Plant Growth and Development

Characteristics of plant growth

Indeterminate
Meristem at certain regions causes growth
Open form of growth
Apical meristems cause primary growth,
elongation
Lateral meristems increase the girth of organs.

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ZONES OF GROWTH

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ZONES OF GROWTH (Anatomy)

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GROWTH CURVE

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Conditions for growth

Nutrients
Water
Oxygen
Temperature
Light
Mineral elements

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Plant growth regulators (PGRs)

Small and simple molecules

Secreted minute quantities
Influence physiological function of plants diverse
chemical composition- (i) indol compound IAA (ii)
adenine derivative -kinetin (iii derivatives of
carotenoids -ABA (iv) terpenes -GA (v) gasesethylene

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Auxin

Control growth of plants

Control cell division & differentiations
Apical dominance
Prevent formation of abscission layer, so prevent
premature leaves, fruits drop.
2,4-D- weedicide

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Gibberellins (GA)

Cause elongation of internodes

Promote bolting in rosette plants
Synthesise Hydrolases to digest and mobilise
reserve food of seed to developing embryo.
Delay senescence.
Increase length of internode in sugarcane.

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Cytokinin

Growth in lateral buds into branches

Overcome apical dominance
promote adventitious shoot formation
Produce new leaves and chloroplasts in leaves
Promote nutrient metabolism
Delay senescence

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Abscisic acid

Induce seed dormancy due to which seed can

withstand desiccation & unfavorable condition.
Stimulate closure of stomata.
Increase tolerance of plants to various stresses.
(stress hormone)
Stimulate formation of abscission layer & abscission
of leaves, fruits etc..

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Ethylene

Promote horizontal growth of seedlings & swelling of axis.

Induce apical hook formation in dicot seedlings.
Promote senescence and abscission of leaves, fruits and
flowers.
Promote root growth and root hair formation ,increase
water absorption.
Help in rapid growth of internode and petioles of deep
water rice plants to help leaves above water level.

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Photoperiodism

plants

Long day
Radish sugar beet

Short day
Tobacco,
chrysanthemum
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Day neutral
Tomato , cotton
cucumber

Vernalisation

Response of plants to low temperature qualitatively

or quantitatively is called vernalisation.

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PRESENTATION BROUGHT TO YOU BY:

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