International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org

Volume 5, Issue 1, January - February 2016
ISSN 2278-6856

Development of hydraulic calculator for flow

calculation through Notches, Weirs and Orifices
in Agricultural Water Management.
P.R. Kolhe, M.Tharkar, R Dharskar , S.Desai .S.Joshi
1

Assiatant professor, CAET, Dapoli

Abstract
To simplify the calculations Hydraulic calculator which is a C
programme is developed for 10 different flow measuring
devices viz. Rectangular Notch or Weirs, Suppressed
Rectangular Weirs, Contracted Rectangular Weirs, Triangular
Notch or Weirs, Trapezoidal Notch or Weirs, Broad-crested
Weir, Stepped Notch, Large Rectangular Orifice, Fully
Submerged Rectangular Orifice and Partially Sub-merged
Rectangular Orifice Accurate measurement of irrigation
water permits intelligent use of this valuable natural resource.
Flow calculation is the determination of the quantity of water
that passes through a pipe, conduit or open channel. The
calculator was developed for above 4 flow measuring devices
using C language Version 3.0 Turbo c++ copyright (c)1990,
1992 by Borland International was developed.

Key word: - Notches, weirs, orifices and Waterway

1.INTRODUCTION
Soil and water are two very precious resources that the
nature has bestowed on planet earth. These are the basic
assets, which human being possesses free of cost from
nature and the whole agriculture based on these resources.
In case of soil and water accurate measurement of
irrigation water permits intelligent use of this valuable
natural resource. Flow calculation is the determination of
the quantity of water that passes through a pipe, conduit
or open channel. Flow may be expressed as a rate of
volumetric flow in units such as gallons per minute, cubic
meters per minute, cubic feet per minute. Rectangular
Notch or Weirs, Suppressed Rectangular Weirs,
Contracted Rectangular Weirs, Triangular Notch or
Weirs, Trapezoidal Notch or Weirs, Broad-crested Weir,
Stepped Notch, Large Rectangular Orifice, Fully
Submerged Rectangular Orifice and Partially Sub-merged
Rectangular Orifice
Flow calculation through various flow calculations
through Notches, Weirs and Orifices are the most
commonly used devices for flow measurement and
calculation and waterways are the backbone of water
conveyance and distribution system where flow calculation
is essential.
This paper discusses the different hydraulic calculator for
flow calculation through Notches, Weirs and Orifices and
Computer Programming Tool in Agricultural Water
Management for development of the hydraulic calculator
for flow calculation through various waterways .c

Volume 5, Issue 1, January February 2016

language program for to develop the hydraulic calculator

for flow calculation through various waterways.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The methodology used to develop Hydraulic calculator for
Flow Calculation. It includes different formulae and
theoretical considerations those are used while developing
the calculator. It also encapsulates the configuration of the
system and information about the used to develop
calculator.
Configuration of the System
Desktop System :- Intel Pentium 4, 2.0 GHz, 1 GB
DDR 2-RAM,
Intel 845 Series Motherboard ,
Nvidia Geforce 4 440-8x AGP card ,
Microsoft
TM
Windows XP Professional Version 2002 Service Pack 2
,Windows Development
,
Microsoft Access
2000(9.0.2720)
About the platform
For the development of Hydraulic Calculator for flow
measurement through Waterways, Notches, Weirs &
Orifices using C language Version 3.0 Turbo c++
copyright (c)1990, 1992 by Borland International, Inc.
following different formulae are used.
C language program
The programme is prepared in the C language Version 3.0
Turbo c++. To develop the hydraulic calculator for flow
calculation through Notches, Weirs and Orifices.
#include <stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define g 9.81
#define tan45 1
void main()
{
float b,d,e,R,A,s,n,t,z,P,d1,V,Q; /* This parameter for
various waterway*/
float cd,L,H;
/* This parameter for
Rectangular notch or weirs*/
float m1;
/* This parameter for
Triangular notch or weirs*/
float cd1,cd2;
/* This parameter for
Trapezoidal notch or weirs */

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 5, Issue 1, January - February 2016
ISSN 2278-6856
float L1,L2,L3,H1,H2,H3;
/* This parameter for
Stepped notch*/
float Q1,Q2,Q3;
/* This parameter for
Partially sub-merged orifice*/
// this variable used to break the formula in
case-11,
int kk, choice = 0 ;
clrscr();

Q=0.66*cd*L*(sqrt(2*g))*pow(H,1.5);
printf("\n\t\t\t Discharge through Rectangular Notch
Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*For print press print key*/
getch();
break;
}

while (choice!=11)
{
clrscr();
printf("\tTo calculate flow through Notches,Weirs &
Orifices\n");
printf("\t\t 1 .Rectangular Notch or Weirs \n");
printf("\t\t 2.Suppressed Rectangular Weirs \n");
printf("\t\t3.Contracted Rectangular Weirs\n");
printf("\t\t 4.Triangular Notch or Weirs \n");
printf("\t\t 5.Trapezoidal Notch or Weirs \n");
printf("\t\t6 .Broad-crested Weir\n");
printf("\t\t 7 .Stepped Notch\n");
printf("\t\t 8.Large Rectangular Orifice\n");
printf("\t\t 9 .Fully Submerged Rectangular Orifice\n");
printf("\t\t 10 .Partially Sub-merged Rectangular Orifice
\n");
printf("\t\t11 .EXIT \n");

{
clrscr();
printf("\n\n\t\t***
Suppressed Rectangular Weirs
***\n");
printf("\n\tInput values for Suppressed Rectangular
Weirs==>\n");
printf("\n\t\tEnter the value of Length of crest(cm)
\tL=");
scanf("%f",&L);
printf("\t\tEnter the value of Head over the crest (cm)
H=");
scanf("%f",&H);
printf("\n\tOutput value for Suppressed Rectangular
Weir==>\n");
Q=(0.0184*L*pow(H,1.5))/1000;
printf("\n\t\tDischarge through Suppressed Rectangular
\n\t\t\tWeirs Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*For print press print
key*/
getch();
break;
}

printf("\n\t ENTER YOUR CHOICE <1 -15>");

scanf("%d",&choice);
switch (choice)
{
case 1:

case 3:

/*Trapezoidal waterway*/

{
clrscr();ase 5:

case 2:

/* Rectangular notch or weirs */

{
clrscr();
printf("\n\n\tB.To calculate the flow through
Notches,Weirs & Orifices \n\n");
printf("\n\t\t***
5.Rectangular Notch or Weirs
***\n");
printf("\n\t\t
Input
values
for
Rectangular
Notch==>\n");
printf("\n\t\t\t Enter the value of Coefficient of
discharge cd\n\t\t\t(0.60-0.65)=");
scanf("%f",&cd);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Length of crest(m)
\tL=");
scanf("%f",&L);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Head over the crest (m)
H=");
scanf("%f",&H);
Q=0;
printf("\n\t\tOutput
value
for
Rectangular
Notch==>\n");

Volume 5, Issue 1, January February 2016

/* Suppressed rectangular weirs */

/* Contracted Rectangular Weirs */

{
clrscr();
printf("\n\n\t\t***
Contracted Rectangular Weirs
***\n");
printf("\n\tInput values for Contracted Rectangular
Weir==>\n");
printf("\n\t\tEnter the value of Length of crest(cm)
\tL=");
scanf("%f",&L);
printf("\t\tEnter the value of Head over the crest (cm)
\tH=");
scanf("%f",&H);
printf("\t\tEnter the value of no.of end contraction n=");
scanf("%f",&n);
printf("\n\n\tOutput value for Contracted Rectangular
Weir==>");
Q=(0.0184*(L-(n/10)*H)*pow(H,1.5)/1000);
printf("\n\n\t\tDischarge
through
Contracted
Rectangular \n\t\t\tWeirs Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/* For print
press print key*/
getch();
break;
}
case 4 /* Triangular Notch or Weirs */
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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 5, Issue 1, January - February 2016
ISSN 2278-6856
{
clrscr();
printf("\n\n\t\t*** Triangular Notch or Weirs ***\n");
printf("\n\t\tInput value for Triangular Notch==>\n");
printf("\n\t\t\t Enter the value of Coefficient of
discharge \n\t\t\t\t\t\t cd(0.60-0.65)=");
scanf("%f",&cd);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Head(m) \t\tH=");
scanf("%f",&H);
printf("\n\t\t Output value for Tringular Notch==>\n");
Q=0.53*cd*tan45*sqrt(2*g)*pow(H,2.5);
printf("\n\t\t\tDischarge through Triangular Notch
Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*For print press print key*/
getch();
break;
}
case 5:

/* Trapezoidal Notch or Weirs */

{
clrscr();
printf("\n\n\t\t***
Trapezoidal Notch or Weirs
***\n");
printf("\n\t\tInput
values
for
Trapezoidal
Notches==>\n");
printf("\n\t\t\t Enter the value of Length of crest(m)
L=");
scanf("%f",&L);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Coefficient of discharge
for");
printf("\t\t\t\t\tRectangular notch (0.60-0.65)cd1=");
scanf("%f",&cd1);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Coefficient of discharge
for");
printf("\t\t\t\t\tTriangular notch cd2(0.60-0.65)=");
scanf("%f",&cd2);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Head of water over
notch(m) H=");
scanf("%f",&H);
printf("\n\t\tOutput
values
for
Trapezoidal
Notch==>\n");
Q=0;
Q1=0.66*cd1*L*sqrt(2*g)*pow(H,1.5);
printf("\n\t\t\t 1. Q1=%5.2f",Q1);
Q2=0.53*cd2*tan45*sqrt(2*g)*pow(H,2.5);
printf("\n\t\t\t 2. Q2=%5.2f",Q2);
Q=Q1+Q2;
printf("\n\t\t\tDischarge through Trapezoidal Notch
\n\t\t\tQ1+Q2 Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*For print press print
key*/
getch();
break;
}
case 6:

/* Broad-crested weir */

{
clrscr();
printf("\n\n\t\t*** 10.Broad-crested Weirs ***\n");

Volume 5, Issue 1, January February 2016

printf("\n\t\t Input values for Broad-crested Weirs==>\n

");
printf("\n\t\t\t Enter the value of Coefficient of
discharge \n\t\t\t\t\t cd(0.60-0.65)=");
scanf("%f",&cd);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Length of crest(cm)
\tL=");
scanf("%f",&L);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Head(cm) \t\tH=");
scanf("%f",&H);
printf("\n\t\tOutput
values
for
Broad-crested
Weirs==>\n");
Q=(1.705*cd*L*pow(H,1.5))/1000;
printf("\n\t\t\tDischarge through Broad-crested Weir
Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*For print press print key*/
getch();
break;
}
case 7:

/* Stepped Notch */

{
clrscr();
printf("\n\n\t\t*** Stepped Notch ***\n");
printf("\n\t\t Input values for Stepped Notch==>\n");
printf("\n\t\t\t Enter the value of Coefficient of
discharge \n\t\t\t\t(0.60-0.65)cd=");
scanf("%f",&cd);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Length of notch1(m)
L1=");
scanf("%f",&L1);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Length of notch2(m)
L2=");
scanf("%f",&L2);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Length of notch3(m)
L3=");
scanf("%f",&L3);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Height of water above");
printf("\n\t\t\t the crest of notch1 H1=");
scanf("%f",&H1);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Height of water above");
printf("\n\t\t\t the crest of notch1 H2=");
scanf("%f",&H2);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Height of water above");
printf("\n\t\t\t the crest of notch1 H3=");
scanf("%f",&H3);
printf("\n\t\t Output values for Stepped Notch==>\n");
Q1=0.66*cd*L1*sqrt(2*g)*(pow(H1,1.5)pow(H2,1.5));
printf("\n\t\t\t 1.Q1=%5.2f",Q1);
Q2=0.66*cd*L2*sqrt(2*g)*(pow(H2,1.5)pow(H3,1.5));
printf("\n\t\t\t 2.Q2=%5.2f",Q2);
Q3=0.66*cd*L3*sqrt(2*g)*pow(H3,1.5);
printf("\n\t\t\t 3.Q3=%5.2f",Q3);
Q=Q1+Q2+Q3;
printf("\n\t\t\tDischarge through Stepped Notch
Q=Q1+Q2+Q3 (m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*Fpr print press print
key*/
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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 5, Issue 1, January - February 2016
ISSN 2278-6856
getch();
break;
}
case 8:

/*

Large Rectangular Orifice */

{
clrscr();
printf("\n\n\t\t*** .Large Rectangular Orifice ***\n");
printf("\n\t\t Input values for Large Rectangular
Weirs==>");
printf("\n\n\t\t\t Enter the value of coefficient of
discharge \n\t\t\t\t(0.60-0.61)cd=");
scanf("%f",&cd);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Height of water
above\n\t\t\t\ttop edge of orifice(m) H1=");
scanf("%f",&H1);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Height of water
above\n\t\t\t\tbottom edge of orifice(m) H2=");
scanf("%f",&H2);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Breath of orifice(m)
b=");
scanf("%f",&b);
// printf("\n\n\t\t\t Enter the value of Depth of
orifice(m) d=");
// scanf("%f",&d);
Q =0;
printf("\n\t\tOutput values for Large Rectangular
Orifice==>\n");
Q= 0.66*cd*b*sqrt(2*g)*(pow(H2,1.5)-pow(H1,1.5));
printf("\n\t\t\tDischarge through Large Rectangular
Orifice \n\t\t\t\t\torifice Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*for print
press print key*/
getch();
break;
}
case 9:

/* Fully submerged Rectangular orifice */

{
clrscr();
printf("\n\n\t\t***
13.Fully Submerged Rctangular
Orifice ***\n");
printf("\n\t\t Input values for Fully Rectangular
Submerged Orifice==>\n");
printf("\n\t\t\t Enter the value of Coefficient of
discharge \n\t\t\t\t(0.60-0.65)cd=");
scanf("%f",&cd);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Height of water above
top \n\t\t\t\tedge of orifice(m) H1=");
scanf("%f",&H1);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Height of water above
bottom\n\t\t\t\tedge of orifice(m) H2=");
scanf("%f",&H2);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Width of orifice(m) b=");
scanf("%f",&b);
printf("\n\t\t Output values for Fully Submerged
Rectangular Orifice==>\n");
Q=cd*b*(H2-H1)*sqrt(2*g*(H2-H1));

Volume 5, Issue 1, January February 2016

printf("\n\t\t\tDischarge through Fully Submerged

Rectangular Orifice\n\t\t\t\t Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*For
print press print key*/
getch();
break;
}
case 10: /* Partially sub-merged orifice */
{
clrscr();
printf("\n\n\t\t*** 14.Partially Sub-merged Rectangular
Orifice ***\n");
printf("\n\t\t Input values for Partially Sub-merged
Orifice==>\n");
printf("\n\t\t\tEnter the value of Coefficient of
discharge\n\t\t\t(0.60-0.65) cd=");
scanf("%f",&cd);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Height of water above
top\n\t\t\t edge of orifice(m) H1=");
scanf("%f",&H1);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Height of water above
bottom\n\t\t\t edge of orifice(m) H2=");
scanf("%f",&H2);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value for water level difference
H(m)=");
scanf("%f",&H);
printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Width of orifice(m) b=");
scanf("%f",&b);
printf("\n\t\t Output values for Partially Sub-merged
Revtangular Orifice==>\n");
Q1=cd*b*(H2-H)*sqrt(2*g*H);
printf("\n\t\t\t 1.Dicharge of sub-merged portion
Q1(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q1);
Q2=0.66*(cd*b*sqrt(2*g)*(pow(H,1.5)-pow(H1,1.5)));
printf("\n\t\t\t
2.Dicharge
of
free
portion
Q2(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q2);
Q=Q1+Q2;
printf("\n\t\t\t 3.Dicharge through Partialy \n\t\t\tSubmerged
Rectangular
Orifice
Q(Q1+Q2)(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*For print press print key*/
getch();
break;
}
}
// end of case 14
} // end of all cases
}
// manin switch statement end
// end of 1 start and end brace bracket
Output screen of program for
Rectangular Notch or Weirs, Suppressed Rectangular
Weirs, Contracted Rectangular Weirs, Triangular Notch
or Weirs, Trapezoidal Notch or Weirs, Broad-crested
Weir, Stepped Notch, Large Rectangular Orifice, Fully
Submerged Rectangular Orifice and Partially Sub-merged
Rectangular Orifice

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 5, Issue 1, January - February 2016
ISSN 2278-6856

2.Conclusion
To develop the hydraulic calculator for flow calculation
through various flow measuring Rectangular Notch or
Weirs, Suppressed Rectangular Weirs, Contracted
Rectangular Weirs, Triangular Notch or Weirs,
Trapezoidal Notch or Weirs, Broad-crested Weir, Stepped
Notch, Large Rectangular Orifice, Fully Submerged
Rectangular Orifice and Partially Sub-merged Rectangular
Orifice easily so that a common man can calculate it. The
calculator was developed for 14 flow measuring devices
using C language Version 3.0 Turbo c++ copyright
(c)1990, 1992 by Borland International was developed
1. System is platform independent.
2. The Hydraulic calculator was developed to calculate
the flow through flow measuring devices.
3. Calculator is user friendly.
4. Calculated values were found nearest to that of onpaper calculations.

References
[1.] E balagurusamy, 1989 Programming in ANSI C (4E)
Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publisher, New Delhi
[2.] A M Michel, 2008 Irrigation Theory and Practice
Second Edition. UBS Publishers Distributors New
Delhi-110 00

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 5, Issue 1, January - February 2016
ISSN 2278-6856
[3.] Anonyous.1990.Runoff International Institute for
Land Reclamation and Improvement, Netherlands

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