Appendix D

Some Words and Expressions Used to Connect ldeas

Conjunctions *sin que without

sino but. but rather
A conjunction is a word that is used to link sentences, sino que but that, but rather that
clauses, phrases, or words. Some conjunctions will require tan pronto como as soon as
the use of the subjunctive in some cases always; in others una vez que once
only when there is doubt. - y** and
ya que since, seeing that
Some common conjunctions are:
*always fbllowed by the subjunctive
*a condici6n de que on condition that, provided that **when followed by a word that begins with i or
*a fin de que so that, in order that hi, use e
*a instead ot y (padre e hijo)
menos que unless
*a 'F)F*when followed by a word that begins with o or fto, use
no ser que unless
r.r instead of o (septiembre u octubre)
apesar de que in spite of
xantes (de) que before
asf que as soon as Connecting words and expressions
aun even, still
aun cuando even when The following words and expressions allow you to connect
aunque even if, even though, although your thoughts and show the relationship between ditferent
cada vez que each time that parts of a sentence. The lists are by no means exhaustive,
como os, since but they will help you to connect ideas, to summarize, to
*como si as tf emphasize, and so on. Leaming them will enrich your
*con tal (de) que provided that vocabulary and help you to speak and write more fluently.
cuando when
de manera que so, so that, in such a way that 1. To begin to introduce an idea, you may use the
de modo que so, so that, in such a way that following:
desde que since
a partir de beginning with
despu6s de que aJier
*en caso de que al * infrnitive upon (action): .fbr example,
in case that
en cuanto as soon as
upon learning: al sabe4
hasta que until
uPon leaving : al salif etc.
al principio at the beginning
luego que as soon as, after
como punto de us a point of departure
mientras while
*mientras que partida
while, so long as, as long as
en primer lugar in the first place
mientras tanto meanwhile
para empezar to begin
ni... ni neither.. .nor
ni siquiera not even
o*** or 2. To add another idea, or ifyou are telling a story and
*para que want to add the next step or express sequence (ideas
so that, in order that
pero that were taking place before, after, or at the same time),
but
por miis que you may use the following:
no matter how, however much
porque because a la (misma)'vez at the same time
puesto que since, inasmuch as, seeing that adem6s besides, furthermore
que that ahora mismo right now
si if, whether al mismo tiempo at the same time
siempre que wheneve4 provided that antes de * infinitive before (action)
sin embargo nevertheless, however con respecto a with respect to, regarding

Appendix D 283
 de antemano beforehand, in advance 5. To emphasize, you may use the following:
de aqui (ahora, hoy) from now on
en adelante a mi parecer in my opinion
dentro de poco shortly, in a short while ademiis furthe rmo re, in addition
hace poco a short while ago de hecho in fact, as a matter of fact
despuds de * after (action) en otras palabras in other words
infinitive en realidad ttctually, in fact
durante during es decir that is to say, in other words
en cuanto as soon as hay que tomar en one must realize (take into
en la actualidad presently cuenta que tuccount) that
entonces then lo importante es que what is important is that
hasta el momento, until now lo que importa es que what matters is that
la fecha o sea thet is to scty, in other words
hoy dfa nowadays sin duda without a doubt
luego then, Later sobre todo above all
mientras while
mientras tanto meanwhile 6. To give examples, you may use the fbllowing:
para continuar to continue
para ilustrar to illustrate
primero Jirst por ejemplo Jbr example
tambi6n ulso
tampoco neithen not...either
1. Todraw a conclusion or show cause and effect, you
tan pronto como as soon as
may use the following:
v and
a causa de on account of, because of
3. To express a contrasting point of view or to restrict a tin de cuentas in the end, t{ter all
another one previously expressed, you may use the al fin Jinally, at last, in the end
fbllowing: al frn y al cabo in the end, c{ter all
a pesar de (que) in spite of (the fact that) (is said and done)
aunque aLthough al parecer d p pa re nt b), s e e min g L1t

como as, in as much as as( que so, therefore

de lo contrario otherwise como because
de ninguna manera by no means como consecuencia as a consequence
en cambio on the other hand como resultado as a result
pero hut de todos modos 0t any rate, anyhow I
por eUal contrario on the contrary debido a owing to, because of (
sin embargo however, nevertheless en conclusi6n in c:onclusion (
sino but en definitiva in conc Lusion, deJinitively,
sino que but rather finully
en fin finally, in short
4. To present different aspects of a topic or to make en resumen in summary
transitions, you may use the following: en resumidas cuentas in short
en todo caso in any case
asi que so, therefore finalmente finally l
con relaci6n a in relation to para concluir to conclude (
con respecto a with respect to para resumir to summarize (
conviene indicar/ it is suitable to indicate/point out para terminar to end
sefralar E
por because of E
de ese modo in that way, so por consiguiente therefore
E
de modo/manera que so (that) por ese motivo
en cuanto a
for that reason I\
regard.ing por fin Jinallv, at Last
P
hablando de speaking of, in reference to por lo mismo for the same reason T
no... sino (que) not...but rather por lo tanto t he refo re, c ons e que ntly
por lo comrin as a rule, usually porque because
por lo general generally puesto que since, inasmuch as, I
por otro lado on the other hand seeing that
por un lado on the one hand ya que
1(
since, seeing that
tambidn viene al caso it is also to the point D

284 Appendix D