1.

The ultrasonic method that steers a sound beam by the use of multiple
elements is known as:

phased array

time of flight diffraction

angle testing

pitch and catch testing

2. Couplant displaces the__________ and makes it possible to get more

sound energy into the test specimen.

Surface rust

Surface blemishes

Sound energy

Air

3. The maximum height of an indication obtainable from a given size small

discontinuity on an A-scan ultrasonic instrument can be used to determine:

selectivity of the instrument

sensitivity of the instrument

resolution of the instrument

penetration of the instrument

4. The reason why you must ensure that a test object is thoroughly cleaned
before ultrasonic inspection is.

To enable visual inspection prior to UT inspection.

To provide a brighter surface so that any discontinuity markings will stand out.

To ensure that the probe and couplant can maintain good contact with the

surface.
To minimize contamination of the couplant.

5. Primarily the velocity of sound waves is dependent on:

the pulse length

the frequency

the material in which the sound is being transmitted and the mode of vibration

none of the above

6. The transducers most commonly found in ultrasonic search units used

for discontinuity testing utilize:

magnetostriction principles

piezo electric principles

mode conversion principles

none of the above

7. Alloying results in an increase in

electrical conductivity

tensile strength and hardness

malleability

ductility

8. As frequency increases, sound tends to:

Become more compressed

Scatter more from large or course grain structure

Convert to a different wave mode

Become more penetrating

9. Longitudinal waves are also called:

Surface waves

Pressure waves

Compressional waves

Both B and C are correct

10. Under most circumstances, which of the following frequencies would

result in the best resolving power?

1 megahertz

5 megahertz

10 megahertz

25 megahertz

11. You find indications in the test part that you cannot explain. What do
you do?

Retest, and if still there assume they are not relevant

Ignore them

Go away and come back next day, retest and if they are still there refer to your

supervisor.
Refer them to your supervisor.

12. The freznel zone is also known as the:

near zone

far zone

focal zone

none of the above

13. The distance of a discontinuity from the ultrasonic transducer cannot

be determined when using the:

straight beam testing method

through transmission testing method

angle beam testing method

surface wave testing method

14. When sound travels through a medium:

Its intensity diminishes with distance

It spreads perpendicular to the primary direction of wave travel

Its speed remains constant

All of the above

15. Which type of test block is used to check horizontal linearity and the dB
accuracy per requirements of AWS and AASHTO?

Distance/Sensitivity block

A DSC block

A rompus block

A shear wave calibration block

16. Acoustic impedance is identified by the letter:

17. Which of the following probes is most commonly used for testing
welded metals for laminations before angle beam inspection.

Surface wave probe.

Twin crystal 0 probe.

Single crystal probe.

An angle probe.

18. The frequency marked on a transducer indicates:

The center frequency at which the transducer operates

The range of the transducers operating frequency

The highest fequency produced by the transducer

None of the above

19. Creep crack growth occurs under:

at subzero temperatures.

random amplitude loads.

vibrational loads.

constant applied load.

20. The amount of beam divergence from a transducer (crystal) is primarily

dependent on:

Type of test.

Tightness of crystal backing in the search unit.

Frequency and crystal size.

Pulse length.

21. Within a given material, the speed of sound:

Is constant

Decreases with distance from the transducer

Increases with distance from the transducer

None of the above

22. Linear defects are more dangerous than volumetric defect because:

they are both equally dangerous.

they are lower stress concentrators and are more likely to propagate cracks.

they may be open to the surface.

they are higher stress concentrators and are more likely to propagate cracks.

23. The angle of reflection of a longitudinal wave at an interface:

is less than the angle of incidence.

is equal to the angle of incidence.

is equal to the angle of refraction

is about one half the angle of incidence.

24. In ultrasonic testing, a liquid coupling medium between the transducer

face and the part surface is necessary because:

Lubricant is required to minimize wear on the transducer surface.

An aft gap between the transducer face and the part surface would almost

completely reflect the ultrasonic vibrations.

The crystal will not vibrate if placed directly in contact with the surface of the

part being inspected.

The liquid is necessary to complete the electrical circuit in the search unit.

25. The indication on the oscilloscope screen which represents the far
boundary of the material being tested is called:

Hash

the initial pulse

the main bang

the back wall echo

26. The area in front of a transducer where there are extensive fluctuations
in the sound field is called the:

Far field zone

Surface field zone

Near field zone

Phase shift zone

27. Why arent real defects commonly used in calibration and reference
standards?

They are more difficult to detect with NDT methods

They are always the same size and length

It is cost prohibitive to produce them

Both A and C

28. What law can be used to calculate the angle of refraction within a metal
for both longitudinal and shear waves?

Poissons Ratio Law

Snells Law

Fresnels Field Law

Charles Law

29. The ability to locate a small discontinuity is called:

Resolution

Sensitivity

Wavelength

Frequency

30. Which of the following materials is most likely to produce the greatest
amount of sound attenuation over a given distance?

a hand forging

a coarse grained casting

an extrusion

the attenuation is equal in all materials

31. Which type of transducer can be used to scan wide areas when high
sensitivity is not required?

Mosaic transducer

Single crystal transducer of small diameter

Composite transducer

Paint brush transducer

32. Significant errors in ultrasonic thickness measurements can occur if;

Test frequency is varying at a constant rate.

The velocity of propagation deviates substantially from an assumed constant

value for a given material.

Water is employed as a couplant between the transducer and the part being

measured.
None of the above should cause errors.

33. Which of the following waves is only able to travel through a thin
section of material?

A longitudinal wave

A shear waves

A surface wave

A lamb wave

34. A test method employing two separate search units (probes) on

opposite surfaces of the material being tested is called:

contact testing

surface wave testing

through-transmission testing

lamb wave testing

35. When a longitudinal wave encounters an interface between two

material with different accoustic impedances, what occurs when the

Reflection

Refraction

Mode conversion

Reflection and refraction

36. Resonance or standing waves are a result of:

mode conversion

interference from reflected waves

beam divergence (spread)

attenuation of the sound waves

37. in ___________ ultrasonic waves are transmitted into the test material
in the form of repetitive shock vibrations

pulse-echo testing

continuous wave testing

resonance testing

none of the above

38. On an A-scan display the dead zone refers to:

the distance contained within the near field

the area outside the beam spread

the distance covered by the front surface pulse width and recovery time

the area between the near field and the far field

39. All other factors being equal, which of the following modes of vibration
has the greatest velocity?

shear wave

transverse wave

surface wave

longitudinal wave

40. What type of set-up can provide information about both the size of the
flaw and distance between the flaw and the transducer?

Through transmission

Pitch/catch with two transducers

Pulse echo

Both B and C

41. The accuracy of an ultrasonic thickness test is influenced by?

probe sensitivity

condition of the reflecting surface

accuracy of technicians calibration

all factors above affect accuracy

42. What is the material called that is used to improve the transmission of
ultrasonic sound energy from the transducer into the part

Gel

Goo

Couplant

Contact paste

43. Beam spread is greater when using:

High frequency transducers

Low frequency transducers

Angle beam transducers

Larger diameter transducers

44. The gradual loss of sonic energy as the ultrasonic vibrations travel
through the material is referred to as.:

reflection

refraction

reproducibility

attenuation

45. A disadvantage of using natural quartz crystals in a search unit is:

It will dissolve in water.

It is the least efficient generator of ultrasonic energy of all commonly used

materials.
It is mechanically and electrically unstable.

It easily loses its operating characteristics as it ages.

46. A decibel is:

A unit of measure used only for sound measurements

A logarithmic unit that describes a ratio of two measurements

A logarithmic unit that describes the product of two measurements

None of the above

47. The piezoelectric material in a search unit or probe which vibrates to

produce ultrasonic waves is called:

a backing material

a lucite wedge

a crystal

a couplant

48. Sound can propagate as:

Longitudinal waves

Shear waves

Surface waves

All of the above

49. During contact testing signal amplitude variations from a reflector can
occur due to:

Loss of couplant.

gain setting.

probe angle.

all of the above.

50. When performing a contact inspection on a curved surface, what pieced

of equipment can be used to improve coupling?

A spherically focused transducer

A cylindrically focused transducer

A shaped shoe

A large diameter transducer