DOGMA SENTRAL

BIOLOGI
MOLEKULER
Riandini Aisyah
Molecular Biology & Immunology

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Figure 4-9 Molecular Biology of the Cell(

Garland Science 2008)

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The center information storage in cell

ALL SECRETS OF LIFE
BRAIN - of all cells is DNA

If we can reveal the exact form of our genetic blueprint we shall have
taken a giant step toward understanding the many complex set of
interconnected chemical reactions in an organism

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One gene

one protein

DNA

RNA

Protein

(Central Dogma)

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Central Dogma
Gene

Genome
Transcription

Transcriptome

Protein

Translation

Proteome

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Wu&Zeng, 2012. From SNPs to SAPs. Fig.1. Elsevier.

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Robinson et.al.2014. Current advance in system I

integrative biology. Fig.1. Elsevier

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HUMAN GENOME = total genetic

information

NUCLEAR GENOME
* 23 pairs of chromosomes 2 X ( 3 X 109
b.p) 2 meters DNA / Cell
* 2 X ( 3 X 1012 ) meters DNA in human
body 8,000 X (earth to moon)

appr. 30.000 genes

MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME
Appr. 37 genes

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MtDNA

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Nucleotides:
A - T
G - C

Sugar:
De oxy ribose
Ribose

Phosphate

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How to understand gene functions ?

Certain stimuli
receptor
signal transduction
intracell pathway
nuclear response
certain gene on
transcription
RNA
splicing
m RNA
translation

Protein (a.a)

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Each gene produces an RNA molecule

The primary fuction of the genome: to specify RNA

mol
The expression is regulated prot. bind to the DNA
in regulatory regions to determine whether a gene is
transcribed
coding and coding sequences= exon and intron
One gene

one protein

DNA

RNA

Protein

(Central Dogma)

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RNA -

m RNA
t RNA
r RNA

Fungsi RNA
m RNA
t

RNA

r RNA

- transfer information from genes to

protein - synthesizing machine
- carries activated a.a for protein
synthetis
- protein synthesis

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GENOME :
Mus musulus :
Homo sapiens

mammalia

3.109 bp DNA
3.5 109 bp

GEN (DNA) ANALYSIS

RFLP = RESTRICTION FRAGMENT
LENGTH POLY MORPHISM
PFGE = PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTRO
PORESIS
PCR
= POLYMERASE CHAIN
REACTION
HYBRIDISATION
NORTHERN, SOUTHERN
WESTERN

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DNA / Genes
* existence
* multicopy
* rearrangement
* mutation
* structural / sequence changes

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RNA :
* gene expression
* level of expression
* degradation time
* gene function
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Therapy in the future, drug discovery
today

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Lorio et al.2013. Gene to Screen. Review. Elsevier

Jin Yang et al.2015.Vision from Next

Generation Sequencing. Fig.1. Elsevier

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