PRACTICA DIRIGIDA Nº 1

 →
1) El vector V = (3,2) es el vector localizado del segmento AB cuyo punto medio es

→
C = (3,1). Hallar las coordenadas de los extremos AB

→
V = (3,2) C= (3,1)
→ →
⇒ V = AB
→
⇒ AB = (3,2)
A C B ⇒ B − A = (3,2)  α

A+ B
Ademas : =C
2
⇒ A + B = 2C
⇒ A + B = 2(3,1)
⇒ A + B = (6,2)  β

Sumando: α + β Luego:
B − A =(3,2)
A + B =(6,2) A + B = (6,2)

2B = (9,4) A = (6,2) – (9/2,2)

• B = (9/2,2) A = (3/2,0)

→ →
2) V = (7, - 6) es el vector localizado del segmento AB y C = (5/3, 3) el punto de

trisección mas cercano de B de dicho segmento. Hallar las coordenadas de A y B.

→
V = (7, - 6) C = (5/3,3)
A R C B
→ →
AB = V
B – A = (7,-6)  ψ
→
2 AB → 2( B − A)
= AC ⇒ 3
=C − A
3
 2(7,−6)
Reemplazamos en ψ ⇒ =C − A
3
(14,−12)
= (5 / 3,3) − A ⇒ A = (5/3,3) – (14/3,-4) ⇒ A = (-3,7)
3
Reemplazando en ψ : B – A = (7,-6) ⇒ B = (7,-6) + (-3,7) ⇒ B = (4,1)
→ →
3) sea el vector a = OP , cuyo componente horizontal es x3 ,y componente vertical es

→ → → →
6 – x. Hallar a si ob = (9 x y – y3, y) y a = b
→ → → 3
a = OP , OP = (x , 6 - x)
⇒→ 3
a = (x , 6 - x) ,
→ 3
ob = (9 xy – y , y)
→ →
a =b
(x3, 6 - x) = (9 xy – y3, y)
x3 = 9xy – y3 ∧ 6–x=y Ω
x3 + y3 = 9xy x+y=6 α
(x + y)(x2 – xy + y2) = 9xy
Reemplazando por α :
(6)(x2 – xy + y2) = 9xy
6 x2 – 6xy + 6y2 = 9xy
6 x2 – 15xy + 6y2 = 0
2 x2 – 5xy + 2y2 = 0
2x -y
x -2y
2x = y ∨ 2y = x
Reemplazando “y” por Ω :
⇒ 2x = 6 – x ∨ 2(6 – x) = x
⇒ x=2 x=4
→ 3
a = (x , 6 - x)
∴→
a = (8,4) ∨
→
a = (64,2)

→ →
4) Hallar un vector V cuya magnitud es igual a la del vector OB = (4, - 3 ) y cuyo

→
ángulo es la misma que del vector OC = (1, - 3)
 → →
OB = (4, - 3) ⇒ OB =5
→
⇒ V = 5

→ →
OC = (1, - 3) ⇒ OC = 1+ 3 = 2

1 1 − 3 − 3
cos α = = , sen α = =
1+ 3 2 1+ 3 2

(cos α , sen α )
→ →
Como: V = V
1 − 3 5 −5 3
⇒ V→ = 5  ,  ⇒ →=

 ,
2

2 2 
V
 2 

→
5) a) Si V = (x, y) cuya norma es 6 & y = 3 x. Hallar dicho vector.
→
V = (x, y), y= 3x
→
V =6 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 6 ⇒ x + y = 36
2 2

Reemplazando “y”: x 2 + ( 3 x) 2 = 36

x 2 + 3 x 2 = 36 ⇒ x 2 = 9
⇒x = ± 3

Si: x = 3, y = 3 3

Si: x = -3, y = -3 3

∴ V→ = (3, 3 3 ) ó
→
V = (-3,-3 3 )

→
b) Hallar un vector unitario en la dirección del vector V de norma 17, que tiene su

punto inicial en (3, -12) y punto terminal tiene ordenada 3.

S (x, 3)
→
V = (x, y) V
→
V = 17
R (3, -12)
→ →
x 2 + y 2 = 17 V = RS = S – R
 →
⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 289 V = (x 1 , 3) – (3, -12)

Reemplazando por α :
→
V = (x 1 -3, 15)
( x 1 - 3 ) 2 + (15) 2 = 289 ⇒ x = x 1 -3 ; y = 15  α

x1
2 - 6 x1 + 9 + 225 = 289

2
x1 - 6 - 55 = 0
x1 -11
x1 5
⇒ x1 = 11 ∨ x1 = -5

Calculando el vector unitario:

→  8 15 
x1 = 11 ⇒ − =  ,  ∨
uv  17 17 
→  8 15 
x1 = -5 ⇒ − =  − , 
uv  17 17 
→  8 15 
∴
uv  ± 17 , 17 
=
−

6) El segmento de una recta limitada por los puntos A = (-1, 8, 3), B = (9, -7, -2) esta
dividido en 5 partes iguales por los puntos C, D, E, F. Hallar las coordenadas de
dichos puntos.
A = (-1, 8, 3), B = (9, -7, -2)
→ B
⇒ AB = (10,−15,−5)
F
→ 1 →
a) AC = AB E
5
D
1
C – A = (10,−15,−5) C
5
A
C – (-1, 8, 3) = (2, -3, -1)
C = (1, 5, 2)

→ 1 →
b) CD = AB
5
D – C = (2, -3, -1)
 D = (2, -3, -1) + (1, 5, 2)
D = (3, 2, 1)

→ 1 →
c) DE = AB
5
E – D = (2, -3, -1)
E = (2, -3, -1) + (3, 2, 1)
E = (5, -1, 0)

→ 1 →
d) EF = AB
5
F – E = (2, -3, -1)
F = (2, -3, -1) + (5, -1, 0)
F = (7, -4, -1))

→ → → →
7) En un paralelogramo ABCD se designa AB = a , AD = b expresar en términos de

→ → → → → →
a y b los vectores MA , MB , MC , MD donde M es punto de intersección de las
diagonales

→ → → →
B C AB = a , AD = b
→ → → →
M BD = 2 MD , AB = DC
→ → → →
DB = 2 MB , BC = AD
→ →
A D AC = 2 MC ,
→ →
CA = 2 MA ,

→ → →
• AB + BD = AD
→ → → → 1 → →
⇒ a + 2 MD = b ⇒ MD = (b − a )
2
→ → →
• AD + DB = AB
→ → → → 1 → →
⇒ b + 2 MB = a ⇒ MB = (a− b)
2
 → → →
• AD + DC = AC
→ → → → 1 → →
⇒ b + a = 2 MC ⇒ MC = (a + b )
2
→ → →
• AD + DC + CA = 0
 → → → −1 → →
⇒ b + a + 2MA = 0 ⇒ MA = (a+ b)
2

8) Demostrar que los puntos A = (6, 3, 4), B = (2, 1, -2) y C = (4, - 1, 10) son vértices
de un triangulo isósceles.

A = (6, 3, 4) , B= (2, 1, -2) , C = (4, -1, 10)

→ → →
AB = (−4,−2,−6) , BC = (2,−2,12) , AC = (−2,−4,6)
→ → →
⇒ AB = 56 , BC = 152 , AC = 56
→ →
∴ AB = AC , Entonces podemos afirmar que se trata de un triángulo

isósceles.

→ → → → →
9) En el tetraedro OPQR que se muestra en la figura sea a = OP , b = OQ , C = OR

→ → → →
sea M el punto medio de RQ . Hallar PM en función de a , b , c .
Q
→ → → → →
a = OP , b = OQ , C = OR
M

R
b P

c
a
O
 → → → → → →
• b + QP = a ⇒ QP = a − b
→ → → → → →
• b + QR = C ⇒ QR = c − b
→ → →

•
→ → QR → → c− b → → →
PM + QP = QM ⇒ PM = − QP = − (a − b )
2 2
→ → → → → → →
→ c− b− 2 a+ 2 b c + b− 2 a
⇒ PM = =
2 2
→ → →
10) En la figura 1 se tiene un paralelepípedo de OA = 3, OB = 4, OC = 5. hallar

→ →
V .W
→ → → → → → →
→ donde V = a - 2 b + 2 c + d + e y W = (0, 2, 1).
→
V .W

A = (0,0,3)
Z
C = (0,5,0)
(0,0,3) (0,5,3)
A a A1 B = (0,5,3)
D = (4,5,0)
(4,5,3) E
E = (4,5,3)
e
c
O C Y
b
d

B (4,0,0) D
X
→ → → → → →
V = a + d + e + 2( c − b )
→ →
a = AA1 = A1 − A = (0,5,3) − (0,0,3)
→
a = (0,5,0)
→ →
b = BE = E − B = (4,5,3) − (4,0,0)
→
b = (0,5,3)
→ →
c = AB = B − A = (4,0,0) − (0,0,3) = (4,0,−3)
→ →
d = DC = C − D = (0,5,0) − (4,5,0) = (−4,0,0)

→ →
e = EC = C − E = (0,5,0) − (4,5,3) = ( −4,0,−3)
→ → →
a + d + e = (0,5,0) + (−4,0,0) + (−4,0,−3) = (−8,5,−3)
→ →
c − b = (4,0,−3) − (0,5,3) = ( 4,0,−3) + (0,−5,−3)
→ →
c − b = (4,−5,−6)
→
V = (−8,5,−3) + 2(4,−5,−6) + 2(4,−5,−6) = (−8,5,−3) + (8,−10,−12)
→
V = (0,−5,−15) →
→ V = 0 + (−5) 2 + (−15) 2
w = (0,2,1)
→
V = 250
→
W = 0 + (2) 2 + (1) 2 =
→
W = 5
 

→ → → →
V .W 1
⇒ → → = → → (V .W )
= (0,-5,-15) – (0,2,1) ( 250 )( 5 )
 
V W V W 
 

(0 − 10 − 15) − 25 − 25 −1
= = = =
250.5 5 50 25 2 2

→
11) La figura es un cubo si A = (6, -2, 4), c = (8, -2, -10), F= (-6, 4, 2),

H = (8, 4, 4). Hallar las demás coordenadas.

B
C
M
A = (6, -2,4)
A P
C = (8.-2.-10)
F = (-6, 4,2)
F G
N

E
H
 H = (8, 4,4)

→
→
AC = C − A = (8,−2,−10) − (6,−2,4) FH = H − F = (8,4,4) − (−6,4,2)
→
→
AC = (8,−2,−10) + (−6,2 − 4) FH = (8,4,4) + (6,−4,−2)
→
→
AC = (2,0,−14)...3 FH = (14,0,2)...4
→ →
C − A = (2,0,−14) FH = BP = P − B = (14,0,2)...2

B+P A+C
=M =
2 2
B + P = A + C = (6,-2,4)+ (8,-2,-10) = (14,-4,-6)…1

P + B = (14, -4,-6)
P – B = (14, 0, 2)

2P = (28,-4,-4) ⇒ P = (14,−2,−2)
⇒ B = (14,−4,−6) − (14,−2,−2) = (14,−4,−6) + (−14,2,2)
⇒ B = (0,−2,−4)

→ → →
AC = EG ⇒ EG = (2,0,−14) = G − E
2 +6 F+H
=N= ⇒ E +G = F + H
2 2
E + G = (−6,4,2) + (8,4,4)
⇒ E + G = (2,8,6)
G − E = (2,0,−14)
⇒ E = (2,8,6) − G
2G = (4,8,−8)
⇒ E = (2,8,6) − (2,4,−4)
G = (2,4,−4)
⇒ E = (0,4,10)

→ → → → → → →
12) a) Si A + B + C = D ,  A  = 6,  B  = 8,  C  = 12 .Hallar A. (2B - A)
 → → → → → → →
A + B+ C = O, A = 6, B = 8, C =12
→ → →
A . (2 B - A )
→ → 2
A . 2 B - A)
→ → →
C = - (A+B)
→ 2 → → → → → 2 → 2 → →
C = ( A+B ) – ( A+B ) = A + B + 2A.B
→ →
144 = 36 + 64 + 2 ( A . B )
→ →
44= 2( A . B )

→ → → → 2
En Y = 2 A . B − A
→
Y = 44 − (6) 2 = 8

→ → → → → → →
b) Si A + B + C = O ,  A  = 6,  B  = 3, C  = 8
→ → → → → →
Calcular: A . B + B . C + A . C

→ → → → → → →
A + B+ C = O  A = 6  B  =3 C  = 8
→ → → → → → → →
( A + B + C ). ( A + B + C ) = O . O

→ 2 → → → → → → → 2 → → →
A + A . ( B +C ) + B . ( A +C ) + B + C . ( A+B )

→ 2 → 2 → 2 → → → → → →
A + B + C +2 ( A . B + B . C + A . C ) = O
→ → → → → →
36 + 9 + 64 + 2 ( A . B + B . C + A . C ) = O

→ → → → 109
⇒ (→ →
A . B + B .C + A .C ) = - 2

c) Dado A = 11, B = 23, A - B = 30. Hallar A + B

→ → → →
A = 11,  B  = 23 A-B = 30
→ →
Hallar A+B
 → → → → 2
A-B = 30 ⇒ A-B = (30)2

→ 2 → 2 → →
⇒ A + B + 2 A . B = (30)2
→ →
(11)2 + (23)2 – (30)2 = 2 A . B
→ →
2 A . B = - 250

→ → 2 → 2 → 2 → →
⇒ A+B = A + B + 2A.B

= (11)2 + (23)2 – 250

→ → 2
A+B = 400

⇒ → →
A + B  = 20

13) Demostrar que el segmento que une los puntos medios de dos lados de un triangulo
es paralelo al tercero e igual a la mitad de su longitud.

B
A+ B
M=
2

M N B+C
N=
2
→ B+C  A+ B 
⇒ MN = − 
2  2 
C
A
→
→ 1 → C − A AC
→
⇒ MN = AC ⇒ MN = =
2 2 2

→ →
→ 1 →
∴ MN// AC Además MN = AC
2

→ 1 →
⇔ MN = / AC/
2

14) Dado un paralelogramo ABCD

Es verdad AB2 + BC2 + CD2 +DA2 = AC2 + BD2
 B C

Demostrar:
→ 2 → 2 → 2 → 2 → 2 → 2
AB + BC + CD + DA = AC + BD
A D

→ → → →
Sabemos que AB = DC , AD = BC
→ →
Además DC = CD
→ →
AD = DA
→ → →
BD = A D− A B
→ → →
AC = A D+ DC
→ 2 → 2 → 2 → →
AC = AD + DC + 2 AD. DC

→ 2 → 2 → 2 → →
BD = AD + AB - 2 AD. AB

2 2 2 2 2 2 →
→ → → → → →
⇒ AC + BD = DA + BC + CD + AB +2 → → →
AD . AB − 2 AD − AB
→ 2 → 2
⇒ AC + BD = AB2 + BC2 + CD2 +DA2

→ → → → → →
15) Probar U  - V  ≤ U -V ∀ U , V ∈ Rn.

→ → → →  →
U − V ≤ U − V ∀U , V ∈ R n

   → → →
→
U =( U − V ) + V  ≤ U − V + V

→ → → →
U ≤ U -V + V
→ → → →
U - V ≤ U -V …1

→ → → → → → →
V = V -U +U ≤ V -U + U
→ → → →
V ≤ U -V + U
→ → → →
( U - V ) ≥ - U -V …2
 → → → → → →
- U -V ≤ ( U - V )≤ U -V
→ → → →
⇒ U - V ≤ U -V

→ → → → 2 → 2 → 2
16) Probar que: U , V son octogonales si y solo si U-V = U + V
→ → → → 2 → 2 → 2
U,V U-V = U + V
→ 2 → 2 → → → 2 → 2
U + V -2 U . V = U + V
→ →
U.V =0
→ →
⇔U ⊥V

→ →
17) Tres vectores están orientado como en la figura, donde A = 20, B = 40,

→ → → →
C = 30. Encuentra A + B + C
→ → →
Y AC = 20, B = 40, C = 30
→ → →
A + B +C
A B

45º → →
X B = B (cos 45º, sen 45º)
45º
→
B = 40 (cos 45º, sen 45º)
C 40
→
B= (1,1)
2
→
B = 20 2 (1,1)
→ → →
A = A u
→
A = 20 (0,1) = (0,20)

→ →
C = C (cos 45º, - sen 45º)

→  1 −1 
C = 30  2 , 2 

→ → → →
C = (5 2 (1,−1) ) A+ B + C = (0,20) + 20 2 (1,1) + 15 2 (1,−1)
 → → →
⇒ A+ B + C = (0 + 20 2 + 15 2 ,20 + 20 2 − 15 2 )
→ → →
⇒ A+ B + C = (35 2 ,20 + 5 2 )