Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ADVISORY NOTE
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE OF
H3 LOSP TREATED PINE
Background
Timber Queensland and the Building Services Authority are experiencing increasing feedback and
concerns from the building industry regarding the performance and premature failure of H3 Light
Organic Solvent Preservative (LOSP) treated pine products due to decay. In many instances failure
of these products has occurred under 5 years in-service. These products may include solid timber,
laminated and finger jointed timber and LVL.
ADVISORY NOTE
Bracing Example
900
1604 + depth
roof frame
North elevation
C2
Split level
Dutch gable roofs
Ceiling height 2560
Eaves 600mm
o
Roof pitch 25
1120
2077 +
depth of
roof frame
East elevation
Wind
Direction 2
Level 2
Level 1
Wind
direction 1
Wind
direction 2
Wind Direction 1
Wind
Direction 2
Level 3
Level 3
Wind Direction 1
(Clause 8.3.1)
7. Connection of bracing to
roof/ceilings at walls and floors
AS1684.3 pg108
C2
(provided by structural engineer,
building professional or local building authority)
Dutch Gables
In this example, the house has Dutch gables which are
neither a full gable or a hip end as described by the
pressure tables in AS 1684.3.
It is recommended that where the height of the Dutch
gable (a) is equal to or less than half the full height to
the ridge (h), that the Dutch gable end be treated as a
hip end. If a is greater than 1/2h, then treat the Dutch
gable end as a full gable end.
a
h
Dutch gable
2.1
See Table 8.1 [pg 112] and Table 8.2 [pg 113]
Dutch gable
end
1
Hip roof
long side
Two storey
Dutch gable
end
Two storey
Single storey
1
Single storey Hip
roof long side
Two storey
Dutch gable
end treated as
a full gable
2.1
gable end)
1 Pressure (Assuming
2
= 2.1 kPa (kN/m )
Two storey
Dutch gable
end
2560
2600
2400
gable end)
1 Pressure (Assuming
2
= 2.1 kPa (kN/m )
Single storey
hip roof long
side
Wind
direction 2
Wind
direction 1
Level 3
Actual
8.910
10
Pressure
1 = 1.7 kPa (kN/m2)
Actual
8.910
11
Lower storey of
two storey or
sub-floor of
single storey
2.2
Pressure
= 1.9 kPa (kN/m2)
As the wind in direction 2 can come from either side onto the east or west
elevation, a decision is required on how to account for the worst case.
The house is also split level, so other decisions are also required on how
the wind will be distributed into bracing walls in each level. This matter will
be discussed later.
Hip roof
long side
West elevation
Dutch gable
end
North elevation
East elevation
12
Discussion
It is therefore recommended to consider the wind for Direction 2 on the two storey
section, and make allowance for any additional small areas of elevation (as shown
in orange) outside of the two storey section and account for these forces
appropriately where these areas are also considered as a hip.
Interpolation
permitted
but not
necessary
Actual
6.880
6.9
1.6
13
W = 6.88
Interpolation
permitted
but not
necessary
Actual
6.880
6.9
1.9
14
W = 6.88
Actual
10.06
15
Width = 10.06
16
Direction 2
Level 3
2.1 kN/m2
(gable)
Level 3
1.6 kN/m2
(hip)
Level 1
2.1 kN/m2
(gable)
Level 1 & 2
1.9 kN/m2
(hip)
Level 2
1.7 kN/m2
(hip)
Level 2 subfloor
1.9 kN/m2
(hip)
3.1
Level 1 & 2
1.8 kN/m2
(hip)
Discussion
Whilst the area/s of elevation should be determined relatively accurately,
high levels of precision are not really warranted and therefore use of
calculation methods (as used in this example), planimeters or by scaling
from drawings would all be acceptable.
Note: The area of elevation of triangular portion of eaves up to 1000mm
wide may be ignored . See Note 3 to Figures 8.2 (A, B & C), pg 109 111
The following method has been used in this example to calculate the area
of elevation of the triangular roof section:
Area = W/2 x W/2 TanX + 0.15 x W
The triangular part of eaves is ignored.
150 mm nominal
allowance for depth roof
frame, battens and roofing.
Increase this if necessary i.e.
for exposed rafter roofs.
17
3.1
= 3440 x 0.47
600 mm
1604 mm
1280 mm
= 8.81 m2
6670 mm
3440 mm
= 5.50 m2
600 mm
1604 mm
3960 mm
6670 mm
18
= 4455 x 0.47
= 2077 mm, say 2.08 m
Depth of roof frame = 0.15 m (assumed)
2230 mm Total height to ridge = 2.08 + 0.15 = 2.23 m
Height Dutch gable = 2.23/2 = 1.12 m
Offset of Dutch gable = 1.12/tan 250
= 2.40 m
Area of roof = length x height to ridge
blue area
= (6.67 x 2.23) (0.75 x 2.4 x 2.23)
6670 mm
= 14.87 4.01
= 10.86 m2
Area of wall = wall height level 2 x width
= 2.56/2 x 6.67
= 8.54 m2
= 19.4 m2
1805 mm
1050 mm
6670 mm
19
Hip Roof
300 mm
900 mm
1754 mm
8910 mm
= 15.63 - 1.08
= 14.55 m2
Area of wall = 8.91 x 2.56/2
= 11.4 m2
Hip Roof
Area of lower half of Level 3 and upper half of
Level 1 (blue shading) is:
= (2560/2 + 200 + 2400/2) x 8910
= (1.28m + 0.2 m + 1.2m) x 8.91m
= 23.9 m2
8910 mm
20
Hip Roof
2600
1150
2550
Wind direction 2
Direction 2
Level 3
15.3 m2
(gable)
Level 1
33.8 m2
(gable)
Level 2
19.4 m2
(hip)
Level 2
subfloor
31.4 m2
(hip)
Level 3
26.0 m2
(hip)
Level 1 & 2
49.9 m2
(hip)
Level 1 & 2
Additional
areas
4.5 m2
(hip)
21
4.
4.
22
4.
Direction 2
Level 3
32.1 kN
Level 3
41.6 kN
Level 1
71.0 kN
Level 1 & 2
94.8 kN
Level 2
33 kN
Level 2
subfloor
59.7 kN
Level 1 & 2
Additional
areas
8.1 kN
71.0kN
33kN
32.1kN
Level 1
Level 3
Level 2
Wind direction 1
23
94.8 kN
8.1 kN
57.6 kN
45.3 kN
41.6 kN
Level 1
Level 2
Wind direction 2
Level 3
West
elevation
24
AS1684.3 p140
25
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
71.0 kN
(4)
(1)
(7)
(6)
33.0 kN
(5)
(8)
26
(9)
(13)
(12)
(10)
32.1 kN
(14)
(11)
Wall 9.
0.9 m x 6.4 kN/m = 5.7 kN
Wall 10
1.2 m x 6.4 kN/m = 7.7 kN
Wall 11
0.6 m x 6.4 kN/m = 3.8 kN
Wall 12
1.2 m x 6.4kN/m = 7.7 kN
Wall 13
1.2 m x 6.4 kN/m = 7.7 kN
(Note: A 2.4 m panel of double diagonal
strap bracing rated at 3.0 kN/m may be
better placed here as this would not interfere
with line of internal or external lining etc)
Wall 14
1.2 m x 6.4 kN/m = 7.7 kN
TOTAL = 5.7 + 7.7 + 3.8 + 7.7 +
7.7 + 7.7
= 40.4 kN therefore satisfactory
Note: Wall 10 could be deleted
and would still OK
(a)
(b)
(c)
57.6 kN
(d)
(e)
27
(f)
(g)
(h)
45.3 kN
(j)
(i)
Wall f.
1.2 m x 6.4 kN/m = 7.7 kN
Wall g
1.2 m x 6.4 kN/m = 7.7 kN
Wall h
2.4 m x 6.4 kN/m = 15.4 kN
Wall i
1.2 m x 6.4 kN/m = 7.7 kN
Wall j
1.2 m x 6.4 kN/m = 7.7 kN
Total = 6 x 7.7
= 46.2 kN therefore OK
(l)
(k)
(q)
(m)
(n)
41.6 kN
(o)
(p)
Wall k.
0.6 m x 6.4 kN/m = 3.8 kN
Wall l
1.2 m x 6.4 kN/m = 7.7 kN
Wall m
2.4 m x 6.4 kN/m = 15.4 kN
Wall n
0.6 m x 6.4 kN/m = 3.8 kN
Wall o
1.2 m x 6.4 kN/m = 7.7 kN
Wall p
0.6 m x 6.4 kN/m = 3.8 kN
Total = 3 x 3.8 + 2 x 7.7 + 15.4
= 42.2 kN therefore OK
28
5.3
North
elevation
33.0 kN
1
59.7 kN
For Level 2, the racking force of 33.0 kN has already been accounted for.
For the sub-floor of Level 2 the racking force required to be resisted in
Direction 1 is 59.7 kN.
29
2
46.7 kN
94.8 kN
+ 8.1 kN
45.3 kN
57.6 kN
For Level 3, the racking force of 46.7 kN has already been accounted for.
For Level 1, 57.6 kN out of a total of 94.8 kN has been accounted for by
bracing in Level 1.
The remainder 37.2 kN plus the additional small area component, 8.1 kN
= Total = 45.3 kN is distributed into Level 2 via the Level 2 ceiling and floor
diaphragms and then into the sub-floor.
TOTAL in Direction 2 for Levels 1 and 2 = 102.9 kN
Sub-floor bracing
Clause 8.3.5.8 and Table 8.16 [pg 135] provide bracing capacities for
un-reinforced masonry. Min. panel length (l1 or l2) = 900 mm and
minimum total length of panels (l1 or l2) in any one wall 3000 mm
l1
Bracing
Capacity
(kN/m)
l2
30
Sub-floor bracing
Contribution of un-reinforced masonry
45.3 kN
required
59.7 kN
required
Direction 1
East wall, min panel lengths > 900 ok.
Sum of panel lengths = 7710 - 2400 mm
= 5310 mm
Bracing resistance = 5.3 x 3 kN/m = 15.9 kN
Direction 2
North and South walls
Sum of panel lengths = (2 x 6670) (900
+2400 + 1800 + 1800) mm
= 6440 mm
Bracing resistance = 6.4 x 3 kN/m = 9.9kN
Total Direction 2 = 19.2 kN
Direction 1
31
6.
32
Ceiling diaphragm
depth Direction 2
Level 3 = 6440 mm
Ceiling diaphragm
depth Direction 1
Level 2 = 8590 mm
6.
Interpolation
permitted
8.59
5.1
33
(7)
(6)
Max spacing
= 3600 mm
(5)
(8)
Direction 1
6.
Interpolation
permitted
6.44
4.5
34
6.
(l)
(k)
(q)
(m)
Max spacing
= 3600 mm
(n)
(o)
(p)
Direction 1
6.
35
7.
AS1684.3 p151
36
AS1684.3 p140
7.1
12.8 kN/m
Ceiling diaphragm
37
7.1
38
7.2
Ceiling diaphragm
7.2
39
7.2
And.
1. Determine what direction the walls are
running in relation to the trusses.
Wall parallel to roof
trusses
Wall
perpendicular
to roof
trusses
Roof Trusses
Plan view
7.2
40
7.2
Note: Where MGP10 (JD4) is used for internal frames, alternative fixings
or more frequent fixings would be required ie 2 trimmers/1.2 m panel.
JD4 JD5
41
JD4
42
Internal bracing
wall
Top plate
External wall
Acknowledgement
43