Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
physical model of natural
or engineered system
visualization
data mining/science multiscale models
validation
y Education, education, education!
optimization
stochastic models mathematical model
uncertainty quantification
parameter inversion
data assimilation
model/data error control
Simulation‐‐based decision making
Simulation
e.g. design, control, operations,
y Keep it simple
K i i l
disaster response, manufacturing, advanced geometry &
hazard assessment, planning, treatment discretization schemes
y Build on familiar foundations
data/observations
numerical model
y Unification not disintegration
computer
y Develop respect
simulation scalable
algorithms
& solvers
approximation
verification
error control
1
2/17/2010
y has anything from the past 50 years of research in soil
y adequate complexity in geotechnical modelling
y mechanics entered the undergraduate curriculum? y user of modelling should have some idea of
y • is the answer to that challenge close to zero? phenomena expected to be important
y • what about concepts of critical state soil mechanics (≠
( y ensure that these phenomena are included in the
y Cam clay)? modelling
y • is anything approaching even a simple complete soil
y which aspects of soil response are first order or
y model introduced into a typical undergraduate degree
second order for performance of a geotechnical
y programme?
y • greater understanding and appreciation of soil models
system?
y can only be obtained by wide appropriate introduction at y experience?
y least into graduate degree programmes y careful parametric study
y engineers more likely to use models which are
incrementally different from ones with which they have
some familiarity
y (than models which adopt a completely different
language)
y certain models (with minor variations) generally available
in geotechnical numerical analysis programs (EPP Mohr
Coulomb, Cam clay)
y some models can be readily developed from the teaching
on soil strength – part of every undergraduate programme
(EPP Mohr Coulomb)
y (undergraduate background for Cam clay less ubiquitous)
y hence: develop hierarchical models from elastic‐perfectly
plastic Mohr‐Coulomb and Cam clay
2
2/17/2010
y separation in companies between structural and
geotechnical divisions
y sparing in information in requests for parameters: control
plead guilty in universities too!
y from first year of typical civil engineering degree: separate
units in structures, soil mechanics, hydraulics …
y do we make enough effort to introduce unifying units
requiring combined appreciation of two or three of these
subjects?
y soil‐structure interaction: obvious vehicle for
unification/integration
y learn by doing
y numerical analysis programs (black boxes?) not essential
y difficulties with numerical modelling (Potts,
2003):
y because there is no standard numerical strategy
for implementation of nonlinear models
y because some constitutive models seem to be
unable to give reasonable predictions
y because, even for apparently simple problems,
the results of numerical modelling can be very
dependent on the decisions made by the user
3
2/17/2010
y restrict use to experts? (Potts…)
y or educate students to explore, discover,
understand?
y need for communication between computer
modellers and designers
y education in respective languages
y always support advanced modelling with
back‐of the‐ envelope estimates