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Introduction
IMBOK
Supply
Information
technology
Business
Strategy
Demand
New Features
on the Website
for regular
customers
Neither person made any attempt to examine the middle ground between IT (Yati) and the
needs of business (Amin).
The GAP
The gap (chasm) between people sitting on either side is well
documented and comprises different attitudes, different vocabularies
and different expectations.
However, the reality is that there are connections between these two
worlds and it is necessary to understand them if our investment in IT
and IS are to succeed.
Technology
1.
Information
technology
2.
Information
system
3.
Business
process
4.
Business
benefit
5.
Business
strategy
We need to replace
the existing phone
based order entry
system with a new
online one
Customers are
reluctant to order
onine
Information
technology
Information
system
Business
process
Business
benefit
Business
strategy
- Secure Svr
- XML
- Online
order Entry
- Order
Fulfillment
- Better
Customer
Svc
- Retain
Customer
IMBOK Framework
IM
Knowledge
Areas
Information
technology
Projects
Information
system
Business
change
IM
Processes
Business
process
Business
operations
Business
benefit
Performance
management
Business
strategy
IM Knowledge Areas
Information Technology:
Constantly changing.
Includes: Network/Telco, DB SW, OS, Physical infrastructure.
What do we need to know to make the best possible use of IT?
Information Systems:
Process of engineering IT into IS including the human capability.
Legacy/Custom made vs. Software Packages.
Business Process:
IS are applied to business processes in order to improve them.
A Business process is something that extends from one boundary of a business
to the opposite boundary.
Business Benefit
The management of business benefits out of IT is not well understood.
BSC Business Performance Management
However not much effort has been made to related it to the benefits IT
investment and introduction of new IS.
Business Strategy
No need to explain here
IM Processes
Projects:
IT is useless until it is engineered into systems that meet the need of the
business.
Project Management is the IM process that delivers systems.
Business Change:
The best IS succeed in delivering benefits through the achievement of change.
Change must be managed, because change involves people.
Business Operations:
With new systems in place, with business processes improved and wth staff
finally ready and able to work with new processes, then business can get to
work.
We are now beyond the scope of direct involvement of IT and IS staff but we are
still very much concerned w/ the benefits of new ISs as seen through improved
Business Performance.
Performance Management:
Is where business strategy meets business operaions, and where the benefits of
our investment in better business practice are finally seen and delivered.
BSC Dimensions: Financial, Internal Efficiency, Customer Satisfaction &
Organizational learning and growth.
Knowledge Area 1:
Information Technology
IMBOK
Information Technology
Is a phrase used to refer to specific technical components, normally
organised as hardware, software and communications which are
used to make up an information system.
How good an organization is at acquiring technology, and how good
they are at deploying it through innovative IS.
Managerial Issues that we must deal with in the domain of IT:
Managing Suppliers
Acquiring technology
Managing Technology portfolio
Technology competencies
Budget Management
Knowledge Area 2:
Information System
IMBOK
Information Systems
An information system is not the same as the technology upon
which it is based: it is the totality of technological and human
components that work together to produce the information systems
and services that a business needs, and that processes information
for some organization pupose.
Many ways to classify, for example:
Degree of fomality
Degree of automation applied to them
Their relation to decision making
The value to the organization
Managerial Issues:
IS Maturity
Benefits
Efficiency
Scope
Corporate
Level
Community
Level
Country
Level
Effectiveness
Evolution
Stage 1: Internal
Efficiency
Stage 2: Internal
Effectiveness
Stage 3: Internal
Evolution
Traditional DP
(Acct, Payroll)
Competitive Systems
(Customer & Supplier
Linking)
Stage 4: External
Efficiency
Stage 5: External
Effectiveness
Stage 6: Industry
evolution
(Sharing operational
information)
Widespread
disintermediation (Supply
chain optimisation,
emergence of the Web)
Trans-national systems
(IT spills out into
communities of all kinds)
Sovereignty of information
Decline of geo political
structures
Future Potential
Application Portfolio
STRATEGIC
Applications that are critical
to sustaining future business
strategy.
HIGH POTENTIAL
Applications that may be
important in achieving future
business strategy.
KEY OPERATIONAL
Applications upon which the
organization currently
depends for success.
SUPPORT
Applications that are valuable
but not critical to success
Current Relevance
Corporation
Groups or
Divisions
Business Units
Functions or
departements
Individuals
Mgmt Style
Project Style
Risk Mgmt
Funding
High Potential
Contain overspending
through time and budget
limitations. Close down
projects that fail at review
time.
Strategic
Key Operational
Support
Knowledge Area 3:
Business Processes
IMBOK
Business Process
Let us remember that we are concerned with business processes in order to deliver business performance that is
appropriate to the expectations of our stakeholders, and to ensure that we are investing in information systems in
the most appropriate areas of activity. But there is one other view: that the processes of an organisation can be
the basis of competitive strategy.
At the heart of process management is the need to see the business in a simple way, through models, in order to
improve it. This gives us a clue as to some of the management issues that still surround business process
management:
Business Modelling
- Untuk Improvement thd proses bisnis dibutuhkan suatu model yang merepresentasikan bisnis.
- Bentuk pemodelan bisnis sedemikian rupa agar model dapat memvisualisasikan ide-ide thd proses dan alternatifaltenatifnya.
- Business Model harus dipelihara dengan kemampuan internal.
- Business Model yang direpresentasikan secara grafis dianggap lebih mudah difahami dengan demikian lebih efektif dalam
pemanfaatannya.
Process Management
- Pemilik Proses mendokumentasikan
proses, statusnya dan memelihara
informasi sekitar proses seperti
permasalahan dalam proses dan
kesempatan improvement.
- Kajian rutin perlu dilakukan untuk
memfasilitasi ide-ide pengembangan
dan inovasi thd proses.
Stakeholders
Change Management
Knowledge Area 4:
Business Benefit
IMBOK
Business Benefit
The process of organising and managing, such that the potential
benefits of an investment of time and effort are actually realised.
Discounted Cash Flow Techniques:
Cost element can be estimated w/ confident from suppliers quotation and from assumptions
about the yearly increase in licence costs and the like.
STRATEGIC
Speed
HIGH POTENTIAL
Understanding
Accuracy
Efficiency
KEY OPERATIONAL
Speed
SUPPORT
Accuracy
Speed
Accuracy
Efficiency
Efficiency
Information
Systems
Online
Catalogue
Electronic
Commerce
Business
Benefits
Knowledge of
suppressed
demand
Online Order
Entry
Reduced Costs
Transport
Scheduling
Improved
availability
Certainty
Tech
Components
Enabling
Changes
Business
Changes
Primary
Benefits
Investment
Objectives
Information
Technology
Information
Systems
Business
Processes
Business
Benefit
Business
Strategy
Actions
Identify and
structure benefits
Plan benefits
realisation
Monitor project progress and check against expected business changes and primary
benefits.
Review and refine benefits relisation plan as may be necessary.
Manage the business change programme and organize post implementation reviews.
Business Manager:
Dealing w/ stakeholders
As the work proceeds the potential problems w/ stakeholders will
emerge.
Knowledge Area 5:
Business Strategy
IMBOK
Business Strategy
Strategy is about change, without change, there is no real need for
strategy. With change in mind, we can argue that the simplest
definition of strategy is; knowing where you are, knowing where you
could choose to be and knowing how you intend to get there
(roughly speaking).
IS STRATEGY
IT STRATEGY