STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

A PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD

OF THE M.COM DEGREE OF

MASTER IN COMMERCE
(MANAGEMENT)

SUBMITTED TO
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI,
LALA LAJPATRAI COLLEGE,MAHALAXMI,MUMBAI
SUBMITTED BY

NAME OF THE STUDENT:

RAMSHA SHAIKH

UNIVERSITY ROLL NO:

15160618

SUPERVISED BY
DR.S.V.LASUNE

OCTOBER 2015

CERTIFICATE
I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the M.Com. Internal Project Report
entitled Swot on Parle, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Master
of Commerce in Management and submitted to the Lala Lajpatrai College of Commerce and
Economics,Mahalaxmi,Mumbai 400034 is an authentic record of my own work carried out
under the supervision of _________________. The matter presented in this Project Report has
not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree elsewhere.

Signature of Student:

Signature of Supervisor(s):

Internal Examiner:

External Examiner:

College Stamp

Principal

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to professor ______________. Dept
of for his generous guidance,help and useful suggestions.
I express my sincere gratitude to professor_____________ or his stimulating guidance,
continuous encouragement and supervision throughout the course of present work.
I also wish to extend my thanks to professor______________ and other colleagues for
attending my seminars also for their insightful comments and constructive suggestions to
improve the quality of this project work.
I am extremely thankful to _______________ coordinator and Principal _____________for
providing me infrastructural facilities to work in, without which this work would not have been
possible.

Signature of Student:

ABSTRACT

On December 3 1984, more than 40 tons of methyl isocyanate gas leaked from a pesticide plant
in Bhopal, India, immediately killing at least 3,800 people and causing significant morbidity
and premature death for many thousands more. The company involved in what became the
worst industrial accident in history immediately tried to dissociate itself from legal
responsibility. Eventually it reached a settlement with the Indian Government through
mediation of that country's Supreme Court and accepted moral responsibility. It paid $470
million in compensation, a relatively small amount of based on significant underestimations of
the long-term health consequences of exposure and the number of people exposed. The disaster
indicated a need for enforceable international standards for environmental safety, preventative
strategies to avoid similar accidents and industrial disaster preparedness.
Since the disaster, India has experienced rapid industrialization. While some positive changes
in government policy and behavior of a few industries have taken place, major threats to the
environment from rapid and poorly regulated industrial growth remain. Widespread
environmental degradation with significant adverse human health consequences continues to
occur throughout India.
December 2004 marked the twentieth anniversary of the massive toxic gas leak from Union
Carbide Corporation's chemical plant in Bhopal in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India that
killed more than 3,800 people. This review examines the health effects of exposure to the
disaster, the legal response, the lessons learned and whether or not these are put into practice in
India in terms of industrial development, environmental management and public health.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Bhopal Gas Tragedy was the worst industrial catastrophe in theIndian History. It occurred in
1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, the capital of
Madhya Pradesh. At the time of accident, UCIL was the Indian subsidiary of the U.S. company
Union Carbide Corporation (UCC). UCC is now a subsidiary of Dow Chemical Company. At
the midnight on December 3, 1984, there was a leak of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas and
other toxinsfrom the gas plant. This leakage affected around half million people. According to
the official data, the immediate death toll was 2,259. However, the government of Madhya
Pradesh confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths due to gas lekage. But other government and nongovernment agencies estimate more than 15,000 deaths. Thousands of children died after the
accident or were permanently disabled.
Around 70 per cent of the children born before the disaster continue to suffer from respiratory
diseases and 55 per cent from affected eyesight. After the accident, many pregnant women
suffered miscarriages ,while others delivered malformed babies. More than half the children
exposed to the gas in their mothers wombs died. Many others were born with deformities
and permanent disabilities.Even after 25 years after the gas leak, 390 tons of toxic chemicals
abandoned at the UCIL plant continue to leak and pollute the groundwater in the region and
affect thousands of Bhopal residents who depend on it.
This is a very serious issue. Many civil and criminal cases are still pending in the United States
District Court, Manhattan and the District Court of Bhopal, India,against Union Carbide.On 8 th
july ex-employees, including the former chairman of UCIL, were convicted in Bhopal
of causing death by negligence and sentenced to 2 years imprisonment and a fine of 1 lakh
Rupees each. They were held guilty under Sections 304-A (causing death by negligence), 304II (culpable homicide not amounting to murder) and 336, 337 and 338 (gross negligence) of the
Indian Penal Code.
Pollution is caused primarily by the affluent. The effects of the pollution are mostly felt by the
developing and the underdeveloped countries. These are the first to fall victims to the pollution
of the world's oceans into which industrially developed affluent countries with no regard to the
environment dump industrial wastes. While development is essential to improve the quality of

life it is equally essential to ensure that development takes place on a sustainable basis. There
are many instances of environmental disruptions due to poorly conceived plans from all over
the world. These disruptions are often manifested in various environmental problems ranging
from air, water, and soil pollution to destruction of forest sand consequent costs to human
health and well-being. The major industrial offenders are petroleum, steel, organic chemicals
and paper industries owned by the industrialized countries.
It is neither scientific nor rational to accept the argument that the developing countries should
develop and progress first and having developed then attempts can be made to rectify the
environmental disruptions that may have been caused during the development process. The
argument is not only unacceptable from an ethical view point , it is also incorrect from
economic considerations.
The "get rich quick" syndrome generally produces short term benefits at long term costs which
often could far exceed the initial gains. Some may argue that since industrialised countries
developed first and then looked after their environmental problems why can the developing
countries not follow the same path? Why are poor nations being asked to pay costs that the rich
nations did not bother paying while they became rich?Also during the industrialisation of the
presently developed countries resources, energy and labour were plentiful and cheap. The era of
cheap energy has now been over for nearly two decades.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Methodology commonly refers to a search for knowledge. One can also define also
research as a scientific and systematic research for pertinent information a specific topic.
Research is an art of systematic investigation. Some people consider research as a movement, a
movement to the known to the unknown.
According to Clifford Woody: - Research comprises defining and redefining problems,
formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating data,
making deductions mil reaching conclusion, and at last carefully testing the conclusion to
determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.
Marketing research is defined as a systematic gathering and analysis of the data concern with
an objective. The whole activity is divided into various parts and after compilation of that we
reach at certain findings, which enable us to marketing decision. It involves the diagnosis of
information needed and the selection of the relevant and inter-related variables.
RESEARCH PLAN:
Research approach: Explanatory and survey method.
Research Instrument : The research instruments used for collecting the primary data were the
questionnaire, as well as secondary data was used.
Period of study: The study was undertaken within duration of 15 days.
SAMPLE PROCEDURE:
Sample size: 50 people.
Sample Method: Questionnaire method.

DATA SOURCES:
PRIMARY:
Primary sources of data are the data which needs the personal efforts of collect it and which are
not readily available. Primary source of data are the other type of source through which the data
was collected.
Following are few ways in the data was collected:
1. Questionnaires: It is the set of questions on a sheet of paper was being given to fill it,
bases on which the data was interpreted.
2. Observation method.
3. Interview method.

SECONDARY:
Secondary sources are the other important sources through which the data was collected. These
are the readily available sources of the data where one had need not put much effort to
collected, because it is already been collected and part in an elderly manner by some researcher,
experts and special.
The secondary sources helpful for the study were:
1) Text books were referred.
2) Internet was made use for the collection of the data
3) Newspapers were also referred.
4) Indian magazines were referred.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 To know the actual reason behind this tragedy.

To know who was basically responsible for Bhopal gas tragedy.
To know what actions had been taken by the government against the culprit
To find out how many peoples were actually the victims .
To know adverse effect of this tragedy on the residents of Bhopal.
To check the present situation of Bhopal.

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Time has been a major constraint throughout the study as it has been only for duration of 1
months.
Enough care is taken in formulating the questionnaire, still some errors may creep in.
Some of the people were not corporative.
Reaching out to the right person was little difficult.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

BHOPAL GAS DISASTERS AN INDUSTRIAL CATASTROPHE

By Sakshi Parasar (2010):
Author Sakshi parasar observed that since 26 years have passed but the worlds worst
industrialcatastrophe BHOPAL GAS disasters repercussions of the day still continue to haunt
not only thevictims but also our country. Victims are still struggling for justice while their wait
for justiceseems to be never ending. On 7th June 2010, Chief Judicial Magistrate gave the
verdict andconvicted all the eight accused in the 1984 BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY.The major
questionarises whether the justice has been done or not?
THE BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY 1984 TO THE EVASION OF CORPORATERESPOSIBILITY
In this art article THE BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY 1984 TO ?THE EVASION
OFCORPORATE RESPOSIBILITY the author{anonymous} describes the inadequacies in
theresponse of the Union Carbide Corporation to the accidental release of the highly toxic
gas,methyl isocyanate, from its plant in Bhopal, India in 1984. Over 20,000 people are
estimated tohave died from exposure to this gas since 1984, with some 120,000 chronically ill
survivors. Union Carbide fought to avoid compensation or to keep it very low. The long, much
delayedprocess of distributing compensation focused on minimizing payouts to victims
.
The corporationtried to blame the accident on a disgruntled employee, whereas key parts of the
safety equipmentdesigned to stop the escape of the gas were not functioning or were turned off.
The corporationhas always sought to underplay the health effects and has refused to release its
research on thehealth impacts of the gas (which could have helped develop more effective
treatment). Inaddition, the medical services in Bhopal have failed to develop a health care
service that offerssustained relief and treatment to the communities most affected. This paper
also describes thework of the Sambhavna

Trust, a charitable body set up to work with the survivors, and itsprogramme to develop simple,
more effective, ethical and participatory ways of carrying ouT research, monitoring and
treatment. Its programmes combine traditional and western systems for health care and it

ensures that individuals and communities are actively involved in all aspects of public
health.describes the inadequacies in the response of the Union Carbide Corporation to
theaccidental release of the highly toxic gas, methyl isocyanate, from its plant in Bhopal, India
in1984. Over 20,000 people are estimated to have died from exposure to this gas since 1984,
withsome 120,000 chronically ill survivors. Union Carbide fought to avoid compensation or to
keepit very low. The long, much delayed process of distributing compensation focused on
minimizingpayouts to victims. The corporation tried to blame the accident on a disgruntled
employee,whereas key parts of the safety equipment designed to stop the escape of the gas
were notfunctioning or were turned off. The corporation has always sought to underplay the
health effectsand has refused to release its research on the health impacts of the gas (which
could have helpeddevelop more effective treatment). In addition, the medical services in
Bhopal have failed todevelop a health care service that offers sustained relief and treatment to
the communities most affected.
BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY AND DOW CHEMICAL: Need for CSR
By Sandipa Lahiri Anand
June 25, 2005Author of the says that the 1984 Bhopal gas disaster involved a catastrophic
failure at Union CarbideCorporation (UCC), pesticide manufacturing plant at Bhopal. India.
Over 15,000 people died, and500,000 injured in the accident. The disaster occurred due to lack
of safety measures and inferior technology at the plant. The aftermath of the disaster was
improperly handled by the management of UCC as well as Dow Chemical after its takeover.
Indian government officials also failed to provideadequate compensation and relief and
rehabilitation to the victims. It had been the source of ongoinglegal battles in both India and the
U.S. Dow being financially sound could have dealt the case on muchhumanitarian ground but it
denied to take any liability and responsibility of the disaster .This case studynarrates the
management and governmental failures towards the victim and asks for proper CSRapproach
towards them.

SEVEN CONVICTED IN DEADLY 1984 BHOPAL GAS LEAK IN INDIA

BY: LARISA EPATKO

A court in India has convicted seven former executives of a Union Carbide subsidiary of
"causing death by negligence" for a gas leak at a company plant that killed an estimated
15,000people in the 1980s. The seven men, some of whom are now in their 70s, were sentenced
to twoyears in prison and fined 100,000 rupees, or about $2,175. They were released on bail
shortlyafter the verdict. An eighth man who was charged has since died. Indian authorities also
tried toprosecute Warren Anderson, chairman of Union Carbide, who came to India after the
leak andwas briefly arrested, then released on bail.His bail expired a year ago. He is now 89
and lives inNew York, and is considered an absconder by Indian courts, reported the Tim.
BHOPAL GAS DISASTERS OR SUPREME COURT DISASTER
This article Bhopal Gas Disasters or Supreme Court Disasterthe author(anonymous 2007)
triesto bring its focus on the existing loopholes and the reasons behind the fact that even after
passageof such long time the justice is not done, still the victims are in pain and suffering.

CHAPTER 3