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Steady And Unsteady State Thermal Analysis Of

Fins Using Cfd


ISSN 2319-9725
S.P.Chauhan
M. Tech Scholar
Dr. S. Singh
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Institute of Technology,
Dwarahat, Almora, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract: Analytical solutions to the steady and unsteady heat conduction for a two
dimensional cylindrical and rectangular fin with general boundary conditions are
obtained by the principle of separation variables. In this paper, a computational fluid
dynamics (CFD) model of cylindrical and rectangular fins is implemented with the help of
ANSYS FLUENT 12.0 software. The material used for this purpose is copper. In this
analysis, the partial differentiation is directly transformed into ordinary differential
equations. The results obtained computationally are found in well agreement with the
results obtained analytically.
Keywords: ANSYS FLUENT 12.0, heat conduction,analytical temperature distribution,
fins.

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1. Introduction:
Fins are used for the heat transfer purpose in various instruments like heating and cooling
equipments.so it is necessary to analyze and calculate the temperature and heat transfer rate
by fin.transient thermal analysis gives the correct values of the temperature which is varying
with time.for proper prediction and control of the fin performance, it is necessary to know the
dynamic response of temperature distribution when an unpredictable or expected change
occurs. Analytical solution are particular important and useful for they may be used in an on
line computation. To manufacture fin we use various types of materials like aluminium,
copper, carbon steel etc. though in cooling and heating, there are various types of fins which
are having different sizes and shapes.
It is essential to perceive the temperature distribution of fins under steady and unsteady
thermal condition for proper prediction and control of the fin performance. anlalytic solutions
are particular available since they may be used in an online computer. The main purpose of
this study is to bring into the analytical transient solutions by using the method of separation
of variables. The lateral surface an dthe tip is subjected to a general situation included heat
flux at the base. It is an important work to know the general temperature profile in fins since
they describe the detail manner in which the heat transfer is affected by the heat flux and
surrounding fluid.

2. Literature review:
A large number of research analyses have been carried out on the fins. Racelos[1] pointed out
the schmidr diffin parabolic profile is valid for optimized fin . aizz and Kraus[2] provided
optimum dimensions of longitudinal radiating fins. Look and kang[3] pointed out when the
top surface biot number is small, the effect of fin tip convection coefficient is very important
but its effect decreases apparently as the value of the tip biot number increases. Maetal[4]
studied two dimensional rectangular fin and showen that solutions for the tip boundary
conditions of constan t heat flux and constant temperature. Su an d hwang[5] while they
presen ted transient analysis solutions for two dimen sion al cylindrical pin fin without heat
flux at base. The numerical differential equation is iterated and converged through the CFD
package FLUENT.

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Heat transfer coefficient

Thermal conductivity

Cp

Specific heat

Density
Temperature distribution

Diameter in mm

Radius in mm

Time in sec
Table 1: Nomenclature

3. Problem formulation:
In this paper assuming, cylindrical and rectangular fins using various parameters as follows.

(a)

(b)

Figure1: (a) longitudinal fin of rectangular profile (b) cylindrical fin


4. Input parameters:

S.no

Parameters

Value

Temperature of base( ) in C

100

Temperature of surrounding

Heat transfer coefficient(h) in w/

) in C
.k

25
10

Thermal conductivity(k) in w/m.k

398

Specific heat( ) in j/kg.k

385

Density in kg/

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Table 1
5. Analytical solution:
A number of restrictive assumptions are introduced before studying the transient analysis of
two dimensional cylinder fin. The fundamental assumptions are homogeneous material
properties and thickness, constant convective heat transfer coefficient and ambient
temperature, no heat source in inner part of the fin and no thermal radiation effects.
Transient analysis for two dimensional rectangular fin, one camn apply fouriers law and
energy conservation law to form the nondiimensional governing equation , the initial
condition and the boundary condition as:
+

(1)

Initially, the fin is equilibrium with the surrounding fluid.


=0

(2)

Boundary conditions:
(3)

-k

-k

(4)

-k

(5)

(6)

Separate variables in y direction , the temperature distribution can be written as

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U(x,y,t)=

Where ,
tan

is the m th positive root of the transcendental equation.

.
6. Modeling and simulation:
The whole analysis is carried out with the help of software ANSYS Fluent 12.0. ANSYS
Fluent 12.0 is computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package to stimulate fins
problems. It uses the finite volume method to solve the governing equations for a rectangular
and cylindrical Geometry and grid generation is done using GAMBIT which is the preprocessor bundled with FLUENT.
7. Results and discussion:

Figure 2: Cylindrical fin crossection

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Figure 2: Rectangular fin crossection crossection


In the above result we see the values with respect to time and also the graph variables. Above
fig and fig both for rcylindrical and rectangular cases, we see the behavior of the temperature
on the fin at various set of time. For cylindrical fins as shown in fig. the graph shows the
variations between temperature and time. With the increase in time the temperature first
increase upto 80k and after sometime the temperature remains constant.
Similarly, for rectangular case, graph shows the variations between temperature and time,
In this , with increase in time, temperature first increases upto 89k and after it becomes
constant with time.

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Figure 4: Temperature v/s Time graph for Cylindrical fin

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Figure 5: Temperature v/s Time graph for Rectangular fin


8. Conclusion:
In this paper , here we get the accurate values of temperature with respect to the varying time.
After comparing both the fins analysis , it is observe that heat flow rate in cylindrical fin is
less as compared to rectangular fins. Principle of separable variables are applied to the heat
conduction in a rectangular fin and cylindrical fins subjected to lateral surface to provide a
simplified formulation that can be used to identify the temperature distribution and heat
transfer rate. The temperature distribution and heat transfer rate are formed in a fourier series
and exponential type.
The temperature distribution falls monotonically along the coordinate x for all various surface
biot number. For larger values of the surface biot number Bit or BiT, the more heat
convection on lateral surface and the more thermal energy is efficiently transferred into
environment through the surface, also result in heat transfer rate reaches time invariant early.

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References:
1. Papadopoulos, K.D., Guzman-Garcia, A. G.,and Bailey, R. V.,The response of
straight and circular fins to fluid temperature changes,Int. Comm. Heat Mass
Transfer, Vol. 17, 1990,pp.587-595.
2. Look, D. C. Jr, and Kang, H. S., Effects ofvariation in root temperature on heat lost
from a thermally non-symmetric fin,Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1991,
Vol.34,pp.1059-1065.
3. Aziz, A. and Kraus, A. D.,optimum design of radiating and convecting radiating
fins,Heat Transfer Engineering, Vol.17, 1996, pp.19-29.
4. Su, R. J. and Hwang,J. J.,Transient analysis of two-dimensional cylindrical pin fin
with tip convective effects, Heat Transfer Engineering, 1999 ,Vol.20,pp.57 -63.
5. Razealos, p.,The quest for the optimum longitudinal fin profile, Heat Transfer
Engineering,Vol.16,1995,pp.19-29.
6. Ma S. W., Behbahani A. I. and Tsuei Y. G., Two-dimensional Rectangular Fin
withVariable Heat Transfer Coefficient, Int. J. Heat.

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