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Algerian Decolonization Terms

1. Era of Broken Promises 1945-1954


Who: French and Algerians
What: on 8 May in Setif violence broke out between the French Army
and Algerian rebels. This began an era where the Algerians started
to doubt the French, and tension rose between the French and
Algerians.
When: 1945 - 1954
Where: Algeria
Significance: Was the beginning of the Algerian independence
movement, and the beginning of the Algerian War for Independence
2. Colons
Who: European immigrants
What: Took control of the government in Algeria, had most of the
power.
When: Late 1800s
Where: Algeria
Significance: Increased tensions between Algerians and French due
to the fact that colons had most of the power and didn't give anyone
a say.
3. Pied Noirs
Who: Europeans immigrants who moved to Algeria
What: Term used to describe the Europeans who immigrated to
Algeria when the country was under French rule.
When: Became popular in 1900s
Where: Algeria
Significance: Were supporters of French colonial rule in Africa,
increased tensions.
4. Messali Hadj
Who: Algerian nationalist politician
What: Created the MNA and led many revolts aginst the French
leaders for independence. Was eventually put under house arrest in
France. He was a devout Muslim.
When: 1898 - 1974
Where: Algeria
Significance: Was quite popular at the time, and the French felt
threatened.
5. Ferhat Abbas
Who: Algerian political leader.
What: Was part of the FLN, and was president of the country for a
while. Fought for independence.
When: 1899 - 1985
Where: Algeria

Significance: Was seen as acceptable to the Europeans, although he


fought for independence.
6. Ben Ballas
Who: Algerian socialist solider, revolutionary, and first President of
Algeria.
What: Played an important role as part of the FLN and was very
popular after independence.
When: 1918 - 2012
Where: Algeria
Significance: Was put in power after independence was gained from
the French, and was wanted for arrest for a long time.
7. FLN(Front de Libration Nationale National Liberation Front)
Who: Socialist Political Party
What: Main revolutionary group that led the war for independence of
Algeria. Was the main political party in power in Algeria for awhile.
When: Founded in 1954
Where: Algeria
Significance: Had many followers and created many problems for
the French, eventually won the war for independence.
8. ALN
Who: The armed wing of the FLN during the Algerian war.
What: Was a very violent group and estimated to kill many Muslims
and French. After independence was created into an actual military
force of the republic.
When: 1954
Where: Algeria
Significance: Was the main party actually fighting against the
French, increased tensions.
9. Guy Mollet
Who: French socialist politician and prime minister
What: Opposed French colonialism of Algeria, wanted to negotiate
with FLN but that didnt work out. Was the leader of the French
Section of Workers International.
When: 1946 1969
Where: France
Significance: Had a lot of power in France and helped the Algerian
fight for independence.
10. Charles de Gaulle
Who: President of France
What: Wanted an end to the bloody Algerian War and after many
other efforts eventually granted Algerias independence in 1962.
When: 1890 1970
Where: France

Significance: Many French unhappy that he granted independence,


and Algerians unhappy with his tactics. Neither party was very
happy with him but increased tensions in France.
11. General Maurice Challe
Who: French general during Algerian War
What: Was very successful in fending of the ALN, and weakened
them considerably. Backed Charles de Gaulle.
When: 1905 1970
Where: France
Significance: Was a very prominent member of the army, and kept
the war against Algeria in the favor of the French for a long time.
12. OAS (Organisation Arme Secrete)
Who: Far right paramilitary organization
What: Carried out many attacks on the FLN and believed Algeria was
Frances and always should be. Tried to assassinate Charles de
Gaulle after he granted independence to Algeria with the Evian
agreements.
When: 1961 - 1962
Where: France
Significance: Created many problems for Algeria and French.
13. MNA (Mouvement National Algrian)
Who: Counteracted affects of the FLN
What: Created by the French so that the FLN would not be the only
party in Algeria(to say violence was not always the answer), but
eventually lost to the FLN.
When: late 1800s - 1960
Where: Algeria
Significance: Opposed FLN and created roadblocks in fight for
independence.
14. Harkis
Who: Algerians who fought for the French during the War
What: After France lost; the French turned them over to the
Algerians who killed and tortured them. Have still not forgiven the
French for that.
When: Algeria
Where: During the Algerian War.
Significance: Created tensions because French took some of
Algerias own people.
15. Caf Wars
Who: Fighting between FLN and MNA
What: Fighting took the form of bombs and assassinations at
supporters of either party.
When: During Algerian War
Where: Algeria

Significance: Increased tensions in the country, and weakened


efforts for independence
16. Philippvile
Who: Battle between France and FLN
What: FLN planned a full frontal attack but French were prepared
and Algeria lost Phillipvile as well.
When: 1955
Where: Phillipvile, Algeria
Significance: Weakened the FLN severely.
17. Battle of Algiers
Who: Battle in Algiers
What: FLN used guerilla warfare against the French but were
eventually defeated.
When: September 8, 1966
Where: Algeria
Significance: Weakened the FLN efforts.
18. Counterinsurgency
Who: French soliders
What: Tactic used by armies to stop Algerian violence against the
French rule, and protect the general population at the same time.
When: During Algerian War
Where: Algeria
Significance: Created problems for both sides.

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