DIVISION 14

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

14100
14200
14300
14400
14500
14600
14700
14800
14900

Dumbwaiters
Elevators
Escalators and Moving walks
Lifts
Material Handling
Hoists and Cranes
Turntables
Scaffolding
Transportation

DUMBWAITERS

is a small freightelevator(orlift)
intended to carry objects rather than
people. Dumbwaiters found within
modern structures, including both
commercial, public and private
buildings, are often connected
between multiple floors. When
installed in restaurants, schools,
kindergartens, hospitals, retirement
homes or in private homes, the lifts
generally terminate in a kitchen.

14100 DUMBWAITERS
A simple dumbwaiter is a
movable frame in a shaft,
dropped by a rope on a pulley,
guided by rails; most
dumbwaiters have a shaft, cart,
and capacity smaller than those
of passenger elevators, usually
45 to 450 kg (100 to
1000lbs.)Before electric
motors were added in the 1920s,
dumbwaiters were controlled
manually by ropes on pulleys.

TYPES OF DUMBWAITERS
FLOOR TYPE
Floor type dumbwaiter is
installed on the same horizontal
level with the floor of the
passage way to facilitate
carriage of goods normally
carried on handcarts. This type
of dumbwaiter is normally
found in hotels, or corridor
areas. Normally used to carry
large goods such as tables.

Window type
Window type dumbwaiter is
installed at the height of a man's
waist, so that users can
conveniently use the dumbwaiter.
This type is commonly found in
libraries, offices, restaurants,
kitchens, and other places. It is
normally used to carry books,
documents, kitchen utensils, food
and beverages, and other goods.

Large type
This type of dumbwaiter has a
large cab with an external
manual gate and it is similar to
a normal freight elevator, but
there are no buttons inside the
car. Some large dumbwaiters
may have an interior light.
Passengers are usually not
allowed to enter or ride it for
safety reason. Button panel is
located on the outside, often
has a digital floor indicator.

14200 ELEVATORS
The elevator (or lift in the

Commonwealth excluding Canada)

is a type of vertical transport
equipment that efficiently moves
people or goods between floors
(levels,decks) of a building,
vessel or other structure.
Elevators are generally powered
by electric motors that either
drive traction cables or
counterweight systems like a
hoist, or A set of lifts in the
lower level of a London
Underground station.

TYPES OF ELEVATORS

Passenger

elevator - Elevator
are the main transportation
arteries in the modern building
and are vital in determining a
building's economic success. All
types of passenger lifts of
different capacity and speed.

Good elevators - Goods

Elevators are used in different
industries for lifting heavy
goods and items. These goods
elevators are precision designed
to have excellent lifting
capacity & maintenance less
working mechanism.

Panoramic elevators panoramic elevators ,

panoramic lift are designed
basically for malls and other
commercials buildings. It has an
overlook over other elevators.
Visible on one side and to step
aside on the floors of your will
on the other side.

Capsule elevators - Capsule

Elevators act as Architectural
highlights on prestigious
buildings. They can be called
the ornaments of a building as
they enhance its beauty and
bring life into it. Its design,
features and infinite options
add its optimum travel comfort.

Automobile elevators - A car

elevator is installed where ramps
are considered space-in
conservative. Car elevators are
usually used in parking the vehicles
at different floors, automobile
show rooms, automobile service
centers etc. The car elevator
usually has got the entrance on
opposite sides so that the car can
enter from one end and leave from
the opposite end.

Strecher elevator- Strecher

elevator also cater to the health
sector by providing specialized
range of Stretcher Elevators suited
for application in hospitals, health
centers and other similar places. A
Stretcher Elevator provides highly
stable and smooth operation as it
utilizes inverter control technology
and lowest noise mechanism.

Glass elevators - Glass elevators

from skylark combine speed,

efficiency, simplicity and easy
maintenance at competitive prices.
these elevators are intended for
use in residential apartments,
hotels, banks and similar
applications, where the ease of use
by individuals is important.

Hydraulic elevators - Hydraulic

drive systems have a motorpump unit which supplies
pressurized fluid via flexible
hoses to a hydraulic cylinder.
The cylinder provides the
elevator car with motion
indirectly. An electric motor
drives the pump. Control of the
system is by electro-hydraulic
valves; ascent is driven under
pressure and descent under
gravity using the weight of the
elevator car.

Hydraulic

elevators - Hydraulic
drive systems have a motorpump unit which supplies
pressurized fluid via flexible
hoses to a hydraulic cylinder.
The cylinder provides the
elevator car with motion
indirectly

TYPES OF HOIST MECHANISMS

Traction elevators- Geared traction mControlling elevators Space to stand in, guardrails,
seating cushion (luxury) Overload sensor prevents the elevator from moving until excess
load has been removed. It may trigger a voice prompt or buzzer alarm. This may also trigger a
"full car" indicator, indicating the car's inability to accept more passengers until some are
unloaded.
achines are driven by AC or DC electric motors. Geared machines use worm gears to control
mechanical movement of elevator cars by "rolling" steel hoist ropes over a drive sheave which is
attached to a gearbox driven by a high speed motor.
Controlling elevators Space to stand in, guardrails, seating cushion (luxury) Overload
sensor prevents the elevator from moving until excess load has been removed. It may trigger a
voice prompt or buzzer alarm. This may also trigger a "full car" indicator, indicating the car's
inability to accept more passengers until some are unloaded.

ESCALATORS AND MOVING WALKS

A moving staircase consisting of

an endlessly circulating belt of
steps driven by a motor,
conveying people between the
floors of a public building.

ESCALATOR

Design and layout consideration Escalators, like moving walkways, are often powered by
constant-speed alternating current motors and move at approximately 12 feet (0.30.6 m) per
second. The typical angle of inclination of an escalator to the horizontal floor level is 30
degrees with a standard rise up to about 60 feet (18 m). Modern escalators have single-piece
aluminum or stainless steel steps that move on a system of tracks in a continuous loop. A
number of factors affect escalator design, including physical requirements, location, traffic
patterns, safety considerations, and aesthetic preferences. Foremost, physical factors like the
vertical and horizontal distance to be spanned must be considered.

COMPONENTS OF ESCALATORS
Landing platform: These two platforms house the curved sections of the tracks, as well as the gears and motors that
drive the stairs. The top platform contains the motor assembly and the main drive gear, while the bottom holds the
step return idler sprockets.
Floor plate: It provides a place for the passengers to stand before they step onto the moving stairs. This plate is flush
with the finished floor and is either hinged or removable to allow easy access to the machinery below.
Truss: The truss is a hollow metal structure that bridges the lower and upper landings. It is composed of two side
sections joined together with cross braces across the bottom and just below the top. The ends of the truss are attached
to the top and bottom landing platforms via steel or concrete supports. The truss carries all the straight track.
Steps: The steps themselves are solid, one piece, die-cast aluminum or steel. The steps are linked by a continuous
metal chain that forms a closed loop. The front and back edges of the steps are each connected to two wheels. The
rear wheels are set further apart to fit into the back track and the front wheels have shorter axles to fit into the
narrower front track.
Handrail: The handrail provides a convenient handhold for passengers while they are riding the escalator. In an
escalator, the handrail is pulled along its track by a chain that is connected to the main drive gear by a series of pulleys

Deck board: These are used for preventing clothing from getting caught and other such problems.
Balustrade: The side of an escalator extending above the Steps, which includes Skirt Guard, Interior Panel, Deck
Board and Moving Handrails.
Tracks: The track system is built into the truss to guide the step chain, which continuously pulls the steps from
the bottom platform and back to the top in an endless loop.

WORKING OF ESCALATORS

The escalator machinery is hidden beneath its steps in what is known as the truss and at the top of the escalator,
housed in the truss, is an electric motor which runs the four gears that all escalators have two drive gears on
either side at the top and two return gears on either side at the bottom and the gears have chains that loop
around the gears and run down each side of the escalator then they are connected to each step, these chains
help the steps make their way up, or down, the escalator where the handrails that riders use for balance and
safety on their ride up or down escalators are powered by the same system that powers the steps and finally at
the handrails are essentially long rubber loops connected to the two drive gears at the top of the escalator and
powered by the same electric motor that powers the steps.

TYPES OF ESCALATORS

Parallel: These type of escalator go up

and down simultaneously. 1 Speed:
0.5m/s 2 Inclination: 30, 35 3 Step
width: 800 / 1000 4 Power: 50 Hz / 3p 5
Handrails: Rubber /Stainless steel 6
Step: stainless steel 7 Landing plate:
anti skid stainless steel. 8 Operation:
Emergency stop button/ Key switch /
Inspection operation. 9 Illumination:
lighting under upper and lower landing
steps. 10 Indicator: Failure indicator on
control cabinet.

Multi parallel:
1 Speed: 0.5m/s 2 Inclinations: 30,
35 3 Step widths: 800 / 1000 4
Power: 50 Hz / 3p 5 Handrails:
Rubber /Stainless steel 6 Step:
stainless steel 7 Landing plate: anti
skid stainless steel 8 Operation:
Emergency stop button/ Key switch
/ Inspection operation. 9
Illumination: lighting under upper
and lower landing steps. 10
Indicator: Failure indicator on
control cabinet

Spiral type escalators: These are

used to enhance the architectural
beauty and to save the space. 1
Inclined Angle : 30" 2 Rated Speed
[m/sec] : 25 3 Number of Persons :
6300 per hour 4 Rated Speed
(mtrs./sec.) :25 m/ min. 5 Vertical
Rise ( m ) : 3500 ~ 6600

Criss-cross: They stacks the escalators

that go in single direction and reduces
structural space requirement. 1 Step
width: 600 / 800 / 1000 2 Power: 300V
/ 50 Hz / 3p 3 Handrails: Rubber
/Stainless steel. 4 Step: stainless steel.
5 Landing plate: anti skid stainless steel.
6 Operation: Emergency stop button /
Key switch / Inspection operation. 7
Illumination: lighting under upper and
lower landing steps. 8 Indicator: Failure
indicator on control cabinet.

ADVANTAGES OF ESCALATORS

It helps a large no. of people in moving from one place to another at the same time and they reduce the need of
elevator because people would not have to wait for elevator and escalator can carry a large no. of people at the
same time. It is helpful for the people that have pain in their legs and joints i.e it provide comfort to the people
Escalators are effective when used as a mean of guidance and circulation. Their speed can be adjustied which is
helpful in managing the crowd. When turned off they can be used a staircase.

DISADVANTAGES OF ESCALATORS

Waste of energy when not in use. Possible njuries when stopped suddenly Source of fear
for small children

MOVING WALKS

Amoving walkwayormoving
sidewalk(American English), known in
British English as
atravelatorortravolatoris a slow
moving conveyor mechanism that
transports people across a horizontal or
inclined plane over a short to medium
distance.Moving walkways can be used
by standing or walking on them. They
are often installed in pairs, one for
each direction.

Moving walkways are built in one of two basic styles:

Pallet type a continuous series of flat metal plates join together to form a walkway - and are effectively
identical to escalators in their construction. Most have a metal surface, though some models have a rubber
surface for extra traction.
Moving belt these are generally built with mesh metal belts or rubber walking surfaces over metal rollers. The
walking surface may have a solid feel or a "bouncy" feel.
Both types of moving walkway have a grooved surface to mesh with combplates at the ends. Also, nearly all
moving walkways are built with moving handrails similar to those on escalators.

HOIST AND CRANES

Ahoistis a device used for lifting or lowering a load by means of a drum or lift-wheel around which rope or
chain wraps. It may be manually operated, electrically orpneumaticallydriven and may use chain, fiber or
wireropeas its lifting medium. The load is attached to the hoist by means of alifting hook.