Math 234 Practice Second Midterm #2 Solutions

Winter 2016
1. Find the area of the part of the cylinder x 2 Cz 2 Da2 that lies within the cylinder r 2 Dx 2 Cy 2 Da2 .
Solution: To compute the surface area we need dS . Two possibilities are either
r
q
1
dS D 1 C zx2 C zy2 dx dy or dS D 1 C zr2 C 2 z2 r dr d I
r
p
p
because z D ax x 2 D a2 r 2 cos2 , the Cartesian version has only one term while
the version in polar coordinates will have two. Since the Cartesian version appears simpler,
we try that:
r
r
a2
a
x
x2
) dS D 1 C 2
dx
dy
D
dx dy D p
dx dy :
zx D p
2
2
2
a
x
a
x
a2 x 2
a2 x 2
Next, we have to integrate this over a circle of radius a in the x; y plane. Since it is independent
of y, we do y first:
Z a Z pa 2 x 2
Z a
Z a
p
a
a
2
2
SD
dy dx D
2 a
x D
2a dx D 4a2 :
p
p
p
2
2
2
2
2
2
a
x
a
x
a
a x
a
a
This is only the surface area of the top part, of course. Multiplying by 2 to include the bottom,
we get S D 8a2 .
2. A central force is one that depends solely upon distance from the origin and which is directed
O r 2 Dx 2 Cy 2 Cz 2
either away from or toward the origin, i.e., FE D f .r/Er , where rE D xO{ Cy |OCz k,
E  FE for a central force?
and f .r/ is an arbitrary function of r. What is r
 
E  'G
E G
E G
E D r'
E C 'r
E with ' D f .r/ and G
E D rE. This
Solution: We use the identity r
gives


E  f .r/Er D r.f
E .r//  rE C f .r/r
E  rE :
r
First we do

{O
|O
kO

E  rE D @=@x @=@y @=@z D 0E :

r

x
y
z

E .r// D f 0 .r/rr.
E The easiest way to get
Thus, the second term above is zero. In addition, r.f
E is to take the gradient of r 2 Dx 2 Cy 2 Cz 2 ; this gives
rr
E 2 / D r.x
E 2 C y 2 C z2/
r.r

E D 2xO{ C 2y |O C 2z kO D 2Er
2r rr

The first term in the cross product is therefore

rE
f 0 .r/
f 0 .r/  rE D
rE  rE D 0 :
r
r
E  FE D 0 for any central force FE .
Therefore r

E D rE :
or rr
r

Math 234 Practice Second Midterm #2

Page 2

3. Let FE D GM m rE=r 3 be the inverse-square gravitational force field, where rE D xO{ Cy |OCz kO
and r D jEr j.
E
(a) Find the potential function  such that FE D r.
(b) Determine the amount of work done by FE in moving a particle from a point at position rE1
to a point at position rE2 .
E  FE D 0 from the previous problem. In addition, the
Solution: First of all, we know that r
E D rE=r from the previous problem suggests a simple way to find :
result that rr
n
E
E D nr n 2 rE :
r.r
/ D nr n 1 rr

Here we want n

2D

3 so n D

1. Then
D

GM m so D GM m and

GM m
:
r

Of course, to this we can always add an arbitrary constant C .

Doing the line integral from a point rE1 to a point rE2 , we have the work is

Z rE2
Z rE2
Z rE2
1
E
d rE D
W D
FE
d rE D
r'
d' D '.Er2 / '.Er1 / D GM m
r2
rE1
rE1
rE1

1
r1


;

where r1 D jrE1 j and r2 D jrE2 j. Of course, one can also directly integrate
@
D
@x

GM m

.x 2

x
C C z 2 /3=2
y2

 D GM m

.x 2

1
C g.y; z/ :
C z 2 /1=2

y2

Then one merely needs to check @=@y and @=@z to show that g.y; z/ can be nothing more
complicated than a constant C .
Alternate solution:
E  FE D 0,
Another way to get the potential is to realize that because r
R
the work given by C FE
d rE is path independent, and so any path
C can be used. We can therefore determine this integral by first
integrating from the point rE1 radially outward to a distance that is
r2 D jEr2 j from the origin, and then along a sphere of radius r2 to the
point rE2 ; see the figure for a diagram of this.
Along the first part of the path, we have rEDr rO1 , where rO1 DEr1 =r1 . Note
that d rE D rO1 dr. Therefore, we have
Z
Z r2
Z r2
r rO1
dr
E
F
d rE D
GM m


r
O
dr
D
GM
m
1
2
r3
C1
r1
r1 r



1 r2
1
1
D GM m D GM m
:
r r1
r2 r1

C2

r2

C1
r1

Along the second part of the path, we have rE
rE D r22 . Taking differentials, we find rE
d rE D 0.
Thus, along this path FE
d rE D 0, and no work is done moving the particle along C2 . Thus, the
total work is that given above, and one can see that the potential is  D GM m=r.

Math 234 Practice Second Midterm #2

Page 3

4. Evaluate the integral

I

y 2 C e .e / dx C tan 1 .y/ dy

where C is the boundary of the region between the parabolas yDx 2 and xDy 2 traversed
counter clockwise.
Solution: We use Greens theorem

I


@
2
.e x /
1
y Ce dxCtan .y/ dy D
tan 1 .y/
C
R @x


@  2
.e x /
y Ce
dx dy D
2y dx dy
@y
R

Doing the integral with respect to x first, this becomes

Z
2

y
0

y2

Z
dx dy D 2

3=2

2
dy D 2
5

1
4


D

3
:
10

5. Calculate the flux of the vector field FE D xO{ C y |O C z kO out of the closed surface S formed by
the intersection of the two paraboloids zDx 2 C2y 2 and zD3 2x 2 y 2 :
Solution:
We need to calculate

FE
nO dS

Lets do the surface integrals by projecting into the x; y plane. The two surfaces intersect
when x 2 C 2y 2 D 3 2x 2 y 2 or when x 2 C y 2 D 1. So we will integrate over a circle of radius
1; that is the region R.
O dx dy D 4xO{ C 2y |O C k
O dx dy. On the bottom
On the top surface dS D zx {O zy |O C k
O dx dy D 2xO{ C 4y |O k
O dx dy. (We choose the minus sign on
surface dS D zx {O zy |O C k
the bottom surface because we need an outward normal). Therefore taking the dot product
with FE on the top and bottom surfaces we get the integrals

 2

 2

2
2
2
4x C 2y C 3 2x
y dx dy and
2x C 4y 2 x 2 2y 2 dx dy I
R

here we have also substituted zD3 2x 2 y 2 and zDx 2 C2y 2 on the top and bottom, respectively. Adding up these two integrals, we get



Z 2 Z 1


9
1 1
2
2
2
C
D
:
3 C 3x C 3y dx dy D 3
.1 C r / r dr d D 6
2 4
2
0
0
R