Emergency Airplane RATs

Michael J. Zolidis
Chief Engineer Electric Systems
February 21, 2006

Page 1
12-2-2002
 Over 50 Years of Electric Systems Aerospace Experience

1945 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 2005

MD-90
TU-204R C-5 RERP
C-131 F-8U/2N GULFSTREAM IV A340-500 /600
A-10 DC-8 SERIES 70 LCA
B-47 C-5A
F-8U/3 CH-54 AIRBORNE LASER
C-133 TORNADO CH53 E-8A A400M
CH-47D SAAB 2000
VC-10 VFW-614 CL-600 JAS-39
F-3C EFA 777-300
A-3J SABRELINER XFV-12A TR-1 777-200
KC-135A KC-135E SR-71 CL-604 E-2C
F-4 F2 F-35
B-66 JA-37 B-1B NIMROD 2000
CH46 FALCON 20 G-222/C-27 BAE-146 HAWKER 800 /1000
X-31A AVRO RJ
DC-8 SERIES 60 737-600 /700 /800
F-101 S-3A E-3A F-20 JSF/CDA
CL-44 EH 101 F-22 ARJ21
CH-3C EA-6B 717
DHC-7 SH / UH-60 ERJ-135
B-57 B-52H E-6A LEARJET 60 EFA 2000
737-100/200 LEARJET 55 DHC-8-400
F-106 FALCON 200 B-2
JETSTAR A319 A380
AJ-37 V-22 C-17A L-159
F-14A KC-135R RAH-66
B-52F/G E-4B 728JET
SR-71 A300-600 A340 D609 G550-AEP MMA
DHC-8-300
DC-8 C-135B L-1011 ERJ-145 GV-SP
B-36 CF-5 MD-80 A330
HAWK C-1 /ECM /STOL SAAB 2000
J-35 CARAVELLE 10B 100 / T-45A CRJ-700
DC-9 F-15E FOKKER 70 SUKHOI RRJ
F-27 737-300 /400 /500
B-57D C-141 F/A-18 E/F CARGOLIFTER
US-1 HAWK 200 CL 160
B-58 F-28
CH47A-C F-16 C /D /N MD-10
P-2J F-16 A/B VC-25A IL-96M/T
F-100 S2F A300B F-14B/D
A-7A 747-300 G-450
MERCURE AV-8B FOKKER 50 CRJ-100 /200 757-300
F-102 CONCORDE F-15 CL-601
727-200 ADV 767 AWACS 737AEW&C
MD-11 A321 787
CL-28 DHC-5D
F-111 VH-3D C-5B GLOBAL EXPRESS
Commercial EF-111A A310 X-45 UCAV
LEARJET 45
Military 720B
747-100/200 A-4 H/M 757
AMX
A320
HAWKER HORIZON E-10A
Business 707 P-2E/H 767
IDF
KFIR FOKKER 100 DHC-8-200
Ram Air Turbine A-6E/KA-6D EMBRAER
727 DC-10 DHC-8-100 170/190
C-130J Falcon F7X
F-18 C/ D 747-400
767-400ER

1945 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 2005

Page 2
12-2-2002
Video

Page 3
12-2-2002
Page 4
12-2-2002
 What is a Ram Air Turbine?

• A small windmill that extracts power from the airflow

• Most common use is to provide emergency power in
the event of an all-engines out failure

Page 5
12-2-2002
 Emergency Ram Air Turbine
Purpose: provide emergency power to essential
systems when all engines fail
• Hydraulic power for powered actuation of flight control
surfaces
• Electric Power for flight control computers,
essential instruments, radio, cockpit lighting,
windshield and pitot tube de-icing

The airplane becomes a glider

when all engines fail
Page 6
12-2-2002
Page 7
12-2-2002
What could cause an all-engines
out condition?
• Fuel exhaustion
• Fuel contamination
• Volcanic ash damage
• Extremely heavy rain or hail
• Human error

Page 8
12-2-2002
 Ram Air Turbines Save Lives!

Boeing 767 - Fuel Exhaustion - August 1983

69 Lives Saved
Page 9
12-2-2002
 Ram Air Turbines Save Lives!

CL600 - Fuel Contamination- March 1994

2 Lives Saved
Page 10
12-2-2002
Ram Air Turbines Save Lives!

A310 - Fuel Exhaustion – July 12, 2000

150 Lives Saved
Page 11
12-2-2002
Ram Air Turbines Save Lives!

Ram Air
Turbine

A330 - Fuel Leak - August 24, 2001

304 Lives Saved
Page 12
12-2-2002
 Do Four-Engine Aircraft Need
an Emergency RAT?

Fuel Exhaustion Fuel Contamination Volcanic Ash

Four-Engines Do Not Provide Protection From These Threats

A340, A380,C-5A, C-17, and Nimrod all have Ram Air Turbines

Page 13
12-2-2002
 Who uses RAT’s
• All Airbus airplanes
• A300/310, A321/320/319/318, A330/340/340-500, A380
• Boeing’s newer airplanes
• 757, 767, and 777
• DC-10/MD-11

• Several Business and Regional Jet’s

• Challenger, GX, F7X, CRJ, ERJ-700, 728JET
• C-17 & C-5A
• Many older military jets

Page 14
12-2-2002
The Worlds Leading Supplier of
Ram Air Turbines

Page 15
12-2-2002
 Why not use something else:
Such as batteries or an APU
• RAT’s offer:
– Unlimited duration of power
– No fuel required
– Low cost of ownership
– On demand reliable operation
– Full flight envelope performance
• RAT’s are usually the most efficient method of
providing aircraft emergency power

Page 16
12-2-2002
 Description of RAT Operation
• Deploy signal commanded (automatic or manual)
• Uplock releases
• Deployment actuator provides force to open RAT
compartment doors and deploy RAT into airstream
• Turbine locked in position until blades clear aircraft
• Turbine is released and accelerates to rated speed
• Turbine governor maintains speed control
• RAT provides emergency power to aircraft
• RAT remains deployed for rest of flight
Page 17
12-2-2002
 Turbine Speed Governor

Turbine governor adjusts blade angle to

maintain constant rotational speed

Page 18
12-2-2002
RAT Speed Governor Mechanism

At low speed At high speed

Spring holds blades in Counterweights act to compress
fine pitch position spring and rotate blades to
(high power extraction) coarse pitch position (low power
extraction)
Page 19
12-2-2002 .
 Typical Installations for
Emergency Ram Air Turbines

Mid-Fuselage
Mid Fuselage Belly Mount Under Wing
Wing Flap Track Mount Forward
Forward Fuselage
Fuselage Mount
(A321 RAT System) (A340 RAT System) ( Challenger/RJ RAT System)
(belly)
15-35% (Flap10-25%
Track Fairing) (nose)
5-10%
Degradation Degradation Degradation

Page 20
12-2-2002
Typical RAT Aircraft Installation

Stowed
Position

Deployed
Position

Page 21
12-2-2002
Emergency Power Approach
Hydraulic RAT with HMG

CRITICAL FLIGHT
CONTROLS HYDRAULIC
LOADS

HM G

AC/DC
CRITICAL LOAD BUS

Page 22
12-2-2002
Emergency Power Approach
Electric RAT with ACMP

CRITICAL FLI GHT

CONTROLS
HYDRAULIC LOADS

AC/DC CRITICAL
ACM P
LOAD BUS

Page 23
12-2-2002
Emergency Power Approach
Hybrid RAT (electric and hydraulic)

CRITICAL FLIGHT CONTROLS

HYDRAULIC LOADS
AC/DC CRITICAL
LOAD BUS

GENERATOR
OUTPUT

HYDRAULIC
PUMP
OUTPUT

Page 24
12-2-2002
 Hamilton Sundstrand
RAT Product Line
Existing Turbine Designs

19″ 24″ 27″ 29.5″

13 INCH DIAMETER 39.5 INCH DIAMETER

z Hawk z A321
z Tornado z A320
z A319
z A318
z A340-500/600
Horsepower Range
2.6 HP at 130 KEAS 54 HP at 130 KEAS

Under development - 62” Diameter A380 RAT - 85 HP at 130 KEAS

Page 25
12-2-2002
Typical RAT Systems

Page 26
12-2-2002
 RAT TEST
Wind Tunnel Deployment and Start-up

Page 27
12-2-2002
Icing Conditions Testing

Page 28
12-2-2002
Lightning Strike Testing

Page 29
12-2-2002
RAT Powered Aerial Refueling Pod

Page 30
12-2-2002
Other Pod RAT Applications

Target Towing Electronic Warfare

Page 31
12-2-2002
 Over 50 Years of Electric Systems Aerospace Experience

1945 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 2005

MD-90
TU-204R C-5 RERP
C-131 F-8U/2N GULFSTREAM IV A340-500 /600
A-10 DC-8 SERIES 70 LCA
B-47 C-5A
F-8U/3 CH-54 AIRBORNE LASER
C-133 TORNADO CH53 E-8A A400M
CH-47D SAAB 2000
VC-10 VFW-614 CL-600 JAS-39
F-3C EFA 777-300
A-3J SABRELINER XFV-12A TR-1 777-200
KC-135A KC-135E SR-71 CL-604 E-2C
F-4 F2 F-35
B-66 JA-37 B-1B NIMROD 2000
CH46 FALCON 20 G-222/C-27 BAE-146 HAWKER 800 /1000
X-31A AVRO RJ
DC-8 SERIES 60 737-600 /700 /800
F-101 S-3A E-3A F-20 JSF/CDA
CL-44 EH 101 F-22 ARJ21
CH-3C EA-6B 717
DHC-7 SH / UH-60 ERJ-135
B-57 B-52H E-6A LEARJET 60 EFA 2000
737-100/200 LEARJET 55 DHC-8-400
F-106 FALCON 200 B-2
JETSTAR A319 A380
AJ-37 V-22 C-17A L-159
F-14A KC-135R RAH-66
B-52F/G E-4B 728JET
SR-71 A300-600 A340 D609 G550-AEP MMA
DHC-8-300
DC-8 C-135B L-1011 ERJ-145 GV-SP
B-36 CF-5 MD-80 A330
HAWK C-1 /ECM /STOL SAAB 2000
J-35 CARAVELLE 10B 100 / T-45A CRJ-700
DC-9 F-15E FOKKER 70 SUKHOI RRJ
F-27 737-300 /400 /500
B-57D C-141 F/A-18 E/F CARGOLIFTER
US-1 HAWK 200 CL 160
B-58 F-28
CH47A-C F-16 C /D /N MD-10
P-2J F-16 A/B VC-25A IL-96M/T
F-100 S2F A300B F-14B/D
A-7A 747-300 G-450
MERCURE AV-8B FOKKER 50 CRJ-100 /200 757-300
F-102 CONCORDE F-15 CL-601
727-200 ADV 767 AWACS 737AEW&C
MD-11 A321 787
CL-28 DHC-5D
F-111 VH-3D C-5B GLOBAL EXPRESS
Commercial EF-111A A310 X-45 UCAV
LEARJET 45
Military 720B
747-100/200 A-4 H/M 757
AMX
A320
HAWKER HORIZON E-10A
Business 707 P-2E/H 767
IDF
KFIR FOKKER 100 DHC-8-200
Ram Air Turbine A-6E/KA-6D EMBRAER
727 DC-10 DHC-8-100 170/190
C-130J Falcon F7X
F-18 C/ D 747-400
767-400ER

1945 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 2005

Page 32
12-2-2002
Page 33
12-2-2002
 d0
e= Volts
dt
Page 34
12-2-2002
Page 35
12-2-2002