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Solar Energy: The radiations reaching earth from the sun and converting them in to
different useful forms of energy is called solar energy.
The utilization of solar energy is of two types Direct solar power and indirect solar
power.
Advantages:
The Solar power is pollution free.
It can operated with little maintenance or intervention after initial setup.
The Solar power is becoming more and more economical as costs associated with
production decreases, and the technology becomes more effective in energy
conversion.
The Solar power can be viewed as a local resource because of original climatic
variances.
Disadvantages:
The Solar power is only practical in certain areas with a favorable climate and
latitude. That is, areas near the tropics and which are relatively cloud free.
The Photovoltaic cells can serve for both off-grid and on-grid applications. It can
be used for off-grid professional devices and supply systems such as
telecommunication equipment, solar home systems, etc.
The electricity obtained from solar energy is useful in minimizing global warming
due to carbon dioxide.
Photovoltaics can be used as roof integrated systems, providing power and also
serving as optical shading elements for the space below and preventing
overheating in the summer.
Photovoltaic cells provide power for spacecraft and satellites.
Developments in the field of photovoltaic cells will boost the semiconductor
industry and storage battery industries.
Silicon:
The most common material used for solar cells is crystalline silicon, with multicrystalline
silicon is most used. Silicon is the second member in the group IV A in the periodic table.
It never occurs free in the nature, but occurs as oxides and silicates.
The solar cells are made out of three primary categories of crystalline silicon as follow.
i) Single crystalline or mono crystalline wafers.
ii) Poly or multi crystalline wafers.
iii) Ribbon silicon-drawn from molten silicon, having a multicrystalline structure.