Who: French and Algerians What: on 8 May in Setif violence broke out between the French Army and Algerian rebels. This began an era where the Algerians started to doubt the French, and tension rose between the French and Algerians. When: 1945 - 1954 Where: Algeria Significance: Was the beginning of the Algerian independence movement, and the beginning of the Algerian War for Independence 2. Colons Who: European immigrants What: Took control of the government in Algeria, had most of the power. When: Late 1800s Where: Algeria Significance: Increased tensions between Algerians and French due to the fact that colons had most of the power and didn't give anyone a say. 3. Pied Noirs Who: Europeans immigrants who moved to Algeria What: Term used to describe the Europeans who immigrated to Algeria when the country was under French rule. When: Became popular in 1900s Where: Algeria Significance: Were supporters of French colonial rule in Africa, increased tensions. 4. Messali Hadj Who: Algerian nationalist politician What: Created the MNA and led many revolts aginst the French leaders for independence. Was eventually put under house arrest in France. He was a devout Muslim. When: 1898 - 1974 Where: Algeria Significance: Was quite popular at the time, and the French felt threatened. 5. Ferhat Abbas Who: Algerian political leader. What: Was part of the FLN, and was president of the country for a while. Fought for independence. When: 1899 - 1985 Where: Algeria
Significance: Was seen as acceptable to the Europeans, although he
fought for independence. 6. Ben Ballas Who: Algerian socialist solider, revolutionary, and first President of Algeria. What: Played an important role as part of the FLN and was very popular after independence. When: 1918 - 2012 Where: Algeria Significance: Was put in power after independence was gained from the French, and was wanted for arrest for a long time. 7. FLN(Front de Libration Nationale National Liberation Front) Who: Socialist Political Party What: Main revolutionary group that led the war for independence of Algeria. Was the main political party in power in Algeria for awhile. When: Founded in 1954 Where: Algeria Significance: Had many followers and created many problems for the French, eventually won the war for independence. 8. ALN Who: The armed wing of the FLN during the Algerian war. What: Was a very violent group and estimated to kill many Muslims and French. After independence was created into an actual military force of the republic. When: 1954 Where: Algeria Significance: Was the main party actually fighting against the French, increased tensions. 9. Guy Mollet Who: French socialist politician and prime minister What: Opposed French colonialism of Algeria, wanted to negotiate with FLN but that didnt work out. Was the leader of the French Section of Workers International. When: 1946 1969 Where: France Significance: Had a lot of power in France and helped the Algerian fight for independence. 10. Charles de Gaulle Who: President of France What: Wanted an end to the bloody Algerian War and after many other efforts eventually granted Algerias independence in 1962. When: 1890 1970 Where: France
Significance: Many French unhappy that he granted independence,
and Algerians unhappy with his tactics. Neither party was very happy with him but increased tensions in France. 11. General Maurice Challe Who: French general during Algerian War What: Was very successful in fending of the ALN, and weakened them considerably. Backed Charles de Gaulle. When: 1905 1970 Where: France Significance: Was a very prominent member of the army, and kept the war against Algeria in the favor of the French for a long time. 12. OAS (Organisation Arme Secrete) Who: Far right paramilitary organization What: Carried out many attacks on the FLN and believed Algeria was Frances and always should be. Tried to assassinate Charles de Gaulle after he granted independence to Algeria with the Evian agreements. When: 1961 - 1962 Where: France Significance: Created many problems for Algeria and French. 13. MNA (Mouvement National Algrian) Who: Counteracted affects of the FLN What: Created by the French so that the FLN would not be the only party in Algeria(to say violence was not always the answer), but eventually lost to the FLN. When: late 1800s - 1960 Where: Algeria Significance: Opposed FLN and created roadblocks in fight for independence. 14. Harkis Who: Algerians who fought for the French during the War What: After France lost; the French turned them over to the Algerians who killed and tortured them. Have still not forgiven the French for that. When: Algeria Where: During the Algerian War. Significance: Created tensions because French took some of Algerias own people. 15. Caf Wars Who: Fighting between FLN and MNA What: Fighting took the form of bombs and assassinations at supporters of either party. When: During Algerian War Where: Algeria
Significance: Increased tensions in the country, and weakened
efforts for independence 16. Philippvile Who: Battle between France and FLN What: FLN planned a full frontal attack but French were prepared and Algeria lost Phillipvile as well. When: 1955 Where: Phillipvile, Algeria Significance: Weakened the FLN severely. 17. Battle of Algiers Who: Battle in Algiers What: FLN used guerilla warfare against the French but were eventually defeated. When: September 8, 1966 Where: Algeria Significance: Weakened the FLN efforts. 18. Counterinsurgency Who: French soliders What: Tactic used by armies to stop Algerian violence against the French rule, and protect the general population at the same time. When: During Algerian War Where: Algeria Significance: Created problems for both sides.