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BOOK 2
NAME:
CHAPTER : 1 How Plants Grow
BOOK 3
CLASS:
CHAPTER : 1 Photosynthesis
Q.1

An investigation was carried out to find the best conditions for photosynthesis. Four similar sized
plants of the same species were placed in a dark cupboard for 24 hours. A leaf from each plant was
removed and tested for starch. The plants were then watered and placed in the apparatus shown
below. Each glass vessel was illuminated for 24 hours.

(a)
(b)

When the leaves from the plants were tested for starch at the start of the investigation all gave a
yellow-brown colour with iodine. Explain why.
What conditions for photosynthesis were lacking in :

(i)

vessel C? (ii) vessel D? ..

(c)

What would be the effect of the tracing paper covering vessel B?

Ans

(d)

After 24 hours leaves were removed from plant C and tested for starch with iodine solution. What
would be the expected result of this test?

Ans

Q.2

The diagram shows the apparatus used in an investigation.

(a)

An equal amount of a harmless blue indicator was added to each tube. The indicator changes from
blue in alkaline conditions to green in acid conditions. The pH of the pond water and the colour of
the indicator were recorded at the start and again after 6 hours.
The table shows some of the results.

(i)
(ii)

Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form a weak acid.

State the colour of the pond water in tube 2 after 6 hours. ..
Give a reason for your answer.

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Ans

(iii)
(iv)

What was the pH of tube 3 after 6 hours? ..

State the colour and pH of the pond water in tube 5 after 6 hours. Give a reason for each answer.
Colour of tube 5 : .. Reason : ...
pH of tube 5 : ..Reason : ......

(b)(i)

In which of the tubes was photosynthesis taking place?

Ans

(ii)

In which of the tubes was respiration taking place?

Ans

Q.3

The diagram shows some apparatus used to investigate

photosynthesis.The water weed was exposed to three
different intensities of light, each for the same length of
time. The gas produced at each light intensity was
analysed.The results are shown in the table.

(a)

What happened to the percentage of carbon dioxide when

the light intensity was increased from 1 to 8 units?

Ans
(b)
Ans

What happened to the percentage of oxygen when the light intensity was increased from 1 to 8
units?

(c)

Explain why the percentage of carbon dioxide and oxygen changed as the light intensity increased.

Ans

Q.4

The drawings below show

trees in a woodland area at the
beginning of May and at the
end of May. The graph below
shows the amount of light
reaching the top of the trees
and the woodland floor over
one year.

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(a)

Why does the amount of light reaching the woodland floor decrease during May?

Ans

(b)
Ans

Plants grow on the woodland floor. Explain why these plants grow bigger and faster when there is
plenty of light.

(c)

Respiration takes place in the cells of all plants. Complete the word equation for respiration.

Q.5

Joe bought a potted plant. He kept it well watered but some of the leaves turned
yellow.
Joe thought that the plant did not have enough light for photosynthesis.
He moved the plant closer to the window but more leaves turned yellow.
He then thought that the plant did not have enough minerals. The table below
gives information about minerals.
Joes plant did not have enough of one of the minerals in the table.
Use the information in the table to suggest which mineral
this was.

(a)
(i)
Ans
(ii)
Ans

A plant growing in a pot is more likely to be affected by a

shortage of minerals than a plant growing in a garden.
Give the reason for this.

(b)
(i)

Joe bought some fertiliser for his plant.

The names and formulae of four
different fertilisers are shown below.
Give the letter of one box of fertiliser, A,
B, C or D, that would provide each of
the minerals in the table below. Write
the letters in the table.

(ii)

Easy Grow is ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3. How many different

elements are present in ammonium nitrate?

Ans

...

(iii)

How many atoms are present in the formula of ammonium nitrate?

Ans

...

Q.6

The diagram shows a pupils investigation of

photosynthesis.
Sodium hydrogencarbonate can be added to the water to
increase the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide. A
group of pupils added measures of sodium
hydrogencarbonate to the water and counted the number
of gas bubbles given off by the pond weed. Their results
are shown in the table.

(a)

Plot a line graph using these results. Label the axes.

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(b)
Ans

How many bubbles would you expect to be given off per minute if the experiment was repeated
using 4 measures of sodium hydrogen carbonate?

(c)

What do these results suggest about the

composition of the water at the start of the
experiment?

Ans

Q.7
(a)

Look at the following diagram.

What is gas Y? ...

(b)

Where does gas Y enter the plant? .

(c)

What do plants use gas Y for?

(d)

In which process do animals use oxygen?

Ans
(e)

Name process A and B.

A : . B : ..

(f)

What does the arrow labelled X represent?

Ans

Q.8

The diagram shows the stages in testing a green leaf for starch.

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(a)

The stages are not in the correct order.

Place the letters of the stages in the correct order by writing the letters in the boxes. The last stage
has been completed for you.

(b)
(i)
Ans

Give the reason for each of the following stages:

stage C.

(ii)
Ans

stage B.

(iii)
Ans

stage E.

Q.9

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of
photosynthesis of a water plant. The diagram below shows the apparatus used.

(a)

Suggest how you ensure that the plant had a good supply of carbon dioxide?

Ans

(b)(i)

Which gas is given off by the plant? ..

(ii)

How could you test for this gas?

Ans

(c)

How could you prevent the heat from the lamp affecting the experiment?

Ans

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(d)
Ans

How would you use this apparatus to investigate the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate
of photosynthesis?

Q.10

A student carried out an experiment to find out if plants need light to make starch. The diagram
shows what the student did.

(a)

Why was the potted plant kept in a dark cupboard for 48 hours?

Ans

(b)

Why did the student cover part of one of the leaves with aluminium foil?

Ans

(c)

Stage 5 shows three areas on the leaf: A, B and C. Write down the colours these areas would be
stained after testing for starch.

Ans

Q.11

An investigation was set

up to find out if the
concentration of carbon
dioxide affected the rate
of photosynthesis. A
water plant was placed
in each of 6 test tubes
containing water and
different concentrations
of hydrogen carbonate.
The hydrogen carbonate
releases carbon dioxide
into the water. An
indicator was added to
each test tube. The indicator changes from yellow to green when oxygen is released. Each test tube
was illuminated by a lamp placed behind a measuring cylinder full of water. The time for the
indicator to change from yellow to green was recorded and plotted on a chart.

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(a)

What was the purpose of the measuring cylinder full of water?

Ans

(b)

What causes the indicator to change colour?

Ans

The bar chart shows the results of this investigation.

(c)

What was the effect of increasing the hydrogen carbonate concentration from 0.2 to 0.4%?

Ans

(d)(i)

At what concentration of hydrogen carbonate was the rate of photosynthesis highest?

Ans

(ii)

Give an explanation for your answer.

Ans

Q.12
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)

The diagram shows a section through a small part of a leaf.

Which of the structures labelled on the diagram :
is where most photosynthesis takes place?
forms a waterproof layer to the leaf?
controls the entry of carbon dioxide into the leaf?
Water is needed for photosynthesis in the leaf. Describe how
water is carried from the soil to the leaf.

Ans

.
.

(c)

One of the products of photosynthesis is sugar. In which tissue

is sugar transported? ..

Q.13

A student investigated the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis in a water plant.
The results are shown in the following table.

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Plot these results on the graph paper below.

(b)(i)

Describe the effect of temperature on the volume produced.

Ans

(ii)

Suggest an explanation for this effect.

Ans

(c)

What would have been the result if the experiment had been repeated at 70oC? Explain your
answer.
Result: ..................................................................................................................................................
Explanation: .........................................................................................................................................

(d) Name two other factors which influence the rate of photosynthesis.
Ans

Q.14

The diagram shows some of the processes which take place in a green plant.

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(a)

Name A, B and C.
A........................................... B................................................ C................................................

(b)

What is the function of the chlorophyll? ................................................

(c)

In what form do plants such as potatoes store sugar? ................................................

(d)

Which process releases energy in a plant? ................................................

Q.15

The diagram shows some of the ways in which plants use carbohydrates.

(a)

What is cellulose used for in a plant?

Ans

(b)

Why do plants need to produce amino acids?

Ans

(c)(i)

To produce amino acids, plants require a mineral. This is labelled X on the diagram.

(ii)

Name mineral X.
How does mineral X enter the plant?

(d)

Plants store carbohydrates as starch rather than sugar. Explain the reason for this.

Ans

Q.16

A student investigated the effect of mineral ions on the growth of plants. The diagram shows the
apparatus used.

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(a)

Tube A allowed air to be bubbled at intervals through the culture solution. What was the purpose?

Ans

(b)

Suggest a reason why was the glass tube covered with black paper.

Ans

(c)

Suggest one way of measuring the growth of the plant.

Ans

(d)
(i)
Ans

After 4 weeks, the plants were removed and examined. The plant from tube 1 showed normal
healthy growth. The plants in the other tubes showed symptoms of mineral deficiencies. Describe
the appearance of the plant in :
tube 2.

(ii)
Ans

tube 3.

(iii)
Ans

tube 4.

Q.17

The graph below shows the effect of increasing carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of
photosynthesis in an aquatic plant.

(a)

Explain why the rate of photosynthesis increases from point A to B on the graph.

Ans

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(b)

Explain why the rate of photosynthesis remains the same between points B and C on the graph.

Ans

(c)
(i)

As a result of burning fossil fuels, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased in
this country. Suggest how this might lead to:
increased food production

Ans

(ii)

decreased food production in some areas.

Ans

Q.18
(a)
(i)

Scientists have attempted to increase food production by genetic engineering. However concern
about these genetically modified foods has resulted in some shops withdrawing them from sale.
Suggest how food production could be increased if scientists succeeded in inserting:
genes which control nitrogen fixation into cereal crops.

Ans

(ii)

genes which make plants drought resistant into cereal crops.

Ans

(b)

Suggest a reason why there is concern about genetically modified plants.

Ans

Q.19

Canadian pondweed is a common aquatic plant. A student investigated the production of starch in
Canadian pondweed using lengths of leafy stem which had previously been destarched. The pieces
of plant were placed in four flasks labelled A to D and treated as shown in the table below. The
flasks were kept at room temperature, and after 36 hours the pieces of plant were tested for starch.

(a)

How and why was the Canadian pondweed destarched?

Ans

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(b)

Why were the water and glucose solutions enriched with carbon dioxide?

Ans

(c)

Suggest reasons for the results seen in each of the flasks A to D.

A: ...
B: ...
C: ...

Q.20
(a)
(i)

D: ...
The figure shows an apparatus used in an investigation
into transpiration. The cylinders were set up and left in
the same conditions for 24 hours.
The drop in the level of water in the cylinders is taken as
a measure of the rate of transpiration.
Complete the table.

(ii)

Which variable could account for the differences in the

results for cylinders A and B?

Ans

(iii)
Ans

Suggest a modification you could make to ensure that all the water lost from the cylinders is taken
up by the shoots.

(b)

State three environmental factors that can affect the rate of transpiration.

Ans

Q.21

Fig. 4.1 shows a section through a leaf.

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(a)
(b)(i)

On Fig. 4.1, label a stoma, the cuticle and a vascular bundle. Use label lines and the words stoma,
cuticle and vascular bundle on Fig. 4.1
The upper layers of a leaf are transparent. Suggest an advantage to a plant of this feature.

Ans

(ii)

The cuticle is made of a waxy material. Suggest an advantage to a plant of this feature.

Ans

(iii)

State two functions of vascular bundles in leaves.

Ans

(c)
(i)

Most photosynthesis in plants happens in leaves.

Name the two raw materials needed for photosynthesis

(ii)

Photosynthesis produces glucose. Describe how plants make use of this glucose.

Ans

Q.22(a)Plants need nitrogen compounds for growth. Give the name of

the type of plant cell that absorbs water and nitrogen compounds
from the soil.
Ans
..
(b)
The photograph shows a pitcher plant. Pitcher plants get nitrogen
compounds from insects. They digest insects in leaves shaped
like containers called pitchers. In the bottom of the pitcher there
is a liquid. Insects are attracted to the plant. They fall into the
liquid. The inner surface of the pitcher is very smooth and
slippery with downward pointing hairs as shown below.

Suggest the function of the smooth, slippery surface with downward pointing hairs.

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Ans

(c)

There are useful bacteria living in the liquid. They produce enzymes to help digest the insects. Both
the bacteria and the pitcher plant absorb some of the products of digestion. How does the number of
insects that fall into the liquid affect the number of these useful bacteria?

Ans

(d)
(i)

Pitcher plants also have ordinary green leaves where photosynthesis takes place.
Complete the word equation for photosynthesis.

________________ + water glucose + ____________________

to provide energy
to provide liquid
to provide immunity
to provide minerals

(ii)

Glucose is a carbohydrate. Why are carbohydrates needed by

living things? Tick the correct box.

Q.23

Suzi investigated how temperature affects the number of bubbles produced by waterweed in one
minute. She set up the experiment as shown below.

(a)

Ans

When the temperature of the water was 10C the waterweed did not produce bubbles.
Suzi increased the temperature of the water in the water-bath to 20C. The waterweed started to
produce bubbles. She waited two minutes before starting to count the bubbles. Explain why she
waited for two minutes before she started to count the bubbles.

(b)

Suzi counted the number of bubbles produced at six different temperatures. Her results are shown
on the graph below.

(i)
(ii)
(c)

Draw a smooth curve on the graph.

Use your curve to find the temperature of water which produced the most bubbles per minute...
Suzi predicted that the higher the temperature the more bubbles would be produced. Which points
on the graph support Suzis prediction?

Ans

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(d)

Suzis data does not show clearly the exact temperature at which most bubbles were produced. How
could she improve the data she collects to find this temperature?

Ans