7/30/2014

CS341:OperatingSystem

Lect01:30th July2014

Dr.A.Sahu
DeptofComp.Sc.&Engg.
IndianInstituteofTechnologyGuwahati

Coursewebsite:
http://jatinga.iitg.ernet.in/~asahu/cs431/
ClassVenue

Require Knowledgeof
CS204:Algorithms

CoreIII:3202

UseofAlgorithmdesign,Graph,Analysis,
Use of Algorithm design, Graph, Analysis,
Approximation,Heuristics,etc..

ClassTiming&Venue
Tue
Wed
Thu
Mon

Course,Attendance,ReferenceBook
Whatdowestudyinthiscourse?
Whyshouldthisbestudied?
y
WhatisOperatingSystem?
Howisthecoursestructured?

09.00AM09.55AM
10.00AM10.55AM
11.00AM11.55AM
08.00AM08.55AM(Slotformakeupclass)

CS222:ComputerOrg.&Architecture
InterfacetoBIOS,ArchitectureandISA

OthersReferenceBook

TextBook
Silberschatz,A.andGalvinP.B,OperatingSystem
Concepts,8/e.Wiley,2008

ReferenceBook
Stalling,W.OperatingSystems:Internalsand
DesignPrinciples,6/e.Pearson,2008.
Tanenbaum,A.SModernOperatingSystem.3/e.
Pearson,2007.
Dhamdhere,D.MOperatingSystems:AConcept
BasedApproach,McGrawHill,2008.
5

MauriceHerlihy,Nir Shavit,ArtofMultiprocessor
Programming,Elsevier2009
C.CrowleyOperatingSystems:ADesignOriented
Approach,TataMcGraw HillEducation,2009
Buttazzo GiorgioC.HardRealTimeComputing
Systems,SpringerVerlag,2011
P.Brucker SchedulingAlgorithms,Springerverlag,
2007
J.Corbet,A.Rubini LinuxDeviceDrivers,,3rd Ed.
O'ReillyMedia,2005
6

7/30/2014

75%AttendanceisMandatory

Copy/Plagiarismleadto`FGrade

AnykindofCopy/Plagiarismleadto`FGrade

Grading

TakehomeexamandQuiz
Bothsource(fromcopied)anddestination(tocopied)
willbepenalized
Open:Ifyouraretakingfromsomesources,please
f
k f
l
site/mentionthesource(Internetorpeersorseniors)

5%classparticipation
30%midsemester+45%endsemester
10%Quiz(2Quiz)+10%takehome(2times)
Takewillbeannouncedinclassandtobe
submittedinthenextclass
Takehomeandquizwillnotbeannounced
earlier

RelativeGrading:Butwith
Above80pointismandatoryforAAgrades
MaynotensureAA

FailGrade:lessthan30%ofhighestscore
amongallthestudentsofCS341

Acomputersystemconsistsof
Hardware,Systemprograms,Applicationprograms
Office
Word,Excel

Banking
System

WebBrowser

Command
Interpreter
OperatingSystem

C
Compilers
il

Edit
Editor

MachineLanguage
Microarchitecture

Anoperatingsystemmanagesall:
Input
gettinginformationintothecomputerfroman
externalsources
keyboard,amouse,ascanner,oradisk.
y
,
,
,

Application
Program
S
System
Program

Processing
Afterreceivinginput:manipulatesoraltersthedata

Output
Hardware

Oncetheinputhasbeenprocessed
Resultoutputtoamonitor,printer,diskorsentvia
emailortheWeb
10

PhysicalDevices
9

PCOS
Microsoft:Window95,98,XP,Vista,7,8,NT
Apple:Machintos,IBM:OS2,OS360/390
Unix,Linux,Ubuntu,Fedora,BSDUnix,Solaris

EmbeddedOS

MainframeOS,ServerOS
Multiprocessoroperatingsystems
Personalcomputeroperatingsystems
Realtime
Real
timeoperatingsystems
operating systems
Aircraft,RadarDetection,Naval/SpaceMachine

Android,iOS,WindowCE/Phone8.1,Bada OS,
QNX,MeeGo,BlackBarry,uLinux,TinyOS

Embeddedoperatingsystems

WebBrowserOS:Crome OS,EyeOS,YouOS
RouterOS:CSIRONET,Netware,CiscoIOS,SAN

Smartcardoperatingsystems

OS

11

Mobile,Printer,Scanner,Projector,Camera,
WashingMachine
Ecos,TinyOS,SensorOS

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Operating systems turn ugly hardware into

beautiful abstractions.

OSisanextendedmachine
Hidesthemessydetailswhichmustbe
performed
Presentsuserwithavirtualmachine,
Presents user with a virtual machine
easiertouse

ApplicationPrograms
BeautifulInterface

OperatingSystem

OSisaresourcemanager
Eachprogramgetstimewiththeresource
Eachprogramgetsspaceontheresource

UglyInterface

Hardware

13

Allow multiple programs to run at the

same time
Manage and protect memory, I/O
devices,, and other resources
Includes multiplexing (sharing) resources
in two different ways:

Delvingintothedepthsrevealsmore
information
Anabstractionomitsunneeded
detail, helpsuscopewithcomplexity

In time
In space

16

intsum(intx,inty)
{
intt=x+y;
returnt;
}

_sum:
assembly
pushl%ebp
movl%esp,%ebp
movl12(%ebp),%eax
addl8(%ebp),%eax
movl%ebp,%esp
popl%ebp
ret

0x401040<sum>:

machine
code

0x55
0x89
0xe5
0x8b
0x45
0x0c
0x03
0x45
0x08
0x89
0xec
0x5d
0xc3

Register file
CPU

PC

ALU
System bus

Bus interface

Memory bus
Main
memory

bridge

I/O bus
USB
controller
Mouse
17

Graphics
adapter

Keyboard Display

Disk
controller

Expansion slots for

other devices such
as network adapters

Disk
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Bridgethegapbetweenhardwareand
software
Establishafoundationforbuildinghigher
levelprograms
level programs

Providesavirtualexecutionenvironment
ontopofhardware
Thatismoreconvenientthantheraw
hardwareinterface

Allofthecodeyoudidnotwrite
MoreSimple,Morereliable,More
secure,Moreportable,More
efficient.

Howtooptimizeprograms?
Howtodebuglargesystems
Howtodealwithcomplexity

19

Managephysicalresources
Providevirtualresources
Implementmechanismsandenforce
p
policiesforthecontrolanduseof
resources
Mediatetheinteractionofmutually
distrustingapplications

20

CPU,Memory
StorageDevices,Networks
I
InputDevices(keyboard,mice,cameras)
D i
(k b d i
)
OutputDevices(printers,displays,
speakers)

Andmanyvirtualresources
21

22

Tolearn

Tolearn

Theorybehindresourcemanagement
Theorybehindconcurrencyandrelated
issues
Howtoadopttonewhardwareresources
andstandardization
Issuesaffectingmodernoperating
systems(Android,VxWork,Distributed
OS,)

AdvancedPowerManagementSupport
MulticoresupportinOS
Howtodevicedriverandhowallthe
H t d i di
dh
ll th
interfaceworks
Howthesystemcallworks..

23

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t2
t1

tn1

t4

t3

t5

tn

Scheduler
P1

P2

P3

25

Assumption(Verysimplistics)

26

OptimizationCriterion

LetsNTaskarrivesattime0
Alltasksareindependenttask
ith tasktakest
task takes ti amountoftimetoexecuteon
amount of time to execute on
anyprocessor
Homogenous:Allprocessorareofsametype
andspeed
Interruptionnotallowed:Taskassignedtoa
processorwillexecutecompletelywithout
interruption

Minimizefinishingtimeoflastexecuted
task:MinimizeCmax

27

t2
t1

t4

t3

tn1

t5

ProcessManagement
tn

Processandthread,schedulingexamples
SchedulingAlgorithms:Theoreticalprospects

Scheduler
P1

P2

28

Concurrency

P3

Mutualexclusion,synch.,semaphores,deadlocks
Mutual exclusion synch semaphores deadlocks
AtomicInstructions,designandproofof
Synchronizationalgorithmsandpolices

HowtoSolve?Isthereanyapproaches?
H t S l ? I th
h ?
ScheduleLongestTaskfirst===>FAIL
ScheduleshortestTaskfirst====>FAIL
DynamicProgramming====>FAIL
NPCompleteProblem
NeedtosolveusingApproximationorHeuristics

MemoryManagement

29

Allocation,protection,hardwaresupport,paging,
segmentation,virtualmemory,demandpaging,
allocation,replacement,TLBs
Algorithmictreatment:Memorymanagement 30

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FileManagement
Naming,fileoperationsandtheirimplementation;

FileSystems
Allocation,freespacemanagement,directory
management,mounting;
DistributedFileSystem

I/OManagement
Devicedrivers,diskscheduling
LinuxDeviceDriver&KernelProgramming
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