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abstract
Article history:
Integral abutment bridges are becoming rather common, due to the durability problems of
bearings and expansion joints. At the same time, among short- and medium-span bridges,
multi-beam steel-concrete composite deck with hot-rolled girder is an economical and
interesting alternative to traditional pre-stressed concrete solutions. The two concepts can
Keywords:
be linked together to design integral steel-concrete composite bridges with the benefits of
two typologies. The most critical aspect for these bridges is usually the joints between deck
Steel-concrete bridges
and piers or abutments. In this paper, an innovative beam-to-pier joint is proposed and a
Steel-concrete joints
theoretical and experimental study is introduced and discussed. The analyzed connection
FEM simulation
procedure and a good transmission of hogging and sagging moment at the supports in
continuous beams. For this purpose, the traditional shear studs, used at the interface between steel beam and upper concrete slab, are also used at the ends of steel profiles welded
horizontally to the end plates. To better understand the behaviour of this kind of joints and
the roles played by different components, three large-scale specimens were tested and an
FE model was implemented. The theoretical and experimental results confirmed the potential of the proposed connection for practical applications and indicated the way to
improve its structural behaviour.
2015 Periodical Offices of Chang'an University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on
behalf of Owner. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
1.
Introduction
210
j o u r n a l o f t r a f fi c a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g ( e n g l i s h e d i t i o n ) 2 0 1 5 ; 2 ( 4 ) : 2 0 9 e2 2 2
2.
Joint
j o u r n a l o f t r a f fi c a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g ( e n g l i s h e d i t i o n ) 2 0 1 5 ; 2 ( 4 ) : 2 0 9 e2 2 2
211
212
j o u r n a l o f t r a f fi c a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g ( e n g l i s h e d i t i o n ) 2 0 1 5 ; 2 ( 4 ) : 2 0 9 e2 2 2
Fig. 4 e Assembly phases. (a) Concrete column. (b) Steel beam. (c) Concrete joint. (d) Concrete slab.
j o u r n a l o f t r a f fi c a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g ( e n g l i s h e d i t i o n ) 2 0 1 5 ; 2 ( 4 ) : 2 0 9 e2 2 2
Concrete
1eSteel beam
2eConcrete slab
3eConcrete
column
4eSteel end plates
5eShear studs
6eHeaded shear
studs
7eReinforcement
8eStirrups
Steel
S 355-EN10025
(EC3, Table 3.1)
C 35 (EC2, Table 3.1)
C 35 (EC2, Table 3.1)
S 355-EN10025
(EC3, Table 3.1)
SJ2G3C450-EN10025
(St 37-3K)
SJ2G3C450-EN10025
(St 37-3K)
fyk 430 MPa
(EC2, Table 3.1.5.2)
fyk 430 MPa
(EC2, Table 3.1.5.2)
213
214
j o u r n a l o f t r a f fi c a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g ( e n g l i s h e d i t i o n ) 2 0 1 5 ; 2 ( 4 ) : 2 0 9 e2 2 2
Type of instrument
No.
13
2
10
j o u r n a l o f t r a f fi c a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g ( e n g l i s h e d i t i o n ) 2 0 1 5 ; 2 ( 4 ) : 2 0 9 e2 2 2
215
216
j o u r n a l o f t r a f fi c a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g ( e n g l i s h e d i t i o n ) 2 0 1 5 ; 2 ( 4 ) : 2 0 9 e2 2 2
j o u r n a l o f t r a f fi c a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g ( e n g l i s h e d i t i o n ) 2 0 1 5 ; 2 ( 4 ) : 2 0 9 e2 2 2
217
218
j o u r n a l o f t r a f fi c a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g ( e n g l i s h e d i t i o n ) 2 0 1 5 ; 2 ( 4 ) : 2 0 9 e2 2 2
3.
Experimental tests
(1)
Prd 1 0:8 fu;St p d2 4 gn
(2)
1=2 .
gn
Prd 2 0:29 1 d2 fck Ecm
(3)
j o u r n a l o f t r a f fi c a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g ( e n g l i s h e d i t i o n ) 2 0 1 5 ; 2 ( 4 ) : 2 0 9 e2 2 2
Prd 2
0:8 450 p 15:87 4 1 71:21 kN
.
0:29 1 15:872 30 320001=2 1 71:56 kN
Prd min Prd 1 ; Prd 2 71:21 kN
Test setup
3.2.
4.
3.1.
219
Test results
220
j o u r n a l o f t r a f fi c a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g ( e n g l i s h e d i t i o n ) 2 0 1 5 ; 2 ( 4 ) : 2 0 9 e2 2 2
techniques can
reinforcements:
be
used
for
simulation
of
the
slab
j o u r n a l o f t r a f fi c a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g ( e n g l i s h e d i t i o n ) 2 0 1 5 ; 2 ( 4 ) : 2 0 9 e2 2 2
221
5.
Discussion
6.
Conclusions
The following conclusions can be drawn within the limitations of the research presented in this paper:
1. The proposed joint seems to be a good solution for beamto-pier connections in integral abutment bridges. Its construction method aimed to require the smallest number of
skilled workers and to minimise the overall construction
yard time, for a general limitation of costs. Furthermore,
the layout proposed allows, as much as possible, the
reduction of tolerance problems due to the connection
between steel and concrete.
2. The experimental tests showed a satisfied joint response
under cyclic load conditions, when considering the joint's use
in integral abutment bridges. The joint response was mainly
influenced by the degradation of the concrete in the pier.
3. The role of stirrups in connecting two end plates of the steel
beams through studs welded to the vertical steel plates was
also investigated. In order to improve the structural
behaviour, a joint update, with stirrups close to the base of
the studs, was proposed and analysed using an FE model.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the technical personnel of the
IUAV Laboratory of Structures and Materials for their valuable
help in conducting the experimental tests. The help of
Metralab and its director Dr. Ezio Giuffre was also appreciated.
references
222
j o u r n a l o f t r a f fi c a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g ( e n g l i s h e d i t i o n ) 2 0 1 5 ; 2 ( 4 ) : 2 0 9 e2 2 2
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