Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
INITIAL ATTACK
roads
Become familiar with all the roads in your area--forest
roads as well as paved and graded roads. Know all the
trails. Stay updated on their status. This is essential
information in planning travel routes to and around a
fire. Know the best access to any area.
travel barriers
Know which underpasses, bridges, and roads your initial
attack unit cannot use. Be familiar with cross-country
barriers such as creeks, swamps, and cliffs.
land ownership/jurisdiction
Know who owns the land and their desires concerning
fire protection. How about locked gates, cooperative
agreements and fire suppression assistance?
backup forces/resources
Know where other forces are located. Are those
resources readily available? How about cooperative
resources? Where and how available are they? Get to
know your cooperators and discuss before the incident.
fire behavior
• fast winds: the faster the wind, the faster the fire
spreads.
• high temperatures: warm air absorbs more
moisture, dries and preheats fuels.
• drier air: cause the fuel to dry out quicker and
the fire to burn hotter because more of the fuel
is burning.
• drought conditions: prolonged dry out spells can
create extreme fire danger.
• unstable atmosphere: indicators are gusty wind,
dust devils, good visibility.
wind:
• causes a fire to spread fast & unevenly, and to
burn more intensely
• dries out damp fuel
• carries sparks that start spot fires
planning for initial attack santa fe county fire – wildland division 5
topography
• steep slopes
• south and southwest facing slopes: aspect
• gaps or saddles
• chimneys, canyons, coves
• fire burns more rapidly uphill that down:
preheats fuel in its path more quickly.
• burning chunks roll downhill starting new fires.
• the steeper the slope, the faster the fire spreads
uphill.
• a change in the topography causes a change in
the behavior of the fire.
burning out
BURN OUT: Setting fire inside a control line to
consume fuel between the edge of the fire and
the control line.
principles of mop-up
MOP-UP: Extinguishing or removing burning
material near control lines, felling snags, and
trenching logs to prevent rolling after an area has
burned, to make a fire safe, or to reduce residual
FIRE ORDERS
WATCHOUT SITUATIONS
LCES
step 1:
Determine an initial attack plan immediately upon arrival
at the fire. This should be done quickly and be based on
your initial size-up of the fire. The intent is to get work
started in suppressing the fire as soon as possible.
Time Needed
Knowing the construction and holding rate of the
resources with you, estimate time it will take to
complete the type and length of line needed to flank
the fire and safely move across head of fire to hold it.
factors to consider
• size of fire, location of head point of origin and
cause time of day
• resources in path of fire topography
• available resources, experience of resources
• safety-watch for danger areas and evaluate
escape routes. weather
• fire behavior—as expected? fire intensity and
rate of spread
• fuel type--at location, in proximity
• length of fire perimeter
step 4:
Review Initial Attack Safety Checklist as needed or
as conditions change.
If the answer is NO to any of the above questions, you must take corrective
action IMMEDIATELY.
planning for initial attack santa fe county fire – wildland division 35
EVALUATE INITIAL ATTACK PLAN
thunderstorm safety
The mature stage of a storm may be marked on the ground
by a sudden reversal of wind direction, a noticeable rise in
wind speed, and a sharp drop in temperature. Heavy rain,
hail, and lightning occur only in the mature stage of a
thunderstorm. During a storm:
1. Stay out of dry creek beds.
2. Do not use radios or telephones.
3. Put down all tools and remove caulk boots.
4. Sit or lie down if in open country.
5. Avoid grouping together.
6. Do not handle flammable materials in open containers.
7. Stay in your vehicle. Take shelter in vehicles if possible.
8. Turn off machinery, electric motors.
9. When there is no shelter, avoid high objects such as lone
trees. If only isolated trees are nearby, the best protection is
to crouch in the open, keep a distance of twice the height of
the tree away. Keep away from wire fences, telephone lines,
and electrically conductive elevated objects.
10. Avoid ridge tops, hilltops, wide-open spaces, ledges, rock
outcroppings, exposed shelters.
11. Advise crew that if they feel an electrical charge - if their hair
stands on end or their skin tingles - lightning may be about
to strike. Drop to the ground immediately.
STANDARD REPLIES:
Affirmative Yes
Can Handle Used with the amount of equipment needed
to handle the incident.
Example: "Waverly 3 can handle with units
now at the scene."
Copy, Copies Used to acknowledge message received.
Example: "Engine 3 copies."
Disregard Self-explanatory
Proceed Indicates another unit may transmit.
Example: "Go ahead Essex 50."
How do you copy? Request for report on transmission quality.
Loud and Clear Self-explanatory
Negative No
Repeat Self-explanatory
Standby Self-explanatory
Unreadable Signal received is not clear.
A Alpha N November
B Bravo O Oscar
C Charlie P Papa
D Delta Q Quebec
E Echo R Romeo
F Foxtrot S Sierra
G Golf T Tango
H Hotel U Uniform
I India V Victor
J Julliett (Jooleeyet) W Whiskey
K Kilo (Keelo) X X-ray
L Lima Y Yankee
M Mike Z Zulu