GGR365 Lecture 3 Sept 24, 2013

-Until 1800s land transportation wasnt convenient -> roads had holes
- goods could move more cheaply via water (oceans and riverside) wooden boats
would only reach a certain size and they could break and also based on wind
currents (limited by when and where you wanted to go)
- goods were all valuable and non-perishable
- things changed with motorization
-> firstly steam engine very heavy, so old fashioned roads wouldnt do (railways
were developed)
- animals put on railroad
- eventually railroads became ubiquitous around the world
- within continents steamboats became ubiquitous (north America, Europe)
- number of trade routes multiplied
- prices went down and quantities of goods increased drastically
NEXT BIG STEP more efficient way than steam engine (energy density of coal is
not as good as liquid hydrocarbons)
- Diesel engine replaced coal because It was more efficient (more energy density
and easily to move around than coal)
QUIZ different types of shipping
1. bulk shipping -> fill with raw material - petroleum, grain, cement, coal
- different tanks/compartments
- most famous are oil tankers largest today are called ultra large crew carriers
- clean product tankers carries clean material gasoline not petroleum (from crude
to clean)
2. RORO Vessel roll on roll off vessels
- used to move cars
- market to move cars around
3. LOLO vessels (break bulk)
- load on lift off
- break bulk made up of a lot of little things put in nets and lifted from dock onto
boat
- main problem was that when shifts are loaded that way spend a lot of time loading
and unloading (valuable stuff)
- ship that was imbolalized was inefficient
Malcom P. McLean
- devised containers that are ubiquitous today
- container ships how we move things around today
- container ports
- double stacking move a lot more goods more cheaply

ADVANTAGES OF CONTAINERIZATION TEST

- decrease transportation costs and time
- enhanced reliability
- reduced pilferage and theft
- slashed insurance prices
- increased in volume of international trade
- creation of complex just in time supply and manufacturing chains built around
geographically dispersed production of intermediary goods (parts of a product that
are assembled together somewhere else)
- rapid industrialization of China (shipped to china for final assembly reliable and
cheap labour)
- significant decline in price of consumer goods
BOOK SUGGESTIONS box boats, prime movers of globalization
REMEMBER Air cargo like land transportation was in the past, instead of focusing
on more valuable goods it can have highly perishable goods with high value (sushi,
flowers, )
- HIGHLY VALUABLE
- HIGHLY PERISHABLE
-> if not perishable container ships are sufficient
Communication systems moving of information
- for most of history
- transportation = communication (foot, horse, boat) people carried information
- but a few exceptions -> smoke signals, chappe semaphores
Bottom line
- transportation and communication cost have both decreased
4. The End of Geography
Historical
- now that people can live wherever they want we need to improve value and skill of
our workers
- but advances that make moving goods easier cities tend to grow (increased
concentrations of population in cities)
-> reason for modern growth of great towns new means of communications have
removed obstacles to the operation of attraction (cities are more attractive than
before)
Plants/livestock/diseases
- trade and disease rats
- trade between europe and asia (india) was common
- Americas were isolated from rest of work
- largest producers
- potatoe china
- in Americas they got all new foods but a lot of diseases as well

QUIZ Transport networks and diseases

1.- infectious disease pandemics
2.- vector invasions events
3.-vector-borne pathogen importation
1. infectious disease pandemics
- diseases that spread by themselves
- ex. Cholera, aids, sars
2. vector invasion events
Ex. Mosquitoes that can transmit malaria being transported
- imported malaria in the uk
airport malaria
Conclusion
- world is getting smaller
- everything moves around faster (good and bad)
- but cities are here to stay