 of the Greek Scp'twrr.gr~rt ia lorn hwe, hut tho lnbt two letteirj of the Hebrew tetraparllrnnton far G o d f nonlc nppenr. * Sea Denttronom~16 : 5, fmt11atP. Liternllt "~cni~lm
the thinm ho RUB according 0 tbe forefntl~ere,'' Scc rmt~cus10 : 31, fnoluotea,

DEUTERONOMY 18:1 2 - 2 0

616

~
teller of eventsBar anyone who inquires of the Z L 1Q:Sl
35
325
1
dead.O0 l P For everybody doing these things is nl.fa a:3
something detestable t o Jehovah, and on ac- I F f i
count of these detestable things Jehovah your
God is driving them away from before youa *ggi24
l3 You should prove yourself fadtless uTi
th JehedGe 8:9
vah OW G0d.O
C;C 17:l
14 "For these nations whom you are dispos- :{%::&
sessing used to listen to those practicing magic'
and to those who divine,' but, as far you, Jehom " M ~ H : ~ O
vah your God has not givens you anything like ' ~ ~ ! l ' ? ~1
this.'
prophetBfrom your QIWI midst, from 'D":'':lo
21:S
your brothers, like me, is what Jehovaha your
God will raise up for you-to Aim you people
sllould listenz- l8 in response to all that you 3beml
asked of Jehovahb your God in He'reb' on tbe zg:?!;::
day of t h e congregation,' saying, 'Donot let me 2 T;jty
h4ar again the voice of Jehovaho my God and fAt; +;L
this great fire do not let me see m y more, that
I may not die." IT A t that Jehovah said t o me,;;;~;k:
'They have done well in speaking what they nciI:lr
did." Is A prophetn I shall raise up for them TE: $;,:
from the midst of their brothers, like you,'
and I shall indeed put my words in his mouth"
;~;4;;g I
and he miIl certainly speak to them all that I
;I$;
;,;s
shall command hirn.t "%d it must occur that IM 5:;
the man who will not listen to my words that !;,"!;%
he will speak in my name, I shall myself re- k,[;:\: :{9
quire an account from hirn.u
s J~( >GI ISO:.^
:~.3rS
3
20 " TIonwer, the prophet who presumes to ,j:;ii7:g
speak in my name a word that I have not corn- ,J,;'>i::5

'@/:;Lz

:;

I;;z:~;:l,':,,

"allorred." b 'cJehorah.'"n~t~ad of the Qreck word Ky'~i.09

tlw papyrus fra,ment of the 2d century R.C. h o ~ ns
n P. 1:onnrl
Inrent01-y So. 266, of the Grcek 8 ~ p ' i n . n ~ g i w tI'r~sion, hns the
four-fetter Hebrew word (En-, PII'llTI) for God's name Ilerp.
See verge 5, footnotea.
a Or,

617
DEUTERONOMY 18:21-19 :6
manded him t o speakv or who speaks in the
vn613:1
Yep 1 4 : t l
name of other gods," that prophet must die.=
s@rz;:rs
ELC 1 3 : ~
zccln:a
And in case you should say in your heart:
Alt 7:15
shall we know the word that Jehovah
lnl 15:1 /"HOW
11C1 1R.19

has not ~ p o k e n ? " ~ when the prophet speak3

,?I;'; :,:i3in the name of Jehovah" and the word does
word
;;;I,o;,~
, not occur or come true: that is +&the
.JCI25 1 1 that Jehovah did not speak. With prmmptumust not
+j;;z;:Tousness the prophet spoke it."ou
get frlghtcned at 31im.'
"When Jehovah your God cuts off the
nations whose land Jehovah your God is
giving you and you have dispossessed t h a n and
+ns&lo
have dwelt In their cities and their houses,*
DB 7.1
Do 12.1
no 12120 a you will set s p ~ r tthree cities for yourself in
PICK 21:13
the midst of your land that Jehovah your God
is giving you to take possession of it.$ You
,
o ~ ~ ~will
: ~prepare
~ : ~ for yourself the wap-nd
you
must
divide
up the territory' of your land that
%;;l
o
r ~ i ~ n : . l a Jehovah your God proceeded to give you as n
1411 c;n:ia
I?& 12:19 possession into three parts, and it must be f o r
CJog 20:Qny
manslayer3 to flee there.
4 "Now this is t h e case of the manslayer who
may flee there and has t o live: When he strikes
"~ar 20:s his fellow man without knowingEit and he was
no hater of him formerly,* or when he goes
with his fellow men into the moods t o gathera
~voociand his hand has been raised to strike
7mB:da with the ax to cut the treeo and the iron" has
:D? 27:s
.2kl6:5
slipped off from the ivooden handle' and i t has
I ~ i this fellow man and he has died, he himself
I p?:::E should flee to one of these cities and must live.'
n w u 3:,[2 '. Qthenvise, the avengerm of bloodb may, be.Inn2:r:J
?ab
~7
cause his heart ts hot, chase after the manslayer
Jpr2

.,

19

,,:,,

;:

Or, "cut." "Or, i6'tho el of blood," 31; "the avenger of the

blood,"' LA=; "the n ~ i glbor of him w h o s ~blood wns shed," 1-g.

?'

DEUTERONOMY 19:7-14

6 18

619

and mrtainIy overtake him, since the way is

great, and he n a y indeed strike his soul fatally,&
whereas there is no sentence of death for him,
lmcause he was no hater of him formerly. :That
is why I am mmrnandhg you, saying, 'Three
NU =:I4
cities you will set apart for yourself .'r
Drr 4:4E
8 "And if Jehovah your God should widen out
your territory according to what he swore to
g;:
your forefathers and he has given you dl the land
;
:
that he promised to give to your farefatl~ers,~J1e :1::1j .:t
because you rvill keep all this commandment, %,'f;$'
that 1 am commanding you today by doing it, to tjj:rG2i
love Jehovah your God and t o walk in his ways
:!;;Sf:;?,,
always,t then you must add three other cities \.l>c 21 H
:I 113
for yourself to these three1l1'"hat ns innoc~nt 2iil
214 :I:,I
I,.; 0:,21
bloodV may be spilled in the midst of your land I.,. (;.I;.
that Jehovah your God is giving you as an in- &:TkT
Iieritance and no bloodguilth has t o be upon you. i;;;::,fA,
11 "But in case there should happen t o be a
$:{,
man hating his fellow0 man and he has lain in \;C$;,'
wait for him and has risen up against him and ;?$;
struck his soulc fatally and he has died" and the ~ rD{:IT
.
7,";
m m has fled to one of these cities, l2 thm the a.lrcl
1r;L 2 l q
older men of his city must send and take him
from there and they must deliver him into the F;
hand of the avenges of blood" and he must d i e . ~C;;; T,;TI
'"our
eye should not feel sorry for him,=and'
,;:
you must clear away the guilt 005 innocent blood k
DF ii:q
out of Israel, that you may have goodan
:ba zl.1
:'SR
2r.t~
14 "You must not move back the boundary ~1 i iLl X2: I31T ~
marksAof your fellow man, when the ancestors $;?2.!_.:
rviZl have set the hundaries in your inheritance &R',';:

7;

,1z!z18'
$:;:,

Literally, "strike him to the son1 " >I; "'strike his mul," L.LTTTg.
"bloods." "Foul.."
)tcpAJesij; LLP, psy.cht;'; scc
rerse 0, foobotea. Or, %e ,goyel of blood," M ; "the avengcw o f
the blood," ZCX; "the neighbor of him w h ~ s eblood was sl~r-11,"VN,

b literally,

DEUTERONOMY 19:15--20:3

that you wH1 inherit in the land that Jehovah

your Gad Is giving you t o take possession af it.
15 "No single witness should rise up against
a
man respecting any iniquity' or any sin, in
r$:B;g
ue 1;:e
the case of any sin that he rnay commit. At the
1r;L 21
h ~ ItC : I I I mouth of two witnesses or at the mouth of three
h [ t 2fl:GO
Mtnesse9 the matter should stand good.$ Is In
Jnh n.1;
Y:n 1.3 1
, : e :i :? mse a witness scheming wrong should rise up
. ~ f ~ ~ . ~against
' , : ' ~ ma man to bring a charge of revolt
ngninst
him,' then the two men who have the
I -, 2::12
Ipi
23:13
~ ! I . I J : ? G dispute must stand before Jehovah, before the
,\c G.1.5
priests3 and the judges0 who will be acting in
P
1
.
nl)e 21 :P
c r a . ~ ; : : ~ those days." aYAndthe judges must search
1 >r;!I ::>
th~ro~ghly,'
and if the witness is a false witness
,
nand has brought a false charge against his
g2:;!8
~ 0 1 ?l:l6
)
brother, then rw must do to him just as he
e r r 3(1..7
PY lo.(\
had scl~emedts do t o his brother,* and you must
J r r 1.1.16
clear away what ia bad from your midst.' " So
T I
"Jrb I k , 5
I,,, 21 21 those who remain will hear and be afraid and
1 ;77:13; they will never again do anything bacl like this
in your midstnu" And your eye should not feel
138 21 :21
1
sorry;*
soul will be for souIln eye for eye, tooth
t#l>fl l!lm13
I
el.:^ 21:w for tooth, hand for hand, foot fox f0ot.O
r .v p1.20
"In case you should go out to the battle
n t c :ir
r Ilc 30:i
against your enemies0 and you have seen
pJo8 11:4
h
o
m
g
p
and warp chariots, a people more numer'Nu !23:21
D P Z : ~ ? ous than you, you must not be afraid of them,
I N :It .G
for Jehovah your God is with you. who brought
J, r ; ; ~ .
gj! 5';' you up out of the land of Egypt: = And it must
''*
IT*I 'CG:7
s . 7 ~ occur that when You have dram near to the
jo 3
battle, then the priest must approach and speak
X u 3 1 .O
the people.* And he must say to them, 'Hear,
J1 820.2~
;;:18
~ to
0 Israel, wow are drawing new teday fathe batI?,, .40:7
?C'ir 1?:12
tlc against YOUR enemies. Do not let YOUR hearts
,:,
,I?n
,, 35,; ,,,, sink.' Do not be afraid and run in panic or shud'.Soul." TI, nepk'ceh; LXX, psy.clt?'; Vg, o1lri.trro. Or, "life."

20

4 1

DEUTERONOMY 20 :4-12

620

mcn$A&12

der because of them,* for Jehovah POUR God Is

marching with YOU t o fight for uau against
$:;*I:<
:?; 1.1:14
YOWR enemies so as to save YOU."
5 ' T h e officers,' too, must speak to the peo- uc 32,no
pie, saying, 'M%o is the man that has builto a
new house and has not inaugurated it?" Let ~c 1fi:'la
6.15
him go and return to his house, for fear he may mEzr
5 r 12.2:
die in the battle and another man should inaugurate it. BAnd who is the man that has
planted a vineyardE and not begun to use it?" EEz&
Let him go and return to his house, for fear he
may die in the battle and another man should ;;~-;y
begin to use it.' 'And who is t h e man that has rmmZa
become engaged to a woman and has not taken
her? Let him got and return to his house, for te;jj;,
fear he may die in the battle and another man
should take her.Iu And the oficersv must speak D,:; E:
further to the people and say, 'Who is the man w e JG:~R
that is fearful and fainthearted?" Let him go njF,:j2q
and return to his house, that he may not cause Lu ~2
the hearts of his brothers to melt as his own
henrt.'y %d it must occur that when the offi- N' ":]?:?'
cers have finished speaking to the people, then ~ ~ ~ f & Q
they must appoint chiefsa" of the armies at the mJx 4:2
head of the p e ~ p l e . ~
10 "In case you should draw near to .s aityd O D e m 8
te fight s~gainstit, then you rnmt announce t o
it terms of peace.%I1 And it must occur that if
it should give a peaceful answer to you and it
has opened up to you, then it rnust occur that
all the people found in it should become ymn
for forced labor and they must serve you.= JOSKQ
"But if it will not make peace with you and $X:%?m
it has made war with you and you have t o be- i ~ : ~ y ~
m"Chiek" M, anrim'. baThen ealcb one will prepare hie w d g ~

,
a:,,

shaped di+.ions

to do battle,''

Tg+

siege it, I n then Jehovaha your God will certainly give it into your hand and you must strike
Ah-ua1!7
IICI 1 1 : t ~ every mnle in it with the edge of the mortl."
Only the womend and t h e little children- and
~3
I,U 1s:n
r r h t:q
the domestic animalsa and everything that hapI S u 31.18
pens t.o be in the city, all its spoil* you wiLl plun.st,a,:g
*JuU 8:2
der for yourself, and you must eat the spoil of
b N r l . l l 12
,
$7, $!\:! your enemies, whom Jehovah your God has
to you.'
:;b&ysp given
a ~ o 22,s
15 "That is the way you will do to aH the
cities very far away from you that are not of
the cities of these nations. l b It is only of the
*XU 21 ,a
J 0 ~ f l : 1 7 cities" of t h e e peoples that Jehovah your God
you as m inheritance that you mst
i:,: 2T.E isnotgiving
preserve'
any breathingo thingb alive, l7 betjz; y;30
cause you should without fail devote them ta destruction, t h e Hit'tites- and the h k r - i t e s ? the
I N u 21:a Catnaan.itc;sland the Peldizmzites,m
the Hi'vitesn
1 1 l J r l ~n.1
~ l 7:1
rup
i2:{;38
: ~ and the Jeb'u.sites,l' just ns Jehovah your God
has c o r n m ~ n d ~you,
d * in order t h a t they may
OJrM
not teacho k-ov t o do according t o all their deODn 25:1g
teatable".htngs, which they have done to their
~ o d sand
, you may indeed sin against Jehovaha

HEX84:13 y O y ~
G ~ ~ ,
UO 7:.1
19
"In cRse
F'H 10tl:35
Jua23:13

you should lay siege t o a city

many days by fighting against it so as t o capture
it, you must not ruin its trees by wielding an
tMts:10
axt against them, for you should eat from
and you must not cut them dom, for is
u$~;?~9
1.t~ 1x7
the tree of the field a man t o be besieged by
8 "Jrho~~nh,"
Ifn thp pnpym~frng~nrnt of the P.Found In~entarg
So. 906 of the G m k Svpt~rr.crgiurof rhc Pd century R.C., the Greek
wort1 I<gfri,oa ( " J ~ r d " )docs nor. or*cr~rIvrc ns FI tr~ndationof the
nninr i n IIsbrcr~~.In~tentl, the TT~brrw tcitra~arumaton (n:?'?
TJ11FTI) for Jchovnh's nmne apppnrs hodily in the Greek text.
Keo ntb~~tero~~otity
18: 5 , footnntcu. b*'AnyIlreathing thing,'' LZL
Li ternlly, "nng hrenth," 3lFamXy.

DEUTERONOMY 20 :20-21 :6

622

youYa so Only a tree that you know is not a tree v&2;j5

for food, it is the one you should ruin and you
must cut it down and build bulmarltsv gain st 2p,T;x3
the city that is making war'' with you, until it ;~:y;\~
ZE 1.1
QSor 5.4

"In case somesne should be found slain

on the ground that Jehovah" your God

29:13

is giving you to take possession of it, fallen on

the field, and it has not become known who
struck him fatally," then your older men and
your judges'^ must go out and measure to the
cities that are all around the slain one, a and it
must prove t o be the city nearest to the dain
one, Sa the older men of that city must take a
young cowr: af the herd that has not been m ~ u l ~ ~
worked mith,c that has not pulled in a yoke,""
' and the alder men of that city must lead the
young cow dotvn to a torrent valley running
with water in which there was customarily no
tilling o r sowing of seed, and they must break
the neck of the young cow there in the torrent
valley.
5 "And the priests the sons of be'vi must
approach, because they are the ones Jehovah tne
your God has chosen to ministerCto himPand t o ;&ilF;"i$.i
bless' in the name of Jehovah" and at whose ,L$h&,i;;s
mouth every dispute over every violent deedd
::1: ;.
shouId be disposed oKe Then alI the older men
I!~.I 2
of that city rvhe are nearest to the slain one %";",";i;lj'
should wash' their hands over the young WIV, :Xkli.$&
'

;;z8

:JDcCrT$

rgh

Lrit e ~ a d l ; "a
~ , man to come into the siege before you 9" b Or. " p m
Possibly, through :horndingn possible error in the I-TI?~>I'~W
verb's rndienls. i t -.bonld read : '*that hns not been m r d (tlmt i ~ ,
mated; impwgmted)." See Betrts Teslatn~trlrrm,Vol. 11, No, 41,
Octol~er19.72,page 356. a L i k d l g , "overy dispute nad wery vialent deed." But with this hmdindys compare Uenbosis 3: 16, footnotes.
4

rFomu."

the neck of which was broken in the torrent

valley, :and they must answer and say, Qur
hands did not shed this blood, neither did our
eyes see It shed.rrWDo not set it t o the account
$
'
;
"
,
3
4
2
8
zSn4:9
'01 your people Israel whom you rdeemed," 0
cJga:32 Jehovah? and clo not put the gum of innocent
'Nu
2KI 325:3
5:39 blood* in fJ5e rnidst of your people Israel.' Then
the bloodguilt must not be set to their account.
Jvr
b e 22k.3
535
E : ~ C: L : a
And you-you will clear away the guilt of
Jon I, 14
innocent blood fmm p u r midst,' because you
1 1 ,I 5
t I>P lai.l'K will do what is right in Jehox'ahk eyes."
ln:t~
21i1111:30
10 "In case you should go out to the battle
,,asao:la agsinst your enemies and Jehovah your God
ha9 given them into your handn and you have
$$?$;;
C J K 5::2
carried them away captivenc l1 and you have
seen among the captives a woman beautiful in
form nncl you have gotten attached to herr and
rg;;;?
J 1n.2
talcen her for your wife,H 1 2 then you must bring
*Xuii:'8
her into the midst of your house. She must now
@JOB 21s
shave her head" and attend to her nails, l3and
llco 1 1 4
remove the gnrment of her captivity fTom off
~ p 452
h
her and dwelt in your house and weep for her
\rpn63:10 father and her mother a whole month,bu and
after that you should have relations with her
and you must take possession of her as your
bride and she mmt bemme your wife. " And it
must occur that if you have found no delight
III her, then you must send her away agreeably
to her own soul,^ but you must by no means sell
her for money." You must not deal 'tyranniwy
i.:x23:30
with her after you have humiliated her.".
I.:u 21 : I 1
15 r r I n ~ ~ e a m a n s h o u l d c o m e t o h a v e t w o
wjcne 1y:zq
Jl:Z
c ~ t ) s. . l a
wives," the one loved and the other hated, and
"It shed," Thrae n*ortls hnrs hran inn~rtcdta complete the sense.
Ltcxnlly, "ln n~nntho f dap." a Or, "to (far) herself; where she
mislw~." LJI;TTg, ' . f r ~ r ! ~313amSy, I16nnpC.sJ/ah',

DEUTERONOMY 21:16-23

624

625

re b:m
they, the loved one and the hated one, have Ycc
c ~:RB
borne sons to him, and the first-born son has
il:,:ro
come to be of the hated one,r then it must v":(n
1 1 :12
mcur that in the day that he gives as an in- 2C.h
zt-1121::1
heritmce to his sons what he happens to have ' ~ i ~ ~ ~
h e will not be allowed t o csnstjtule the son of jsk ;;:
tlie loved one his first-bornc at the expense of
the hated one's son, the first-born.# " For he pf:,s;!
sllould recognize as the first-born the h ~ t e d I l r b 1 n : i u
one's son by giving him two parts in everything *::',!Gl?'l
he is found to have,O because that one is t h be~
ginning of his generative power." The right of ',!; :,';Afi
E'F ml'a
the first-born" position belongs to him.#
Pr ?It17
18 "In case a man should happen to have a
:?::
son who is stubborn and rehelIjous,'' he not lis- P?!'~'I'?I~
Iening to the volce of his father or the voice of
his motherte and they have corrected him but
E:!:
he will not listen to them,"lU
then his father and L;r;;;
his mother must take hoId of him and bring him H>;!;";
out t o the alder men of his city and t o t h e gate -PI. i,'i{;;:'r~
of his placeR2 o and they must say t o the older
4;:;
men of his city, 'This son of ours Is stubborn n;1:2:!'
and rekllious, he is not listening t o aur voice,* i;?;;;:
k i n g a gluttona1 and a drunkard.Jm Then all ;;:;I;;
nr 17.5
the men of his city must stone him with stonesmr:je
1.1:5
and he must die. So you must clear away what nlw1e1.is
is bad from your
and all Israel will hear
:1T'
and jndeed become afraid.3s
I IYII 31%
25.5
22 "And in case there should come t o be fn a 2;; ?;2,8
man an offense deserving the sentence of death; ; ;1( g;
and he has been put t o deatht and you have hung
7
;:; g
him upon a ~ t a k e 23, his
~ ~dead body should not ?$;
,I,>IIIT23
stay all night on the stake,v but you should by '&;ii?b
all means buw him on that day, because some- ,$F3":i1
Or, "being lavish+" b Gtwallq; "tree." The hanging on tho stake '

;Lz;;:

I ~

$!!a??

E:;

,:?;
+!)I%

followed the putting of one to death.

eFe 8:17
Le 22:28
Ne 9:6
Ps 36:6
Pa 1459
Pr 12:lO
h I t 10:23

DEUTERONOMY 22 :1-7

thing accurseda of God is the one hung

and you must not defile your soil whfch Jehovah
your God is giving you as an inheritance.Y
"You must not see the ox of your brother
or his shmp straying about and deliberately wlthdra~v"from t l ~ e r n .You
~ should by all
means lead them back t o your brotherac And
if your brother la not n e w you and you have
not got t o know him, then you must bring it
home into the rnldst of your house and it must
continue with you until your brother has
searched for it. Then you must return it to
him.& That Is the way, too, that you will do
with his ass and that is the way you wil! da with
his garment and that Is the way you \\-ill do
tvith anything lost of your brother's, which gets
lost from him and which you have found.+You
will not be allowed l o withdraw yourself.
4 "You must not see the RSS of your brother
or his ox fall down on the road and deliberately
withdraw from them. You should by all means
help him raise them up.'
5 "No man" garb should be put upon a woman, neither should a man wear the garmentwof
a woman, far anybody doing these things is
something detestable to Jehovah your God.@
6 "In case a bird'$ nest should happen to be
before you in t h e way, In any tree or on the
earth wit11 young ones' or eggs and the mother
is sitting upon the young onrs or the eggs, you
must not take t h e mother along with the offspring.* TYou should by all means send the
mother away but you may take the offspring
for yourself, in order that it may go well with

22

* Literdly,

'%beme a maEecIictbn," mnlediotion being meant here

in n concrete senee. $ Or, "hide ~'oumeEB,"

626

DEUTERONOMY 22~8-I8

627

you and you may indeed lengthen your days.' *-4:40

8 "In case you should build a new house, then
you must make a parapet for your mf,s that l m n h
lW3
you may not place b l d g u i l t a m upon your house Jcr
I:, ao:z?
because someone fdIing night fall from it.
?:%$
9 "Youmust not sowe your vineyado with two
kinds of seed,r for fear that the full produce of y;:2$;i2B
the seed that you might sow and the product of ;!:;:;
the vineyard may be forfeited t o the sancluasy.'' r1.o 1!i:i9
10 "Youmust not plow with an ax and an ass
11x
8:1
04
together.g
I1 "You must not wear mixed stuff of two1
t ~ 18:1e
a
and linen t0gether.t
12 'You should make tassels for yourself on
t h e four exfiemities of your clothing with which

the older menz of that city must take the man

and discipline him. And they must fine him a
hundred silver shekelsmand give them to the
girl's father, twcnuw he brought forth a bad
name upon a virgin' of Isr~el,and she will continue t o be his-wife. He will not be allowed to

,, ,,,

,"$;<z,

you mves y0urself.u

UNU
nit 23:a
l%3
13 "In case a man should take a ~ v i f eand he
h ~ had
s relations with her and has come to hate
her,^ and he has charged her with notorious v
~
deeds and brought forth a bad name upon her :,r$;f1
and has said, 'This is t h e woman I have taken, ;$jl;:g;b
and I proceeded t o go near her and I did not flnd
evidence of virginity in her,'v*"'"then
the fat her wm
ET 2:1:1
2018
of the girl and her mother must take and bring ;:;;:;;,;
forth the widmce of t h e girl's virginity t o the
rn 2 5 3
older men of the city at the gate of i t , Y nnd yDemlB
the girl's father must say to the older men, 'I
gave my daughter t o this man as a wife and he
went t o hatine her. l7 h d here he is charging
her with noto~iousdeeds, saying : "I have found

your daughter does not have evidence of virginity." Now this is the evidence of my daughter's virginity.' Then they must spread out the
garment before the older men of the city. lH
And

Literally, "bloods."* Literally, "mn!:

ba holy"; tbat

the wnctuaryk share." Or, "disdnining."

54,

DEUTERONOMY 22 :1%25

divorcea her all his

20 "If,though, this t h h g has proved ta be I
the truth,0" evidence of virginity wns not found
.hlL 19:8
= J o g 2:12
in t h e girl, then they mttsl; brfng t h e girl out
L D e 17:4
cLe24:16 to the entrance of her father's house and the X u 1556
Dr 1J:IU men of her city must pelt her with stonesSand
De 17::
C J O 8 5:-!
she must die,- because she has committed a
+Ge X:;
Le 21:9 disgaceful folly in Israel by committing pmstiJ R M:6
JE W:IO tution in the house of her father: So you must
2Sa 13:lZ
clear away what is bad from your midst.*
eDc 17:s
D t 17:i
22 "In case R man should be found cohabiting .
Dc 19:X9
CDe 24:4
xvith a wornan owned" by an owner," then both *Ex20:14
LC 2Q:lO~ of them
~Nu
f
~must die together, t h e man cohabiting
8%'
Eze 2.345 with the woman and the woman.' So you must I'
hlal3 :5
clear away what is bad out of Israel.
hlt 5 2 7
1Co 7:2
23 "In case there h~ppenedto be a virgin girl
Heb 13:4
*De 20:7
engaged"to a man and a man has found her in
31t 1:18
'We 5:19
the city and cohabited with her,' *d f hen YOU
must bring them both out to the gate of that
city and pelt them with stones and they must
die,' the girl for the reason that she did not
scream in the city and t h e man for the reason
that he humiliated t h e wife of his fellow man.'"
So you must clear away what is evil from your
midst."
25 "If, however, It should be in the field that
the man found the glrl who w a ~engaged and
*=:I&
the man grabbed hold of herr and cohabited
ZDe 2229
DLe 21:7
h-u 30.9
De 2 4 3

I
I

J.

'-

1
1

"fall to'

! 'Tg, "~ilver

"Owned," that is, ma

; Jf Sam, "silver pieces"; LXX, 't~hekels."

rt wife.

629

DEUTERONOMY 23:5-13

aid with bread' and water in the way when YOU

with her, then the man who cohabited with her
1 were going out of Egypte and because they hireda
must die by himself, " and to the girl you must
against you BarlaamVhe son of Beror from
do nothing. The girl has no sin deserving of
*NU22:s
Pe'thor
of Mes-o.po.tatmi-abto call donm evil
death, because just as when a man rises up
Mu 22:6
Jos 2 4 9 upon you." And Jehovah your God did n o t want
against his fellow man and indeed murders him,
X e 13:2
even a soul," so it is with this case. " For it was
+ N U 2235 to listen to Ba'laam,# but Jehovah your God in
cDe 2733
your behalf changed the maledictionm into a
in the field that he found her. T h e girl who was
blessing," because Jehovah your God lovedCyou.'
engaged screamed, but there was no one to resT o u must not work forc their peace and their
cue her.
prosperity5 all your days to t h e indefinite."
28 "In case a man should find a girl, a virgin
who has not been engaged, and he has seized
7 "You must not detest an E'd~rn.ite,~O
for
her and cohabited with her and they have been
he is your brother."
found out,t 29 then the man who cohabited with t a 2 2 : ~
"You must not detest an Egyptian, for you
her must give the girl's father fifty silver
became a temporary resident in his country.'
shekelsb and she will become his wife due to
# T h e sons that may be born as their third
the fact that he humiliated her.u He will not a@34:2
generationes may come for themselves into the
be allowed t o divorce3 her all his days.cv
congregation of Jehovah.
W
V D
e a4:1
2a:lg
~
30 "No man shouId take his father's w i f e , m wLy&8;;
9 "In case you should go out into camp
that he may not uncover the skirt of his fatherOdr
against your enemies, then you must keep your~
2
;
;
"No man castratedz by crushing the testi- RU 3:9
self from wery bad thing. lo In case there should
cles' or having his male member cut off ,E,"i:f
happen to be in y o u a man who does not conmay come into the congregationemof Jehovah. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : : tinue
$ clean, because of a pollution that occurs: at
2 '"0 illegitimate son may come into the ,Fa;$%
GDe 2931 night, then he must go outside the campot He
t t e 15:16
congregatione of Jehovah. Even to the tenth
lSa B:26 may not come into the midst of the camp. And
generation none of his may come into the conit must occur that at the falling of evening0 he
gregation of Jehovah.
should wash with water and at the setting of
1272
3 "No Amrmon.iteo or Mo'ab.itef may come
the sun he may come into the midst of the
into the congregation of Jehovah4 Even to the
campu la And a private placef should be at your
tenth generation none of theirs may come into
service
outside the camp, and you must go out
the congregation of Jehovah to time" indefinite, w'JOS "7
there. Is And a peg should be at your service
for the reason that they did not come to YOUR
along with your implements,g and i t must occur

23

c&$&

'$$iO

~~~~~

''Silr~r
a nrSoul," 31, steph'esk ; L T X , py.chd';
T,a, atni.?nfl.
~hekels,"Tg ; "siher di-drachmas, L X X ; "silver pieees,"I!T. Chapter 22 ends with this vwse i n MPam. d Or, "not lie with his fnther's
~vifc." e"Congegation." L X X T g , "ec.cle7si.a." See Deuterononly
4 : 10,footnoted. 1 "Anl'mznon.ite or Afo'nb.ite.'j T h ~ names
e
are in
the m ~ ~ c u l i ngender,
c
possibly refemng only to the males,

"They hired," LXYTg; "hehired {or, thcrc was hired) ," MSamSy.
'(>Ie~.o.po.ta'lni.a~LLU; ~"Rie~.o.po.tn'ml.nof Syria," T g ;
'(A'rarn Xa.ha.ratim," NGamSy. C Or, "not ask about." d Or, "1.d~maekn." 01; "as their great-grandsons." * Or, "a priPy." g Or,
"on our tools," 31; "on your belt," L X X V g .

631
that when you squat outside, then you must dig
a hole with it and turn and cover your excrelfFor Jehovah your God is walking vJg 3 2 4
about within your camp t o delivero youw and O,"A2z;f&
ta abandon your enemies to you, and your camp ace 6 :
3:5
must prove to be holy,Y that he may see nothing

DEUTERONOMY 23 :21-24 :4

21 'Tncase you shouId vow a vow to Jehovah

your God, you must not be slow about paying
l g2
~3" it,] because Jehovah your God will without fail
xu so.2 require it of you and it would indeed become a
Sob 22:27
FS 6 0 : ~ sin on your part.m 2Z But in case you should omit
Ec 5:4
making a vow it will not become a sin on your'
n?Ec 5.6
part.n 2s The utterance of your lips you should
":,r,l:i$ keepr and you must do just as you have vowed

indecentmin you and certainly turn away from

accompanying you.
1Sa14:M to Jehovah your God as a voluntary offering
15 "Yau must not hand over a slave t o his
that you spoke of with your mouths
masterbawhen he escapes from his masterb to 3J919:ll
S:;,S,:::~:
a c 2392
24 ''In case you should go into the vineyard
Z
~
Y
A
Q
:
~
~
you." With you he will keep on dwelling in
of your fellow man, then you must eat enough
among you in whatever place he may choose in oIga 16:3
' D e m 4 grapes3 for you to satisfy your soul,* but you
one of your cities,cD wherever he likes. You K E ~ 2 2 : 2 l
E r 233
must not put my into a receptacle of yours.
must not maltreat him.*
Jer 7:F
Zec 7:10
25 "In case you should go into the standing
17 "None of the daughters of Israel may be- M a l 3 : 5
grain
of your fellow man, then you must pluck
come a temple prostit~te,~
neither may anyone
off
the
ripe ears with your hand, but the sickle
of the sons of Israel become a sod'om.ite.d+ fgEi:5
you
must
not swing to and f r o upon the standIs You must not bring the hiree of a prosti.tutee
$;;;7
ing
grain
of your fellow mm.u
or t h e price of a dogfminto the house of Jeho- g;sZig
"In
m e a man should take a woman and
vaROyour God for any vow,' because they are +Ge
19:s
vDe 92:13
Jg 19:22
has made her his possession as a wife,
der
""'I3 8
something detestable t o Jehovah your God, wen 11ri14:za
1ICi 15:12
then it must occur that if she should find no
both of them.
Ro 1:27
"J~6:17 favormin his eyes because he has found someICo 6:9
19 "You must not make your brother pay in- 1Ti I:IO
thing indecentbn her part,vthen he must write
OJos 7:2L
terest,* interest on money? interest on food,O CJob38:41
out a certificate of divorcec for herWand put it
;%p51"6:4
1633
interest on anything on which one may claim @Eze
22:25
in her hand and dismiss her from his h0use.Y
>;;;;g;6
interest. 20 You may make a foreigner* pay in- kji g5j3"
zLe 21:7 l a SO she must go out of his house and go and
Eze 44:22
terest, but you mt~stnot make your brother pay Pse15:s
nfr 5 3 2 become another rnankz If the latter man has
IS:^
interest, in order that Jehovah your God may 9k!i3:3
2;; gii' come t o hate her and has writtenz out w certificate of divorce" for her and put it in her hand
bless you in every undertaking of yours on the ZZi",'
,
and dismissed her from his house or in case the
land to which you are going so as to take pos- *,D,e1':$
lat.ter man who took her as his wife should die,
session of it.'
Isa
LU 1:~s
14:14
~ 1 1the first owner3 of her who dismissed her wiIZ
8 Literally, "see the nakednms of something?> b"Mrtsker."
If,@.donot be allowed t o take her back again to become

o$,"s:"31

24

nitn', the plural naml~erof a,ddnr, the plural of excellence. c Literally, "your gatw." Or, "oatJa.mite.l' s Or, "harlot?' f OT, "ped'erast,'! likely.

"

'Or,

b Literdly,

self." MSarn, aeplresh; LXX, psy.cht?t; By, leapiitsha.

"the nakedness of a thin$'

DEUTERONOMY 24 :5--10

632

hfs wIfe after she has been cIedledFAfor that is " J e 3 : 1

something detestable before Jehovah, and you
,14
must not lead the land that JehovahAyour God ,,' ~ ,ab:7
e
Is giving you as an inheritance into sin.
M r 19:5
~t
IO:~
5 "In case a man should take a new
he E","h7,:&\
should not go out into the army," nor should CJoes:14
anything else be imposd onto him. H e should
continue exempt at his house for one year and
he must gladden his wife whom he has taken.'
6 "No one shouldb seize a hand mill or Its -E:;g
upper grindstone as a pledge,9because it Is a @Exm=
soulo that he is seizing as a pledge.
7 "In case a man should be found kldnaplng*
a soul of his brothers of the sons of Israel and
he has dcalt 'tyrannically with him and sold
him," then that kidnaper must dIe. So you must :E gip
w e 19:20
clear away what is bad from your midst.'
De 2193.
8 "Re on your guard in the plagueo of lep- aoSn:17
rosy" to take good care and do according ta all G2Sa3.m
that the priests, the Levites,O \vlll instruct YOU,^ FFz I":;&
Just as I have commanded them, YOU should be
careful b do. There should be a remember- tu 1 7 : ~
inplan of what Jehovaha your God did to Mjr'i- 6F57;:;
am7 in the way when you were coming out of
Egypt.n

a
;?
;:
nXu 5:2
xu 12:lO

10 "In case you shouId lend your fellow man rue 15 8

a Ioan of m y
you must not enter into his '.?:'~yi~!
house to take from him what he has p l ~ d g e d . f;h2$;"
~
~",J~l~arnIi!'In the Fouad Pnp~mqI n r a ~ t o rNo,
~ 266, of the
Id rctitury B.V., of the G m k S e p trr.a.girir, thc U ~ w ksurd Eg'ri-ox

( " l ~ r t l " ) tlncn not appear here, but thc f n u r - l ~ t t e rIIebrew word
(;I!?*,
YHll'I-l), the tet.ragammaton ttlibt stnnrla for Jehovah's
I I M I I ~ P , n p p o m See Deuteronouty 1 R : 5 , fuott~oten.
"No one
~Imald," JlSntil; $'you must not." I+X.SyYf$. Or, "u1ean6 d ]if r."
.\I, ~ri9pl~'cdk L Z Y , ps!,.ch~'; X7g n'na.rlt(1. "Tl~crc~llouldh~ n reIllorn~roI-iny.'~?'he fiehsew ~ s r bwr
l ~ i a ia the infinitive absolste,

llcarc im persorial and indefinite n~ to time,

@
"

24:17
Job 22:8

Job 2 4 3
29:s

'1 You should stand on the outsjde and the man

to whom you are making a loan should bring the
pledge outside to you. lZAnd if t h e man is in
trouhle, you must not go to bed with his p1edge.t
YOUshould by all means return the pledge to
him as soon as the sun sets and he must go to
bed in his garmentau and he must bless you and

it will mean righteousness" for you before Jehov& your God.'

F-~.c1a.m
I.).* 3 I : I ~ 14 "YOU must not defrnud a hlred labarer
V ( ; v 1:n,fi
n , ~ti 21 who is in trouble and poor, whether of your
2'5 301~:31
brothers or of your temporary residents who
,
are in your land, within your gates," l q n his
clK1 6:8
WLQ nr;:Ao day you should give him his wagescv and the sun
xhl,'::yl should not set upon them, bec~usehe js in tmu$j;11<+:33 : ble and he is lifting up his soul to his wages,"
Jvr 12.13 that he may not cry out t o Jehovah against youo
m t 2u s
and it must become sin an your part.
J4hs :):.I
cl ) ~ . s ? , i 16 "Fathers3 should not he put to ddeatha on
ml'n 25;l
account of children and children should not bzl
I ' H(;:JL
~
c ~ ~ , ~ ~ ;put
2 & to deatha on account of fathers,&Each one
m : x g should be put t o deathh for Ills own sinec
,1<is,r-,i
' ')I* ?..lq
17 "You must not pervert the judgrnenl? of
:t ,I.21;::x
'"'.I
14:s
the
ternpoi-ary resident' or of the fatherless3
:[:!I 2 7 .b
.Ib,r:{: 20 boy,' and you must not seize the garment of a
( 1 .re 19.20
- I \ z..r widow as a pledge." Is And you must remember
151%I 2 : R
t h ~ YOU
t became a slave In Egypt nnd Jehovah
22:72
1~1,:s
22.22
,,,
your God proceeded t o redeem you from there.#
x13r:7
That is why I am cammancling you to do this
31111:I,-;
.\ 22 p,
thing.
C .I US 1:1 .R
c
: I ?
19 "In case you should map your harvestQ
r > o I? L5
L ~ P ~ I x : : In
~ yaur field' and you have forgotten a sheaf in
* t d P l(1::)
the field, you must not go back to get it.4It
I
should stay for the temporary resident, for the
cDe*z'
U E X 2?:~7
b7c 18::

,,
lh,

#!

'*Rlinu~ldnot be put to death," MSnm; "should 11ot d1c,l1 L - W S g .

-'H110uld b~ put to death," MSam; "should die,'"XXS;rTg.

DEUTERONOMY 24 :20-25 :5

634

fatherless boy and for the widotv,m in order

that Jehovah your God may bless you in every
deed of your handn
20 "'In case you shouId beat your dive3 tree,
you must not go over its boughsa folIowing up
yourself. It should stay for the temporary resia
dent, for the fatherless boy and for the wido\t~.r
21 "hcase you should gat he^ the grapes of
your vineyard, you must not gather the leftovers following up yourself. They should stay
for the temporary resident, for the fat herless
boy and for the widow.5 22 And you must rernember that you became a slave in the land of
Egypt.t That is why I am cornanding you ta tE: ?
!,:
do this thhig.
"In case a dispute should arise between
menu and t h e y have presented them. uDe18:17
selves for the judgment, then they must judge
them and pronounce the righteousQone inno- omm:4
cent1' and pronounce the wickedc one guiltyncv*lSna:@
' And it must occur that if the wicked one deserves t o be beaten," then the judgea must have :$?$$$$
him laid prostrate and given strokesy before nDr!p 717:18
17,s
him by number to correspond with his wicked
deed. "Wtih forty strokes he may beat him. He rr i;:lt;
shodd add none, for fear he should continue to ,ff?r'l:$:o
heat him 114th many strokes in addition t o $',I,-'$
\-I t 1Q I f
these2 and y o u brother must be disgraced in 3.3!t
27:26
.I< 5 : i O
)'our eyes.'
16 a
.
4 'Tou must not muzzle an ox while it is Z ~ C O11 24
L J a b lH:3
threshingp
Lf'r I ? 10
5 "In case brothers should dwell together and :k 2;b
one of them has died without his having a
the wife of the dead one should not become a 1-u :a

01; "not h o c k down [olives] horn the bougba.'' b Or,"righteons,"

Or, uwicked." d Liter*,
'(one is a son of beating."

DEUTERONOMY 25~6-14

strangea man's outside. Her brother-in-law

should go to her and he must take her as his
wife ~ n perform
d
brother-in-law marrlageB with
her.'
*Then
it
must
occur thett the first-born
'Oem:a
C e .w:~I
n u 1 9 2 whom she will bear should be reared in the
?!u 3:O
tru 4,s
name of his dead brother: t h a t his name may
er ;e 949
not be Motted out of Israel."
R U I ra
$?[I .l.E.l
7 "'New i f the man should flnd no delight in
9
taklng
his brother's rvidow, then his brother's
,
m H u b l . I widowmust:gouptothegatettotheoldermen*
and say, 'My husband's brother has refused to
preserve his brother's name in Israel. He has
not consented to perform brother-in-law mar@Jon k 3
r i a ~ ewith me.' "And the older men of hjs citp
must cn11 him and speak to him and he must
~tetndand say, T have found no delight in taking
,Ru
m r f:7
her.'* At that his brother's widow must apJoh In
proach him before the eyes of the older men
WII
flu '1.8
4:7
ovu 12:14 and draw his sandal" off his foot" and spit in
71nh:4kIO
I,, ,!,:,his face4 and answer and say, 'That is the way
;l
F$'g lt should be done t o the man who wlll not build
"1"a 2::t.i
up hls brother's househ~ld.'~
l o Hence his name
nlwt be called in Israel 'The house of the one
'R
who h ~ his
d sandal drawn oil'.+
11"In case men should struggle together Mth
one another and the wife of the m e has come
new to deliver3 her husband" out of the hand
:$?$A3
of the onc striking him, and has thrust out her
hand and grrthbed hold 05 him by his privates,
B D e 7:15
I: then you must amputate her handebYour eye
Ilc 17.8
nc l9'13 must feel: no sorrow."
ne 3q:21
l.;te~s;s 13"Youmlrstnotcometohaveinyourbag
.I9r 3 1 1
s ,&reat
~
one and a small
1,;4,t two sorts of \ ~ ~ e i g h t a
one.'
M
Y
~
u
m
u
s
t
:
n
o
come
t
tohaveinyourhouse
:3'&2d;i:

olK13!g

,. ,.,

25

635

%
,,

Litaall,v, "pnh?'
Or, "perfarm levinrte rnbrhg&"
"it] your bng n wcight nnd n wright,"

LitmUjr,

DEUTERONOMY 25 :15-26 :2

636

two sorts of e'phah~,~"

a great one and a small
one, l5 A weight accurate and just you ~ h o ~ l l d
continue to have. An e'phah accurate and just
you should continue t o have, in order that your
days may become long on t h e soil that Jehovah1'
your God is giving you.' l e For everyone doing
tllese things, every doer of injustice, is something detestableGto Jehovah your God.'
17 "Thereshould be a rememberingC3ofwhat K5:13
Arn'a-lekodid t o yon in the way when You were W
11111 18:12
coming out of Egypt,ml8 how he met you In the A1'1-m ll!l
8:7
l'l'h *I18
way and proceeded to strike in the rear of you tihEx
17:s
3 1 1 241:zo
all those straggling after you, while you were nxc
5:8
36-1
exhausted anand weary, and he did not fear God.n 1'5
Pr It, I3
'"And it must occur that when Jehovah your h 1 :1:1*
:'3:1
God has given you rest from all your enemies r*14>n
* I : N 17:14
1.k9:14
round about in the land that Jehovah your God J E 6:3
is giving you as an inheritance to take psses- J141722
14:48
153
sfon ef it,' you sl~oufdblot out the mention of ?:.kt
IS11 u:t4
Arnla.lck from under the heavens? You must IS11 30:1.

not forget.

4:13
F:Y 3:l.
Ku 7:lO

'in a basket and go t o the placer that Jehovah8

God will choose to have his name reside
there, *And you must come 2 0 the priest who
mill be acting in those days and say to him, 'I
must report today t o Jehovah yourb God that
n;;T&7;SI have come into the land that Jehovah swore
forefathersw to give t o us.'
pu;y8:;13 to 4our
"Then
the priest must take the Gasket out
yMt 523
h ~ ~t 3 . 1 9 of your hand and deposit it before the altar of
zGe 24:4
d
you must answer and
Ge 25:y Jehovah your G0d.Y "
e&m5
JOS IS:I
~h 6:6

,,

Ge 2 8 : ~

2rl century B,C., on the Greek SepPizl.n.gint, thr! word arculring

h e m ia, not the Greek word 1Cy'ri.os ('(Lord"), but the four-lctteio
Jlehrew word (h\;ll, 1-HWH) standing for Cfod'~nntlie, See DeuThe
tornnomy 18 : 5,footnotc&. "Thcrc gl~ouldbe n rr~ur~nheriiig,"
Ilcbrew verb h a is in the infinitive ahsolute, hence impersonal and
ittddlnitc ns to time.

say before

Jehovah your God, 'My father was

Syrian,Cx and he proceeded to go

Fa'$.&ad operishing
~ s ~ton Egypt' and t o reside2 there f o r a while

C ~
1
J 17.8
~ 4 6 3

with wry few in number,ll1but there he became

mEFis:n
h>e lo:= a great nation, mighty and numerous." " And
the

][!ti

''And it must occur that when at last you r . : ~o:la

R2:I
the land that Jehovah your :I3
1'.1 H3:XT
t
Z
u
God is giving you as an inheritance and you b e ti:15:2
I
1R:9
have taken possession of it and dwelt in it,' I t Ilc
1,: < 23 :19
" then you must take some of the first fruits" 1.0su2,12
of all the fruitage of the soil, which you wil1 :Iri Ikl2
.i..rz
,c:h 31:s
bring In from the land of yours that Jehovah N,!
tk35
your God is giving you, and you must put them lI 't r0 3::j
G:23
Ut~rally,9 n ).our house sn e'phah and an s'phni~.~' ? ~ b o \ ~ ~ h . "
I n the fragment of the Found Papyrufl I n v e ~ i t mNo,
~ 2(JR, of the

26 enter into

DEUTERONOMY 263-10

637

I
I

1
1

Egyptians went to treating us badly and

afflicting us and putting hard slavery upon us.'

'n.29-25
And we began to cry out to Jehovahe the God of
sEx 3:9
tPs 102:20 OUT forefathers* and Jehovah proceeded t o hear
~ " x 4 . 3 1 our voicet and to loolc an our affliction and our
C2KI 13:4
{,EX 13:s
trouble and our o p p r e s s l ~ n . ~
Finally
~
Jehovah
Dc 6 . 3
brought us out of Egypt with a strong handv and
l r c 5.6
~ r E x6,6
n, 4 : ~ an outstretched armw and with great awesome;2eEi9,nesss and with signs' m d w0nders.O "Then he
brought us to this place and gave us this land, a
,J,;++21
Imd flowing with milk and honeyv33 0 And now
=JOS
~ x~
3 ::3 1 4
PS 1 ~ : 4 4here I have brought the Arst fruits of the fruitEze 9 6
LDe 2 . 3 : ~ age sf the ground that Jehovah has given
t Ex 22:!Xi
"YOU must then deposit it before Jehovah
your God) and botv down before Jehovah3 your
3E;g:&
fl"Je1mvah." In tho frag~llrlltof tlic Fount1 Pnpyrus I n ~ e n t o r y
KO.266, of the 2d century U,G,, oY lie Orcdc Pnp'tn.n.glnt 17crsion,
the word oom~rringhcre is, not tllu ( ~ I ' P P ~word ~ij/'ri.os(trhrtl'')i
but the Hebrew tetmgren~ti~nton
(nlil', I'IXWll) fitnntliltg for God's
name. See Deut~ronoi~ay
13: 6, f o o t ~ ~ o t "YOUP:'
~ ~ ~ . MYnmSyTg;
* ' m ~ l LLT.
'
e Litemll?, "r~r.n.nlnc'nrr," J l S n ~ n ;"(My
~
fnther was
led to) A'ram," 5y; "(JLy fntlrcr enst ofY) SynaT LLY.

.a

And you must rejoicee over all the good

that Jehovah your God has given you and your +rMn 3
c < . ~
household, you and the b i t e and the tempo- I?!1.11'1
1's 32'11
rary resident who js in your midst."
I '*
,.'<
l'r
3 17
12 "'When you will finish with tithinp the
:3:12
entire tenthmof your produce In the third year,"
./Ti
the yea* of the tmth, then you must give itn to 53;c~",i:,:S
the Levite, the temporary resident, the fatherTi;
less0 boy and the widow, and they must eat It "h;
3rj{12m:lg
'I~c 11:24
within your gates and satisfy then1selves.1 And I r l I:#:
~ IS
you must say before Jehovah yottr God, '1 have "'l'":"'
cleared away what is holy from the hause and
X have alsa given i t t o the Levitem and the tern- m-14:m
porary resident, the fatherless b y i 1 and the nJ%,?;y\
wldaw,r in accord with all your commandment ?Jon 1:n
that you have cummanded me. I have n o t sidestepped your commandments, nor heve I lor- n,Bl
gotten." I have not eaten of It durlng my CC
rno~rning,~
nor have I removed my of it while z2$i:!
unclean, nor have I given any of it for anyone
dead. I have listened t o the voice af Jehovah" rJrla 1 1:R
my Gad. I have done in accord with all that you
11nve commanded me. '90
look down from
your help dwelling," the heavens, m d bless ",$?$!$
your people Israelv and the soil t h a t you Iinve %q*g$1g
$ven US just ~s YOU swore to our forefathers,
;:;WIICI)
;; ;6:;;13;
the land flowing with milk and honey.'
16 "This day Jehovah your lGod is cornmandIng you t o carly out these regulations and judlcia1 decisions,z and you must observea nnd carry a!$
them otd with all your heart and all your soul.
17Yocrmust induce Jehovah to say today that ,F~&$
uc~s:.~
he will grove himself your God while you walk
God.'

(T

4:r

in his waysA and observe his regulationsband

his commandments* and his judicial d e c i s i o d
xu 33715 and listen to his voice,' " As for Jehovah, he
+P3e 13.18
must lnduce you to say today that you will
6L8 3 ~ 7
$ 2 prove yourself his people," a special property,'
just as he has promised you,! rind that you will
DcBZ
*De 16:2 observe all his cornmnndments, '%and that he
133.:4
will put you high above all the other nations
7&!$&6;35 that he has made," cesultfng in praise3 and
reputation and beauty, while you prove yourm1ch
e 4 14.2
:7
self a people holy to Jehovah your God,n just
~sle"14
Jer133:ll
rzc16:12 a~ he has promised."
nEu 19:6
And Moses together with the older men
of Israel went on to command the pmpIe,
saying: "There sl~ouldbe an observinga of every
commandment that 1 am commanding TOW
flsU:32 today." And it must occur that in the day when
.YOU will cross t h e Jordanqnto the land that
SEE:;;
Jos 4 3
Jehovah" your God is giving youlL then you
t D e 26:l
must set up for youmelf great stones and whitewash them with Iime. and you must write
upon them all the words of this law when you
have crossed,tl fn orcler that you may enter into
go;f'gm the land that Jehovat~your God is giving you,
a land flonringwith milk and honey, according
what Jehovah the God of your forefathers
kk%gz to
has
spoken to you.v And it must occur that
NU
DBz6:g
1.2:s
when YOU haw crossed the Jordan YOU should
Jos6,6
Jcr 11:s
set up these stones, just 8s I am commanding
YOU today, in Mount E'bal,c+vand you must

Fmy;T
c~e~ 2lo:lr
e6 : 4 ~

;,
~~~~;,',,

."The yeeF of the tenth, then yon must give it," MSmn(TTgSy);
styouwill give t h e w n d tenth," LXX. b Or, "of it in my stnte of
tnhno,"

lles!&

mJE),",1,L29

"There shonld be an ohsemin~." T ~ nehrcw

Q
vfirh hnbeig in the in6nitive .shsalnte, henoe i s i m p c r ~ o n n lnnd indefiriit~as 10 time. "Jchavah." In tlie f r n g t n p ~ ~nl't ttir Fclurirl I'npy~-asTnvrnCory S o . 21ili,
of the 2d century B.G., of the Grrrk . V ~ p ' 1 1 i . ~ . , ~ i t ~word
f,
ucrnrring here is, not the Orcck word l i g ' r i . o ~(n.F4arrl"),hut the lEebr~w
tetragi-ammakin (171il9 Y.'l-Z\VIl) tor Ootl'rl; nnme. See Drukronomy
18: 5. footnofca, "~'hrd,*'MLXYSyYg; "l;erti.din," Smn.
f

whitewash them with lime. &You must also

build2 an altar" there to Jehovah your God, an tEgz
altar of st0nes.y You must not wield an ironC;p:,";:g
tool upon them.= With whole stones you should ZEX 2 0 : ~
build the altar of Jehovah your God and you
must offer burnto offerings* to Jehovah your
God on it, And you must sacrifice communion3 oJos22:z3
offerings3 and eat them there," and you must
d,:i
rejoiceo before Jehovah your God. And you 9De12:7
De 16:11
must writeo on the stones all the words of this OJos 8 3 2
+Be a:3
law,' making them quite clear."ae
mHal1 2:2
9 Then Moses and the priests, the Levites;
spoke to all Israel, saying: "Keep silent and # E 20:s
~
listen, O Israel, This day you have becomeb t h e J"eCr5j&
people of Jehovah your God." '"So you must
zit5
listen to the voice of Jehovah" your God and yE;E;&
carry out his commandments# and his regula- ;os$;a
tians,' which I am commanding you today," mEaVa:3g
nDe 11:29
11 And Moses went on t o command the people on that day, saying: " 'The follorving are t - e s N r l ~ : ~
the ones who will stand to bless t h e people on k"D",$3%~
Mount Ger'i.zim1 when YOU have crossed the $&
;B
Jordan: Sirn'e.ono and Le'vim and 3udaha and Eg,"g::,1
3398
Is'sa.char3 armd Joseph and I3enjamin.O laAnd one
oDe =:I2
t h e following are the ones who wiIl stand for
the malediction0 on Mount E'bal: Reu'ben,'
Gad0 and Ash'erA and Zeb'u+lunbo Dant and ;gEg$
Naph%a.li.o l4 And the Levites must answer and ODe #:a
say with raised voice to every man of I ~ r a e I :vg:g~$;!
15 " 'Cursedois the man who makes a carved One =:la
g 173
imageav or a molten statue," a Wling detestableE OY
OD, 32%
to Jehovah,Y the manufacture of the hands of a
Or, "explaining them well," Or, "There should be an explaining

Ie:i3l

:gf"s:;

pe;z::f;

of them well," The Hebrew verb here is in the infiniti~eabsolute,

hence is impersonal and indefinite as to time. "Yon have become."
3fortl literally, "you have been brought ta be.>'

OSos 20%

@Jos8:33

OJob 627

*Ex 2221
$De lO:l%
Ps 82:2
Ma1 3:5
Jas 1127

wood-and-metal worker," and who has put it in

a hiding place.' (And all the people must answer and say, 'Amen!'&)'
16 " 'Cursed is the one who treats his father
or his motheld with contempt.'" (And all t h e
people must say, 'Amen!')
17 " 'Cursed is the one who moves back the
(And all
boundaryo mark of his fellow
the people must say, 'Amen!')
18 " 'Cursed is the one who causes the blinda
t o go astray in the way." (And all the people
must say, ' h e n ! ' )
19 " 'Cursed is the one who perverts the
judgmentG of a temporarya resident: a fatherless" boy and a widow.'" (And all t h e people
must say, "men!')
20 " 'Cursed is the one who cohabits with
his father's wife, because he has uncovered the
(And all the people must
2 1 " 'Cursed Is the one who cohabits with
any beast,'" (And d l the people must say,

is the one who cohabits with his

e daughter of his father or the daugh-

rnother.'l (And all the people must

mte
Le 20.14
nEx20:13

?zgj$

;&FA1
"1""8:3

d is the one who cohabits with his

mother-in-law.'m (And all the peopIe must say,
'Amen!')
24 I' 'Cursed is the one who fatally strikes
his fellow man from a hiding p l a ~ e . '(And
~
all
the people must say, 'Amen!')
25 " 'Cussed is the one who accepts a bribe0
to strike a soulb fatally, when it is innocent

643

blood.'ar (And all the people must say, 'Amen!') rE$T7

26 " 'Cursed is the one who tvill not put t h e
Eyl:fdla
words of this law in force by doing them's (And sne a m 5
I% 119:Zl
,'all the people must say, 'ha!')
J e r 112
C" 3.10
"And it must occur that if you will without fail listen to the voice of Jehwah* :ggi&
your God by being careful to do all his corn- $; ;&:3
rnandmentsCthat I am commanding you today,t 2
: ;;"
then Jehovah your God will certainly put you cue 31:s
high above all other nationsC of the earth.'!
' And all these blessings must come upon you ;;;;I$;
and overtake you,' because you keep listening v z e e l : 6
3De 33 :m
to the voice of Jehovah your.-:
10-36
3 "BlesseP will you be in the cityw and wPa
ps 12s'k
Zec 8:3
blessed will you be in the field,r
Ireb 11:lQ
4 "Blessed wilI be the fruit3 of your wombCz g%$t&:g29
and the fruit of your grounde and the fruit of y237i31
your domestic bast, t h e young of your8cattle
and the progeny of your flock."
Le 2139
5 "Blessed will be your basketA and' your ~PPsS1273
IOT:B
3~ 8:3
AJer
6.9
kneading tr0ugh.O
6 "Blessed will you be when you come in and .$
De 31:2
blessed m31J you be when you go out.'
2Sa 3325
7 "Jehovah will cause your enemies who rise
&y~~;;:i
up against you to be defeated before you.wBy *Le
26:i
De S:30
one way they will come out against you but by 2sa22:38
seven ways they will flee before you." Jehovah, x$~h\$F3
will decree for you the blessing" on YOLIT stores *Le 2"21
of supply" and every undertaking of yours,' *$af!ji:
and he will certainly bless you in the land that ,g; ;;$
Jehovah your God is giving YOU. Jehovah will
establish you as a holy people to
just pGy$:"T
as he swore to
because you continue t o E,1gi6
keep the commandments of Jehovahc your G s d O J Q ~1523
and you have waIked in his waysma
dnA%'
all the "De 3 2 4

28

Wtm~My,"a rml of i a n b m t blood," 3ISamLXXByVg.

DEUTERONOMY 28 :ll-38

peoples of t h e earth will have to see that Jehovah's3name has been called upon your and they
O n e 3i:14
r2Ch
23
1s. 43:12 will indeed be afraid of you.#
nJos 5:1
I1 "Jehovah will also make you overflow indeed
with prosperity0 in the fruit of your wombt
;1%132:ll
and
the
fruit of your domestic animalsu and the
1 t D e 303
fruitage of your ground, on the ground that
VEX13.5 Jehovah swore to your forefathers t o give you.'
Jehovah will open up to you his good storeODe32.2
house, the heavens, t o give the rain" on your
uz46;t land in its seasonw and to bless every deed of
handp and you will certain1y lend t o many
y~c
P$15~10
ky;:2g your
nations,
while you yourself will not borrown2
zDe 1 5 5
Pr 22:~ "
'd
Jehovah will indeed put you a t the head
and not@--the tail, and you' must come to be
"lK14:21 only on topz a n r y o u will not come to be on the
24:18 bottom:
because you keep obeying the comme315
mandments of Jehovah3 your God, which I am
commanding you today to observe and to do.
'"And you must not turn aside from all the
tvords that I am commanding YOU today, to the
030s 1:7
E$f;i2 right or to the left,O t o walk after other gods
to serve them.
15 "And: it must occur that if you will not
'
*Jer 7112 listen t o the voice of Jehovah your God by takJer 2 6 5
La 1:1
ing care to do all his commandments and his
o2Sa 2223
BDe m.n statutesd that I a m commanding you today,'
r G e 3:17
1 7 : ~ then all these maledictions3 must come upon
$ i 4 you and overtake you:
16 "Cursedc will you be in the cityx and
&
;
*Jer6:9
cursed
will you be in the field.*
1 Le 26:26
De B : s
17
"Ctlrsed
will be your basket" and your
Fs 60.22
mDe 5:9
kneading
tr0ragh.l
Job 18:17
t a z : ~ ~ 18 "CUvsed will be the fruit of your wombm
' 2 md the fruitage of your ground,n the young of
. your cattle and the progeny of y o u r flock.'

'$%Pi;4

;b;z:?O,

DEUTERONOMY 28 :19-29

645

64 4

19 "Cursed will you be when you come jn and

aDe au:e
cursed will you be when you go
Ju 5:G
20 "3ehovah will send upon you the cume,t
if45
c o n f ~ ~ s i oand
n ~ rebukev in every undertaking of ,;ihy;;m
yours that you try 0 carry out until you have I%:!S.III
been annihilatedm and you have perlshed in a O;Eg;?;

DEUTERONOMY 28 :30-47

day, just as a blind5 man gropes about 'Inthe

darkness, and you will not make your !trays suc~ 0 ~ :wssful;
s
and you must hccorne only one tvho is
J I
aImays defrauded and robbed with no one to save
.*ie Y T
will become engaged t o a woman but
bsI & ~ X y0u.r "O SOU
another man will rape her,. You will build a
hurry, because of the badness of your practices ;;:;:(i;y;
'5,3$. house but you will not drvell in itncYou will plant
in that you have forsaken meerV Jehovah will
; ; ; ;Z, ; ; ; ; n m s : n a vineyardz but you mill not begin to use it,"
J1 Your ax slaughtered there before your eyes
cause the pestilencer to cling t o you until he has
2:
;
:
-but
you will not eat: any of it, Your ass taken
exterminated you from off the pound t o ~vhich>,JZ
in robbery from before your fac+but it will.
you are going to take possession of jt.y Jeho- ,$;I;;;;,"
not return t o you. Your sheep given to your mevah will strike you ~r.ithtuberculmisz and burn- Jor zn:la
* JoB1;16 mi=-but you will 11aveno sa~~ior.:
w Y o u sons
ing fever and inflammation and feverish h e ~ t '
w h 239 and your daughters given ts ahather people' and
and the sword"cA and blight and mildew,' and 47r.r -29
xe 5:s
1G I
JOP 3 : ~ your eyes looking on and yearning for them althey will certainly pursue you until you hnvc *?t3no 2~
Am 4 q
waysa-but your handsa wlE t be bvjthout power.
perished. '"Your skjes that are over your hend w,, Z G : , ~
e;
mLe 26:EB 33 Tile fruitage of your ground and all your acmust also became copper and the earth that is
beneath you iron.% " 'Jehovah will give pon*der ""c":4:"
y 6 quired propcrty n people will eat wtaoni you have
I
Jer5:17 not knorvn;' and you must became one who is
and dusta as the rain of your land,* From the f3,3!i39
aJer 4 : ~only defrauded and crushed al~vwys,'8d And you
heavens it will come down upon you until you J h n 5:2,1
will certainly become nladdened at the sight of
have been annihilated.* 26 Jehovah urill cause you :;'\t3
i
5
your eyes that you will see.*
to be defeated before your enemies.' By one way J";:;f
R
e
1
6
:
~
35 "Jehovah will strike you with a malignant
you will go out against them, but by seven ways
boil upon bath knees and both legs from which
you ivill flee before them, and you must become .;.ye~;41$
ldL,
21.2.1
YOU will not be able to be healed, from the sole
a frightful object to dl the earth's kingdoms,:' 5J0d1,i0
~f,y&;g
ISZ 395
of your foot t o the crown of your head,] 3a Jeho=%And
your dead body must become food for
C i j e 31:4
p y
v& 1vi11 march youn1and your king'n ~vhornyou
nrIii
2
5
:
~
wery flying creature of the heavens and tothe w
IS~$I::T
CCh 3321
beast of the field, with nobody to disturb t h e n ~ . ~E
l C2FI,
xt, 3 6 5 t d l set up over you to a nation whom you have
3er 2?:11
27 "Jehovah will strike you with the boll of "Tj; y;yM
Jer 39:s
not Imorvn, neither you nor your forefathers,
rDe 4%
Egyptnand pilesrand eczema and skin err~ption,";,?;;
Jer 16:13 and there you wlll have t o serve other gods, of
Eze Xf:32
from which you will not be able to be healed. t;~O~;;~y4
"l~~dandofstone.~~~A~ndyoumuslbeco
~ 0 ~ 4 ~3
:V~ehovahwill strike you with madnesat and loss Y.PC I ~ : . I
object of ~stoniskment,~
a proverbialy sayingt
::g
;
t
o
;
*
of sightu and bewilderment of heart.' "And you ;$
'!:;'
and
a
tauntt1
among
all
the
peoples ts whom
,,JK',?i,$
nlill jndeed become one \%rhograpes about at mid- vf;:d,:!;6
Jehovah will lead you away,
"p,"&:4:
56

"fob 5:14

Isa =:I0

","z

a"Sn*ord," M8r; rod-pointed othcrwisr, thc rTt-laew woril could

read "clryne~s'~
or "'droughtf'.ZXP oluits; T'g rends "bent'?

"Hands," Sy and 40 H e h m tnaanacripta; "hnnd," 316amZXXVg,

DEUTERONOMY 28 :38-48

647

646

38 "A lot of seed you will take out t o the

(
field, but little will you gather,v because the 'Hag k"
6:s
locusta will devour it.^ 8Vineyards you will OJ
w foe 2%
plant and certainly cultivate, but you will drink
no wine2 and gather nothing in, because the "De32:33
worm will eat it up,y YOUwill come t o have %;",","?::
oliveJ trees in all your territorygcbut you will Ej;: 3I;:!
I
ivlb yourself with no oil, because your olives
Sons and daughters you will nMic6:15
will drop off.'
bring forth, but they zvilI not continue yours, EDe 28:3z
because they will go off into c a p t i ~ i t y .+?~ All ~~~~~:~~
your treesm and t h e fruitage of your ground "Jos 8:m
whirring insect,+ will take in posse~sion.~
" The *J&?$:?
temporary resident who is in your midst wilI,
keep ascending up and up above you, while
you-you will keep descending down and downmb
;;0
4 4 He will be the one to lend to you, while you
;$zll
-you will not lend to him,' He wiIl become the
:;
head, while you-you will become the tail."
@Ezr9:7
45 "So all these maledictions" will certainIy .$2&515
come upon you and pursue you and overtake
you until you have been annihilated,# because *kg,?;%
you did not listen t o the voice of Jehovah your
;4~o
God by keeping his commandments and his
statutes that he commanded you.' 46 And they *~;~&?&
must continue on you and your offspring as a
signc and a wonder" t o time indefinite,' 47 due t o ;gep$:II
I
the fact that you did not serve Jehovah your 1~ ;to
God with gladness and joy of h e a r t v o r the Jer %:IS
abundance of everything." And you will have
to serve your enerniesn whom Jehovah will send gE i6;1,l
against you with hungerr and thirst and nakedness and t h e want of everything, and he will
certainly put an iron yokeC upon your neck O l g a "7
until he has annihilated you."
sJer
Jer B.14
2 7 : ~
a Or, "clank-ig d e s . " LXXVg, rcpu~t!' b Or, "and contentment."

; :+

zP

zgzi"z'.?

;$Pz$

tJcr 5:15
7~?r6:22
fInb 1:6
Lu 19:63
r3e 3231

Cdos 10.21
u J e r 45:40
d er 40:22

La 4:19
Eze 17.3
Ho 8:l
YEC8:1
Dil8:23
w2Ch36:I:
Isa 47:6
1.1113:64
i-DP 23-33
I S R 1:7

Isa 6 2 8

zLe 2696
f er 15:13
WOS255

=mi2490
2Ki 23:1
Jer 37:s

Jer 39:l

Eze 4:2
Lu 10:43
>Ru 224
CJg 8:7
GDe 31:21
LLe 26:29

2W G : Z
3cr 19:CI
La 2.20
La 4:10
h e 5:10
>It 24:19

OCe 153

Pr 2 3 5
Pr 28.22
3It N:15
-De 1 3 5

DEUTERONOMY 28 :49-56

49 "Jehovah will raise up against you a nation far away,t from t h e end of the earth, just
as an eagle3
a nation whose tonguea
you will not understand, ;O a nation fierce in
~ o m t e n a n c e-r17ho
, ~ will not be partial. to an old
man or show favor to a young man." "And
they will certainly eat the fruit of your domestic animals and the fruitage of your ground
until you have been annihilated,~and they will
let no grain, new wine or oil, no young of your
cattle or progeny of your flock, remain for you
until they have destroyed you.Z And they will
indeed besiege you within all your gates until
your high and fortified wallsmin which you are
trusting fall in all your land, yes, they will certainly besiege you within all your gates in all
your land, which Jehovah your God has given
y0u.O 8 3 Then you will have to eat3 the fruit of
your womb, the fleshGof your sons and your
daughters whom Jehovah your God has given
you, because of the tightness and stresss with
which you+enemy will hem you in.*
54 "As for the very delicate and d h t y man
among you, his eyec will be evil-indined toward
his brother and his cherished wife' and the remainder of his sons whom he has remaining,
5 5 SO as not t o give one of them any of the Aesh
of his sons that he will. eat, because he has nothing at all remaining t o him because of the tightness and stress with which your enemy will hem
you in within all your gates.@ As for t h e delieate and dainty woman among you 1~7honever
attempted t o set the sole of her foot upon the
earth for being of dainty habit and for delicateness,"er eye mill be evil-inclinedg toward her
cherished husband and her son and her daugh-

DEUTERONOMY 28 :57--45

648

ter, fl even toward her afterbirth that comes

out from between her legs and toward her sons
whom she proceeded t o bear," because she wiIl
eat them in secrecy for t h e want of everything
because of the tightness and stress with which
your enemy will hem you in within your gates.'
58 "If you will not take care to carry out all
the words of this law" t h a t are written in this
bookDmso as to fear this gloriousll and fearinspiringr name, even J e h ~ v a hyour
, ~ God, 5 n then
Jehovah will certainly make your plagues and
the plagues of your offspring especially severe,
great and long-lasthg plagues,bnd malignant

649

nations you will have no ease, nor will there

prove to be any resting place for the sole of

*Isa 49:15
1 Le 26:20
Jcr 19;s
La 2:ao
La 430
Eze 5:10
Mt 2439
mLe 26~15
nEx 34:6

3De 31:26

rDe 6:13
De 10:17
N e 1:s
P S 09:3
Isa 29:23
Ma1 4:2

SEX314
E x 6:3

20:2
and long-lasting s i c k n e s ~ e s . ~And he will in- EPsu 83:18
113:3
deed bring back upon you all the diseases of Ps
Isa 42:8
Egypt3 before which you got scared, and they Ma1 2:2
WOS5:4
will certainly hang onto younv Also any disease 12Ch 21 14
21:15
and any plague that is not written in the hook of uZCh
La 1:12
D
a
9:12
this law, Jehovah will bring them upon you un- vnc 7 : s
til you have been annihilated. " So I~OU will indeed be left with very few in number, although
you have become like the starsCof the heavens
for m u l t i t ~ d e because
,~
you did not listen t o
the voice of Jehovah your &d,w
63 "And it must occur that just a s Jehovah
exulted over YOU to do YOU good and t o multiply
30:9
u o u , ~so Jehovah will exult over YOU to destroy yDe
Isa 6235
Jer
YOU" and ta annihilate you, and YOU will simply Zep 32:41
3:17
1:26
be torn away from off the soil to which you are zpr
Isn 1:24
KJer 12:l-l
going to take possession of it."
Jer 18:7
64 "And Jehovah will certainly scatter you J c r 24%
among all the peoples from the one end of the
OJos 3:11
earth" to the other end of the earth,4 and there ALe
26:33
you will have to serve ether gods whom you DNee 4;27
1:8
21 :24
have not known, neither you nor your fore- Lu
Jas 1:l
fathers, wood and stone.0 "j And among those OJer 16:13

foot,+ and Jehovah will indeed give you

there
a trembling heartm and a failing of the
oLe 2G 36
eyes"
and
despair of soul. O U And you will cer~;~1,2::;2
ZLe z6;16
tainly be in the greatest peril for your lifea and
OJos1;8
be in dread night0 and day, and you will not be
*La ~ 1 3 sure of your life." 8 7 In the morning you will
Heb 10:23
say, Tf it only were evening!'b and in the eve"
0
'
3
:
ning you will say, 'Ifit only were rnorning!'C3
1 2 7 because of the dread3 of your heart with which
*De 28:34 you will be in dread and because of the sight of
your eyes that you will see,' " A n d Jehovah wilt
eJgS:17
certainly bring you back t o Egypt by ships3
IEX1493 by the way about which I have said to you, 'You
De 17:16
Jer u : r will never see it again," and YOU will have to sell
J e r 41:12
yourselves there to your enemies as slave men
HO 8:13
but there will be no buyer."
~ ~ y U e and
Z ~ ~maidservants,cm
~
These are the words of the covenantC
that Jehovah commanded Moses to conclude with the sons of Israel in the land of
C"@34:1
Mo'abc aside from t h e covenant that he had
concluded with them in H ~ ' r e b . ~ " ~
Ze,2445 2 And Moses proceeded to call all Israel and
to say t o them: "You were the ones seeing all
that Jehovah did before YOUR eyes in the land
'ISa 6:6
of Egypt t o Phar'aohO and all his servants3 and
UJos 1:2
~ E K
all his land,' "he great provingsa that your
JOS 2.1!5
Fs 78:a eyes saw, those great signs and w0nders.t "And
sDe 4~3.1
yet Jehovah has not given YOU a hearte to
weg:17
know and eyes to see and ears to hear down to
Ke
this day. 'While I kept guiding YOU forty years

+%:
;1,2
"De29:19

21CI 6:ZS

Nc 9:s
OD@ 30:10

DEUTERONOMY 28:66-29 :5

YOUP

.-

Literally, irAnd your life will certninly beconle suspended for you
over the wag." b LiteralIy, "Who will g i ~ ee ~ c n i n g7" literally,
"Xho will give rnorningf'> I n X S a m tiis is rcrse 69, with which
they end chapter 25, e Or, "mind,"
a

DEUTERONOMY 29 : 6-15

650

in the wildernessou YOUR garmentsn did not &?; zi!

wear out upon YOU and your sandal did not
wear out upon your foot.' "read uov did not
~:;~;p;
eatw and wine and in.toxicatingy liquor aou did WE, 1 ~ 1 2
not drink, in order that YOU might know that I GEgi,
am Jehovah YOUR God.' Eventually YOU came 3
U72"g7$
t a this place and Si'hon t h e king of Hesh'banz m14:26
and Ogq t l ~ eking of Ba'shanG proceeded t o come 4%
out to meet us in battle, but we defeated them."
We 11:16
De 173
hlfter that we took their land and gave it as LPS 13a:ll
Heb 312
1
AJer 835
an inheritance t o the Reu'benites and the Gad'Am 6:12
ites and haIf t h e tribe of the M a . n a s ' s i t ~ .~~ ~ ~
Ac 8:23
u
~ 12:1:
Hcb
So YOU must keep the words of this covenant De 3 2 2
IDe 2Y:U
+xu
W:3c
and do them, in order t h a t YOU may make every- -,e ,:,
Ps 10 :6
P
s
14.1
JOS 1 : ~
thing YOU will do turn out well.'
Jer 5 3 2
1 K i 2:3
1
O J O S n:ao
10 "You are all of YOU stationed today before ; ?&?ys
Jehovah YOUR God, the heads of YOUR tribes,& 1 s a ~ a : 2
5U:5
YOUR older men and YOUR officers, every man of Jer
-Nu E:39
Lu n : ~
Ec ll:Q
~ s r a e ~ ,YOUR
~
little ones, YOUR wives," and ""'
Jer 3 9 7
De 31.12
"lo
RO 1:21
your temporary resident* who is in the midst of
E h 4:17
018i
8:30
your camp? from t h e gathererb of your wood ;$,";?&
GJos 7 :I
~Isn
30:1
t o t h e drawer of your water,* in order for NU 11:4
Eph 4:19
De ::I4
*Isa 2731
you to enter into the covenant of Jehovah your "Jos9.21
Jer 1 4 7
Godl and his oath,c which Jehovah your God is 1g?E
*Ps 74:l
1 EX 20:s
conchding with you today,m la for the purpose ,DF,\&
Es 3.1:14
Ps 79:5
of establishing you today as his peoplen and n12Cl115:14
m P s 18%
K c lo:23
Heb 1 2 2
that he may prove himself your Gad,' just as he
nDe 27.15
;;s;;;
De =:I5
has promised you and just as he has sworn t o
ri3e 9:ld
sMal3:18
your forefathers Abraham," Isaact and Jacob.u 'g;
;kg:;
14 ''NOIVit is not with YOU alone that I am :%eg:313 1
concluding this covenant and this ~ a t hl5, but
~ ~'De 5:3
it is with him who is here standing with us today before Jehovah' our God m d with those 3J*s18:6

IF;;&,

::.

:;z8

z;:,

tribes? MSnni; "the heads of TOUR

t r i b ~ ; ' LXliSy; "som prillccs and hibes," Fg, b Or, "cutter."
See Genesk 24: 41, footnote%
a Literally, "LYOUE he~ds,TOKE

who a r e not here with us today;" le(for YOU

yourselves well h o w how we dweIt in the land
of Egypt and how we passed through the midst
of the nations through whom YOU pas5ed.y
And YOU used to see their disgusting things
and their dungy idols,3zwood and stone, silver
and gold,' that were with them;) that there
may not be among YOU a man or a woman or
a family or a tribe whose heart is turning today
away from Jehovah our God t o go and serve
the gods of those nations;: that there may not
be
among
YOU
a root producing a poisonous
:
~
~
plant and 1%-ormwood.*
19 "And it must occur that when someone
has heard the words of this oath,4 and he has
blessed himself in his heart: saying, 'I shall
come to have peace? because I shall walk in
the stubbornness of my heart,'" with the intention of sweeping away the well-watered one
along with the thirsty ones,"2o Jehovah wilt not
want t o forgiveo him," but then Jehovah'so
anger* and his insistence on exclusive devotion'
to him will smoke against t h a t manm and all the
oath-bound curse written in this bookn will certainly settle dowh on him and Jehovah will indeed blot his name out from under the heavens.l
50 Jehovah will have to separates him for
calamity from all the tribes of Lsrael in accord
with all the oath-bound cursea of the covenant
that is written in this book of the law.
22 "And the future generation of YOUR sons
who will rise up after YOU will be bound t o say,
aIse the foreignert who will come from a dist a n t land, and svho rvill certainly see the plagues

'"Oath-bonnd curse," aa the Hebrew modifier "mitten" is in the

singular, though M literally reads "enrses". See verse 20.

of t h ~ land
t
and its maladies with which Jehovah has sickened it," 2S sulphur: and salt' and
burning," so that its whole land will not be

gJ",'by!y5

I ~ ?-s
C

sown, nor sprout, nor will any vegetation" w p s i ~ : s

spring up in it, like the overthrow of Sod'omp &'c':i;i$
(
G e 10:19
nnd Go.mar'rab,~Ad'mahy and Za.bo-i'im,which zCe
14:2
Jehovah overthrew in his anger find in his ,Id;!;&
wrath;: Si yes, all the nations ~ v i l lbe bound to F;;fj;6
9:s
say, 'SVhy did Jehovah do Iikc this to this land?" ArKi
ZC!17:21
Why the heat of t h i s great anger?' Then they E13e m ; u
18:3
will h ~ w eto say, 'It was because t h y abandoned *,Jfis
-* I K 19:lO
~
I
1.he covenant' of Jehovah' the God of thcir forefathers, which he concluded with them when he *$;;$$
J L.r 19:4
brought them out of the land of Egypt.' " Amd '3Ue
3').37
27115
they proceeded to go and serve other godso m d
De 2323
to bow down to them, gods that they had not t)A 3.11
known and he had not apportioned to them:
" Then Jehovah? anger; h l a z d agajnst that
land by bringing upon it the whole mnlediction" f;; ;?&8
written in this book,# Hence Jehovah up- ~ ~ ; q ; ~
rootecl them from off their soil in angeru md 1Da 6:24
rage and great indignation and threw them into ,"f.E,,
Am 3:?
another land as at this day.']
K(.h 3.5
29 "The things concealed belong to Jehovah "E: 22
our God,m but the things revealed belong to us pi:gg
and to our sons% to time indefinite, that me may z:i zb3:1
Ac 1721
carry out 811 the words of this law."
ZT1 3%

$f:z;!

Or, "Thp

thillgs concealed hcloug to Jehovnh o w God, and the

t l l i ~ ~ grcl~cnlcd,
s
Ta us and ta our RURR i t bclu~lg~l
far tinw inclcfinite
fo cltrry out tlll khe m r & of this Enlv." 111 ~ h cPIcbrc-rr test the
words "to ua m d to our sons" and thc ltl-nt con~onnutof the follon-iug pr~position"to" hare the s p ~ c i a ljlointn (n scrips a f dots) m a r
thrill, This IS unde~stoodby gorslc to lncnn t h n t t b c 1r.01-ds so marked
~ l ~ o t ~bel i omitted
l
OF that the ttlaugllt czp~cssedby them alronld not
bc rmphnnized. This is one o f the 15 CaBPK o f rstraardinar~paint@
u n t l c by the Sopherim (aclibes), 6120 acncsia 10: 5, footnoteb.

"And it must occur that ~irhenall these

words will come upon yau,"the blessjngs
which I h ~ v put
e before
T ~ ~ $ . ~ ~and
$ j the rnaledicti~n,~'
De.fi.15
you,
and
you
have
brought
them
back
t o your
tlllii H: 17
lara .Ir;:x
heartall
among
all
the
natlans
where
Jehovah
1Cr.c' 39328
your God has dispersed you, and yo11have reI II
I've 1.1
,,,., turned to Jehovah your Godv and listened to
I,.L
,,,,,.,3 ;a his voice according to a11 that E am commanding you today, youand yoursons, with all your
"-41:?,4fi
I . ) ( > >..
c~u:
s1111 heart and all your soul,"\v .' then Jehovah your
~ v l > 4.29
r
x-11 sl:rr
Godwill certainly bring back your c a p t i v e s b d
Jrr 3 I0
1Clli.dB show you mercyy and collect you again from all
1'6 I>'(*:!
-,,,
, ,,,,,the peoples where Jehovah your God has scat::[
3 "2
tcred you." If your dispersed people should be
zF,<r I : 1
at the end af the heavens, from there Jehovah
;;$pj7
F:LC :.;. t3 your God mill coIlect you and from there he
B.64 ~ I 1 1
take you.C Jehovah your Gad !v111 Indeed
bring you into the land of which your fathers
took possession and you will cert~lnlytake possession of it and he will indeed do you good and
.NQ 1:Q multlply you more than your fathem.' %And
cJonB:d
Jehovah your God will have t o ci~cumeise~
your
heartband the heart of your offspring, that you
may love Jehovah your God with all your heart
and dl your soul for the salre of your life.+
And Jehovah your God: wjll certainly put all
BDeas:fl these oath-bound curses upon your enemies'
and those who hate you, who have persecuted
r t e ?G:IO

~PSJ 107:34
9:45
E
Eze d7:11
3Ue 3 2 2

:!

w s lE.7

Isn l o i a

~ D 30:s
E
xta 1,2s

YOU:

fdy,22!a 8 i ' k s f o r y o u , y o ~ t w f l ~ Z u r n a n d c e r t a i d y
cJonJG

el^!&'

listen to the voice of Jehovah9 and do all: his

commandments that I am comm~nclingyou today.' And Jehovah your God will indeed make
you have more than enough in every work of

n Or, "you hnva recalled

them to your mind." b Or, "aaptivity,"

thnf is, n body of a a p t i ~ e s .

DEUTERONOMY 30:10-17

654

655

your hand, in the fruit of your womb" and the OJ'Jg13:5

fruit of your domestico animals' and the fruit- :J,Odg:::2,
age of your soil, resulting in prosperity,'" be- m=1Kllo:7
I
@,Jos
D,e;,9,
*Le 26:4
cause Jehovah will again exult over you for me.?e:zi
WJos 1:14
good, just as he exuIted over your forefathers,'
"De 4 2 6
3241
De31:28
'"or you will listen t o the voice of Jehovah your Jer
Zap 3:17
Isa 1:2
God so as to keep his commandments and his
Jer 2:12
J e r 22:20
statutes written in this heolc of the
be- 2;ey&
me ll:as
cause you will return to Jehovah your God with
*
;
n F e 1:9
all yoe~rheart and all your soul.n
1
g
:
g
;::
La 3:40
11 "FOTthis commandment that I am com- cze 1s:21
1
m;~;12;;5
mandjng you today is not too difficult for you, E~~:24~'
nJer 32:39
nor is it far abvay.lqlZ It is not in the heavens,so r,P,\g&9
rE:$22
16:26
as t o result in saying, 'Who will ascend far us
:,D,e,4i:l
into the heavens and get it for us, that he may
VEX 7:7
uGe12:7
De 34:7
let us hear it that we may do it?'^ Neither is s:2!&
i
Ac 7:23
rr Nu 2737
it on the other side of the sea, so as to result tg;;g;
2Sa 21:17
in saying, 'Who will p a s over for US t o the
1Kl 3.7
y h u 2k12
other side of the sea and get it for us, that he axsa51:~
xu2;:13
may let us hear it that we may do it?'t l4 For the Ere1Z3: 5: s
word is very near youfUin your own rnouthmY :iE:i$2
zg
"9HiZ1
"Ps 4 4 2
and in your own heart, that you may do it.w $ f i ; ~ ~ ~ ~ AXu
27.18
15 "See, I do put before you today life and
De 3:28
Jos 1 2
good, and death and b a d . ~ Tf you will listen t o y,Deei;g
JOS 4:14
AC 7:45
the commandments of Jehovah your God,m
oDe34:9
which I am commanding you today, so as to
ey~
21:24
lovez Jehovah your God, t o walk in his ways "%$&
xDe 7:2
and t o keep his c~mmandments"and his statutes 4%
.D,33:S
'JQSz2:~O
and his judicial decisions," then you will be &De4:45
*Xu 3 3 5 2
De 7:24
bound to keep aliveb and to multiply, and Jeho- 'k:
Be 20:16
vah your God must bless you in the land to R0
cnos 22:3
*dos 1.G
which you are going to take possession of it.
29:B
17 "But if your heart should turn away and +De
15a 1 % ~
2Ch 32:7
:lc
you should not listen,' then you wiU certainly ' p ~ l ~ ~ DJos
~PS n~4:14

Eoy:$,
a

zt&

:i=z

a"If gou will l i d e n to t.he mrnmandments of Jehovah your hd,"

L - U . But XRamSyTg do not contain these words.

'

"Jssos

31,

umL;'

DEUTERONOMY 30 :18-31; 6

be dispersed and bow down t o other gods and

serve them, I do tell YOU today that YOU will
positively perish.@You will not lengthen YOUR
days on the ground to which you are crossing
the JordanCto go t o take possession of it. lB
I do
take the heavens and t h e earth as witnesses
against YOU today," that I have put life and
death before you," the blessing* and the malediction,l and you must choose life in order that
you may keep alive,m you and your offspring,"
20 by loving Jehovah your God,r by listening to
his voice and by sticking to hirn,~
for he is your
lifet and the length of your days, that you may
dwell upon the ground that Jehovah swore to
your forefathers Abraham, Isaac and Jacob to
give t o them.""
Then Moses went and spoke these words
t o all Israel and said to them: "A
hundred and twenty years old I am todaynvI
shall no more be allowed to go out and come
in?' as Jehovah has said to me, 'You will not
cross this Jordm.'Y Jehovah your God is t h e
one crossing before you." He himself will annihilate these nations from before you and you
must drive them away.a Joshua"" is the one
crossing before you,* just as Jehovah has spoken. And Jehovah will certainly do to them
just as he has done to Si'honJ and to Og,+ the
kingso of the A m t o r . i t e s , k d to their land,
when he annihilated them.@ And Jehovah has
abandoned them to YOU" and YOU must do to
them according t o all the commdment2that
I have commanded YOU.' Be courageous and
strong.* DOnot be afraida or suffer a shock be-

31

('Iqaofi;) ," I X X ; "Yi.ahulF By ; "Jome," Vg; "Jehosh'-

DEUTERONOMY 31:7-13

657

656

fore them,' b w w Jehovahu your God is the PEA;

one marching with you. He will neither desert
you nor forsake
mbe
HcI) u:31
13'5
7 And Moses proceeded t o call Joshua and
say to him before the eyes of all Israel: "Be
courageous and strong,n because you-you wlll nJQ8X O : a
kringR this people into the land that Jehovnll
swore t o their forefathers t o give t o thcrn, and
you yourself wilI give it t o them a$ an inherjtante,' And Jehovah is the one marching be- ~ J " , " S ~ ~ ,
fore you.s H e himself mill continue with J T O U . ~m: ;;;m:
He will neither desert you nor forsake you, Da
,:,

.,,,

not be afraid or be terrified."~

VEL
I C3.1'27
2~
n.a
9 Then Noses ~ m t this
e lawv and gave it to K:/",t.';
the priests3 the sons of L&vi,s the carr1el.s of ;;I;;':;,
the Arkz of Jehovah" covenant,^^ and t o all the ;r; $7,
J:I~
older men of Israel.' ' " h d Moses went on t o rKs
1Ch 1'.12
command them, saying: "At the end of every = l ~ i ~ ~ l i '
seven years, in the appointed time of the year of ,
,,
the release," in the festival9 of b ~ o t h s , ~lvhe11 $1:;
all Israel comes t o see1' the face of Jehovah' +?;p:;l
your God in the place that he mill, d~oose,"you *"'no" I(;:IG
':"
will read this law in front of all Israel In thejr
hearing.c' I" Call the people together,"the men
ancl the women and the little ones' and your m$",f;O
J,:.T LO:I
temporary resident who is within your gates, ''''
in order that they may listen and in order that
they may l e m ? as they must fear Jehovah lDfm29
YOUR Godm and take care ta carry out all the mPa3d:I'
words of this law. la ATld their sons who hnve
not known should listenn and they must learn 'pD,";2i2
to fernoJehovah YOUR God a11 the days that you

,,:,

;'r,;;

"'

z;;:'%:

a "YOUwill bri~lg;' Sam, Sy, Vg nnd nhout 5 TT~brerv~nnnu~criptr

;
'"OU
trill go with,'' 11; L ' y 1~d 1~ go l~ci'orctllc fnoc of," 1,XX.

b"Sce," by a correction of the ~owpl-pointingof 11; "nppcnr heSore,'' LXTT'gSy. " Literaiig, "enr3."

DEUTERONOMY 31:14-20

are living upon t h e soil t o which YOU are cross, ing the Jordan to take possession of It."
I
14 After that Jehovah said to hloses: "Look!
the days have dranm near for you to die." Call
J o s h ~ ~and
a station yourseIves in the tentD of

tzz::p

chsI*l
sn-u2'i:rg

meeting, that I mny commission hirnmWa

So
Moses and Joshua went ancl st~lioneclthemin the tent of mecting,t Then Jehovah
'2B,&, selves
appeared
tent in the pillarCof cloud,and
;
; the pillaratofthecloud
began t o stand by the entrance of the tent.u
'?pa:%::&
999~~
16 Jehovah now said t o Moses: "Look! you
are lying do\vn ~ v i t h your forefathers,r and
yz,e,Ff2
"=325 this people w i l l certainly get tipx and have unfaithful intercoursenJwith foreign: gods of the
zi;z~:~m
';E,";$:Vmd t o which they are going3 in their very
midst, and they will certainly forsstke me" and
Fq
;739
~ z 1c 6 : ~break m y covenant that I have concluded with
LDe
J~ 2:12
3215 them.0 l7 At that my anger mill Indeed blaze
:i",'i!ji3against them in that day-nd I shall certainly
'i,"
FA5 forsdce themmand conceal my face from themx
$
q
%d;iz2and they must become something t o be con+De 29:20 sumed and many c a l ~ n ~ i t iand
e s distresses must
Fs 74 1
arch =:a come upon them,' and tllcy will be bound to
Z C 122
2;:a
~~
say in that day, 'Is it not because aurWod is
'nt
Ps3.3,29
32.20 not in ourb midst that these cnlamitles have
came upon us?'C'IPh
q for me,I s h ~ l ahssolutely
l
&*2~$~i153
; : ; 2conceal my face In that day because of all the
13:a4 h d n e s s that they have done, because they have
ps n : s
t~tmedt o other gods.]
I?a 8:17
mDe 3 ~ x 1 19 "And nowrWRITEfar yourselves this songm
De 32 44
nne 4:9
and teach it t o the so^^ of 1srael.n Place it in
rEs
hiL10:18
4 : ~ s their mouths in order that this song may serve
c$",g;gasmy witness3agafr~stthesons of Israe1,r *OForI
Or, ':and commit fornication." b Litcrnlfy, c i m y , ' ~ N . S ~ ma .literj5

ally, i ~ e : ' 31Fam

DEUTERONOMY 31 :21-27

6 58

shall bring them t o the ground that I have sworn

ahuta to their fore fat he^,^ which ~ ~ O I Ytvith
S
milk and honey,t and they will certainly eatu and E:; ; 3 7
2U:E
be full and grow f a t v and turn to other gods and u1.l'.ICw R:!?
they rviU indeed senre them and treat me with v2;!;,;;a
disrespect and break my
"'And it JOY'^?^
must occur that when many calamities and distresseso trill come upon them? then this song
&
$: ; : :
must ansteer before them as a witness, because it lJ+ Fa2:
should not be forgotten out of the mouth of their
offspring, for I well knoiv their inclination* that ;kpsT;P,:g
they a m developing today before I bring them F~;;;;;
into the land about which I have sworn."'$
22 So Moses m a t e this song in t h a t day, that
~ DSX:X8
w
he might teach it to the sons of Israel.'
23 And he proceeded to cornmissian Joshua I
the son of NunAand t o say: "Be courageous and *Nu mrs
strong,a because you-you will bring the sons of: : ;4 f$'u
Israel into the land about which I have sworn t a gj:$a;
them,* and I myself shall continue wlth you.'";;
y;:;rli"
24 And it came about that as soon as Moses U a 3 : : ! ~
had finished writing the words of thls law in
a hook until their completion," zblk50ses began mgE:f:?
to command the Levites,Vhe carriers of the K
;1
I7
,F
:
Ark of Jehovah's covenant," saying: 2 B ' T a k l n r DlJs Ih, ~R15:f2
hT1
this baolFof the law,' YOU must place it at t h e *$?;&
side of the Ark' of the covenant of Jehovaha z;.?:~r:l.r
YOUR W, and it must serve as a witness there :$;,!;:
against
z7 For 1
-1 well know your rebel- 71cJ::'i1<i19
'Or, "I hare promised on oath." b "Sworn," 31; ''morn to tlirir

'

foreftltbers." L-IXSniu SF; "promised them," Tg. a "Tnking.'' "Phe

)Iehmw verb here is in the infinitEve absolilte nnd rn indcllnite nti t o
tialc, d "Jel~ovab"In the ppyrn* fm,pmt af the Fonnd Pnpyru*
Inventory 10166,
. of the 26 c m h q B-C., of t h Oreek
~
ASP1'tu.ng i ~ t ,the test does not contain the Gmt aord X f r i . o r (l!.~d'~)
lipre, hut cantxins the Hebrew four-letter we~vl (n?3+,
YHWB)
for Bod's name. See Deuteronomy 15:5, footnotea.
I

Jl7a

Sr

1.13

n 21;

Ilousne~q~
~ n dyour stiffo neck.s If while I am
yet alive wlth mu today YOU have proved re-

bcllio~~s
in bellavier toward J e l ~ o v a hthen
, ~ ~ how
rnucl~mom so after my deatlr !I ?' Can together
I !I:n,S T S ?21~
to me a13 the older men of YOUR tribes and
" . o s ~o ~
f n~c c r ~ 'and
~ let me speak in their hearing
ll7)r
10
1)~2!':10 t11ese words and let me take the heavens and
F I j0.1
~
r E Ma i . 2 . j
the earth as witnesses against them."
For I
1 30. :5l
well know that after my death YOU will 14th1 ,
rr3rlc
r 2:11
~'2,s
out fail act ruinouslyw and you will certainly
E
!1 ( r
turn aside from the way but which I have cornWDF
28:15 manded YOU, and calamity? wi31 be bund to befall ~ ~ oartrt h e close of the days, because you will
do tvhnt is bad in t h e eyes of Jehovahb so as to
offend him by the works of YOUR hands."
30 And Mases proceeded t o speak in the
3,q$!2
C~losR:* henrlng of all the conpegationCo of Israel the
P l l ~4:26
r j n(>:
~ ~
words of this song until their completion;=
1's 4!l: :
]'a 30
"Give ear, 0 heavens,@and let me speak;
I.;n 1:2
P.I:T~~
ra:~~
('And let the earth hear the sayings
A25a 23:1
af my mouth.3
1 s t ~63:113
12:17
9 "My Instruction will drip as t h e rain,m
4 Jclb 2 ~ 2 2
Nu k . 1
My saying will trickle as the dew,Q
*I'x72'6_
As light rains upon grass'
B ~ ~ IGI ,C
Zl'C 10 1
And as copious showers upon vegetation.=
cm:IiI I:I:Z
:I?

YI...:

r.1c ?I.G

.)

01

141

161

41

32

m'*Jrl~ovnl~."
III thc np?nrs frnpnrnt of thc n n n d Papyrus Inventor?- la. 1(10, oC t& 2d nlllury 1I.C., of lilt R m l i ,9~p't.n.gint,
tlrr~t v x t ~IOPR
I I Q ~ro11tni18
tlr~~ I r c r l rwovd 1ijy'ri.o~ ("Tmrd) here,
h n t mntni 11st!lr ror~ll)inrtlI I ~ h r r w - I l r ~ ~xl,rea+ion
~I<
( 3::' ~ b Bahv.
v
I'II'ZYlI lo# l'11r.o)a') for "Ji*31o~nl1t tic Gucl". Later copies of the
I:t.t.clc Scp'trr.~.gitrt anlit thr TSrb~~rr.
t~trngrnmmzrtonand c-ontain
o111y flip (hhrrk t!.ordq rhv H F ~("the
V
Tlotl"). b "Jcbornb." Tu the
pnpyrns frnrtilcnt OE the Found Pnp.ms Inv~ntoryKO.268, of the
213 crntury TLC'.. of the G m * k Srp'ttt.~.~irrf,
the text does not coninin tlw E;~-ct,k mr11K?t*i-i*o.'~
( " I ~ ~ r d "h~re-,
) t ~ u tcontains thp He11mwi'onr-1~tlerword ( nln*, VRW31) for God's nnnla. Fee neuteronomy IH : 05, foot nc)tca, 8 "Uengregnlion.l' L X , ekbkTe.ri'a.

DEUTERONOMY 32 : 3-7

660

661

:el$&

"For I shall declare the name of Jehovah.ac"

Do YOU attribute greatness t o our God!" ' $ ~ ~
mDe 3213
' "The R o ~ kperfect
,~
is his
For all his waysC are justice.]
OJOS
'2% 22:5
22.3
"A Godc of faithf~lness,~
with whom there ,ga",l!;
is no injustice;"
m
nJob
~ 8W:IO
s5 3
Righteousa and upright is he.r
olsa
rP$ 82.15
21:~
"'They haved acted ruinously on their own
sDe 3k29
parties
They are not his children, the defect is
tHeb 319
their own.'"
A generationo crooked and twisted!"
030s
UPS 78%
2229
"Is it t o Jehovaha that rou keep doing this
a

~~;~l

vIsa 1:2

(3 peoplea stupid and not wise?"

"Is h e not your Father who has produced

you,=
He who made you and proceeded t o give
you stability?=
' "Remember t h e days d old:
CONSIDERthe yearsQback from generation
to gw~eration;~
"'Ask your fatherjOand he can tell you;'

fwJer
i ~ 33:3
e4 22

YEX4:22
2Sa 7:23

wPs 17:s
Zed 2:8

c2Sa 1:23
ZPS

100:3

yha 31:5

bps 441
lsa 6321

5:IZ

.,,,,,:,
OPS
EX 13:14
io:~
Job 8:8

* "Jehovah!' In the papyrus fra-merit of the Fouad F a p m s Inv e n t o i ~No. 266, of the 2d century B.C., of the Greek S ~ ~ ~ ' t ~ c . r i . g ~ ~ l t ,
the Greek text contains here, not the Greek word Ky'vi.0~( ( L L ~ r d " ) ,
h u t the H e h r e ~tetragrammaton (illil',YHWFI) for God's name.
See l3euteronomy 18: 5, footnote? b L ' f l o d , true are liis works,"
LSX; "God's ~ a r are
h perfectJFJ
Vg; &'Forwithout blemish (spotl e ~ are
)
his work^;' fiy* C +'A God." El, MSarn; The.ost, LXX;
De'zte, Vg. "*They hare," SaruLXXSyTrg; "He has,'" 11. = O r ,
"ruinously toward him." f "They have sinned;blamen-orthy children
do not belong t o him:' LXX,

DEUTERONOMY 32:%I2

Your old men, and they can say It to you."

"When the Most High gave the nationsc an
inheritance,&*
When he parted the sons of Adambmfrom
one another,#
"Re proceeded to fix the boundary of t h e
peoples"
With regard fop the number of t h e sons
of Israel.1
"For Jehovah's3 share isc his people;"
Jacob is the allotment that he inherit^.^"
ID
' T e came to find him in a wilderness
land,'
A n d in an empty,ds howling desertat
"Re began t o encircle himYuto take care of
him,?
To safeguard him ads the pupil of his
eye.Iv
l1 "Just as an eagle0 stirs up its nest,
Hovers over its fledglings,Y
"Spreads out ih wings,z takes them,
Carries them an its ginions,O
" "Jehovah alone kept Ieading him,"
And there was no foreign godeoalong with
him. :

L X X S y V g rend : ' T h e n the Nost High was &><ding nations."

Er-idently they derived the Ilebre-r~verb from a similar-looking
raoi that means "to sift; to pass tbouph a sieve5*.According to thiv
the Hebrew hext nyould read: L'Tl-llcnthe Yost High sprinkled the
~iations( n s through a aleve)." This thought runs parallel with t h e
second part of the verse i n poetic balance. See Yetz4s T P ~ ~ U ~ T P A ~
Vol. 11, Eo. 4, October 1952, pnge 366. b Or, "man." Hebrew,
u.dlam', 9 "And Jehovah's share beenme," L X X . * Or, i?eatureless."
32, t o ' h q as i n Genesis 1 : 2. * "God." Ek, MSam; #l&s.es',LXX.
a

DEUTERONOMY 32:13-16

662

663

"He kept making him ride upon earth's

higho places,'
c h~a 33%
+
5a:le
e
So that he ate& the produce of the field.
"And he kept making him suck honey out of
~ F S
8~16
a crag,@
And oilDout of a flinty rock;OX
aDe
3 ~ 6:21
33:24
g
l4
"Butte@ of the herd and milk3 of the
* G e 18:s
flocku
k a 7 :LS
SlSa
"Le 315.22
: ~
Together with the fat of rams,3'
33:22
"And male sheep, the breed of B a ' ~ h a n ,and
~
~ M I 7C:14
he-goats"
Together with the fat of t h e kidlfieysc of
wheat;"m
O PJ S~611W :14
~
1315
And the blood of the grapeGyou kept drinknGe
49:~
ing as ~ i n e . ~ n
"When Jeshru.runerbegan to grow fat, then
~g,aig:
Isa ~ : 2
,he kickednfe
slSa 2:29
You have grown fatl you have become tDe 31:N
PS 73:7
thick, you have become g0rged.t
Xsa 6:10
02Ch 32:15
"So he forsook God,@ who made hirn,u
uTsa 1:4
And despised t h e Rockh of his ~ a l v a t i o n . ~ ~
'"They began inciting him t o jealousy with PS89:26
WJP 2:n
strange gods;w
lICl 14%
"IK1
14:*'
With detestablea things they kept offend-

la

1Co 1o:za

KDe

and the loved one kickedJp;Tg, "The denx one got fat and kckt
"God." El.o'~Is,3ISam; Ito The.oa', LXX; De'us, Vg, h "Roc
N; "Strong (Mighty) One," By; "God,'? LLXVg.

5:8

i~~

TIChl:lo

-Ps13:4E

Iha l i : 1 0
Jpr 3:21.

EDe 4:34
De 7:19

~JP
2:ld

PS 78:59
La 2.8
p"lOF:.10
LJOs l5:16
UPS 82.5
Ps H2,6
Jer 1 3 : ~
"De 31:17
Jrr IS:I~
I PA 73._17

m ~ s 6x2
e
Ilt 1727
Ln 7 3 1
I

(I

'lsa
n:sa 83:9
2:35
blr 9:19

L U 18.8
Heb 3:l2
Heb 3:19
I.Ps 78:5S
ICo 8 3

-Co 10:19

s l K i 10:13
Jct' 8 : g

IRo 9 : 2 ~
~120
1@:19
fto 11 11
LPe 2:9
cDe 20 a0

y2Ki 23:13

= O r I "And he continued t o cat," If; "He made then1 eat (fed

them),l" L d X X S m ; "That he might eat,''
. : 1 b Or, "curds." Or,
"hearth," d4'wine?' Rel~rew,hhem'es.; f i a t is, stiu foaming ffrm e n t t ~ grrine, Neaniag "Upright one". An honora~ytitle
Israel. Si~lrilarto Sam, LXX: rends : "And J ~ c o bate m d got :

2s:64

:Ge 35:4
Ps 106:3E

:fz;$$s

h g hh.Y

-JoSg:31

zFs 106:37

PS 21 5'

Lg.4:11
Heb 12:29

l7

DEUTERONOMY 32 :17-22

"They went sacrificingwt o demons,&not to

God,h=
Godsc whom they had not known,'
"New ones who recently came in;
Before whom YOUR forefathers had felt no

terror.d0
"The Rocko who fatheredg you, you proceeded to forget,*
And you began t o leave God out of memory, the One bringing you forth with
childbirth pains.3
ID "When Jehovah got to see it, then he came
to disrespect them,'
Because of the vexation his sons and his
Is

Z0

daughtersQgave.*
"So he said, 'Let me conceal my face from

them,*
Let me see what their end will be aftersvard.1
" 'For they are a generation of perverseness,"'
Sons in whom there is no faith.f5n
21 '' 'They for their part have incited me .to
jealousy with what is no god;r
They have vexed me with their vain idols ; g s
" 'And I for m y p& shall incite them to
jealousy with what is no
With a stupid nation I shall offend themnu
PS '' 'For a fire has been ignited in my angerv

a Or,
Hebrow, she.dinzr; LIXSTg, "demons." bUG)od.''
BE.o'nla, hi; Tks.os', EL=;
Rs'us, Tg. c "Gods." El.aJaimr, 31;
the.od', L X X ; de'i, Vg, Or, "about wlioll2 your forefathew hnd not
h o r n . " ei'Rosk," H; "Strong (Xighky] Om," ST; "God,"
LSXTg. f Or, "faithflllness.j7 g Literally, "their ~;mitietl.'~

DEUTERONOMY 32:23-27

664

And it will burn down t o She'oI,&@the "ISa 2:6

lowest place,bw
yIsa a6:13
a4:6
" 'And it will consume the earth and its WPS
g,
"
P$m
2 ~ 3,lo
e
producey
Re 20:Ll
And wilI set ablaze the foundations of s ~ o b9:s
Ps 46:2
m0untains.e
Pa 144:5
H a b 310
zs lr41shall increase calamities upon them;= o~~ 2&24
De 2&:15
My arrows I shall me up on them."
Isa N:18
aps 7 :13
" 'Exhausted from hunger they will
bePand L, 3 3 3
One 2853
eaten up by burning fever'
+De 28.22
~ P 9S1 : ~
And bitter decimationom
" 'And the teeth of beasts I shaII send upon x Jer
~ 2
e 622
153
them,"
P
P
--~
- -5.1
.-7.
With t h e venom of reptiles of the dust.OU:27,i!
*Lm1:20
P5 " 4 h t d o ~a rsword
~
will bereave them."
And indoors" fright,
oag 21112
" 'Of both young man and virgin,O
~
Suckling together with gray-haired man.' 1
26 '"I
should have said: 'T shall disperse
mDe 28:25
them,dm
I will make the mention of them cease from
nLe 2 8 : ~
mortal men,"n
" 'Were it not that 1 was afraid of vexation
rlSa 1 2 : a
from the enemy,'
That their adversaries might misconstrue

it,=

" 'That they might

say: "Our handeo has

proved superior:
And it was not Jehovah who worked d l

this out."U

SEX ~

oJalo:6

~ P 140:s
S

uIsa 3724

Hn'dss, LXX; Ski.uZ', SJT; imf ejJnus, Vg. b Or,

"down to the lowest She'ol." L X X , "to Ha'des bsbw." Literally,
"at tbe interior rooms." Or, ''oleave them in pieces." "Our hand,"
LXXS a m S ~ V gand many Hebrew manuscripts; "Our hands'' (but
aocompanied by a singular verb), M (R. Kittel edition).
a SPeeoZp)MSarn;

o ~ m:7
g
vPfi 8192
HO 4:6

olK14:23

wIsa Z T X i
Jer4:az
Mt 13:15

zs "

For they are a nation on whom counselQ

per is he^,^
And among
- them there is no understanding.=w
eg r t U h that they were wlseIr Then they

wouId ponder over this."

They would consider their end afterward."
8o " ' H ~ W
could one pursue a thousand,
La 1:9
And two put ten thousand to flight?
OJg 2 3 4
" 'Not unless their Rock& had sold themb4
PS 44:la
+Job 1&I1
And Jehovah had surrendered them.c+
@lSa2:2
S1 " 'For their rock is not like o w Rock,d@
.Nu 23.8
n r 1:3
Even our enemies being the ones to decide.ex
Da 2:47
oJg 9:fZ
'' 'For their vineGis from the vine of Sod'omo
OIsa 1:9
#Isa 1:10
And from the terraces of Go.mor%ah.OQ
3er 2:21
Eze 1 6 ~ 6 " 'Their grapes are grapes of poison,'
Their dusters are bitter.
s9 'I 'Their wineo is the venom of big snakes
~:422:44
1
Heb 12:15
And the cruel poison of cobras.1
1Job m
.16
Ps 58:4
54 " 'IS it not laid up with me,
R o 3:13
With a seal affixed to it in my s t o r e h o ~ s e ? ~
mHo 13:12
Ro 2:s
an
"
'Vengeance is mine, and retributi0n.n
nPs 94:1
Na 1:a
At
the appointed time their foot will move
RO 12:19
R e b 10:30
unsteadily,'
r P s 73:1&
Isa 8.15
" Tor the day of their disaster is n e e
sder 10:15
L u 19:44
And the events in readiness for them do
2Pe 2 3
make haste.'t
tIsn 3 0 : ~
sd "For Jehovah will judge his peopleU
,Eg::$
H@b10:30
And he will feel sorry for his servants,'
vPs 9393
"Because he will see that supportE has dis~
2 14%~
i
appearedw
a rock^^ M S m ; "Strong (Mighty) One;, Sy ; "God? LXXVg.
YPS 81:13

""HO1m:43
149

Or, "had deliverd them up," L X X . Literally, "had shut them

up," Tg. fl '(For their gods are not like our God:' L X X ; "For our
God is not like their gods: Vg. Or, "And our enemies are jndges,"
Tg; "But o u r enemies are senseless," LXX. Or, "among my supplies.,' g Literally, %and."
b

And there is only a helpless and worthless

onea
Sr"And he will oerhjnly say: 'Where are

030s 29:7
fieis gods,my
y Jer 2 9 8
The rock in whom they sought refuge,cz ~ E T Q X : ; ~ ~
'Who used 10 eat the fat of their sacrlfices,
To drink the wine of their drink off~rings?~
" 'Let them get up and help your4
Let them become a hiding place for YOU.
+Ira4114
aD " 'SEEnow that 1-1
am he"
Ins 48:11
And there are no gods together with me! r B X h 4 : s
Tsa 45:5
-I.% a:a
" 'I put to death and I make dive.da
I have severely wounded and 1-1 WIN
heal,OB
And there is no m e matching out of my

I
I

hand.'

'O

" 'For I raise my hand to heaven fn an oath'

I1

And I do say: ''I am alive to etemity,''@m

'If I do indeed sharpen my gIittering
~word,~n
And my hand should take hoId on judgment,'
'' '1 will pay badr vengeance to my adver-

11"

=:,
~ar~eso"
9 DC3
2:B
And render rehibution to those who In- !:: ;i2$
tic*
Ue 2~1.5
.i..?.
tensely hate me-t
" " 'Ia h a intoxicate my arrows with blood,u ,'I:",'r7$i%
I C 3 ~5 : ~
While m y sword will eat flesh,v
V l L c :4R:21

Litcr~Ug,"ady one reatrained and one let

(or, abandoned)."
Yctica Iealamsnttrm, VYoL 11, No. 4, 0otoKr 1062, pnEm 371973, "Gods." EZ.o.hh', 3fSnm; hai $kc.oi', IiI;XX; di'i, Vg,
"Where are their gods upon whom they put thpir tl-ust?'' L X X ;
"TTkore are their gods in whom they had confidonwt" Vg, Or,
"I preserve alive? Or, "ali~eforever"; or, "alive to time indefinite.'l Litmaltg., "the lightning of m
y mrd."
a

8
.
1

-1

DEUTERONOMY 32:43--49

667
it

WLS

25

Ro 1510 ,

Re 7:9
zJer 13:14
LU 1E:7
Re 6.10
nNa l : a

W9th the blaad of the slain and the cap-

f ives,a
With the hends of the leaders of the
enemy.lbw
4a '+Be glad, YOU nations, with his p e ~ p l e , ~
For he will avenge the blood of his

servants,%

"And he will pay back vengeance to his

adversariesn

And will indeed make expiation for the

w~%:I
p u n d of his people."dA
QJ=3s
44 Thus Moses came and .spoke all the words"
0
~ of this
~ sang
: in the
~ henrinp of the people,. he and
*NUm18. Ha.sheParthe son of Nun.'
After Moses finish& speakha all these words to all Lqrael, % he
went on to say to them: "Apply mu^ hearts
t o all the wcrrds that I m speakjng in warning
to yaug t ~ d a y that
, ~ YOU r n ~ ycommand YOUR
*$&
lm ?:I9 sons t o take care to do all the words of this law."
-De6.7
=Heb 2:1 d 7 For it is no valueless word Pox YOU,* but it
means YOUR life,' and by this word YOU may
*Esz9
RO m : 5
lengthen YOUR days upon the soil to which YOU
ngguare crossing the Jordan to take possession of it.""
# And Jehovah proceeded to speak t o Moses
on this same day, saying: '* ' G o up into this
mountain of Ab'a.rfm,tb"M m t Ne'ho,O which
Ag:g;g
@mSQ:lis in the land d Mo'ab, which filonts toward
Jer'i.cho,O and see the land of Ca'naan," which
Literally, "the c a p t i ~ j $ . ~b ~Or, " t h ~long-haired h e ~ dof the wemy." c L;EX(B) readrr : "Be glad, 0 h~nvena,tagether with him,
and let dl the angels of God wornhip 1 ~ 1 1 1 .ne glnd, YOU nationg,
with hie people, and let all tho sons of God etrengttlen hhemsel.rles
in him." Compare Hebrews 1 : 8, a Literally "for tiis ground, for
hls people," N. "For hia g r a n d ~ n dfor his people," S y ; 9 h e
froand (land) of hia eaplo," BarnLJY,YVg, SiternIly, "ears."
Meaning "Salvation1'. he o r i p i n ~ lnnma of Joshua, g Or, "in
witnes e g a i n p t ~oa.'' Or, "the borderland!'

DEUTERONOMY 32:50--33 :2

668

669

DEUTERONOMY 33s--8

mog5:4
I: am giving to the sons of Israel as a posses8 'We was also cheflshing his people;a*
yPs 4 2 4
a E s 19:6
sion."' "Then die on the mountain into whicl~?$lTij
All theirb holy ones are in your handmx
1Sa ?:o
you are going up and be gathered t o your pea- we 3 . w
P E X W : ~ ~ "And Ithey-they
redlnd at your feet;cr
*Ex m:m
pIe,' just as Aaron yozw brother died on Mount F,p;zj:s
They began to receive some of your wards."
>):?I
Hornand got to be gathered t o hls pmple, 8 1 for ux.
CJos 3:7
('%loses laid as a command3 upon us a law,d*
N U :13:38
D J w 1:s
the reason that YOU men acted undutifulIy toThe possession of the congregation of
OJos N.4
ward me" in the middle of the sons of Israel nt w~ m:13
Jacob.) O b
8 De 4:s
the waters of MerTi.bah*of Ka'desh In the wil- ' N U m:lS
cJas 2.2
"And
he came t a be k1ngVn Jeshpu.run,e+
*De3k15
derness of Zin, for the reason that YOU men did
When
the heads of the people gathered
not sanctifyQ me in t h e middle of the sons of is15n7:1
&EX
thernsel~es,~
Israel.1 u? For from a distance you will see the ~;~~~~
*NP1:44
The entire number of the tribes of Israel.'
Imd, but you will not go there into the land
vsOa4:z
"Let
Reu'ben3 live" and not die off,"
0Jos 6:17
NU m u
that 1 am giving to the sons of I ~ r a e l . " ~
W e 493
n o fl:n
But
may he become few In number.""
K u 3231
JOS 2 2 : ~
Now this is the blessing" with which
And
this
was Judah's blessing,g as he went
~ ; g
1Ch 5:l
Moses the man of Gudar blessed the sons rJps$:s
' G e 44.8
on to say:*
of Israel before his death. And h e proceeded '+ttlb
Wear, 0 Jehovah, the voice of Judafipm
;Lu 3:22
to say:
And may you bring him to his people.&
$314 18:~.a
APs 7 8 5 0
3-,Tan
.r~
5:s
136
Lu 1:32
"Jehovaho came from Si'naPm
"His
arms have contended for what is his,hb
0 J R 1.2
And flashed forth from SerJr upon them.r ;,y,";da
2Sa ;:I
And
may you prove yourself a helper from
OJos 5:13
"He beamed forth from the mountainous re- v !1ii1~3;?
'2% 7:9
his
adversaries.""+
IIn 71lU
G e 49:5
gion of Patran,u
A,- 7153
And
as
to Le'vi he said:@
XEX
25.30
C;n 3:19
Le 8:s
And with him were holy myrfads,bv
J u d ~Lb
"Your U'rim and your Thumpmimi belong to
y e 7365
Ac 2:T
At his rightc hand warriors of theirs.aw
;:&
the man of your laving-klndness,~'
AC 13:s
I"God!' Y S q ha-Ebo-him'; I;=, ha Tkt.od. Eere both the
a (TLs people," La;" ~ p l q "MSamSgVg. Pea I@ would mean
I

33

,"c:

:;:r

Hebrew and the Gmk have the definite nrtirle b~forotlrc title
*'God'', but this is the genera1 form of the nxpwaeion "mnn 06 God",
8c-2 Jo~11un14: 6; Judges 13: 6'8. b Or,''Lena of thousnnrls of holy
ones." a Or, "And vith him were myriads of ICu'rlp~h, at his r i ~ l l t
hand w.nrriors [or, an@]
thereof.'! Bcc Tlre Jozir~~rrl
aJ T71eologir*rrl SltrrFiee, Vol. LI, P a ~ 1,
t of Ayril, TlrS1, p n p s 30, 31, LXX
rcnda : "With [the] myriads of Kn d e ~ h ;n t J ~ i aright hnnrl R I ~ R P ~ B
[weye! with him.." Vg rends : "And with him thon.nnd~ of holy
ancr n his right hand [there m ~ s ]a flerg lam." In ngreeliler~twith
Vg the ma~bginalreading of the Hebrew text brenka up the IIebrlrm
wnsd e e h . d l a t l r ~ n t othe two words rbk datk, rrliich would rend, "the
flrc of R Inrr," or, "a i i e q law." But this ~ o u l dintroduce into the
I'rntnteuch a Persian loan-word ( d a t h ) , which is elsewhere %and
only in the books of Esther and Ezra.

a tbar mtmton. b or, &%in." Rar this H F ~ ~ W

pronoun may he nwd in t h C~ O ~ ~ W nmse,
~ ~ V Qrrfsrsing te I pcople
and tllcg-thqv follo~v~rl
fit your feet." The
('om). = Or,
naesnmg of tEY$htAw T E T ~ie law O,IRNII~~E.I.=,
-And thme nre
under you"; 7'g, "And tllcy who npp~-onrhhis fret (reoeive so~ne
of his teaehinp)!"
i h I i X o ~lnid
( ~ ~ ns a coa~mnnd upon us n law."
These words arc aonsiderail hy ~ o l i l st o hr n loss from the ninrgin,
so that they should hc delotetl. JLenriinfi "Upri$t one". An honorary title for Israel, f A rarrectior~is proposed 1)y R, ICittel to
make this read: "And let hill numh~rb c c o n ~porn
~ lot8 (perfect)."
LXX, " ~ n cirt~him be prrat in numilrr9'; \t,4 ~ ~ n R lhim
a t iw s n l a ~
in number;" g "Bleasi~~p."
Inserted h ~ r rti*. sense In ngrwrnent
with P m e 1. h Or, "eontrndecl for hi~u!' 1 Scs Exodan 28 : 30, fimb
footnote. OrJ "your ~ikanof loyd Iove."

the Israelite t r i h

DEUTERONOMY 33 :9-13

"&17:'
Whom you put t o the test a t Mas'sah."
You began to contend with him by the waU ~20:13
u
ters of Merti.bah,*
P s 815
" m e man who said to his father and his
@Josa:la
mothel-,.,"
'I: have not seen him."
1Ze 21:ll
Even his brothers he did not a c h ~ w l e d g e ~, n~E x32:n
wos 5:z
And his sonsChe did not knowan
nLe 10:6
r L e 10:7
"For they kept your saying,r
And your covenant they continued to obSNU 25:13
sesvebg
Mal 2:s
IQ "Let them instruct Jacob i
n your judicial
t Le IO:II
decisionst
17:9
12
2~:s
And IssaeI in your law.u
uZCh 17:9
"Let them render up incense before your g;,"gZ3
nostrilsv
Ma1 27
And a whole-offering on your altar.Ow :%,"$67;
li "BIess, 0 Jehovah, his vital energy,Y
1Sa1Z :8B : ~
And may you delightfully accept the activ- ;2
;
Eze 43%'
ity of his hands."
yDe 18:s
"Wound those severely in their loins who rise zg;
UAC 23:4
up against him,"
And those who intensely hate him, that
A h m 530
they may not rise up."a
OJOS
o ~ 49%
e1 8 : ~
l 8 As to BenjaminC he said :
"Let the beloved one of Jehovah tent in
security by him,@
SJOS
IHI
12:n
18:ll
xPsm:27
While he shelters him the whole day,"
And he must tent between his shoulders."' $';:
W b s 14:4
lY
And as to Josepha he said:'
*Ge 49:22
"May his land be continually blessed from
Jehavakl
1Ge
JOS418:1
9:s
With the choice things of heaven, with ,~n:as
Isa 18:4
dew,&m
Zec 8:12
a Or,$1'3
heaven above," wecording t o two Etebrew manuscripts ,and

To. See Genesis 49 : 25.

sn

670
nlKi 18:s

r1

W a s 24
rEX 23:16
IS^ m4
sLe 26:5
De 28:8

tGe 37%

Jer 8:22
J 8~ 4.5:11.
~ J D S24:33

uGe 49:26
JOB

m a

Hab 3:6
24:l
w E x 3:2
EX 9 4
Ac 7:30

VPS

yGe 37:7

G e 399
Ge
47:28

zlCh 5:2

PS 78 57

5 3 0 ZT:l
~
PS

%la

2 3 : ~

Ps 22321

Ps 92:lCI

OlKi 11:2%
lrri a 2 0

1K112:n

Z C 2~9 3

&

CeP820

XU 26:n
eNu 26:34
OTOS 132
XGe 49:13
3Jos 19:lO

*Jas IQ:II

Jg 5:14
4914

.Ge

woS
130s l'i:10
19:17
Y g 5%

Isa 2:3

hfle 4.2

nPs 4 5
Pe 50.14
PS 51:~7

DEUTEXDNOMY 33 :1 6 1 9

And 114th the great quantity of watera

lying down below,n
l U a d with the choice things, the products
of the s ~ n , ~ f
And with the choice thin= the yield of
the months,"
"And with the choicest from the mountains
of the east,t
And with the choice things of the everlasting hills,Ou
lBdlAnd
with the choice things of the earth
and its fulhess,V
And with the approval of the One tenting
in the t h ~ r n b u s l r . ~
"May they come upan t h e head of Joseph~
And upon the crown of the head of the one
singled outb from his bmthers.a
I f "As the first-born of an ox his splendor is,=
And his horns are the horns.ofa wiId bu1LcA
"With them he will push peoplesQ!
Altogether t o the ends of t h e earth,
"And they are the tens of thousands of
Fphra.irn,*+
And they are the thousands of Masast~ e h . ' ~
And. as ta &W~x.lun~
he said: "
"Rejoice, 0 Zeb'u.lun, in your going out,'
And, I s ' s a . ~ h a r ,i~
n your tents."
l0
"Peoples to the mountain they will call.'
There they will sacrifice the sacrificm of
righteousness.m

Ox, "with the watery deep." L X X , ' S t h the abyasss of fauntains"; Bg, "with the abv&s," as at Gene& 1:2, fmtnotec.
""The one singled oat.'' EIBam, na.zir', translated Waz'i.rite"
(dedioahd, separated one) at h'umbers 8 : 2,13,18-20. Or, "a
bufEalo."
a

"For they will suck" the abounding wealth of

the seascr
And the hidden hoards of the sand."as
O' And as t o Gado he said;
"Blessedo is the one widenhg the borders of
Gad.~
As a lionb he must tentv
And he must tew the arm, yes, the crown
of the headmw
af "And he will pick out the first' part for
him self,^^

'

$3:,

n.,"
9De 38:2
rIsa 605
s~r31:16

."

lGe 49~20

nPr 3:4
LU z:36
01Sa 10:l

~ J o s14313

rJob 29:6
&Jos6:19

1325
138
1ch 1237

sDe 8.9

UJOS
JOS

vlCh 12.8

tIsa 40:31
ttDe 32:1g

wlch 5 2 0
yPPu32:1
ZNU 32:s

""And the commerce of the inhabitants of the seaooast," L X X ;

the hidden treasures af the sands," Vg, b The Hebrew here
gives the Asiatic word for "lion". Literally, "he will see the f i s t
part is his." Vg reads: "And he saw the first place (pre-eminence)
ta be his?' d "His praeribed allotment." That is the proposcd
reading. But 31 literally reads, "the allotrllent (share) of R COUImander," Tg reads, "in hia pait t h e leacher ( ~ r a slnid up, or,
reserved).''
That ia the proposed reading. But 31, as supported
b~ Vg, appears to read literally: T o r there n-ns the allotment of
n. corrunnnder covered in. Arid he proceeded. to come [with] the
heads of the people," Probably the rearhg ~houldbe; "The sea
and its fish are his possessionml'But LXXSyl.'g read: "The weat
and the south he will inherit (take possession o f )
f

673
m"1B:s

asos
tGe 49:19
4 : ~

For there is his prescribed alIotment.d5 JOS

30"22:1
az:4
"And the heads of the people will gather
DEgi$l
themselves together.ea
J K 5:z
5i9
The righteousnessmof Jehovah will he cerA J 5:ll
~
tainly execute
OGe 4 9 3 6
g
And his judicial decisions with Israel."* +J g~ 13:24
14:6
~g 15:8
8 2 And as to Dan he said:
J g 16:30
OJZ 14:5
"Dan is a liono cub.'
w a s g:10
He will leap out from B a ' ~ h a n . " ~
W 0 8 18:47
Jg 1 8 3
" And as to Naph'taJi he said:"
E
:8:1:2&
"Naph'ta-li is satisfied with the approval
%
;
And full of the blessing of Jehovah."
Isa %I
"Do take possession of t h e west and south."f*
&.::';"*
"hd

c
VPS
JQ
18:10
"lo
~
PS m:33
nVPsM:4
Fs 10k3
1sa 19:l

Wos 2:11
>-Ps 90:l
x~~ 9 1 , ~

+RS

9:3

-JOS 7:8

zDe 4:3
De 31:4
n E x 3.~16
NU 239

Jer 23:6
*PS m:z6
Isa 43:1
-DG8:s
I
I

EGe 2i:ZB

De 1 1 : ~

GIKi
Cdos 5:2

"Nu 23:21

Ps 144:15

'
I

#De 4:7
2Sa 7:29
0 ~ ~ 5
CJos 5 13
* h a 12:2
1Ge 15:l
+Ja 7:20
GlSa 9:lZ
n 2 ~ Z:G
a
r D e 32:13

DEUTERONOMY 33 :24-29

s4 And as t o Ash'er he said:

r r B I e ~ ~with
e d sons is Ashfer.m
Let him become one approved by his
brotXlers,n
And one dipping his foot in oil.Or
za "Irono and copper are your gate 3ocks,a
And in proportion to your days is your
IeisureIy walk.at
au'There is none like the Godboof Jesh'~.run,~~
Who rides upon heaven in aid of youv
And upon dust cloudsd in his eminence.ew
" "A hiding place is the Godo of ancient time^
And underneath are the everlasting arms."
"And he will drive away from before you the
enerny,Ob
And he wilI say, 'Annihilate t h m ! ' e
88 "And Israel will tent in security:
The fountain of Jacob by itself,"
"Uponf a land of grain and new wine.'
Yes, his heavens will let the dew drip down.d
se "Happy3 YOU are, 0 I~rael!~"
Who is there like you,*
A peopIe enjoying salvation in Jehovah?"
"A
~ shielda your helper is,'
And he who is a sword0is your eminent one.'
"Sa your enemies will cringe before you,g"
And you-upon their highu places you wiI1
tread."hr

Or, rryclurgait." 'rGod.'' YSam, E!; LXK, k o Tke.08'. Meaning

"Upright one1' An honorary title for Israel. L X X , "the loved one."
d Or, ' ' u p ~ n
the firnlament."
rends : "And the magnificent one
crf the firmament"; Vg, "By his magnificence the clouds rmn to and
" U p ~ n , ~Sam;
'
"to (for),'' hi. g Or, "will pretend to be obedient to you." h It i~1to be noted that themention of the hibe of Sbnfe.on
speuifically is not included in the abor-e blessing upon all Israel. But
with Le'vi named and also the tr~besof E'phra.im and Ma.nasf~eh,
which deacended from Joseph, the number of tribes remains twelve.

DEUTERONOMY 34:I-9

67'4

11

675

DEUTERONOMY 34 :1&12

0 J ~ ~ 4 : ~to
o him and they went to doing just as JehovahO
Then Moses proceeded t o go up from the
sJOg
had
commanded M o ~ e s la
, ~But there has never
desert plains of Mo'abc into Mounto Net- ~ J 0O 11:21
1392
Ss
yet
risen
up
a
prophet0
in Israel like Moses,t
bo, to the top of .Pislgah,a which fronts toward sxu 21:20
:A5Ac y;a:=gl,
I
whom Jehovah knew face to face,u as respects
Jer'i.ch0.t And Jehovah went showing him all tr*runa
d1 the signs and the wonders0that Jehovah sent
?:$:h&l,"
t h e land, Gil'e.ad3 as far as Dan,"" 2 a n d a1&
$,1:;;;
xu 12 8 him to do in t h e land of Egypt to Phar'aoh and
Naph'ta.lio and the land of EJphra.im and Ma- ",zf's?g
vDe4:34 all his servants and all his land,' " and as renas'seh and dl the land of Judaho as far as the 2Joa 1i:21
gards all the strong hand and all the great aweWestern sea,a3v and the Neg/ebw and the Dis- 3,J,0:::14
someness that Mwes exercised before the eyes
trict,bWe valley plain of Jerri.cho,O the city of ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ; j 6
=:8 of all 1srael.W
rvDe
1
:7
the palm trees,= as fa^ as 2 0 ' a r . ~ ~
ydg 1 3 6
4 And Jehovah went on to say to him: "This ZG'IB:=
is the land about which I have sworn to Abrahm,p Isaacp and Jacob, saying, T o your seeddp ;$&3
I shaII give it.'' I have caused you t o see it with 8 ;&
your own eyes, as you will not cross over there."" m u 20:12
De 3 2 7
5 After that Moses the servante of Jehovaho 6 , $ ~ 4;":
died there in the land of Mo'ab a t the order of
Jehovah."' a And he proceeded t o bury3 him in Zi;; &a,
t h e valley in the land of Mo'ab in front of +7,",";:;4
Beth-petor? and nobody has come t o know his
gravea down to this day." And Moses0 was a ~
~
~
:
~
~
2
hundred and twenty years old a t his death." His ;g,";z2
eye had not g u m dim* and his vital strength *Ge 48:10
1 De 33:ll
had not fled.' And t h e sons of Israel proceeded J~~14:11
to weepQfor Moses on the desert plains of Mo'ab "Jg 2:4
thirty days.m At length the days of weeping of mNu20:29
the mourninf period for Moses were completed, 'ISa 6:19
9 And Joshuao the son of Nun was full of the OJDS
spiritCof wisdom,On for Moses had laid his hand
Fi:l:41:PD
upon him,' and the sons of Israel began t o listen

34

Literallyl "the hinder pea." b Or,"Basin') Rebrew, kiL.karr. Gompare Genesis 13: 10-12,footnoteb. For veyses 1-3, "And Jehovah
went showing him . . . as fax as Zo'ar," Sam reads: "And Jehovah
went showing him all the land from the river of Egypt to the great
river, the river Eu.phra'tes, and t o the Western sen?' Compare Qenais 15 : 1 8 ; Deuteronomy 11: 24, "01; "offspring." Or, "dave."
a

677
t

care to do according t o a11 that is wrifAen in it,'

:;B
!,' 1$0

JOSHUA

JOSHUA 19-16

for then you will make your way successful and

then you will act w i ~ e l y , ~Have I not comm
Be courageous and strong.4 Do
A n d it came about after the death*of Moses 'DO m1
:,b,y;,? a n d d
n
o
t
suffer
shock'
or be terrified," for Jehovah"
the servant&of Jehovah that Jehovah pro:f:,"z0;19
~ . L ) P31:8
your
God
is
with
you
wherever you go."'
ceded to say to Joshuabs: the son of Nun, the cJog S:1
Jtrs H:l
*I>S
2::i
10
h
d
Joshua
proceeded
to cornand the
ministerA of M o ~ e s :' 'Woses
~
m y servanta is zgyi,
JI-r 1:W
l '"ass
through
OJ 5,s A ,n ofHcers3of the people, saying : '
dead;$ and now get up, cross this Jordan, you
pg
t h midst
~
of the camp and command the people,
and d
l this people, into the land that I am giv- 2: 7:-::,
im13
say in^, 'Get provisions ready for yourselves, being them, wen the sons of Israel." Every place ""F:Nx u 2ll:m
s:
upon which the sole of YOUR foOt will tread, to :NI)eU 2:.1R
*gt,%i1 cause three* days from now YOU a r e mssing
this Jordan to go in and take possession of the
YOU people I shall certainly give it, just as I prom- r'c 3.25
lnnd t h a t Jehovah YOUR God is giving You to
11:24
ised t o Mws.~ *Fromthe wiiderness ando this
'De9:3
trike passession of it.' "'
Lebanon t o the great river: the river Eh.phra'- -JOB
De
11:31
;2% ?4:2
6:3
on 3:a
12 And to the Reu'ben.ites m d the Gad'ltes
tes," that is, all the land of the H i t ' t i t e ~ and
, ~ :Jllg 12:s
@Jo112:e and the half tribe of Ma.nas'seho Joshua said:
t o the Great sea toward the setting of the sunm' J o ~ ~ I : ~ D
OJ88:34
2433
"Let there be a rememberingab of the word
YOUR territory' will prove t o be.' Nobody will ?JOE
:
r,
e 15:tR
that Moses the servant of Jehovah commanded
take a firm stand before you all t h e days of your 5; $
';[:;
you, saying, 'Jehovah YOUR God is giving YOU
life: Just as I proved t o be with Moses I shall
2izg
rest and has glven YOU this land,O "YOUR
prove to be with you.' I shall neither desert you H u e 7:2.1
u#~B$,20
@JazI:T wlves,"ou~ little ones and YOUR livestock will
nor forsalre you." 9
~
ecourageous and strong," g,:!;:
dwell In the land that Moses has given YOU on
for you are the one who tvilI cause this people ' ~ ; $ j ~ ~
*JO# 2:7
this side of the Jordan," but YOU men will pass
to Inherito the land that I swore t o their fore- ;[;;g;;4
1 3 : ~over in battle formationAbefore YOURbrothers,
~sn
.15#.1
fathers to give to them.'
:Nu 3-1:17
all t h e v a l I a n t m i g h t y G m e n , o a n d ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~
7 "Only be courageous and very strong t o +Lip 26 3
L1rlB 1o:lfi them. ' 8 First when JehovahQgives rest to YOUR
take care to do according to aU t h e law that
brothers the same as t o YOU and they also have
Moses my servant comanded3you. Do not turn ;JD","J$$
taken possession of the land that Jehovah YOUR
aside from it to the right or t o the left," in order 'DCh
-Dern '1
"Urn17
ti
God
b giving them,' then YOU must return to
t h a t you may act wisely everywhere you go.' ?)c:lr.i4
the land of YOUR holding and take possession of
T h i s book of the la+ should not depart from ,"Ft5z;G1
@Jm22:4 itla the one that Moses the servant of Jehovah
35
your mouthe*and you must in an undertone read
has given YOU on the side of the Jordan toward
in it day and night' in order that you may take i" m9
tlae rising of the sun.' "a Or, "slave!' b literally, "Je.hosh8u.r," 11; "Jesns" (:I~uo~:),
, 16 AccorrElngBy they answemd Joshua, sayA n ; uyi.shn',"' SF; "SO'SU.~," Tg. Meaning "Jehovah 13 salvn"Rernrmtbering." This verb in the Hebre~vis i n the M t i v e ahsotion". see Hebrews 4 :8, footnotee. Or, possibly, "up to!'
nlC"21:13

8r>

" ~ g

6'78

Iutr, hence inipetmonnI and indefinite as to lime. See Exodus 20; 8.

I
ing: "All that you have commanded us we shall
do and wherever you may send us we shall go.'$
:?;:'
I7As we listened to Moses in everything, so
,;;;f;&
we shall listen to you. Only may Jehovah your GC 2b:2.1
~ o prove
d
to
with YOU* just as f ~ h eproved to ?.;"a*';'rilk
l i l I ?f
be with Moses.
man that behaves re- 1I:<j~::;l
belliously3 against your orderz and does not ~
~
listen to your words in all that you may corn. ; ; ; 1 ; ; ~ 3
mand us will be put to deatheCA
Only be ooura5;,!;q_is
gmus and strong."'i
lqn ! ! t a
Then Joshua the son of Nurr sent two men &;,'#':,";i:'
out secretly fmm Shit'timaLRS spies.' say- '2': 7
ing: "Go, take a look at the land and Jer9i.cho.''m
So they went and came t o the house of a woman, a prostitute,' and her name was RaV~ab,':9t"$i1
and they took up lodging there. In time it was :$b$$;31
said to the king-of Jer'i-cho: "Look! men from 3~Tos
the sons of Israel have come in here tonight
t o search out the land." "At
t h a t the Iring of
Jer'i.cho sent to Ra%ab to say: "Bring out the
men that came t o you, that have come into your
house, for it h to search out a11 the land that
they have come."*
AGe
2% 4a:9
10:3
4 Meantime the womanG took the two men U J ~ s : 2 4
17:1@
and concealed them.' And she proceeded to say:
"Yes, the men did come to me and I did not
knerv from where they were. bAnd it came
a b u t at the closing of the gate4 by darko that t&yl$!g
the men went out. I just do not know where the
men have gone. Chase after them quickly, far
YOU will overtake them." [She: though, had
taken them up to the roof' and she kept them lsn 119
out of sigW among staIks of flax* laid in rows ~&!'(:?j?z
for her upon the roof.) And the men chased *F:zj?~,
after them in the direction of the Jordanz at 350s4:L
a Or, "the aoada trees."

679
3:s
J K 12 9

I
(
~

JOSHUA 29-14

the fords,Dand they shut the gate immediately

after those chasing ~ f t e rthem had gone out.

8 As for these, before they could lie dotm
she herself came up to them an the roof. And
AE;
11,8:,l she went on t o say to the men: '9 do Imo+
ice i w a that Jehovah ~ $ 1certainly
1
give ~ o the
v landv
( ;C 15.1S
and
that
the~fright~ of you has fallen upon us'
s,z:a
;
l
~
~ ~ ~ and
~ that
f ~ all
~ the
l a inhabitants of t h e land have
-<;,* :i=.
: become dishearIened because of TOW.' lo Far rve
1
have heard how Jehovah drled up the waters of
bEx 1.1:21 the Red sea from before YOU when YOU came
lTr,l.l
of Egypr and what YOU did to the two kings
$p out
- ' ~ L I 21.24
of
the
Am'or.iteso who were on the other side
SLI21.311
of the Jordan," namely, Si'hon and Og, whom
up?:30
nu 3:i
YOU devoted to destruction.* When we got to
*rjrl3:3
F1:u 14:l4
hear it," then our hearts began to meltAand no
,
spiritn has arisen yet in anybody because of
fop Jehovah YOUR God 9s Godb0 in the
CFdrrs
J X 35:1
7
d:38
heavens above and on the earth beneath.' l2 And
I l i i R.RO
now, please, swear@to me by Jehovah that, bel'.uP3.18
enuse 1have exercised loving-klndnessa toward
J:i$?
csos 9:15 YOU, Ir0u also will certainly exercise lovhg!,:, ,,
Jr.1. I:!
kindness0 toward the househoId of my father,'
-1.u
~ d l n21.14 m d YOU must give me a trusbvorthyO sign."
~ E : x 1 2 10
n: 17
h n d YOU must preserve alive my father' and
l S ~'1
t :14
my motherc and my brothers and my sister6
r . ~ ,1;.?2
,~
.JK
' md all who belong t o them and you must de~ ~ ~ ~ : , 3 V l i our
v e rsoul
" sf^ from death."
14s 414 At that the men said to her: "Our soulse
C E x 21.27
are to die instead of YOU people!" If YOU will not
tell bout this matter of ours, then it must occur

,, ,.,,

'

k t 1

'

,, ,,,
Or,

%JUI.R~=-.'' RdflhJ,,ni; ptlelr'rnn, L,KT; spiFn'-taa,Vg. "God."

Ilrhrew, E'!.n.]rin8', witltottt t hr! ctefini te s ~ ~ t i c lLa,
e though followiog.
tire. vcrbnl pronoun h*. Corihpnre ncut~ranonip4 : 36, fmtnote*.
C Vr, ."la).nl locc," d d ' S ~ ~dl\ r~e ~
" ~ & ' ~(iW
~ Athe pIwd lumber), h1;
pr!t.clrFr, L X S ; n'r~i.twr (in thc plural), Tg. Literally, "soul."
.'ir.plr'cslt, $ 1 ; pty.rlrfr, LXK; cr'tti.ttm, Vg.

JOSHUA 2:15-22

680

that when Jehovah gives US the land, then we

shall certainly exercise loving-kindness& and
trustworthinessb toward you,'jb After that she *P:Fim
4:r.
had them descend by a rope through the window,O for her house was on a side of the waU";:,5;%
ancl it was on the wall that she was d ~ e l l i n g .o ~ ~
h
n
ld
she proceeded to say to them: IdGot6 the 2c0,:,I
mountainous region, that those in pursuit may Ilch l1:3
not come in contact with YOU, and YOU must
keep hid there three days, until those in pursuit
have come back, and afterward you may go in
+lSa 2394
aoun own direction."'
P S 11:1
17 In turn the men said t o her: "We are free
from guilt respecting this oath0 of yours that aJos*m
you have made us 9%-ear,*
" Look! We Rre corn- r yu
ing into the land. This cord of scarlet' thread]-NU 19:6
you should tie in the window by which you have Keb 3 1 9
had us descend, and your father and your rnothcr and your brothers and all the household of
your father you should gather to yourself into
the house." I W n d it must occur that Rnyone *?&1,;;:
who goes out of the doors of your house into the ES 8:6
open,' his bloodo wiIl be upon his own headcc
and we shall be free from guilt, and everyone *glyg
who continues with you in the house, Blfs blood r L e mo
will be on our heads if a hand should can>&upon "'':I6
him,* ' O h d if you should report this matter Afg;;;;
of oursto then we shall have become free from
gbg
guilt respecting this oath of yours that you have
made us swear." 2f TOthis she said: "According
to YOUR ~vordsso let it be."
IVt th that she sent them atmy, and they went
their way. After that she tied the scarlet cord
in the window. 2 2 SO they went and came t o the
mountainous region and kept dwelling there
Or, "loyal love," b Or, "truth; f ~ i t h f ~ ~ l n e ~ ~ . ~ ~

?&z

/
~

three days, until the pursuers had come back.

Now the pursuers were looklng for them on
+:.9,"&T+m every road, and they did not find thm.' " And
the two men proceeded t o desce~wl gain from
the mountainous region and t o cross over and
come
t o Joshua the son of Nun, and they began
~
&
~
to relate
to him all the things that had happened
to
them.
4 d they went on to say to Joshua:
23!3t

.,

"Jehovah has given a11 the land into our hand."

Consequently all the inhabitants of the land
Jns
us :,:I 11. have also gram disheartened because of us."'
F.1 I'B h:Z
Then Joshuao got up early in the morning?
.)JOY 7:14
and he and all the sons of I.srael proceeded
to
pull
away from Shit'ttmg and to come as f a r
*
I?;:,
*~cl~:tO
as t h e Jordan,' and they went spending the
night there before they would cross.
2 So it came about at the end of the three
daysc
that the officersA proceed4 to pass
o J o 111s
ADO
aI:~~
through
the midst of the camp A and to comvo231,1R
nt!
0;:
JUS 1:1o
rnancl the people, saying: "As soon as You see
Gdor A:4
YOUR God,O
aNu Icj:aB the Ark" of the covenant of J e h o v ~ h
and
the
priests
t
h
e
Eevltes7
carrylng
it,' then
-Xu 4:15
n* 3!- 1) YOU yourselves will pull away from YOUR place
Jua 6.6
2 ~ 6:13
n
and ~ o must
v follow it," a -only let there prove
PI:< 13:2t
to 'be a distance between YOU and It of about
.Exl@.* two thousand cubits by measure;' do not get
near to it-in order that YOU may know the
way by which YOU should go, for sow have not
passed over on that way before."
5 Joshua now said to the people: ''Sanctify*
*E:$;+o
yourselves,
Jehov~hwill do won~;y;; derful thingslorintomorrow
I S:
YOUR midst."'"
-1's SF,:1O
6 Then Joshua said t o the priests: 'Take up
CNU~ 10u 33~ :the
l ~ Ark of the covenantc and pass before the
people," So they took up the Ark of the covenant and went before the people,

4:$;!,K c 9 : 1

~ P : Y15 15
:j

JOSHUA 3 :7-14

682

7 And Jehovah proceeded to say to Joshua;

"This day I shall s t a r t t o make you great in the
eyes of all Israel: that they may know that Afg$ii,
just as I proved t o be with Moses I shall prove
1:5
to be with you.O And you-you
should corn- OJOS
Jos 3:17
man$ the priests carrying the Ark of the cove- acl1
15:U
C11 29:30
nant, saying, A s soon as you have come as far 2ye
- 12:24
as the edge of the waters of the Jordam you
EX 1493
should stand" still in the Jordan.' "
La 3 2 6
9 And Joshua %venton to say t o the sons of
Israel : "Approach here and listen to the words" "Jg 11:11
of Jehovah YOUR God,'Ixl0After that Joshua "e4:1
said: "By t k YOU will h o w that a living0 ORu2:20
God@ is in YOUR midsf? and that he will without ~
$
~
fail drive away from before YOU the Ca'naan- $g:i;;"
ites and the Hit'tites and the Hi'vites and t h e O;O;E~T;
Per'iz-zites and the Gifga-shites and the Amt- iilt 16:16
mites and the Jeb'u.sites,* " Look! the Ark of Web 10:31
the covenant of the Lordb0of the whole earthe zi;
is passing before YOU into the J ~ r d a n l2. ~And "C& ;!i2l
now take for yourselves twelve men from the
Eip
tribes of Israel, one man for each tribe." l3And De T:I
PS ad:a
it must occur that a t the instant that the soles 5JOb 41:11
of the feet of the priests carrying the Ark of Flay&
Jehovah, the Lord of the whole earth, rest in ,f:,","i,"
the waterso of the Jordan, the waters of the 3J.s 9:al
Jordan will be cut off, the waters descending
from above, and they will stand still as one I E X I ~ : ~
P S 33:7
darn."O
- Ps 7 8 2 3
114:3
14 And it came about that when the people Ps
11
ah 3 2 5
"2f
pulled away from their tentss just before passing over the Jordan, with the priests carrying

a".4 living

God." EE Lkay, M; Ihe.os' z d ~ LXS;

,
Da'mi.t2us Ds'ers

wirrens, Vg. Here the Hebrew adjective kltuy ("li~-i~ig'j]

is in the
singular ntmher. 'rLord.''A..d6nf, M; K!yfvi.os, LXT; Do'~~i../aas,
Vg. The H e b r e x noun is singular. Contrast Deuteronomy 10: 17.

+Ex25:lO
De 10:5
De 31:26
f os 3:6
2Ch 6 41
Ps U2:8

Jer 316
Heb 9:4
Re 11:19
CJg 15:l
&Jos 4.18
1Ch E : 1 5
Jcr 12 5
Jer 48:19
xJos 3.13
Ps 29:lO
*lITi 4:12
1K1 7:d6
'De 3 3 7
cGe 14:3

f.lu 3413

the Ark+ of the covenant before the people,

and at the instant that the carriers of the Ark
came as far as t h e Jordan and the feet of the
priests carrying the Ark were dipped in the
edge of t h e waters (now t h e Jordane overflows
all its banks all the days of harvest) ,""'en
the
waters descending from above began to stand

ii

still. They rose up as one dam" very far away

at Adam," the city at t h e side of Zar'e-than,'
while those descending toward the sea of the
Ar'a.bah," t h e Salt sea,= were exhausted. They
were cut off, and the people passed over in front
of Jerti.cho," Meanwhile the priests carrying
the
Ark2 of Jehovah's covenant kept standing
~
immovable on dry ground" in the middle of the
Jordan as all Israel were passing over on dry
g r ~ u n d until
, ~ the whole nation had completed
passing over the Jordan.
And it came about that as soon as the whole
nation had completed passing over the Jordan,"' Jehovah proceeded to say to Joshua:
"Take for yourselves twelve men from t h e
peopIe, one man from each tribeis a and command them, saying, 'Take up for yourselves
from the very middle of the Jordan, from t h e

4
NU 13!2
N U 34:18
De 1:23
Jos 3:12
IKi 15:31

At the site of Damieh! which seems to correspond with .4dam, u

lofty uound that overlooked the dordnn on the west fell on the
night of December 7, 1'187, nad blocked the river, so that w t c r
c e a ~ e dto flow in the ~ - i ~ bed
c r below the d41u for some sistccn houix.
There was a lilie occurrenoe about the year 1900, and w. more rsoent
one during the earthquakes of July mld August o f 1927 and during
which the J o ~ d n n ' s~vaterswere dansn~edup so thnt none flowed
down the river bed fur bent!.-one and a half hours. See pnges 136,

137 of T7te Foelndations of Bible H ~ ~ ~ O ~ ! E - J O S H U A - J U ~ ) G E

b;r John Gar$tang, 1931. Surh n damming of the Jordan river in t h e
days of Jaehua would have t o be miraculously timed and eflectcd in
order to q-nch~nnizewith the crossing of the Jordan by the Israeli t e ~o n the set day and time.

JOSHUA 4 :&I0

JOSHUA 4:11-20

685

684

place where the priests'= feet stood motionless,' I

!;
!:fa,
"
twelve stones," and YOU must carry them over
$&
tle~;~:~
with m and deposit them in the lodging pram' dur
?+27
in which you will lodge tonight.' "
].<,I 7:12
4 So Joshua caned tweIve2 men whom he had *!:;
appointed f s ~ m
the sons of Israel, one man from '"'
I
ench tribe, %and Joshua went on to s ~ tyo them:
"Pass ahead of t h e Ark of Jehovah YOUR God
to the middle of the Jordan and lift up for yourselves each one a stone upon his shoulder, RCcording to the number of t h e tribes of the sons
(
of Israel, a jn order that this may serve as R
signm in YOUR midst.* In case YOUR sans should tfif$$
2 2 : ~
oslr in time to come, saying, 'Why do you have
these stone^?'^ then YOU must say to them,; ; ? ;z,p
'Because the waters of the Jordan were cut off
from before the Ark of Jehovah's covenant.' Ian .Ly:se
When it passed through the Jordan the wnters
of the Jordan were cut off, and these stones
must serve as a memorial" t o t h e sons of Israel ONF 2:aO
8 z i ~1n:m
t o timeB indefinite.' ""
ia:l,+
I
8 Accerdingly the sons of Israel did so, just 3 ;;$
as Joshua had commanded, and they took up
t ~ l e l v estones fmm the middle of t h e Jordan, R;;~F
just as Jehovah had stated t o Joshua, to eorrespond with the number of the tribes of the sons
of IsraeI,' and they went taking them over with +JOgJ:a
them to the lodging place' and depositing them: : ;m j::;9
tl~ere.
9 There were also twelve stones that Joshua
set up' in the mid& of t l ~ Jordan
e
on the stand- ' ~ , " B ~ m $ # y
ing placeo of the feet of the priests carrying the ;%
I
3:17
Ark of the covenant, and they continue there
until this day.
10 And the priets carrying the Ark were
standing in the middle4 of the Jordan until the +*

:;:;

~q1.s

;:;;;:A

~ ~ ( 1 s

whole matter had been completed that Jehovah

had commanded Joshua to speak to the people,
according to all that Mosers had comrnmded
Qh'u =:I9
Joshua.'
A11 the while the people hurried up'
~e 31:9
+Ex 1239 and passed over.
And it came about that as
PS 119 60
soon as all the people had completed passing
~ J O 3:8
S
JOB317 over, then the Ark"' of Jehovah passed over,
and the prlests, before t h e people. And the
ofas 13:15 sons of Reu'benhand the sons of GadCand the
OJOS 1 3 2 4
rJos 1 3 2 half tribe of RJa.nas'seh' PI-oceededt o pass over
~ E 1K
3:18 in battle formation" in the sight of the sons of
JOS 1 3 4
*Nu 32~21 Israel, just as Moses had s t a t d to them."
'"bout
forty thousand equipped for the army
passed over before Jehovah lor the w a r onto
~ J O5S
310 the desert plains of Jerfi.chs.-'
mJer~39:s
255
i
14 O n that day Jehovah made Joshua great
der16.21
52.3
OJg
in t h e eyes: of all I ~ r n e l and
, ~ they began t o
EJos 10:s fear' him just as they hnd fenred Moses all the
.was 3:;
PE\ 1.1131 days of his life.'
1 1 ~ 312 8
15 Then Jehovah said t o Joshua: "Command the priests carrying the Ark of the testio l ~2:3
i
So
+EX16: 31 monyo+that they go up out of the Jordan." IT
Ex 35:16 Joshua commanded the priests, saylng: "Go
up out of the Jordan." " And it came about that
when the priests carrying the Arlr of the covenant of Jehovah came up out of the middle of
@JOS 3.W
the Jordan and the solcs9 of the feet of the
priests were drawn out onto the dry mound,
" E Z ~14:s then the waters of the Jordan began returning
*Jos 3:15 to t h e i ~place' and went averllowingn all its
1ch 12.15
Jer 12:s banks as formerly,
Jer 4Y:19
19 And the p e ~ p l ecame up out of the Jordan
*JOS
JOS 4:3
5:9
on
the tenth of the first month and took up
JOS 10.6
30s l5:7
1%.11.14 camping at Gll'gal* on t11e eastern. border of
1Sa 15:33
A m 4:4

>tic 6 5

Jer'i.ch0.O

n-u
n : ~ 20

As for the twelve stones that they had

JOSHUA 4:2 1 4:4

686

taken out of the Jordan, Joshua set these up at

GiltgdF = lAnd he went an to say to the sons of

msQ:S

Israel: "When ~ a sons

u ask
~ their fathers in
time to come, saying, 'What do these stones
mean?'* '=then POW must Iet YOUR sons Imow, b$ylg64
saying, 'On the dry land it was that Israel pfissed
over this Jordan,' 23 when Jehovah yau~tGod
dried up the waters of the Jordan from before pc;ty:2g
thema until theyb had passed over, just as Jeho- rn1~:x13:21
vnh YOUR God had done to the Red sea when he ?:fi:&
dried it up from before us until we had passed i2n7:;?$a
over,' 24 in order that all the peoples of the earth
Z',:::;;!.
'
may know Jehovah's hand; that it is strong,' y;nyf;:8
K! w:!
in order that yon may indeed fear Jehovah YOUR r21il
Gm15
GDcl always.' "'
01.:~ !rEe16
I'q 10B:4
And it came about that as m n as all the *:;j;;r::p
kings of the Arnror.ites,'l who were on the ;&
:;;;
side of the Jordan t o the west,a and all the kings
of the CaPnaan.ites,"who were by the sea, heard &3,c:?&
that Jehovah had dried up the waters of the Jr: 3::4
Jord~n'from before the sons of Israel until they @ J o i T : r
had passed over,O then their hearts began to PPn4a:a
melt and there proved to be no spidtedncssd: o J g 3 i l o
I
In them any m e because of t h e sons of Israel,* '54 yo%
2 At that particular time Jehovah said to
Joshua:" "Make for yourself flint knivesn and N o s 9:s
clrcurnciseQthe sons9 of Israel-gain, the sec- gj;
ond time." SAc~TdinglyJoshua made flint mE;;;;E
knives for himself and circumcised the sons of .I:,> z::n
Israel at GibPe.ath-ha.arta.loth,fAnd this was
OJer4:4
the reason why Joshua did the clrc~rncising:~
r
I
all the people0 that came out of Egypt,@the

--

""rhemp

Ejr4$:7

LAXXSy; "YO~," XVg. "TTl\ey," LXXBy; "YOU," MTrg,

Liternlly ''senward." d Or, ".ipirit." Litcrnlly, "rlngge~w(RWO&)
of rock!' 1 Or, "Hill of the For~sbjns,l'Vg; hut LXX rends; "the
place called Hill (3fomd) of the Foreskins.'"
a

JOSHUA 5:5-12

687

men of war,' had diedo in the

on t be road when they were corning

'Jalk7 ' males, all the

clSa 5 : ~
cJos 2 4 : ~ wildernessp

Egypt.' For all the people who came

out proved to be drcumclsed, but all the people
barn in the wilderness on the road when they

m
X U~
ZE:M
7 ~ 1mt
k Bof

n e 2IO:O
ICO
16Heb

were corning out of Egypt, they had not circumcised.' O For the sons of Israel bad walked
forty years fn the wilderness, until all the nation of the men af was who came out of Egypt
31$8 12:15 that did not listen to t l ~ e
voice of Jehovah" had
c o r n t o its Anjsh,' to whom Jehovah swore that
'$Ps;%=
95:~) he ~rouldnever let t h e n see the landa that Jehb
PIVU 1.1.23
H e b 3 h v a h had sworn t o their forefathers to give to
w b A land
a flowing with milk3 m d honey.; 'And
~~~~~5
their sons he raised up instead of them.* These
t Ex 3.8
Eze
Joshua circumcised, bemuse they proved t o be
uncircurnci~ed,~
for illey had not circumcised
!4"De1:39
,&
them on the road,"
EGe 3 4 2 5
4 0 : ~
8 And it cAme about that when they had
completed circumdslng all t h e nation they kept
cJor9:6
sitting in their place in the campo until they
34:25
revived.'
9 Then Jehovah s&id to Joshua: "Today I
'1SaU:2 have rolled away the reproacho of Egypt from
off YOU."' SO t h e n m e of that place came to be
flJG"OBy;S~4
called Gilpgal@'until t h b day.
'EZP
p",";;g
20:~
10 And the sons of Israel eantlnued t o m p
*Jas 4 3 %
in Gif'gal and they proceed4 to calry out: the
c 2 m ~ : f ipassaver0 on the fourteenth day of the month,
in the evening, on the desert plalns of Jer'i@Jos6:1
chonau
1' And they began to eat some of the yield
oEx 126
NU ~ : 5 of the land the day after the pasaover, unferCJ 6 18
mented3 cakesAand roasted grains, m thjs same
LA
1218
EX i3:6
day. l a Then the manna ceased on the following
Le 2 3 6
day when they had eaten some of the yield of
a Meaning "A rolling nn-ay'.',
uDeE:g

lGe

JOSHUA 5 :-1

:5

688

689

the land, and mannao did not occur any more aNPEm
for the sons of Israel,v and they began to eat bEz;!$?
some of the produce of the land of Ca'nmn0 in O37~or
OJU e:m
that year.*
-UP6 3 1
13 And it came about when Joshua happened w e l ~ : a
to be by Jer'i-cho that he praeecded to raise hjs EC
eyes and look, and there there t v ~ sa mana $j,ly:,H
standing in front of him wlth his drawn swordz OJI: 7:1*1
In his hand." So Joshua walked up to him and * ~ ; ~ $ ; ~ ~ o
said to him: "Are you for us or for our ndversaries?""' lP To this he said: "No, but 1-3
w
ulh
c h 244:19
1a:17
princeno of the a r m 9 of Jehovah I hawe now7E;;;:jp
come.""'With that Joshua fell on hls face to *~:.c ?3:m
the earth and prostrated himselP and s ~ i dto :":
??.?3
1n.a
him : "What is my lord saying to his servant?'" W;IP 3 I,.::
'"n turn the princea of the army of Jehovahc zg;:2$1g
said to Joshua: "Draw yotw sandals from off
your feet, because the place on which you are
standing is holy."o At once J o s h u ~did sono 3!5?$,:'
A r 733
Now Jer'i.choo was tightly shut up because >JOE ?:a
of the sans of Israel, nu one going out and -Jan 2:7
dna 2:g
no one entering."
'QDP7:24
2 And Jehovah vrmt on to say to Joshua: j'!qy::4
"See, I have given Jdi.cho and its king, the ?$!$
' ?:
valiant mighty* men, into your hand.' And all '.'['r R 3
YOV men of war must march round the city,' OJaR 10~2
going roundb the city once: That is the way ' " ~ 1 4 : f i
you should do for six days. And seven priests
should carry seven ram's horn trumpets" before -"JR 3:27
the A Y ~and
, ~on the seventh day TOW s h o u I d 3 J ~ ~ ~ : f 1 8
I
march round the city seven times and the
priestsa sheuId blow the trumpets." 5 A n d it '2p$,2,J3
must occur that when they sound with the ram's :hh&\a
a Or, "chief." M,sar, "Going roan$." " r h ~
Rebrew vcrh here is in
f

the inftnitrl-e s h o l n t ~and indefinite aB to time. See ~CtcnwisU: 43.

JOSHUA 6:6--13

horn, when YOU hear the sound of the trumpet&

'all the people should shout a great war my,' and
c~sa
=:la the \ d l of the city must fall down flatrDand the
Heb lk30
people must go ~ p each
,
one strajght before
him."

6 Accordingly Jofihua the son of Nun &led

the priests and said ta them: "Take up the Ark
of the c ~ v e n a n t~, ~n seven
d
prfests should carry
AJ","S;5:4
@"u4:15
seven
ram's
horn
trumpets
before the Arkv of
Nu 10:33
Jehovah."
;And he'' went on t o s ~ to
the peo, ple: "Pass on and march round they city,
and
+N&Uf a10::s14 the war-equipped force* should pass on ahead
JOSI:I+
of the Ark of Jehovah." So it crime about just
as Joshua said to the pmpte; and seven prZests
carrying seven ram's horn trumpets before
Jehovah passed on and blew the trumpets and
the Ark of the covenant of Jehovah was followa J o ~ 4 1 3 ing them."
And the war-equipped force was
going ahead of the priests blowing the trumpets,
while the rear mard" was foll~wlngthe Ark
npag:pwith
a continual blowingc on the trumpets.
10
NOW
J O S ~ Uhad
R commandedg the people,y
YJOS a
cJos
81 .6 ~
saying: 'You must neither shout nor let vom
voices be heard ~ n no
d ivord should come out
of YOWR mouths unf il the day when I say t o YOU,
Shout!' Then YOU must shout." " And he had
the Ark sf Jehovah go rnarchinff round the city,
going roundd once, after which they went to t h e
camp and stayed overnight in the camp.
12 Then Joshua g o t up early fn the morning
and the priests went carrying the Ark of Jeho*Dc 31:25 vah,* la and seven priests carrying seven ram's
Or, "sho'ph~r." bnHe," R;r.VgTn"thy," X. "With A continme1
blan-ing." The two Hebrew rrerba thus trnnslnted are in the infinitive
absolute, and BO indefinite as to time, "Going round" Compare

horn trumpets before t h e Ark of Jehovah were

walking, continually blowing the trumpets, and
the warhequipped force was walking ahead of
them, while the rear guard was follo'vi~ingthe
Ark of Jehovah with a continual blowing& on
the trumpets. l* And they went marching round
the city on the second day once, after which
they returned to the camp. That was the way
*JOS 6:3
they did for six days."
15 And it came about on t h e seventh day that Jos 6:11
they proceeded to get up early, as soon as the
dawn ascended," and they went marching * P S I I ~ : I ~ ~
round the city in this manner seven times. Just
on that day they marched round the city seven i;i: gz

times.' l8 And it came about on the seventh time g$,7;?$ls

that the priests blew the trumpets, and Joshua *&;%$8
J O S a:i
proceeded t o say t o the people: "Shout!' for ORcb
11:31
Jehovah has given YOU the city. l 7 And the city -Ce 12:a
must become a thing devoted to destruction;"
;i&
it and everything that is in it belongs to Jeho- b";&
',
vah. Only Ra'habWthe prostitute may keep on
living,g she and all who are with her in the ~ ' ~ o s 9 : 2 1
house, because she hid the messengersQwhom 3Jos7:22
s
we sent out.' IS As for YOU people,^ on3y keep ~ J o 8:ll
away from t h e thing devoted t o destruction,* *De7:26
for fear YOU may get a desirec' and YOU do take
some of the thing devoted to destruction and don
constitute the camp of Israel a thing devoted t o : xJos 7:
destruction' and bring trouble upon it.' l9 But. *$;;y312
all the silver and the goldDand the articles of ;Jos 22:8
copper and irona a r e something holy to Jeho- oJo6 8 3 1
"With a continual blowing.'' The t ~ Hebrew
o
verbs thus kanslated are in the infiniki~eabsolute, and so indefinite as to time.
b Or, "a doomed thing."
''PDI.fear roo mag get a desire," In hsrmonp with L X X , whch reads: "that, setting your mind on it, xoo
youraelvea may not;?' AT, "for fenr you mag. devde [it] t o destruc
tion,"

030s 6:5

Heb l l : W

Z ~ O S
8:11

+De234
D e R2
Yos
D
e N:16
0:24
sos lo:%

Yos 1124

1Sa 15:3
1KI W:42
Yer a 1 8
Re 18:21

OJos 0:18

mJos 2+14
H e b 11:31

"Jos 213
Jos 2:lS
+Xu31:19

vah."Into the treasure of Jehovah it should goFn

20 Then the people shouted, when they proceeded to blow the trumpets. And it came about
that as soon as the people heard the sound
of the trumpet and the people began to shout a
great war cry, then t h e wallQbegan to fall down
flatnoM e r that the peoplez went up into t h e
city, each one straight before him, and captured the city. alAnd they went devoting dl
that was in the city, from man to woman, from
young man t o old man and t o ox and sheep and
ass, to destnrction by the edge of the sword.'
22 And to the two men who had done the
spying on the land Joshua said: "Go into the
house of the woman, the prostitute, and bring
out of there the woman and alI who belong to
her, just as YOU have swornu to her."* " So the
young men who had done the spflng went in
and brought out Ra'hab and her father and hex
rn0thel-D and her brothers and all who belonged
to her, yes, all her family ~Iationshipthey
brought out," and they proceeded to set them
down outside the camp of Israel."
24 And they burned the city with fire and
everything that was in it.' Only the silver and
the gold and the articles of copper and iron they
gave to the treasure of Jehovah's' h0use.O
?5 And Rafhab the prostitute and the household
of her father and all who belonged to her Joshua
preserved0 alive," and she dwells in the midst
of Israel down to this day,O because she hid the
messengers whom Joshua sent out to spy on
Jerri.cho.+
26 men Joshua had an oath pronounced a t
that particular time, saying: "Cursede may the
man be before Jehovah who gets up and dim

JOSHUA 6:2i-7:6

692

bull@ this city, even Jerri.cho.' At the forfeit

of his first-borne let him lay the foundation of

593
n:ti

~ J O S

V 8m

p i & iLi:24
>Ttlb 1:I

It and at the forfeit of his youngest let hjrn

q1Kl 5B:M
put up its doors.""
27 So Jehovah pmved t o be wjth Joshua" encs 30:s
3 ~ 5
Jor 1:s
and his fame came to be in all the earth.'
J . ibis
And the sons of Israel went to committing "3n ? !!
Ru 8:Rl
an act of unfaithfulness respecting t h e *,Ill
9L!l
thing devoted to destruction in that A'chann the 31~112 : ~
son of Car'mi, the son of Zab'di, the son of
Ze'rah, of t h e tribe of Judah, took some of thc $Yon 6:f7
thing devoted to d e s h c t i ~ nAt
. ~this Jehovah's; -lea 2318
anger' grew hot against the sons of I ~ r a e l . ~ c1g 6:m
8:2
2 Then Joshua sent men out from Jer'i.cha3 3Jm
CJos G:16
to A'i,' which Is dose by Beth-a'ven," to t h e east 1Ch 21:T
? J o g 8:9
of Eeth'el,"' and said to thein: 'Goup and spy *Ge
12:s
12:n
on the land," Amrdhgly the men went ~ r pand .lo9
N e ll:.'%l
spied on A'i." After that they returned to e,n,~ IM:IZ
110 ,1:15
Joshua and said t o him: "Let not all the people -(:I.
29 ~n
~
go up. Let about two thousand men or about J U E21.
three thousand men go up and strike A". Do
not weary all the people with going there, for
they are few."
4 So about three thousand men of the people *U2 k t 7
went up there, but they took to flight beforethe De n:4:2L::n!
men of A'i.' And the men of A'l got to strike ISPI :'0.:7
1 %:
~h:2
about thirty-six men of them down and they E1)P
I 4.1
I 1 . C 2d7.111
went pursuing3 them fsom before the gate as an5 ?
2.11
far as Sheb'a.rirna and continued sstril~ingthem sJrm
'3 2:: 1.1
Is11 1 3 5
dawn on the descent. Consequently the heart of ?C:e
the people began t o melt and became as watersA 9% f+i:20
113:?1
1':s P :1
6 At this Joshua ripped his garmentso and A(!
14:14
1G:ZI
fen upon his face* ta the earth before the Ark -h'u
2% 12:lG
1
1
!
2n:2:1
of Jehovah until the evcninglc he and the alder iS, I . l a
men of Israel, and t h e y kept puttfng dust" upon ClRn ?:d

!I

a Meaning

"The Qnarri~".

'1Sa4:ra
Ne 9 : ~

JOSHUA 7:7-13

their heads.* And Joshua went an to say: "Ah,

Lord Jehovah,B why did you bring this people

all the way across the Jordan: just t o give us
into the hand of t h e Arn'or.ites for them to destroy us?" And If only we had taken i t upon
*
ourselves and continued dwelling on the other
*&
side of the Jordan!' Excuse rnc, 0 J e h ~ v a h , ~
but what can I say nfter Israel has turned his
back before his enernie~?~"'And the Ca'naan:2,'9P;'03
ites and all the inhabitants of the Innd will hear
&Ex 32:12
of itA and they will certainly surround us and
XU 1&13
cut our name0 afT from the earth,$and what x~qll
you do for your great name?"'
'g!&z
E7* m:9
10 In turn Jehovah said to Joshua: ' G e t up,
you! Why is jt that you are falling upon your
cJg ll:n face?@
Israel has sinnedit"and they have also
oversteppedmy
covenantt t h ~ ft laid as acorn"y;ig
mand
upon
them
and they have also Palcen some
;:; of the thing devoted
#JOS 6:17
to destructionn and have
OAC
*aI"l5 3:s
2
also stolelz* and ~ l s okept it secretn and have
Job?:=

"fm12:1

,. ,,:,,
::

also put it among their own articles." And

the sons of Israel will not be able t o rise up
ONU
against their enemies.? The back is what they
will turn before their enemim, because they
have become a thing devoted to destruction.'
I shall not prove to be with YOU again unless
YOU annihilate the thing devoted to destruction
out
of YOUR midst.'
G F up!
~ Sanctify the peo&
plejx
and
you
must
say,
'Sanctify
yourselves to-E~19:10
Joe P : I ~
~ J O S3:s
morrowfmfor this is what Jehovah the God of
Israel has said: "A thing devoted to destrr~ction
"Lwd Jehot~ah." M, ii.do.~ay' Teako,urile'; I,X.T, Rj,'ri,oa; T g

Aaab
Zec 5.4
2:6

+zg:z

Da'mi.ns D g ' ~ 5 ('lrord God"), fire

fl

G e n e ~ i18
~ : 2, foatnoteaa and
b"Jehovah." 31, "Lord,'? Thie in one of ths 13-4 passages where the
Eopherim changed the tetmgralnmnton ( n l n ' , Y R W H ) for God's
name in the Hebrew text to A.do.v~ny', Eee Numbers 14: 17, footnot@.

695

JOSHUA 7 :21-8 : 1

God of Israel," and this way and that way

I have done. "When I got to see among the spoil
1 ~ ~a garment
0
from ShiPnar,#a good-looking one,
ple have removed the thing devoted to destrucand
two
hundred
shekels of silver and one gold
tion from YOUR midsLo l4 And YOU must present "$t72$:10
,
*Ex2k17
ne 7 : ~ bar, fifty shekels being its weight, then I wanted
yourselves in t h e morning," tribe by tribe: and GJ2a6:28
10:m
Pr 15:n
it must occur that the tribe that Jehovah will p r 16:33
R+b2,9 them" and I took thema and, look! they are
pick will come near, family by farnily,O and the 2E;PrZ1
uJ"2zEI"5hidden in the earth in the midst of m y tent with
the moneya0 underneath it."bA
family that Jehovah will pick wilI come near,
AISZ 29:15
01KLZ1:t5
OJg 6:s
22 At once Joshua sent messengersa and
household by househoId, and the household t h a t
they went running to the tent and, look! it was
Jehovah will pick will come near, man by man,* -:,"a $::!;
hidden in his tent with the moneya underneath
' a d it must occur that the man picked" with sfin 1 4 : ~ s
I
it.b as SO they took them from t h e midst of the
the thfng devoted to destruction will be burned
tent and brought them to Joshua and all the
with fire,' he and all t h a t belongs to him, be- *&13;16
I
cause he has overstepped the covenant" of Jeho- oJos 24%
,
J
,
,
,:, sons of Israel and poured them out before Jehovah and because he has committed a disgraceful
5,0,",2m vah. *' Joshua, and all Israel with him, now took
+Ge 3327
OJs 9:4
A'chanq the son of Ze'rah and the silverO and
folly in Israel." ' ""
Jg M:6
'Ex 20 5
the garment and t h e bar of gold and his sons'
16 Then Joshua rose early in the morning
~:+,6~?
Joa 6:21
and his daughters and his ox and his ass and his
and had Israel come near, tribe by tribe of it," 'dJos7:14
P r 15 :27
flocko and his t ~ n and
t everything that was his
Gl;1Sa8:17
and the tribe of Judah got t o be picked. Next
and they brought them up t o the valley of
he had the families of Judah come near and
Then Joshua said: "Why have you
picked the family of the Ze'rah.ites," after which 'g; g:g
eJos15:7
fsa 86:lo A'chor.*
~ ~ 2 : 1 5brought trouble upon us?^ Jehovah will bring
he had the family af the Ze'rah-ites come near, lch z:4
"Jos 6 9 8
IRi 1 8 : l a trouble upon you on this day." With that all
man by man,a and Zab'di got t o be picked.
1Ch 2:7
aLe 20~2 Israel went pelting him to death with stones,"
Finally he had his household come near, man
by man, and A'chan the son of Cartmi, the son
32:23
k;!,:: after which they burned them with fire.' Thus
of Zab'di, the son of Ze'rah, of the tribe of 6","1i44j2
,.P~;ij;~ they stoned Ulem with stones. 2s And they proJudah, got to be picked." lVThenJoshua said
$ ;!;;4 ceeded to raise up over him a big pile of stones,
UJOS 8 %
dsun t o this day." A t this Jehovah turned away
to Afchan: "My son,b render, please, gloryE to "1Sa2:8
Jos P0:27
2Sa i~:i7from his hot anger.* That is why the name of
Jehovah the God of Israel0 and make confes- c : ~ & ~ l ,
ADe 13:17
zsa21:14 that place has been called Valley of A'chor,~
sion t o him,' and tell me,$ please, What have you -;$;$:n
I
down to this day.
Da 9:4
done? Do not conceal it: from me."
r
elSa 14:48
Then Jehovah said to Joshua: "Do not
20 At this Afchan answered Joshua and said: :
0 De 1:21
be
afraid or be terrified.$ Take with you
"For a fact 1-1 have sinned agaimt Jehovah
De 7 3 8
JOE 1 : ~ dl the people of war and get up, go up t o APi.
a ' X a n by man," MT<T,XX; "household by household," Sy, Vg and n
few ( 6 ) Hebrew mlluscripts. b"My son," MTg; but omitted by
b l?tTr (ferninhe). That is, the garment, Meaning
a Or, Lrsil~er.'J
-

is in your midst, 0 Israel.*.You.will not be able

to rise up against your enemies until YOU peo-

"~tp%
1&j:the
:4
n:4

*Jos6:17

zzi26

LXXST,

''Tro~hlo''.

JOSHUA 8:2--10

696

I have given into your hand the king of

2-24
Afi and his people and his city and his land.' 'JOS
Jos 6:2
And you must do to A'i and to its king just
10:1
as you did to Jer'iachoo and its king." Only you UJos
390s 6:2I
people may plunder its spoil and its domesticGZJg 2248
animals for yourselves.Set an ambush of yours *D@20:14
* ~ act33
g
against the city at its rear.""
2Ch 1393
*Jos
8:ll
3 Accordingly Joshua and all the people* of
war rose to go up to A'i, and Joshua proceeded
to choose thirty thousand men, valiant mightyG ?SO8 10:2
men, and to send them off by night. And he
went on t o command them, saying: "See, You
9:as
g
are lying in ambushn against the city to the rear oJa~ 20:29
15:a
of the city. Do not go very far away from the 1Sa
Ae 23:21
city, and YOU must all of YOU hold yourselves in
readiness. %for r e and all the people who are
with me, we shall go close t o the city. And i.t
must occur that, in case they should come out
to me& us just as at the first," then we must hJos 7:5
flee before them.O "And they must come out OJg a 3 2
after us until we have drawn them away from
the city, for they will say, 'They are fleeing be15:9
fore us just as a t the first." So we must flee be- +Ex
Jos 8:IB
%re them. ? Then YOU-YOU will rise up fmm Ec 8:21
the ambush and YOU must take possession of the
city and Jehovah YOUR God will certainly give SJos 2:24
6:2
it into YOUR hands.@ And it must occur that as 308
Pr 21:31
*Jos
6:24
soon as YOU have seized the city YOU should set Jos 8 2 3
the city on fire." According t o Jehovah'sn word 31Sa 3:l
l:9
aou should do. See, I have commanded YOU."" *JOE
Jos 1:16
J
g
4:6
9 After that Joshua sent them out and they
marched to the place of ambush and took up
l6:1
quarters between Beth'eP and A'i' to the west 3Jos
#Ge 1 2 8
JOS 7:a
of A'i, while Joshua kept lodging on that night Ezr 2:B
Ne 732
in the midst of the people.
10 Then Joshua rose up early in t h e mom-

697

See,

JOSHUA 8.: 11-18

n p and reviewed t h e people and went up, he

aEg?jdiand
the older men d Ispael, before the people

;PS
~m!;gii9:60

to A'i. l1 And all the peopleAof war who were

with him went up, that they might approach and
get in front of the dty, and they proceeded to
camp t o the north of A'i, with the valley between them and A'i. lZ In the meantime he took
about five thousand mend and set them as an
!,5,0p";:
ambush* between Beth'el" and A'i, to the west
;g&%
18a
of the city, '30the people set the main camp
Ac 23:21
w B 19 that was to the north of the city" and the exJg 1:22
treme rear of it that was to the west of tbe
*Jm8:4 'city:
and Joshua proceeded to go during that
night into the middle of the law p1ain.a
14 And it came about that, as soon as t h e
k h g of A'f saw it, then the men of the city got
in a hurry and rose up early and went out to
meet Israel in battle, he and all his people, at
o ~ s a ~ 3the
: ~ appointedD time, before the desert plain.*
*Jos 8:6
As for him, he did not know that there was an
ambush against him to t h e rear of the citymu
B$EPJ~
' W e n Joshua and all Israel got t o suffer a
*Jgm:36 blow before them,* then they took to flight by
OJos 1~
Jos 18:12 the way of the witdemess. l6 At that all the
people who were in the city were called out to
chase after them, and they went chasing after
*$: giil Joshua and got t o be drawn away from the city."
I T And there was not a man remaining in A'i
and Beth'elb that did not go out after Xsrael, so
that they left the city wide open and went &as*,0;
$
?
;
:
'-8:5
ing
after Israel."
Ex 179 1
JQS 8 : ~
18
Jehovah now said to Joshua: "Stretch out
dos 8:ZB
zDe 7:24 .the javelinc that is in your hand toward A'i,"
Joa 1:5
elsa 17:6 ; for into your hand I shall give it."= Accordingly
iz ;'9:"25 Joshua stretched out the javelin* that was in his
a Or, "of the valley." b L X X omita "and Beth'eY'. c Or, 'dart."
4Tos 8:1

sos 8:3

JOSHUA 8 :19-26

698

hand toward the city. IBAndthe ambush rase

up quickly from its place and they began to run
at the instant t h a t he stretched out his hand
and they proceeded to enter the city and c a p
ture it.' Then they hurried and set the city on 'Joa8:7
tire.
20 And the men of A'i began to turn back
nncl look, and there the smoke of the city 8scended to t h e heavens," and there proved to be C!; t,B:,eip
no abilitymin them to flee this way or thatany$;:y~
And the people that mere fleeing to the tvilderness turned upon the pursuers. " And Joshua
and 811 Israel saw that the ambush? had cap- OjpDB;:
t u r d the city and that the smoke of t h e city ;*;l;r~;?
ascended and so they turned around and went Ar?:i.'il
striking themenof A'i do~vm. And these othels
c t m e out of the city to meet them, so that they
got to be in between Israel, these on this side
and those on that, and they went striking them
down until there did not remain of them either
N S U W ~ V O or
~ an escapee.'
And the king'', of
A'i they caught alive and proceeded to bring
j;;
him near ta Joshua.
Jrra rra1:11
24 A n d it c a m about that while Israel was $7;:: ?
:$;
finishing the killing of all the inhabitants of 'siel"'S
A'i in the field, in the wilderness jn which they
had pursued them, they kept falling, all of them,
by the edge of the stvord until they came to
their end. After that all Israel returned t o A'i
m a 10:SD
~ n struck
d
it with the edge of the swol-d,"'%d
all those who fell on that day, from man to
woman, m o u n t e d to twelve thousand, all the
people1' of A'i. = G And Joshua did not dram back
his hand with which he stretched out the jnvelinU until he had devoted all the inhabitants of *Jog

* Liternlly, "two hands?

b literally,

"men," 31; 'Ciahnt~itnntu,"LXX,

699

*E;LC n
:s :

JOSHUA 8 : a - 4 3 3

Il'i to destruction." Only the domestic anirnds

the spoil of that d t y Tsrael plundered for
do5 6:2&
themselves, according to Jehovah's word that
33"2g;m he had laid in commnnd upon Joshua."
AJos6:24
23 Then Joshua burned A'i" and reduced it
O I Q ~1 : ~ t o a permnnent mound,$ as a desolation0 down
to this day. 2bAndhe hanged t h e king of A'i
2=19:55
rsa 17.1
der 9:ll
upon a st~ke@l.luntilihe evening time,' and as
P J w 9:B
oa& 1012 the sung was about to setmJwhua gave the com*De 21m22
J O S 10.~6 mand and then they took his dead body down
',DsZ,1Zfrom the stakeb and pitched It at the entrance
of the gate of the city and raised up a great
=J-?:B pile of stones over him, down to this day."
2% 18:17
30 It was then that Joshua proceeded to
build
~ $ ~ g ~ * an altarm to Jehovah the God of Israel,
in Mount E'hal,' just as Moses the servant of
G"
EX .u20:24
12:;
*ne1 1 : ~Jehovah hacl commanded the sons of Israel, as
De 27:1
cJms 10:13 it is written in the boolc" of the lawn of Moses,
"An altar of whole stones, upon H ? ~ I ~ no
C ~ IironQ
Si;;
tool has been
and they went t o offer&
&
;
!
!
;
0 ~ 0 n:z9
s
ing up burnt0 offerings upon it t o Jehovah and
sacrificing" communion offerlng~.~
32 Then he lv.vroteo there upon the stones a
copyCof the law" of Moses that he had written
pJos22:z
t De 27::
+&
272
before the sons of Israel.' And all Israel and
De 2 7 3
c i s h z3:4 their older mene and the offlcers3and their judgW e 29:10
C J 2 3~2 ~ me mere standing on this side and on that side
cJgm.E
.ne ar :5 of the Ark5 in front of the priests,' the Levites,"
ffDe31:3 carrying the Arlc of the covenant of Jehovah,
~
and

j3

:$%

Fig2 the temporaryRresident' ns well as the native,O

*N
~ cUa15%
4:22

cDe27:12
aDe27:13

one half of them in front of Mount Ger'i.zimn

and the other half of them in front of Mount
Erbal,* (just as Moses the servant of Jehovah

"Stake." Literally, "tree," M; .rj/'lon di'd~l.mon, IX;T; padi'btthm, Vg. b Lit~rally~

"tnq" 31 E .~!/'lo~t,A-LY.; cmq WP. = "Copy.''
h1, mish.fieA'; JI,YX, ~dp~t.~o.wo.~to'~rri~ot~;
C'g, dnr.te.ro.t~o'mi~um.

JOSHUA 8:34-9 :7

700

had commanded,) t o bless the people of Israel

$ 4 said to the Hi'vites :O "Perhaps it is in our vicinE* 3 ' ~ ity that you are dwelling. So how could we confirst of all. 34 And after this he read aloud aI1 X Q ~::7
eludefi a covenant with you?"" In twn, they
the words of the law,' the blessin9 and the " ~ ~ ~ . $ *$%;:g
~
LJP~.::
said to Joshua: "We are your servants."b6
malediction,"' according to all that is written
bDo 20:11
z!l.21
in the book of the la~v.35 There proved t o be
Then Joshua said to them: "\%(I are YOU
not a word of all that Moses had commanded
and where do YOU come from?" A At this they
+wm15 said to h3m: "It is from a very distant land'
that Joshua did not read aloud in front of all
servantsh have come in regard to the
the congrwe~ationao
of Israel,' together ~ ~ 4 the
t h UOe
$
'D$?/h
'a
lls:g~that~your
O J a m:2
.1:2
~ Jehovah3
~
*
namemof
your God, because we have
~i-omen'and the little ones' and the temporary .; ;n$:Fa
of
his
fame
and of all that he did in
residents" who walked in their midst.
heard
sc
s:2
on#>y 11
Egyptr'
I D and af all that he did t o the tivo kings
And it came about that as soon as all the E.r r IO:I
'ExEll
Ex 15.14
3.1 22
Nu 1.1:15 of the Arn'anites who were on the other side
kings' who were an the side of the Jordan A1.r
K ~r 15.1u
of the Jordan, namely, Si'hon8 the king of
in the mountainous regionGand in the She.phe'n:;IZ;y
~ n dOg' t h e king of Ba'shan,= who
Ichb and along the rvhole coast of the Great
:pn~
;::,r:*:3 Hesl-r'hon
34:5
WES in Ash'taroth." '"ence
our older men and
sea* andc in front of Lebanon," the Wit't itw'
o l ) o 1 .1
and the Am'o~.ites,~
the Ca'nann.ites,hthe Per'- w o n 1n:ao
J 1 , ~ 1 2 : . 1 all the inhabitants of our land said this to us,
rnp 3:ZR
Ir."
'Take p~ovisionsjn YOUR hands for the journey
iz.zites,t the Hi'vitesu and the Jeb'u,~ites,~
~0ql.1~17
15'20
and go to meet them, and rou must say to
heard of it, "hey began to assemble themselves rT:c
REXJ;I;
1 rc 7:2
them:
"We are YOUR s e r ~ a n t sAnd
. ~ now conall together t o make war against Joshua and iu1,:u
En H:17
13:s
clude
a
covenant
with
us."
'b
This
breada of
Israel unanimously.~
D-rgH:s
O.TUU
a
Y
v .~1-11
~3:s
I 20:1
ours, it wa& hot when we took it as our provi3 And the inhabitants of Gib'eaan%hexrd what 3'5
sio~~
out
s of our houses on the day of our going
Joshua3 had done to Ser'i-cho' and A'i,I So they, !:$;;
j!;?
out to come here to YOU, ~ n dnow, look! it is
even of their own accord, actecl with shrewd+JoaD:m
d r y and, has become crumby.+ l3 And these are
ness" and went and stocked themelves with
t h e wine ~kin~bottles
that we filled new, and,
provisions
took worn-out sacks7 for their 2;;;:;;;
n:Hz
look!
they
have
burst,'
and these garments and
asses; and winecskin-bottles worn out and burst
"Jnfl
bIr 2:21
fl:d
~u 6 : x
sandab of ours, they have worn out because of
and ticd up,' k d worn-out and patched sandals .hit ~ 1 7
the great length of the jou~vey."
*EX =:no
on their feet, and wonr-out garments3pon @J'~csa:*
N U l7:ZL
14 Upon that the men took some of their
t!~emselves,~
and all the bread of their provisions mbm5
JIsn
F 11:L t . 1 0
provisions, and at the mouth of Jehovah they
proved to be d r y and crumby. Then they went1
ISn:,o:A
t o Joshua at the campCat Gil'gaE' and said t o ?ftS%l&
; i d r . 2 1 did not inquire.' And Joshua went t o making
peace3 with themn and concluding a covenant
him and the men of Israel: "It is from a distant J U * lo:43
bQP 3
1 10
I
~~~it11themto1etthemIive,andsothechieftains'
land that we have come." And now conclude a 'lIfl8:Ql
C J r l s PR.L
covenant with us." :At t h i s the men of Israel
* J ~ , . Y 12 of the assembly' swore to them.'
25.1 ?1'5
16 And it cRme about t h ~ at
t the end of three
"GYngqation." L-LT, ek.l;lesirn, Or, "the lowlands,*~'%;Lnd,"
inserted b~ US; "also," Vg.
Or, "8lt'trm.*
Litrmlly, "could I [collectir~ly]cut!'

:;:;E

:iz

'.:::;

,%;]A

p:).:~

~:~:;";!,,

o.f6fi*

JOSHUA 9 :17-24

702

days, after they had concluded a covenant with

them, they got to hear that they were near to
them and it was in their vjcinlty they were
dwelling. Then the sons of Israel pulled out
nnd came to their cities on the third day, and
thelr cities were Gib'e.onA and Che.phi'rah4 and Ac;g;&
Be.e?oth' and Wi.ath-je'a.rirnVe'* Ant1 the sons
;;g>
of Israel did not strike them, because the chief- &J;
+s,7:m
tafns of the assembly had swamc to them by g;$s?$?9
Jehovah theGod of Israe1,'And all themsernbly p ; g ~ r
began to murmur against the chieftains." At ~ c 125
h
this all the chieftains said to all the assembly: "$gig%
' W e for our part have sworn to them by Jeho- ,2,S$6r:7
vah the God of Israel, and now we are not allowed ta hurt them.' 20 This is what we shall do *Ec B:z
to them while letting them live,s that no indignation may come upon us over the oatho that
u-e have sworn t o them."o a i So the chieftains Pg,5:5
said t o them : "Let them liveQ and let then1 be- w s a 1:lo
come gatherer9 of ~voodand drawers of waterS 4 ~ 1 9
for all the assembly,"just as the chieftnf ns have Ag;hy;,X,l
OJOS 9 : ~
promised
22 Joshua now called them and spoke to
them, saying: "'5TThy did YOU trick us,' saying, -29:s
' W e are very f a r away f rorn you," mvhe~asYOU @JOS 9:6
are d~vellingin wr very midst?' '"nd
now YOU 'J~s9:18
Rre ctrrsedOpeople," and a slave's0 position and ,B,J!
being gatherers" of wood and drawers of water *Ge9:25
for the house of my God will never be cut off
from YOLI."' :* Then they answered Joshua and '&!;hT;g
said: "It was because your servants were
plainly told that Jehovah your God had commnncled Moses his servant to give YOU all the
"Lvtting tIlcm live." The Rsbr~wverb I I ~ P i s in the infinitive
n l ~ ~ o l u t rind
r , hence impersot~nl nnd inilrfli~ite nx to time. b Or,
" r ~ ~ t , t c .0~Literally,
~~."
"and R sla-rc and ~ n t l l e r ~ r s . ~ ~

703

22;

JOSHUA 9: 25-10 :5

land and to annihilate all the inhabitants of the

and we b e c ~ m every
land from before
much
&aid for our soulsfi because of YOU." SO
311 30:LF
tve did this thing. *"nd now here we are, in
c(:a lo^
;kfl" Wl:> your hande0Just as it is good nnd right in your
eyes t o do t o us, do.)'+2 H And he proceeded to do
$ 1
SO to them and to deliver them from the hand
;;s;*C J ~ I - ;fi 11 OP the sons of Israel, and they did nor ki!I"thern.
Glrh
b:Ir2.13
27Acmrdingly Joshua c o n ~ t i t u t dthem
~
on
F/r R::vO
x c 7 , ~ r , that day gatherers of wood and dl-nwers of water for the assembly" and for Jehovah's altar,
.h:l?,:/,
2
down to this day, at the place lhat he should
:('I1 2 : l N
DC.;:~

I3n 20 16
nl.:u 15.1.1

e l x , 12:;

If!:?

311~1F

C ~ O O S ~ . ~

And it came about that as soon ns A-ds'nize'dek the kingL'of Jerusalem3 heard that
Joshua had captured A'IC and then devoted it
;;;;;r,iO
J O N :
to destyuction,~that just as he had done t o
C 1 0 % lr'l
and its king,' so he had done t o A'i
r :lo, s.51 '~er'i.cho-Q
'J09 Ii 2
~ n its
d king," and that the inhabitants of Gib'eaqfla n:.o
on had made peace with IsraelRand were con{$
;
tinuing in their midst, hec became very mush
5;;',;;:
lo:nafraid,* because Gib"e.onwns n great city: like
?.!IN !
l 0
=ISL&
2;:s
one of the royal cities,a0 and because it was
2% 1 2 : S
greater than A'i and a11 its men mere might3r3
C J , a:;?
men. Consequently A.doPni-ze'dekthe king of
';~::~:$~~
Jerusalem" sent to Ho'ham the king of He'c ~ 32.10
~ w bronm and to Pi'ram the Icing of Jar'muthr and
rJoM 'l2:ll
,roc 2 1 zrr to Ja.phi'a the king of La'chlshm and to De'bir
11:w
IS 1.i the king of Eglon,t saying, ' "Come up to me
2(% 1 t " t
!
:, m d help me and let us strike Gib'e.on, because
i t has made peace with Joshua and the sons of
Israel."ll
"At this they gathered together and
I$J u r l9l : 15
lII
-Or, L - l i \ ~ ~31,
s . l ln~pk'eak (in the plural nanlbcr) ; LLT,psp.rlr~'

;ya
I

CJILSI:

10

I I Q ~

L$f,t\,&
w<t

t;z:$ig

(in the plnrnll ; I'g, a'fzi.~~~n

(in tho plurnl). b LiternHp, "gave."
31, aa.thrr~r'; Pmrn which the word "h'cthti.nim" i~ il~.rivclil.a .'IIe,"
SyVg; Litl~q,l)
WL+YX. * Literally, "the cities o f thn kiugdom."

JOSHUA 10:6-12

704

!vent on up, five kings of the Arn'or.1tpsnYthe YGe 1~

king of Jemalem, the king of He'hron, the
king of Jar'muth, the king of La'chish, the king
of Eg'lan, these and all their cnmps, and they
proceeded t o camp against Glb'e.on and to w w
~ ~ n i n it.y
st
YJOS 9 2
6 Upon that the men of Gjb'e.on sent to JoshJ~~5:10
ua at the camp a t Gil1ga1,Esaying: "Do not let B Jos
96
your hand' relax from your r l a v e ~ Come
.~
up to
us quickly and do save us and help us, for all the
k i n ~ sof the rlmlor.ites inhabiting the mountainous region' have collected together against +Jos21:11
us.'* So Joshua went on up from GII'gaI, he
and all the peoplea of war with himh3nnd all the
:;$:g
valiant mighty men.
8 Then Jehovah said to Joshua: "Do not be
afraid"of them,' for into your hand 1 hnve given
them.' Not a man of them will stand against :gg;s
De 20:1
you."' And Joshua proceeded t o come against 'J"p'z.:
them by surprise. All nightz long he hacl gone up CJs6:E
21:44
from Gll'gal. dnA"'
Jehovahc went throwing DJOS
'Jas 1:5
them into confusion before I ~ r a e l nnd
, ~ they'
;h$;&
began to slay them with a great slaughter a t E
24:h 1-1:12
18.14
Ci1j'e.b and n7entpursuing them by way of Ps
~ ~ 4 4 :
the ascent of Beth-ha1ron@
tsnd sIayEn~.them as A2a72?:
far as Aze'kah* and Mak.ke'd8h.'" And it came P$g
,l!;:,
~ l m u that
t
while they were fleeing from before
Israel wid were on the descent of Beth-ho'ron ~ 0 1541
s
Jehovah hurled great stones' from the heavensm
;
!;g3
upon them as far as A.zetkah,and more got to ;
g;s;&
dic who died from the hai2stones2 tiIan those Re
~ ~ : 2 1
CJqb 35.n
tvhorn the sons of Israel kill& with t l ~ sword.
e
aJos 13:m
J O Su
:1
12 It was then that Joshuao proceeded to ~UGe
19.24
speak t o Jehovah on the day of Jehovah's

* Litel-all;r, "he!'

(but in the collective srnso A A refrrring t o Israel),

M; ' ' I T c l i o v a h ' ~ K y ' ~ . o s )L, X X ; "tl~ep," NyT (Lognrdian ~ d i ~ o n ) .

705

JOSHUA 10~13--21

abandoning the Am'or.ites to the sons of Israel,

and he went on to say before the c ycs of Israel :
"Sun,"' be rnotionIess~2over G i b ' c . ~ n , ~
And, rnoon,O over the low plain of Ai'jn.10n.''~
Accordingly the sun bept motf~nlessand the
moon did stand still. until the nation could take
veng~ance~
on its enemies.:: Is it not written in
the book' of Ja'shar?"' And the sun kept standing still in the middle of the heavens rind did not
hasten to set for about a ~vt'holcclay."' And no
day has proved to be like t h ~ one,'
t
either before it: or after it, in that Jehovnh listened t o
the voice of a man, for Jehovah f w ~ who
s
was
figl~tjngfor Brael."
15 After that Joshua and all Israel with him
returned to the camp a t Gil'g~I.'
I 3.22
16 Meantime these five k i n fled0
~
and went
.-?<'I1
.* 2-l
3
21 I m
, ,,, hiding themselves in the cave at Mak+ke'dahBA
I,*

X ~ C
1i

*.iris
JOS

" Then the report was made to Joshua, saying:

: ~

:,:in
i~:o

LPs 46.5

t . : , , IP:IO
~

"The five kings have been E~undhidden in the

CRVP at Mak.kerdah,"0 At that Joshua said:
ROLL great stones up to the mouth of the cave

.F<;;'&'i? and assign men over it to guard them,'

As

SOL men, do not stand still. Chase after

~ W L ~enemies
R
and tdou must block them off. Do

for

mnm:e
EJg8128

not allow them to enter into their cities," for

Jehovahg YOUR God has given them into youa
hancls."
20 And it came about that as soon as Joshua
and the sons of Israel had flnished slaying them
with a very great slaughter until these came to

'Janrk2.1

fheirend"andthosewhodidsua.vlv~ofthemes-

*ler8:14

caped and went entering into the fortifid

cities," all t h e people then began to return to
the camp, to Joshua, at Mak,ke'dah In peace.*

rJr6:23

Or, "keep quiet (silent) ," b OrI ((the wps<ght one."

706

JOSHUA 10:22-28

Not a man sharpend his tongueQagahst the

sons of Israel." 22 Then Joshua said: "OPEN the *E"1"7
3 ~ 54:if
n
mouth of the cave and bring out these five Icings J s n ~ : ~ l I
from the cave to me."' :$At that they dld so " l s n ~ ~ :
and brought out to him from the cave these five
kings, the king of Jemalern,d the king of Het:!3, I
bron,"~le king of Jar'muth,' f h e king of Lay- &;;qzf?"jy
cbjd~,'the king of Eg'lon." A n d it came about NLI1.i 22
that as soon as they had brought out these kings ', !I(,9'q 12.1x
ZI.N
t o Joshua, Joshua proceeded to call all the men a$,:!';$;!,
of Israel and to say to the commanders of the
men of war that had gone with him: "Come for:;I.,
ward. Place YOUR feet on t h e back of the necks h a 1li:?3
of these kings." So they came forward and
placed their feet on the back of their n ~ c k s:. *?$
:?: aj:13 I
"' ~d
Joshua went on to say to them: "Donot rr;
T;q ~ 1 O : l
be afraid or be terrified.* Be courageous and
'
;
;ay(i",$
strong, for it is Like this that Jehovah will do >In\
*I::+
''s''7'x
to all YOUR enemies against whom YOU are
warring,""
DDn
De 7:10
s:21
26 And after that Joshua proceeded t o strike
them and put them t o death and hang them
upon five stakes," and they continued hanging
J 20:23
upon the stakes until the evening.3n87 And it 3&,
25:4
came about that at the time of the setting of the t ~ & ~ l , $ ~
sun Joshua commanded and they went taking 2sn 2y.n
them dawn off the stakes4 and throwing them bDe21:23
into t h e cave where they had hid themselves.
Then they placed big stones at the mouth of the
1~17
cave--until this very day.'
e m s0:111
28 And Joshua captured Mak.ke'daha an that .!us 12.18
Jos 1k.11
day and \vent striking it with the edge of the
v;:z,le
mvord. As for its king, he devoted him and J C , ~~ ' 2 1
every soulb that was in it 10 destruction.* H e i:; :i>
:+

707

I
7:6

En;:;

g Wternllg, ''trees."
LXT, xy'fon; T'g, stittilpi,te~ ( J r p ~ ~t t ~
l ,~
trunks''). b "Sod." N? nsplt'esh; LXY, "eveqthillg hmrttlling!'

JOSHUA 10:29-47

let no suw3vor remain. So he did t o the king of

Mak~ke'clahjust as he had done to the king of
nJa@8:2
Jer'i.cho,*
~
29 Then Joshua and all Israel with him passed
an from Malr.kePclahto Lib'nah and mvwred
*
~ si sin$st Lib'nnh.'
~
~l%~mrdingly Jehovah gave
I

it
J I N 21
.rrm
1 : rI4I . ~

also and its king into Israel's hand and they

went strik1n.g it and every soulmthat was in it

. r l b i . ~ ~r with the edge of the swolrl. They did not let a
survivor remain in it. Sa they did ta i t s king

Y I ~H
71i1
I19
?::5

of 3er'i.cho.'
31 Next Joshua and all Israel with him passed
on f l ~ m
Ljb'nah l:o La'chish" nnd went camping
c4un
TO^ 1z:ll
~ 3 ' ~
7 a:an against it and marring upon it.)
Accordingly
2K,. j,l.l!Y
2 1 ~ 1IH:I,I J ~ h o v a k
gave Za'chlsh into Israel's hand so that
h'r 11 .=,I1
they caplured it on the second day, and they
MI^ i l i a
E2K1 IaJmH
striking it and every soula that was in it
,,:,,"'%,,:,,went
with the edgc of the sword, according t o all that
+Jon ?O:m they had done to Lib'nah,'
33 It was then that Hotram the king of Ge'mJoa
JOE 1
1B:: 2 zerh
~
went up t o help La'chish. So Joshua struck
hlrn
and his people until he had let not a mr.Inn 7n:lo
~w
21.21
vivor
of his remain.
Ja 1::9
llil 9,lO
34 Then Joshua and all Israel with him passed
ICII ~.n-r
.,L~,'~l$J~ on from L~kl-risht o Eg'lon' and went camping
it and warring against it. And they
i;; !$!:$ against
got to mpture it on that day and began to smite
il itpith the edge of the sword, and they devoted
every
soul" that was in it t o destruction on that
,:,
day,
according
to a11 that they had done t o
1
just ttsl they had done t o the Iring

O:;;
J

UR.29

$?

,.

C h i ~ ~ l . F
?zY~ 36
Then Joshua and all Israel with him went

Jua l0.n

* c ; ~13
s I .

J o n l i 13
.lor
11.13
.luq "1 13

up from Eg'lon to He'b'bro and began to war

against It, ":And they got to captwe it and went
striking it and its king and all its towns and
(in the plum! number).
a '-Soul," If, tr~pk'cdb; EJ, mpk'slra

&,:

JOSHUA 10:33-11

;2

JOSHUA 11 :3-10

708

;es;;,'2:

*bn:zo
struction.*
do6 6:Zi
1
38 Finally Joshua and all Israel, with him
came back t o De'birband began t o war ~ g ~ i n $JJ:,
s "t g;?j(
it. 8D And he gat to capture it and its king nnd ;;: J?;:!
all fts to~rms,and they went striking tbem ~ v i t l J~K I : 11
the edge of the sword md devoting eve18ysoulm
that was in it to destruction.' He did not let a *k:,Fg
I
sumtivor remainmeJust as he had done t o Hc'- mj$1t; L33
1
bron, so he did to De'bir and its king, and just 2 ~ IO:II
0 1 , 18
as he had done to Lib'nah and its king.'
'.Ira5 ? E M 2
40 And Joshua proceded to strike all the w e 1.7
land of the mountainous region*and the NeEf'eb' *i'zs&%a
and the She.phe'lahh' and the slape,s" and all ,9;,x?jIy7
thelr kings. He did not let a survivor remain, : ~ ~ 1 ~
and everything that breathedc" he devoted to :;;;1381
de~kuction,~
just as Jehovah the God of I s r ~ e lb;;: ;o>g
had c ~ m r n a n d e d 4'. ~And Joshua went striking
n: i?
/
them from Ka'desh-bar'ne.ac t o G~'zzaYand all ' ' , ! ~ ~ & ~ ? ~
I
the land of Go'shenz and up to Gibte.on.k
dnA"'
"I'
~ J 2?,10
P
Joshua captured all these kings and thelr land J;, ;
at one time, because Jehovah the God of Israel
e;;;i;;v
if was who nras fighting for Israel, " After that yc;r lnll9
Joshua and all Israel with him returned to the
:r2;
camp at Gil'gal?
,IC
~ kP.%O
lii17
n
ZJrrS I l:l%
And it came about that as soon as Ja'bin" J 115 IT>:BI
the king of Ha'zar heard of it he went ';.:;fig3
sending t o Jo'bab the king of Ma'donl' and t o !,$;;&Ig
the king of Shim'ron m d the king af Ach'- ~ ' J M12:lD
shaph,R %and to the kings that were t o the north u J O a 12:M
'
soul." M, neph'esh; SF, wo,pk'uRa (in the plural narnbcr).
'b Or, 4410wlands,''
=Literally, " m e b~~eath."
~
L-LP:," c v c p IJI-cntlier

a"

11

of lifp";

Tg, "eveq-thing that could brentlie."

in the mountainous regiont a d in t h e desert

plains
south of Chjn'ne.rethahancl in the SheeJ"gEil
phe'lahh' md on the mountain ridges of Dor"
Jos 1;:~ to the west, a the Ca'nnan.iles"to the east and
J g 1%
1 ~ 1 4 : : ~ the west, and the Am'or.iteso and the Hit'titesA
*De 20:17
cce15.ls and the Per'iz.zttes: and the Jeh'u.sitesb in the
mountalno~~s
region and the Wl'vites" a t the
nOEu
D e 7:l
3:8
base of Her'monl in the f ~ n d01 Miz'pah.'" 350
~ { J R3:3
they went out, they and all thejibcamps with
1 De 4:48
-10.
them, a people as numerous as the gains of
ndos 11:s
usa I;:II sandT that are on the seashore for multitude,"
eJg 5 2 2
~
CJos 17:16 and very many horses0and wnr c h n r l o t ~'. Then
V J 7:12
~
all
these
kinmct
tagether
by
appointment
md
1Sa 13:s
came and eucampd togct her a t the waters of
Mer'oms to fight against Israel.'
6 kt this Jehovah said to Joshua: " 0 not
UJOs
be afraid because of them,'; for tomorrow ahout
this time I am abandoning all of them slain to
~ : ~
Xs~ael.~
Their homes you will hamstrings and
:$gnyjF
DJp4:15
their chariotsa you tvill burn in the fire.''z U n d
with him pro~ ~ & l V o s h find
~ n all the people of WRP
Ps46:9
ceeded t o come against them along the waters
mJ0am:9 of l T e r ' o m h y m ~ t . i s ~ a n d t o E n l l u p o n t h e n ~ .
mJ~"n:44
Then Jehovah gave them into Israel's hand"
and they went striking them and pursuing them
as far as Great Si'don" and Mis'se-photh-ma'im*
uJ";glgl&
Zec 9:2
and the valley plain of Mlz'pch' to the east, md
*Jog 13:6
GJOS i1:3
they kept s t r l k i n ~them until they had not let
a survivor of theirs remain. O After that Joshua
did t o them just as Jehovah had said to him:
i39:9
:i6their horses he hamstrungd and their chariots
he burned in the Rile.o
*
$ 10 More than that, Joshua turned about at
that time and captured Ha'zor,' and its king he
*&:%
fJoslQ:6

every soda t h a t was in it with the edge of the

sword. He did not let a survivor remain, according to a11 that he had done t o Eg'lon. So he dsvoted it and every soula that mas in it to de-

re3%"

LiteraZI~,*"inEne.rotb?'

Or, '<thelowlsads,"

JOSHUA 11:11-17
struck down with the sword, because Hayzor
them and putting them to death." l a Many days
015a
was before that the head of all these lringd~rns.~
It Illas that J o s h u ~waged war with all these
I L And they&tvent striking every soulbcthat was Oa8
rJoald:io k1ngs.X' There proved to be no city that made
in it with the edge of the s~voscl,devoting them
pJo*Q!T
pencc with the sons. of IsraeI but the Hi'vftesr
to destruction.^' No breathingC thing at all was "" n:tG
inhaMting GtWe.on.z A11 the others they took
' Jns
J ~Iw
Q:3
~
left over; and he burned Ha'zor in the fire. ~
~
!
\ by war.
~ 2 u For~it proved to be Jehovah's course
" And all the cities of these kings and all their #I-PJ r rElo:.;:
rJa5:16
:T~
to
let
their hearts3 become stubborn4 so as to
~ ' E 4:21
Y
kings Joshua captured and went striking illern
lle2:.*7
declare
war against Israel, in order that he
R o ?1:13
with the edge of the sword.eHe devoted them t o b~7 i"
might devote them to destruction, that they
destruction,' just as Mmes the sewant of Jeho- ~~,?~l;;"
miqht come to Iiave no fnvorablc consideration,
vah had cormnanded.' l 3It was only all the citjm ,c;I j$je
hut in order that he might annihilate them, just
standing on their awn mounds' that Israel did Agt
-Dem:le as Jehovah hrld commanhd hloses."
not burn, except that Joshua did burn Ha'zor ,J,;;$,
21 F'urthermore, at that particular t h e
*Nu
by itself. And all the spoil of these cities and -I..\ 7 1 1 I
Joshun
went ~ n dcut off the An'a.lrimu from
Kt1 :{.<,52
y&l;Fl,
the domestic animals the sons 01 Israel plun- I 7 , 2
1
: I
the
mauntafnous8
region, from He'bron, from
dcred for themselves.* I t was only all human:j$
' J o l ls:sa De'bir, from A'nab* and fmm all the mountainP
J
K
~
O
:
~
kind; that they struck with the edge of the
EJo8ls:l
ous region of Judaho and from all the mountainsword until they had annihilated them. They did 'y;gd;:,
,
n ~ l ~
ous region of Israel."long
with their cities
t.Lo 2;:s
not let anyone that breathed remain.0 l5 Just as ,a{;: a;nr
JOBID.JJ
Joshua
devotecl
thein
to
destruction."
2 y No
Jehovaho had commanded Moses his servant;,' &
Jnx 24:11
?
:
;
"
:
F J ~ HIO:.LI Anra0kirnwere left in the land of the sons of
so Moses commanded Joshuae and so Joshua son 1o:llo
Jp l : 1 R
S
In Gatza,@in Gath4 and in
Jris 12:R
. I s a ~ 7 1 . ,TsraeI. It ~ T ~ Ronly
did." EIe did not remove a word from all that l JOH
JGSR
Ash'dodlc
that
they
remained,
Joshua took
Fp7'
izji"
,;
Jehovah had commanded Moses."
UCC
n - ~ 20:1
t13:17
s;cx 13 "11
the
land,
~ccording
ta
all
that
Jehovah
had
1 1 , ~?3.LT
16 And Joshua proceeded to W e all thfls h : ~ ~ ~ : . ? $
N U ::\ 2
promisecl
Moses,'
and
Joshua
then
gave
it
as
an
TJC!1 I :23
Iand, the mountainous region' and d l the Neg'- bj';q,y!,l
fiJfrs 1 3 1;
InheritanceVo Israel by their shares, accordeb" m d all the land of Go'shenAand the Shen s u z ~ : s 3 ing t o their trfbesbnAnd the land had no dis,:;;:?*:
tmJna1-1:ls
phelahs and the Ar'a.bah' and the mountain- k'y;312;s
dr,rr21.4.1 turbance Prom war.F
a
ous region of Israelk and its S h e . ~ h e ' l a h , r.:,~:rn
~
,rfJ:l z3.1
.J*>l
2 1 !1
Now these are the king$ of the land
'"from Mount Ha'lak: which g s up to Se'lr," ;:f:~$?:
r J o v 1:15
whom
the sons of Israel defeated and
t
SII
21
2-1
and as far as Ba'aS-gadr in the valley plain of r!:l';s"i::s
2:2,
/n.hose
land
they
then took possession sf on the
In
L e h o n s at the base of M o n t Her'mon, and T$:,'.i47
fi:j side of the Jordan2 toward the rising of the
-"9".11
he captt~rdall their kings and went striking
=Jon lg:l2 s ~ n from
, ~ ~the torrent valley of Ar'nonq up
Sn.5 1 3 3
. "They," JU,XX (B); %
' e:
LX'X'(R)SyT'g, "All soltla; By T"g;
to
Mount
Her'monu ~ n all
d the Ar'a.bahvtoward
;y N u ,?
"eveq breathing thing," LIX; rreph'csh, Ji. "Tlevoting ( t l ~ r m ~ )
z 1 23 the sunrise:& Siphonsthe king of the Amforto de~tmction."The H e b m verb here is in the infiniticr nhmlutc,

z,:.;;'

,)

,.,
I)C

and heace iinperaonal and indefinite as to time.

" Or,

lowl lend^."

12

Ir

JOSHUA 12:9-23

713
ites, who dwelt in Heshrbon,zruling from A.roi- zDea:N
erjWwhich was on the bank of the torrent val- 3De3:12
ley of Ar'non,Qnd the' middle of the torrent "NUZ1:13
valley, and half of Gil'e.ado as far as Jab'bok* gL&9&1
the torrent valley, the boundary of the sons d J g 11:n
A m ' r n ~ n , ~and the Ar'a-bah* as far as the sea Fe3Z+E
of Chin'ne.relhaVoward the east and as far as2i:gz;n;
o ~
the sea of the Afa-bah, the Salt sea: t o the A ~ 3:16
east in t h e direction of Beth-je~k'i~rnoth,~
and fiJOS13:23
toward the south under the slopes of PisPgah,-+%,2?;?
4 And the territory of Ogmthe king of Ba'- *ru*uZ1:33
shan, of what was left over of the Reph'a-im,* "E$&
who dwelt in Ashtta.roth# and Ed'xe.i,' and *Nu l:4
21:33
who ruled in Mount Her'rnonn and in Sal'e.cahA::0
and in all Batshan,k as f a r as the boundary of J~~ll:3
D e 3:10
the Gesh'ur.itesbnd the Ma.acta.thites,n and AJ~~
13:11
half of Gil'e.ad,r to the territory of Si'hons the k,2&:i33
1De 3:14 .
king of Hesh%on.t
1Sa 27:8
6 It was Moses the servant of Jehovah and 2: g3,
the sons of Israel who defeated them,u after nZK125:23
which Moses the servant of Jehovah gave it as ~%%'1::"2'3
a holding to the Reu'ben-itesv and the Gad'itesy :%",%%
and half of the tribe of M a a a ~ ' s e h . ~ ~
~ J O3
vDe
S14:4
12
7 And these are the kings of the land whom ;;;3"2j33
Joshua and the sons of Israel defeated on the P J ~ ~ I I : I T
side of the Jwdan toward the west, from Ba'al- +J":::?i5
gadq in the valley plain of Lebanon- and as f a r :4y1it;17
as Mount Ha'lak," which goes up to Se'ir," after *$
which Joshua gave it to the tribes of Israel as a ;
;;
holding by their shares,' in the mountainous *do$ 18:48
region* and in the She.phe'lahn and in the Ar'a- :$ ij:7
baha and on the slopesk and in the wilderness1 rjF1;f;m
and in the Neg-'ebn-the Hit'tites,' the ArnJor-" , ~ g ~ ~ ~ , : : l , l ,
itesr and t h e Ca'naanites, the Per'iz.zites, the rEx 3:8
rDe ?:I
Ri'vites and the Jebtu.sites:s
a Literally, "Chiu'ne.roth"

&

JOB 6:a
uJoS 8%

9 The king of Jer'i.cho,t one:

the king of A'i,Uwhich was beside Bethtel,

one;

;%%&
~ J O S20:7
YJos 103
zsos

10:a

g;:i

+JOS1033

eJ*!4 10:38

~ J o a15:36
*NU
NU 21
14:fi
:3

*NU21 ;I
woslo:29
AJos 1 5 : s
1% 22:1
k ~ o lsa28
nEe 12:s
JOS s:17
Jg 1~22
rJos 15:34
sdos 1'3:B
1x1.4:10

~JOS
1330

uIsa 339
v~0s11:1
YJOS11:10
.~g412
z

030s 19%

+JOS

J-

17:11

s:rs

432

2 K j 23:29
"JOS 1937

J~~ 21:31

Jg 4:G

wos 15:55

,Jos 1 7 : l l
zGe 149

~ J O 4:19
S
JOS

5 3

king of Jer~salern,~v
one;
king of Repbron,Wone;
king of Jartmuth,Y one;
king of La'chishPzone;
king of Eg'lon, one;
king of Ge'zer,' one;
king of De'bir,mone;
king of Ge'der," one;
king of Hor'mah," one ;
king of A'rad," one;
kingof Lib'nah,uone;
t h e king of A.dulJ1am/ one;
16 the king of Mak.kefdah,kone;
the king o f Beth'eJn one;
17 the king of Tap'pu'ah,' one;
the king of He'pher,g one;
18 the king of A'phek,t one;
the king of Las.shar'onju one;
1 9 the king of Mardon,' one;
the king of Ha7zor,7one;
20 the king of Shim'ron-rne'ron,aa one;
the king of Achrshaph,O one;
2 1 the king of Ta'a.nach,' one;
the king of Me.gidPdo,'Bone;
22 the king of Ke'desh," one;
the king of Jok'ne-am in Car'mel,# one;
23 the king of Dor on the mountain ridge of
Dor," one;
the king of Coi'irne in Giltgal,bnone;
10 the
the
11 the
the
12 the
the
13 the
the
14 the
the
15 the

''$him'ron-rne'r~n~ 11; "Shim'ron,"' Lxx (Lagardim edition),

and IIe7ron~'Sy, Probably Jil.ju'li.eh, s little
north of the brook Ka'nah, near the plain of Sha'ron. LXX(B)
reads "Qal'i.lee",
a

Tg; "Shim'ron

JOSHUA 13:3-17
24 the king of Tk'zah," one;
all the kings being thirty-one.
Now Joshua0 rvas old, being advanced In 'J0s nfi
JIIR 23:i
14:l~
years."" So Jehovah said to him: "You "JOB
yourself ]lave grown old and have advanced in ~ a r f i : ~'g
years,n and t o a very great extent the land yet
~ e n ~ n i tnos be taken in possession." This is thc IDn31:s
land yet remaining:" all the regions of the l \ ~ ~ f ; "
Phi.lis'tinesnr and d l the Gesh'ur.jtesn "(from I(rc
I,!?
111 14
(;c-:r;:l
the branch of the Nileh' that is in front a:r a.Jr~s
125
E~.ypt'l and up t o the border of Ek'ronv to thc I S ~ ~ ~ T . F I
north, it used to be reckoned as belonging to t h e %: ?:?3t
Catnaan.Ztes);' five axis lo&
of the Phidis'2,:;
tines," the Ga'zitesaQand the Ash'dlocl.ites; the \j;; .!.:;ll
)[;:lo
Ad~'ke.lon.ites,' the Git'tites"' and the Ek'ron- sJ(lfi
a.11: 3 .r
itcs; and the Afvim." T o the south all the land 1st) 4
of the Ca'naan-ite~;~
and Me.arrah,f wl.rlch Isc- :?7!:
<45I
;.sx
longs t o the Si.do'ni.ans: as far as A'plwk,l( as ;$2,:\,'!0
far as the border of the Arn'or-ites; "and the ; ~ ~ ; ~ ~ < i land of the Getbal.itesg and aII of L e b ~ n o nto- rj;;;;1;,141
ward the rising of the sun, f m m Ba'al-gad' at o~m;~,;;;
the base of Mount Hcr'mon all the n7ayto Ha'm:R
rnath;]'~"a all the inhabitants of the mountainrDP3:B
ous region, from LeGanonr to Mis're-phothrna'lm," all the Si.do'ni.ans;f I myseli shall disc ;jm,!;:"
possess them Imm before the sons o l 1sracl.u
Only make it fall to Israel as an inheritance: =Jon
just as I have commanded youav:And now ap- vJonl-I:l

13

'62%

Jditcrnlly, "days." b Or, "from Ghi'hor.') Uavrl 0111y uf the Phil i s ' t i l ~nnd
~ ~ frru~lthe Bel~rernward ~r r'err, ~rirnniti^ "nxlr ; nxid).
OI*,
'Lp~opIe
of Ga'za." e Or, "peoplr of Pntll.'' "3lf~.~'t~11~,1'
VR,
r Or,,'ipcople of Ge'bxl.>' Set? E~eliicl37 : !), I V ~ P Y P TjSS rnlln C+r'l,ril
. ' K b 11.i" (B;rb'loa), the aiQ in w l ~ i c l pnpyrua
~
wna ~nnrle into
pnpcr. h Or, possibly, "as far as Le'hi-la~'t~~ntlr(1,ion nf Hn'trlntll) ,"
thr name of a place. See T'ahrs Tcatrrrnrub~r~,
Vnl. IT, KO. 2,
A pril 1952, pnge 114.

portion this land as an inheritance to the nine

tribes and the half tribe of Ma.n~s'seh."u
yG:g;$
, 8 With the other half triben the Mu%en.ites
and the Gad'ites took their inheritance that
ZXU 3z:o
De 333 Moses gave them an the side of the Jordan tog: ward the east, just as Moses the servant of
FF,
"
9$$ Jehovah had given them,* '' from A.ro'cr,O rvhjch
BJg11:13 is on the bnnlc of the torrent valley of Ar'non,'
~
and the city that is in the middle of the torrent
*Dc 338
CXU 21:m valley,+and all the tableland nf Medte.hafias far
Isa 15:2
as Di'bon;" l%d a11 t h e cities of Si'hon the king
*xu32:
c 5 0 s 2 ~ : s of t h e Am'os.ites," who relgnttd in Hesh'bon,
*>-u n:2* u p to the border of the sons of Am'mon;"
and
.G, 31:21
GZl'e.adPa and the territory of the Gesh'ur.Itesc
=:= and the Ma.ac'a.thitesLand all of Mount Her'kDe g:;s
monk and a13 Bn'shanl'mfaras Sal'e-cab;' I2alT
II I C5
:!~
1
nne3:lO the realm of Og" in Ba'shan, ~ E I O feigned in
r.3s13:"Asa.roth
and in Ed're.ir-he it was who reSDe3:11 mained of whnt wns left of the Reph'~.irnB-and
Moses went striking them ~ n ddispossessing
z,:24
,";i&
,Jog 2332 them.t l 3And Ihe sons of Israel dfd not dispossess the Gesh'ur.ites ad the Ma.ac'a.thiteslU
*=a 3.3
but
GeshPur*and M a ' ~ ~ c n tkcep
h
dwelling in the
xzu 2:3
VJL:
1s:m
m i k t of Israel down to this daymv
D~ 10.9
14 It was only to the tribe of the Levites that
F1"m2:n
he did not give an inheritance.u The offeringsg
made by fire of Jehovah the God of Israel are
just as he has promised them."
z
~
~ theic
~
~inheritance,
:
:
~
15 Then Mosm made a gift to the tribe of the
0JesZZ:9 sons of Reu'beno by their fmllies, '"and
the
territory cnme lo be theirs from A . r ~ ' e r which
,~
'J0s13:9
is on t h e bmlr of the torrent valley of Ar'non,'
and the city that is in the middle of the torrent
valley,
and nll, the tableland by Med'e.baY
sNun:30
ISP. 152
xNu21:28 " Hesh'bon' and all its towns that are on the

:::

a Literally,

rLsithhim,'' M.

JOSHUA 13 :18-28

716

717

tableland,' Di'bon* and Ea'moth*bn'aln and :cz;;p

Beth-ba'nl-me'on," lPand Ja'kaz ~ n dKed'e- =NU 21 :IR
3?::18
moth' and Mephta.ath,n "and KirPi.a.tha'irnr .\Nu
tnc 2 * 2 ( i
and S I b f m a h w d Ze'reth-sha'har in the mom'"''
tain of t l l ~
EOIF' pIain, '"and Beth-pe'or and the
UJO; 1 2 3
slop& of Pis'gahll and EeZh-jeshfi.moth,'
and riT*ila
37:,19
all the t i t i e of the tab1eland-l'and hll the r e d m rDe 3 10
of Si'hoti the king of t h e Amtor.ites, who reigned
in E l c ~ h ' b o n ,and
~ whom Moses struck,O together ;
!:5?3:025
with the chieftains of Midtiman,:E'vi and Re'- 'Jg 6:l
kern and Zur and Hur and Re'ha,' t h e dukes of -Mu 331s
Si'hon, who mere dn-elling i t 3 the land,dnA"'
Ba'laam3 the son of 13efor,"'the diviner, was ;$tfj;;
one whom the sons of Israel ldlledm with the ?JE 7 : r ~
~ W 0 r ddona with their s h i n onm. =%And
the
boundary of the sons of Reu'bcn cnme to be the
Jordan, and this as a territory was the inheritance of the sons of Reu'ben' by their families, =Xu32:=
with the cities and their settlements.
24 Furthermore, Moses made n gift to the
tribe of Gad? the sons of Gnd by thefr families: z$O,p,?$
In a11d thcir territory came t o be Ja'zer" and aI1
$? j ; ; ; ; :
the cities of Gil'e-ad" and half of the land of the ;DeJg 1:2 . '2x;
sons of Arn'mon" as far as A.roger/ which is in ~ J 10K e
front of Rabrbah;O " "an from Hesh'bon' t o .&'i:L
Ra'math-miz'pehe and B~T'o.nim~ n d
from Ma- :y; ,2,';,2,8
ha.nalirnYo the border of De'hir;* " and in the $
;.\;:;
low plain Beth-ha'mrn" and Beth-nlm'rah' and
=g;
Suc'cotha and Za'phon, the rest of the realm of *s;i 32y;27'10
Sj71on the king of Hesh'bon,kG the Jordan being ZC'i,'iv":
,I ?
k"U
the border as far as the extremity of the sea
of Chin'ne-rethal on the side of Jorclnn toward Igg;$t
the east. ' T h i s was the inheritance of the sons LU 5 1
of Gadn by their families, with the cities and n D e m
their settlem~nts.

Fe:?:jfi7

"":'

Unllrd "Q~in'ne.rr)th" i n the I-Ielarrw text, n t d~shna11

: 2 ; 12 : 3,

29 Further, Moses made a gift to the half

tribe^ of Ma-nas'seh and it came t o be that of
the half tribeb of the sons of Ma.n~s'se11by their
r k 8 : 1 3 farni1ies.r "" And their territory came t o be from
Maha.na'lm" all of Ba'shan, aEt the realm of
mfgzg
~ S 32:33
U
Og the king of Earshan,tand all the tent villages
are in Ba'shan, sixty tatfms. And
'
~
~ of J
~a ' i fr ~that
l
I C h 2 23 half of Gjl'e.~d,m d Ash3ta.rothv and Ed're.i,r
vJos 12 4
YNU2 ~ 3 3 the cities of the realm of Og in Ba'shan, went
" ~ 3 2 : 3 9 t o the sons of Makhirz the son of ?lTa.nas'seh, to
half of the sons of Matchir by their families.
32 These were what Moses gave as an Snlserit""0824:9
ance on the dcsert plains of Mokb+on the side
of the J o r d ~ n ,at Jer'icho, toward the east.$
8:,~3"&33
33 And to the tribe of the Levites Moses did
'De1o:g
not give an Inheritance.' Jehovah the God of
Israel is their inheritance, just as he has prom'FDe 18:I
Jos 18:7 , is& them,"'
Now this is what the sons of Israel took
as a l~eredjtarypossession in the land of
74,13, Ca'naan,? which E.le.a'zarQthe priest and Joshua
the son of Nun and the heads of the fathers of
-XU
the trjbes of the sons of Israel gave them as an
Cdon 125
2s::~ inheritance.' 'Their inheritanceD was by lot,'
$;ij$;j just as Jehovah had commanded by means of
Moses for the nine tribes and the hsllP tribe.
p ~ IX:~S
Pr
16:*
FOYMoses had given the inheritance of the
fixu32:29
De 322
bva other tribes and the other half tribe on the
CJa"l:l
other side of the Jordan," and to the Levites3
cr0s13:14
he did not give an inheritance in their midst,'
'Jos'S:S
For the sons of Joseph" had become tn7o
OJos 173
and E'phra.im;" and they
c y o s 17:3 tribesgAM~.n~shseh'
A g e 48:s
had not given a share in the land to the Levites,

:s

JOSHUA 23 :29-14:4

14

,,,

, ,:,

.'Half tribe." Thc word "tribe" here transhtes thr nehrrn word
sli~'hei.b '.Half tribe." The word "tribe" here tranr;!ntsnt h FIebr~w
~
vord ?nat,teC', this ward hdng used interchongeohly wi! li alrc ' ld .
8

719

JOSHUA 14:13-15:6

certainly dispossess them, just as Jehovah

except cities t o dwell in and their pasture
*das 15:trl p r ~ m i ~ ~ d , " '
JR 1:m
grounds for their livestock m d their property,O o$j!,l,l::b
2.,;I
C
47 i :
13 At that Joshua ble~sed~
himn and gave
V u s t as Jehovah had commanded Moses, so the
.rlls
Re'bmn t o Ca'leb the son of Je-phun'nch as an
sons of Israel did, and they proceeded to npporA30i3 lO:n Inheritance," ' T h ~ is
t why We'bron has come
'XU 8 9 2
lion the land.'
.Tn# 21;;l
ir kt(>: # . I to belong to Ca'Ieb the son of Je.phm'neh the
6 Then the sons of Judah approached Joshua yg :ilyq
Ken'iz.zite as an inheritance down to this day,
in Giltgal$ and Caflebothe sen of Jsphun'neh' :<$;,f,F;.'
:;gg4
s I , , for the reason that he followed Jehovah the God
the Ken'iz.ziteBsaid to him: "You yourself well
.$c 23
*;:"'i, S
. ,, 5*13 of Israel fully: In The name of He'bron' before
know the word that Jehovah spoke* to Moses ; I P ~15.1:
rJc r 1713 that was 1Cir'i.atll-ar'baz (said Ar'ba was5 the
,jJ,hs11m23
the man of God"' rt4t.h regard to me and with :?f,','l?!
great man among the An'a.ldm).b And the Iand
regard to you at atde~h-bar'ne.a.~Fortv .QC; 2: :l'
~ 3 ~ 3 ' 1 had no rlisturbnnce from war.years old I was when Moses the servanit of Jeho. ')3Q
.Nu %:=
vah sent me out of KaYesh-b&ne.a to spy out
h d the lot' of the t e h e of the sons of
c,Jon f g.5
the landk and I came bringing him back word IC"U1:
JudahC by their fnmilies came to be to
"NU k?!37
just as it was in my heart,' "nd
my brothers '2; t!;?
the boundary ofBdom,o" the ~oildernessof Zh,'
"- JN K
U5x. y l
who went up with me caused the heart of tlse
c ~ c z totheNcg'ebDat
~
itssouthermend.'Andtheir
people t a melt;" but as for me, I followed Jeho- nNu 18:fl2
southern boundary came t o be from the extremvahOm y God fully.r Consequently Moses swore
ity of the Salt sea," f ~ o mt h e bay that faces
xu :+I.:+
on that day, saying, 'The land upon which your
sa~tthward."nd
it went out souThward to t h e
4 J ~ l : 3 4 ~ s c e n t oof A.krab'hlrn4 m d passed over t o Zin'
foot has trods will become yours and your sons' sJo8
+NuM:l,
NU 22:s ~ n went
as an inheritance t o time indefinite,t because tNula:m
d up from the south t o Ka'desh-bar'ne.am
*~ufi-\:.I and passed over t o Hez'ronhnd went up to
you have foUowed Jehovah my God fully.'u u - l : a
l o And now here Jehovah has preserved me
Ad'dar' and went around t o ICar'ka. And it
nxu34:5 passed on t o Az'rnonu and went out t o the toralive, Just as he promised,v these forty-five vNUX"30
years since Jehovah made this promise to Moses
rent valley of Egypt,* and the boundary's temi"P".rclsfis
,Sl;:
when Israel 1vaIked in the wilderness,Y and now YE
nation
proved to be at the sea. This came t o
:;$
here I am today eighty-five years old. t1 Yet I
be theirf' southern boundary.
am today as strong as on the day of M o s e s ' ~ ~ ~ o : ~ o
5 And the eastern boundary was the Salt sea
sending me outaZ
As my power was then, so my OG??~~' pJmRa up to t h e end' of the Jordan,' and the 60undary
power is now for the war, both to go out and to $;.; ::;&
at the northern corner was at the bay of the
come in.+ And now do give me this mountain- y'sl$?;
3 x ~ M ! t a sea, at the endoof the J ~ r d a n . ~ ~ A
theboundnd
o m region that Jehovah promised on that day,'
u
"Snirl hr%n war." Tbmr rrolds nm upp plied to complete the sensefor you yourself heard on that day that there ;p
Isn s , : . . ~
1
d],this h e
Litclallp,
"l~c,"11. "Sl'n9 thr! ritg of h ~ ' p 1 [Ar'bo,
were An%.kim"there and great fortified cities.' f!ihI;:d.'ii'
iag ~ I I Pt~lrllnpolin of the An'n.kl~~,''LLT(B). c Ur, 'mpas<."
/
Likely Jehovah d I be with me" and I shall
d'bTltrifF J,,XY; "your," MSy; ~ I ~ O I I O U I aI ~ n i t t ~b~
d Vg, Or,

15

:;;:z:,

"God." Hebrew, An-E&o-him'. See Detemno~ng33 : 1, foott~otpn,

"~~~lltli."

JOSHUA 15:7-12

720

721

18:f0
m y !vent up to Beth-haglahAand p=sd over qO$
at the north of Beth-arra.bah,%d the bound- 4JDn1s:22
ary went up to the stone of Bothan' t h e son of 'Jofl18:l7
Reu'ben. ' And the boundary went up to De'bir
7:m
at the valleya of A'chor' and turning north\rrard "30s
Is:! M : ~ Q
to Gil'gal," which is in front of the ascent of 2~:1?I,:;'a
A.du!nfmim,"which is soutlz of the torrent val- ,<;;:;$,,,
ley, nnd t h e boundary passed over to t h e waters
;l;;:l,y;;;;
of En-shelmesh,* and its terminntion proved to iI<I I :n
be En-1.0'gel.~ And the boundary went up to '$I:
;?:$

the valley of the son of Hin'nomhl to the slope of

the Jebku.sitemat the south, that is t o say, Jew- i;r2:'i2;2
s a l ~ n l , and
' ~ the boundary went up to the top of
E:.
the mountain that faces the valley of Hin'norncl
~l ; : ; ; ; ;m
;t
to the west, which is at the extrenlity of thc low
plain of Reph'a.im to the n o ~ t h'. And the hound- s,',g,a;itl,
ary was marked out from the top of the rnoun- y;;;;
t ~ i tno the fountain of the waters of Neph#to'ah,t to]18s 18.15
n t ~ dwent out t o the cities of Mount E'phron;" a(:e2*R
and the boundary was marked out t o Btilal.ah,r v!F$
that is t o say, Kir'i-ath-je'arim.Y And the Y;&;!;
boundary went around from Batal.ah westward
to Mount Se'ir and passed over to the slope of
Mount Je'ar.im at the north, that is to say,
Ches'aJon; and it went down to Beth-sh e'rneshz x:g; g;i5
and passed over to Ti'nah
And the bound;,;;I
ary went out to t h e slope of Ek'rori to the -:'I; 3
54
north, and the boundary was marked out to -:rr: 1.1 2
Sktik'kemn and passed aver t o Mount B~'al.ahA?:;
and went. out to Jab'ne.el, and the termination ;:;; ;{;
YiL 1:2
of the boundary proved t o be a t the sea.
12 And thewestern bomdwy~vaaa t the Great '?: $j:!
sea* and its shoreland. This was the boundary all ;li!.;: :$:"2$

."

g:tJ"

:
Jos 19:a

'Ge 23:Z
J o s 11:15
Jos 2_1:12

-Ge 3 x 2 7
Nu 13:22

Jos 20:7
'Joa XO:36
Jos 11:21
ESu 13:22

.'.IF:1:10

I d g 1:ZU
- J o s 10.3

JOSHUA 15:13-22

around, of the sons of Judah by their families.

13 And to CnrTeh* the son of Je-phun'neh he
gave a share in the midst of the sons of Judah
a t the order of Jehovahc to Joshua, namely,
Kir'i-ath-ar'ba' {said Ar'ba heingn t h e father of
A'nak) , that is to say, Herbron." I d So Ca'lebo
drove away from there the three sons of A'nak,'
namely, Shekl~al"and A.hipman and Tal'maijA
the children o1A'nak.I': ' T h e n he went up from
there t o the inhabitants of De'bIr.' (Now the
name of De'hir before that was Kir'Lathse'pher.1 IflAnd Cn'leb proceeded t o say:
"Whoever strikes KirYath-se'pher and does c a p
ture it, I shall certainly give him Ach'sah' my
daughteF as a wife.": At that Oth'ni.elu the
son of Ke'naz,' Ca'leb'ir brother, captured it.
Accordingly he Wve him Ach'sahr his daughter
as a wife. And it came about t h ~ when
t
she
was going homc she lccpt inciting him to ask a
fieId from her father. Then she clopped her
hands while upon the assacAt this Ca'leb said to
her: "What do you want?'"' '"0 she said: "Do
give me a Messing, for It is a piece of land to
the south you h a v given
~
me,and you must give
me GuE'loth-maflm,"Uccordingly he gave her
Upper Gul'loth' and Lower Gu1'loth.Q
20 This was the inheritance of the txibe of
the sons of J u d ~ h "
by their families.
21 And the cities at the extremity of the
tribe of the sons of Judah toward the boundary
of E'domlc in the south came to be Kab'ze.ell
and E'dern and Jatgur, " nand Ki'nah and Dimma'-

"Said &%a being,,' Thrw worrl~ nrc in~rrtedto romplrte the

Eense. b See E m b e r s 13 : 22, fnC!tnoteC. * Or, "Then ~hthoslid down
(alighted) from off the n ~ s . " JIcnning "Springu of irnter'!. Or,
"the upper aprinp &and the lowcr sprir~gs.''

JOSHUA 15:23--47

922

723

nah and A.dardah, ""and Ke'desh and Ha'zor

and Ith'nan, z4Ziphsand TeYlemt and Be.a'lolh, o;EF:'fi4

JOSHUA 15:48-63

its settlements, down to the torrent valley of

Egypt, and the Great seaa and the adjacent

" and Ha'zor-ha-dat'tah and Kerri.oth-hez'ron,t ISTI

lGel6:lB
that is t a say, H a ' z ~ r , Z8
~ A'mam and She'mn ~ ! ~ ~ ~ ~ !xu{3 4 ~5 repi0n.i
Jo~13:3
48 And in the mountainous reglon Sha'mir
and M ~ . l a V a hP7, ~and Ra'zar-gad'dah and Hesh'- ,:i",:i
oJ0sZ1:14 and Jat'tiru and Sotoh, '"and Dan'nah and
mon and Beth-pel'et,Y 2s and Ila'zar-shu'alx and
Kir'Lath-san'nah, tlmt 1.q t o say, De'bir, 6 0 and
ne'er-shp'bax*and Biz.i.o.thirah, Bn'a].~12'~
and .<!us If):?
A'nab and Esh'te.n~ek+ancl A'nim, nnd Go'I'im md E'zem,"O and E1.to'lad ~tndChe'sll nncl TIP 21:l.E
'
2
;i
g
g
I!?!!
JtbK l!I:!l
lcll6 57 shew and Ra'lon and Gitlotr;x eleven cities and
I-701-'mah," 91 andzik'lag" and Mad.rnan'nal+ nnd *!(.I,
.!:a!!
ydos 10.61
J ~ IL;IB
S
their settlements,
Sms~n'nah," and Le.ba'oth and Shil'him and "$':!&'"
E2Sa 1 x 3 2
Isa21:11
52 A'rab nnd Du'rnah* and E'shan,
and
A'in' ~ n Rim'mon;"
d
all the dties being twenty- i;nl!y+l
Ja'nim and Beth-tnptpu+ahand k.phe'ltah+JMand
AJrru 1 ! 1 : 1 ~
nine, together with their settlements.
IS;,":G
Y;e23:a
Hurn'tah and 1Cir'i.ath-akdba,' that is to say,
33 In the She.phelahxthere were Esh'ts.01~,!:;j %
AJosl-i:w
:
He'bron;
and Zi'or; nine cities and their settlel'llLi.u
and Zo'rah" and AsWnah, and Za.no'ahl and : lN,.
11'2'1
ments.
En-gan'nim, Tap'pudn and E n a m , Jat*'rnuthri- ~ J C1:7
55 Ma'onI4 Car'mcl m d Ziphe and JutYah,
ancl A.dulrlm,S So'caht and A.ze'kah,n " and .*!" K 13
":'
23~14 58 and Jezpre.el and J~kVde~arnand Za.notah,
1%41
Sha'a.ra'irny and Ad.E.thatim and Ge.de'rah and RTos
J,I~:Z;
.Ge 1 3 ~ ~
Ka'in, Gihre.ah and T i m ' n h ;" ten cities and
Ged.e.ro.ttlatirn;fourteen cities and their settle- g%:y;,3&
their
settlements.
ments.
n,lo,p
I N P II:.XI
12: 1 7
Itlcn 4:39
58
Hal'hul, 13eth-xur and Getdor,k and Ma'37 Zekans and Ha-dash'ah and Mig'dal-gad, 1:;:; iii:,
a.rath
and Beth-rt'notlz and Elpte+kon;
six cities
ua "and Di'1e.m and Mjz'ph and Jok'the.el,"
ryj:
and their settlements,
" La'chishu and Boz'kath4 and Eg'Ion,# 4 n .and, l;hy;
';'!;
1 ~ 5 0 s 60
~ ~Wi.ath-batal,l
~
that Is to say, Rirti.athCab'bon and Lahrmam and Chit'lish,
and u.11,. 10.10
nJos
je%.rh,ll
and Rab'bab ; two cities and their setGe.deProth,Beth-da'gon and Nara.rnahand Mak1'
f
?
'2Kl 14.7
tlements.
ke'dah ;' sixteen cities and their settlements.
+--; lLs ~ O : R
,r\l
1S:t4
'Jon 18:=
61 In the wilderness Bet h-ar'a.bah,r Mid'din
42 LIb'nahP and E'ther" and A'shnn, '"and :.zlii U : I
and Se.catcah, " 3 d Nih'shan and the City of
Iph'tah 8nd Ash'nah and Ne'zib, and Kd'lah" ( ;. J.i,m
r m I~I:'LT
i0:a
and Ach'zibk and Ma.rershah;l nfne cities and $A";f'
Pi$gF Salt and En-gefdi;*six cities and their settle-.I<>* 141n'i
ments.
their settlements.
nlsn z , ~ : I
63 As for the Jebpumsitesf
who were dwelling
45 Ek'ronn and its dependent to~vnsaand its'^^;,:\^;&
t ~ Ig:X
2sa 5'6
in Jerusalem,u the sons of Jtldnh were not able
~~ttlernents.From Ek'ron westward all thnt is 11Ja. t,E:3
ulCh 11:4
t o drive them away, and the!Jeb'u-sites c o n h e
alongside Ashfdod and theIr settlements.
dwelling with the sons of Judah in Jerusalem
c
.
2
~
a
5:l
47 A~h'dod,~its dependent townsR and its
downtothisday.Y
;
settlements; Ga'za," its dependent townsn and nJu
b

,,,:,,

Liternlly,

'lit5

dnnghters."

'Likerallg! "the sea o f the border (tho bordering sen).F1 But

31 (mnrgilz), LALTSyTrg,
<'the Grcnt sea."

725

lm down to this d a p md came t o be subject t o

bg:Esa
17:19 slavish forced 1abor.u

16

And the loty came out for the sons of yNuM:Ss

Joseph= from the Jordan' at Jer'i.cho3 :e&ai:1
to the waters of Jefli-cho eastward, the wilder1
ness going up from Jdi-cho into the mountainQ
J
~
~
ous region of Beth'd." ' And it went out from
Beth"eln belonging to LIE? and passed over to OGC
uou z lfi:13
&:~B
the boundary of t h e Ar'chites) a t At'a.roth, 42snl":l"
and it \vent down westward to t h e boundary
of the Japh'le-tites as far as the boundary of
Lower Beth-hdron' and Ge'zer? and its termi- *:,W,Tj$
W C '~1 9 8
I
nation proved t o be at the sea.
'Jon
1
m
4
4 And the sons of Joseph," Ma.na3seh and
Erphra.im,proceeded to take possession of land,
(
a And the boundary of the sons of E'phra.lm by
their families came t o be, yes, the boundary of
their inheritance 'coward the east came to be
Atta.roth-ad'dar," as far aa Upper Beth-horron;"tc,;$ g#J
@andthe boundary went out to the sea. Mich.
me'thathn was on t h e north, and the boundary nJos 17:7
went around eastward to Ta'a-nath-shi1loh, and
passed over eastward t o Ja.rrotah. A n d it went
down from Ja-no'ah to Atla.roth and Na'a.rah
and reached t o Jer'i-chot and went out t o the t r ; ' , " I ~ ~ ~
Jordan. From Tap'pu.ahu the boundary moved
on westward to the torrent valley of Ka3nah,v ;f.b; 3;;
and its termination proved to be at the 5ea.y sNu 3 . i : ~
This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons J" "'"
of Fphra.im by their families. And the sons of
Etphra.im had enclavea cities2 in the midst of 'Jds17:5
the inheritance of the sons of Ma.nas'seh, all
the cities and their settlements.
10 And they did not drive away the Carnaan- .Jm 15:g9
ites' who were dwelling in Ge'zer,cl and the J1$61:m
9.1~
CaFnaan.ifescontinue dwelling in among E'phmI

;;:

Or, "sepamted ; kohtetLS'

,:

JOSHUA 17:1-6

the lotkame t o be for the tribe of

z,"~?IT
i 17 And
Ala.nastseh,* 'because he was Joseph's
tlffln

N ; c 41:51
C;e 4 8 , l R

first-born,' for Ma'chir" the first-born of Manas'seh,"tire father of Gil'e.ad,C*k a u s e he was

., ,,:2s:,,one who proved to be a man of war; and Gil'e-ad
3~ 5 .
and Ba'shanc came to belong .to him. "And
there
0,108 21 (F
'st1 I O . ~ ! , came to be a loth for the sons of Ma.na'seh who
3 13
were Ieft over according t o their families, for
k f R &I1
the SORS of Atbi-e'zerk and the sons of He7ckL
JL'8:?
and the sons of Astri.eln and the sons of She'?,:$?,:;
chernca and the sons of He'pherr and the sons
r h u 26:32 af She.mi'daqr
These were the sons of Maaas'seh
the son of Joseph, the males according to their
rvUm33families. a AS for Ze.lo'phe.had=the son of He'N u 3&:2
pher, the son of Gil'ead, the son of Ma'chir, the
son of Ma0nastseh,he proved t o have, not sons,
hut daughters, and these were the names of his
t M M 27:1 d ~ u g h t e r: , Mah'lahi
~
and Nofahl Hog'lah, Mil1cah and Tir'zah, So they presented themselves
before E.lea'zaru the prieat and Joshua the son
303 "in
14 1
of Nun and the chjeftains, saying: "Jehovah it
tvas who commanded Moses t o give us an inheritance fnthe midst of our brothers." Accord, i n ~ l yhe gave them, at the order of Jehovah, an
inheritance in the midst of the brothers of their

~ J: 21:17
P ~

0.1 rrs %?:1

n.,~,~
b<;c<
),'!

r)ia

father.

*Jm
Cfwls:l
a "A 106,"
v e m 1.

5 And there were ten allotments f d h g to

Ma.nas'seh apart from the land of GilPe.adand
Ba'shan, which were an the other side of t h e
Jordan;Y for the daughters of Ma.nasrsehcame
into an inheritance3 in the midst of his sons,
and the land of Gil'ead became the property of
inmerted for

RBRRei

"it," ttterdly, m~nningthe lot, as in

JOSHUA 27 :7-14

726

the sons of Ma.na%'seh who were left over.

7 And the Boundary of Ma.nasPsehcame 20 be
from Ash'er t o Mich.me'thath,z which Is in
front of She'chem,* and the boundary moved to
the rightJ to the inhabitants of En-Tap'pu.ah.
The land of Tap'pu.ahg became Ma.nas'sch1s,
but Taptpu.ahat the boundary of Mn.11as'sek belonged to the sons of E'phra-im. " And the boundary went down t o the torrent valley 01 1Ca'nah,Lsouthward to the torrent valley of these
citiest of E'phra-irn3 in the midst of the cities
of Ma-nas'seh, and the boundary of Ma.nas'seh
w a s on the north d the torrent valley and its
termination came to be at the sea.' "To the
6011th i t was Etphra.imk s d to the nortl), M R nas'seh 's, and the sea m e to be his&boundary ;
and on the north they reach t o Ash'eri and on
the east, to Is'sa.~har.~
11 And there came to belong t o Ma.nas'seha

in Is'sachar and in Ash'er Beth-she'an-and its

dependent towns and Ib'iean* and its dependent towns and the inhabitants of Dork and its
dependent t o m and the inhabitants of En-dorl
m d its depend& towns and the inhabitants of
Tara.nachnand its dependent towns and the In.
habitants of hle.gid'do' and its dependent towns,
three of the heighls.
12 And the sons of Ma.aas'seh did not pmve
able t o take possession of these dties, but the
Ca'naan.ites persisted in dwelling in this lauld.'
dnA%'
it turned out that when the sons of Israel
had grown strong,t they went putting the Ca'.
naan.ites at forced labor,u and they did not dis.
possess them entirely.
14 And the sons of Joseph proceeded to speak

JOSHUA 17:15-18 :3

727

with Joshua, saying: "Why is i t that you haw

given me as an inhedtance one lot" and one allotment, whereas I nrn a numerous people for
the reason that Jehovah has blessed me until
r~ ib8:19 now?'''
At this Joshua said t a them: "If you
G e 4922
are a numerous people, gci your way up t o the
,,,,,;. forest and you must cut it down for yo~trself
Cx33:2
there in the land of the Per'iz.zitess and the
Ezr 9:1
"(a14:s Reph'a.im,' because the mountainous regionuof
r ;e 1 5 : ~
2% 5:16 EPphra.im has become too nRrrew for you,"
"Jos 19:SO
TO, 24 u Ic Then the sons of Joscph said : "Themountainjgm4
ous region is not enough for us, and there are
war chariotsm with irono scythes among aJl the
>Jgf:19
CaPnaan.ites dwelling in the land of the low
J E 4:3
+Jas 1.;plain,
both those who are in Beth-she'anWand
LKL 4:12
its dependent towns and those who are in the
valleya of Jeztre,el."* So Joshua said this to
the house of Joseph, t o E'phra.im and Ma.nas'2 ~ i s ; r o seh: "A numeroils people you are and great
Ho 1:4
LJOS 17:14 power is yours. You ought not to get one lot,"
l%ut the mountainous region should become
yours."
Because it is a forest, you must cut it
'z4%:7
down and it must become t h e termination point
for you. For you should drive away the Ca'**Jasao:1
n m . i t e s , although they have war chat'Iobwith
21:4
JOG 13:6
iron scythe$ and they are stmng."'
PS Z i : 1
eJ03
Then all the assernblp of rthe sons of
Wos 19:51
Israel were called together at Shi'lohck
and ~they proceeded
t o locate
the tent" of meet'
~
5
~
~
Jog 22:s
ing
there,'
as
the
land
was
now
subdued before
21 19
$;+& them. 'But there were still left among the sons
I :?:
:ii4 of Israel those whose inheritance they had not
1Sa4:3
apportioned out, namely, seven tribes. a Sa
Joshua said to the sons of Israel: "How Iong

,zsgz

;z; ;bz6

18

Or, 'lew plain."

L i t a l l y , "chariots of iron."'

JOSHUA 18:4-11

728

729

YOU going to be delinquent about going in

to take possession of the land that JehovahCthe 5Jg 2:n
God of nouR forefathers bas given
Fur- "JEmD
PC10:4
nish for yourselves three men of each tribe and
1
let me send them out,' that they may get up and
$$
walk about in the land and map it out in accord
with their inheritance, and let them come to me.
%d they must apportion it among themselves
into seven shares. Judaho will keep standing on EJos I9:l
his territory to the south," and the house of sJ0al5:l
Joseph0 will keep standing on their territory to ;:$;?
the northmt As for YOU people, YOU will map i
; ;gg4
out the land into seven shares and YOU must y k ~ &
bring them here t o me and I must cast lot@ here P, ros:ll
for aou before Jehovah" our God. For the Pr 16:33
Levites have no share in among Y Q U , ~because '2::;:;
the priesthood of Jehovah is their inheritmce,y ~g
;:;
and Gad and Reu'ben' and the half tribe of *De3:12
Ma-nas'sehn have taken their inheritance on the ODe

are

,,,,,:,,

side of the Jordan toward the east, which Moses

a s 4:47
t h e servant of Jehovah has given them.""
8 So the men got up that they might go, and
Joshua proceeded to command those who were
going t o map out the land, saying: "Go and
walk about in the land and map it out and return to me, and here is where I shall draw lots
for YOU before Jehovah in S h i l ~ h . ' ' ~With that o~g;;;~,
t h e men went and passed through the land and
mapped' i-t: out by cities in seven shares, in a +Jos18:4
a4:26
bookB0After that they came t o Joshua at the
camp in Shiloh, l o and Joshua went drawing
lots' for them in Shi'loh before Jehovah. Thus @F;$;f;
Joshua there apportioned the land to the sons of
SAC1319
Israel in their shares."
11 Then the lot came up of the tribe of the 9J'~osZ1;4
sons of Benjaminw by their families and the *% i:jg

JOSHUA 18:12-18

territory of their lot went out between t h e sons

of Judahk and the sons of Josephmll2 And their
boundary came to be a t the northern corner
from the Jordan, and the boundary went up to
nJos 5:i
the slope of Jer'i.chou on the north and went
90s 3:16
dos 6:1
up
on t h e mouptain westward, and its terminarJos 7:2
tion proved to be at the wilderness of BethHQ4 9 5
H o 5:s
a'ven." l3 And the boundary passed over from
H O 10:s
sJos 16:2 there to Luz,a at the southern dope of Luz,that
J g 1:26
c ~ 1:za
g
is to say, Beth'e1,"t and the boundary went dolm
tGe 28:19
u Jos 16:5
to Atra.roth-ad'daruupon the mountain that is
on the south of Lower Beth-ko'ron.Y And the
boundary was marked out and went around at
the western side to the south from t h e momtain that faces Beth-ho'ron t o the south,and its
ysw I 5 9 termination proved to be at Kir'Lath-ba'al,~
Jon 15:60.
1% 7:l
that is to say, Kir'i-ath-jera.rim,"a city of the
k l ~ 135
b
sons of Judah. This is the western side.
15 And the side to the south was kom the extremity of Kirkth-jera.rim,* and the boundary
went out westward and went out to the spring
~ J O S159
of the waters of Nepk.totah." IG And the boundAJos 15:s
2x1 23:10 ary went down to the extremity of the moun2Ch 2B:3
tain that faces t h e valley of the son of HinrIsn 3 3 3 3
norn,"" which js in the low plain of Reph'a.irno
Jer 7:3L
Jer 19:2
t
o the north, and it went down t o the valley
I I t 5:22
ODe 2:11
2Sa 5:lS of HinJnom,b t o the slope of the Jeb'u.site+on
Isa 17:5
+Jos1 5 5 3 the south, and went down ta En-ro'gelP l7 And
J g 1:s
it was marked out northward and went out to
Jg 19:lO
En-shepmesh"and went out to Gel.i'loth, which
@do8153
2Sa 1717
is in front of the ascent of A.dwn'mim,%d it
3Ki l:9
~ J o 15:7
s
*Jo% 15:6 'went down to the stone of Bo'han* the son of
~eu'ben.l8 And it passed over to the northern
BJos M:1
1Jos 16:l

"Valley o f the sons of En'nom," Tg. b4'Valley of Hin'nom (gey

Eim.aom')," M; Gati.ea.ma, L X X ; "Ge.enlnom (that ia, the valley
of En'nom)," Vg. From this comes our English word ('Ge.hen'na".
a

I
JOSHUA 18:19-19: 5

s l a p In front of the Ar'a.bah and went down

to the Ar'a-bzhk IQ And the boundary pass4 kmlfl
over t o the northern slope of Beth-hog7ah,"and *JOJ lRfl
the termination of it (the border) proved to be
at the northern bay"f
the Salt sean ~t the 1JmlR2
1.19
southern end of t h e Jordan. This was the south- nGc
2:
t,y;
ern boundary. "O And the Jordan served as its ~ ~ 8 " : i : l s
boundary on the eastern side, Tl-~iswas t h p in- ""'"':"
herit~tnceof the sons of Benjamin by their
t'Jm 18:11
families, by its boundaries all around.'.
21 And t h e cities of the tribe of the sons of
ii!
Benjamin by their families proved to be Jer'i- i; ;gj;*
ehoa and Beth-hog'laht and E'mek-ke%iz,a'J and yq+g
f;:y
Rethar'a.baht and Zem-a.ra'imt?and I3eEh'~l,~uc:? ~e
9%nci AAv"vlrn and Pa'rah and Ophrrah,S *' and v?I$!Rh
Che'phar-amPma.ni and Oph'n t and Ge'ba;" A::, $
:
*.1 1 5~ T . T Y
twelve cities and their settlemet~ts.
' L r %:pU
23 Gib'ean* and Ra'mah and &eoer'oth, and Np
Irn 10,'IA
Miz'peho and Che.phi'sahd and Mo'zah, P7 and *,IM IT
0.
1
::4
Re'kem and Irlpe.el and Tar'a41ah,Y 8 and Z e ' l ~ h ,d-lg.,.r
~/: 202:25
Ha-e'leph and Je.bu'si,"+ that is to say, Jerusa- :T:;?:4i
lem,O Gib'e.ahw and Kir'i.ath; fo~rteencities
I
:&TI,
and their settlements.
This was the inheritan& of the arnr of Benjamin by their families."
*Jon IX'G
kGe 4 l :i
Then the second lot' came out for Strn'e- 1 C r 40 'i
'os 22:4
on,O far the tribe of the sons of Sim'e-onk '-J~~
'
L J : ~
I
by their families. And their inheritances came ' ~ j d $ , ! : ~ ~
t o be in the midst of the inheritance of the sons <$:i;B/';
of Judah."l And they came t o h w e in their L;$;fAl:z3
inheritance Be'er-she'baon with S h e ' b ~ , ~and
r f.~zs~;;m
I
Mo.la'dah,s and Ha'm-shufalLand Ba'lah and ll.~lls I5:2e
E'zem,~ and El.torladv and Be'thul m d Hor'- ::/:,"::.$
I
mall,
Zik'Iage and Beth-m~r'ca.both and E:z:':
I

19

LiterslIy, "the JebFn.site,f'31; 'LJe%~tsPLXXSgTrg. LSa.ma.at,

I,X4T; that is to say, ''She'ma.q'
a

JOSHUA 19 :6 1 6

'731

730

H.a.'zar-~~~sah,~
md Beth-le.baJooth' and Sharu'hen; thirteen cities7 and their settlements.
A'in,~Rim'monmand EptRePand A'shan;~four
E J 15:B
~ ~ cities and their settlements, 8 and all the settle29 0s 1242
J , , ~ I : I ~ ments that were all around these cities as far
as Bafa3.ath-be'er," Rn'mahG of the south." This
was the inhgitatlce of the tribe of the sons of
$:&a%h;,
SimPe.onby their families. The inheritance o f
t h e sons of Slrnre+onwas out of the allotment of
the sons of Judah, becnuse the share of the sons
of Judah proved to be too large for them. So
the sons of Sh'e-on got a possession in the
+Jg1:3
rniw of their inheritance.'
10 Next the tllit-dlotmcameupfarthesons
*
of
2eb'u.IunS"by their fmilies, and the boundOJm
*Ge 4!
9a
'
: ~ ~
ne 3 3 : ~ ary of their inheritance came t o be as far as
Sarrid. And their boundary went up wwt~vard
also to Mrtr'a-a1 and reached to Dab'be.she%h
and reached to the torrent valley that is in
#JoslZ:aa front of Jolcpne.arn,' I P And it went baclc from
OJg
Sarrid eastward toward the rlslng of the sune
to the border of Chislloth-ta'bork and went out
kJg
PS 8952
C:6
to
Dabpe.rathl and went up to Ja.phl'a. And
lfg%$Pfrom
there it passed over eastward toward the
rma14:as
sunrise t o Gath-he'pher,n to Eth-ka'zin, and
went out to RLmk~monand was marked out to
Ne'ahb I* And the boundary went around it on
the north to HanPna.thon, and its termination
proved ta be at the valley af Iph'tah.el, l5 and
Katrtath and Na-hal'al and Shlm'rona and I'da"izg&
'*g'8
lah and Beth'le.hern;t twelve cftfes and their
settlements. 'This was the inheritance of the
sons of Zeb'u.lun by their families. These were
the cities and thelr settlements,
*JOS 1531
via
4:31

Josw:32
N p 1:s
Y I C 4~3 2
l i e n5-3

'$

OT, .,"the hsegreb!I

b Literally,

rlrbicb m u marked opt 10 Ndlh."

JOSHUA
17 It was for Is'sa.chwv t h a t the fourth lot

733
YDeaR18

came out, for the sons of htsa.chaP by their ;J,O?F!,

farnilfes. laAnd their boundary came to be t o g,,~zyl
Jezh.ely and Che.sulloth 'and Shutnem,a lQ and zrcr n:zn
110 1.4
Haph'a.ra'im and Shi'on and An.a.hatrath, md z~s,
2S:4

:::[
.+7:>2;zm

Rab'bith and KLh'i.on and E'bez. and Remeth

ijY7
and En-gan'nirn* and En-had'dah and Bethpaz'zez. =: And the boundary reached to Ta'boro,;:,r;:g
and Sha.ha.m'mah and Beth-she'rnesh, and the JC~.~(;.Y
termination of their border proved to be at the
Jordan; sixteen cities and their settlements.
2a This was the hheritance of the tribe of the
sons of Isrsa.charby their families, t h e cities
b AC IT:%
and their settlements."
24 Then the fifth lot' came out for the tribe *Y&afdBs5
4n:b
of the sons of Ash'er* by their families. And "GP
1 3 3.'1:2-1
~
their boundary came to be Hel'kath-and
Ha'li I + ~ 2:ac;
I
and Ee'ten and Ach'shaph," a
m
a
n
dAblam'rne- ':?:,?:?2
lech and A'mad and Mirshal.* And it reached ':f:::
westward to Car'melk and t o Shi'llor-lib'nath, *+!!,%:$:
p7 and it went back toward t h e rising of the sun
k;h;$
l;Q
t o Beth-datgan and reached t o Zeb'u-lunl and
~
!
;
;
:
;
F
;
the valley of Iph'tah-el to the north, t o Beth- J r r 4r;:rS
e'mek and Ne.itel, and it Went out to Ca'bul fizy:':s
on the left, and to E'bron and Rethob and !$:q$,?i\o
Hm'rnon and Ka'nah as far as Great Si'd0n.r <y,j4iR
And the boundary went back to Ra'mah and $
as far as the fortified city of
And the ,$<C,ZljT,
boundary went back to Horsah,and its termlna- ;: :;$;
tion came to be at the sea in the regIon of ,e;!JrT
Achrzib,=c and Urn'mah and A'pheku and
R e ' h ~ b ;twenty-hno
~
citim and their settle-j vJrqs
'
L
21.31
ments. E t T h iwas
~ the inheritance of the trlbiej ICh 6:ie

$,'::,

"In the region ~f Ach'zib," 31. Possibly to be read, "nnd te

Me.helleb and AchPzib.'' LLKX reads, "and A.p.leb' and Ech.o.eob'."

~Desa:a4

Jon 18:o

JOSHUA 19:3-6

of the song of Ash'ery by their f d e s . These

were the cities and their settlemnts.
32 It was for the eons of Naphrta.li* that the
sixth lot* came out, for the sons of Naph'ta.Li by

their families. And their boundary came to; be

from He'leph, from the big tree in &.a-nansaK4:fl
nim,DandAd'a.mi-ne'kebandJabrne.elasfaras
Lak'kum; and its termination came t o be at the
Jordan. "And the boundary went back w a t 3393 wardh to Az'noth-ta'lmr and wen t out from there
OJoa l"la to Huk'kok and reached to Zeb'u.lun0 on the
'Jm 1994 south,and t o AshW it reached on the west and
t o Judahm a t the Jordan toward the rising of
'!$:!;3
t h e s ~ nAnd
. ~ thefortifiedcitieswereZid'dh,
~ ~
'Jon21
ICII Z.!jJ
32
Zer
and
Hamtmnth,*
Rak'kath and Chin'nem13p
JOI 3:
11:2
1:
Jna 12:3 reth,' '"and
Ad'a.mah and Rafmah and Hatzor,*
.Tos 13 ?7
37 and Ketdeshl( and E8're.i and En-ha'zor,
and
h l r 6.53
I,u Pi:]
Ylfron m d Mjg'dal-el, Ba'rem and Beth-a'nath
11
arlnll:lD
J"q
12:ig and Beth-sherrnesh;l nineteen cities and their
settlements. " T h i s was the inheritance of the
,T:;g;:
tdbe of the sons of Naph'ta-Un by their families,
kc;;n2;a
I
I : the cities and their settlements.
nC,u 4!1 21
40 f t was for the tribe of the sons of Dan by
their
families that the seventh Jotr came out.
:ij$s
~ ~ ~ ~ , And
? I othe border of their inheritance came to
Np 11.23 be Zo'rahfl and Esh"a.01 and Ir-she'mesh, 4z and
t,r , 1:M
I ~4 I:% Sha.d.ab'bint and Aitja.lonu and Ith'lah, 4 9 and
nJos 1 0 12
Jnr 2! 24 E'lon and Tirn'nahv and Ek'ron,Y '"and EIrte.keh
vJrra 1 >,LO
and Gib'lbe.thon2 and Ba'al.ath," and Je'hudb
J, 1 . t : ~
and Gath-rim'mon;
and
~ j ; ~ :and
~ ~ Ben'e-be'rak
$~i$~
clKLP'lH
Me-jar'kon
and
Rak'kon,
with
the
border
in
t50K1!>
4

.,,,

45

LX-\; omit# "to Jndah at" and rends : "rind Ash'er will join it
on tllc w ~ f rand
,
tllc Jordnn torrard the rising of the sun. But
RozrCigalri hm propo~rdthat there be a slight correction in the Hebrcw text SO thnt, instend of "and to Sudn h a t the Jordan", it mill
read : "and hg rhc hank^ aP the Jordan." Compare Joshua 3 :15 for
the use of thin ~xproehion. Or, "Jn'zw," L.LT(B), L'A'zor.''
4

JOSHUA 19:47-20:4

front of J~p'pa.~
" And the territory of the sons
of Dan0 was too cramped for them.. And the
m n s of Dan proceeded to go up and war against ;
: I:bHy: ~
TR'sh~rn' and to capture it and strike It with the +JK
@
edge of t h e sword." Then they took possession J ~ f a : m
of it and went dwelling in it, and they began to
call Le'shem Dan, according to the name 01Dan
their forefather. 4 T h i s was the Inheritance of
the tribe of the sons of Danu by their farnilles. "pe;"J:g
These were the cities and their settleme~~ts.'
49 Thus they finished dividing t h e land for R yt;$;;
I
possession by its territories. Then the sons of
Israel gave an inheritance to Joshua the son of
Nun fn their midst. At the order of Jehovah" w s a 3
they gave him the city for which he askd,
namely, llmtnath-se'rahp in the mrmn tainous QJ"r&!m
region of Efphra-im,and he began to huiEd up
tho city and dwell in it.
51 These were the inheritances that E.1e.a'.
zarO the priest and Joshua the son of Nun and 3Jof122:15
the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the
sons of Israel distributedAas a possession by lot '%sp,'A7
)
~:2 ~
in Shi'lohQbb f o r e Jehovah, at the entrance of BGJosJ 21
Iti:l
the tent of meeting. So they left ofl from appor$PS
;,?75:fil)
tioning the land.
Jcr 7::2
Thm Jehovah spoke to Joshua, saying:
"'Speak to the sons of Israel, saying,
'Give for yourselves t h e cities of refuge* of
3u3;63
which I spoke t o you by means of Moses, for 4
nr! ~I:.LI
(
the rnansIayeP who fatally strikes a soulb nun- te;U${t
,,,
IntentionallP without howin@ it t o flee there,
and they must serve YOU as a refuge from the
avengerCof blood.@" And he must flee to one of
",&

/,

20

ezt;14

LihnUy, "And the territoy of the sonn of Dan weat on out (got
arny, or, was lost) fmrn them."' SOU^." Mt v~rpk'pnf~;I,=,
ps!ychP'; Vg, atni.ma. * Or, "the gopel."

JOSHUA 20: %9

735

734

@Jg4;5
mus
Y
!4
Nu 35:W
aHeb 223
Heb 8:2s

uw
19s
Jas D:32

these cities and stand at the entrance of the

gate* of the city and speak his ~vordsin the
hearing of the older men of thakdty, and they
must receive him into the city to themselves
and give him a place and be must dweIl with
them. %d in case the avengera of blood chases
after him,' then they should not surrender the
manslayer into his hand, for I t was without
knowing it that he s t ~ ~ t 111s
c k Pdlo~v~
man fatally and he was not h ~ t l n ghim formerly, And
he must dwell in that city until his standing before the assembly for judgment,@yuntil the
death of the high primtl'; who happens to be
in those days. IS is then that the manslayer may
return and he must enter into his city and into
his house, into the city from which he had

fled.,
7 Ac~oxdlTLglythey Rave a sacred stahts to
7 : Ketdeshcoin Gsl'i.leed in the mountalnauec region
of Napl~'ta.li,Oand She'chemm+in t h e mountaingiz;
Kir'i-ath-ar'ba,"
@J",
",";1":;4 ous region of E'phradm, ~and
OJOS 2i:ri that is to say. W e ' b r ~ n ,in
the mountainous recu1:39
gionof~udah."~AndintheregionoftheJordan, at der'i.cho, toward the east they gave Be',
& 1:43
'zeruin the wilderness on the tableland out of
;
$
,
g
;
F
~
0 2138
3
the tribe of RReben, and Ra'moth' in GiI'e.adn
the tribe of Gad,o and Go'lana in Ea'slhan
:im
~ 4.13
~ y out
$ aof
ant
of the tribe of Ma.naslseh.
1Ki 22:3
zKlB:B
9 These became the cities appointed for all
1Ch 6:SO
nDe 4:45
t
h
e
sons of 19rael and far the temporary miaos 21.27
1ch6:n dent who resides for a while in thek midst, for
anyone to flee there who fatally strikes a
-w,
- - - -75-m
- .-1Ch S:T6
*Ge 3 3 : ~

$'

Or, "the gorel." b Ete~aIly,Itthe grmt piicst," ?it; an.cefdos mmq8Tg. Or, Itthey sanctified Kc'dcah." d Or, "the mne; circuit."'
LAX, E~li.Eai'a; Vg, Ga.lhalrrrta;31, GnJil'; illat is, the -on
later
was,

called Gal5-lee.

JOSHUA 21 :1-7

737

736

soulm unintentionally, that he may not die by

the hand of the avengerb of blood until his
NU ~S+IS
st anding before the as~embly.~
Nu Zii2.1
T h e headso of the fathers of the Leviteso;?:.::
;;
now approached E.le.arzar*the prist and,+g;$,;';:'
Joshuae the son of Nun and the heads of the
fathers of the Hbes of the sons of Israel, and 2;y;;:
they proceded to speak to them in Shi'lohO'in
the land of Ca'naan, saying: "Jehovah" by - 1 s n r . w
means of Moses commanded citis t o be given
us in which to dwell, toget her with thek pasture
grounds for our domestic animals."* So the
sons of IsraeI gave the LRvites; at the order of '$,,Pjf,
Jehovah, these cities and their pasture grounds
DNU xi:n
out of their inheritance.O
4 Then the lot came out for the families of
the Ko'hath-ites," and thirteen cities came t o be- %L$P;+l
long t o the sons of Aaron the priest, of the NU 10:21
Levites, by lot, out of the tribe of Judahoband :$f$i%:l
'
out of the tribe of the Sim'e.on.ites* and out of ~{&~;;:,
~ J 1:2t
K
the tribe of Benjamin.@Jns1 R : l l
5 And for the sons of Ko'hath" t h a t were left
out there were by lot ten cities out of the families of the tribec of Ephra.imS and out of the *J0816:8
tribe of Dan' and out of the half tribe of Ma(
AGC 46:U
nas'se h . O
Ex 6:17
16 And for the sons of Ger'shonAthere were N U 3:21
kt2
by lot thirteen cities out of the families of the ds11'11
nu 19.11
tribec of k'sa.charGkd out of the tribe of ?i::,:,3?2,
Ashper+and out of the tribe of Naph'ta.JP and C,';;,li$7,,
0%2 1 : ~
out of t h e half tribe of Ma-nas'seh in Ba'shan."' cf
*:os 13:29
7 For the sons of Me-rar'iuby their families w \ s . r n
Vit 3,211
there were twelve cities out of the b i b e of Red-

21

z$

*z,$;g

iFB:F:p

"SouF." Bf, w@pl'eak; LXX, psy.cJ&P'; Vg, a'ni.rna. bar, '%he

~ " O n tof t h e amiliaof t I ~ etribe," 35; "out of the tribe,"
IdzTsyvg.
a

p'et."'

JOSHUA' 21:&I8

*b~m13:15
Won 13:2~1.
c:.lk. 1:m
tribe

ben* and out of the tribe of Gadnand out of the

af Z e b ' ~ . l u n . ~ ~
kJslr,s ie:ia
8 Thus t h e sons of Israel gave the Uvites
'XU w54 thesecities and their pasture grounds by1ot;'just
JOEf8:6
Pr 1G:33
rixu x\:? as Jehovah had commanded by means of Moses.'
9 So QUE of the tribe of the sons of Jud&
and out of the tribe of the sons of Simle.onthey
'leh 6!65 gave these cities that were called by name,'
@Jg#I:%

*Jm 2l:a
*Ge a7:2
GC

xi:n

Jos 15:13

.TR I:1R
;S""l";"d"

WE&
i:n
? S u 15:7

1CII G:55
on ZU 17

A,l

lAL! 1139

~ J 122
Y

bJo%1.1:14
I V h 6:W
*.lnfi 20:7
,lt7Il C:.!7

l o and they came to belong to the sons of Aarona

out of the families of the Korhath.ites of the

sons of Le'vi, hecause the fmt lot became

theirs.'
they gave them Mir'i.ath-ma'
(snid Ar'ba heingn the father of A'nak),z that
is to m y , He'bron,03 in the mountainous regionA
of Judah, and its pasture ground all around it;
l' and the field of the city and its settlements
they gave t o Ca'lebn the son of Je0phtmtnehas

his p~ssession.~
13 And to the sons of Aaron the priest they
O N L l :35:(i
nl.In# 15:6C gave the city of refuge' for the man~layer,~
*,Tm I0:2R namely, He%mn,' and its pasture ground, also
J O r r 15:.12
Is~I.37:s
Libhah' and its pasture ground, '+and Jat'tii
*.To! [5:,lfl
1.Sn 30:R and its pasture ground, and l%h.te.morakand its
1 Jns '15:Bl pasture ground, %
l and
Ho'lonl)l and its pasture
I C h G:YM
ground, m d De'bir" and its paqture ground, laand
nJos 12,1;;
Jna~,h..~.
rJna 3:i:i:.12 Arincrand its pasture ground, and Jut'tahB and
1 l'h Ci:5!1
bJ0s 15:!iS ib pasture ground, Beth-she'mesht and its pastJos
ture ground; nine cities out of these two tribes.
lS:1 (i:?
3Ch D:59
17 And out of the tribe of Benjamin, GibreIlJ#M k.1
Jr.5 1 P : B onU and its pasture mound, WbaVand its pasv.Ftm lS:P4
ICh G : l 3 Ewe ground, "RAn'a.thothY and its pasture
yll<E 2::'fi
I s n 10:30 ground, and Al'mond" and its pasture gmund;
Jrhr 1.11
6:t;ll four cities.
a Sca

.Toahan f 6 : 13, 'ootnoe~.btrHilen," 3 1 Chronicles 0 : 58.

at Joshun IS t 42; 10 : 7; 1 Chmniclea 6 : 59. d "Alf+

* laA'ahnn,"

m~tl~,''a t

1 Chronicles

6 : 00.

JOSHUA 21:19-29

738

19 All the dties of the sons of Aaron, the

prlests, were thirteen cities and their pasture
grot~nds.
20 And for t h e families of the sons of Kothath, the Levites who were left out of the sans
of Ko'hath,* there came to be by their lot citles 'lch6:ss
out .of the tribe af Efphra.jm.@? I Aecal-dingly 5Jg1:24
they gave them the city of refuge for the manslayer, namely, She'che~n,~'and its pasture z&FG2
ground in the m o u n t a o u s region of Euphra-im, ?2;:7
and GelzePand its pasture ground, #: and Kib'za.irnntand its pasture ground, and Beth-ho'ron' IKI ;gf
9:15
1Ch 6:67
and its pasture ground; four cities,
4lCh S:BB
23 And from the tribe of Dan, El'te.kes and ';",5,:&,i.,
l t pasture
~
ground, Gib'bebthonm
and Its pasture +Jos19:44
ground, :'Ajrja.Jon" and its pasture ground, :$:' 1
'2;:
Gat h-rim'monF and its pasture ground; four $i,12::,
2m =:18
cities.
19:#
25 And from the half tribe of Masaa'seh, nJas
i c h 6:sg
Tak.nachlc and its pasture ground, and Gathrfrnkmon and its pasture ground; two cities.
26 All the cities together with their pasture
grounds that the fajmilies of the sons sfKo'hath
who were left out had were ten.
27 And for the sons of Geflshon,n of the nTOPI":9
fnrnilles of the Lwites, there was out of the
half tribe of Ma.nas'sehr t h e city of refuge for r30819:29
the manslayer, namely, Go'lan,fl in Ba'shan, and sJ0'm:8
its pasture ground, and Be.esh'te.rahhLand its t1c":71
p~stureground; two cities.
28 h d out of the hibe of Zs'sa.char,u Ki%hi- :%
onv and its pasture ground, Dab'e.rathY and its Y-$C i?g2
pasture mound, ** Jar'rnu thcZand its pasture E$;igi:l

At;

kJ"P5:iz'1

lddok'me,am,"'at 1 C b n i c l e ~6 : 0% b "Anh'ta.roth," at 1 Chwniole8 t3 : "7. ''Re'meth," at Joshua 10 : 21; "Ra'n~ath,"at 1 Chronialp! a : 73,

ground, En-gan'n2m' and its pasture ground;

four cities.
30 And out of the tribe of Ashfer,'DMi'shalA
$
2
bra1 O:T1l and Its pasture ground, Abtdono and its pasture
+Joa iQ:29 ground, Hel'kath' and its pasture ground, and
"On
J K 1'"=
: ~ Re'hobm and its pasture ground; four cities.
32 h d out of the tribe of Naph'ta.]!," the city
k+7{33JQ..Pf of refuge for the manslayer, namely, Ke'deshk
Jrta 2n 7
I(-a w n in GaI'i.lee,a and its pasture wound, and RamFlea

and its pasture-ground, and Kar'tanbn

and its pasture ground; three cities.
33 All the cities d the Gertshon.ites by thelr
families were thirteen cities ~ n their
d
pasture
grounds.
34 And the families of the sons of Me.rar'i,s
the JRvites who were left out, had out of the
tribe of Zebtu.lunt Jok'ne.amu and Ets pasture
\JJ"&\$g
Jan Is:1! ground, Kar'tah and its pasture pound,
Dim1nahcv and its pasture ground, Na'ha.ln1y and its
V$B, i:!y
Y J E 1 : ~ pasture gmund; four cities,
$gfi:i1536 And out of the tribe of Reu'ben," Be'zer*
and its pasture ground, and Ja'hazO and its pascxll21 2.1 ture ground, a7Ked'e.moth4 and ils pasture
JoS j8-18
finl*2 x ground, and MephTa.ath"and its pasture ground;
Jos ! 3 18
it I ch fi78 four citiesd
" Or "tho aons; circuit.'f 3,Gm.&df; L X X , Gn.ki.ldCla;VE,Ra.li.laetn.
~ ~ ~ h mot
' ~h-der
: ~

See iwjhun 20 : 7, footnoted. b "Ki~*.i.a.tl~n"iln,"

at I Ci~roniolcsR : 76.
"Rial'mo,ao," at X Chronicles 6 : 77. d Vcrne~RR 37 nrv not found
irr tho Leniugrnd Hebrew manuscript No. B l n < of 1008 (A.D.),
rrllich i~t l ~ ccllrlpat dnted mannscript of the conqllete Hel)rew Bible,
nor i n tho Cnim Hebrew manuscript of tbe Propheb, dating Erom
A.D. 895, nor in t l ~ rBotnbec edition o f the R~haervScli tnwq by
Jamb hen ~ h s y i m ,A.D. 152V5, nor in the ~nrplrm ( R g n r i i a n
edition, 1812/3). Beeanse versm 35 rnd 37 h w c n I~o~norotrlenton,
both cntling with the aame mrds "four Citie~''~
some H P ~ W X
serihe
nfbr having writtrla verse 35 inadvertently looked nt "Four cities"
nt Iho onrl of VBPFIP 37 and, thinkng ha liad flniulred writing thxt
vcme, begnn ta write next verse 38. [ g e e butturn of nczd page,]
0

JOSHUA 21 :3-

740

741

38 And out of the tribe of GadJ0the city of @J0&13:=

refuge for t h e manslayer, namely, Ra'moth' in
Gil'e.ad,O and its pasture ground, and Ma.ha- :g42;9
h:8
na'irn' and its pasture ground, a D Heshtbonxand Jos
1 K I 4:13
i m:3
its pasture ground, Ja'zerr" and its pasture m
1Ch 6:XO
ground; all the cities being four.
9Ge 32:2
2 ' 0 2.8
40 All the cities that came to belong to the 2~a17:24
sons of Me.rar'i by their families, who were r & ~ $
left outLfromthe families of the Levites, were, ,7,3:%!$?
1ch &XI
as their lot, twelve cities.
*Nu 32:l
41 All the cities of t h e Levites* in the midst $,",s:$: l5
of t h e possession of the sons of Israel were ,g%.32
forty-eight cities together with their pasture ;g$;;o
grounds. 4 z These cities came t o be each a city
together with its pasture ground all around
ENU 35;2
it-thus as to all these cities."
A G e 12:7
43 So Jehovah gave Israel all the land that
!ziiz
he had sworn to give t o their forefathers," and Ge26:3
Ge 25:4
they proceeded to take possession of it and t o g &:m
dwell in it, 44 Furthermore, Jehovah gave them PS443
restQalE around, according t o everything that
&:23
he had sworn to their forefathers, and not one $,"zii$
of all their enemies0stood before them. All their 3Jos *3:1
z4:7
enemies JehovahE]gave into thefr hand.' 45 Not OJOS
-De724
a promise failed out of all the good promise that De 31:3
Jehovah had made to t h e house of Israel; it all x?t2&14

z:

:'

came true."

l K i 8:56

Isa 49:7

[ConCmusd frowt bottom of prscious page] Thereby he omitted

completely rewes 38, 37. Eenoe KittelJs B~bIdaHsbrulca m~tains
the Terses in smaller type we an insertion. But L X X and Vg contain the vases in varying form, and S y names four cities from
Reu'ben'a tribe after verse 34. The four cities of verses 36, 37
mmt be included (inserted from L Chronicles 6 : 63, 73, 79) in
order to make a total of 12 cities f o r the sous o f Ne-rar'i, as staked
at verse 40. The 1928 Hebrew edition by C. D. Ginsburg contains
the two verses in the regular type, and aU the oarky printed Hebrew
Bibles prior to the Bomberg edition likeffise contained the t x o ve1-ses.

JOSHUA 22:1 - 4

that
Joshua proceeded to call
Rm'ben.ites and
Gad'ites and
22 Atthetribe
Ma.nas'seho" Band to
the

~ ~

+De28:8

Jos 13:8
aJg s:23
eDe 6:6

OaKl 10:31
*Ex a0:6
De 11:1
*De 10:l2
'De 11:22
De 13:4
Elsa 9:6

the
the half
of
say to
them: "'For YOUR part YOU have k e ~ tall that
Moses the servant of Jehovah commanded YOU*
and aow were obediento to my voice in all that
I have commanded
a You have not abandoned YOUR brothers these many days down to
this day, and YOU have kept the obligation of
the mmmandmen.to of Jehovahg YOUR God.&
And now Jehovah YOUR God has given YOUR
brothem" rest, just as he promised them.$ So
now turn and go YOUR way to YOUR tents in the
land of YOUR possessionjOwhich Moses the servant of Jehovah gave YOU on the other side of
the Jordan.'" =OnIy be very careful t o carry
out the commandment* and the law that Moses
the servant of Jehovah commanded YOU by Ioving Jehovah u r n God" and by walking in all his
waysmuand by keeping his commandments' and
by cleaving t o himn and by servingAhim with
a11 YOUR heart0 and with all YOUIT soul."+
6 With that JoshuaGblessed thema and sent
them away that they might go to their tents.&
And to the half tribe of Ma.nas%ehMoses had
made a gift in Ba'shanjo*and to the other half
of it Joshua made a gift with their brothers on
the side of the Jordan to the west.# So, too,
when Joshua sent them away to their tents,&
he proceeded to bless them. a And he went on to
say to them: "Return t o YOUR tentsAwith many
riches and with very much livestock, with silver
and golda and copper and irona and garmentso
in very great quantity. Take YOUR share with
YOUR brothers of t h e spoil' of YOUR enemies.''
lea;' XXX.

JOSHUA 22:9-16

743

142

9 After that the sons of Reu'bena and the OJE 3 3 5

sons of Gad and the half tribe of Ma.nas'seh returned and went away from t h e other sons of
Israel, from Shi'Iohl0 which is in the land of
Ca'naan, SO as to go to the land of Gil'e.a$o= ~ ~ u $ ~ ~ l
to t h e land of their possession in which they Es?;sz5
had been settled at the order of Jehovah by
means of Moses? l0l;irhen they came to the AE;g,33
regions of t h e Jordan that were in the land of,
Ca'naan, then the sons of Rerr'ben and the sons;
of Gad and the half tribe of Manas'seh built
there an altar" by the Jordan, an altart great :JEP,g?!$a-I
in conspicuousness. Later on the other sons of
Israel heard it*said: "Look! the sons of ReuWn *h17:8
and the sons of Gad and the half tribe of Manas'seh have builto an altar on the frontier of m J ~ ~ : 1 3
the land of Cafnaan in the regions of the Jordan
on the side belonging t o the sons of Israel."
*=Whenthe sons of Israel got t o hear d it, the e$;g::g
whole assemblyc of the sons of Israelawere then
called together at Shi'loh" to go up for military ; ;+ ;:;i?i
service against them.
I ~ I 4L 3
1314
13 Then the sons of Israel sent* t o the sons &Dr
J r' m:12
of Reu'ben and the sons of Gad and the half 'k:%;f.$
trlbe of Ma-nas'seh in the land of Gil'e-ad Phin'- <
;
e.has' the son of E.le.a%rzar"
the priest:
and
ten chieftains with him, one chieftain of each
paternal housemof all the tribes of Israel, and wg
they were each a head of the house of their fathers of the thousands of IsraeI." '% time they
?;?=
came to the suns of R e u M and the sons of
Gad and the half tribe of Ma-nas'seh in the land
of GiE1e.ad m d began to speak with them,' AMt'B:lT

$;i.zo

aE

saying:
I6 'mis what all the assembly of Jehovah
have said, 'What is this act of unfaithfulness

JOSHUA 22:17-22

that YOU have perpetrated against t h e God of

'm
NU m
14:aa
8
DPT:,I
Israel in turning' back today from following
nc 30:17
~ L ];.:a
F
Jehovah by YOUR building for yourselves an
DO 12:5
altar, that YOU may rebele today against JehoIsn
I)!: 7c FI
ISn 3.13 vah? I : Was t h e iniquityCof Pekor' too small fox
us, from which we have not cleansed ourselves
!
C;cqs 2":"
down to this day, although the plagueQcame to
*xua:9
b~?.~pontheassemblyofJlehovah?"~hknduouYOU would turn back today from folla~ing
and it must occur that should you
* ~ ~ $ ;Jehovah;"
x r
c K s r ~ l . t for YOU^ part rebel t d a y against Jehovah,"
then tornorrow it will be against the entire asscmbly of Israel that he will he indignant.*
KOWif it is indeed that the land of YOUR pmfoq;.l
1ch 21:14
t t e I? _H.rj
sesaion
is unclean,' make YOUR way across to
Am r :17
@Ja1 1 . 3 ~ the land of Jehovah"* possession where the
tnbemaclec of Jehovah has tented,' and get
150 1,"
settled
in our midst;" and against Jehovah do
a2c.11 11.18
not YOU rebel and do not make us the ones t o
rebel by YOUR building for yourselves an altar
#
:1 ~ 4,:!;.s2
%;1 11, addition t o the alhr of Jehovah0 our God."
Was lt not A'chan" the son of Ze'rah that perbJ un r .I
petrated an act of unfafthfulness in the thing
devoted to destmetion, and was it nut against
'x1127:"11
Jnss 7 2 4
the assembly of Israel that there came inJc1.7:z5
djgnalion?'AndhewasnottheonlymantoexU'r l r , l
I'r 1&"13 pjre in his iniqufty.' "a].:* 1 ~ : 2 1
11:. 3.1.1
21 At this the sons of Reu'ben and the sons
I;u G 3
nc 10.17 of Gad and the hdf trlbe of 1da.ns'seh anP, p'4.1a
swerecl: and spoke with the heads of the thou>lsa 2:3
' l l i l h 38
sands of Israel :* 2 2 "Divine One, God," Jehovah,
,
Divine One, God, Jehovah,a+ he is bowing,'
5

'dU

;:!",;T

Or, "The Qod of ~ d s J~homh,

,
the God of gods, Jehorah." L i h filly, EI El.o.bid Y6Ero.wak', El Et.o.kiaf Fphatmhf, 31, with the
ctividina stmke (Fa.se'L-') between each of the mrds. This expresbion Ei EI.o.himf F'JAQ-tcah'bbrurs once ($88 bottom of next pnge.]

JOSHUA 22 :2&28

JOSHUA 22: 29--34

and Israel, he too wiI1 know.e If It i In rebel- agE7$

lion* and if it is in unfaithfulmess against Jeho- "1s. I*:=
o b 315
vah,' do not save us this day. 23 Ifa it tvns to ' JP#7:3
build for ourselves an altar so as t o hrrn back
from follorving Jehovah and if it was t o offer
up burnt offerings and grab offerings-n
it *Jala:lD
nild ff It was to render up communion2 sacri- o J U m : a
aces on it, Jehovah himself will search out;" $%
!:?*;
m if it mas not rather out of anxious care Ear I'M4,1:21
something else that we did this, saying, 'In a
future day YOUR sons will say to OUT S O ~ S :akig;64
~
"\;C7hatdo YOU have to do with Jehovah')the God
of Israel? 25 And there is a boundary' that J e h s "Jp":lg
vah has put betrveen us and you, the sons of
Reu'ben md the sons of Gad, namely, the Jordan. You have no share in Jehovah."'"A n d YOUR,'2:;&
sons will certainly make our sons desist Prom Np 2 m
fearing Jehovah."
01Sn
~ K 3319
12.27
I
1":LG
26 "Hence we said, 'Let us take actlon .Inour
behalf, please, by building the altar, not for
burnt offering nor for sacrifice, "'but that It
may be a witness: between us' and YOU and our ?$fl$$,2
generations after us that we shall render the :;;;;;;T
s~ivice%f Jehovah before him with our burnt 3 1 1 ~ 112:1
offerings and our sacrsces and our communion
offerings,&that YOUR sans m a y not say in a fu- E
':
ture day to our sons: "You have no share in D @ u : n
Jehovah." ' SO w e said, 'And it must occur

[Co~tiil~iddfrom
bottom of ~ P T ~ U pagr]
U R
at Psnlm 50: 1. Vgrende :
For.tisPsi.mzts De'zss Do'nai+plrrs, F o p , t i n ' ~ i . ? t i ~ ~ D
p P'~R
UO'~~~~.APIS

rho Moat 3Lighty God Lard, The Most 3fighty Uod h r i l " The
kiit
wold ( E l ) of the Hebrew exprsaion ac
r ~ n i i e i - ~"birinc
d
O ~ P " It
, mny nlso be rendered 'Gail'', or, "Mighty Onc,"
llnrp

([And if," LXTVg; "if'?is ruiasing from Y.b Or, "Whnt da or*
llnvc in oommon with Jehow h 7'' I~itri*nllp,T i h n t ( i~thew) t o
YOU nnd to JehorahB'! See J I I ~ ~
11:
P 12;
S 2 8ntna1~110: 10; John
2 : 4, ctc., for similar instances of thia cxpressiotl.

+ISa25:32
1Ch 29:X
Ide 8:6
D a 2:19
LU 2:25
Egh 1:3

that in case they should say that to us and to

our generationsain a future day, then we must
say: "See the representationCof Jehovah's altar
that our fathers made, not for burnt offering
nor for sacrifice, but it is R witness between us
and YOU.^" '"Ut is unthinkable on our part to
rebel of our own, accord against Jchovah and to
turn back today from following Jehovah by
building an alias for burntN offering, grain affering and sacrifice besides t h e dtar of Jehovah our God that is befare his tabernacle!"*
30 Now when Phin'c.has* the priest and t h e
chieftains of the assembly and the heads of the
thousands of Israel who were with him heard
the words that the sons of Reu'ben and the sons
of Gad' and the sons of Ma-nns'seh spoke, it
came to be good In their eyes," So Phinfe.has
the son of E.le.aPzarthe pricst snid to the sons
of Reu'ben nnd the sons of Gad ~ n the
d sons of
Ma.nastseh: "Todny we do know tl~ntJehovah is
in our midst,Ahecausc aov llflve not perpetrated
against Jehovah this act of unfaithfulness, Now
YOU have delivered7 the sons of Israel out of the
hand of Jehovah." With that Ph!ntc.hasthe
son of Ele.aPzarthe priest and the chieftains
returned from the sons of Rerr'hen and the sons
of Gad in the Iand of GiE'e.adto the land of Capnaan to the other sons of Israel and brought
back word to them.$ UJ And the word came t o be
good in the eyes of the sons of Israel, and the
sons of Israel proceeded to bless God* and they
did not talk of going up Par army servfce against
them to ruin the land in uihich the sons of Redben and the sons of Gad were dwelling,
34 And the sons of Reu'ben and the sons of

747
Gad began to name the altar," because "it is a ,los 2 4 : n
witnesse between us that Jehovahois the God".bh ,2339
And it came about many days after Jehovah had given Israd rest* from all their *J0s21:44
enemiese all around, when Joshua was old" and
g:j
advanced in years,c that Joshua proceeded t o , ,D,e,3&% I
call all I ~ r a e lits
, ~ older men and its beads w-d' 39","S\yF
its judges5 and its officers: and t o say to them:
"As for me, I have grown old, I have advanced
in years. SAnd as for mu, YOU have seen all
that Jehovah YOUR Gad did t o all these nationsoh
on YOUR a c ~ o u n t ,because
~
Jehovah Youa God gadpi13
was t h e one who was fighting for YOU.' See, I
+EXZX:;~
assigned to YOU by lotda these nations that re- J U S 10:14
main as an inheritance for YOUR tribes, and all gi:gu '
the nations that I cut o f f , from the Jordane "ps:tg
to the Great sea at the setting of the sun.' And
$
;:
Jehovah YOUR God was t h e one who kept pushing them away from before YOU* and he dispossessed them before you and YOU took posses!:ig
sion of their land, just as Jehovah YOUR God had JOS 13:6
VJU 3353
promised YOU.^
A 3 0 8 1:7
6 "And YOU must be very courageous t o keepA ,&?fA$13
and to do all that is written in the book0 of tIie g; &;;:
law of Moses by never turning away from it t o ;;;
I
the right or to the left,- by never going in +ne8:32
De 12:32
among these nations," these that remain with aEx 2333
YOU. And YOU rnwt not mention the names of .g$2$13
their god* nor swear by them,* neither must :if,2;?:

23

$3

"eS

,;:A

From the explanation given the altar vas likely named '4Titness1'.
of witness." "The Qod." 31,ha-E7.a.7&nP,
with the Hebrew definite artide ha before El.o.h;m'. LLT, ('their
(ho Ihe.oa' aa.tGnr). Compare Deuteronomy 4: 36, footnoted.
eLiterally, "rlays." *Literally, ''2 caused to fall to (for) ~orr."
L X X , "I amt upon YOU"; Vg, "he divided to YOU by lot." BLiterally, '(these nations that remain as an inheritance for YOUR tribes
from the Jordan, and all. the (other) nations that I cut of."

Sg here adds, "the d t a r

JOSHUA 23:S-16

YOU serve them nor bow down to them.' But

it is to Jehovah YOLYX God that YOU should
cJos22:s cleave,=just as YOU have done down to this day.
In33 LAnd Jehovah will drive away great and mighty
bJos 1:s
J O S I ~ : ~ nations
~
from before YOU." (As for YOU, not a
+Le 26:s
~e 32:30 man has stood before YOU down to this day.)
f s a3:31
~g
I Q : ~ lo Jst-.ax?e man of YOU will chase a thousand,'
&?f2Fg, because Jehovah YOUR God is the one who is
for YOU,@just as he has promised YOU.
g;
FiF fighting
DP 20:4
h
d
you
must be on constant guard' for YOUR
JOB 10.42
RC 8:31
souha
by
loving
Jehovah YOUR God.
"De 4:9
12 "But if YOU should turn back at all* and
*Ex 20:6
f:&',"iy YOU do cleave to what is left of these nationsFn
*;'p","2$jaasthese that remain with YOU, and YOU do form
go in among
&
:;nE.u
?%
; 34 16 marriage0 alliances with them and
YOU should pmithem
and
they
among
YOU/
De 7:3
I K ~ I I : ~tively h o w that Jehovah TOUR God will not
Ezr 9:1
y e 13 23 continue to drive out these nations from before
oag2:2
Y W , ~and they must become to YOU as a trap
OJg a:3
and as a snareg and as a scourge on YOUR flanks'
a3s
and as pricks in YOUR eyes until You have perg?j:64
Ps69:22 ished off this good ground that Jehovah YOUR
@ gg2&
~ God has given
14 "Now, look! I a m going today in the way
of all the earth,k and you well know with all
Hsb 8 : n YOUR hearts and with all POUR souls that not one
word out of all the goad words that Jehovah
YOUR God has spoken to YOU has failed. They
have all come true for You, Not one word of
l Jor 21:45 them kas failed,' l6 And it must occur that, just
as all the good word that Jehovah YOUR God has
;spoken to YOU has come upon YOU, so Jehovah
will bring upon YOU all the evil word until he
"E%g has annihilated YOU from 08this g o d ground
that Jehovah YOUR God has given YOU,' l 5 be'Or, 'lives," or, ''selves!' M, nepb'esl (plural); Sy, mph'sha.
*Ex m 5

kz:,9:&

'

JOSHUA 24:l-G

749

748

cause of YOUR overstepping the covenant of

Jehovah your? God that he commandedwYOU OJga:m
and because YOU have gone and served other
gods and bowed dorm t o them. And Jehovah's" OJp 1k7
angero will certainly blaze against powa and Zfi:4$fm
9:s
m u rviIl certainly perish0 in a hurry from off
t
sos
2333
the good land that he has given YOU."^
And Joshua proceeded to msemble all
the tribes of Israel together at She'chema* and t o call the older men of Israelnand *%
its heads and its judges and its officers, and they f; g4
;
went taking their standA before G0d.b a And
Joshua \vent an to say to all the people: "This JOS 2 3 : ~
is what Jehovah the God of IsraeI has said, 'It Ai:a~gj? 1,
I
was on the other side of the River@ that YOUR
210
forefathe* dwelt0 a Iong time ago, Te'rah t h e OJ
E 2elk26
father of Abraham and the father of Na'hor, gg:g3
+Ge 1z:l
and they used t o served other gods."
Ne 9:7
3 " 'In time I took YOUR forefather' A h a - Ae7:2
hamo Rom the other side of the RiverCand had g&21&aa38
him walk through all t h e land of Ca'naanc and :
:;i:&
,
~18:36
i
made his seedc many and gave him I ~ a a c o. ~
XGe 25%
' Then to Isaac I gave Jacob and E'sau"' and to slch 1 3 4
E'sau I gave Mount Se'ir to take possession of 'g: $8
it," and Jacobd and his sons went down to $k$,"4iy
Egypt.' Later on I sent Moses and Aaronn and P,sc p;4:23
I went plaguing0 Egypt with whatg I did in its
",&",i;;\7
midst,P and afterward I brought YOU out. ~ E X I I : ~
T h e n I was bringing YOUR fathers out of + E , B : ~
Egypt* and YOU came to t h e sea," then the 0y2c56i:

24

~?ig&

'
i
1

"Sherchem," JISyT7g; "Shi'loh? LXT.

11, ha-El.o.him';
L X X , ko Tke.03'; I%, Do'mi.nus. See Genmis 6 : 11, footnoteg, and
Exodus 16:19, footnoted. C That is, the Eu.phartes rirer. Or,
"rrorsllip." e "Gods." M, el.o.kim" hut in the plural sense, because
the adjective "other" modifying el.o.kigla' here is in the plural number. Or, '"offspring.'' g"Flrith xhat (thing~l)? L,XX(B);"with
the signs that," L X X ( A ) ; "just as," 31.
a

JOSHUA 24 :7-13

*E!.;gl,

Egyptians went chasinp after YOUR fathers

with war chariotsQand cavalrymeno t o the Red
GI& 1&IT
"J
19
ws 1:4
sea,'
And they began to cry out" t o 3ehovah.O
*Ac 7:36
Heb 1 1 : ~SO he placed a darkness between YOU and the
REX 14'10
EX li:20 Egyptiansk and brought the sea upon them and
covered them,' and YOUR eyes got t o see what I
F;$&2:4:34
5 did
in Egypt," and YOU took up dwelling in the
Dc 293
t ~ 1.16
g
wildernessG
many days,'
Ac 13:18
8 '' 'Eventually I brought YOU to the land of
"Jg':34
the Arn'or.iteso who were dwelling on the other
side of the Jordan and they. went t o fighting
against
At that I gave them into YOUR
C ~ , " ~ ~ ~ l
hand that YOU might take possession of their
land and I annihilated them from before mu.
nmuaz,z
CJg1:7
Then Barlak the son of Zip'por," the kingo of
O J g 3:12
Molab,Q got up and went t o fighting against
0Ne13:a
Israel. So he sent and summoned Ba'laarno the
son of Be'orqo call down eviI upon YOU. l o And
+XU22:12 I did not want to listen to Bar1aam.*Consequent. ~ I delivered
E$Uyi.2,4 ly he blessedwYOU r e p e a t e d l ~Thus
you out of his hand.
"egl; 11 " Then YOU went crossing the Jordan'
and came to Jefi.ch0.O And the landownersao
3&2":5
of Jer'i.cho, the Amtor.5tes and the Perfb.zites
bJg1!26
and the Ca'naan.ites and the RitJtitesoand the
Gir"ga.shites,the Hi'vites and the Jeb'u.sites began
fighting against YOU, but I gave them into
*$,"&16
PB 7 ~ 5 5 YOUR hand.. l a SO I sent the feeling of dejectionb
AC 7:45
.ac 1319 ahead of YOU* and it drove them out before
* ~ ~ ~YOU-boo
~ i m kings of the ArnPor.ites-not with
your
sword and not with your
l9 Thus I
:
vDe 6.10
gave
YOU
a
land
for
which
YOU
had
not
toiled
Jos 1213
O J 6:ze
~
and citiesPthat YOU had not built: and you took
a

"Landowners." N, bba.al.imnm';
L a j "inhnbitants."

See Exodus

23: 28, footnoteb, and Deuteronomy 7:20, the only other places
where this expression is used in the Hebrav text.

T
JOSHUA 24:2&29

751
up d w e h g in them. VineyardsQ and oliveb z:Z
groves that YOU did not plant are what YOU are
eating.'
1o:la
14 "And now fear+ Jehovah and serve him iY:,2i2'
with Integrity and in truthm and remove the WaJ. u1h~9.15
4:24
3522
godsuthat YOUR forefathers served on the other
side of the Rivera and in Egypt,' and serve "Ezcao:T
Jehovah. Now if it is bad in aouR eyes t o serve
Jehovah, choose for yourselves today whom
YOU will .serve,* whether the gods that YOUR '1K118:B1
forefathers who were on the other side of the
River" served3 or the gods of the Amtor-itesin tgg::iP,
whose land YOU are dwelling.' But is for me and ;<
;18;;,r19
my household,' weshall serve Jehovah."
16 A t this the people answered m d said: "It
39 unthinkable on ow pa12 to abandon Jehovah
so as to sertre ather g0ds.b I r For it L5 JehovahC OJp 1 1 9 4
our God who brought us and our fathers up out me, 19~4
of the land of Egypt," out of the house of daves, 2L3$;$
and who performed t h e e great signs3 before Q R E:17
our eyes* and who kept guarding us in: all the fg$4i:1
way in which we walked and among all the peo- DO 2 2 2
plea through the midst: of whom we passed.
I" And Jehovah proceeded to drive! out all the
peoples," even the Amror.ites, dwelling in the " J ~
land from before us. As for us, too, we shall
*EX i5:a
serve Jehovah, bemuse he is our God."'
19 Then Joshua said to the people: "You are
not able to seive Jehovah, for he is a holy God;cn '&'@,
he is a Gadd exactinge exclusive devotion to cnTj;

$F

4%

20

7ggg
345

Jehovah' and YOU do serve foreigne fiod~,~'

then
he will certainly h ~ mback and do Yaw injury
2ch 152 and exterminate YOU after he has done YOU
GJos 2336
~ I s a63:lO g00d.'"
Ac 7:42
~ 1 ~ b 1 0 : 3 8 21 5-1turn the people said ta Joshua: '"a,
but Jehovah we shall serve!""Q%t this Joshua
said t o the people: "You nre witnessma against
",%24:3
$g8
yourselves' that YOU of YOUR own accord have
De 5 : n
*De26.17 chosen Jehovah for yourselves, to serve
Job 15:6
L~ 19:m TO this they said: "We are witnesses."
23 "And now remove the foreign godsa that
'G e 3::2
,:,,,
are among you,* and Incline YOUR hearts to
+Jog 23.U

4~~~~

ple said to Joshua: '"ehovah our God we shall

s e m and to his voice we shall listen!'"
OJO" 2kn
25 And Joshuaoproceeded to condude et covenantd with the people on that d~yOand to constitute for them a regulationKand judidal ded:&&
~ J 8:31
K
sion" in She'chern.bo lU
Then Joshua wrote these
.Ex 24:s
c l s a ~ o :wor'ds
~
i
n
the booka of God's law' and took a
*Ex24:4
De31:24 great stonen and set it up there under the magsive tree" that is by the sanctuaryQaP Jehovah.
l ;;"g"9T:19
l
Lee
, 27 And Joshua went on to say to all the people: "Look! this stone Is what will serve as a
witness
against u s , O because it has ltseIf heard
og
all t h e sayings of Jehovah that he has spoken
+ m a 1 with us; and it must serve as a witness against
bfi309
YOU!that you may not deny YOUR (20d.j'~P B With
that Joshua scnt the people away, each one to
OJg 2:6
his inheritmcem0
29 And it came about that after these things
0~r2:z

+D"5:25

1
~

Thnt is, to the east of the En.phrn'tes river; ACW vemo 2, Poolnotea.
3, footnotee. r'C~d." M, El.o?hina'; althouah ~norlifled
hg the adjective in the plural nunlher, the accoinpnnying s i ~ ~ p ~ l a r
pleonoun 71t1 shows El.o.kinar is only the plurnl of ~ n n j t b ~ tnurl exo~liance bnt is dagoiar in sense. ISX, 11. Tltr.aa';
ilda.
d "God." 3f, El. See Joshna 22 : 22,footnotea. "Exacting." Thc Rebrew verb here i s in the infinitive absolute rind isindeflalte as to titnc.
b See verae

&,

;kFgp
him? He will not pardon YQWRtransgressiono
EX 3 4 : ~and YOUR sins.*
In case YOU should abandon

1
,

z-

Joshua the son of Nun, the servant0 of Jehovah,

'Toreign gocia" Bee G e n d a 36: 2, fabtnotec. ~'SShe'chem,"
MSyVg; "'Shi'loh," LXX. Or*"slsve!' KXX, dou'Foa.

JOSHUA 24 :3 6 3 3

752

came to die at the age of a hundred and ten ,

:
,
years.' 8 0 SO they buried him in the territoryo O J ~ " : 2 9
of his inheritance in Tim'nath-se'rah," which is YF2::5Q
in the mountainous region of E'phraJm, north
of Mount Ga'ash.' S I A n d Israel continued to '2%23:"
serve Jehovah all t h e days of Joshua0 and all O J g k l
(
t h e days of t h e older men who extended their "p2"%29
days after Joshuao and who had known all the
ADe 11:2
work of Jehovah that he did for Israel.*
De 31:13
32 And Joseph'sa bones,O which the sons of OJa1:22
IsraeI had brought up out of Egypt, they buriedo :$ $$,
in She'chem in the tract of the field that Jacob EX 1339
had acquired from the sons of Ha'mor, She'chem's father, for a hundred pieces of money,&+'Ge 3339
and itb came a belong to the sons of Joseph as
@Ge4 8 : ~
an inheritance."
33 Also E.leaa'zarBt h e son of Aaron died.'
So they buried him in the Hill0 of Phinte.hasc* EX slas
3:32
his son, which he had given him in the mom- Nu
0s 14:1
tahous region of E'phra-im,
#EX
~g m:z8
6:25

ik2?;$

'

z:: rF

a Literally,

"a hundred k%.&.iahsf.'> See Genesis 33 : 19, footnotee.

N. Or, "in Gih'e-ah of Phin'e.has9'; in
agreement mth L X X V g .
b r*~t,*l

SyTrg,; "they,"

-J

--u JUDGES

And after the death' of Joshuao it came

about that the sons of Israel proceeded to
inquireDof Jehovah, saying: "Who d us will
Og2T$
go up first to the Catnaan.ites to fight against
492
them?"
TO this Jehovah said: "Judaho will
aCe 49:s
NU 2:s
go
up.&
Look!
I shall certainly give t h e land into
Ps 7g:m
o ~ c h4:24 his hand." Then Judah said t o Sim'e.mo his
cJoslS:l
brother: "Come up with me into my lotP and
let us fight against the Ca'naan.ites, and 1 my+fg 1:X7
self in turn wiU go with you into your lot."+
Accordingly Sirn'e-on went with him.
@Jg 13s
4 With that Judah went on up and JehovahD
gave the Ca'naan.ites and the Per'iz-zites into
their hands," so that they defeated them in Be':
;
~ o s X Q : 8 ~ e k ten
, ~ thousand men. When they found
Jos 126
*Isa11:s A.dofni-be'zek in Be'zek, then they fought
against him and defeated the Ca'naan.itesk and
kzg;:T
the
Per'i~.zites.~When A.dorni-be'zek took to
lgl,*m
JOS 9:i
flight,
then they went chasing after him and got
1KI 920
hold of him and mrt off the thumbs of his hands
and the great toes of his feet. At this A-do'niO J g m
be'zek said: "There have been seventy kings0
with t h e thumbs of their hands and the great
toes of their feet cut off picking up food under
E&S,"g;ymy table.o Just the way I have done,' so Goda
has repaid me." After that they brought him to
~ ~he died there.
;"J%;;:1
;' J e r ~ s a l e r nand
30s 15s
8 Furthermore, the sons of Judah carried on
war against Jerusalem* and got to capture it
*,JF2g63
and they went striking it with the edge of the
4:s
sword and the c i t y they consigned to the fire.
01Sa 6:14
'Jos 2429

L'G)od." El.o.Bim', Ed ; Ao Th s.os', L X I ; Da'm, Vg.

7%

JUDGES 1:9-I7

755

754

JUDGES 1:18=-27

'Ca'naan.it,es inhabiting Ze'phath and to devote

it t o destruction. Hence the name of the city
n.as called H~r'rnah.~''"Am that Judah capFz$i
1% m:M tured Ga'za" and its territory and Ash'ke-Ion'
1Ch 4 : s
w e 1o:le and its territory and Ek'ronk and its territory.
dos 11.22
JSn6.17
'%And
Jehovah continued with Judah, so that
Jer 29:20 '
*aos 1J:3 he took possesslon of the mountainous region,
but he could not dispossem the inhabitants of
i:,1j;z
01S"13:5 the low plain, bccnuse they had war chariotsq
D2sa12:31 with iron" scytl~es.~~
'*When they gave Ca'leb
De'bir before that was Kir7.ath-se'pher,)" i.!::::;:: TJzE&He'bron, just as Mosm3 had promised," then he
Jns 1943
Then Ca'leb3said: "Whoever strikes K1rti.ath- . 25.3
2Kl 1 3 6 drove out from tIlcre the three sons of A'nak.?
FJP
m.3
21 And the sons d Benjaminc did not drive
se'pher and does rapture it, why, I will give him
1 J O S 17-16
n
v
u
14I24 out the Jeb'u.sjtes inhabiting Jelusalem, but the
Ach'sahu my daughter as a wife,"" " And 0th'- u : ~
rxa I ~ : x !
Jeb'u-sites keep on dwelling with the sans of
ni.cFvthesonof Ke'naz,~Ca?eb's younger broth- .Jnr ?!?:lo
t5ir t7:?5
er," got to capture it. For that he gave him rJrli; 1 5 1 7
;EEg;%3;3I g . m Benjamin in Jerurs~lemdown to t h b dayV3a
22 Meantlrne the housc aC Josephou itself also
Achrsah his daughter as a wife. And It came ,.'1f:i'.?:13
J:"
went up against Beth'eI'?"and Jehovah was with
about that while she was going home she kept @-I"
%%?,&;
JOS 1 4 : ~ thernn0
dnA"'
the house of Joseph began t o spy*
inciting him to ask a field from her father. Then
Jos 16:1
AGe 12:8
on BetKel (incldentnlly, the name of the city
she clapped her hands while upon the ~ss.m' At 'Joe l a : l S
before that was Luz3 ,O and Ihc watchers got
a$?%
Ihis Ca'lebz said to her: "What do you ~vmt
;!"?'
.$$,
to see a man going out of the city. So they said
I 5 0 she said to him: "Do grant me a blessing,
+JOS
Jos 27:2
1
to him: "Sho\v us, please, the way t o get into
for it js a southern piece of land you hnve given y',",?,f;13
the city and w e shdl certainly exercise kindness
me, and you must give me Gul'loth-ma'im.h
kdos 13.19
Accordingly Ca'leb gave her Upper Gul'lotht~oyu
":%%& toward you."' 25 Accordingly the man sE~owed
2.i:il
them the way to get Into the clty, and they went
and Lower G U I ~ Q ~ ~ . C
r&t4.11
.1
ia:e
8fas6n seiking the city with thc edgc of the smord,4
16 And the sans ofthe KenJite,=whose son-in'Jbg6s
but the man and all his family they sent away.'
law Moses
came up out of the city of
i
;
y
Upon that the mnn went to the land of the
palm treesdwith the sons of Judah to the wildpr- $
; ;:$
Hit'titesc'
and built a clty and called its name
nessD of J~ldah,which is to the south of A'rad.'
EizI
?iio
ZCh1:17
LUZ.That is its name down 1:s this day.
Then they went and took up dwelllng with the eb/ rr :h ' z;yi : ~ s
b193 4~13
27 And Mahn~st~eh5
did not take possession
people? " But Judah marched on with Sirnte.on
410s 17:ll of Beth-she'mL and Its dependent townsc and
his brother and they proceeded to strike the ,J,';;#;
a Meaning "A devotinl (to dntnrrtion) *. 1.LY (D) , "A.nnthc.mn" ;
Or, "Then she slid down (aIigh;htPd) from off 2110 nm." 'Meatlina
And afterward the sons of Judah went down
to fight against the Ca'naan-ltes inhabiting the
mountainousz regionr and the Negebu ahd the:&
' :!$
~*n : c
S11e.phe'lah.~lo Lo Judah marched against the a(:?~ o13'0
Ca'nnan-ites who were dwelling in He'bron' h t l x . ~
(HOW the name" of He'broni before that mas
!t;n:!!::al
I<ir'i.ath-ar'ba)," and they went striking down r!,:;LI1,::,
She'shai and A.hilman and Taltrnai,+
E J o s IU:M
Ion 11:21
11 And they marched on from there ag~inst :ION 15:i:i
n,lns
the inhabitants of De'bir." (Now the name of 1.0 r ~ n~ ~ r : l . i
a

-xu14:45

j2

"Springs~ofwater". * Or,"theupperapring~andthelowersprjngrr.''
d Or, "the XenSte, the father-in-law of hlusca."

?+

Ldm(-%)
uDmk~~ctinn";
"1 tor'inn, thnt Y R , h l ~ t l l ' e . f ~ l ~ , ' '
Literally, "war chariots of ~mn.'' Liternlly, "ih dau&rrs.''

757'

756

JUDGES 1:23-35

21:23
Ta'a.nache and its dependent towns and the in-bdos
39 5:19
'Jon
12:23
habitants of Dor and its dependent towns and l I < l "121
1 i i 6.27
the inhabitants of fi'le-am' and its dependent t 21I")t
t::D
t o i n s and the inhabitants of Me.gidtdo' and its ' 1 1 i 1 8:15
927
dependent t o ~ ~ n but
s , the Cahaan.ites persisted
In dwclling in this land. E 8 h d it came about
that Israel grew strong and proceeded t o set the
oa 18:lO
Catnaan.ites t o forced labor,' and they did not 'JJna
17:13
LKI
o:al
drive them out completely,
7dg 12:1
29 Neither did E'phra.imB drive out the Catnaanites who were dlrelling in Ge'zer," but the :.Ton 18:fO
Ca'namites continued to dwell in among them
'1KC 916
in Ge'zer."
8:w
30 Zeb'u.ImOOdid not drive out the inhabit- ?1Ch
.Jos 1%10
ants of IWron and the inhabitants of Na'ha-101,' -30s 1919
but the Ca'naan.ites continued to dwell in among
1610
them and came to be subject t o forced I ~ b o r . ' ~*Jon
JOBIT13
l 1 C l 9:21
31 Ash'er" did not drive out the inhabitants 'Jos
18324
W:13
of Ac'com and the inhabitants of Sipdon"and kc:*
Jns I 1 : H
1!1:28
Ah'lab and Ach'zibl and Hel%ah and A'phikn dor
l'j:at
and Refhob.r And the Ash'erdtes continued t o MI
Ac 275
13
1'1:28
dwell in among the Catnaan.ites inhabiting the n,lrrs
l4l:3O
l3r1
4:1
land, because they did not drive them out.^
1Ji1s 21:31
Itir IS:%
33 Naph'ta.liot did not drive out the fnhabft- 91'5
1nii:.34
I'I:R7
ants of Beth-she'mesha and the tnhabitants of rJns
uJrbs 1'1:??
Beth-a'nath,~but they continued t o d\i~eIlIn %'Jon 1!1:3$
among the Catnaan.ites inhabiting the land, and
1B:IO
the inhabitants of Beth-shermesh and of Bcth- y.ld~as
JOB17:13
a'nath became theirs for forced labor?
2 K i 9:21
7:14
34 A n d the Am'or.iteso kept pressing the sons OlSn
aJos 1fI:db
of Danx into the mountainous region, for f hey did *Jns 1R:47
JK 18 1
not allow them to come down into the low plain.* OJos
1o:la
So the Am'or.ites persisted in dwelling in J E IT12
AJOR 151:42
Mount Ne'res and in Ai'ja-lona and Sha.al'bjrn.d IICI vk.9
16:10
But the Ilmd of the house of Joseph got to be so $Jars
Jtrb 17:13
heavy that they were forced into task work.b l l i l 9:%l
11s

jn

Latcr caUed 'LPtol.e.ma'is".-AcG

21 :1.

;?&?f&

n:3
'Ge 16:7

Ex 3:2
EX 2.330

~ o 5a :

#Jog 5 9

I C J ~ :2.6

I Ex 14:13
Ex 1430

JUDGES 1:36-2:9

36 And the territory of the ArnYar.ites

was h m
the ascent of A.kr~b'birn,' from Se'laae upward.
Then Jehovalz's angel"' went up from Gi1'gal"to Bo'chimk ~ n said:
d
'2proceeded to
~bring YOU up out of Egypthand to bring you
into the land ahout ivhich I sworeb t o YOUR

J'

forefathers," Ft~rthermore,I said, 'Never shall

I: break my covennnt3 with Youar:! And f o r YOUR
past, YOU must not conclb~dea covenant with
g;;;;e
JOS 3:io
the inhabf ants of this 1nncl.fl Their altars mu
rGc 17:T
Le 26:42 should pull d615"n.l~But YOU have not listened to
myvoica.~WhyI~ave~ovdonethfs?~oIin~
&:%
have said, 'I shall not drlve them away from be+3$32
"-T-8:=
foreyov,
andthey must becarnesnares't~rrou~
tz; 34x3
xuu:52 and their gods will serve as a lure to YOU.' "Y
uEzr 9.1
4 And I t came a h u t that RS soon as JehoPS 78 B
va11's~
angel Ilnd spokcn these words to all the
:$:$:$
sons
of
Israel, the people began to raise their
Y;;;$?
C J K 16.16 voices and weep.@= I-Ience thry calIed the name
z1Sa 7:ti
of that place Bo'chirn.Und Ihey proceeded t o
ll:15 sacrificeVthere to Jehovah,"
cfsa 7;9
6 When Josltttn sent the people away, then
the sons of Israel went their way, each to his
"TRO~S22%
~
4 3 inheritance,' to take possession of the land."
~ o 2sd : ~;A n d the people conthued to serve Jehovah all
the days of Joshua and ~ l the
l days 0f the older
men who extended their days after Joshuad and
who had seen all of JePiovah's great work that
RJos24:31 he did far Israel,~~
Then Joshua the son of Nun,
the servant af Jehovah, died at the age of a
,Dlsrz5:1
,:,
hundred and ten years." So they buried3 him
in the territory of his Inheritance in Tim4nath' J o ~ 19x1 hetrese'in the mountainous region of E'phra-irn,
O1SaI1:l
nGe 12'7

Pz

Or, "The Rock?' b Or "Innd thnt 1 promisod on onth,"' Meaning

"Teepers". d Ot., " ~ 1 1 0 O I I ~ E ~ V C ~Jo~hufi.l* * "Ti1tt'nntb-11~'rcs~"
MLXX; "Th'nrtth-sc'rnh," PyVg. Con~pnroJoehan IS: 50; 24: 30.

JUDGES 2 :1617

759

758

on the north of Mount Ga'ashmeO And all thA t Waa a4:30

generationmtoo were gathered to their f ~ t h e r s ,g:g
~ ' ;&ls
and another generation began to rise after them "2;
~ lo
that did not know Jehovah or the work that he 1 ) 31:
#rsn 2:1z
had done for Israel.7
J u b :'1:14
11 And the sons of Israel fell to doing what :.> :2X6
was bad in the eyes of Jehovah' and servingn $
'$.,:;
the B a ' a l ~ .I' ~Thus they abandoned Jeho~akt"j~p~;~~
tElc God of t h e i r fathers who had brought them
out of the land of Egypta and went followjng
other gods fmm among the gods3 of the peoples ::g $$'
who were all around themPand they began bow- $,$
' :*
ing down to them,' so that they offended Jeho$!?
vah. la Thus they abandoned Jehovah and took ;;;;;:z.?

A!;:

with other gods* and went bowing down t o

them. They quicldy turned aside from the way
,rm 4:4
in which their forefathers had walked by obeyGlSa 13~13 ing the cornmandments~of Jehovah.' They did
'Ex 9?.8
us 11 12
not do like that. '"And when Jehovah did raise
CJ& 3:.
.ha 12:iI up judges' for them, Jehovah proved to be with
r\c 13:20
the fudged and he saved them out of the hand
AJon 1 5
oC their enemies all the days of the judge, for

*Ex SJ:1B
LF 1 7 9
Pa 7357

0 Ds 32:W
I-'% M:13

F9 Im:ld
*k:v 2,:'i
2x1 12:4

" J a 4:2
up serving Ba'alb and the &hYto.reth" irnagesBc l:4:6
Jg 8 : s
At this Jehovah's anger blazed against Is~ael"! , ! ~ ~ ~ & ~ ~
4R:l
and he gave them into the hands of the pillagers Q ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ~ c1nn
.Y l9a,35:29
1% 7R:S
and they began to pillage them," and he pro- ;;;\ :;:;3
bl:u nz.10
J y Ilk7
ceeded t o selld them into the hand of their ene- n;,;:t!f.l
~ R 8uil

mieso round about' and they were no longer

:&
able to stand before their encrniesnOI s Every- ma
#.I,
.I:P
"I4"2f':37
where that they went out, t h e hand of Jehovah
e Zfl:15
proved to be against them for ~alarnfty,~
just as ' WJ rr
;:I:IO
Jehovah had spokenAand just as Jehwah had a<;',P.i!k?"
sworn to them, k d they got to he in very sore;;;O &!,r';0
straits.' l6
SO Jehovah would raise up judgeso Tj; ,';;';(:
and they wolild save them out of the hand of
their pillagers."
17 And even t o their judges they did not
Iisten," but they had unfaithful i n t e r c m P c

BNe &a7

PB106:43

,,,,:,
3J4

Or, 'wodiping." "Ba'al."

Aa-bn'al; LAX,,It o he'd. Ycnnk g , "The Owner (or, 31mt4z)". ''The Ash'to.reZh images!' 3t,
ha- Ad-tu.rothr; LLT, "the ris.tsrth"; Tg, d s1i3a.soE!r. Literally,
"the Ash'b-reths," that is, the irnor manifrstatiom of t h l g
pagan goddm, d 'EDeliver np,'! L X .'Or, "they comndtted fornisntion (irrrmoraliky).''

JUDGES 2:I&--3:2

Jehovah would iee1 sorrybfor their groaning because of their oppressors' and those who were
shavin~:them around.
19 And it occurred that when the judge died
they would turn around and act more ruinously
than their fathers by wallcing after other gods
50 serve tllern and bow down to thema They did

not refrain from their practices and their stubborna I s c h ~ v j o rFinally

.~~
Jehovah's anger
blazedw against Israel and he said: "For the
reason that this nation have overstepped my
covennnt* that I commandedQtheir forefathers
*J.!X 24:3
110 2.r:la and have not listened t o my voice," z 1 I, too, for
dl,= 23:rfl
TTtc 23 1
my part shall not drive out again from before
1 :+0:10
r !Sn~ : 3 them a single one of the nations? that Joshua
A J t m 21,19
left behind when he died," :'in order by them to
J K 313
VT>c! R:?
I'a (.6:10 test: Israel, whether they will be keepers of
Jehovah's way by walking in it just as their
fathers kept it, or n ~ t . ' " ~Accordingly Jehovah
let these nations stay by not driving them out
quickly, and he did not give them into Joshua's
)(,

h~nd.
*b
1:22

are the nations' that Jehovah

Pet stay
by them to test1 Israel, that
2c:h 3231
is,
those
had
not experienced any of the
J'r 17 .%
CJ c 21 :n wars3 of Ca'naan;;' a it was only in order for
c 1t:i1 1t::ta
*J~2:10 the generations of the sons of Israel to have the
n3,h I:':&
C2SR 1:18 experience," so as to teachQthem war, that is,
J g 2201
*Da R
r > l8:le
~

so as
3allNow these
who

JUDGES 3 :11-19
185
only those who before that had not experienced kJea
1Sa 5:19
t
Ge
2
l:32
such things: The five axls lordsak of the Phi- OJ 10:li
1fI:lLT
Iis'l:ines,O1 and all the Ca'naanJtes,n even the n$e
Nu 13:29
Si.dokni.ansr and the Hi'vitesa inhnbltlng Mount FGC 4 V 1 3
13e 3:R
Lebanont from Mount Ba'nl-her'rnonu all the Jos
13;d
mGe I C 17
WRY to Harmath.by SO they served as agents to Eu 3 !7
9:1
test Israel so as to h o w whether they would t DJos
e1 5
w114
1H:lB
obey Jehovahkso commandments that he had u D c 3;s
Jns
I:?:$
commrtncled their fathers by means of Moses? vNu :&I:#
And the sons of Israel dwelt in amongz the y J g 2.22
1:2'1
Ca'naan.ites,' the Hit'titesU and the Am'or-its" zJg
PS l
!di:.M
*Ge 1.. !5
and the Per'lz.zites3 and the Hl'vites* and t h e oEx I1 *R
1:1
Jeb'u.sitesme And they proceeded to take their *De
9Ex 3:11
D:1
dnughters as wives far themseIves, and their +Jns
ORu 1:11
9:8
own daughters0 they gave to their aons,Qnd mNe
"Eu 3.1 1s
they took up serving their gods.'
I3m 7 3
Ezr 8:12
3 c 7:;
7 So the sons of Israel did \%?hat
was bad in #IcJg
Jehovah's eye+ and they were forgetful of Je- 2J r - B2:11
31
i:7
hovaho their Godn and went servlng the lBaEalsl.1h
I J ' 111410
and the sacredc poles,Cn At this Jehovah's aIi$l ~714
ll d : i ~
W:13
anger blazed against Israel," so that h e soldF nKx
Ds 16:21
them jnto the hand of C~l'shan-rish.a.tharim2Jf:
1 C1s:1b
2! 33
the king a??Me.a-gm.ta'mi.a,h and the sons of 21C1 2 3 6
r : ~2 9
Israel continued to serve Cu'sh~n-rish.a.tha'im ad^ 2'1.1
1% 12.9
eight years. "~nd the sons of Israel kegan ta tIleb
3:7
uGe
call to Jehovah for aid,v Then Jehovah raised a vJ g ti:?24:rO
12:lO
savlory up for the sons of Israel that he might Y1Sa
J K2.18
15.17
save them, Wni.eIz the son of Ke'naz,' t h e eC d3 b s8:7
younger brother of Ca'leb.' I0The spjriFA of ' l 8 h .:.I3
J R l:1J
Jehovah now came upon him m d he became t h e 3APiu
12:17
J g 11;29
judge of IsraeI. When he went out t o battle, then Jc: 1 4 6
2Ch 15.1
Jehovah gave Cu'shan-rlsh.a.tha'imb the king bJg
3:8

of Syriak into his hand so that hfs hand overpowered Cukhan-rlsh.a.thaTm.'" After that the
land had no disturbance for forty yearsaeEventually Othtni.el the son of Ke'naz died.
12 h d once again the sons of Israel went to
qaf2 doing what rrras bad in Jehovah's eyes.' At that
Jehovah let E g h n the king of Mo'abm grow
EJ,g,:l,ig
=~x9:16 strong against Israel,' because they did what
ua
l2
was bad In J c h o v ~ h ' seyes." firtlierrnore, he
i9:39 gathered against them the sons of Arn'monAand
hAm"a.lekPo
Then they went and stmclc Israel
:Sp"&3
and took possession of the city' of palm trees.
J K I : ~ ~ "And the sons of Israel continued to serve
:!;$ Eg'lan the king of Mdab eighteen yeammlaAnd
U J E ~ : ~ the sons of Israel began to call to Jehovah for
gig aid? So Jehovah raised up for them a savior,'
E'hudlCthe son of Ge'ra, a Ben'ja-mite,] a left,J,'
,
P,T*
kJg4:l
handed r n m h n In t h e t h e sons oC Israel sent
ISU 1:n
F ~ 3:5
P
tributeCr by his hand to Eg?on the king of
n$g 20:16
Meanwhile m u d made a sword for
I C 1
~2:2 Mo'ah, l8
LTz$%Il himself, and it had two edges,* its length belng
a c ~ b i tThen
, ~ he gMed it underneath his garz;f,"b$i2
245
ment upon his right hipe lT
And he proceeded
1 Ps 45:s
to present the tribute< to Eg'lon thc king of
9%
Pg Mo'ab,b Now Eg'lon was a very fat man.v
Jer 5:28
68 And It came about that when he had An.
ished presenting the tributec he at once sent the
ymi17:4 people away, the bearers of the tribute,^ l o And
he himself turned back at the q u a r r i ~ cthat
=aos4:20 were at Gll'galx and he proceeded to say: ''1
have a secret word for you,' 0 king." So he
*;?$:,
said: "Keep silence!" With that all those who
+Heb21:3
@Jon 11:23

@z

3 ~'SnXtr~.l,ies,',"

po.tn'~li.n," 5'g.

m; 'hsa'h.Plpsl,"Vg. See Jos)iun 43: 3, footnot@f.

b Sm Jorl~un13 : 5, footooteh. 6 Or, "the A.ah~'rahs." d LitertllEg,
"A'r~t11-nn.lla.ra'h~
11; " E p i l r o f (the) rivers," m; "Mcso-

e'b'ram," Bf; "Byrim (of rivers)," L m g . litw~lly,"a man

closed (impeded) of his right hztnd." a Or, fBgift."d"A~pnn,') 1.n;
"a pnlm of the handti Vc. In 31 it is a hneal m a s u ~ ~ i t ~ af
c n the
t
length of which me nrs not certnin. *Or,"(anmed) imngea."
a

763
we 4 3 1
were standing by him went on out from
And E'hud came to him as he was sitting in
aAmS:iB
his cool roof chamber that he had to
And E'hud went on to say: "A word of God I
have for you."At that he rose up from his
thl.one.O :' Then E'hud tl~rustin his left hand g l a a : B
and took the sword off his right hip and plunged
it info his belly.' A"2dn
the handhe kept going QJob20:25
in also after the blade so that t h e fat closed in
ever the blade, for he did not draw the sword
out of his belly, and the fecal matter began to
come out.' "'And E'hud proceeded te go out
through the airhole,b but he closed the doors of
the roof chamber behind him and locked them.

,I

31 And after him theye proved to he Sham'gar3 the son of A'nath, and he \vent striking
the PhI.Fis'.tines,' six hundred men, with
L
an oxgoad,Qnd he too got to save Israel,"
DJc 2:I.l
Now the sons of Israel again began to do
J g 10:':
kTos 1 l : l
what as bad in Jehovah's eyes now that
j,,,,,M
n ~ 1.15
~ a E'hud was dead." ' So Jehovah sold" them into
cls~15.G the handoof Ja'bink the 1finc:af Ca'naan, who
in Ha'zor,' and the chlefbF of his a m p
2g; :;i2reigned
WEE
Sis'e.ra,"
and he was d~rlellhgin Ha.rol*Jc
UJY 43,:): ~
1sa7:a
sheth"
of
the
nationsnc
"nd
the sons of I s r ~ e l
A J o a 17:18
J R I : ~ ~began to cry out to Jehovah,= because he had
PDe R 4 8
p, ~rlfi..12 nine hundred war chariots with iron scythesdA
mJos 1H.25 and he himself oppressed t h e sons of IsraelP
,,,:,,
Isn 10 21 with harshness twenty years.
3-r 41r 1
4 NOWDeb'o.rahIea prophetess," the wife of
e2xi 22.16
Lap'pi.doth,
was judging Israel at that partial*Ge 12:8
JOB m
Ge
8.9
: ~ o lar time. And she was d~vellhgunder Deb'o3er :4.13 m h ' s palm tree between Ra'rnahg and Beth'el'
Am r:10
in the mountainous region af E'phra.h, and the
olsn 8:3
#fZa:H,!,9 sons of Israel would go up to her for judgment.**
zL;
l s a12.11.
1.7 21

I:>.~J
iSa 17 111
I s n I;:.~T down
159 1 7 5 0
a:19

*J::

he hlrnsclf went out.

And his scrvants came and began looking,

*Or, "and be n~ndehis way orit thr~nghthe l~opholo!' T'g, "find

nt once tllrc~~lalrthe secrpt: nlta n? n~turet h c rxwmuents of ihn
bally broh forth." b Or, .t& powh," or, "the prix~." Libmlly,
('He is just korping his feet Iltddrn!' d "Lorrl." '1, a.do.ndm'; In
the plwbnl number of excellencr. LZT, k11'ri.os- Vg, do'wti.tapl3.
Both L L Y and Vg me in tho ningular. 01; "dm$her."'

:5

he being at their head. 2g Then he said to them:

''FaUo~vme,' because Jehovah has given YOUR
*JP
J~ $:I1
4:10
~JJ F7.15
7:u
!
enemies, the Ma'ab.ites, into YOUR hand."O And
I& ii;:s~they went Sollowlng him and got t o capture the
ford9 of the Jordano agalnst the Mo'ab.ites, and
5%
J6 32'5
they did not allow anybody t o pass over. r"nd
at that time they went striking dourn Mo'ab,
oJ8
J O 3:17
13:n
~
~s L;:~O about ten thousnnd men, every one rsbustnPand
+Jg X I 1
J ~ W I everbyone a v ~ l i a n tman, and not a single one
e7g
~ 1 : 2 a escaped. " And Mo'ab same to be subdued on
that day under Israel's hand, m d the land had
,E,&
';
no
further disturbance for eighty years."
JISU
R 12 2-

nr And

and there the doors of the roof chamber were

lockd. So they said: ' % ~ e is just easing naturec' -=a:a
in the coo1 interior room." ?fi And they kept
waiting until they were ashamed, and, look!
there was no one opening the doors of the roof,
chamber. At this they took the key and opened
them and, look! their IordVvas faIIen to the
3Ru 1:9
earth dead!'
26 As lor E'hud, he escaped while they were
lingering, and he himself pasged by the quarriesm"Jp 319
and made his escape t o Se-i'rah. And it came 'Jf&6:34
about that when he got there he began blowing &: ;
the trumpet*" in the n~ountainousregion of cJgi:"
E'phra.irnn md t h e sons; of Israel bego31 going D ~ ~ 7
down with him out of the mountainous region, i;::;:

JUDGES 3 :28-4

.,,
,,
,,:, 4

,,

~ ~ 1 s

Or, b41nt."h YOhiefL' .\(, 8.;

LXX, "grinn (smern~r)'~;
Vr,
0 Or, "Iln.rotal~eth-ha-goi'imniPLiterally, "war cb~riotfi

"lender."

of iron.''

Meaning "Bce".

765

%d she proceeded to send and call Ba'rakk the k"ebfi:s*

son of Anbinto.amout of Ke'desh-naph'ta-lil and 1x0s al:s2
to say t o him : "Has not Jehovah the God of Israel
given the command? 'Go and you must spread
yourself out on Mount Tapborn and you must nJPc"fy&;
take with you ten thousand men out of the sans * c ,wjB
~
of Naph'taJi* and out of the sons of Zeb'u.lun." Nu.??
RP ,.t,
And I shall certainly draw to you a t the tor- ngE :?$
rent valley of Ki'shonASis'e.raq the chief of Ja'- ,{:",7;!,,,
bin's* army and his war charlob and his crowd ojz,".l$p
and I shall. indeed give him into your hand.' 'Im
8 At this Ba'rak said ta her: "If you will go IS:, ':.~:Io
with me, thela I shall cerhlnly go, but if you
will not go with me, I shall not go." B?X"O this
she said: "Without fail 1shall go with you. Just
tlze same, the crowning feat will not become
yours on the way that you are going, for it will
be into the hand d a woman' that Jehovah will $*%
!:
sell&5is'e.m." With that Deb'a'rah got up and
went with Bakak t o Ke'deshmb And Ba'ralc @$," !y;!2
began t o call Zeb'u.lw and Naph'ta.lie together
,g;l;to Ke'desh m d ten thousand men went on up
follazving hk steps, and Deb's.rah went on up
with him.
I1 Incidentally He%cruthe Ken'lteA had sep- AaJ#rt 1:18
24:21
arated from the Kentites,8 the sons of Ho%ab, z r ; c ; y
whose son-in-law Moses t ~ a s , ' 'and
~ he had his ih 1z.6
tent pitched near the big tree in Za.a.nantnim,+
* J r m Ja):3d
whicl~is at Ke'de~h.~
W E 4,3
12 Then they reported t o S1s'e.r~that Ba'rak
the son of A.biab.amXhad gone up to Mount Td- "JgkU
bor." "'t
once Sis'e.ra called together all his 'fff4:B
war chariots, the nine hundred war charlots
with iron scythes,k and all the people that were k J ~ d : g
with him, out of Ila.ro'sheth of the nations to
a f'D~lirerup,'' L-IXVg. b Or, "Ro'bnh, lfoses' father-in-law?p

;$;4zT

crl;b%

1 Js 4!7

JUDGES 4: 14-21

the torrent valley of Ki'sh0n.l 1 4 Deb'saah now

said to Ba'rakr "Get up, f o r this is the day that
Jehovah wiIl certainly give Sidebrainto your
hand. Is it not Jehovah that has gone out before you?"n And Ba'rak went descending from
n2paFi,
P95$:7
Mount Ta'bor with ten thousand men behind
ISII 5:: l a
311c?:13 him. dnA%'
Jehovah began t o throw Siste.ra
rlsnS:lY
and alI his war clznrlotso and all the camp into
by the edge of the sword before
' r rob
$ 11:92
~ ~ confusion*
# ~
Ba'rak. Finally Sjs'e.rn got down off the chariot
and took to flight on foot. IB
And Ba'rak chased
aftern
the
war
chariots
and
the camp as far as
n~&~&,
J * s 11~8 Ha.ro'sheth of the nations, so that all the sfimp
of Sis%.ra fell by the edge of the stvord. Not as
much as one remained,
17 As for Sfs'e.ra>he fled on foot to the tent
"Isa
E J K ~1 2:0 t
~c ~ 2 . l of Ja'e1 the wife of He'ber the Kenqte,' for
ZCn I* 19
N U i::il there was peace between Ja'bin the king of Ha'.
J g ]:Is
ZQX* and the household of He%er the Ken'ite.
1 % 1::~
~
1Sn :4(1.20 1s
Then Ja'el came on out to meet Sistc.ra and
* J K 4:2
c r i ~ 2 : l a said t o him: "Turn this way, my lord," turn
"1% 4:w this way to me.Do not be afraid."' So he turned
aside t o her into the tent, Later she cot7credhim
with a blmket, 11' In time he said t o her: "Give
clsaae:li me, please, a little watef t o drink, for I am
thirsty." Acc~rdinglyshe opened a skin bottle
;g$1g10 of milk" and gave him o. drink,' after which she
covered him. "' And he went on to s a y to her:
"Stand at the entrance of the tent, and jt m t ~ t
occur that if anybody should come and he does
ask you and say, 'Is there a man here?' then
YOU must say, 'NO!'
"'
*JOB2 ~ 2:4
nIT:^
21 And Ja'el the wife of He'ber proceeded
Dlsa 4!10 to take a pin of the tentJ and to put the hammer
into her hand. Then she went to him stenlthily
m ~ 97~19
x
, ~ ~ ~ : " and
2 : ~ drove the pln' into his temples"and beat it

Into the earfh, while he was fast asleepa and

WE 5:m
weary, So he died.b
22 And, look! there was Ba'rak pursuing
SisPe.ra.SaPelnow came on out t o meet him and
said to him: "Come and I shall show you the
man you are looking for," So 3n he went t o her
and, look! there was Siste.ra fallen dead, with
the pin in his temples.
23 Thus God subdued' Ja'bfn the king of l&!9zdm

Ca'naan before the sons of LmeI on that day.

P4 And t h e hand of the sons of Israel went on
getting harder and harder against Jarbin the
Iring of Ca'naan until they had cut off Ja'bh
the king of Ca'naan.
And on that day Deb'o.rahm along with
Ra'rak5 the son of A.binb.arnAbroke out

-5

in song,QSsaying:

~~;s8~;k

"(FOX

r r f l ~ ~ ~AIV~,
a;'

~ L 28:12
Q
lau S3:8

LA 1:I

'zch 15:s
~ P J 4:4
B
OXSa
'J 4:6
13:ss
.lK 2:12
D'tSn 1319

'Jg4:4

F
b
,::=
31Ehh
o EX 15-1
16s

;;;;in

ezy;;:46

2G:al

letting the hair hang loose+ in Israel

]so 2b.l
for war,
L r t 1:67
For t h e peuple's volunteering,'
Xn 1533
Re 19:l
ELF= Jehovah."
+Le I0:6
a"listen, you kings;* gfve ear, YOU high kgif
mxe 11:2
afidals:k .
P S 1103
* n e S:IO
T ts Jehovah, ys, I, will sing.
1Ch =:XI
Accompanied with music I shall aingl to
Jehovah, Israel's -d,n
~ F 2:10
S
"Jehovah, at your going forth from Se'!"ir,''
At your marching out of the field of ;z;g;z
32Sa 8:14
ErdOm,O'
nHab 3:3
OX& 2:s
"EarthQrockecl,t heavens also drippcd,u
~ 2 S a2 2 8
u F's 19.8
Clouds also dripped with walerev
a14M~untains
quakedb at the face of God,y FgTz7
This Si'naio at the face of Jehovah,z 2
2:%:;! ~
* EZO:Z
Israel's God.*
1 Or, l
f nol
~ ling,"
~ b"Qunkedll'
~
RyT; "were nhalren," LXX;
fi

DJE a !
AJE 4:lt

Y8 4:6

OJp 4:lO

he n:a

Ps 110.3
H:10

4 1 ) ~

.TI: 5.2
P$103:l
& J R 10:4
,Ti; 12:14

*Pa 1 0 5 : ~

=LB.3 4

*Csmm
EX 2.17

O I S a 12:T

Pa 147:7
M I C8 : s

AD0

=:a4

J O 29:;
~

2#:0
QJY 4:.1

'3g 5:1
PJ 57:B

"'In the days of ShamPgarthe son of Atnath,"

In the days of Jarel," pathways had no
traffic,&
And the travelers of roadways would travel
by roundabout pathways,+
"The dwellers in open country ceased, in
ImeI they ceased,'
Until I, Deb'a.rah,~oseup,
Until I rose up as a mothero In Israel.'
'They proceeded t o choose new gods.'
It was then there was
in the gates.~'
shieldo could not be seen, nor a lance,
Among forty thousand in Israel.'
@'Myheart is For the camrnancle~sof Israel/
Who were volunteers among the people.b
BLESSJehovah.+
l o "You riders on yellowish-red she-asses,@
You who sit on rich carpets,"
h n d YOU who walk on the road,
Sing of it.'

" "Some

of the voices of the water distributom* between the places of drawing

water,"
"There they began t o recount the rjghteous
acts of Jehovah,'
The rightellus acts of his dwellers of open
country in Israel.
It was then Jehovah's people made their
way down to the gates!
I* "Awake, awake, 0 Debtorah;b
Awake, awake, utter a songr

Literally, "pnthways c e ~ e d(sdered negleat) ,I' 'She mmalng o f

the J-lehrew wort1 111 M ia obsmre. "Then the dtiea of the governora (prinaea fought," L a . d The mennina of the Ilel~,cwword
in M i~ doubt ul. LXXPg, "sit in judgment."
a

JUDGES 5: 13-l8

768

"Rise up, Ba'rakp and lead your captlvma@~

~
away,' you son of A.bin'o.am!*
u.rn M:IS
*pn
5 2
lv'It was then the survivors came dawn for
the majestic ones,
Jehovah's people came down for me against
ORu ?I
the mightp ones.'
*J B 4:9
I r "Out of Erphra.imwas their origin in the
low plain,b
Witha you, O EenJamhk among your bJorlfl:ll
peoples.
"Out af Ma'chk4the commanders went down,
And out of Zebru.Iun*those handling the +JE4i6
equipment of a scribe.
BIKI 1 5 s
l8 "And the princes i
n Is'sa-chaP were with @Jos
19:lT
IC?I 1232
Deb'o-rah,
~ J 4E : ~
And as Is'sa.&ar, sa was Ea'rak."
Into the low plain he was sent on fobtAa*Ja4:M
"Among the divisions of Reu'beno great were Qm
*Prm:ls
the searchingsfiof the heart,'
18 ('Why did you sit down between the two
saddle bags,
To listen to the pipings for the flocks?' ?;$;&
"For the divisions of Reu%en there were
esg ID:=
meat ssearchinm of the heart.^
11:t
rr 'Gil'e.adc kept >t&histent on the other side o.~g1:4
pa
T
I:B
of the Jordan;
Ian 3:40
And Dan, why did he continue to dwell for
OIX~ e n
the time in ships?O
*Joa 1924
O~SR
17:11
ldAshrer*
sat idIe at the seashore?
OJ08 1b:m
And by his landing places he kept tenting.'
In
"Zebk.lun was a people that scorned their
4:lO
soulse to the point of death;"
7

Literally, "captivitp:' b " h w plain." Elidentry it ~houldso read,

instead of "Am'a.lekl', as in MLIXXYg. Or, "After,!' d ~'Searcliinmj7'aa in verse IF, although IT rends "prescriptions". *"SauIs,"

hi, neyb'esb; LXX! psy-chz'; Tg, a't~i.mo,

JUDGES 5 :19-26

769

*Jg
4:6
r~ ~ 4g5 4 ~

also,
d Napb'ta.Ei*
6

on the heights of the field.'

lW'KKings came, they fought;

It was then that the k i n ~of
s Ca'naan fought
'%I Ta'a.nachA by the waters 05 Me.gidtdo.'

4T&?za No gain of silver did they take.'

12:=

~~~~

O I C 27:23
~
W o s 10:11
1Sa 7:10
~ J F4 3: 5
Ps 18.15
PS 77:17
*Jg 4:7

PS 8-39
4 13

'J

$A

18:40

a
S
a 1:lO

z"

"From heaven0 did the starso fight?

From their orbits they fought against

Sis'e-ra,'
"The torrent of Ki'shon washed them away,*
The torrent of ancient days,a the torrent
aP Kl'shon.'
You went treading down strength, O my
soul.="
22''Itwas then that the hoofs of horn&
pawed:
Dashings upon dashings of his *Uions
there were.
P n t ' ' C ~ Me'roz,'
~ ~ '
said the angel of
Jehovah,'

'CURSEits inhabitants incessantly,

" 'For they did not come to the assistance of

Jehovah,*

To the assfstance of Jehovah with the

mighty ones.'"
'"4Jarel' the wife of Re%r the Kenfiteo will
be most blessed among women?
Among women in the tent she will be most
bl e s s d P
Water he asked, milk she gave;
In the large bmquet bowl of majestic ones
she presented curdled
ee "Her hand to the tent pln she then thrust
out,
a Or, "torrent of attack!' The Hebrew ward kn.du.mim', whioh we
render "of ancient itrp", is till nnacrtain a8 to meaning. <'The
ancient winter-torrent," LXX(B1;"the t o t r ~ n tGn.da'mh," V s

JUDGES 5 :27-40

770

And her right hand to the mallet of toilers.

"And she hammered Sis'e.ra, she pierced his
head through;
+J
28, 4 &:z
21
And she broke apart and cut up his
erg 9 5 3
templesnm
27 "Between her feet he collapsed, he fell,
he lay down;
Between her feet he collapsed, he felI;
Where he coIIapsed, there he fell overcome." " ~ g 4:2a
" Ram the w i n d 0 9 a woman hoked out 01%19:12
and kept watching for him,&
The mother of Sis'e.ra from t h e lattice :' 'Effa;i2
" 'Why has his war chariot delayed in corn-l
ing?*
Why must the hoofbeats of his chariots
be so late?'"

to distribute spoil,*
A womb-two wombsC to every man,4
" 'Spoil of dyed stuffs for Sis'e.ra, spoil of
dyed stuffs,*
An embroidered garment, dyed stuff, two
embroidered garments3
For the necks of [men of] spoil?'d*

AEX 1 5 9

'

~ P 4314
S

~ a s a1 3 ~ 8

(<Keptwntehing for him," T; "kept lamenting," 31, b Or, "prinIf, so.vak' (in the plural number). Soldiers' expression
meaning "two (captu~ed) concubines". d By a change o f one Hebrew letter this lnny he read : "For the neok o f a king's wife!' I3y a
slight change of ow el-pointing the Hebrew may be rendered :"Fbr
my neck a~ spoil," Or, by a change of a Anal Hebrew letter: "For
his neok as spoil."
a

cesses."

hovahlo
And let youra lovers" be as when the sun0
Ps 58:11
goes forth in i
t
s mightines~."~
P S 6X:z
PS 8 x 1
And
the
land
had
no
further disturbance for .
Ps 92 9
Re 18!*:2(1 forty yearsea
J
*Ex N:6
Then the sons of Israel began to do what
Ps 91:14
Ps 9730
was bad in the eyes of Jehovah.+ So JehoRO 8%
vah gave them into the h a d of Mid'i.ano* for
seven years. And the hand of Mid'i-an came
"pF3E;g
P r 4:18
t
o prevail over Israel.* Due to Mid'i-an the sons
Da 12.3
M t 13143 of Israel made for themselves the underground
I store places that were in the mountains, and the
wO gLa:11
=:I4
~
And
+if
&l: j caves and the places difficult to approach:
:;,2$:+7
it occurred that, if Israel sowed seed,# Midpinan
mpgi;; land Ampa.lekkand the Easternersb1came up,
.Isa13:6
yes, they came up against them. &Andthey
1% 14:11
HeblI:38 would camp against them and would ruin the
yield of the earth all the way t o Gatza, and they
E$:6;f
would not let any sustenance or sheep or ox
9;
,
a
g!
!
;
3m4:30 OX ass remain in Israel." "For they and their
nDe 28:N
livestock would come up with their tents. They
"KiB:"
would come as numerous as the Iocusts,O and
03g
,, a:= they and their camels" wePe without number,r
sPs83:4
and they wodd come into the land to ruin it.a
& A n d Israel became greatly impoverished due
to Mid'i.an, and the sons of Israel began to call
to Jehovah for aid?
t$$
7 And it came about that because the sons of
v ~ g l o : ~ oIsraeI called to Jehovah for aid on account of
Mid'i.an,v Jehovah proceeded to send a man,
3
01Sa3:ao
a prophet; t o the sons of Israel and to say to
them: "This is what Jehovah the God of Israel
has said, 'It was I who brought YOU up from

+Job m:s

"Thus let all your enemies perish,' 0 Je-

D J 416
~

B1

01% If:$
"PS 48:4

me 21:11

JUDGES 5 :31-4 :8

oasa m31

'~g 415

"The wise ones of her noble ladiesb would

answer her,
Yes, she too would talk back to herself
with her own sayings:
" 'Ought they not to find, ought they not

771

,:,,

"Porn:'
S?Tg;
BIXXX* Literally, "sons of the east."
M, b"18g-ked em; Vg, "others o f the Oriental nations."
a

JUDGES 6 : 9 1 5

773

772

EgyptP and thus brought YOU out of the house plSa3(lr,3

of slaves.Py "0 I delivered YOU out of the hand 1;22;1:30
of Egypt and out of the hand of all YOUR OppTeS- F;!i$lo
sors and drove them out from before you and
gave YOU their land," '"rthermore,
I said to "Ps a : 2
YOU: "I: am Jehovah y o n God,* You must not *EXm:2
fear the gods of the Am'or.ites in whose land
YOU are d~velling."~
And YOU did not listen to qF:J;p
ADe 2 8 2
my voice.' "*
dg 2:2
11 Later Jehovah's angel came0 and sat un- 5;;"3:;3
der the massive tree that was in Oph'rah, which o J E 2:1
belonged to Jo'ash the A'bi-ez'rite,' while Gid'eone his son was beating out wheat" in the wine- :;&?&,
press so as t o get it quickly out of the sight of
Mid'i.an. l Z Then Jehovah's angel appeared t o
him" and said to him: "Jehovah is with you, "gi;;6
123
you valiant, mighty one."# l 3 At this Gidre.an sg
Lu 1:11
said to him: "Excuse me, my lord, but if Jeho- *EX 3:iz
vah is with us, then why has all this come upon $2%"8
us,' and where are all his wonderful actsa that *6:ii:z2
our fathers related to us,* saying, 'Was it not ,E-$::f
out of Egypt that Jehovah brought us up?"
And now Jehovah has deserted us* and he gives
us into the palm sf Mid'i.an." 11' Upon that Jeho- ach 15;z
vah" faced him and said: "Go in this power of
,
,
:
,
,
yours and you will certainly save Israel out of;xJ",',"15:32
l5 In t u r n ' = ~ x~ : I O
Mid'i.an's palm." Do 1 not send
*Ex 3'11
h e said t o him: "Excuse me, Jehovah." With Jer i : 6
L u 1:34
what shall I save Brael?' Loolr! my thousandct ,E, l a : a ~
NU 156
is the least in Ma-nas'seh, and I am the smallest De 1:15

'ez;"

;g&z;;

,,,,,

a "Jehorah," 31; "the nngel of Jehovah," L X X , b"Jeho~ah."

Kyrri.e, EXX (A) ; "Lord (-4.do.rzay') ," 31; " r n ~Lord," LXX (B)BgSy. This i s crna o f the 134 passages where the J e ~ s hSopherim
(scribes) altered the prirnitir-e Hebre-ir text t o read Amdomay' instead of God's n m c represented by the tetragrammaton (iilie',
YHWK). So rre restore the original reading, See Genesis 18:3,
footnotea. '.Thoust~ud."A diPision in Israel's tribes.

JUDGES 6 :16--23

in my father's house."* lB
But Jehovah said to
!if&
him: "Because I shall prove to be with you,$

OEx 3:12
Jos 1.5

and you will ce~tainlystrfke down Mid'i.an+ as

if one man."
17 At this he said t o him: "If, now, I have
found
favor3 in your eyes," then you must perzg &fU
2:M form a signmfor me t h a t you are the one speaking with me."IS Do not, please, move away from
"%
\!j18
2 ~ 20i:s
here until 1 come t o you" and I have brought out
*Ge 193
Ge 1'3.3
my gift and set it before you."" Accordingly he
Jg l3:ll
*Ge 1 8 : ~ said: "'Ifor my part shall keep sitting here until you return." And Gid'e.on went in and proceeded
to make ready a kid of the goatsn and
FEY,
an
e'phah
of flour as unfermented3 cakes.' The
$a&4
Le 2:4
meat he put in the basket and the broth he put
in the cooking pot, after which he brought it out
to him under the massive tree and served it.
20 The angel of Goda now said t o him: "Take
the meat and t h e unfermented cakes and set
"JpD:lg them on the big rack there,O and pour out the
18%
broth.'" At that he did so. 2 2 Then Jehovah's
angel thrust out the tip of the staff that was in
e L e 9:24
f g 13:20
his hand and touched the meat and the unferTKr
ig:;fj26 mented cakes, and fire began to ascend out of
OJg 1 3 : ~ the rocko and to consume the meat and the unfermented cakes.O As for Jehovah's angel, he
-Jg 13:21
*Ge m i 3 vanished from his sight.
Consequently Gid'eGe 32:30
on realized that it was Jehovah's angel."
E~ 33:20
De 5:5
J a 13:22
At once Gid'e.on said: "Alas, Lord Jehovah,b
ISLL
6:5
*Ge 4 3 2 3 for the reason that I have seen Jehovah's angel
face to face!'" *Z But Jehovah said to him:
:1,;$&\$ "Peacen be yours.Wo not fear.n You will not
( l G ~ d , l '31 ha-EZ.o.himt; LXX(B),ko Tha.oaP; Vg, Do'mi.ntis
("the ~ord'!) ; Sy, "the Lordf9;LXX(A),"Jehovah."', See Genesis
Isa 4i:io
IPS839

1
I

'

'
I

31 : 11, footnoted. 6 "'Lord Jehovah," M, A.do.my' Ys.ho.wih'. See

Oenees 15 : 2, footnotes8 and 4

JUDGES 6:24-30

774

die,-" 24 So Gid'e-on built an altaro there t o zb","&!$

Jebovah,O and it continues to be calleda+v;72~;10
Jehovah-sha'lom down to this day. It is yet in +px!p;i
Oph'rah" of the A'bi-ez%ites.
Jsr ~ : 6
25 And it came about during that nightd that EiSp"&11
Jehovah went on to say to him: "Take the
young bull, the ox that belongs to your father,
that is, the second young bull of seven years,
,:,
8:33
and you must tear down the altar of Ba'alB?hat @J
*2x 34:13
is your father's, and t k e sacred poleb that Is by y; 3':;
it you should cut down." 26 And you must build0 ORU 4:11
12:12
an altar to Jehovah" your God at the head of
this stronghold, with the row of stones,' and *2*24:18
you must t a k ~
the second young buU and offer it
up as a burnt0 offering on t h e pieces of wood C J g I k a l
of t h e sacred pole Wat you wiIl cut down,"
Accordingly Gid'e.on took ten men of his servantsa and went doing just as Jehovah had spo- UlSa 3:9
ken to hirn,O but it came about that, as he feared uDe 4:l
the household of his father and the men of the
city too much to do it by day, he went doing
adoh a:a
it by nighLa
28 When the men of the city got- up earIy in
353
the morning' as usual, why, look! t h e altar of.
Ba'alo had been pulled down and the sacred ";Ef'
pole' that was beside it had been cut down and $galy;z
the second young bull had been offered up on
g
the altar that had been built. z 9 And they began ;
2 K i 21:s
t o say one to another: "Who has done this g::z
thing?" And they went inquiring and seeking.
3I;:+
Finally they said : "Gid'e.on t h e son of Jo'ash i s JDep7:3
1a:4
the one that has done this thing." So the men sfii
of the city said to Jarash: "Bring your son out 2Ch 31:l
that he may die,@because he has pulled down 'g:$::g
the altar of Ba'al and because he has cut down gh3?j2

,,

Or, l'and he proceeded to mIl it.',

Or, '{be A.shetr&."

"JgB:li

"E"23:2
*&a 43:9

nne l3:5

JUDGES 6 :31--38

the sacred pole that was by it." a1 At this Jo'asR"

said to all those who stood against him:" "Will
YOU be the ones to make a legal defense for
Ba'd t o see whether YOU yourselves may save
him?' Whoever m k e s a legal defense for him

ought to be put to deathC even this rnorning.O

If he is God,& let him make a Iegal defense for
himself,* because someone has pulled down his
~ s 41:23
Isa
4a 6 : ~ altar."
And he began to call him Jer.ub.bata1b+
"LetBa'aimakealegalde1 ~1o:o
Jer
~ 8onthatdayssaying:
: ~
fense in h h own behalf, because someone has
*?&i
F
:l
,
L,
mlrci 1 8 9 7 pulled down his altar.'Jm
"Ce 25:2
33 And all Mid'i.anx and Am'a-Ieku and the
Easterners*
gathered together as one and pro*g
XU 2 4 : ~ ceeded
~
to
cross
over and camp in t h e valleyc of
De 25:17
'Ge 292
Jez're.el.O 8 4 And Jehovah's spiritk envelopedd
J g 8:3
Gidre.on so that he went blowing the
J 7.12
& T ~and the A'bi-ez'rites f n got to be called together
1
Joslg:ls
x
11 ~ 4 5 after him. a6 And he sent out messengersr
2 ~ 1through a11 of Ma.nasrseh, and they, too, got to
be called together after him. He also sent out
messengers0 through Ash'er and Zebfu.lun and
Naph'ta-li, and they came on up to meet hirn.g
36 Then Gid'eon said to God : "If you are
saving Israel by means of me, just as you have
pE,
4
,
:
,
NU
~g 327
10:s promised," here I am keeping a fleece of wool
nJos 17:2 exposed on the threshing
If dewu comes
J 8'2
r26h ~ O : B to be on the fleece alone but on all t h e earth
sJe 6:14
there is dryness, then I must know that you will
tEx 4:3
U D e 3 2 : h a vIsrael
e
by means of me, just as you have
promised." as And it turned out ta be that way.

01Sa11:13
AIsa 3:W
CIKi 18:26
1K11823
PS 115:5

;;;z

&

"

's

775

"God?' If, Etaohhim';L X X , the-0s'; Vg, ds'zsa. Meaning "Let

Or, "low plain." Or,
Ba'al make a legel defense against h".
'%clothed." Or, "sho' bar?' l Literally, "and A'bi-ereer." ' [ E m''
IXX(A)Yg;% h e m p MLXX(B)*. h1100d.7' M, laG~~.o.iim';
LXX, ho Tk8.08'. See Genesis 17 : 18, footnoted,
a

JUDGES 6 :39-7

:4

When he rose up early the next day and wrung

the fleece, he got to drain off enough dew from

the fleece t o fill a large banquet bowl with water. SB However, Gidte.on said t o God: a "'Do not
let your angerD blaze against me," but let me

I
OlSa 11%
vGe 18:32

speak just once more. Let me, please, make a

test only once more with the fleece. Let, please,
dryness occur to the fleece alone and upon all
~
the earth Iet there come to be dew."^ 46 SO God yIsa 43:19
id that way on that night, and dryness came to
be on the fleece alone and upon all the earth
dew occurred.
Then Jer.ub.ba'al,a that is to say, Gidre.on,' Z;gpi;=lr
and dl the people who were with him, rose wZJSa6;;al
early" and took up eamping at the well of Ha'- o& Q:IO
rod,b and the c m p of Mid'i.an happened t o be
on the north of him, at the hillo of Motreh/ ZghpiS
in the law plain. Jehovah now said to GidPe.on:
"The people who are with you are too many for
me to give Mid'i.an into their hand.0 Perhaps O:g+$:F1
Israel would brag* about itself against me, say- +?~;2;?
ing, 'My hand it was that saved me." And now RO 11:u
call out, please, in the hearing of the peopIe,
saying, 'Who is there afraid and trembling? Let ip4iT;N
him retire."'" Sa Gid'e.on put them to the gO!$g
pr0of.c With that twenty-two thousand of the $","&
people retired and there were ten thousand that
remained.
4 Still Jehovah said to Gid'e.on: "There are
yet too many peaple.' Have them go down to *ps33:16
the water that I may put them to the proof for
you there. And it must occur that of whomever

&:z$7

"God," M, ha-E?.a.him'; LXX, k o I A e . o s J . See Genesis 17:19,

footnoted. b Meaning "Trembling". So ~ i t minor
h
coi~ection~l
of
the M text, But M literally reads: "and let him depart early from
Mount Gilte.ad [possibl~,a aisrending of 'G)il.bo'a9]
a

."

777

776

,
~

JUDGES 7:5--11

I say to you, 'This one wiU go with you,' he Js

one that will go with you, but every one of whom
I say to you, 'This one will not go along with
*sob a 3 : ~you,' he is one that will not go along,"' So he
UPS 7 9
had the people go down t o t h e water."
Pa 66:lO
Jer 6:27
Then Jehovah said to Gidre.on: "Every one
QSa 23:a that laps up some of the water with his tongueo
olSa I7:43 just as a dof laps, you will set him by himself,
~
also every
one that bends down upon his knees
to drink." "And
the number of those lapping
with their hand to their mouth turned out t o
be three hundred men. As for all the rest of the
people, they bent down upon their h e w to
drink water.
7 Jehovah now said t o Gid'e.on: "By the
three hundred men who did the lapping I shall
save YOU people, and I will give Mid'i.an into
NBF$& your hand.AAs for all the other people, let them
go each one t o his place." 'So they took the provisions of the people in their hand,a and their
w a l Z 3 t r u r n p ~ t s and
, ~ ~ all the men of Israel he sent
OLe 23:24
JOS 6:4
away
each
one
to his home;b and he kept hold
Jg 3:n
h a 27:13 of the three hundred men. As for the camp of
+ ~ 6:
g33
Mid'i.an, i t happened t o be down belaw him in
PJob 4:13
~~b 33:15 the low plain.'
9 And it came about during that nighte that
x$g:i:0"3 Jehovah proceeded to say to him: "Rise up, descend upon the camp, f o r I have given it into
$,4?&
zch 2 0 : ~your hand.gl o But if you are afraid t o descend,#
*Ex 4:10
JY. 4:s
you and Pu'rah your attendantc descend to the
'Ex 4:14
camp.* l1 And you must listen to what they will
J 49
speak, and afterward your hands will certainly
f3;l6
::$g3 grow s t r o n e and you will be bound t o descend
~

So JILXXSy. This may be the corruption of an original Hebrew

reading, as follows: '4Sohe took the large water jars of the people
out of their hands." b Literally, ('tents," Or,"young man; Ind; bog,"

JUDGES 7:B-17

978

779

upon the camp.'' At that he and Ptl'rah his

attendant made their decent to the edge of
those in battle formationcwho were in the camp. 'EX
12 Now Mid'i.an" and Am'amlekeand all thet;~'t,~{~:16
EasterneW were plumped in the low plntn ns vpg;jr
numerous as lccust~,~
and their camels* were a :s;.as
ifcr I : M
without number, as numerous as the grains of w,l,r
.,r.,zs
*3"6:"
sand that are on the seashore, tWid'e.on now
c m e , and, bok! there was A man relating a
dreamo to his companion, and he went or1 t o OPS
say: "Here is a dream that I h ~ v edreamed."
And, look! there was a re~utdcakeA of barley
bread turning over and over into the camp of Fb;4t::g
Rlid'i.m. Then it came to a tent and stnick it
that it might fall, and it went turning it upside
clotvn, and the tent fell flat." '%t this his cornpanion answered0 and said: ''This js nothing ONu 23-3
z?;h
else but t h e swm-doof Gid'e.ont the son of Jo'ash, ?j3;::l9
a man of Israel. The God" has given Mjd'i an
m x 115:1.1
and alI the camp into his hand,'''
Jar 2:s
15 And it came about that as soon as Gld%.on iz F:;
heard the relating of the dream and its explanation" he began to worship." After t h ~ 11c
t re- ~ ~ e $
turned to the camp of Israel and sald : "Get up,' 2Y;";;2
for Jehovah has given the camp of Midli.an Into ~S\I;;
YOUR

1
~

hand." le Then he divided the three hun-

dred men up Inta three bands and put tmmpetscZ in t h e hands of all of them and large uJs7:s
r?mpty jarsA and torcI~esinside the large jars. "Ce24rlQ
And he went on to say to them: "You should
e,ils
lean1 from watching me,Qand that is how Yotr on
hfi i i :
should darno
And when I am come t o the edge of ;f,"b1:&
n *'The

4:5

God.7131, bn-EI.o.himt, the dcilnitc I.lcbrcw artiolo Ircs prareding the title "God". L4XS(A)," J ~ h a v ntl" ; J'g, D ~ ' ? r r f ~ r("Tllc
n~
1,ord'" ; L,LK(B), bo ~lre.oa'. b Or, "to how down (proatrntc him~ c l f ) . ' ' a Or, "sbdphars." dlitemllg, "From IIIC rou ~Ftould6 ~ e . '

JUDGES 7 :18-24

the camp? then ft must occur that just as I shall

do, so YOU will do. When I have blown the

trumpet, T and dl who are with me, then YOU

y o ~ e l v e sdso must blow the trumpets round
'JgTm about all the camp* and mu must say, 'JehaelSa
2Ch Im
T1
47
7 vah"3 and Gid'e.on's!' "
19 In t h e Gid'e-on came with the hundred
men who were with him t o the edge of the camp
the start of the middle night watch." They
'F; g:? at
had
gotten through posting the! sentries.
+
?:;; g And just
* ~ 7:s
they proceeded to blow the trumpetsc and
*JG 1 : ~there was a dmhinga t o pieces of the large waPS 2 9
ter jars that rwrc in their hands.' " At that the
csu 1a:lO
,three bands blew the trumpets' and shattewd
JOS 6:-i
ig2t3 the large jarsd and took Iwsh hold an the torchd
their rightQ
:g&t;$es with their left hand ~ n with
hand on the trumpets t.o blow them, and they
began calling out: "Jehovah's swordoand Gid'e" All the while they kept standing each
*Fa\t;,3,on's!"
one in his place all around the camp, and thc
tvhaIe camp got on the run and broke out into
*2G$4,25shouting and went fleeing." ""And the three
m
hundred continued t o blow the trumpets," and
$~ G:4r
'Jus
Jehovah proceeded to set the sword of each one
~g 7:s
*1%14:16
J C m23
~
against the other in all the camp,* and the Camp
kept up their flight as far EEBth-shit'tah, on t o
h aEM
Fs
9:4
1 s a 1 9 : ~ Zer'e+rahtbas far as the outskirts of A'belrne.ho'laha by Tab'bath.
23 Meantime the men of Israel were called
together from Naph'ta.lid and Ash'erb and all
A,Jr2$3a
QJos19:24
+Jos 171 of Ma,nas'sehlt and they went chasinp after
=I% 14:aa Mfdl-m.Z* h d GidPe.onsent messengers into
all the mountainous region of Eflphra.im; sayt L D a s h g . " The Hebrm v ~ r hhere is in the infinitive absolute, and
henee indefinite as to tima b Appnrwtly the same as 'r7m'e.tbnn".
(1Kings 4 : 12) But: 20 Hebrew rnnnuscripta read ''2er'e.dah."

781
ing: "Go down t o meet Mid'i-an and capture
ahead of them the waters as far as Beth-bar'ah
and the Jordan." So all the men of E'phra-im
were called together and they got to capture
t h e waters* as far as Beth-bar'ah and t h e Jar- *Jn
dm. ' T h e y also got to capture the two princes3 9 f K
of Mid'i.an, namely, Orreb' and Ze'eb, and they 'P*
proceeded t o kill' Wreb on the rockn of O'reb,
and they kiIIed Ze'eb at the wine vat of Ze'eh,
and they kept on pursuing Mid'lan, and they
brought the head of O'reb and that of Ze'eb ta
GidJe.an in the region of the Jordan.&*
4 g 24
Then the men of E'phra.irnP said to him: ' 4 ~ o u : l
"What sort of thing is this t h a t you have
done to us in not calling us when you went to
fight against Mid'i.an?"+ And they vehemently *aJS,"bi!;9
tried to pick a quarrel with him. ' Finally he
said t o them: "What now have I done In corn- f;&
15.1
parison with YOU?' h e not the gleanings of @Pr
Pr raizs
*JK7 : B
E'phradm' better than the grape gathering of #Jn
6:ll
A'bi-e'zerlf a It was into YOUR hand that Godb i;,"jg
gave Midridan'sprinceso D'reb and Ze'eb, * and fm;27;;im
what haw I been able lo do in comparison with
RJ t i
YOU?'' It was then that their spiritoDcalmed DJg*:2a
W r 14:s
down toward him when he spoke this word.
4 Eventually Gid'ean came to the Jordan, g;
crossing it, he and the three hundred men that W e m : ~
were mi t h h h , tired but keeping up the pursuit.
i?;?
Later he said to the men of Suc'c~th:~
"PIease $: g,
give round loaves of bread3 to the people that OxU
are following my steps,@for they are tired and. O,D,%?,
I am chasing &er Ze'bah- and Zal.munfna~
the
kings of hTidfi.an." But the princes of Suc'coth wJ;$;;,:S
c an:t I
said : "Are the palms of Ze%ah and of ZaI.mun'-

zf&g;$!2e

'

Or, "in the borderland of Jordan? or, "in Jordan-land!"

BZSp ; "Jehovah:
TLXXVg.

xJ B.23
1g.Q

53:m

11il M:1l

JUDGES 8:7-15

na already in your hand so that bread has t o be

given to your army?""At this Gid'e.on said:
"That is why when Jehovah gives Ze'bah and

Zal.rnun'na into my hand I shall certaidy give

flesh3 a threshing with the thorns of the
'JJ$ *I6
wildermess and the briers."'"" And he continued
ace a2:n on his way up from there to Pe.nu'elAand went
1KI 1 2 : s
speaking to them in this same manner, but the
men of Pe.nu'e1 answered him just as the mien of
Suc'coth had answered. " Hence he said also to
BlKI n:n the men of Pe.nuSel:"When I return in peace,*
OJg B:46
I shall pull d o m this to we^.''"
*fa 8:17
SJf & : 5
10 Now Ze'bah' and Zal.mmtna' were in
-Ps 53:11
1Cal9kor, and their camps with them, about
fifteen thousand being all who were left over
Y g 7:12
out of the entire camp of the Easterners: and
those already fallen were a hundred and twenty
thousand men who used to draw the sword.*
'8E8ile
ZCh 3 : B
" And Gld'e.on continued on up by t h e way of
1~n
81:38
D N u 32:.18 those residing In tents to the east of No't3ahu and
"Nu 39:3S Jog'be.11nh" ~ n began
d
t o strike the camp while
#Jg 18:27 the camp happened t o be off guard.+ " When
*JOE 10:1a Zc%bah and Znl.munfna took to flight,' he at once
went in pursuit of them and got t o capture
*JOB 10.18 MJd'Lank two kjngs,' Ze'bah' and Zal.munfna,
83:il
and he drove ~ l the
l camp into trembling.
13 Arid Gid'e.on the son of Jo'ash began his
return from the war by the pass that goes up
-Jg 1:33
to H e ' r ~ s , ~ "En route he captured' a y m g
J' 123
143 &a1
man of the men of Suc'mthaand made inquiries
W e 3.7:17
$09 1227 of him. So be wrote out for him the names of
J g R:d
the princesa of Suc'coth and its older men,
2!<1 7 . M
I L sW:H
1% 109:7 seventy-seven men, In With that he went to the
AJK 6:G
men of Suc'coth and said: "Here are Ze'bah and
O l S a 17:M YOWE

*Qod,"
b

That icr, a'aomething prodding," puseibly, "threshing sledges."

Or, "by the ttsaent UP LIe'rew."

JUDGES 8 :16--25

782

Zal-mtxn'na respecting whom YOU taunted me,

said: ' W e shall surely give them!' With that
saying, % the palms of Zdbah and of Zalthey spread out a gament and went throwing
I
mun'na already in your hand so that bread has
each one the nose ring of his spoil into it, e6 And
I
to be given t o your worn-out men?' "" l o Then bJs a:a
the weight of the nose rings of gold that he had
he took the alder men of the city and thorns of
requested amounted to one thousand seven hunATga 3:18
the wilderness and briers and with them he put
dred gold shekels,& besjdes the moon-shaped
the men of Suc'coth through an experlcncc. 6$f
o r n m e n t s A and the eardrops and the garments
E67i
:
J I h d the tower of Pe.nu'el' he pulled down and
of woo1 dyed recldish pztrpleP that were upon
A;+.TK ;;g
Re 1?:4
J0h
19:~
he proceeded to kiU. the men of the dty.'
H8
the
kings of Mid'l-an and besides the necklaces
iJ&%:6
18 He now said to Ze'bah and Zal.munrna:' 1 I<! la:2B
that were en t h e necks of the camels.'
J,IT:~;
f g 18:14
"What sort of men were they whom YOU ltilled :jut;
1% 23:s
27 And Gidte.onproceeded t o make it into an
fn Ta8bor?"*To this they said: "As you are, so Y+!i;=12
;"E"1y6;?~ eph'odQand to exhibit it in his city Oph'rah,"
were they, each one, like the sons of a king in
~~{~~~and dl Israel began to have unfaithful interform.'"IBAt that he sdd : 'They were rn y broth)
&<?? m u m e ~ ~ i t h i t b t l ~ e r e . ' s o t h a t i t s e r v e d a s a
ers, the sons of m y mother. As Jehovah lives,
snareDt o Gid'e.0~and to his household.'
:
g
&21
If you had preservedG them alive, 3 would not m l a : D
Jgg:33
28 Thus Mid'i.ano was subdued before t h e
nJg
6
:
i
have to kill you." aOThenhe said to Je'ther his
Ps 83:9
SOTIS of Israel, and they did not lift up their
first-born:" "Get up, kill them." And the young O m 8 : a
head ~
any more,
' $ ~
~ ~and the land hnd no further disman did not draw his mord, because he was
turbance
far
forty yearso in the days of Gid'e.onaA
yyi$2
nfraid, for he was yet a young man.'
Zer- 'JgQ:M
29
And
Jer.ub.ba'alo
the son of Jotash went
bah and Zal.rnun'na said: ' G e t up yourself and
his
way
and
continued
t
o dwell In his house.
*l*sI:d
J
J~
~
1
l
2
9
o
:
~
assault us, for as a man is,so is his mightiness."*
30
And
Gld'eon
enme
to have seventy sons3*
According1y Gid8e.on got up and k~lIcdP
Ze'bah o
$
~
~
~ that issued
~
~out of his upper thigh, for he came
ep&12y
and Zal.mmtna and took the moon-sham ornaOJg IS:'
to have many wives.' s' As for the concubinegk
ments' that were on the necks of their camels." "%m:17
B1mlZ:l of his that was in SheFchern,3she too bore him
22 Later t h e men of Mael said t o Gld'e.on t @$,"*aj
:$YEl
5 ason. So h e n a m d him A-&lrn'c.I~ch.~~?EYentu"Rule over us,you and your son and your wandCQ2294 ally Gid'e-an the son of Jogash died a t a good
;y;;%
son as well, for you have saved us out of the hand ',lCi
;old age and was buried in the burial glace of
of Mid'i.an."m But Gid'e.on said t o them: "I 1Sn".'10:18
Jo'ash his lather in Oph'rah of the A'bl-ez'rites.'
'
myself shall not rule over you, nor will my son F; $!B,: ,
33 And it came about t h a t as soon as Gid'e.on
rule over POW,' Jehovah is the one who will rule ;2n!;fq
had
died the sons of Israel again took up havinp
over YOU."* h a Gidte.on went on to say t o ;;;$jl;~;
n3g 8:n
OJg
unfaithful intercaursen with the Batah,"so that
them: "Let me make a request of YOU: Give mi;uz;l:zz
me, each one of YOU, the nose ring of his %i;i?
= "Shekek," Vg; but missing in ~ E L L Y B Fb, Or, "to commit farnibooty.'" (For they had nose rings of aaldf becation (immoralib) with it." a Or,liternlly, "the ~onaof Ismel procause they were Bh'm.el.ites.)
Then they' g; Fii:
ceeded h t m back and have!'

'

z?,Al?::l

,$&:"

I-

JUDGES 8:%9:6

784

785

they appointed Ba'd-be'rithr as their godmarJgk4

And the sons of Israel did not mmernkP - a l : l g
Je1movah3 their God,S who had delivered them ~ ~ T B
out of the hand of all their enemies mund about,
8b and they did not exercise loving-kindness''3 oRus:10
toward the household of Jer.ub,ba'aI, Gidte.on,
in return for all the goodness t h ~he
t hod exert~ (1.18
cised toward Tsrae1.t
d ~Di15
In time A1bimte.lechthe on of Jer.ub.ba'al
went to She'ehem* to the brothers of his *g,Bi!;!8
mother and began speaking to them and t o a11 Fi ;fl
the family of the house of his mother's father,
saying: = "Speak, please, in the hearing of all
the IandownemQof SSh'chm, V h i c h i s better 'Ig lo%
for YOU, for seventy men," all the sons of Jer- DJRkm
ub-bakl, to r u l e ever rou or for one man to
rule over you? And YOU must remember that
ACL! m:14
YOUR bone and YOUR flesh I am,'""
2 9 lQ:13
3 So the brothers of his motl~erbegan speak- ILH 11:~
ing all these words about him In the hearing of
all the landownersc of She'chem so t h a t thefr
lieart lnclined toward Aobim'ealech,for they
sald: "He is~urownbmther."~
Then they gave bGe28:lM
him seventy pieces of siIveP from the house of WrJa 2 3 %
Ba'al-be'rith,' and with them A.blrn'e.lech pro- ;;,qitE7
ceded to hire unsteady and insolent men? t h ~ l t ,
ip,~y;;jy

'$:

&a

~I
I

&f

:\/:

"God." If,el.o.himJ. LXX, tke.oaF; Vg, ds'ua; ehowinp. L X X and

Vg took ef.o.lsa'm' to be in the Ittra1 ntm~bero f exoollencc. b Or,
"lop1 lore." * " h d o m e m "
ba'al.in'; IrTXVg, "men."
a

chem and sill the house of Millon g a t h i d together and went and made A.bim'e.lech reign
as king, dose by the big tree,' the pillar that
was in She'chemP
OJK 9:l
1Ki 12:25
7 When they reported I t to Jo'tham he at once
A D e 11:29 went and stood on the top of Mount Ger'i.zima
J o s 83.3
Joh 4:ZO and raised his voice and called out and said to
them: "Ljsten to me, YOU lnndownew of Shetchem, and let Gad listen to YOU:
cZSa 5 2 1
8 "Once upon a time the treeP went to
anoint a king over them, So they sald t o the
01% 8 :14 oliveg tree, 'Dobe kings over us.' " u t the olive
Em m2 tree said to them, 'Must I give up my fatnessb
LR a : 1
P S IWE with which they glorify God and men, and must
I go to wave over the other trees?' 1Then the
+tu 13:6
trees said t o the flg tree,' 'YOUcome, be queenb
aver w.' I q u t the fig tree said t o them, 'Mwt
I give up my sweetness tlnd my good produce,
and must I go t o wave over the other b e e s ? '
l* Next the trees %aid
to the vine, 'You come, be
OJg 1354 queenb over us.'
turn the vinea said to
them, 'Must I give up my new wine that gladmh'rr 15:s
Ps 1M:lS dens God and men,' m d mt~stI go to wave ever
Pr $ 1 6
Ec 10:19 the trees?' I-' Finally all the ether trees said to
x?Ki 14:s the bramble,' Y o u come, be kinga aver us.'
*Isa m:2
Da 4 3 2
I-t
this the bramble said t o the trees, Tfit is
H o 14:T
Elsa 12:M in truth3that YOU arc anointing me as king over
*Nu 21:28
YOU, come, seek refuge under my shadow," But
J g 9.49
Eze 10:14 if not, let firec' come out oi the bramble and
C l S a 30:l
C21<l 14:9
Ps lM:16 consume the cedarsn of L e b a n ~ n , ' ~
Isa 2:13
16 "And now if I t Is in truth and with inIea 3 7 : ~
Eze 31:3 tegrity that aow have acted and that YOU went
AUe 1:7
king and if it is goodnm
De 1194 making A.birn1eqlech
90s 1:4
that YOU have exerdsed toward Jer.ub.ba'a1 and
1KI 5:6
Ca 4:8
his householdb and 1f YOU have done to him as
bJg 8 : s
J 9-20

they might accompany him, After that he A C 1 . 1 ~ 5

went to the house of his father at Oph"ahu and ?I
?G
killed his brothers: the sons of Jerbubmba'al,
seventy men, upon one stone,o but Jo'tham the @Is"7:12
youngest son of Jer.ub.ba'a1 was left over, because he had hid.
6 Subsequently all the landowners of She'-

JUDGES 9:7-16

5:s.

llCE 9:15
114 1 1 : n
xi1 32:s
; *30524:26
~

'01,

(<-

(mlrscaline). bOr, "r@igo" (feminine),

787

"So the landowners of She'chem set ambush

men*
far him upon the taps of the mountains,
Eecji2and they
would rob everyone that would pass
by them on the road. In time it was reported
to A.bimte.lech.
Y J 9:35
~
26 Then Ga'aly the son of E%ed and his
brother^ came and crossed over into She'chem,"
",G,c,35$,
Jos 24:1 and the landowners of She'chem began to trust
Jg 8%
in him. And they went out as usual into the
field and engaged in gathering the grapes of
CJg14:5 their vineyards" and in treading them and in
'JerZ5:30 carrying on a festal exuItationjz after which
*Jg 8:33
~e9:;6 they went into the house of their godas and ate
' E x 32.6
EX 32119 and drank" and called down evilGupon A-birn'ena 5:4
Isa
zz:13
l&. 28 And Ga'al t h e son of E'bed went on to
Lu 12:19 say: "Who is A.birn'e.lechA and who is She'cLe24:ll
~ " , " ~chemb
~ ; ~that
~ we should serve him? Is he not the
son
of
Jer.~b.ba'al,~
and is not Ze'bul* a cornL;ggi,lo
6.32
missioner
of
his?
Serve
t h e men of Ha'rnor,'
d e 7:l
l S a l ~ : l l She'chern's father, YOU others, but why should
*JE 9:41
we ourselves serve him? '"And if only this peoEGe 34:2
,F$2,4j64ple were in my hand!cx Then I would remove

the doing of his hands deserved, '?when myr

father fought' for YOU and went risking his tJg7:1
soula* that he might deliver YOU out of Mid'i- 'g; F;i
an's"hand; lS and YOU for YOUR past have risen Xg;i",ig
up against the household of my father today'
that aou might kill his sons,seventy men," upon wga 6 0
one stone and that YOU might make A.bim'elech, the sen of his slaveo girl,k king over the Ef:;:,
lando\vners of She'chem just because he is YOUR
own brother; l D yes, if it is in truth and with
integrity that YOU have acted toward &rubba'al and his household this day, be glad over
A-bim'e.lech and let him too be glad over you.
2G But if not, let firel come out of A.bimte.lech
; ; 1 :;;g

e&~;zzt

and consume t h e landowners of Shetchem and

the house of Mil'loz and let fire come out of the """
landowners of She'chem and the house of Mil'lo
and consume A.bimte.lech."
21 Then Jo'thamn took t o flight and went n J g ~
running off and made his way t o Beter and he
took up dwelling there because of A.bfrnte.lech
his brother.
22 And A.birnte.lechkept playing t h e princeb
over Israel three years. Then God let developc
a bad spirit3' between A.bimre.lech and the land- :p&1:i;4
otvners of She'chem, and the Imdo~vners of :$ ;g;z
She'chern p~oceededt o deal treacherollslyn with mi 22:23
10:15
A.bimte.lech, a' that the violence done to the 2Ch
Isa 18:14
seventy sons of Jer.ub.baral might cornedA and $
~
that he might put their blood" upon A'bim'elech their brother because he killed them, h d g; !ig
upon the landowners of She'chern because they oi;?~.;;
strengthened his hands' to kin his brothers. + J E S : ~

Or, "life." M, ~ e ~ h ' e s hLXX,

;
psg.ctaJt; Vg,a'wi.mo. b Or, <'kept
exercising domidon.'> 0 liter all^, "God sent.'" '(That he miglit.
bring the riolence done to tha seven^ sons of Jer.uh.batal," L X X .

JUDGES 9:25-31

A.bimte.1ech." And he went on ta sayd t o A . b h t e.lecR: "Make your a m y numerous and come

out."
30 Now Ze'bul the prince of the city got to
hear the words of Ga'al the son of E'bedu and
his anger blazed. So he sent messengers by
1
subterfuge"
to A.bimte.lech, saying: "Look!
OH

Qdg 9:28

"'God," 31, st.o.hiwrp; L X X , ths.osT; Vg, de'us. See Judges 8: 33,

b "Shetchem,') BLSpVg; "the son o f Xhe'ehern,'" L n .
Uternlly, "And who will give tbia eo le into my hand?" d L X X
" and say"; lTg, ( l 'that I
reads: ( ' A d I would relnove A-bimPe.lech
1~1ightremove A.bim'a.lech !' And it was said." * ''By snbterfnge to
A.himte.lech," Or, possibly "to A.bim'oolechin Tor'mah." A suggested reading is, "m A.ruI mnh," See verse 41.
a

footnotea.

I
Ga'aE the son of Erbedm d his brothers are now
I
come to She'chem' and here they are massing *F&T;42,
the city against you. 3J And now rise up by 5y82&l
,
b
nightPoyou and the people that are with you, n ~ o W:IQ
and lie 111 waitAin the field. And it must occur
!,
in the morning that as soon as the sun shines
forth you should get up early and you must
make a dash against the city,O and when he and bJos$=r
the people that are with him are going out
against you, then you must do to him just as
1W.7
your hand' Ands it possible.'"
1Sa 25:5
Ec
8:10
34 Accordingly A.bim'e.lech and all the pea.
ple that were with him rose up by night and
they began to lie in wait against She'chem in
four bands." Later Ga'al. t h e son of E'bed $J"P$j;
went out and stood at the entrance of the city
gate. Then A.birn'e.lech and the people that
were with him rose up from the ambuscade." *JOSp:19
ss When Ga'al caught sight of the people, he at
once said lo Ze'bul: "Look! people coming dawn
from the tops of the mountains." But Ze'bul
said to him : "The shado\vs of the mountains are
what you are seeing as though they were men,"
37 Later Ga'al spoke once more and said:
"Look! people corning down out of the center
of the land and one b m d is corning by the way
of the big tree of Me.~n'e.niin."~ A t this Ze'bul
said to him: "Where now Is that saying of yours
that you rnouthed,b9 'lVho fs A.bim'e.lech that '81aX:*2
we should serve him?" 11s not this the people
whom you d e s p i ~ e d ?Go
~ out now,please, and 4Jge:ZB
fight against them."
39 So Ga'al went on out at the head of the
landotvners of She'chem and took up the Aght
a Meaning lLTlioa~
practioing mngia".-Deut, 18:14, b Or, "that

against A.blmte.lech.a0 And A.bhte.lechset out

after him and he went fleeing before him and
the dain kept falIing in numbers as far as the
14:13 entrance of the gate.'
4 1 And A.bimre+lechcontinued to dwell h
2 3 : ~A.ru'mah,aU and Wbul* proceeded to drive
*J~:9:28
Wa9:26
Garalnand his brothers out from dwelling in
Ace
JOS3~5:4
2 ~ 2 1S h e ' c h e ~ . ~Arid it cnme about on the next day
Jns 2.1:1
that t h e people began to go out into the fleld.
bJg8:31
~ g 9 : 1 SO they told A.birn'e.Ee~h,~
'Wence he took the
Y K ~ O : ~ people and divided them up into three ban&+
4 Y g 736
and began to lie in wait, Then he looked, and
there the people were going out of the city. He
now rose up against them and struck them
down, " And A.bimFe.lechand the bandsh that
were with him made a dash that they might
stand at the entrance of the city gate, while two
bands made a dash agalnst all who were in the
mfr 9:15 field and they went striking them down.m And
Ga st15
#a s:zo A,bIm'e.lech fought against t h e city all that day
m1Y9 1 ~ 2 5
and got t o capture t h e city, and he killed the
2 1 ~ 325
1
PC9:16
people that were in it,'after which he pulled the
p, 2:20
CJob 3':8
city downa and sowedr it with salt.'
46 When all the landowners of the towero of
6
:1
!&
;
She'chem
heard of it they immediately went t o
PS 301's
1 ~346
~ t 4 a t h the vault of the hcruse of El-be'rith.*'
Then
W,Ig 8 2-3
it was reported to A.bErnre-lech that all the
,rc9:4
landowners of the tower of Sherchem had eol$filt]izi
37:s
lected together. 4 s At that A.bimpe.lechwent up
m14 Mount Zal'mon," he and all the people that were
with hlm. A.bimfeblechnow took an ax In his
hand and cut down n branch of the trees and
lifted it up and put f t on his shoulder and said

mouth o f yours when yon said."

nnnt!'

dl%

Supposedly, c'Ru'~nh,"-Z Kinga 23 : 98, bHBmds," N; %ndY

Vg, JIeaning "aod of a corenant". ELT(A), "Ba'al o f A cove-

JUDGES 9 : 4 9 4 7

790

to the people that were with hlm: "What YOU

have seen me d-humy up, do like me!"@4 g So
d the people cut down also each one a branch

bPfl:ll

for himself and went folImving A.bfm'e.lech,

Then they put them against the vault and along
with them they set the vault on fire,' so that all *$! g#
the men of the tower of She'chem died too, Gns:t5
about a thousand men and women.
50 And A.bim'e.lech proceeded t o go to Thec
b& and t o camp against The'bez and capture m2sn11!21
it. As a strong tower' happened to be in the 'J,n,E!,
middle of the city, thew was where all the men J K 9 : ~
and women and all the Zandwulers of the city
went fleeing, af-ter which they shut It khind
them and climbed onto the roof of the tower.
S 2 And A.bimte.lech made his way to the tower
and began fighting against it, and he went on
up close to the entrance of the tower t o burn
It with fire.* 5 3 Then a certain woman pitched wlre:ae
an upper millstone upon A.bim'e.lech's head and ';""
broke his skull in pieces.' So he qulckly called O$82;:!,
the nttendant bearing his weapons and said to f;;z;iJ
him: "Draw your sword and put me to d e ~ t h ,
for fear they should say abwt me," 'It was a 413an:4
10:s
woman that Idled3 him.' '%mediately his at*a
18:18
tendant ran him through, so that he died.
EJKo:5
55 When the men of Israel got to see that f~z!;
A.bim'e.lechmhad died, they now went each one cc;u 3 - 2
to hb place.'
BUS
God made the evil of "g:;&
A.blm'ellech" that he had done t o his father by :$ !:.$!
killing his seventy brothers come home."? And f;:
all the evil of the men of She'chem God made
come back upon their own heads, that the male- :J,#,"ib:,,
dictionm of Jo'tham* the son of Jer.ub.ba'aloa,J,Y ;;fa
mlght come upon themA
AJR
JK ~
~ ,4. a
5
J"

!zi

Mow afXer A*blm'e.lech there rose up to

saveQIsrael TorIa the son of Pupah,the

s. *And he came t o have thirty sons

on thirty full-grown asses," and they

me1 agaln proceeded to

eyes of Jehovah," and
n'alseAand the Ash'tosn of Syria4 and the
ds of Matab' end the
and the gods of the
up their abandonerve him. ' At this
s t Ismel,' so that

Iy oppress& the
the Jordan in the land of the Am'or-ites that
was in Gil'ead. And the sons of Amtmon would
cross the Jordan t o Aght even against Judah
and Benjamin and the house of E"phra.irn, nnd
"Cities," LcXXSy-'tFgT{Emtern); "fuU-grown saw," M, b Meaning "Tent-villages of Jn'ir".

JUDGES 10:10-18

792

793

Israel was greatly distressed." l o And the sons "?&?Jli;65,

of Israel began to calI t o Jehovah for aid,* say- *$;A:,
ing: "We have sinned* against you, because we
have abandoned our God and we serve the *ys";fr6;.
nngz:li
JR 3:7
Ba'al~,''~
1Sa 7:4
AEu 14.30
11 Then Jehovah said to the sons of Israel:
li:s
"Was it not from EgyptAand from the Am'or- $;f;i),,
itesd and from the sons of Am'man' and from gc,SOf;Lg
21:21
the Phi.Iis'tinese i%d the Si.do'ni.ansk and mPSu 135:11
Arn'a.lekl and Mid'i.an,an when they oppressed
J"%
,;
youTand YOU went crying out t o me, that I pro- ";:pii$
ceeded to save aou out of their hand? lS As for ,& ~ : 1
You, YOU abandoned mes and took up serving ,PgS,i!f;t2
other gods,t That is why I s h d I not save YOU ;
:2
again. l4 GO and call for aid to the godsb whom ;ycf;,27
YOU have chosen." Let them be the ones t o save 211i 3:i3
YOU in the t h e of YOUR distress." '
"ut
the y2's","Z'fj1'o"
sons of Israel said to Jehovah: "We have yJOS
1Sa 3:1$
9:25
sinned,~You yourself do t o us according t o any- 5;:; :$;:
thing that is good in your eyesmyOnly deliver3 %
;. ;&
us, pIease, this day."' l0 And t h e y began t o remove the foreign gods from their midst" and to Jer 18:8
serve Jehovah," so that his soul* became h p a - .?F2i8i?
tieat because of the rnisfortwle of Ikrael."
Isa 42:l
1:14
17 In time the sons of Am?monn were called 'caE6bM
together and pitched camp in Gil%.ad.bSo the Jer":20
HO 11:8
sons of IsraeI gathered themselves together and
pitched camp in Miz'pah,' Is And the people and 4g;"3"2::"2'4
the princes of Gil'e.ad began to say to one an- ,@&f
other: "Who is the man t h a t will take the lead ?;A53
Jg11:2O
in fighting against the sons of Am'mon?* Let eJr
1:l
him become the heade of all the inhabitants of
Gil'e.ad."^
?&%25
LXX; "Calnaan," Vg ; "Ma'on," M.
M, ha-el.obJ~bwb';LXX, Roi the-od'; Vg, de'i.

a "hIid'i.an,"

b "The

gods."

Jeph'thah* the Gilre.ad.ite had bea mighty, valiant man,*and he was

the
of a prostituteu woman, and Gil'e.ado
came to be the father of Jeph'thah. And Giltead's wife kept bearing sons to him, When the
sons of the wife got big, they proceeded to drive
Jeph'thah out and to say to him: "You must
have no inheritance in the household of OUT fatker,Afor you are the son of another rvoman."
So Jeph'thah ran away because of his brothers
and took up dwelling in the land of T0b.O And unsteady men kept bringing themselves together to
J e p h l t h a h and they would go out with him.'
4 And it came about after a whiIe that the
sons of Amlmonm began to fight against Israel.
And it came about that when the sons of Amrrnon did fight against Israel,"the older men of
Gil'e.ad bmmediately went to take Jeph'thah'
out of the land of Tab.* Then they said to
Jeph'thah: "Do come and become our cornrnander and let us fight against the sons of Amrmon." But Jeph'thah said to the older men of
GiI'e.ad: "Was it not YOU that hated me so that
YOU drove me out of my father's house?&And
why is it that YOU have come to me now just
when YOU are in distress?" 8 A t this the older
menQof Gille.ad said to Jeph'thah: "That is why
now we have returned to you, and you must go
with us and fight against the sons of Am'mon,
and you must become for us the head of all the
inhabitants of Gille.ad."+ So Jeph'thah said to
the older men of Gil'e.ad: "Ti? YOU are bringing
me back to fight against the sons of Am'mon
and Jehovah does abandon them t o me, I for
my part shall become YOUR head!" lo
In turn the
older men of Gil'e-ad said to Jeph'thah: "Let

come
11sonNow

PLU 17:4

JUDGES 11:1-10

JUDGES 11:11-18

795

194

Jehovah' prove to be t h e listener between us if FOR#

the way we shaIl do is not according to your
word."# l1 Consequently Jeph'thah went with ; ; d l ;
the older men of GilFe.adand the people set him I;!, 1 ~ 5 3
over them as hezd and commander. And Jeph'- &:7E>
thah proceedd to speak alI his wordso before $;E 7;iq

:zJ$:;3
,

JUDGES 11:19-26

m d took up campfng in the region of the Mnonu and they did not come within the h n d Olsa 1338 aryQof Mo'ab, because Ar'nan was the boundvNa 22:M ary of Mo'abaY
14 " 'After that rmel sent messengers to
mu n:n Si'hon the king of the Am'or.ites,' the king of
Dc 2 2 0
uNu 3I:a

Jehovah h bWpah.'
.Ins 1310 Heshrban; and Ismel said to him: "Let us pass,
T.I
, c
I- 23.
1 ~t 1 7
' N U 21 . X
12 Then Jeph"thah sent messengersO t o the 1-fi Jo:1.t
ryu 21::'~ please, through your land to my own place."'
Uc 2:r;
king of the sons of Am'rn~n,~
saying: "What do u s l l zn
And Si'hon did not feel sure about Israel's
M4:47
14
I have to do with you,anseeing that you have $;R2F$0
cmslng through his territory, and Si'hon went
1'1.22
come against me to fight my land?'"'"So the 2's~
to gathering all his people together and campI l i l 17'15
rWu 11!29 ing in Ja'hnz' and fighting against Israel.* "At
king of the sons of Amfmon said to the mes- 2FE 3:17
doll 13-10
sengers of Jephwah: "It is because Israel took $I:'R'?~" *De2:3? this Jehovah t h e God of Israel gave Sj'hon* and
*I1$ 135 11
my land when they came up out of Egypt,O from !:: ;li.;i
1'8 lq"~tk:Y
3 a11 his people into Israel's hand, so that they
OYU
2.1
the br'nonMas far as the Jab'bokw and as far as
struck ThemD ~ n Israel
d
toolc possession of all
UP2:3
"JOS ]:<.I5
the Jordan.' And now do return it peacefully."
J 0s 13 17 the lanil of the Amtor.itesinhabiting that landm4
l 4 But Jeph'thah sent once more messengers to m m ~ 2 . ~ 8
'? Thus they toalc possession of all the territory
2:.r;
bDe 8:3@
the king of the sons of h ' m o n n and said t o nr
r,,3,-rr,
of
thr? Arn'orJtes from the Ar'norr as far as the
Yos
13,lO
HNu 32:82
OlSn 4:s
him:
Jab'bok and fom the wildernessC as far as the
*I'll 1m:7
+ K L8:23
~
a8x!l2 a ; m Jordan.@
"This is what Jeph'thah has said, 'Israel did
1 J ~ 1JL:?
not take the land of Mo'abo* and the land of ,~,;?:
J d r 45:7
23 '"And now Jehovah' the God of Israel it
* K x 2.y 28
the sum of A m ' r n ~ n .l~T o r when they came $,$j9
1 . : ~:4 i!IL was that di~lpossessedthe Am'or.ites from beh'u 33::13
up out of Egypt Israel went walking through 2c1tm:ia
1
0 07:IFj
fore his people I~rael,and you for your part
nfl 0 : 3
the wilderness as far as the Red sea" and got t o "$:%I:"
IJe 18 '12 mould dispossessR them, 21 Is it not whoever
.Ion :1:10 Che'mosh" your godb causes you to dispossess
come t o Ka'deshe4 l7Then Israel sent mes- ,$y$:c,
Jor 13:0
~rras
sengers to the h g of E ' d ~ m saying:
,~
"Let me KNuI Im.1
2Ctl m 7
that you w$ll dilspossess?C And every one whom
I'n 14.2
pass, please, through your land," and the M n g ne 1.46
PlSn T Y
J e h o v ~ hour
~ Gocl has dispossessed from before
of E'dom did not listen. And also t o the king of k:.U2?'u
-xu 22:a us is the one we shall dispo~sess.~' And now
Un
2
.
3
:
3
Mo'ab they sent,' and he did not consent. And
ii?
*Jog 2.1:9
sre you any better than Ba'Iak* the son of
nM!c ti.5
Israel kept dwelIing in Ka'desh.n zB When they
asu ?? 3 Zip'por," the king of Mofab?O Did he ever connc 2 2.1
walked on though the wildernm,r they went snu mao.Ta
tend with Israel, or did he ever fight against
1
I ) t 3,::
21:"
Jns 122 them? 26 While Israel was dwelling in Hesh'bnA
their way around the Iand of E'dom" and the
J o a 1:I:IO
land of MoJab, so that they went toward t h e
a
O
m
"Inherit," LXX; "take p o a s d o n of," Vg, b "God." hI, ale-him';
rising of the sun as reqects the land of Mo'abbt
L,XX,Ira 1be.0~'; Vg, dc'tts; ahoning that rl.o.kimt is in the plural
Literally, W t (isthere) to me and tu yon 1" See Joahur 22 :24,
number of excellence. a 6'Inlbcrit," L+=; %be due (to you) by
went to the a t of the land of hfo'ab."
footnoteb. $Or,
right," 'Vg. dMIahmit,"L X X ; "fall to (our) poseession," I'g.
''I

"

,K:

$
'

JUDGES 11:27-34

796

797

and Its dependent towns and in Alro'eroand its

YE8
dependent towns and in alI t h e cities that are by $y::jl
the banks of Mnon for three hundred years,' J K s:so
why, then, did you never match them away Jj!Y K 5H:S5 1
during that time? As for me, I have not ;! Yf;
sinned3 against you, but you are dealhg wrong
:g:
with me by fighting against me. Let Jehovah ;hTl;;gd
the Judgem judge today between the sons of gt, F;;
Israel and the sons of Am'mon.' "53?123 T
28 And the king of the sons of Am'rnon did 2
not listen ta the words of Jeph'thah that he had g; 2.:
n'r n
sent to him."
i3o 16r:10
29 Jehovah's spiriY now came upon Jeph'$;tg,:23
thaho and he proceeded to pass through Gll'e-ad
and Manas'seh and to pass through Miz'pehAgpl$4;b2
*J, 3:10
of Gil'e.ad, and from Mjz'peh of Gil'e.ad he
passed along to the sons of Am'mon,
30 Then Jeph'thah made a vowo t o Jehovah4
and said: "If you without fail give the sons of
Am'mon into my hand, then it must occur
that the one coming out, who comes out of the
doors of my house to meet me when I return
in peace from the sons of Am'mon, must then
become Jehovah's0 and I must offer that one qM17:4'
up as a burnt' offering."+
+LCa7:2
QSa
M:aa
32 So Jeph'thah passed dong to the sons of
Arn'mon t o fight against them and Jehovah pro- rs ~ 1 3
ceeded to give them into his hand." a3 And he *$; ,Z;&
~ s
went striking them fmm A.ro'erwall the way t o 1 ~ 313~25
m:17
Min'nithm-twenty cities--and as far as A%]ke.ralmim with a very great slaughter. Thus
the sons of Am'mon were subdued before the
sons of Israel.
34 Finally Jeph'thah came t o W p a h n to his $'! ,l!;:f
home, and, look! his daughter comSng out t o
meet him with tambourine playing and dam-

$9

13s

JUDGES I l : 3 M Q

ing!aw Now she was absolutely the only childab

Besides her he had neither son nor daughter.
1gn 18:6
r. e ~ : z 3~3 And it came about that when he caught sight
Jt'r '(1.4
~ 2 $ ~ ' 1 7 : 3 1of her he began t o rip his garments0 and to say:
Jnk'
"Alas, my daughter! you have indeed made me
* Z ? e c n t a bend down,' and you yourself have become the
one I was casting out from social fellowship,
And 1-1 have opened my mouth to Jehovahe
m d I am unable t o turn back."*
JR
PR i1:30
I?:?
-J
36 But she sald to him: "My father, if you
have opened your mouth to Jehovah, do to me
according 20 what has gone forth from your
u"'
mouth,' since Jehovah has executed a& of
for you upon your enernie~,~
the sons
~2%18:31
$ ~ , 1 ~vengeanceC
~1,
of Am'mon." And she went on to say to her
father: "Let this thing be done to me: Let me
alone fo~ortwo months and let me go and1 will descend upon the mountains and let me weep over
my vlrpjnity,' I and my girl companions."
lP$Iy::;3
38 At this he said: "Go!" So he sent her
away for bvo monlhs, and she kept going, she
with her girl companions, and weeping over her
virginity upon the mountains. And it came
u:ae about a t the endu of t~tlomonths that she made
her return to her father, after which he carried
his vow that he had made toward her.' As
';2 out
for her, she never had relations with a man.
And i t came t o be a regulation in Israel: From
year to year the daughterx of Israel would go
Wrs5:n
to gIve commendation toc3 the daughter of
Jephrthahthe GUte.ad.ite,four days in the year.

:%%$$
5:1
J

*&%:T
d

jb

Liternlly, "with

tnrnhourines and dances,"' bUThe o d p ehild."

31, y'hhi.dnhP; LXY, mo.no.ge.nes'; \'g, wni.gerr'Ltn, GOmpare
Cicnwis. 22 '12: 2. a L X t J "to bewail.'' Some propose a correction in the
IIehrew tcxt of 51to read,l"o tn anewer [that is, to converse dth]."
I:orn]?nro Judges 5 : ll and its u ~ oof the same Hebrew verb
(tila.vrnk') t h ~ r cmrdered L'r.cc~unt".
a

JUDGES EU-6

798

799

JUDGES 12:7-13 ;2

2:s
Then the man wiver of Ephrm.h~were
rectly. And they would lay hold of him and slay
called together and crossed over northhim at the fords of the Jordan. So there fell at
ward and said to Jeph'thah: "Why is it that you
that time forty-two thousand out of E'phra.im.
crossed over to fight against the sons of Am'rnon
7 And Jeph'thah continued to fudgeQIsme13
CRn 4 3
and to us you did not issue a call t o go with you?"
for six yews, after which JephYhah the Gil'eYour very house we shall bum over you with
ad.ite died and was buried in his city in Gil'e.ad.a
+To# 19:fi
Are."@ But Jeph'thah said t o them: "I became OJRl4:I5
8 And Ib'zan from Betht1eahem' began t o
dg 15:6
a special contender,"' I and my people, with the +Je n : g
judge Israel after him. "And he came to have
mJg10:4
sons of Am'man. And I proceeded t a call t o YOU
thirty sansmand thirty daughters. He sent outfor aid, and YOU did not save me out of their
side and brought in thirty daughters for his
hand. BU%enI got t o see that you were no
sons from auts1de.b And he continued t o judge
savior, then I determined to put my soult'in my
Israel for seven years. Then Ib'zan died and
o w n handQand go over against the sons of Am'- e&9;i?5
IVE,
busied in EethJle.hem.
mon,' and Jehovah. gave them into my hand. E;;?;::
11 And alter him E'lon the Zeb'u-Bun.ite beSo why have m come up against me this day ~,~:;l:;ns
gan to judge Israel. And he continued to judge
to fight against me?"*
Israel ten years. a ? Then E'lon the Zeb%*lun.itea
TIC. 12:i i
mGe30:m
XU 2627
* J K 11.29
E+ 3 3 : ~ died and was buried in Aitja.lon in the land of
4 Immediately Jeph'thah collected all the w
~ i i v ~
JOS is:=
Jg 5:14
Zeb'u.1~.
men of GVe.ado' together and fought Etphra.lm, ?L',"&::i7,
3~12
13 And after hjrn Ab'don the son of Hll'lel
and t h e men of Gilre.adwent striking E'phra.lm
the
Pir'a.thon.ite"- began to judge Ismel. " And
down, for they had said: "Runaways af E'phraPg%:$ he came
t o have forty sons and thirty grandsons
Im is what YOU are,0 Giltebad,inside of Etphra'J~10:4 who rode on seventy full-grown ~sses."And he
im, inside of Ma.nasPseh." And Gil'e.ad got t o
continued t o judge Israel eight years. l5 Then
capture the fords of the JordanDahead of E'phra- n@$g
Ab'don the son of Wil'lel the Pirra.thon.ite died
im, and it occurred that when the runaways of JK 1:zq
E'phra-frnwould say: "Let me pass over," then
FuEg and was buried in P i h t h o n in the Iand of
the men of Gil'e.ad would say to each one: "Are
&?ga Efphra.imin t h e mountaln of the A.md'ek.ite.C"
And the sons of Israel engaged again in
you an E'phra.im.ite?" When he would say:
~g 3 5
Jg 4:l
doing what tvas bad in Jehovah's eyes,"
"No!" then they wmld say t o him: 'Please
""
JE
:" 8:l
J 10.6
so
that
Jehovah gave them lnto the handb of
say Shib'bo.leth."cAAnd he ivould say: "Slb'h- bce42:6
PIE^10:14
li:g
the
Phf.lisftEnes*
for forty years.
leth,""P as he was unable9 to say the word corEx 13:17
$i#
2 Meanwhile there hnppend to be a certain
J~~ 13:2
WJos 15.33 man of Zo'rahm of the family of the Dan'ites"
4 Literally, "a mnn o f contontion speciallg.)'
Or, "life.."&I, f10plk'~0~1914~
wlr; LXX, p s p e h b ; Tg, ar9ii.ma. elleaning '+Ear of g r t ~ i ~ "See
.
,
~ and ~his name
~ was~ Ma.no'ah.
~ And
~ his $wife was
Uenssia & : 5 . d?vIeaning, in the Yewis11 Talmud or Mishnah, "A

12

13

joint menli Picnic."' e.'Wae unable." This rending nmceR with

t ~ c l v eHebrew mmmipts that hternlly xond, "'did not u~~dcrsland
horv?' But 41 rends, '%odd not pemeaem."

a'Tn his city in CtiYe=adj'bL X X V g ; "in a city of Gilte..ad," By;

'Sn [one of] the aitim of QIl'~md," ?if. b That is, out of other farli* *'In 3Iount La'nak," LXX A).

iliea or tribes clans).

JUDGES 13:-

800

JUDGES 13~9-I6
ypba?:aa again to us and instruct? us as to what we ought
xsa w-20
801

barren* and had borne no child. In time Jehovah's angelo appeared to t h e wclmank and said Dk;2;.g
1i3
c
to her: "Look, now, you are barren and have kEx~ 3.2
borne no child. And you wilS certainly h o m e J E di:z
pregnanto and give birth to et son.] +And now : I
watch yourself, please, and do not drink wined
or intoxicating liquorn and do not eat anything l ~ ~ , ~
31
unclean.'' For, look! you are pregnants and n[.:\I r ~1R.3
you will certainly give birth to a son, and no i.at l:15
1l.n
razor should come upon his head,$ because a rLc
Ln 3 1 : ~ ~
NazflOriteld God is what the child will became ,g,$t4
on leaving the womb? and he it Is who will take %
!, :;if
the lead in saving Israel out of the hand of t h e ty;:17

Eiz

~ r zn 12
Phj.lIs'tines."u
ul.% 7.13
6 Then the woman went and said t o her
I
husband:@"There was a m m of Godb that came ~y hTtL I:a
283
to me and his appearance \vas like me appear- LL,0 2 9
ance of the angeI of G ~ d , very
~ y fear-inspiring.z
And I did not ask him from just where he was IZgjE;,
neither did he tell me his name.' But he said * G Q w : ~ ~
to me, 'Look! you are pregnnnta and you will
certainly give birth to a son. And now do not
drink wine or intoxicating liquor and do not eat
any unclean thing, because a Nazti.rite of God
is what the child will become on leaving the
womb until the day of his death.' '"
8 And Ma.no'ah began t o supplicate Jehovaho dftu ':fa
and say: "Excuse me,' 3ehovnh.d The man of D ~ ; , & ~ ~
Godvhat you just sent, let him, please, come
'Yon nre pregnant," M m ; "you will conceive,'? Tg. b"Ood."
11, fie-El.a.Aim'f La-, ~he.08'.8m Dewtwonomy 33: 1, fotnotpa.
* "Ood." M, Itn-EE.o.kim'; WIX, ~ T h o s ' .See Qenesia 31: 11, font-noto" Judgaa 6 : 20, footnotca. d '(Jrhovak.') 31, AOdabvim@';
LLY,
IC2l'ri.e Ado'.au.a*.e'; Vg, .Wo'jnians; 6;rt "hrd.'> Bee Judges fl :15,
fdotnoteb, * "God." M, ha-EE.o.kimRj LXX,ko The.oaV. 8m veflre 6,
fontnoteb.

t o do to the chlld t h ~ wilI

t be born." 'Accordlistened t o the voice of Ma.ndah4
J r a l 3 : l e m d the angel of Go@ m
e again to the woman
while she was sitting in the field and Ma.no%ah
her husband was not with her. ImedIateIy
the woman hurried and ran md told her hua~
band and add to him: "Look! the man that
'Jam3
came the other day Ea me has appeared t o me,"'
11 At that Ma.netah got up and accompaniedC
hk wife and came to the man and said to him:
@ J E ~ ~ : S"Are you the man that spoke t o the woman?"'
to which he said: '7 am." "Then Ma.no'ah said:
"NOW
let your words come true. 'EVhat will become
the
child's mode of life and his work?""
p,2%q
s i l n 2.1318 111 SO Jehovah'sd angel said to Mannotah: "&om
everything that I mentioned to the woman she
*Jt113:4
should keep herself.' " Nothing at a13 mat
clKIJ:ZJ comes forth from the wine vinea ~houEd she
cat, and no wine OF intoxicating liquor let her
drink,' and no unclean thing of any sort let her
'2;
ck11:n eat.' Everything that I. have commanded her
Le l f :47
let her keep,""
AC J?:M
a m 11:32
19 Ma-no'ah now said to Jehovahle angel:
"Let us, please, detain you and Ax up a kid iof
But JehwahPsangel
OGe
sg @:la
Is:a the goats before you."'
said to Ma.ndah: "If you detain me, I shall not
feed myself on your bread, but if you will xen' J ~ e ~ ~der
e up a burnt* offering to Jehovah, you may
offer it up." For Ma.no'ah did not know that he

ingly God=
-coen:le
PI 65:2

~ ; ;
I

"thd!'
31, ha-ELo.kimP; LXY, Ro

TF&e.oscj SyVg, "JebovahY'

(that is, tho equivalent of t h i ~in fiyTrg). Compare a r n e a i ~31 : 11,
footnoted, b ('God,,' 31, h a - ~ l ~ a ~ ~ i rLnX' ;X' , ha ~ h e . 0 8 ' ; By, "Sebovn11:' Fjoe verse 6, footnotrc, Or, "and went aftor [~~khlhrey',
Rehrew pwposikion]." See Gen~sia18 : 13, footnote'; nlno C ~ I E S ~ S
24: 5 , 5, 3R; E ~ d n 11:
s 5 ; 15:20, where u-hba.rey' ecrura

*&

a:n

was Jehovah's angel. l7 Then M~ana'ah said to

Jehovah's angel: "What is your name: that 31313%
when your word comes true we shall certainly
do you honor." However, Jehovah's angel
sdd t o him: "Just why should you ask about
%a B:S
my name, when it is a wonderfur one?"
19 And Ma.noPah proceeded to take the kid
of the goats and the g a i n offering and to offer
it upon the rocka t o Jehovah.* And He was ;;","f;f
doing something in a wonderful way* while
&; ; ; : *
Mannotahand his wife were looking on. So it
came about that, as the flame ascended from
off the altar heavenward, then Jehovah's angel
ascended in the flame d the altara while Ma- D2m2:Li
no'ah and his wife were looking on.' At once ',C:;g
G47:3
they fell upon their faces t o t h e ea~th."' And bLe
9:24
Jehovah's angel did not repeat appearing to $?c~$
10:s
Ma-no'ah mid his wife any more. Then it was Da
that Mahnotahknew that he had been Jehovah's Mt
angel.' 22 Consequently Ma.no'ah said to his + J g e : n
wife: "We shall positively die,@ because it is
God that we have seen."" 'a But his wife said Isa 1:5
a
to him: "If Jehovah had been pleased only to " ~ 12:4
put w to death, he would not have accepted a
burnt offering and grain offering from our
hand,"and he would not have shown us dl1 these *g&PIT
things and he would not as now have let us hear rips =:I4
anything like this.""
AHeb
Pr 3:32
11:32
24 Later the woman gave birth to a son and 0 ~ ~ P ~ & 9
called his name S a m s ~ nand
, ~ the boy kept get- o$ $5:
ting bigger and Jehovah continued to blesP '$E!
him.wPB
In time Jehovah's spiritt started to tornpel him in Matha.neh-dana*between Zo'rah" and 2,"
$:u
xJg 18:11
Esh'tamol?
*Jos 1523

get her for me as a wife.jPELBut his father and

his mother said to him: "Is there not among
the daughters of your brothers and among all
Y=e24:3
m y people a woman,' so that you are going to
""e7:2
take a wife from the Phi.lisYines@although uncircumcised?""' StiIl Samson said to his father:
;&;fj:
l s a 14:e
14Herget for me, because she is the one just
ISa 17:26
1% 31:4 right in my eyes," ' As for his father and his
2 ~1
a:20
mother, they did not h o w that that was from
1 ~ : ~
1 W 12.15 Jehovah,* that he was looking for an opportu2ch 10':15 nity against the Phi.lis'tines, as at that particu*JP
lar time the Phi.lis'thes were ruIing over Israel."
Jg Ell
5 Accordingly Samson went on down with
n ~ s his
~ j father
~ o and his mother t o 9'im'nah.O When
slsaB:14 hem got as far as the vineyardsa of Tim'nah,
OlSa17:M why, look! a maned young lion3 roaring on
wg s:lQ
meeting him. Then Jehovah" spiritAbecame
Jg 11:29
J- nazs operative upon him, so that he tope it in hvo
'h1i'6
just as someone tears a male kid in two, and
there
was nothing at all in his kandq0And he did
0%
not
tell
his father or his mother what he had
$:;
done. And he continued on his way down and
began to speak to the woman, and she was still
right in Samson's eyes.
8 Now after a whiIe he went on back to take
her
homee and he turned aside t o look at the
"g:;glz
carcass
of the lionb and there there was a swarm
:&f %ifl
of
bees"
in the lion's corpse,* and honey.' So he
g&81,

a Meaning

$&,'&z

"The a m p of Dan9'.

Jos f5:lO
Jos 19:45

c2Sa 11:2

Samson went
in
14 and sawn
the

dotvn to T h ' n a h *
Tirn'nah of the
daughters of
Phidisrtines. So he went up
and told his father and his mother and said:

Then

a woman

"There is a woman that I have seen in Tim'nah

of the daughters of the Phi.lisftines, and now

:g2$;52,
Ge 35:6

;:

"He:

L X X ; "they," m g .

AR Africcln lion.

805

scraplea it out into his palms and walked on,

a19"1455
eating as he walked.au When he rejoined "is
father and his mother he at once gave them
some and they began to eat. And he did not tell
them that it was out of the corpse of the lion
apr H:IB
that he had scraped t h e honey.*
10 And hjs father continued on his way down
to the woman, and Samson proceeded to hold
a banquet there,$ for that was the way t h e
young lellows used t o do. And it came about ~t 22:2
that on their seeing him they immedlatsly took
thirty groomsmen, that these should keep with
h h . * lTThen S a w n said to them: "Let me, *Mtk15
J O 3:28
~
i r 4 10:l
1~~1
please, propound a riddle to
U YOU will " ] SFF
without fail tell it to me during the seven days' :;Y;;.~
of the banquet and aou do solve It, I shall in . G ~2 ~ i 7
that case have t o give YOU thirty underg~rments
and thirty outfits of clothing,# I * But if YOU are ~ ; ~ ~
unable t o tell it t o me, then you yourselves must
give me thirty undergarments and thirty outAts of clothing." At this they said t o him: "Do
propound your riddle and let us hear it." l4 So
he said to them:
'"Out
of the eater something to eat came

forth,
And out: of the strong something sweet
came forth."
And they proved unable to tell the rlddle for
three days.* And it came about an the fourth= '~ra4:7
day that they began t o say t o Samson's wife:
"Fool your husband that he may tell us the
riddle? Otherwise we shall burn you and the aJJe+s
house of your father with fire." Was it to tnke y2t:ji
More literally, '%alking and enting." The Hehr~wverb hem ad
in the infinitive absolute, and hence indeflnib nu bo time, b Literully,
"vmlked to." "Fourth," L,TXSr ; "wr-enth," .VTrg,

z;:$!
CRU 4:15

YXob2 9

L u 11:8
t a r 21s
*Gem23

JUDGES 14t 1 6 1 5 :1

our possesslions that YOU people Invited us

here?" lE Consequently Samson's wife began to
weep30ver him4 and tosay: "YOUonly hate me,
you do, and you do not laveo me, There tvas a
riddle that you propounded to the sons of m y
peopIe, but to me you have not told it." At this
he said t o her: "Why, to my own father and my
own mother I have not told it, and ought I to
tell it to you?" But ehe kept weeping over
him t h e seven days that the banquet conthued
for them, and it came about on the seventh day
that finally he told her, because she had pestered" him, Then she told the riddle to the sons
of her people,' So the men of the city said
to him on the seventh day before ever he could
go into the interior room:@*

%at

isr sweeter than honey,

And what is stronger than a lion?'"

~ "
In turn he said t o them :
"IfYOU had not plowed with my young cow,
You would not have solved my riddle."
&NU 11:1'1
19 And Jehovah's spiritbbecame operatfve upJ g 3'10
on
him,so that he went down to Ash'ke.lono and
;E;a;L
1co12:4 struck down thirty men of theirs and took what
he stripped off them and gave the outfits to the
tellers of the riddle,' And his anger continued hot
.,3~$;:
and he went his way up to his father's house.
a~g*5:2
20 And Samson's wife' came t o belong to a
mJg lr:11
groomsmane
of his who had associated with him.
Jg 15:6
And it came about after a while, in the
%%i
E?
days of wheatqarvest? that S w o n
e e 38:lT
went visiting his wife with a kId9of the goats.
L%&6g
o ~ f4:14
g

'5r2?i3

15

Evidently it ~ h o n l drcad thia say, by rltering one vital Hebrew

Ietter, Literally, L'b~foi.e
ever the g n a set," M Y g ; "bsfore the nnn
rose," E X ; "before! he could go to tllr hn~iquet,"'Sy. Coupare
Jndges 15: 1.

So he said: '3 will go in to my wife In the finterlor room."' And her father did not allow him "g: $7,
to go In, a But her father said: "1 really said

to myself, 'You must unquestionably hate her.'" y; ;

:;
Hence I gave her to your groomsman." Is not AJR I.E:II
her younger s i s W better than she is? Let her, "2Sa13:11
please, become yours instead of the other."
q-Iowever, Samson said t o them: ''This time I
must be free of guilt4 agalnst the Phi.lI~'tlneao48 ''1
in case I am dealing with them t o their injury."
4 And Samson went his way and proceeded
to catch three hundred foxes&+m d to talte *P"B":iO
torches and hun tail t o tail and put one torch
between two tails, right in the middle. With
that he set Rre to the torches and sent them out
into the fields of standing grain of the Phi.lis'tines. Thus he set on fire everything f m sheaf
to standing grain and the vineyards and the
olive groves."
@EX
2 ~a?:@
Ia Q :
6 And the Phi.lisrtines began t o Bay: "Who
dld this?" Then they said: "It was Snmon the
son-in-law of the Tirn'nite, because he tb0k his
wife and went to giving her to his groomsman.'"
At that the Phi.lis'tines went up and burned her
and her father with fire."' In turn, Samson said 1JJ!$:,:5
to them: "If YOU do like this, there is nothing\:;;:
R
but for me to avenge myself upon YOU," and ~ J 101:.1
afterward I shall quit" And he went srnftillg 3"""19
them, piling legs upon thighs with a great
slaughter, after which he went down and began
*J 11'11
to dwell in a cleft of t h e crag Eftam.*
I& 4 - 9
9 Later the Phi.lis'tineso came up and camped &",h&f
in Judah and went tramping about In L ~ ' h 1 , ,lw
~ 1.9:~
3 C: 3 3 1
l o Then the men of Judah said: "Why have YOU J,
.I
come up against us?" t o which they said: "It is 15:17

,, ,,:,,

' J O ~

ec::L

Or, perhnps, 'cjatkals."

8

to tie Samson that we have come up, to do to

him just as he has done to us." So three thousand men of Judnk went d o ~ wt o the cleft of
the crag EYm* ,and said to S a w n : "Do you
+:g5:"3a not
know that the PhLlis'tines are ruling over
@$%. US?' SO what does this meRn that you have done
~g 14:4
to us?" Then he said t o them: ""Just as they
PS
x~~ ~
: did
m to me is t h e way I have done to them.""
~g 1:'i
'"ut
they said to him: "It is t o tfe you that
we have come down," t o give you into the hand
*,M,tF?
l l : 5 Q of the Phi.lls'tines,"* At that Samson said to
them: "Swear to me that wow youiwIves will
not assault' me." '%bnd
they went on to say
Q:g$E
w o h 1 8 : ~to him: "'No,but rve shall merely tie you.' and
"Jab
'wewill give you into their hand,@but we shaU
'JOhlB:a
by no means put you to death."'
AccardhgIy they bound him wlth two new
ropes and brought him up out of the crag. " He
for his part came as far as Le'hi, and the Philis'tines far their part shouted exultantly at
eF~1&35meeting him."' And Jehovah's spirit* became
hrlc7:g
operative upon him and the ropes that were
#3g 3:lO
~g 14:s
upon
his arms came to be like l h c n threads that
Zec 4:6
have been scorched with Are, so that his fetters
*Egis melted off his hands.' ' W e now fomd a moist
jawbene of a male ass and tlisust his hand out
and took It and went striking down a thousand
' ~ & ~ ~men
1 0 with it.* l0 Then Samson said:
in3i3?6 L4Withthe jawbone of a male ass-one heap,
two heaps!a
With the! jawbone of a male ass I have
struck down a thousand men,"

"One heap,

two heap!' Ths text of M v f m a to bs nnssrtain here.

LXX ma&: "I h a w tlioroughly wiped tlwm out" With vowelpointing a l k d N may rcird: "I hnve piled them up for fair."
a

JUDGES 15 ;17-16 :3

809

808

17 And it came a b ~ u that

t
when he finished
speaking he immediately threw the jawbone out
of his hand and called that place Ra'rnath1e'hi.a" IS Now he became very thirstyAand he 3; aybegan to call on Jehovah and say: "It was you
that gave this great salvation into the hand of
your servant,*and now s h d r die of thirst and
must I fall into the hand of the unchmcised?"* *;% ;;g
Ig SO G ~ d bsplit pen a mortar-shaged hollmv
that was in LeXc and waters begm to come out *Isa 44:3
of it," and he prcceeded t o drink, after which
his spirit3* returned and he revived.2 That is IEpB$:y
why he calledffits name F,n-hak.kor'e,e which is
ST'S 34.6
in Le'hi down to this day.
Ps 120 1.
20 And he continued to judge Israel En the rc;c rri.14
I ;c Y:':14
days of the Phi.lis'tines twenty years.'
T{!l!l
Fu 17:15
Once Samson went t o Ga'zao and saw a ;;* ;;;$
prostitute woman there and cameAin to :*;; 1[;:71
her. And report tvas madef to t h e Garzltes, ,fr:s'~<?~
saying: "Samson has come Ln here." So they
surrounded himo and lay in wait for him d l fiiz,Rl:iii
night long in the city gate.' And they kept quiet ,j;'; i?:;'U
the whole night, saying: "As soon as the morn0 1 s1$:18
WE
~1. 4 : ~
ing gets fight: then we must kill him.""
3 However, Samson kept lying till midnight
and then rose at midnight and grabbed hold of
the doors of the city gate' and the two side ""lcz:la
posts and pulled them out along with the bar1

$I3,

:z$f;;$
C,P

16

M~aning"The lofty place of fhe jawhone'? b "Gorl," blL't,Y;

"Jehovah;' TT'g; "Jehovah God:
SF. *Meaning "Jnw(l>one)".
d LLLYreads : '*And God broke open t be holb~v( pit) that was in
tbe j a w and mkr came out of it." Sy reads : "And Jehox-ah God
h r o k ~open khe jaw of the cheek of the ess nnd aster r m c o ~ oft it."
1-greads: ''So Jehovah (Wohml=mlbs) opened a molar tooth i n the
jaw of the ass and water c m e ont of it.'' * Meaning "Fontitnin of
the man calling". ("And repart was msde," LATIT; hut rniasing
from A$.

JUDGES 16:4-11

land put them upon his shoulders and went

carrying them up t o the top of the mountain
t h~ ~lis
t S in front of We'hron.a'
~ ~

n ~ I
. ~ O I21:n
J 1 EO
*ifi!
Pr 22 14

4 And it came about after that that he fell in

a woman in the torrent valley of
, So'rek, and her name was De.liJ1ah. And the
IordsOof the Phi.lisrtines proceeded to come
D,Jrsfaxis
3":3
up
to
her and to say to her: "Fool him" and
5~
;;:;*

i1:1 love' with

seein~~hathisgreatpowerisatldivithwhat~ve
c m prevail over him and with what w e are certain to tie him so as to master him, and we for
our part shall give you each one thousand me
mfl
hundred silver piece^."^
M ~7:3
c
firt2~4:!5
6 Later De.1l1lah said to Samson: "Do tell
me, please, In what is your great power and
2
with w h ~ can
t
you be tied for one to master
Pr 22:14
P P ~ [ : : Z ~ ~oL??''+Then Samson said ts her: "If they tie
hltc 7::r
o(;, 32.3a me with seven still-moist sinews* that have not
dried out, then I must grow weak and be$$,,!$:l been
~ l s a l ~ :came
~ g
like an ordinary rnanmn0& S o the axis
*Jo@la:a lords*ofthe Phi.lis'tines brought up to her seven
still-moist sinews that had not been dried out
*EP796
and she Iled him with them.' WNVthe ambush
WRS sitting In the i n t e r i o ~room of hers, and
began to say to him : "The Phi.lis'tinesz are
~ ~J gC3,:"5~1$ ~ she
upon
you, Samson!" At that he tore the sinews
Jg 14.4
In two just as a twisted thread of tow js tom
in two when it smells fire. h d his power did
not become known.
"Jsled
10 Subsequently De.lilahs said to Samson:
'bl[iook?you have trifled with me that you might
Dj::tT3 speak llcs to me.' Now tell me, do please, with
you can be t M + " So he said to her: "If
2 ;$;s what
they tie me tight with new ropes with which
no work has been done, then I must grow we&
&XI adds : "ond ptit them there."
Pr~r:3
Pi- J:?1

JUDGES 16;12-18

810

811

JUDGES 16 :19-25

and cdled the Phi.lfs'ttne axh lords,* s a w :

"Come up this time,' for he has disclosed to me
3C
all his heart." And the Phi.ltdtine axis Iords
1% 5:s
1% 6:4
~s?,lss:a came up to her t h a t tiley might bring up the
1Ch 1239
money in their bmd." InAnd she proceeded to
+p, 18:8
make him sleep upon her knees." Then she called
1Kl21:m the man and had Ilim shave off the seven braids
AIF %:I5
IT^ 6:1o
of his head, after rvhich he started to show the
APr 5:3
mastery of him and his power kept departing
Pr7:21.
EC 7 : z ~
from upon him. YOWshe said: "The Phi.lis'*Jgl6;9 tines are upon you, Sarn~on!"~
At that he woke
* J ~ I B : ~UP from his sleep and said: "I shall go mt as
Jg 1 6 9
J ~ I S : M at other times' and shake myself h e . " And
'y,",$:Zhe himself $id not lulow that It was Jehovah
that had departed from him.* So the Phi.lis':$
O R ~ 2 : 1 0 fines grabbed hold of him and bored his eye*
.Jer2:19
out' and brought him down t o Gakawand bound
*J 1 8 1
*2&&:?
him with two fetters of copper,' and he came
ach
PS IO<IO
3-3 11 to tobe a grjnderz in the prison h o ~ s e 32
. ~MeanzEK 11:s
~t W:41 while the hair of his head started to grow luxuhe had been shaved."
riantly as soon
%
:
23
bs
for
the
Phi.llstthe
axis lords, they
NU 8:3
gathered
together
t o sacrifice a great sacri01% 5:2
+ ~ e r 2 : l l fice to Da'gonv their goda and for a glad occa3nc 4 5 sion, and they kept saying: "Our goda' has
" e m 1 4 given into our hand Samson our enmy!'*
"ISa 329
ICh 10:9
When the people got t o see him they at once
P S =:I5
na 5:4
gave way top raisin^ their god,=""because," said
1Co 8.4
"our godR has given into our hand our
I C O I O : ~they,
~
E$gi:') enemy and rhc devastator of our land' and the
n$$i~6 one who multiplied our
A&9i?28 25 And it came about that because their
g;i2;w heart was merry" they began to say: "Cdl

trap lr 'shn;

miGod?' N, sho,Trirn', in the p h d memly of ~xcellenoe,bemuse

it applies only to Da'gon snd hna a ain~ulnrverb. Heme I.X.1,
( l o ) ths.os'; Tg, de'pcg. See 1 Snntncl k 7 ; 2 ILingn 119 : 37.

and become like an ordinary man.'" IX"

So De.11'- *Pr 393
lah tosk new row and tied him with them and
said to him: "The Phi.listtines are upon you,
Sams~n!"~
All the while the ambush was sitting OJsltl:14
in the interior room. At that he tore them in
*JR la:@
trvo from off his arms like a thread."
13 After that De-li'lah said t o Samson: "Up
till now you have trifled with me that you
might speak lies t o me. Do tell me with w h ~ t
you can be tied."" Then he said to her: "If you "Ja 1 m O
wll1 weave the seven braids of my head with
the warp" thread." "Accordinglqr she Axed " L @ f a : d
them with the pin,= after which she said to him ;
"The PhiJis'tines are upon you, Samson!'" So *Jgmg
he awoke from his sleep and pulled out the loom
pin and the warp thread.
15 She now said t o him: "Haw dare you say,
'I do love you,'' when your heart Is not with *$fifii6
me?" These three times you have trifled" with
me and have not told me h what your great A.ra $~;2(,; l l o
power is." la And it came about that because she '" ""'I"
pesteredChim with her words all the time and 49,n,l$$7
kept pressing hard upon him, his soulh gat to he ;':;?I8
impatient to the point of dylng. l7 Mnally he
disclosed to her dl his heart* and said t o her:
"A razoP has never come upon my head, be- 4>;,Bj;
cause I a m a Naz'i-ritexof God from my mother's womb. If I did get shaved, then my power *&c,
Aln 3.12
would certainly depart from me and I fihould indeed grow weak and become like all other men.*'
18 When De.li1lah got to see that he had d i e
closed t o her all his heart, she immediately sent

.;;

reada : "And it o c w r e d that rhile ha ma dnsping Be.litlnh

took the seven braids of his Head and t v o ~ cthem in the wnrp and
h c d them to the pin i n the wall!' buSonl." M, wrplr%sh; Sg,

Vg, atlti.ma.

*"la3
Jg 3:3

.
Ik30

~g 165

%iz
I ,,,,,,
,
I

JUDGES 16:28-31

812

Samson that he may offer us some amusement.'"

So t h e y called Samson out of the prison houseG ORU1:8
that he might make sparka before them, and
they proceeded to s h d him Ssetuwn the pillars.* *"ThenS m n said to the boy that was :JF;$!,
holding him by his hand: "Do permit me to feel
g;;;
the pillars upon which the house is firmly qg
i;lti:x
bIt 2ti.M
established and let me lean against them." zT (In- hit %
.i'
l 1 eB
ciaentally, the house was fuLl of men and women
and all the Phi-lisptine axis lords' were there, *Jnx%:l8
and upon the roof@there were about three thou- Qfgy;82
sand men and women who were looking on
while Samson offered some amusement.)
28 Samson"now called to Jehovah* and said: ;,b ;ijz
"lard J e h o r ~ a h ,remember
~
me,' please, and
strengthen me, please, just this once, 0 God,ll gg::;
~: I&: ; : ; *
and let me avenge myself upon the Phi.listtines
with vengeanceC for one af my two eyes,''Cg ,"jPIft?$
29 With that Samson braced himself against
the two middle pillars upon which the house TF:I . I . I : ~ ~ I
was firmly established, and got a grasp on them, Ilc B:1U
one with his right and the other with his left
hand. And Samson proceeded t o say: 'Xet my
5S:la
soula d i e with the Phi-Lis'tines." Then he bent AZsa
x ~ rs:a
e
himself with power and the house feIl upon the ii: t,U;E
axis l o r d s k d upon all the people that were in JH",a$ty;
it,' so that the dead that he put to death in
~R?J";;,,I;"~;
own death came to be more than those he had f o b 3 1 3
I:c 9.12
put to death during his lifetime.'
QJK 1~1:19
31 Later his brothers and all the hwsehold of is ;';:;,
"Lord Jehovah." X, A. d.da.nay' Ye.Bo.t~ih'j LLT, AA6ata.a.i.u'
AyFn'.r; Tg, Do'mi.ne D 8 w . See Oermesis 1 5 : 2, footnote@ and I.
"0 God." 31, RE-El.o.him'; LX-T, TTAe.6'; 'Stg, De'as tnc'#8 ("my
QodN). L I X , "and I ahdl a-renp mywlf npon the nliena with
one arenging for my trro qes.'' I7g, '*thnt I nlag Avenge rng~rlf
upon my enemim and mav reeeive one avenging for the Inss o f two
eyes:*
"Eonl." M, nepk'csh; &,KT, pp,.chF> Vg, a'nh,~ttt,
8

JUDGES 17:l-6

813

his father came on down and lifted him up and

brought him up and buried him between Zo'rah"
and Esh'ta.ol* in the burial place of Mannofaha
his father, As for him, he had & d g d Israel

" JJgR la:=

19:s

!jylip
DJgt5:m

twenty years.O

Now there happened t o be a man of the

mountainous region of E'phra.hAwhose
511 10:1
name was Mi'cah.a In time he said to his
mother: "The thousand an13 hundred silver
pieces that mere taken from you and over which
YOU pronounced a curse6 md also said it in my
0,ya5';1$4
hearing-bwk! the silver lo with me. It was I
*hhr 11.1
who took i t , " A t that his mother said: "Blessed
may
my son be of Jehovah."" 3Accordingly he
'Ru2.N
IIU s 10
1s~Y3.zilpturned the Ihousand one hundred pieces of
2% ? J
silver t o his mother,' and his mother went on t o
.NU 5:7
say; "I must without fail sanctify the silver t o
Jehovah irom my hand far my son, so as ta
zy$1;7 make a carved Imagecn and a molten statue,'
and now I shall PRY It over t o you."b
19 115~4
lie
12.3
4 So he returned the silver t o his mother and
~ a ll''.'
.ximi9
a
~{rlb
z m l R his rnotl~ertook two hundred silver pieces and
D l s n 4li:G
J cr i u s
gave them to the silversmith? And he went t o
)p h:n
making R cawed imageAand a molten statue,@
e l l c 11:1a
*(:a 31 :.I0
and it got to be h Mi'cah'sc house. As for the
. :
rPI.,x 2R.Q
man
Mi'cah,d he had a house of godse* and he
,,,, I proceeded
t o make an eph'od* and teraphirne"
FiT;; iy,;
and to fiIl the hand of one of his sons with
,
,
,
,,:.
t1Sal:TI
,Gc 35:31 po~ver,g'that he might serve as priest" for him.
1 lC 33:s
,,:, 9 those days there was na king in Israel.' As
Linmlly, 'chIi.ea'ymhu.'lb"knd now X shall pay it over to yon."

AJom 17:lS

17

" J C

,,
-

Sornn a z l m s l thnt this should Iw trnnsposed to Terse 2, after the

wor11~;"lt WRR 7 who took it." Literal!?, Wi.ca'y"hnJs." d Bere
11, ;lln',cakr.* "Wod~."34, cLo.lrilr~'.Bat LSX reads '"d"
(the.as').
Sw Judfi~fi18 : 2 4 Coanpnre Genesis 31 ; 19, footnotee. g Or, "and

'

tu

imtall one of

l l i ~~0113,"

JUDGES 17;7-13 :1

814

for everybody, what was right in hb own eyes

DX)e 1 2 8
he was accustomed to dam
Jg $
:25
?I
7 Now thcre happened to be a young man of F;
Beth'le.hem'x in Judah of the family o t Judaha :&$ ;$;':,
~ n wbo
d
ivas a Levite.b And he was residing
there far a time. And the m m proceeded to go J,7&:$5
: ; ; ;F31t 2:1
from the city of &thtle.hem in Judah to resideg

815

JUDGES 18:Inheritance had not fallen to them in the mfdst

for a time wherever he might find a place.@At %$'gi1

length while going his way he came into the
nlauntainous region of E'pl~stl.jrnas %firas the
home of Mikeah.' " Then Mi'cc~h said t o him: 'JglT:l
"Where do you come from?" At that he said to
him : "I am a Levite from Beth'lenhemin Judah,
and I am on my way to reside for a time
nrherever I may find a place." L" Sa Mi'cah said
to him: "Do d~vellwith me and serve as a fathee and priest' for me, and I far my part shall
give you ten silver pieces a year and the usual
items of apparel and your sustenmce,"" Accord:;
ingly the Levite went in, l1 Thus the Levite took x~ E
2:36
it upon himself t o dwell with the man, and the
young man g o t to be as one of his sons to him.
'"rthemnere,
Mi'& filled the h ~ n dof the
Levlte with porvw,"that t h e young man might '2g$l
serve as a priest' for him and migl~tcontinue in
;~
the house of Mi'cah. Hence Mi'cah sald: "Now o x u yis:5
1: do know that Jehovah will do me good, be- :h1!$%1
cause the Levite has become priest for rneSMAA'p':1'43ii3 I
In those days there was no king in Isra*%; a 44 20
el.+ And in those days the tribe of the rn32.a
Dan'ites' was looking for an inheritance for it- $:j;?
self to dwell there, because up to that day an +jt5&yo

18

a ' q f the family of Judah," M,But 8y ornits t h i ~ and

,
L m g do
not read this way. A suggested rending is, "of the family o f Noses!'
Compnro Judges 18:30, b "And who wns a Lotite," IILdYXTrg;

"rind hi^ nAme was L e ' ~ , " Sy.

of the tribes of Zs~ael.~

2 Eventually the sons of Dan Rent Ave men of
their family, men from arnonR them, men who
were valiant fellows, out from Zo'r~h'and Enh'"$f?$i
JK 1.1.5
ta.01,~
to spy* out the land and to explore it. So
*JK llj'3L
0x11
JUS1%~, I1 7they said to them: "Go,explore the land." Ln
time they came into the mountainous region of
Etphra.imnas far as the house of Ml'cal~"and
0jF1k*;15
*Jg 1;:1
got to spend t h e night these. WI11lr they were
close by the house of Mi'cah, ihey recognized
the voiceo of the young mRn, the Levite, so that
&20:7!
they turned aside there. And they proceeded t o
say to him: "Who brought you here and what
are you doing in Phis place and what Interest
do YOU have here?" 41n turn he said to them:
,p,=:n
" 3 3 ~and
s so Mi'eah did for me t h ~ he
t might
mee and that I might serve as priest" for
$;g;# hire
hlm," Then they said t o blm: "Inquire," please,
J c~ I3:z-r
J
d:?!
O
nITD
l r c i1:12
T L : ~of God' that we niay know whether our way on
which we are going will be successPu1." a So the
a
1
priest said to them: "Go h peace." It is before
d;k:z$i
L4:21 J e h o n h that YOUR way is in which YOU go.'"
7 Accordingly the five men went on and came
aJon
to W i s h b and saw how the people thett were
*RBfs:f
wfthin it were dwelling in self-reljance' accordIng to the custom of the Si.ddnians, quiet and
unsuspecting, and there w ~ no
s oppressive conquerora that was molesting a thing In the land,
3:o
Jos 13:4 while they were far off from the Si.do'nl.ans@
and they had nothing to do with
J 3:3
JP
10:~
&1?3:13
8 At length they came to their brothers at

*j~d3"147

1 Or,

l'oppmair~dispenusror." LitmUy, " d i ~ p a ~ ~ ~ a(occupier)

aor

of opp~pp~io!l."Bee Vetus Tbst~tm~nhlrn,VOI. rl, NO, 1, Jranunrlp 1052, pnges 07-88, b "With Ryrin," LXX (A, Ry~n'rna.chus),
Fy ( 1 Li~xnplt~l-),

817
Zdrahxand Esh'ta.01' and their brothers began 3
:ig$,
ta s a y to them: "How was it with YOU?" * A t IJR 1a':a
this they said: ?Do get up and let us go up
against them, for we have seen the land and,
look! it is very good.' And YOU are hesitantoo :!jy
Do not bbe sluggish a b u t i d k i n g t o come in to ,%I
take possession of the land." lo When r o u come w ~ 7s.3
s
in, you rvill come to an unsuspecting peoplef,PJg15:7
a d the land is quite wide,a for G o d q ~ a sgiven
it into YOUR hand,' a place where there js no ?';,4&
lack of any sort of thing that is in the earth,"' ::* ;;
11 Then six hundred men girded with weap-, rte so:e
ons of war, out of the family of the Danltes,: 'JoS
departed from there, that is, from Zo'rah and
Esh'ta.01.' l-d
they got on their tvny up and 'J",a:i;:,
went camping a t Kirrj.ath-jetamrim'in Judah. *:;:;T;fio
l i ' t ~13:s
That is why they have called t h a t place 2[:I1
l:d
3Ia'ha.neh-dancudown to this day. Look! it is nag
westa of Kir'i-ath-je'a.rim. Ig After that they
passed dong from there to the mountahous
region of Etphra.im and came rts far as the
~ J 1711
L
house of Mi'cah."
14 Then the five men that had gone to spy0 OJ@ i8:8
out the land of La'ish' answered and said t o + ~ J r r l k T
their brothers: "Did m k o r v that there are
in these houses an eph'od" and teraphirn' and er1ga17:u
23:6
;R carved image* and a molten statue?' And now
v
,
F;
t
have in mind what YOU ought f o do." I9 So they JK I::.I
turned aside there and came to the house of *I3r ?):I2
the young man, the Levite, at atthe house of MYcah, and began t~ ask how he was getting a l ~ . ' 18:s
" d the while the six hundred men girded ivit h
I
their weapons of war, who were of the sons of

*Kz
z,:,;

liiterall~,"spatioms on 'both &dm.)' td(aodi' M h X X B y ; rrJeho- 1

vnh," TTrg. Meaning "Camp of Dan", Literaliy, "to the rear:'
that is, when orie faces east.

JUDGES 18:17-24

Dan,* were standing at the entrance of the gate.

The flve men that had gone to spy out the
?ns 12.3& land0 nowwentanup, that theymightenter in
there to taken the carved image*and the eph'od'
JK 1 7 4
1'4 i15:4
and the tcraphimnmdthe molten image." (And
w:u T.l
lsn -1.8 thc priestUwas standing at the entrance of the
~ c ,31~ 19
<
gate with the six hundred men g i r d 4 withnveap
ons of war.) b IBAnd these {vent into t h e h m e of
-1019 Mi'cah and proceeddl t o take the carved image,
c,lg 17'1%
!

Ir

the eph'od and the teraphjrn and the molten

"J*m
a.w 17:m irnage.*Atthattheprie3tcsaidtothem: "What
J K 18:4 :are YOU doing?"
But they said to him: "Be
- J O ~21:s
,,:, qujei. Put your hand over your mouth" and go
with US and become a fatheP and a priest" for
$;:i?
*c;r 45 r
us, Which is better, for you to continue n priest
2 K l G "1
J O ?:;:la
~
to the house of one man* or for you t o become
Iqrr 22 21
"J, 1-7:10 a priest t o a tribe and family in Israel?'""Dt
::,K,\$lpl this the heart of the priest was pleased* and
g:ya+$18he now took the r;ph'odn and the teraphimQand
" i 17:1 the carved image and came into the midst of
the people.
21 Then they turned and went their way and
put the little ones m d the livestock and the valuable things ahead of them. P = They themselves
hail got R distance away from the house of
Mi'cah when the men who were in the houses
oJglFl
that were elme by the house of Mi'cah-ere
called t o m h e r and tried to catch up with the
sons of Dan. ' W e n they kept crying out to the
sons of Dan, then they turned their faces and
'y&"t::g said to W'cah: "What is the matter wjth you"
i:g that you have k e n called together?" P4 So he

,,,

Or, literally, "wmt on up, thcg entered in there, they took," X.

OF,h L ~ nlhe
d molten image and the prjpst, whila the six b n d e d
mcn girdrd with weapons of war were standing a t the enhance of
the gnte!'

JUDGES 18:25-30

818

m4
sddr "My godsg that f made you have taken,
~
the priest' too, atld YOU go your way, and what ' 3 I'f!S
do 1 have any more?* How, then, is it that you m$ ;:&?:
can say t a me, 'What is the matter with you?' " ,$p,.g?$
D"Atthis t h e sons of Dan said t o him: "Do not a c r : , l j i ~
let your voice be heard close t o us, for few that
men hitter of soul may assault YOU people and
you have to forfeit your own s o u 1 ~and t h e souln
of your household."d"'
the sonsr of Dan kept
going on their way, and Mi'cah got t o see that
they were stronger than he mas and so he
turned and went back to his house.
27 As for them. they took what Ml'mh had
made" ~ n the
d priestAthat had h e m e his, ~lnd~ J I :1il:IP
they kept going toward W i s h , O gain st a people 8$s$pb4'
quiet and unsuspecting.+And they proceeded to
E$
strike them with the edge of the sword," nnd
the dty they burned wlth fire.* z 9 And there was *~,~,"~&!
no deliverer, for it was far away from Sitdon' ;&'$$
and they had nothing at all to do with man- o'$:12/$':.:281
khd, and it was in the low plain that belonged afpl!:!y,\
t o Beth-&hob." Then they built the city and +~'!'&~("
took up dwelling in it. gsFurthennore, they
called the m e of the city Danc by the name of
1!2;.
their father, Dan: who had been born to Isra- '2;%&
el.@
Nevertheless, La'ish' was the clty's name at hjt,1.$?4
Amt. wAfter that the sons of Dan stood up the $;yj:i
carved imagee for themselves, and Jon". thm"' my[:,7:i5
t h e son of Ger'shom,* Moses'= son, he m d his $x'&'2
sons became priests t o t h e Mbe of the Dan'ftea'

:
4 $,::;::

A:;,

OF "life." 31, eepk'esh; LA=, ps!y.ch Fr; Ry ,91 npktslr#Li telqnllp,

"~e.kon'a.thnn,"Meaning "Jehovnh gnve", "Morrerr'," LXX ( A ) VR.;
"hin.nnr'aehk,j' 161L=(B) 8y. But the d h c insmted
~
n mmpended
lettcr (arm=n) in the original nn tne in M to I ~ R ~it Pmnd "Mn.nrtn'srb'd' instead of -'JImes' ",out of regnrrl for nlosc~.

819

JUDGES 18:31-19 :5

until the day of the land'sn being taken into

exile. And they kept the carvd image of
Mi'cah, which he had made, set up for themselves all the days that the house of the Godb
continued in Shj"oh.@"
c
Now it happened in those days that there
was no kjng3 in Israel." And it came
that a c e r t ~ i nLevite W ~ residing
B
for a
the remotest parts of the mountainous
of E'phra.in~.~In time he took as his
ncubEnso' from Beth'Be.hemDQin Judah.
cubine began t o have intercourse
ess toward him.=' Finally she went
him to the house of her father at
" In Judah and contitrued there fully
a Then her hushand wt up and
er' t o speak consolinglyDt o herd so
er back, and there were with him
~ n ad couple of he-asses. So she
had him corns into her father's house. When
the father of the young woman got to see him,
he was at once glad t o meet him. * Consequently
his father-in-law, the young woman's father,
took hold of him and he continued to dwell with
him three days, and they would eat and drink
and hef would stay overnight there.
5 And it came about on the fourth day, when
they got up early in thc morning as usual, he
now rose t o ao, but the father of the young
arZand's." It haa haen contended that thla ~houldm d tlark's''
(In&,
a.r6n') inetead of 'lnndk" ( Y W , o'rarls), rci'e'crring ta I Samuel 4: 3 to 7:2. b"The God.'' M, La-El.o.kirn'; douhtlma the ddnite
article ha is here inflerted it1 ordm to dintingui~11the trna God
{EZ.o.limnt.')
from the fnlne gods {oE,o.hita') of Mi'mh. LXX, Iro
Thaos', LXX(A),
''his concubine ~ oangry
t
with him.'** Litcrnny,

"to speak to !mr heart!'

Or, "young man; bog." fl"He," =
I,
(.%me manuscripts), Old Itula or Idtin Versions; "they," MSy.

821

woman said to his son-in-law: "Sustain your

heart' with a bit of bread and afterward You %',is
people may go.'" So Sothey sat down, and both of r a lM:15
them bqpn to eat and to drfnk together, after
which the father of the young woman said t o
the man: "Come on, please, and stay overnight
and let your heart feel good," When the man
rwe t o go, his father-in-law kept begging him,
k5g 16:d
RO that he stayed overnight there again."
8 When he g o t up early in the morning on
the flfth day t o go, the father of the young
woman then said: "Please, take sustenance far
your heart."* And they lingered until the fad-, ?;=
h g away of the day.And both of them kept eat- PS 1@1:1~
ing. ' The man* now rase to go, he and his con- 'JE 3 9 3
cubhe' and his attendant: but his farther-in- ye $;a24
IRW,
the young woman's father, said t o him: da$a;j$
"Look! now, the day has declinedf toward be- o;;yi;29
corning evening. Please, STAY overnight, Here
the day is settling down. Stay here overnight
and let your heart feel good. And tomorrow* +Prn:X
YOU people must get up early for YOUR journey,
and you must ga to your tent." 'O However, the
man did not consent to stag overnight, but he
rose m d got on his may and came RS far a9 in
front of J e ' b ~ that
, ~ is to say, Jerusalem; nnd 6j;!
with him there were the couple of he-asses "$o;;:B
saddled up, and his concubine and hf att~ndant.4 .chn.6
1.1 While they were close by Je'bus, as the dnylight had gone down considerably, the ~ttcildnnt
now said to his master:" '"Oh come, now, and 6 u a3:2
let us turn aside to this city of the J~b'u.sltes~$$:i;Fl8

BRU2!I~

*:g 92
e2;:*29

and stay in it overnfght."IP But his master said

to Mm: "Let us not turn adde to a city of foreipners3 who are no part of the sons of Israel;
and w e have to pass om AS far &S Gibre.Bh."* l 3 And
he went on t o say to his attendmt: "Come and
let us approach one of the places, and we must
stay overnight either In Gib'e-ah or h Ra'mah.lJ0
I r So they passed n l o n ~
and kept on their way,
and the sun began to set upon them when near
to Gibte.ah, which helongs to Benjamin.
15 Consequently they turned aside there to
go in to stay overnigl~th Gib'aah. And they"
proceeded to go En and sit down in the square
of the city, and there was nobody taking them
on into the houw to stay overnight/ Ehentually, look! an old man corning in from his work

~~~~"
7
E Z ~2:2e
Ne 11:33
aer 40:l

yu

~ e 133
b

in the field at eveningb and the man was from

the mountainous reaion of E'phra-im* and he
was residing for R time in Glb'eIah,but the men
of the place were Een'j~J-nites.~ When he
@$
:;!i
~aisedhis eyes he got t o see the man, the traveIer, in the square of t h e city. So the old man
said: "Where arc you g o h g and where do you
come from?" In turn he said to him: "We
are passing along 'from BeUz'b.hem in Judah
to the remotest parts of the mountainous region
#J919:1 of E1phra.im.l That Is whereIam from, but I
"Jgm2
went to Beth'lelhern in Judah,' and it is to my
own house" that I RI going, and there Is nobody
a''They," LXX(BA) TgSy; ''he; M. "To my own hame," L X X .
Compare Terse 29. "To Jehovah R bonna," 1TFq. But as I;. Koehler
$F;;$%,:U

:$z3

;~v,:f;$

Evidently so it should read, as venes II nntl 11 require. But 31

rends : "and hi8 conmbine wna with him." 4 "Nnstcr,"
Ri,
in the plurtll nnmber of ercell~nae.LX..Y, ho k ~ ' r0s;
i ~ Vgt rlo
S n Genesis 39 :5 footnoted.

JUDGES 19:-18

'

pays in LeLicon i n Vetarb Tratnm ~ n L i L i h ~(~<n~hl~r-bnam~nrtncr)

ra
in some c a m the Hlehrerv sufIlx y [meaning "myv) mny be mistaken to mean YHTClI ( Q o r l ' ~nnrnp), thnt i~ to say, Jnhomh, as
here; and, reversedlp, PFln'I-1 nlny he mistnkrn to menn the Hebrew fkd pemn Pingular pmnoun y (''n~g''), ns ~t Jercmioh 9 : &.
Tg, "to Bod's honse."

JUDGES 19:19--25

822

u " ~ ~ : ~
taking me on lnto the housema
loAnd there are
both skaw rtnd fodder" for our he-asses and
:$;$:
there are both bread-d
wine for me and your ;:4 :!lf;:
slave girl+ and for the afAendanF with your +&?,wt
servant." There is no lack of a single thing."
However, the old man said : 'Way you have
$*?
peace!' Just let any lack of yours be upon me.'
;: s
Only do not stay overnight in the square.'" WLUn 112.13
With that he brought him into his house and IT*^, 13.2
threw mash to the he-asses." Then tbey washed .&$E1$::i
5r , C 2 : .{a
their feet" and began to eat and drink.
(:., 41'3.1
OlSn 1:13
22 While they were making their heartst fic>r13:1
feel good, Iook! the men of the city, rank sooun- $2y;l:$
drek,""surroundd the house,O shoving one an- ;,uR;
other against the door, and they kept saying 1-1.1s:ru
to the old man, the owneP of t h e house: "Bring Z ~ > C13:13
out the man that came into your house,y that $!;?
we may have intercourse with him.''' 2 s At that JC;eK M1 :955
9::)
the owner of the house went on out to themt &lU
110 I 0.8
and said to them: "No, my brothers," do not do RO 1 2 8
anything wrong, please, since this man has ~ ~ d l ~ ! ! :
come into my house. Do not commit this djsgraceful folly." " Here are my virgin daughter' #IsC:e:p 1'1:7
:~:7
and his concubine. Let m e bring them out, j~iy&:;s
please, and YOU rape themn and do to them $filiya
what is g o d in YOUR eyes. But t o this man YOU n,;, M.z
Ur 21:14
must not do this disgraceful, foolish thing."
25 And the men did not want to listen to ~~~~~z
him. Hence the man took hold of his concubined 2:: ;ye
and brought her forb to them outside and they ;$I:?;
began to have intercourseowith her and kept on *J< r 5 . ~
abusing her all night long until the morning,
after which they sent her o E at the ascending

823

%z

'Jr

18:al

'O

s!;t:$

m''6m~nt;"SyT

;':
g:z::e

(Bombwg and Pretorints ditiona); ''sewEiterdl~,"Pertce to you," X. * Literally, "men o f the

Bons of BerIial [or, worthlessnee) !'
ants,!'

I&

kJJR1B:a

JUDGES 19:26-20 :2

of the dawn. Then the woman came as S t was

turning to rnornhg and, toward daylight, she
fell down a t the entrance of the man's house
where her mastern wasam2 7 Later her master
rose up in the morning and opened the dmrs
of the house and went out to get on his way,
and, look! the warnan, his conmbine,k fallen at
the entrance of the house with her hands upon

t h e threshold! '* So h e sald to her: "Rise up and

go.'' But 'there was no m e answering."
At that the man took her upon the ass and rose
up and went t o his place.
29 Then he entered his house and tmk the
slaughtering Irnife and laid hold of his cmcubine and ctlt her up according to her bones into
C"b7:1fi
twelve pieces find sent her into every ternitow
of Israel." 30 And it occurred that everybody
seeing
it said: "Such R thing as this has never
*J% a017
1r. 11:u been brought about or been seen from t h e day
l'r J d : l O
lJIq1 ~ 2thnt the soils of Israel went up out of the land
I::z!ihH OI Egypt down t o this day. Set YOUR heartsb
M: ! '
j$z upan It, talre counsel and speak,""
Consequently all the sons of Israel went
~ + i11:7
h
253 1!j:14
outDand the assembly gathered together
*,l S!l :I:&
"1 r: lH.:"T
as one man," fmm Danv d o n to Be'er-she'bacQ
1 ?'i:LlJ
I
ZE:~(J along with the land of Gil'e.ad,' t o Jehovah a t
I r ' r l 21,2
Mjz'pah."' So the key men4 of all t h e people and
XI, 31,:;
ir all the tribes of Israel took their station in the
i;?: congrqatian~Oof the people of Cod,* four bunL4.Jffister.'JM, &da.nim'; in the plural number of excellence. Vg,
do'nri.trfrs. Sro Ci~~~miia
39: 2, footnoted. 5 ''TOFIZ
hearts,'' TT;
ufor
uoaiaelvcs," bi. "Florn Dan rlom to Be'w-she'ha" This is the h i
'Jlao:slet US

""'"0

;z.:i?
=:::,:
-

t h i ~q m s i a n ncmirs. T~itemlEy,"the curner t o w m " Pietorid of vital or bnportsr~t men, chiefs. m4'Congregtttion," LLY,
ek,klr.mYa; Vu, ac4ctc~'si.a.1 "God." hi, k-El.o.lr-im'; the Hebrrw
rlcflnite nrtiole (hn="t he") p m d n g the title ELcr.himr. L-U,
/to Z'ke.orr'; Vg, ll.dtrs.
iirrirb

JUDGES 20:3-12

824

dwd thousand men on foot who drew the s~vord.'

3 And the sons of Benjamina got ta hearu
that the sons of Israel had gone up to Miypah.'
Then the sons of Israel said: "SPEAK.HOW
has this bad thing been brought a b o ~ t ? "1 ~
this t h e man, the Lev&,* the husband of the
murdered woman, answered and said: "It wae
to Gib'e-ah,b which helongs to Benjamin, that
1 came, 1 and my concubine,' to stay overnight.
%d
the landorvners of GibPe.ah proceeded t o
rise up against me and to surround the house
against me by night. It was I that they figured
on killing,@ but it was my concubine that they
raped," and she gradually died.' eHence I
grasped my concubine and cut her up and sent
her into every field of Israel's inheritance,* because they had carried on loose conduct a n d
disgraceful follyz in Israel. Look! all YOU sons
of Israel, give YOUR ward and cout~sel~
here.""
8 So all the people rose up as one man,* saying: "We shall not go any of us t o his tent, nor
shall we turn aside any of us to his h0use.O
*And now this is the thing that we shall do t o
Gibre.ah.Let us go upRby lot' against it. loAnd
lye must take ten men out of a hundred of all the
tribes of Israel, and a hundred out of a thousand,
and a thousand out of ten thousand, t o procure
provisions for the people, that they may take action hy going against Gibre.ahbof Benjamin in
view of all the disgracefd follye that t h e y did in
Israel." 'I Thus all the men of Israel were gathered against the city as one man, as allies.
12 Accordingly the tribes of Israd sent men
a ' Z e t us go up," LXX; but missing from 11. b Literally, "Ge'ba,"
here, hut being equivalent in meaning ("hill") to GibJe.ah. 6 "They,"
L X X (A) Sp-j "it," 11.

yJos18:21

P' M;>.;t6t l 8 : 1 5

*2Sa 2031

t o aU t h e tribesmenn of Benjamin,y saying:

"What is this bad thing that has been brought
about among YOU?" IS And now give over the
men,* the scoundrels,b* that are in Gib'e.ah,h

that we mag put them to death," and let us

clear out what is bad from I ~ r a e l . "And
~ the
sonsc of Benjamin did not want to listen t o the
?:
;E,h i3i: voice of their brothers, the sons of Israel.'
14 Then the sons of Benjamin went gather4,D;:,3;72 ing together out of the cities t o Gib'e.ah t o go
out to battle against the sons of Israel. l3 So
De 21:21
De19.13
ne 213 the sons of Benjamin got to be muster4 on that
1Co 5:E3
+lsa2:zs day from the cities, twenty-six thousand men
Pr 29:l
drawing sword,e apart from the inhabitants of
HO 9:9
seven hundred chosen men
22;
it::l Gib'e-ah, of whomOut
2Ch 1 7 ~ 7were mustered. IB
of all this people there
seven hundred chosen men left-handed.d"
":;cg51, were
#
;+
:
!;;:!Every one of these was a slinger of stones" t o a
2ch 2 6 : ~hairbreadth and would not miss.
17 And the men of Israel were mustered
apart from Benjamin, four hundred thousand
u1Ch21:5 men drawing sword.' Every one of these was a
man of war. la And they proceeded to rise up
and go on up to Beth%] and to inquire of GodP
the sons of Israel said: "Who of us should
;g;$2:10 Then
go up in the lead to the battle against t h e sons
of Benjamin?" To this Jehovah said: "Judah
AGe 49:8
i, the lead."A
J'g 1:2
*ne
J- 15~22
i3:ls
1% 30:22

$::,

LitemllyF"tribes,"'M ; "tribe," L X X V g ; '?loasel) 9y. b Literally,

"the sons of BeJli.nl (or, woi.thlesa~~ess)
." "The sons of Benjamin,"
ZXXSyT, and the QerF of 32 Hebrew manuscripts (with vowel
points ahead of "Benjnmin" for "sons of", but without the Hehrem
consonants therefor). The other nine of the ten instances of Vera
wL'.lo kethdb ("read but not w i t t e n " ) fire Ruth 3 : 5 ~ n 3
d : 17;
2 Samuel 8: 3 and 16:23 nncl 15:20; 2 Kings 1 9 : 3 1 and 19:37;
Jeremiah 31:38 and 50: 29, d Or, "mnbidextrous~ L X X . See
Judges 3 : 15, f ootnoteb.
a

JUDGES 20 :19--28

826

827

19 After that the sons of Israel rose up in themorningo and camped against Gib'e.ah.
1508
JOS ?
31
.I6
20 The men of Israel now went out t o battle
against Benjamin, and the men of Israel proceeded to draw up in batae formation against
them at Gibte.ah. " S o the sons of Benjamin' came on out from Gibte.ahe and caused $
;Y,z;
twenty-two thousand men in Israel to go down
i n min t o the earth on that day. Be However, the
people, the men of Israel, showed themselves
courageous and again went drawing up in battle
formation' in the place where they had drawn *2m13:3
up in formation on the first day. xsThen the
555
sons of Israel went up and wept5 before Jehovah
until the evening3 and inquired of Jehovah, say- @Ru2:17
ing: "Shall I again approach f o r battle against
t h e sons of Benjarnin my brother?"O To this
Jehovah said: "Go up against him."
24 Accordingly the sons of Israel drew near
t o t h e sons of Benjamin on t h e second day. a s In
turn Benjamin came on out from Gib'e.ah t o
meet them on the second day and caused a further eighteen thousand men among the sons of g g %.$
Israel to go down in ruin to the earth,' all
these drawing sword. ze At. that all the sons of'+;&$;:3
of Ear a m
1:14
Israe1,O even all the people, went on up and came Joe
Jon 3:s
to Bethtela and wept and sat there before Jeho- :k,"j:::
vah and fasted' on that day until t h e evening kp2sig1
and offered up burnt off erfngsmand communione
offeringsxbefore Jehovah. " After that the sons $?;
&
!;
of Israel inquired of J e h ~ v a has
, ~ it was there O5%
I S ~4 : ~
that the Arko of t h e covenant1 of Godb was in ",ti&$
those days. 28 NOW
Phink-hasn the son of E-le.at- glg:g
Or) '(cam~tO the home of &d,l' Vg. b idGod." M, ha-ll~o.kkm';
ko IPhs.0~' (=L6Jeho~ah
God") ; Tg, Ds'us. Compare verse 2, foatnotef.

LXX,E:ytri.oa

8:s

OlSa a 6

JUDGES 20:29--35

zar; the son of Aaron: was standing before it

inthosedays,rsaying: "ShalIIgooutyetagain
to battle against t h e sons of Benjamin my
slSa14:W brother or shall I cease to?"^ To this Jehovah
tasa5:m said: "Go up: because tomarrod I shall give
UJg z
9
him into your hand."u " B e n Israel set men in
ambushv against Gib'e.ah all around.
u$g :&
30 And the sons of Israel proceeded to go up
against t h e sons of Benjamin on the third day
and to draw up in formation against Gibte.ah
. the same as at the other times, 81 When t h e sons
of Benjamin went on out to meet the peopIe,
yJ0'8"5
they were drawn away from the city.Y Then,
the same as at the other times, they started to
strike down some of the people rnortaZly wounded on the highways, one of which goes up to
and the other to Gib'e-ahn in the field,
*g:gf9Bethfel'
about
thirty
men in Israel. SO the sons of
JOS 12:g
Jm8:9
1.~29 Benjamin began to say: "They are suffering
OJE 19:13
defeat before us the same as at the first." As
ga:;;; for
the sons of Israel, they said: "Let us flee,"
AJO, 8:E
and we shall certainly draw them away from
the city onto the highways.'' 9S And all the men
0Jo~e:ls of Israel rose up from- their placesb and went
drawing up in formation at Ba'al-ta'mar, while
those of Israel in ambush were making a charge
'JglW3
out of their places in the vicinity of Gib'e,ah.'
3 4 Thus ten thousand chosen men out of all Israel came in front of Gib'e-ah and the fighting was
heavy, and the Ben'ja.mitesa did not h o w that
mjz6$!$ calamitya was impending over them.
35 And Jehovah proceded to defeat Benjamin-before Israel, so that the sons of Israel on
that day caused to go down in ruin in Benjamin
?,$4J8;\
fle10:g

LiterallT, %nd they," that is, the Ben'jamites.

JUDGES 20:3-3

828

twenty-five thousand one hundred men," all of " g m : l s

these drawing sword.
36 However, the sons of Benjamin imagined
that t h e men af Israel faced defeat when they
kept giving ground4 to Benjamin because they " J O * ~ ~
trusted in the ambush that they had set against
Gib'e-ah. As for the ambush, they acted quickly and went dashing toward Gib'e-ah.k Then tile kJo8 8:m
JM B T
ambushy spread out and stnick all the city tvi t h y3g
*29
t h e edge of the sword.
38 Now the men of Israel had come to the
arrangement with the ambush for thern to make
Woe 8 1 8
a smoke signala go uph from t h e city.^
39 When the sons ofIsrael turned araund in
the battle, Benjamin started to strike down
about thirty men mortally wounded among the
men of Israel,] for they said: "They are un= 1JsZo:sl
questionably suffwing nothing but defeat be.
fore us just as in the first battle."u And the uJeafl:lfl
signalct started to go up from the city as a pillar tJ*s 8:18
of smoke. So when Benjamln turned his face
back, look! the whole city went up hewvenward.n And the men of Israel made an about. ng8iy#
face,s and the men of Benjamin grew terrified, ~ J o s~1
f o r they saw that calamity had reached them,
"Hence they turned before the men of Israel
in the direction of the wilderness, and the bat.
tle' followed them up closely, while the mcn g:i:g
from out of the cities were causing thern to go '
down in ruin in their midst. They surroundedc DJo8 8 ~ 2 3
Benjamin. They pursued him without a place to
rest. They trampled him doivn djrectly in front1
b3

-an uplifting of smoke." b "For them to make a m o b

signal go np." SQ N reads when J~er'eb, an evident dittomnpl~y,
after the word 4'ambd" (ha-o'r~b)bns been paseed over, in agreement aith SyTg. = See verse 33, footnotea,
a Literally,

829
rJ*na:24

JUDGES 20;44-21:4

of GfbJebahtoward the rlsing of the sun.' 44 Finally there fell eighteen thousand men of Ben-

jamin, d l of these being valiant" men.

45 Thus they turned and went fleeing to the
J K 3:28
Joa
lo:T
J 1
ivilderness t o t h e crag of Rirn'monP And they
EJR 20:47
made a gleaning of five thousand men of them
J~ 21:13
1JaSo
onthehi~hways,~andtheykeptfollo~singclose3 y after f hem as far as Gi'dom and so struck
down t ~ v athousand more men of them. 4B And
all those of Benjamin that fell on that day
arnoztnted at last t o twenty-five thousand men
bfg
B mi35
a.m drawing stvord,) all these being valiant men.
" n'ut six hundred men turned and went fleeing
to the wilderness t o the crag of Rim'mon, and
they continued to dwell on the crag of Rim'nJoal:l4
J O 8
~ 9

monk four months.

48 And the men of Israel came back against
the sons of Benjamin and went striking with
the edge of the sword those of t h e city from
maKi3:9
men l o domestic0 animal up t o all that were
t
found they
* ~ ; ~Pound.'
~ J Also
~ all the cities t h ~were
.Jon 8 : m consigned to t h e fire?
L
nlS~
3:i.i
Now the men of Israel had sworn0 in
@Jon18:28
Mizbahh,' saying: "Not a man of us will
J m1
give
his
daughter to Benjamin as a wife." 'ConIICI 7;s
ih
1592
2 1 ~ 1Wt?
sequentjy the people came ta Beth'el and kept
Jrmr 4O:b
sitting there before Goda"untiI the evening and
.fr: 20 13
continued to raise their voice and indulge iT1 a
great deal af ~veeping.' And they would say:
::%p;d
~ 1 1 7 4 . 1 "Why, 0 Jehovah the God of Israel, has this
=Pa 79:.M
I I O Z : ~ ~ occurred I
n Israel,*for one tribe to be missing
yc;e 8%
EX 20 TI today from Israel?" * And it came about the
J.62ti
next day that the pmple proceeded to get up
,kn
gi;$ enrlp and to build an altary there and to offer
k!f$$

21

:$

BT, Iru-El.o,FEim'; LXX', Ra ~ h d . o $ . Bee &m&s 6 : 11,

f~otnoteg,where lra-E~.o.hitl~~ollo~r~s
the same preposition,

a"flad."

JUDGES 2125-12

830

up burnt offerin& and wmmunfon offerings..

:hT5
5 Then the sons of Israel said: "Who is there
out of all the tribes of Israel that has not come
;+::
up in the congregationmt o Jehovah, for there
is a great oath" t h a t has taken place respectIng the one that has not come up to Jeho- JK?I:IR
vah at Miz'pah, saying,teL"
him be put t o death 1Sa L1:7
without fail.' " And the sons of Israel began to
Peel sorrym for Benjamin their brother. So they @&?fig
said: "Today one tribe has been chopped off
from Israel. 'Wrhat shall we do t o those who are
left over as to wives: now that tve ourselves oRU1:9
have s~vomaby Jehovah not t o gfve them any u1s8f4~28
of our daughters as wives?"#
" as
J K ~21I :I
:IB
8 And they went on to say: "Which one out of
the tribes of Israel is it that has not come up to
Jehovah at Miz'pah?"' And, look! no one had *J=l*:M
come into the camp from Ja'besh-gll'e+aduto the
~ ~ j ~ ,
congregat1on.a When the people gat to be count- F?k?"::a,
ed, rvell, look! there was not n mRn there from
the inhabitants of Ja'besh-gil'e.ad." lo Hence the 4Jg
assembly proceeded to send twelve thousand of
the most valiant menb there and to command
them, saying: "Go md You must strike the inhabitants of Ja'besh-giI'e.ad with the edge of
the sword, even the womenc and the little o n e ~ . ~ ~ P u : l B
And this is the thing that YOU should do:
Every male and every woman that has experie n d lying with a male YOU should devote tar ,
destruction."+ 12However, they found out of
the inhabitants of Jarbesh-g1I'elady four hun- Et:\;;!
dred girls, virgins? that had not had inter- C2su1J:2
course" with a man by lyhg with a male. So O ~ ~ : Z J

,:,
Y$z#::;i

* "ConmgntEom" LXXJ ek.kle.afa. literally, %dm

men out of the mns of valor." 8 Or, ' L ~ i ~ m ! l

thowand

they brought them to the camp RE Shi'Eoh,'

which is in the land of Ca'naan.
13 And all the assembly now sent and spoke
to the sons of Benjamin that were on the crag of
Rirntrnonmand offered them peace," I d AccordingIy Benjamin came back at that time and
they gave them the women that they had
preserved alive from the women of Jrr%eshgilPe.ad;v and they did not And enough for
them." And the people felt sorry for Benjamin' because Jehovah had made a ruptureQbetween the tribes of Israel. Cottsequently the
older men of the assembly said: " W ~ n shaII
t
we
do to the men that are left over as t o wivm, for
ivornmkind has been annihilated3 out of Benjamin?" " Then they said: "There should be a
possesf onAfor those who have escaped of Benjamin,la that a tribe might not be blotted out
of Israel. " As for tu,we are not allowed to give
them wives from our daughters, because the
sons of Israel have sworn, saying, 'CursedQis
the one that glves a wife to Benjamin.'
19 Finakly they said: '"okl
there is a festivdu of JchovRh from year to year in Shiqoh,'
which h t o the north of l3eth'elF toward the east
of the highway that goes up from Beth'el to
She'chem"'and toward the south of Le.bornah."
So they c o m m d d the sons sf Benjamin,
saying: "Go and Yaw must lie in wait in the
vineyards, a L And YOU must look and, there now,
when the daughters of Shiloh come on out to
danceo' In circle dances, then YOU must come
out from the vineyards and carry off for yourselves by force each one his urife from the
daughtcrv of Shiloh, and YOU must go to the
land of Benjamin. "And it must occur t h a t
' j 0

JUDGES 21:22-25

833
)*

should their fathers or their brothers come ta

conduct a legal case against us,&then we9hall
RUTH
certainly say ta them, 'Do w a favor far their 2zqig
* ~ ag: l e
Now it came about in the days when the
sakes, because we have not taken for each one :f;ol;;
2i
p?.
a 21.13
c1SalG:18
udges*administered justice that a faminec"
his wife* by war," for it was not YOU that did
ct;e 12.10
r l r m : ~ al-osejnthelmdandaman proceededtogofrom
the giving to them' at a time when youc ~vould' J n n : l
I I i j 18::
Eeth'le.Remc" in Judah to reside far a time in the
crtu I :I:
become guilty.""
z5 118
flcjdsof M ~ ' a h ,he
~ with his wife and his two sons.
-1,: 17 s
23 AccordingIy the sons of Benjamin0 did clsaQ:l
just that way and they proceded to carry off
$
:!,$ ~ : 1 1? And the man's name was E.lim'e.lech and his
wife's name Nafo.mi and the names of his h a
wives far their number from the women danchgL around, whom they snatched away, after t%f';::z
'~g~;~! sons were hlEth'lon and Chil'ian, mh'rath.ite+
frorn BethR1e.hem in Judah. Eventually they
which they went off and returned to their in; J A
eJs
came to the fields of Mo'abe and continued there.
heritance and built the cities" and took up dwell- a:j g~ m..13
3 In time E.llmPe.lechthe husband of Na'0.d
ing in them,
died, so that she remained with her two sons.
24 And t h e sons of Israel began t o disperse
Later the mcn took wives0 for themseIves,*
from there a t that time, each one t o his own
Gml"
12:Vo'ab.iteqwomen.' The name of the one uras
tribe and his own family, and they went their
# ' l K l 11:1
rlnlt i : 5
Or'pnh and the name of the other Ruth." And
way out from there, each one to his own inherit- 9::
11:
they weht on dwelling there for about ten yearsOD
anceaS
J# 2:hdg 20:B
In time the two of them, Mah'lon and Chil4.011,
25 In those days there was no king In Israel.* act!
3lj;:ll
~11s~
What was right in his own eyes was what each ~ ~ ~ ~ f ~ : died, so that the womans remained without
J I , 13:1
her two childreno and her husband.* And she
one was accustomed t o
:$Fflj$
l ~17:U
i
Lib
proceeded t o get up with her daughters-in-Iaw
"Us,"3fSy; "Fon," LXXVg. b 'We," NKEXByVg; but po6siBly
~ E MI
K
and t o return from the fields of Mo'ab, for she
L ' ~ ~isumeant.
"
* Or, possibly, with a slight correction of the M
had
heard in the field of Mo'ab that Jehovah
i
0
text, "did the giring to them, because rolr ~ o u ~ ~ s e l v eConlpnra
s!~
%PI! 1\1:3
,, ,:,, had turned hfs attention tob his peoplePby givJndgea 13:23, where the Hebrew =pression (="at n time when")

&(;I.

p&

is rendered "as now''.

U% 2:;
4c:c 2n 20

ing
them breadsV+
7 And, she went her way

out from the place

where
she
had
continued?
and both of her
I? 39:s
1 % ~ .~5 10 daughters-in-law were 14th her, and they kept
WKl h.3
walking on the road to return to a
h
te land of
Judah. 4Finnlly Na'orni said to both of her
daughters-in-law: ' G o , return, each one t o the
Or, "inhnhitnnts of Eph'roth." See Omesis 35 :16, 19. b Or, ?ltacl

;1'?;1lt1:14

riaired,"

839

RUTH 1: 9 1 6

834

house0 of her mother: May Jehovah exercise

loving-kindnessa toward YOU,' just as YOU ha
exercised it toward the men now deadc' a
toward me. May Jehovah make a gift to u
and do YOU find a restin
house of her husband.'
and they began t o rais
l o And they kept saying to hem": ""No, but
you we shall rehuzl to your people."q '"ut
Na'o.mi said: ''Return, my d a ~ g h t e r s , ~
should YOU go with me? Do I still have so
my inward parts, and will they lmve ta b
YOUR husbands?* 12Return,my daughte
for I have grown too old to get to be10
husband.' If I had said I had hope als
should certainly become a hushand's ton
aIso should certainly bear sons, wo
keep waiting for themb until they c
up? WouId mu keep go
themn so as not to becom
daughters, for it is very bitter to me
aoc, that the hand of Jehovah ha
against me."*
14 At that they mi& their voi
some more, after which Qr'pa
mother-in-law.*& forRuth, she s
In
SO she said : "Look! your wid
law0 has returned to her people
Return with your widowed sis
16 And Ruth proceeded to sa
with me to abandon you, t o tu
companyingd you, for where

Qr, "lqal love." b "Them" (maaculinc ~ n d e r ) L

, - n S y . * The
widow of thebrother of a nife's 11uJrnd. Sce Deuteronomy 25 : 5,7.
d 01#,
'ffollotCing," Sf, a.kkccara~/'j~nrnnin "with" or "after". Cornpare drnni~l e : 13, footnote); Jaclyou f 3 : 11, foatnotec.

and where you spend the night 1shall spend the

nfghtmP
Your people will be my people*and your
* R ~ 2I : l l
GO@ my Godam
l7 Where you die I shall die" and
I'J 15 10
Ian 1.1.1
th~1-e
is
where
I shall be buried. May Jehovah
@J#lp 2.I:l.a
r):t 2:47
do SO t o me and add to it if anything but death
Uta 3:23
un ,I:;~T skloUld make a separation between me and you."
liqr 13 4
18 When she got +tosee thnt she was persist,
., ,.,,
'z*i 25:" ent a b u t going with her, then she Ieft off
**bc2l:ld speaking to her." l-nd
they both mntInuedl on
*Ru1:1
theirwayurrtiltheycameto&th'Ie.hem,'hd
it came about that as soon RS they came to
Reth'le.hem all the city became stirred up over
CMc21:lQ lhemo and the women kept saying: "1s this
*RUI:a
Nak,mi?'" " A n d she would say to the wornen : "I30 not d l me Na'o.mFb Call me Ma'ra,G
for the AlmightydG*hm made It very bit tcr for
Ge 4a:rr me.' z z I was fuII when I wenP and It is emptyJob 5 3 7
J
: I
handed that Jehovah has made me return.' Why
Lll. 3: 1
should YOU call me Na'omi, when It is Jehovah
brsn 2:7
that has humiliatd me and the Almighty that
'Job
has c~usedme calamity?"*
22 Thus Naro.mi made her return, Ruth the
Mo'ab-ite woman, her daughter-in-law, being
with her when returning from the fields of
Mo'ab,
and they came to I3eth'Je-hem at the
,EKS:.t
Ru Z::?
commencement
of barley harvest.'
2% 21:ri
D R u 3,2
Notv
Na'o.mi
had a kinsmanen of her husI L C I b;la
01Sn, D:1
band,
a
man
mighty In wealth,' oi the
A r h k $$:I8
I
1 .
family
of
E.lim$.lech,
and his name was Bo'az."
P I ( : l l 2 11
nlt 1:s
2 In time Ruth the Mo'ah-ite woman said to
t u 3::u
Naro.mi: ""Let me go, please, to the field m d
.LC
1!1:9
L
nc2i,lg
+
! =.;la glean* among f&e ears of grain follow in^ after
i:lA
whoever it is in whose eyes I may find favor.">
bamE2
~t 8:lS

'""j

'"."

"flnrl,'' 11, Er.a.lSm'; LXXJ Ao !haoar; rg,Ds'ua. b Meaning "31y

plaau~ntn~a~)',
obiraning "Bittd'. d 4 ' T h ~Almighw:' M, Shod(?a';
Sy, Kdl BFaa.rbti ("God Almighty''). *OF,'*mocjl~ninhnce?'

RUTH 2: S 1 1

836

837

So she s ~ f d
to her: "Go, my daughter." Wt that
she went off and entered and b e g ~ nt o glean In
the field behind the harvesters." Thus by chance m2Th5:12
she llghted on the tract of the field belonging to
Bo'az, who was of the family of E-lim'e.Iech.*' R u l a
"And,
look! Bo'az came Irom Beth'Ie-hem and
proctreded t o say to the harvesters: "Jehovah be
trviih YOU."* In turn they would say to him:
LU 1:25
"Jehovah bless you."'
2Th 3:10

reporta was Fully made to me of all that you

have done to your mother-Maw after the death
of your husbandx and how you proceeded t o
abandon your father and your mother and the
land of your relatives and to go to a people
whom
you had not known fomnerly." " May
:~;~~;1~9
i n : l l J e h ~ v a hreward your conduct' and may there
ps 5 H : l L
1.r Y 1.18 come to be a perfect wage for you from JehoHelr G 10
vah the God of Israel, under whose wingsa you
rips 17.9
have come to seek refuge." To this she said:
p, 57:L
PS
362
olsnzlla "Let me find favor In your eyes, my lard: be"sn10:a
cause you have comforted0 me and because you
4Tf 19:3
have spoken reassuringly tos your rnaidservan t,"
although I myseli may not happen t o be Iike
one of your maidser~ants.''~~
i!l&
Pr15:33
14 And Bofaz proceeded to say to her at
Php 2:3
elsn 1 . 1 : ~ mealtime:' "Approach here, and you must eatQ
*Isn 32 9
some of the bread and dip your piece in the
!
,
,
59 7
I-'''4:L3 vinegar." So she sat down beside the harvesters,
and he would hold out roasted grainmto her and
7,:;::
2sal.F:m she would eat, so that she was satisfied and
yet had something left over. IThen she got up
*E
BD, to glean.*Botaz now commanded his young men,
~ e 2 4 ' : l a saying: "Let her glean also among the cut-off
Ru 5:2
ears of grain, and YOU must not molest her,
1
d
"
YOU should also be sure to pull out some
from the bundles of ears for her and YOU must
l a v e them behind that she may glean them,
and YOU must not rebuke her.""
*g
KO 12:13
17 And she continued t o glean in the fleld un01% 20:s til the evening,O after which she beat out what
"Prrn:n she had gleaned,* and it came to be a b u t an
of barley. Then she took it up and went
cE;eIf;yl e'phahG
into the city and her mother-in-law got to seeh
'Pf

5 Subsequently Bo'azu said to the young man ,$l;j $2

who was set over the harvesters: "To whom cr+ .I:Y
does this young woman belong?" So the young I L h 2:11
man set over the h a r v a t e ~ mswered
"
and said : & G ~ a 9 : 4
I:Q
"The yotulg woman is a Mo%b.i.tes~,~
who returned with Na'o-mi fom the field of Mo'ab;
Then she said, 'Let me glean? please, and I Qk~;!j;~
shall certainly gather among the cut-off ears T;D~+llu
'.'
of grain behind the harvesters.' So she entered "'
and kept on her feet from that time in the
morning until her sitting down just now in the
.PC 18:4
houfie a little.'3"
Pr 2 2 2 9
8 Later Eo'az said to Ruth: "You have heard,
have you mot, my daughter?* Do not go away ~ S T F ~ : W
to glean in another field, and you must also not
I
crass over from this place, and in that way you
should keep close by my young women. Let
your eyes be on the field that they will m e s t ,
and you must go with them. Have I not commanded the young men not to touch you? When
you are thirsty, then you mtut go to the vessels
and drink from what the young men will draw."" W:I8
10 At that she fell upon her face and bowed
down to the eartho and said to him: "How is it elsr 25:23
I
I have found favor in your eyes0 so that I nm c ~ ~ ~ 1 2 :
bZSa 16: 19
taken notice of, when I am a f~reigner?"~'
~ C ; P17:12
l1 Then Bo'az answered and said to her: "The 2; $$;%
,
Q

RUTH 2:12--18

:::*

Litrrally, "spoken

to the heart of." b '<And he^ mathcr-in-1nw got

to we," , U L T ; <'andshowed her mother-in-Iaw," YgSg.
a

RUTH 2:19--3:2

838

what she had gleaned. After t h a t she took out

what food she had left over" when she had satis- &,U,a;:tZ
IT^ 5:4
fied herself and gave it t o her.

19 Her mother-in-law now said to her:

'Where did you glean today, and where did you
work? May t h e one who took notice of you become blessed."okSo she told her mother-in-law ~ " p ~
with whom she had worked, and she went on to 2Co 953
say: "The name of the man with whom I worked
today is Bo'az."
At that Na'o.mi said t o her
daughter-in-law: '4Blessed be he of Jehovah,' '&%i0
who has not abandoned his loving-kindness" toward the livin@ and the dead."n And NaJo.miOlsaI7:"
n ~ 9:1
~ a
went on t o say to her: "The man is related to Pr 1 ~ 1 7
US.^ He is one of our repurchasers."ba
Then rRU
sLe 252s
2:1
Ruth t h e Mo'ab.i.tess said: "He also said to me, :;Ti5
'Close by the young people that are mine is Job 1 g : E
where you should keep until they have finished
the entire harvestmthat 1 have.' " t
SO Na'o- wa":9
~ H 2U8
miu said to Ruth her daughter-in-law: v ('It is uRu
vRu 1:4
better, my daughter, that you should go out
with his young women, that they may not annoy
you in another field."
23 And she continued to keep close by the
young women of Bo'az t o glean until the harvest yRu
of t h e bar1eyY and the harvest of the wheato Olsa
came t s an end. And she kept on dwelling with
I

her mother-in-law.=
Nato-mi her mother-in-law now said to her:

a:a

ZRU
E P 6~: s

"My daughter, ought I not to imk for a

resting placen for you, that it may go well with ng$p
you?" And now,is not Bo'az, with whose young rJ",";$::F5
women you have continued, our kinsman?' *;~;5;5
Look! he is winnowing barley at the threshing
Or, 'loyal love." b Or, '%inamen with the light to repurohase

(redeem)!'

floor tonight. And you must wash and rub

yourself with oiln and put your garments upon
%pli$$
~c 9:8
youAand go dawn to the threshing floor. Do not
A E s 5:1
make yourself known t o the man unW he has
finished eating and drinking. A And it should
occur that when he lies down, then you must
~
~
~ tla k e note of the place where he lies down and
you must come and uncover him at his feet
and lie down, and he for his part will tell you
what you ought to do.''
5 At that she said to her: "All that you say
to m@ I shall do." *And she proceeded to go
down to the threshing floor and to do according

to- all that her mother-in-law had commandedm

her.O Meantime Bo'az ate and drank and his
E P 6
~:l
heart was feeling good; Then he went to lie
+Ge 43:34
~ ~ 1 9 : s down at theextremityofthegrajln heap.Aftcr
that she came stealthily and uncovered him at
$?l!I"das
his feet and lay down. And it came about at
i0;4l5
EC333
midnight that the man began to tremble. So he
bent himself forward and, look! a woman lying
e m 25:41. at his feet!e Then he said: "Who are you?" In
olS* E N turn she said: "I am Ruth your slaveS girl, and
16:8
you
spread out your s k over
~ your slave
25:s
girl,
for
YOU are a repurchaser."* At that he
Ru 2:20
*RU 2:4
said: "Blessed may you be of Jehovah," m y
daughter. You have expressed your Ioving~ 1 %m:15 kindnessbo b e t h y in the last instance than in the
m u 1:8
first instance: in not going after the young
fellows whether poor or rich. "And now, my
daughter, do not be afraid. All that you say I
am12:4 shall do for you, for all the gatec of my people
!:33:jg are aware that you are an excellent
11:20

b&m:12
Pr 1 : ~

a "To me,"' 8yT. Many Hebrew m a n d p t i , though not having the

word~l,have the Qerij vowel poinh for these mrds after "sag". See
Jndgm 20 : U, footnotec. b Or, "loyal love," Or, "city."

RUTH 3:12-4:1

840

IP
And now M e it is a fact that I m a relJ:m
purchaser,= there is also a repurchaser closer BLa
Dem5
related than I ammo
l3 Ladge here tonight, and
it must o c m in the mornin@ that if he will re- "I'a 31:11
purchase you,' h e ! Let him do the repurchas- 'F;T$
ing. But if he does not take delight in repurchas;,
ing you, then I shall certainly repurchase you, ;y; g
I myself, as sure as Jehovah lives," Keep lying 8:F8,;:!
2c0 I : Z ~
down until the morning.''
11cb at10
14 And she kept lying a t hls feet until t h e
morning and then got up before anyone could
recognize mother. He now said: "Do not let it
be known that a woman e r n e to the threshing
floor,'" "'"And he went on to say: '%ring the *%C,:~,,
~ D1.1:lfi
cloak that is on you, and hold it open." So she J1Lo
10:32
held it open and he proceeded to measure out
six measures of barley and t o place it upon her,
after which he& went into the city,
16 And she went her way t o her mother-fnlaw, who now said: "Who are you, my daughter?" Accordingly she told her everything t h a t
the man had done to her. l7 And she went on to
SAY; "These six measures of barIey he gave me,
for he said to
'Do not mmc empty-handed
to your mother-in-law.' " l s A t that she srtid:
"Sit still, m y daughter, until you know how tlre
matter will turn out, for the man will have no
rest unless he has brought the matter to an end

,!:

today."
As for BoJaz,he went up to t h e gate* and
began t o sit there. And, look! the repurchas;;$g
er was passing by, whom Bo'az had mentlonetlaD2;

*E:!;im

;:

* "He," Mi

z?;

Then he said: "Do turn aside, do sit down here, ORu3:12

vorcl

"'&e9'' Sy-Vg. b 'rTo me,'! LX,TT(By), rind the Qea

poinh of many H e h manuscripts, 8- veme 6, footnotea.

Hence he turned &!id@and sat down.

AE
g;E !?band-so,"
After that he took ten men d the older menA
IKI 21:s
D.31:B
~c 6:i2
01% 4:13

of the cityO and said: "Sit down here." So h y

sat down.

3 He now sajd to the repurchaser:a 'The tract

of
the field that belonged to our brother E.lim'eRU 3.9
Ru2:2o
m u 1:2
lecht Nato.mi must sell, who has returned from
1:1
the field of Mo'ah.' 'As for me, I thoughta that I
BlJera:7 should disclose it t o youlb B & Y ~ R ,'Buy iP in
front of the Inh~bltantsand the older men of my
people.xIf you will repurchase it, repurchase it;
*&Jer23:18
32~10
but if you will not repurchase it, do tell me,that
I may know, for there is no one else but you to
the repurchasing"and I am next to you.' " At
'ggg do
that he said: ''I shall be the one to repurchase
it." Then Bopazsaid: "On the day that you buy
the field from Nn'o.rnils band, it is also from
Qlsa2:m Ruth theMo'~b*i+tess,
thewifeGof thedead man,
that you must buy it so as t o cause the name" of
the dead man t o rise upon his Inheritance,""'
?&","4=il9
~e 2 5 5
To this the rep~trchasersaid: ''I am unable to
Mt 22:X
LU 2 0 : s repurchase it for myself, for fear I may ruin my
own inheritance. You rqmrchase it for yourself
with my right of repurchase, because I mn not
abIe to do the repurchasing."
7 Now this was the customc of old time in
IsraelQ
concerning the right of repurchasec and
2, concerning
the exchange, t o establish every
znflm9 case: A man had t o drnw his sandal" off and
EEa14:20 give it to his fellow," and this was the attestation in Israel. * So when the repurchaserd said
t o BoJaz: "Buy it for yourself," he proceeded
t o draw his sandal offaB Then Bo'az said t o the

"$gP,?

zz

LiterxUy, 'l
slid [to myself]." b Lit~mll;p,"1 ahodd uncover
yonr ear:' C C'Cwtom,"L,LYS;r.Vp; bi~tnti~qingin bi, d Or, "go'el!'
See K w h 5 ; 8; 35: 12, * L,LT add% "nnd givo i t ta him."

843

older men and all the people: "YOUare witnessesontoday that I do buy a11 that belonged ;;","$;;
t o E.lim'e.lech and all that belonged to ChWi.on Jer 32:19
and Mah'lon from the hand of Nn'o-mi,dnA"'
also Ruth the Notab.i.tess,t h e wife of Mah'lon,
1 110 buy for myself as a wife4 to catlse the name OH", Fij8
of the dead man- to rise upon his inheritmce r ~ e 2 i : f l
and thnt the name of the dead man may not be
cut ofr from among his brothers ~ n from
d
the ;p&alo
GP?.Y:GO
gate of hts place. You are witnesses today."*
1 C e 2<::<
11 At this all the people that r w r e in the gate ;
;;gI:
and the older men said: 'Witnesses! May Jeho- * c z~i.1;;
vnh grant" the wife& who is coming into your c%:!:::
2!1:(,
house to be like RacheIp8 and like Le'ah,Onboth pGe
_"GP 2%10
of whom builr the howscA o f Ismel; and you ~
~
prove your worth in Eph'w-thah' and make a
16:4
notaMe namebin Beth"le.hm.'v>' And may your 3G1%
e =:I9
house become like the house of Pe'rezt3 whom
Ta'marU bore to Judah: from the offsspringc z;$;;i;lI
that Jehovah will give you out of this y o u n g Nu
' eB~I~: ~
2i;:L'o
woman.""
1Ch '':.I
13 Accordingly Bo'az took Ruth and she be- iE'YTi3
came his wife and he had relations with her, and s;?!,;'h
Jehovah" granted her mceptlonmand she bore
a son. And the women began to say' t o Na'a- ;y,;:,?,
mi: "Blessed be J e h ~ v a h who
, ~ has not let a *I.~I i:r;i
repurchaser fail for you today, that hisd name OGs 24 P'I
may be proclaimed in Israel. " And he has become a restorer of your soult*and one to nourish
your old age," because your daughter-in-law Apa"!d
who docs lovemyou,O who is bettcr t o you than %",";?,22
seven sons,' has given birth to him." lBAnd+lsa1:8
Or, "wumnn." Ln,'''~onrwife"; SgT, "this wife of yours?'

z~s;

Likrnlly, "and proclaim n nnme." Sc* veme 14. Or, "swd,lS

'~onr.'' LXTIt. Or, "n bringer b e k o f your
lifr." M uses ncph'ed ("soul") hem; I,XX', p ~ j . c k 8 ;Tg, a'rai.mn,
$

d r.lli~;'
31Syfrg;

&
*lsa 1732
1%

20:31

Isa 22:1
Is8 11.1
P . 15:12
~
'Ru 4:12

RWTH 4: 17-22

Na'aml prsmded to take the child and to put

it in her bosom and she m e t o be its nurse.
17Then the neighborO ladies gave It a name,"
saying: "A 8c)n has been born to Nato.mi." And
they began ta call his name 0'bed.a' EIe is the

father of IJes'se,' David's father.

18 NOW
these are t h e generations 0f Pe'rez:'
Pe'rez became father t o Heztron;O i" and W d NU
1Chz6:21
2:5
rm became father to Ram;" and Ram became
A
h
and A m .min'a-dab
father of Am.min'a.dab;
01";h61y0
~ 1 1 3 : 3 3 becarne father to hrah'shm;+
and Nah'shon he+\-U 1
'F;ICII?:U
came father to Sa1'rnon;b 31and Sallrnonci( b e
Lu 3:32
nlCh Z ; I E came father t o Bo'az; and Bdazn became father
~ l C 16:1
rlSa
215
h
to Orbed;" a d Orbedabecame father t o des'se;~
became
father to David.n
~
$and Jes'se
,
~
cce 4 k 1 2

Meaning " 8 m ~ n t " ,or, "One semhggn "Sf'rnon," LXX ( A ) Vg,

wveral Hebrew mannamipts, nnd the Etbiopic, Armminn nnd
Snhidie versions; "Sn'L'~t~ah,"Jf; "8airman,"LXX(B). a "Sal'mon,"
JfLXX(A)Jrg; L4Pnl'mon," LXX(R). See Mntthew 1: 4, B nild Luke 3 : 31-33.

APPENDIX

2: 19

SCRIPTURE VERSES BPEUIFIGALLP QOMTtIEPSTED ON

9:10

GENESIB1:20

GENESIB

. . . . . . . . 844

....... 851

Soas

J M ~ A 18:16

9:15

. . . . . . . .852

GENESIS, CHAPTER 10

. . . 853

9: 16
Leviticus
11:10
11:46
11:46
24: 18

SWBSECTB
Page
Page
852
TABLE
OF THF. 70 F m m s
851
~ T E TRH E FLOOD
853

..........

GEHENKA
SHEOL

9: 12

Page

Page

............
. . . . . . . . . . . . 844

....

Numbers
31:28

Genesis 1:20 - 'bods*'

( V 3 3, neph'eah, Hebrew ; wux-(l, pspchBr, Greek ; a'a%.ma, Latin)
In the Octateuch, or first eight books of the Hebrew Scrip

1:21
1:24
1:30

844

one soul out of five hundred, of humankind and of

the herd and of the asses and of the flock.
Sod,
a living pewon or Individud

-man came to be a livihg s o d

2:7 ,
the souls whom they had acquired in Haran,
"Give me the souls, but take the property
a11 the souls of his house and his herd
All the souls of his sons and of his daughters
she bore these to Jacob: sixteen souls.
A11 the souls were fourteen.
46: 22
all the souls were seven.
46:25
All the souls who came to Jacob into Egypt
46:26
All the souls were sixty-sh.
46: 26
46:27
born to him In Egypt were two souls,
46:27
All the souls of the house of Jacob
Exodus
all the souls who issued out of Jacob's
1:5
came t o be seventy souls,
1:5
his house according to the number of souls;
12:4
Only what every soul needs t o eat,
12:16
according to the number of the souls that
16:16

12:5
14:21
36:6
46: 15
46:18

such. This I s absolutely different from the pagan ideas of

what the ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, Greeks and Romans
called a "soul". Ey studying over the context of the Hebrew
word neph'esh in its 231 occurrences in the Octateuch the in.
vestigaror can learn distinguishing features about the soul in
Its true meaning. To aid in this we have grouped belaw, under
various headings, the texts where the Hebrew word wepKesh
occurs. This Ilst bears a comparison with that given in the
Appendix of the New World Translation of the Christian Greek
Sertpttcres, pages 762766. It will further aid the student if he
consults the footnote given an the word in any verse.
The anlmaEs lower than man are souls or have soul
"Let the waters s w a m forth a swarm of living
souls
sea monsters and every living soul that glides,
"Let t h e earth put forth living souls
everytMng creeping upon the earth in which there
is l i f e as a soul

every living soul that is in the waters,

every living soul that glides in the waters
every soul that swarms upon the earth,
the fatal striker of the soul of a domestlc animal
should make compensation for it, soul for soul,

Genesis

tures, we have succeeded in consistently rendering the Hebrew

word nepk'esh as "soul". Ln each case it proves understandable in the light of its context The use o f this one Hebrew
word in many different contexts helps us t o ascertain the main
or basic idea inherent in the word as the Bible writers used
it, namely, that (1) I t is a geraon, an individual, or a lower
animal, or, (2) I t i s the life that a person or animal enjoys as

Genesis
1:20

the man would call it, each livlng soul,

wlth every living soul that i s with you,
between me and you and every living soul that is
between me and you and every living soul among all
between God and every living soul among all flesh

Leviticus
2: 1
4:2
4:n
5: 1
5:2
5:4
5 :15
5 : 17

case some soul would present as an offering

'In case a soul should sin unintentionally
if any soul of the people of the land should sin
" 'Now in case a soul should sin
when a soul touches some unclean thing,
in case a soul should swear
"In case a soul should behave unfaithfully
if a soul, should sin in that he has done

in

APPENDIX
6:2
7: 18
3:20

7:21
1:%5
T:27

17:10
17:13
17:15
18:29

20:6
20:0
22:6
2
:
23:29

23:30
27:2

Numbers

"In case a soul should ~ l nin that he has

the soul t h a t eats some of 11 will answer
the soul who eats the fieah of the communion
in case a soul should touch anythlng unclean,
the soul that eats must be cut off
Any soul n7ho eats any blood,
the soul that is eat in^ t h e blood
" K o soul of you should cat hlaad
any soul that eats n dead body or ~olnetling
tfte souls doing them must hc cut off fmm
the soul tvha turns himself to tile spirit mediurns
I shall certainly set my lace araInsE ;hat soul
The soul $%-hatouches m y sz~chmust be unclean
In case a priest shauld purchase n soul,
every soul that wlll not be ndllctcd
any soul that will do any RorE o f work
a special vow-offertng. of souls to Jehovah

thenthatsoulhasbecomeguilty.
idanysoulshouldsinbyn~Istake,
the soul
made a mlstahc by a sin
15:30
the soul that does somcthlng deliberately,
19:13
the souls that happened to hc there
1Y:22
the soul who touches i t wlll be unclean
31:3J
As for human soul8 from the women wha had not
31:35
nil the souls were tldrtylwo thousand.
31:40
the human souls were sixteen thousand,
31:40
the tax on them f o r Jel~ovahwas thirty-two souls.
31:46
and human souls, sixtee11 thousand.
3 5 ~ 3 0 one witness may not testify againat a soul
beutet+onorny
10:22
With seventy souls your forefathers went
24:F
i t Is a soul that he Is seizin^ na n pledge.
24:7
lcidnaping a soul of his brolliers of the sons
Llfo as an Intelligent porson or nn snlrnal
Genesis
9:4
Only flesh wfth it8 soul-its hlaod9:S
your blood of your souls slrall I ask back,
'3:s
shall J ask back the soul of mnn.
10:li
"Escape for your soul!
32:30
and yet my soul was deltvereb,"'
35:18
her soul was g o h g out Iheml18e she d k d )
Exodus
1:19
men who were hunting for your mu1 are dead."
5:G
15:27
15:28

21:23
21:30
2:3:9

30:12
30:15
30:16
Levlllcue
17: 11
17:11
17: 11
17~14
17:14
17:f 4
26:lfi

you must glve soul for soul,

give the nedemption price for hls ~ o u l
known the soul of the temporny 3tesicl~fIP,
alve a ransom f o r his soul t o fchovcth

n~alceatonement for your soula,

make atonement for your souls,''

the soul of the flesh is In the blood,

t o make atonement for your ~ n u l s ,
blood that makes atonement by the $ 0 ~ 1 it,
the soul of every sort of flesh Is its blood
is lts blood by the soul In It.
soul of every sort of flesh IS its blooct,
makfng the soul pFne Away,

Numh~rs

ButnorvoursoulIsdl.leclawny.
the soul of the people bejian tlrlna out
our soul has become disgusted ~t'lthIhe
make atonement for our ~ o u l sbefore Jehovah."
35:31
take no ransom for the soul of n murderer
Deuteronomy
inquire for him with all p u r h e m and with all
4:29
your soul.
all your soul and all your vital force,
6:s
10:12
Gd~thallyourheartandalEyuur~oul;
serve hlm with all your heart ~ n AIL
~ your
l
mul,
11:X3
apply these words of mine to your heart ancl your
11:18
11:G
21:4
21:s
1

- sou1

the blood fs the soul

you must not: eat the soul with the flesh.
Cod with all your heart sncl all your soul,
come because of any longlng of hla soul
soul will be for soul, eye f o r eye,
hc 1s llftlng up his soul to him wages,
with all your heart and all your soul,
falling of the eyes and despair of soul,
eons, with all your heart and all your soul,
nll your soul for the sake ai your life.
God wlth all your heart ancl all your mul,
Joshua
9:24

22:5

23:14

we became very much airaid for our ~oule

him with all your heart and wlth all your so~lT."
know with all your hearts and with all your swla

FLJudges
9:17

12:3
15:25
18:25
18:25

Ruth

and went risking his soul

detednecl to put my soul In my own hand

men bitter of soul may assault you people
you have to forfeit your QI1Rsoul
forfeit . . . the soul of your household!'

he has become a restorer of your saul

+:I5

The c w a k soul is mortul, destructlUe

Genesis
12:13
1
19:19
f9:20
3i":21

Exdus
U:15
9

3r:14
Leviticus
7:20
7:21
7:27

19:s
22:3
23:30
24:17

APPENDIX

APPENDIX

my soul will be certaln t o Uve due ta yon,"'

that soul must be cut off from his people,
exerased wit11 me to preserve my soul allve,
and my soul will live on."
"Let us not strike his soul fatally."

22:26
27325

Joshua
2:13
2:14
10:28

10:30
10:32

10;35
10~37
10~37

10:39
11:11

20:3
20:9

that soul must be cut off from Israel.

t h a t soul must be cut off from the assembly
that soul must be cut off from the midst

Judges
5 : 18
1 G : 16

16:30

that soul must be cut ofP from his people

that soul must be cut off from his people.' "
that soul must be cut ofP from his people.' "
that soul must be cut off from hls people.
that soul must be cut oU from before me.
I must destroy that soul from among
strike any soul of man kind fatally,
(See also Leviticus 7:25; I ' i ; l O ; XS:29; 20:6; 23:29,
quoted above.)

you must dclher our souls from death."

"Our souls are to cllc instead of you peo~E&
' T ~ o f i ~ T ~ fazcl
i eFewissoul'that was% it to de-

stsuctIot1.
a t r l k l n ~It and every soul that was in it
strlklng tt ant1 every so111that was in it
der.ote(i evely soul that was in it t o destrudon
every soul that tvas In It with the edge of the sword.
devoted St and every soul that was in it to destmctlon,
devoting every soul that was In it to destruction
strlklng every soul that was in it
who f ntally strl keg a soul unintentionatly
who Totally strikes a soul unintentionally,

that scorned their aouls to the point of death;

soul got l o be Impatlent to the point of dying.
"Let my soul die with the Phillstines!'
Ons'n awn rrelt ea n aaul

"If ycr~tr.s r ~ ! ~ nl sx r c r In bru.y my dead

that my soil]. inny hlcss you before I die,"
that your soul rimy blcss me;:
that my soul may hlefis you.
that your ~ o u nltry
l
tllrss me."
his soul h ~ a n
c l l n g l n ~to Dinnh
h1.s swil is n:tached to your daughter.
we saw the dlstress of hls soul
when that one's soul is hound up with
huund up w i t h this one's soul.
do net corne, O my saul.

Numbers
9:13
15:30
15:31
14:13
19:20
23110

that soul must be cut off from hfa people,

that: sauI must be cut o f f from among hls people.
that soul should be cut aff without fail.
that soul must be cut off from Israel.
that soul must be c ~ off
t from the rnldst
"Let m y soul die the death of the z~prlght
31:19
n e r y o n e who has killed a soul
35:91
who fatally strikes a soul unintentlonally.
35:13
that fatally strikes a soul unintentlonnlly.
35:30
" 'Every fatal striker of a soul should be slain
Deuteronomy
19:6
he may indeed strlke Ms soul fatally,
19:11struck his soul fatally and he has dled

lndeeil rnurtlers him, even a soul,

a bribe to strike a soul, fatally,

3
--

--

11: 4.1
16:29
1
20:35
23:27
23: 32

Ijo not mnkc your st1uI9 loathsome

you must nut -dcfll~your soi~ls
you should afflict your souls,
you must ~ R l l c tyour souls.
you must not make your souls Ioathsome
you must ~ m i r tyour souls
you must nlHict yoltx souls

26 :15
26: 43

your souls will abhor my judicial declsfms

their souls had abhorred my sratutes.

Numbers
16:38
men who sinned against their awn souls.
yon must afflict your soub.
bind a vow of abstinence upon his soul,
vow that she has bound upon her s o d
vow that she has bound upon her sou1
voxvs that she has bound upon her soul,
lips that she has bound upon her souI,
vows that she has bound upon her soul
lips that she bound upon her soul,
everything that she has bound upon her soul
vow upon her soul by an oath,
vow that she has bound upon her soul
an abstinence vow of her soul,
abstinence vow to d f c t : the soul,

14:26
14:26
21:14
23 :24
Joshua
23:11
Judges
5:21

b vi.ti cus

19:28
21:1
*,

21:n
22:4

Numbers

take good care of your soul,

you must take good care of your souls,
whenever your soul craves it
your soul craves to eat meat,
whenever your soul craves it
whenever your soul craves it.
y o w companion who I s like your own soul,
whatever your soul may crave
that yorr soul may ask of you,
send her away agreeably to her own soul,
enough grapes for you to satisfy your soul,
be on constant guard for your soula

You went treading down strength, O my soul,

Dead soul, or cornse
gutsj$g_oyrwflesh J ~ dgc~ase_dLsoglLa
'For a tpce_as~-soulno one may defile himself

he s h o r n not coz to any .anyone unclean by a deceased

s.wl

everyone unclean by a &ceased soul.

he may not come toward any dead soul.
he has sinned because of the S
T
become unclean by a human soul

'We are unclean by a human soul,

happen t o be unclean by a soul
Anyone touching the-_of*y
:gseLChe sou]. of whatever
God has

Leviticus
26:11
26: 30
Judges
10:16

soul

m y sou7 will n o t abhor you.

m y soul will simply abhor you,

his soul became impatimt be ause of the misfortune of Israel.

C- /7k@-L
7

(5:Kp, Sh.?dE', Hebrew; @lq, Haitd&, Greek: i w f d m ~ t sL, a t h ;

Shf+ztl',,Syriac)

((8he6P)
In the seven occurrences of the Hebrew word
in the Octateuch we have transliterated the word as "She'ol".
This procedure we propose t o follow throughout the 65 occurrences of the word in the Hebrew Scriptures, The Greek
Septu.ngint Vevsion generally renders the word as "Ha'des".
( S e e "Hardes"in the Appendix of the Nsur WorId Trclnshtim
of the C h r i s t b ~Greek Bmipttires, page 172.) The derivation
of the Hebrew word Xhe6Er is uncertain. Accordtng t o one
derivation it literally means the "place o f inquiry"; according
to another, the "hollow place1';according to another, the place
that asks for and demands all without distinction of persons.
It is in the earth and is always associated with the dead, and
plainly means the common grave of all mankind, or gsavedom, o r the e a r t w (not seal region of the dead; in contrast
with the Hebrew word qab'er, which means an individual grave
ar bufial place. [Genesis 23:4, 6 , 9, 20) Below we quote the
seven occurrences of the Hebrew word SheBI' in the Octateuch:

Genesis
37:35
42: 38

44:29
44: 31.

"For I shall go
CL-*l 1 1 1
LIIICUL,

down. mourning to my son into,

then you would certalnIy bring down my gray hairs

with grief to Sheol."
you would certainly bring down my gray hairs with
calamity to Sheol.'
your slaves will indeed bring down the gray hairs
of your slave our father with grief ta Sheol.

852

APPENDIX

Numbers
16:30

But if i t Is something created t h a t Jehovah will

create and the ground has to distend its mouth
and swallow up them and everything that belongs t o them and they have to go dorm alive
into Sheol,
16:33 So down they went and aLI who belonged to them
alive into Sheol, and the earth went covering
them over,
Deuteronomy
32:22
"'For a fire has been ignited in my anger and it
will burn down to Sheol, the lowest place,
aoshua 18: 16

--

(P3nr2, Gey Hin.fiomF, Hebrew; ~ ~ E W UE~t!Cen-na,

,
Greek;
Ge.emtnam, Latin)

I ~the
I book of Joshua w e discern the roots Tor the formatton
of the word "Gehenna", used in the Christian Greek Scriptures
and there sjmbolizlng destruction beyond recovery or resurrection, that is, utter annihilation, (See- "Gehenna" in the Appendix of the New Workl T r a n s l a t i o ~of ths Gkrbtdan Greek

Scriptures, pages 766, 767.) "Gehenna" IiCeraIly means "Hinnom Valley" o r "Valley of I-Ffnnom". It surrounded Jerusalem
on the west and south and was part of the boundary line
between the tribes of Judah and Benjamh, Jerusalem ftself
belonging t o the latter tribe. Below we give the verses in
Joshua showing the development of the word "Gehenna":
Joshua
And the boundary went up t o the valley of the son
15:s
of Hinnom [ g e g ben-Hin.nomr, Hebrew1 to the
slope of the Jebusite at the south, that is to say,
Jerusalem, and the boundaiy went up to the t o p
of the rnountafn that faces the valley of Hinnom
[gey-Hinmom', Hebrew; Oe.enPnom,Latin] to the
west, which is at t h e extremity of t h e low plain
of Rephairn to the north.
And the boundary went down t o the extremity of
18:X
the mountain t h a t faces the valley of the son of
Hinnom, which is in the low plain of Rephaim
to the north, and it went down to the valley of
Hinnom, t o the slope of the Jebusite on the
south, and went a w n t o En-rogel,

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