An Undergraduate Thesis

presented by:

NEIL LEMON B. MEDIODIA

March 10, 2010
 Chapter 1

Introduction
 Chapter 1
Statement of the Problem
What is the work attitude of skilled and non- skilled workers in
the construction industry of Oroquieta City in relation to the
following factors:
a. Project Management
b. Safety
c. Work Environment
d. Co- workers
e. Performance
f. Benefits
g. Supervision
 Chapter 1

 Is there a significant difference between the work

attitudes and its related factors among skilled and
non- skilled workers in the construction industry of
Oroquieta City?

 Is there any relationship in the attitude towards

work among construction workers and the variables
of age, educational attainment and the number of
years in the occupation?
 Chapter 1
Objective of the Study

 To determine the profile of construction workers

working in the construction industry of Oroquieta City.

 To investigate and compare the work attitudes of skilled

and non- skilled workers in Oroquieta City.

 To examine the relationship between the attitude

towards work among construction workers and the
variables age, educational attainment and the number
of years in the occupation.
 Chapter 1
Significance of the Study

 provide essential information about the workers’

attitude among skilled and non- skilled workers in the
construction industry in Oroquieta City.
 By conducting workers’ attitude surveys, project
managers will be able to know the words left unspoken.
 Thus, the workers’ views are then valued and
improvement of morale and commitment is realized.
Taking lead to this case, issues like reasons for high
worker productivity and good management can be dealt
with.
 Chapter 1
Scope and Limitations

 The study is concerned primarily on the comparison of

attitude among skilled and non- skilled workers in the
construction industry of Oroquieta City. Construction
projects are limited to on-going horizontal projects by
government and private construction entities.
 The study also focuses into the construction worker’s
attitudes and related factors such as project
management, safety, work environment, co- workers,
performance, benefits, and treatment given by the
supervisor.
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

 Chapter 2

Attitude
Attitudes are generally positive or negative views of
a person, place, thing, or event– this is often
referred to as the attitude object
(www.wikipedia.org).

Attitude is a choice (Kalaydjian, 2009).

 Chapter 2

 Skilled Worker
A skilled worker is any worker who has some special
skill, knowledge, or (usually acquired) ability in his
work.
 Non- skilled Worker
Non- skilled is any worker who don’t have special
skill or trainings in his work, usually called as laborer.
 Chapter 2

 Attitude Survey
Attitude survey is a piece of research carried out
to assess the feelings of a target audience toward a
product, brand, or organization
(dictionary.bnet.com).
 Questionnaire
A questionnaire is a printed form, sent to
respondent who completes the form and returns it.
It evaluates certain measures through a series of
questions which are relevant to whatever purpose it
may serve.
 Chapter 2

 Rating
A rating consists of the respondents assigning
numbers to their judgments about the relative
amount of some property which a set of objects
possesses.
 Chapter 2
Statistical Treatment Used
 Mode
The mode is the value that occurs the most
frequently in a data set.
 Chart
A chart is a visual representation of data, in
which the data are represented by symbols.
 Percentage
In mathematics, a percentage is a way of
expressing a number as a fraction o f 100 (per
cent meaning "per hundred").
 Chapter 2
Mann- Whitney U Test of Significance

In statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test is a non

parametric test for assessing whether two
independent samples of observations come from
the same distribution. It is one of the best-known
non-parametric significance tests.
Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient
Spearman’ rank correlation coefficient tells the
magnitude and direction of the association
between two variables that are on an interval or
ratio scale.
 Chapter 3

Methodology
 Chapter 3
 Research Design
The study is basically focused on work attitude. The
study makes use of a descriptive- comparative method
that sought to know the significant difference between
the attitudes of skilled and non- skilled workers in the
construction industry of Oroquieta City.
 Respondents
Construction workers in the local industry of
Oroquieta City are made to be the respondents that is
made up of both skilled and laborers. The number of
respondents per on- going construction are
proportioned from a sample.
 Chapter 3
 Instrument Used
A questionnaire is used to gather data or
information which is adapted from the previous
study of Cuino, A. B. (2003), Attitude towards Work
among Construction Workers in the construction
Industry of Iligan City.
 Procedure
The questionnaires are delivered by hand to
different construction firms that promised to
accommodate the survey along with a letter noted
by the adviser and made by the researcher.
 Chapter 3

Statistical Treatment
 Chapter 4

Results and Discussions

Profile of the Respondents Chapter 4

Figure 4.1.1 Overall Status Distribution of Respondents

2%

31% single
married
widow

67%

Table 4.1.1 Overall Status of Construction Workers

Status Frequency Percentage
Single 22 31%
Married 47 67%
Widow 1 2%
 Chapter 4
Figure 4.1.2 Overall Age Distribution of
Respondents
23
16
13 11
3 4

Below 20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 Above 60

Table 4.1.2 Overall Age of Construction Workers

Age Frequency Percentage
Below 20 3 4%
21-30 23 33%
31-40 16 23%
41-50 13 19%
51-60 11 16%
Above 60 4 6%
 Chapter 4
Figure 4.1.3 Overall Distribution of Number of Years in the
Construction
24 Industry of Respondents
17 16

5 3 3 2

Below 5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 Above 30

Table 4.1.3 Overall Number of Years in the Occupation of Respondents

Years in the Occupation Frequency Percentage
Below 5 24 34%
6 - 10 17 24%
11 - 15 16 23%
16 - 20 5 7%
21 - 25 3 4%
26 - 30 3 4%
Above 30 2 3%
 Chapter 4
Figure 4.1.4 Overall Distribution of Highest Educational
Attainment of Respondents
52
11
7
Elementary Graduate
High School Graduate
College Level

Table 4.1.4 Overall Highest Educational Attainment among Construction Workers

Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage

Elementary Graduate 11 16%
High School Graduate 52 74%
College Level 7 10%
Total 70 100%
 Figure 4.1.5 Overall Agency Distribution of Chapter 4
Respondents

54
16

Government
Private

Table 4.1.5 Overall Agency Distribution of Respondents

Agency Frequency Percentage

Government 16 23%
Private 54 77%
 Chapter 4
Figure 4.1.6 Overall Monthly Salary Distribution of
Respondents
44

11 5 9
1

Below 3500 3501-4500 4501-5500 5501-6500 Above 6500

Table 4.1.6 Overall Monthly Salary of Respondents

Monthly Salary Frequency Percentage
Below 3500 11 16%
3501-4500 44 63%
4501-5500 5 7%
5501-6500 9 13%
Above 6500 1 1%
 Chapter 4
Figure 4.1.7 Job Position Distribution among
Skilled Workers

17
10 3
2 3

Carpenter Mason Welder Steelman Machine

Operator

Table 4.1.7 Job Position of Skilled Workers

Skill/ Job Position Frequency Percentage
Carpenter 17 49%
Mason 10 29%
Welder 2 6%
Steel man 3 9%
Machine Operator 3 9%
Table 4.2.1 Attitude towards Work for Skilled Workers Chapter 4
Tabulated Rating
A. Attitude towards Work Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
My job is like a hobby to me.
6 9 5 12 3 --

My job is interesting enough.

10 9 5 10 1 +

I am often bored with my job.

1 13 8 12 1 --

I definitely dislike my work.

0 11 7 13 4 +

I choose this job because it allows me

4 13 8 9 1 +
to reach my goals.

Table 4.2.1 Attitude towards Work for Skilled Workers

Tabulated Rating
A. Attitude towards Work Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
My job is like a hobby to me.
12 11 1 9 2 +
My job is interesting enough.
7 8 2 14 4 --
I am often bored with my job.
6 11 4 11 3 --
I definitely dislike my work.
7 11 6 9 2 --
I choose this job because it allows me
5 16 6 7 1 +
to reach my goals.
Table 4.2.3 Skilled Workers Response to Factor Project Management Chapter 4
Tabulated Rating
B. Project Management Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
I am given an opportunity to improve my
skills here. 6 17 6 6 0 +
I am treated with respect at work.
3 18 7 6 1 +
I am made to feel I am an important …
6 10 2 12 1 _
I am involved in decisions that affect my
work. 3 17 8 6 1 +
I have confidence in the leadership of my
company. 8 15 11 0 1 +

Table 4.2.4 Non- skilled Workers Response to Factor Project Management

Tabulated Rating
B. Project Management Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
I am given an opportunity to improve my
9 19 2 2 3 +
skills here.
I am treated with respect at work.
6 9 7 10 3 _
I am made to feel I am an important …
7 12 7 9 0 +
I am involved in decisions that affect my
6 8 9 12 0 _
work.
I have confidence in the leadership of my
19 9 1 3 3 +
company.
Table 4.2.5 Skilled Workers Response to Factor Safety Chapter 4
Tabulated Rating
C. Safety Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
I feel that it is important to maintain
safety at all times. 4 10 9 9 3 +

I encourage my co- worker to work

safely. 6 8 6 15 0 _

Occasionally, due to over familiarity …

0 8 9 16 2 _
I am not given enough time to get the job
done safely. 0 6 9 16 4 _

Under work pressure, it is normal …

1 7 7 18 2 _

Table 4.2.6 Non- skilled Workers Response to Factor Safety

Tabulated Rating
C. Safety Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
I feel that it is important to maintain
5 11 11 6 2 +
safety at all times.
I encourage my co- worker to work
6 16 3 9 1 +
safely.
Occasionally, due to over familiarity …
5 12 7 9 2 +
I am not given enough time to get the job
1 15 6 11 2 +
done safely.
Under work pressure, it is normal …
4 16 5 5 5 +
Table 4.2.7 Skilled Workers Response to Factor Present Working Condition Chapter 4
Tabulated Rating
D. Present Working Conditions Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
I feel comfortable with my place of
work. 1 23 3 6 2 +

I am irritated of the environment …

0 11 12 9 3 +
I am very much tired of having …
2 18 4 10 1 +
I always need adequate physical …
2 14 8 10 1 +
I rarely feel exhausted at work.
0 17 6 10 2 +

Table 4.2.8 Non- skilled Workers Response to Factor Present Working Condition
Tabulated Rating
D. Present Working Conditions Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
I feel comfortable with my place of
work.
9 20 2 4 0 +
I am irritated of the environment…
3 20 2 6 4 +
I am very much tired of having …
4 15 5 9 2 +
I always need adequate physical …
4 17 3 8 3 +
I rarely feel exhausted at work.
9 9 7 7 3 +
Table 4.2.9 Skilled Workers Response to Factor Co-workers Chapter 4
Tabulated Rating
E. Co-workers Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
There is teamwork among the workers in
this company. 4 22 6 2 1 +
Overall, my co-workers are good …
3 11 7 14 0 _
I am proud to be associated with my co-
workers. 4 15 5 10 1 +
I trust and have confidence among …
3 15 8 8 1 +
The work groups in this company work
together well. 3 14 6 11 1 +

Table 4.2.10 Non- skilled Workers Response to Factor Co-workers

Tabulated Rating
E. Co-workers Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
There is teamwork among the workers in
this company. 20 11 1 1 2 +
Overall, my co-workers are good …
13 13 4 3 2 +
I am proud to be associated with my co-
workers. 8 18 5 3 1 +
I trust and have confidence among …
12 16 4 2 1 +
The work groups in this company work
together well. 15 11 4 4 1 +
Table 4.2.11 Skilled Workers Response to Factor Performance Chapter 4
Tabulated Rating
F. Performance Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
My performance appraisal accurately …
2 20 7 5 1 +

My performance gives me a feeling …

4 16 4 11 0 +

I am clear about what I need to do …

1 12 7 15 0 _
I understand how my performance is
evaluated. 7 9 5 13 1 _

I understand how my performance …

7 10 7 11 0 _

Table 4.2.12 Non- skilled Workers Response to Factor Performance

Tabulated Rating
F. Performance Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
My performance appraisal accurately …
10 14 3 5 3 +
My performance gives me a feeling …
5 12 8 9 1 +
I am clear about what I need to do …
8 6 9 9 3 _
I understand how my performance is
evaluated.
5 11 5 11 3 +
I understand how my performance …
7 6 5 11 6 _
Table 4.2.13 Skilled Workers Response to Benefits/ Incentives Chapter 4
Tabulated Rating
G. Benefits/ Incentives Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
The company’s benefits package …
7 14 5 9 0 +

The company’s benefits package …

1 10 6 18 0 _

I receive adequate recognition and

rewards … 2 14 4 14 1 +
Company awards program provides …
1 8 8 18 0 _

Overall, I am satisfied with the benefits

… 3 10 7 14 1 _

Table 4.2.14 Non- skilled Workers Response to Benefits/ Incentives

Tabulated Rating
G. Benefits/ Incentives Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
The company’s benefits package …
12 10 2 10 1 +
The company’s benefits package …
7 10 4 12 2 _
I receive adequate recognition and
rewards …
2 14 7 10 2 +
Company awards program provides …
4 14 2 12 3 +
Overall, I am satisfied with the benefits
…
7 9 7 9 3 +
Table 4.2.15 Skilled Workers Response to Factor Relationship to the Supervisor Chapter 4
Tabulated Rating
H. Supervision Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
My Supervisor has a positive attitude …
2 22 6 5 0 +

There is a good communication …

5 12 4 14 0 _

I can go to my supervisor if I have a

problem. 4 13 5 12 1 +
My supervisor gives me constructive
feedback. 5 15 8 6 1 +

I trust the feedback I receive from my

supervisor. 7 15 6 6 1 +

Table 4.2.16 Non- skilled Workers Response to Factor Relationship to the Supervisor
Tabulated Rating
H. Supervision Description
Strongly Strongly
Agree Undecided Disagree
Agree Disagree
My Supervisor has a positive attitude …
15 13 2 4 1 +
There is a good communication …
5 18 4 7 1 +
I can go to my supervisor if I have a
6 11 5 11 2 +
problem.
My supervisor gives me constructive
8 11 6 9 1 +
feedback.
I trust the feedback I receive from my
8 17 3 4 3 +
supervisor.
 Chapter 4

Table 4.3 Significant difference between the work attitudes based on the related factors
among skilled and non-skilled workers based on the related factors

Hypothesis Mann-Whitney U Probability Result

Ho : There is no significant difference between the work attitudes

based on its related factors among skilled and non-skilled workers

in the construction industry of Oroquieta City.

-1.317 0.1877 ρ >α
H1 : There is a significant difference between the work attitudes

based on its related factors among skilled and non-skilled workers

in the construction industry of Oroquieta City.

 Chapter 4

Table 4.4 Relationship of Work Attitudes of Construction Workers with the variable Age

Hypothesis Spearman rank Probability Result

Ho : There is no significant association in the attitude towards work

among construction workers and their age.

0.0367 0.7628 ρ >α
H1 : There is a significant association in the attitude towards work

among construction workers and their age.

 Chapter 4

Table 4.5 Relationship of Work Attitudes of Construction Workers with the variable
Educational Attainment
Hypothesis Spearman rank Probability Result

Ho : There is no significant association in the attitude towards

work among construction workers and their educational

attainment. 0.0658 0.5884 ρ >α

H1 : There is a significant association in the attitude towards work

among construction workers and their educational attainment.

 Chapter 5

Conclusions &
Recommendations
 Chapter 5
Conclusions
1. As the profile of the construction suggests,
most of the respondents are married. Most of
the respondents come from the age of young
adult. In terms of the educational attainment,
most finished high school level. And most of
them are hired by private firms.

2. The non- skilled workers give more positive

ratings compared with the skilled workers. But
both are enthusiastic enough to give a positive
rating with “I choose this job because it allows
me to reach my goals.” This would mean that the
respondents depend on the job for a living.
 Chapter 5
With regards to project management, it can
be noted that the skilled workers give more
positive ranking than the non-skilled. This would
mean that the skilled workers are more aware on
the management.
Considering safety, still the skilled workers
give more negative ratings compared to non-
skilled workers. This would imply that skilled
workers are conscious and have exposure on
safety compared with the non- skilled.
 Chapter 5
In terms of present working conditions, skilled
and non- skilled agreed to give a positive rating.
Thus, both are pleased and satisfied with their
environment.
Concerning their response to their respective co-
workers, the skilled workers apparently made four-
out-of-five positive response, while the non- skilled
workers gave a perfect positive response. Most of
the respondents enjoyed the company of each other.
In performance, most say “My performance
appraisal accurately reflects my performance.” This
indicates that most of the respondents adhere to the
evaluation given to them.
 Chapter 5
As compared with respect to benefits/
incentives, the skilled works give most of the
negative rating than the non- skilled. This would
indicate that skilled workers are unsatisfied with
the programs on incentives/ benefits than non-
skilled.
In the relationship with the supervisor, it is clear
that most of the respondents are optimistic and
confident with their respective supervisors. They
do not see their supervisor destructive on their
part. It is worth noting that the non-skilled
workers gave a perfect positive response.
 Chapter 5

3. Taking into consideration the result obtained, it

is determined that there is no significant
difference between the work attitudes based on
its related factors among skilled and non- skilled
workers in the construction industry of Oroquieta
City. This means that the work attitudes among
skilled workers do have a relationship with those
of the non- skilled workers.
 Chapter 5

4. Taking into consideration the result obtained,

it is determined that there is no significant
difference between the work attitudes based on
its related factors among skilled and non- skilled
workers in the construction industry of Oroquieta
City. This means that the work attitudes among
skilled workers do have a relationship with those
of the non- skilled workers.
 Chapter 5

5. Based on the results obtained using the

appropriate statistical treatment, it was found
out that the there is no significant relationship
between work attitudes of construction workers
and the variables; age, educational attainment
and number of years in the occupation. This
means that the work attitudes of the
respondents are not affected with age,
educational attainment and experience.
Recommendations Chapter 5

1. To have a clear understanding on the

differences on the work attitudes in other place,
conduct a comparative study on work attitudes
with other cities.
2. To make the data gathering fast and
convenient, reconstruct the questionnaire and
reduce it to specifics.
3. To reduce the errors during statistical analysis
and have reliable results, increase the sample size.
4. To have a good response from the respondents,
allow the respondents to think.
 References

References
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 References
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 References
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