ANIMAL HEALTH

JOURNAL ARTICLES

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

Afzal M., R. Muneer and G. Stein Jr., 1991. Studies on the etiology of Angara
disease (Hydropericardium syndrome) in broilers. Veterinary Record, 128(5):591593.
Afzal, M. 1980. Occurrence of fungi in sputum of patients with chronic respiratory
disorders. Indian Journal of Chest Diseases and Allied Sciences, 22(3):188-189.
Afzal, M. 1998. Biotechnology in Animal Health in Pakistan. Science Technology
and Development, 17(1):9-11.
Afzal, M. 1998. Infectious diseases of small ruminants prevalent in Pakistan. Journal
of Livestock Research, 8(1-4):1-7.
Afzal, M. 1999. Sustainable animal production in rural set-ups of Pakistan. Science
Technology and Development, 18(1):22-27.
Afzal, M. 2003. Capacity Building for Sustainable Agricultural Development in
Pakistan. Science Vision, 8(3-4):118-125.
Afzal, M. and A. Saeed, 1995. Distribution of enzymes between different organs of
the camel (Camelus dromedarius). Australian Veterinary Journal, 72(5):195.
Afzal, M. and A.D. Anjum, 1982. Serum protein changes in buffalo-calves after
colostrum feeding. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 2(4):182-183.
Afzal, M. and A.N. Naqvi, 2004. Livestock Genetic Resources of Pakistan, Science
Vision, 9(3-4):185-198.
Afzal, M. and C.V. Kimberling, 1986. How to control Brucella ovis-induced
epididymitis in rams. Veterinary Medicine, 81(4):364-370.
Afzal, M. and I. Ahmad, 1990. Efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against
Hydropericardium syndrome in broilers. Veterinary Record, 126:59-60.
Afzal, M. and M. Hussain. 2005. Respiratory disease problem in buffaloes at dairy
colonies of Karachi, Veterinary Record (in press).
Afzal, M. and M. Sakkir, 1994. Survey of antibodies against various infectious
disease agents in racing camels in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Revue
Scientifique et Technique de I' Office International des Epizooties, 13(3):787-792.
Afzal, M. and M.A. Raza, 1980. Septicaemic form of colibacillosis in a crossbred
cow calf. Journal of Animal Science, Pakistan, 2(1-2):41-42.
Afzal, M. and R. H. Usmani. 2005. Research and development needs of dairy sector
in Pakistan. Science Technology and Development, 24(1):34-37.
Afzal, M. and R. Muneer, 1990. Development of a combined vaccine for
Haemorrhagic septicaemia and Foot and Mouth Disease. Pakistan Veterinary
Journal, 10(2):67-69.
Afzal, M. and S. Zahid, 2004. Effects of addition of a mycotoxin detoxifier in
poultry feed containing different levels of aflatoxins on the performance of
broilers. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 17(7):990-994.
Afzal, M. and S.A. Hussain, 1993. Age susceptibility of different commercial
broiler strains to Angara disease (Hydropericardium syndrome). Pakistan Journal of
Agricultural Research, 14(4):387-392.

19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.

34.
35.
36.

Afzal, M., A.H. Cheema and K. Naeem, 2000. Pathogenicity of avian influenza
virus strain H7N3 in chicken. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 20(3):139-141.
Afzal, M., 1985. Ultrastructural changes in spermatozoa from rams with
epididymitis. Australian Veterinary Journal, 62(11):391-392.
Afzal, M., 1996. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease). Pakistan
Veterinary Journal. 16(3): 154-155.
Afzal, M., I.A. Khan and R. Salman, 1993. Symptoms and clinical pathology of
rabies in the camel. Veterinary Record, 133:220.
Afzal, M., M. A. Mirza and M. Jahangir, 2000. Immune response of buffaloes to
vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19. Revue Scientifique et Technique de I'
Office International des Epizooties, 19(3):325-329.
Afzal, M., M. D. Ahmad and M. Jahangir, 2001. Effect of Mareks disease
vaccination in day old broilers. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 21(3)/:157-160.
Afzal, M., M. Hussain, K. N. M. Khan and R. Munir, 1998. Effect of vitamin E
and selenium on immunity in newborn Jersey and buffalo calves. Asian
Australians Journal of Animal Sciences, 1(1):13-19.
Afzal, M., M. Q. Khan and M. Hussain, 1997. An outbreak of acute fasciolosis in
goats. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 17: 154-155.
Afzal, M., M. Sakkir and M.M. Hussain, 1996. Corynebacterium
pseudotuberculosis and lymphadenitis (Mala, Taloa) in the camel. Tropical Animal
Health & Production, 28(2):158-162.
Afzal, M., M.H. Javaid and A.D. Anjum, 1983. Calf mortality: Seasonal pattern, age
distribution and causes of mortality. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 3(1):30-33.
Afzal, M., R. Muneer and S. Akhtar, 1992. Serological evaluation of Pasteurella
multocida antigens associated with protection in buffalo calves. Revue Scientifique
et Technique de I' Office International des Epizooties, 11(3):917-923.
Afzal, M., R.A. Cheema and R.A. Chaudhry, 1979. Incidence of aflatoxins and
aflatoxin producing fungi in animal feedstuffs. Mycopathologia, 69(3):149-151.
Afzal, M., S.Z.H. Naqvi and R.A. Chaudhry, 1980. Studies on post-operative
wound infection: Isolation of micro-organisms and their antibiotic sensitivity.
Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 30(7):163-165.
Afzal, M., Z. U., F. Hussain and R.H. Siddiqui, 1977. A survey of blood groups.
Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 27(11):426-428.
Ahmad, I., M. Afzal, M.I. Malik, Z. Hussain and W. Hanif, 1989. Studies on the
disease pattern and etiology of Hydropericardium syndrome (Angara disease) in
broiler chicken in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(2):195199.
Ahmad, J. and M. Afzal, 1989. Enterotoxigenicity of Escherichia coli isolated from
cattle and buffalo calves. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 9(1):9-11.
Ahmad, T., R.A. Cheema, M. Afzal and R.A. Chaudhry, 1981. Bacteriological
studies on meat (mutton and beef) with particular reference to public health.
Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, 20(1-2):9-13.
Ahmed, I., A. Hameed and K. Naeem. 1999. Seroprevalence of bovine
herpesvirus-1 among cattle and buffaloes in Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary
Journal, 19(2):60-63.

37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.

Akhtar, N., R.A. Cheema, A.H. Gilani, M. Afzal and H. Afzal, 1981. Effect of
feeding ammoniated molasses and sugarcane pith on ruminal microflora of
buffaloes. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 1(3):103-105.
Akhtar, S. and M. A. Mirza, 1995. Rates of sero-conversion in the progeny of
Brucella abortus sero-positive and sero negative cattle and buffalo. Revue
scientifique et technique, Office International des Epizooties, 14(3):711-718.
Akhtar, S. and M. Asif, 1996. Epidemiologic association between antibody titrea
agaist bovine virus diarrhea virus, Rinderpest disease virus and infectious bovine
rhino tracheitis in a buffalo herd. Tropical Animal Health Production, 28:207-212.
Akhtar, S. and M. Q. Khan, 1995. An on-farm health monitoring of small
ruminants: design, data and disease frequencies. Scientific and Technical Review,
Office International des Epizooties, 14(3): 831-840.
Akhtar, S. and S. Zahid, 1995. Risk indicators for Newcastle disease outbreaks in
broiler flocks in Pakistan. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 22:61-69.
Akhtar, S., 1995. Lateral spread of the etiological agents of hydropericardium
syndrome in broiler chickens. Veterinary Record, 136:118-120.
Akhtar, S., M. Afzal, S. Ali and M.I. Khan, 1990. Effect of reactor retention on the
spread of brucellosis in Jersey cattle and buffalo herd. Revue Scientifique et
Technique de I' Office International des Epizooties, 9(4):1179-1185.
Akhtar, S., N. Djallem, G. Shad and O. Thieme, 1997. Blue tongue virus seropositivity in sheep flocks in North West Frontier Province Pakistan. Preventive
Veterinary Medicine, 29:293-298.
Akhtar, S., R. R. Howe, J. K. Jadoon and M. A. Naqvi, 1995. Prevalence of five
serotypes of Blue tongue virus in a Rambouillet sheep flocks in Pakistan.
Veterinary Record, 136: 495.
Ali, S., M. Afzal and A. Hameed, 1993. Transfer of maternal antibodies in buffalo
calves against Pasteurella multocida and Foot and mouth disease virus. Buffalo
Journal, 9(2):143-148.
Ali, S., M. Q. Khan, M. Qayyum and M. F. U. Khan, 2000. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats maintained at NARC, Islamabad. Pakistan
Veterinary Journal, 20:157-158.
Anjum, A.D. and M. Afzal, 1981. Hay-fever like syndrome in the buffalo. Pakistan
Veterinary Journal, 1(1):35.
Anjum, A.D., M. Afzal and G. Mohammad, 1981. Glossitis in a buffalo. Pakistan
Veterinary Journal, 1(4):171-172.
Anjum, M.I., A. G. Khan, A. Azim and M. Afzal. 2005. Effect of dietary
supplementation of multi-strain probiotic on broiler growth performance. Pakistan
Veterinary Journal, 25(1):25-29.
Anjum, R., M. Hussain, A. B. Zahoor, H. Ishad and U. Farooq, 2006.
Epidemiological analysis of foot and mouth disease in Pakistan. International
Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 8(5). (In press).
Ashraf, S., S. A. Malik and K. Naeem, 2000. Persistence and transmission pattern
of avian adenovirus-4 in broiler breeders. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences,
3(4):633-635
Asif, M. and S. Akhtar, 1997, Prevalence of Rinderpest disease antigen in
slaughtered buffaloes at Landi cattle colony Karachi. Buffalo Journal, 2:203-207.

54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.

70.

Ayaz, M. M. and M. Q. Khan, 2004. Hypodermosis in buffaloes in Pakistan.

Chinese Journal of Veterinary Parsitology, 12: 101-102.
Ayaz, M. M., M. Q. Khan and M. S. Mehr, 1999. Hypodermatosis in buffaloes.
Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 19(4): 213.
Azim, A., K.N.M. Khan, A.H. Cheema, F.A. Mir and M. Afzal, 1990. Occurrence of
aflatoxins in poultry liver and associated pathological changes. Pakistan Veterinary
Journal, 10(2):51-54.
Chaudhry, R.A., H. Afzal and M. Afzal, 1978. Incidence of ochratoxin A in
feedstuffs. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 15(3-4):35-38.
Chaudhry, R.A., H. Afzal and M. Afzal, 1981. Incidence of aflatoxins in cottonseed
cake and corn gluten feed at various storage conditions. Pakistan Veterinary Journal,
1(3):111-113.
Chaudhry, Z.H., M. Afzal and M.A. Mailk, 2004. Epidemiological factors affecting
prevalence of intestinal parasites in children of Muzaffarabad district. Pakistan
Journal of Zoology, 36(4): 267-271.
Cheema, A. H., and N. Ullah, 1998. Cardiac tamponade in Dhanni cow-a case
report. Pakistan Journal of Livestock Research, 8(1-4): 120-121.
Cheema, A. H., M. Q. Khan and M. A. Chishti, 1997. Prevalence and pathology of
amphistomosis in cattle and buffaloes. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 17:13-17.
Cheema, A. U., M. Q. Khan, M. Azeem and M. Ayaz, 2002. Effect of
supplemental feeding on performance of late pregnancy goats and pre-weaning
kids and profitability. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Research, 17(4): 390-394.
Cheema, A.H., J. Ahmad and M. Afzal, 1989. An adenovirus infection of poultry in
Pakistan. Revue Scientifique et Technique de I' Office International des Epizooties,
8(3):789-795.
Cheema, M.W.A., M. Afzal, M.A. Malik and Z. Iffat, 2003. Physico-chemical and
microbiological characteristics of drinking water from various sources in
Muzaffarabad city. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 25(3):237-241.
Cheema, R.A., M.R. Baig, M. Afzal and M. Ashfaque, 1979. Isolation and
characterization of bacteria associated with omphalitis in chicks. Journal of Animal
Science, Pakistan, 1(3-4):1-5.
Chishti, M.A., M. Afzal and A.H. Cheema, 1989. Preliminary studies on the
development of vaccine for Hydropericardium syndrome of poultry. Revue
Scientifique et Technique de I' Office International des Epizooties, 8(3):797-801.
Chishti, M.A., M. Afzal and R. Muneer, 1992. Effect of immunopotentiating agents
on subclinical mastitis in cattle and buffaloes. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal
Science, 5(4):733-736.
Farooq, U., M. Hussain, H. Irshad, N. Badar, R. Muneer and Q. Ali, 2006. Status
of haemorrhagic septicaemia based on epidemiology in Pakistan. Pakistan
Veterinary Journal, 26(3). (In press).
Ghaffar, M. Q. Khan, N. Ullah and D. Whitaker, 2005. Integrated approach for
improving small scale market oriented dairy systems in Pakistan: Participatory
rural appraisal and economic opportunity survey. Tropical Animal Health and
Production, (In press).
Hasan, S., S. M. H. Andrabi, R. Munir, M. Anzar and N. Ahmad, 2001. Effects of
a new antibiotic combination on post-thaw motion characteristics and membrane

71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.

integrity of buffalo and Sahiwal bull spermatozoa and on the bacteriological

quality of their semen. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 21(1): 6-12.
Hashmi, H.A., M. Afzal and R. Salman, 1994. Effect of natural infection of
gastrointestinal parasites on haematological and biochemical parameters in racing
camels. Pakistan Journal of Livestock Research, 4(1-2):1-6.
Hassan, N.U., M. Afzal, A. Hameed and R.A. Rauf, 1994. Immune response to
inactivated Hydropericardium syndrome vaccine in broilers. Pakistan Veterinary
Journal, 14(1)5-10.
Hussain, M. and K. Naeem, 1998. Investigations of a rinderpest outbreak in
buffaloes in Pakistan. Veterinary Record, 143:145.
Hussain, M., A. Malik, Z. Fatima and M. Yousaf, 2005. Participatory disease
surveillance: A powerful toll to collect disease intelligence. International Journal
of Agriculture and Biology, 7(4):567-570.
Hussain, M., M. Afzal, R. Munir, M. Ashfaque and E. U. Haq, 1998. An outbreak
of peste des petitis ruminants in goats in Rawalpindi. Pakistan Veterinary Journal,
18(4):224-226.
Hussain, M., M. Iqbal, W. P. Taylor and P. L. Roeder, 2001. Pen-side test for
diagnosis of Rinderpest in Pakistan. Veterinary Record, 149:300-302.
Hussain, M., R. Muneer and M. Afzal, 1988. Carrier status of Pasteurellae in cattle
and buffaloes. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(3):429-430.
Hussain, M., R. Munir, M. Jahangir, D. Khawaja, M. Zulfiqar and A. Hussain.
2003. Chromatographic strip: a pen-side test for the diagnosis of peste des petits
ruminants in sheep and goats. Pakistan Journal of Biological Research, 3(1):1-7.
Hussain, M., R.M. Nagra, M. Afzal and K. Naeem, 1982-83. Role of different
pathogenic serotypes of Escherichia coli and Salmonellae in calf scours and their
antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Journal of Animal Health & Production, 4:96-110.
Ismail, K., R.A. Cheema, M. Afzal and M. Ajmal, 1984. Significance of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovine in human pulmonary cases. Pakistan
Veterinary Journal, 4(1):14-16.
Jamal, S.M., M. Afzal and Safia Ahmed, 2003. The immune response of guinea pigs
and buffalo calves to the locally prepared Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine. Revue
Scientifique et Technique de I' Office International des Epizooties, 22(3):893-897.
Kamal, T., K. Naeem, P. Dass and A. Rahim, 2002. Standardization of enzyme
linked immunosorbant assay for determination of serological response of chickens
to hydropericardium syndrome vaccine. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 22(2):82-86.
Khan, K.N.M., S.S.A. Shah and M. Afzal, 1988. Observations on Gumboro disease
(infectious bursal disease) in Pakistan. Revue Scientifique et Technique de I' Office
International des Epizooties, 7(3):625-629.
Khan, M. Q., 2004. Cattle hypodermosis in Pakistan. Chinese Journal of
Veterinary Parasitology, 12:31-37.
Khan, M. Q., A. H. Cheema and M. Anwar, 1996. Coenurus cerebralis in a goat.
Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 16:146-148.
Khan, M. Q., A. H. Cheema and M. Munir, 1997. Prevalence and treatment of
goat warbles at Taunsa and Barkhan areas. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 17: 82-84.
Khan, M. Q., A. Zahoor, M. Jahangir and M. A. Mirza, 2004. Prevalence of blood
parasites in cattle and buffaloes. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 24(4):193-195.

88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.

95.

96.

97.

98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.

Khan, M. Q., H. Irshad, R. Anjum, M. Jahangir and U. Nasir, 2006. Eimeriosis in

Poultry of Rawalpindi/Islamabad Area. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, (In Press).
Khan, M.Q. and M. Afzal, 1997. Efficacy of ivermectin against cattle warbles in
Pakistan. Acta Parasitologica, 42(3): 173-175.
Khan, M.Q., M. Afzal and N.K. Lakhana. 1999. Hydatidosis in man. Pakistan
Veterinary Journal, 19(1):47.
Khan, M.Q., M. Afzal and S. Ali, 1990. Prevalence and serology of hydatidosis in
large ruminants of Pakistan. Veterinary Parasitology, 37:163-168.
Khan, M.Z., M. Afzal and M.Z. Khan, 1981. Fungal invasion of proventriculus in
poultry. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 1(4):180.
Khan, W., R.A. Cheema, M. Afzal and M. Ashfaque, 1979. Studies on mass
vaccination against Newcastle disease with Mukteswar strain vaccine. Journal of
Animal Science, Pakistan, 1(1-2):1-8.
Khawaja, J. Z., K. Naeem, Z. Ahmed, and S. Ahmad. 2005. Surveillance of avian
influenza viruses in wild birds in areas adjacent to epicenter of an outbreak in
federal capital territory of Pakistan. International Journal of Poultry Science
4(1):39-43.
Manzoor, H., R. Muneer, M. Jahangir, A. H. Awan, M. A. Khokar, A.B. Zahur, M.
Zulfiqar and A. Hussain, 2003. Chromatographic strip Technology: A pen-side test
for the rapid diagnosis of Peste des petitis ruminants in sheep and goats. Online
Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(1): 1-7.
Meas, S., J. Seto, C. Sugimoto, M. Bakhsh, M. Riaz, T. Sato, K. Naeem, K.
Ohashi, and M. Onuma, 2000. Infection of bovine immunodeficiency virus and
bovine leukemia virus in water buffalo and cattle populations in Pakistan. Journal
of Veterinary Medical Sciences, 62(3):329-331.
Muneer, M. A., A. M. Bahram, Z. Munir, I. Hussain, K. Muhammed, M. Rabbani,
M. Aleem, B. Sultan, M. A. Tariq, and K. Naeem, 2001. Isolation and
characterization of Avian Influenza (H9H2) virus from an outbreak at poultry
farms in Karachi. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 21(2):87-91.
Muneer, M. A., K. M. Chaudhary and K. Naeem, 2000. Losses due to infectious
bronchitis virus infection in laying and breeding hens, Pakistan Veterinary
Journal, 20(2):64-70.
Muneer, M.A. and K. Naeem, 1999. Seroprevalence of various serotypes of
infectious bronchitis virus of poultry. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 19(4):168-172.
Muneer, R., and M. Afzal, 1989. Preliminary studies on improved oil-adjuvant
vaccine for Haemorrhagic septicaemia in buffalo-calves. Revue Scientifique et
Technique de I' Office International des Epizooties, 8(4):999-1004.
Muneer, R., M. Hussain and A. B. Zahoor, 2005. Efficacy of oil-based
haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine: A Field Trial. International Journal of
Agriculture and Biology, Pakistan, 7(4):571-573.
Muneer, R., S. Akhtar and M. Afzal, 1994. Evaluation of three oil-adjuvants
vaccines against Pasteurella multocida in buffalo-calves. Revue Scientifique et
Technique de I' Office International des Epizooties, 13(3):837-843.
Munir, R., U. Farooq, N. Badar, A. Khanum and A. Wadood, 2006. Restriction
endonuclease analysis of Pasteurella multocida field isolates using restriction
enzyme Hha-I. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 26(2). (In press).

104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.

Naeem, K. and N. Siddique, 2005. Use of strategic vaccination for the control of
avian influenza in Pakistan. Development Biology, 124:145-150.
Naeem, K., 1998. Field outbreak of egg drop syndrome in breeder flocks in
Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Livestock Research 8(1-4): 27-30
Naeem, K., A. Malik and A. Ullah, 2003. Seroprevalence of ornithobacterium
rhinotracheale in chickens in Pakistan. Veterinary Record, 153:533-534
Naeem, K., A. Raheem, and I. U. Majeed, 2001. Post-infection dissemination
pattern of avian adenovirus against hydropericardium syndrome. Pakistan
Veterinary Journal, 21(3):152-156.
Naeem, K., A. Ullah, R. J. Manvell and D. J. Alexander, 1999. Isolation of Avian
influenza A subtype H9N2 in poultry in Pakistan. Veterinary Record, 145:560.
Naeem, K., and M. Hussain, 1995. An outbreak of avian influenza in poultry in
Pakistan. Veterinary Record, 137: 439
Naeem, K., M. Naurin, S. Rashid and S. Bano, 2003. Sero-prevalence of avian
influenza virus and its relationship with high mortality and dropped egg
production. Avian Pathology, 32:283-287.
Naeem, K., M. Rabbani, M. Hussain, and A. H. Cheema, 1995. Development of
cell culture vaccine against hydropericardium syndrome in poultry. Pakistan
Veterinary Journal, 15(3):150-151.
Naeem, K., N. Siddique, M. Ayaz and M. A. Jalali, 2006. Update of avian
influenza in Pakistan. Avian Diseases. (In press).
Rabbani, M., M. A. Muneer and K. Naeem, 1998. Development of heterotypic
vaccine against angara disease associated avian adenovirus. Pakistan Journal of
Livestock Research, 8(1-4):104-112.
Ratyal, A.H., M. Afzal, and A. Hameed, 1992. Isolation and characterization of
buffalo immunoglobulin G. Buffalo Journal, 8(1):65-68.
Rossiter, P. B., M. Hussain, R. H. Raja, W. Moughal, Z. Khan and D. W.
Broadbent, 1998. Cattle plague in Shangri-La: Observation on a severe outbreak
of Rinderpest in Pakistan 1994-1995. Veterinary Record, 143:39-42.
Saeed, A. and M. Afzal, 1995. A study of haematological and serum constituents of
camel calves during first 7 months of age. Indian Journal of Animal Science,
65(3):297-301.
Saeed, A., M. Afzal and S. Akhtar, 1995. Effect of storage on some constituents of
camel serum. Australian Veterinary Journal, 72(6):212-215.
Siddique, N., K. Naeem, S. A. Malik, 2005. Differential diagnosis of avain
influenza virus using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Avian Pathology, (In press).
Sultana, J., M. Hussain, S. A. Malik, and K. Naeem, 1999. Use of Dot-ELISA for
the diagnosis of infectious bursal disease in chickens. Pakistan Veterinary
Journal, 19(3):158-160.
Tahir, M. T., R. Ahmad, I. Hussain and M. Hussain, 1998. Counter immuno
electrophoresis-a rapid technique for the diagnosis of pest des petitis ruminants.
Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 18(1): 55-56.
Taylor, W. P., I. D. Gumm and M. Hussain, 2001. Serological evidence for the
distribution of Akabane virus. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(2):171172.

PROCEEDINGS

1.

2.

3.
4.

5.
6.
7.
8.

9.
10.

11.
12.

Afzal, M. 1999. Animal resources, production systems and research priorities for
livestock-Pakistan Country Paper. In: Thomson E.F., R. von Kaufmann, H. Li Pun,
T. Treacher and H. van Houten (eds). Global Agenda for Livestock Research. In:
Proceedings of a Consultation on Livestock Research Priorities in West Asia and
North Africa Region, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
pp: 120-126.
Afzal, M. 2001. Livestock Genetic Resources of Pakistan. In: Proceedings of the
Planning Workshop on Sustainable Management of Animal Genetic Resources for
Improving Human Livelihood in Asia. Organized by International Livestock
Research Institute, at IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines. On CD-R, ILRI, Kenya.
Afzal, M. 2001. Rinderpest eradication in Pakistan: The current scenario. In:
Proceedings of 25th APHCA Session held at Manila, Philippines. On CD-R,
Department of Animal Husbandry, Philipines.
Afzal, M. 2002. Animal genetic resources of Pakistan. In: Proceedings of D-8
Countries Seminar on Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources at Islamabad. On
CD-R, Animal Husbandry Commissioner, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and
Livestock, Government of Pakistan.
Afzal, M. 2003. Capacity building for sustainable agricultural development. On CDR entitled Initial Meeting on S & T Capacity Building for Sustainable Development
issued by COMSATS, Islamabad.
Afzal, M. 2003. Governance in PARC and NARC. On CD R of International
Workshop Presentations on Building PerformanceBased Management Systems in
Asian NARS (PBMS) held at Hanoi, ISNAR, Hague.
Afzal, M. 2003. Key Note Address Goat Production in SAARC Countries. In:
Proceedings of Goat Production in SAARC Countries (Editors: Afzal, M., and R.H.
Usmani), Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad. pp:2-3.
Afzal, M. 2003. Livestock Production A Tool for Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan.
In: Proceeding of Poverty Alleviation Through Sustainable Agriculture Development
(Editors: Farhatullah and Faran Ullah) NWFP Agriculture University, Peshawar,
pp:59-67.
Afzal, M. 2003. Performance evaluation of Agricultural Scientists. In: Proceeding of
on CD R of International Workshop Presentations on Building PerformanceBased
Management Systems in Asian NARS (PBMS) held at Hanoi, ISNAR, Hague.
Afzal, M. and J.I. Khan. 2005. Animal Health situation in Pakistan. In: Proceeding
of 24th Conference of the OIE (World Animal Health Organization) Regional
Commission for Asia, the Far East and Oceania at Seoul, South Korea from 15-18
November, 2005. On CD-ROM.
Afzal, M. and M. Akram, 2005. Avian influenza in Pakistan. In: Proceeding of 2nd
FAO/OIE Regional Meeting on Avian Influenza Control in Asia held on 23 rd 25th
February, 2005 at Ho Chi Min City Vietnam. On CD-ROM.
Afzal, M. and R. Muneer, 1988. Research on Haemorrhagic Septicaemia in
Pakistan. In: Proceeding of Livestock Diseases in SAARC Countries (Afzal, M.,
A.H. Cheema and A.S. Akhtar). Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad.
pp:66-75.

13.
14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.
21.

22.

23.

Afzal, M. and R.H. Raja. 2004. Avian Influenza in Pakistan. In: Proceeding of on
CD-R of OIE/FAO Emergency Regional Meeting on Avian Influenza Control in
Animals in Asia held in Bangkok from 26-28 February, 2004.
Afzal, M. and R.H. Usmani. 2002. Research and development needs of dairy sector
in Pakistan. In: Proceedings of National Conference on Factors limiting Dairy
Production in Pakistan, Pakistan Society for Animal Reproduction, Lahore, pp:110115.
Afzal, M., 1997. Pakistan country report. Global agenda for livestock research. In:
Proceedings of a consultation on setting livestock research priorities in West Asia
and North Africa (WANA), 12-16 November, 1997. International centre for
agricultural research in Dry areas, Aleppo, Syria. Pp. 120-126.
Afzal, M., R. Muneer, G. Stein Jr. and B.S. Cowan, 1990. Etiology and control of
Hydropericardium syndrome (Angara disease) in broilers of Pakistan. In:
Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress, Pakistan Veterinary Medical
Association, Islamabad, pp: 218-228.
Akhlaq, R. M., M. Q. Khan and A. H. Rizvi, 1995. Livestock Development in
Pakistan - Country report In: Proceedings of a seminar at 95 training course on
Livestock Production, National Livestock Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of
Korea, Pp. 65-77.
Akhtar, S. and M. Afzal, 1995. Sindrome de Hidropericardio en Pollos de Engorda
en Pakistan: Etiologia, Diagnostico y Control. In: Proceedings of "XX Convencion
of Asociacion Nacional de Especialistas en Ciencias Avicolas (ANECA) de Mexico,
May 3-7, 1995, Acapulco Guerrero, Mexico, pp:405-415.
Akhtar, S. and M. Q. Khan, 1996. An on-farm health monitoring of small
ruminants: design, data and disease frequencies. In: Proceedings of a Regional
workshop on Small ruminants research and development in Bangladesh, Nepal
and Pakistan (Ahmed, W., M. Nawaz and T. Aziz) National Agricultural Research
Centre, Islamabad, Nov., 01-3, 1994, Pp. 52-56.
Bashir, U., K. Naeem, S. Ahmed, 2003. Influenza infection caused by Avian
Influenza virus H9N2 in humans. In: Proceedings of 2nd Orthomyxoviruses
Research Conference, New Jersy, USA, 21-24th August, 2003
Cheema, A. U., M. Azeem, M. Q. Khan, M. Ayaz and M. S. Butt, 1996. Influence
of frequency of supplemental feeding on performance of ewes and their lambs and
profitability. In: Proceedings of a Regional workshop on Small ruminants
research and development in Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan (Ahmed, W., M.
Nawaz and T. Aziz) National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Nov., 013, 1994, Pp. 28-32.
Ghaffar, A., M. Anwar and M. Q. Khan, 1996. Socio-economic importance,
production system, research and development of small ruminants in Pakistan. In:
proce3eding of workshop Sustainable Parasite Control in Small Ruminants (Le
Jambre, L.F. and M.R. Knox). In: Proceedings of workshop, Australian Center for
international agriculture research 22-25 April, Bogor, Indonesia, 74 Pp. 21-26.
Hasan, S., S. M. H. Andrabi, R. Munir, M. Jehangir, P. Shafique, M. Anzar and N.
Ahmad, 2000. Effect of a new antibiotic combination on post-thaw semen quality
of buffalo and Sahiwal bulls. In: Proceeding of 33rd Annual Meeting Society for

24.

25.

26.
27.

28.

29.

30.
31.
32.
33.
34.

the study of Reproduction, University of Wisconsin, Biology of Reproduction,

July 15-18, 2000. Volume 62, Supplement 1.
Irfan M., M. Afzal, S. Shagufta and S. Begum, 1979. Fungal infested rice straw as a
cause of Deg Nala disease in cattle and buffaloes. In: Proceedings of Second
National Seminar on Rice Research and Production. Pakistan Agricultural Research
Council Islamabad, P:443-446.
Kayum, A., M. Afzal and R. Salman, 1992. Gastrointestinal parasites in racing
camels in racing camels: prevalence and evaluation of different methods of faecal
examination. Proceedings of First International Camel Conference, Edited by W.R.
Allen, A.J. Higgins, I.G. Mayhew, D.H. Snow and J.F. Wade, R & W Publications
Ltd, Newmarket. Pp:85-87.
Khan, M. Q. and H. Irshad, 2006. Ticks of Food Animals in Pakistan. In:
proceedings of workshop on characterization of Asian ticks (ICTTD-3), 22-28
April, 2006, Pendik Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Istanbul, Turkey.
Khan, M. Q., A. Ghaffar, M. Anwar and M. A. Khan, 1996. Importance of
parasites as a constraint on small ruminants production in Pakistan. Sustainable
Parasite Control in Small Ruminants (Le Jambre, L. F. and M. R. Knox). In:
Proceedings of a workshop, Bogor, Indonesia, 22-25 April, Australian Center for
international agriculture research, 74 Pp. 113-118.
Khan, M. Q., S. Akhtar and A. U. Cheema, 1996. Effect of disease preventive
measures on the productivity of small ruminants. In: Proceedings of a Regional
workshop on Small ruminants research and development in Bangladesh, Nepal
and Pakistan (Ahmed, W., M. Nawaz and T. Aziz) National Agricultural Research
Centre, Islamabad, Nov., 01-3, 1994, Pp. 57-60.
Muneer, R., U. Farooq and A. Khanum, 2005. DNA Fingerprinting of Pasteurella
multocida field isolates using restriction enzyme Hha-I. In: Proceedings of 18th
Federation of Asian and Oceanian Biochemists and Molecular biologists
(FAOBMB) Symposium. Genomics Proteomics Health and Agriculture. Lahore.
Pp. 137-138.
Naeem, K. and S. Baqi. 2004. A Strategy to use effective vaccine against Avian
Influenza. In: Proceedings of 12th WPSA Conference, Istanbul, Turkey. 7-13
June, 2004.
Naeem, K., 2002. Emerging of avian influenza and hydropericardium in Southeast
Asia. In: Proceedings of 74th North-Eastern Conference on Avian Diseases
(NECAD), Mystic, Connecticut, USA, June 4-6, 2002.
Naeem, K., 2003. Emerging diseases of poultry and their control measures in
Pakistan. In: Proceedings of 2nd World Poultry Science Association Symposium
of Bangladesh Branch, Dacca, February 26-28, 2003.
Naeem, K., 2005. Strategy to combat High Path Avian Influenza in poultry in
Pakistan. In: Proceedings of OIE/FAO International Conference on Avian
Influenza Paris (France), 7-8 April, 2005.
Naeem, K., and A. Ullah, 2002. Status of Avian Influenza and its control in
Pakistan. In: Proceedings of 2nd World Poultry Science Association Symposium
of Iran Branch, Tehran, October 12-14, 2002.

35.
36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

Naeem, K., S. Bano and S. A. Malik, 2001. Control and eradication strategy of
avian influenza viruses. In: Proceeding of SARC-Poultry Conference, Pune, India,
24-26th September, 2001.
Naeem, K., S. Bano and S. A. Malik, 2002. Evaluation of pathogenic potential of
avian influenza virus serotype H9N2 in Chickens. In Proceedings of 5th
International symposium on Avian Influenza, Athens, Georgia (USA), April 1417, 2002.
Rabbani, M, M. A. Muneer, K. Naeem, 1998.
Characterization of Avian
Adenovirus associated with hydropericardium syndrome. In: Proceeding of 2nd
Pan Common Wealth Veterinary Conference, Benglore, India, 22-27 February,
1998. PP. 1332-38.
Rabbani, M., and K. Naeem, 1996. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of avian
adenovirus isolates from outbreaks of hydropericardium syndrome. In:
Proceedings of International Symposium on adenovirus and reovirus infections in
poultry. Rauischolzhausen, Germany, 24-27 June, 1996.
Rabbani, M., M. A. Muneer and K. Naeem, 1996. An Adenovirus outbreak in
broiler chicks. In: Proceedings of National Conference on Veterinary Medicine by
the Commonwealth Veterinary Association, December, 11-12, 1996, Lahore,
Pakistan.
Rabbani, M., M. A. Muneer, K. Naeem and H. A. Hashmi. 1998. Purification of
an Avian Adenovirus PARC-1 isolate causing Angara Disease (HPS) in chickens
of Pakistan. In: Proceedings of International Seminar on Microbial Diseases of
Livestock and Poultry held on March 21, 1998, at College of Veterinary Sciences,
Lahore, Pakistan.
Rabbani, M., M. A. Muneer, K. Naeem, 1998. A dot immobinding assay on
nitrocellulose for the detection of antigens and antibodies of avian adenovirus
PARC-1isolate. In: proceedings of 2nd Pan Common Wealth. Veterinary
Conference. Benglore, India 22-27 Feb, 1998. Pp. 1325-1331.
Usmani, R.H. and M. Afzal. 2004. Poverty alleviation in rural areas of Pakistan
through increased milk and meat production. Proceedings of National Conference
on Role of Agriculture in Poverty Alleviation organized on April 21-23, 2004
by Agricultural Foundation of Pakistan, Islamabad. Pp:120-127.
Zahoor, A. B., H. Irshad, M. Hussain, R. Anjum and M. Q. Khan, 2006.
Transboundary animal diseases of Pakistan. In: Proceedings of Income Project
meeting on Impact of Endemic and Epidemic Diseases on National, Regional
and International Trade, February 22-25, 2006 Pendik Veterinary Control &
Research Institute, Istanbul, Turkey.

EXTENSION ARTICLE

1.
2.
3.
4.

Afzal, M. 1996. Protecting calves from diseases (urdu bulletin). Animal Health
Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad.
Afzal, M. 2000. Infectious diseases of livestock Jadeed Zarat. 18(9):33-38.
Afzal, M. 2000. Health management of livestock. Jadeed Zarat. 18(7): 37-38.
Afzal, M. 2003. Improvement of National Agricultural Research System in Pakistan,
The Daily New, February 24, p.19.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.

Afzal, M. 2003. Livestock Its role in poverty alleviation. Farming Outlook, 2(3):68.
Afzal, M. and M. Hussain. 1999. Important livestock diseases and their control. TV
Programme (Part I and II) for Intermediate level course on Diary Farming. Allama
Iqbal Open University, Islamabad.
Afzal, M. and M. A. Chishti, 1988. Control mastitis in your dairy animals.
Progressive Farming, 8(1):37-39.
Afzal, M. and R. A. Cheema, 1979. Black leg in animals. Zari Digest (Livestock
Number), Pp. 192-194.
Afzal, M. and S.I. Shah, 1981. Aflatoxin problem in Pakistan. Progressive Farming,
1(5):16-18.
Afzal, M. and Zia-ur-Rehman, 1976. Spirochaetosis in poultry. Zari Digest, 10(1112):51-54.
Afzal, M., 1989. Steps to improve livestock vaccination. Agro Veterinary News.
1(3):11-12.
Afzal, M., 1990. Vaccinating broiler chicken against Angara disease
(Hydropericardium syndrome). Pakistan Poultry. 11(9):11-15.
Afzal, M., 1991. Control and eradication of brucellosis in Pakistan. Progressive
Farming, 11(1):85-90..
Afzal, M., 1996. Mad Cow Disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy). Farm
Scientist. VI (2):7-8.
Afzal, M., 1999. Health and care of livestock (Urdu article). Fun-e-Zarat, 5:1-4.
Akhtar, S. and M. Afzal, 1982. Spread and control of infectious diseases in
livestock. Progressive Farming, 2(3):16-19.
Ali, S. and M. Afzal, 1991. Raising healthy livestock. Progressive Farming,
11(1):100-103.
Chaudhry, R.A. and M. Afzal, 1977. Babesiasis in cattle.Zarat Nama, 16(23):25-26.
Chaudhry, R.A. and M. Afzal, 1979. Johne's disease. Zari Digest (Livestock
Number), p:171-173.
Chaudhry, R.A. and M. Afzal, 1982. Degnala disease in cattle and buffaloes.
Progressive Farming, 2(4):30-31.
Cheema, A.H. and M. Afzal, 1988. Hydropericardium disease in broiler poultry.
Devastating disease in broiler poultry un-nerves farmers. Pakistan Agriculture,
X(9):21-22.
Cheema, R.A. and M. Afzal, 1978. Aflatoxicosis in poultry. PIA Shaver Seminar,
Lahore. p:1-4.
Cheema, R.A. and M. Afzal, 1979. Coccidiosis in poultry. Poultry Link, p:13-15.
Cheema, R.A., F.A. Mir, I. Hussain and M. Afzal, 1979. White scours in calves.
Zari Digest (Livestock Number), p:132-135.
Cheema, R.A., M. Afzal and F.A. Mir, 1979. Chronic Respiratory Disease. Poultry
Link, p:15-17.
Cheema, R.A., M. Hussain, M. Afzal and M.Z. Siddiqui, 1979. Haemorrhagic
septicaemia in cattle and buffaloes. Zari Digest (Livestock Number), p:180-185.
Cheema, R.A., S. Akhtar and M. Afzal, 1979. Transmission of infectious diseases.
Zari Digest (Livestock Number), P:153-156.

28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.

Cheema, R.A., S. Akhtar, M. Afzal and Z. Siddiqui, 1979. Pullorum in poultry.

Poultry Link, p:7-12.
Hussain M. and M. Afzal, 1998. Peste des Petitis Ruminants in Sheep and Goats:
The Disease and its control (Urdu brochure). Animal Sciences Institute, National
Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. p: 1-8.
Hussain, M., 2003. Control/ Eradication of Trans-boundary animal disease in
Pakistan. Support for emergency perversion and control of main Trans-boundary
animal diseases in Pakistan (Rinderpest, FMD PPR).
Hussain, M., A. B. Zahoor and H. Irshad, 2005. Trans-boundary Animal Diseases
and their control in Pakistan (Urdu). Food and Agricultural Organization. Pp. 1-8.
Khan, M. Q., 1999. Mehroo ke Makhhi (Urdu Brochure). Dte. Publication,
National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad.
Khan, M.Q., 2000 Mehroo ki Makhhi (Urdu Article). The Daily Jang, May 29,
2000.
Mir, F.A. and M. Afzal, 1982. Animal vaccines and vaccination. Progressive
Farming, 2(3):23-26.
Muneer, R., 1997. Control of haemorrhagic septicaemia in animals. National
Agricultural Research Centre. Pp. 1-4.
Naeem, K. 1995. An update on avian influenza outbreak in Northern region of
Pakistan. Vety-care News Letter, 5:8.
Naeem, K. and H. S. Akram, 1995. Flock and hatchery monitoring. Pakistan
Poultry Association Annual Brochure, 1995, 009-11.
Naeem, K., 1998. Abuses of antibiotics in poultry and their impact on the health
of birds and human beings. VC News letter, 5(2):8-9.
Naeem, K., 1998. An update on Angara Disease in Poultry (HydropericardiumHepatitis Syndrome), Tehchnical Bulletin, American Soyabean Association Asia
Subcontinent, New Delhi, India, PK 8767/9/98.
Naeem, K., 1998. Bovine mastitis and its control. Livestock Exclusive, 2(2):4
Naeem, K., 1998. Early calf mortality and its control (Urdu). Livestock Exclusive,
2(1): 4.
Naeem, K., 1998. Feed management of day-old chicks. (Urdu), VC-News Letter,
5(2):7.
Naeem, K., 1998. Haemorrhagic septicemia and its control in cattle. Livestock
Exclusive, 1(4):4.
Naeem, K., 1999. Avian Infectious bronchitis and its control. Vety care News
Letter, 8(4):6.
Naeem, K., 1999. Avian Influenza and its control (Urdu). Vety care News Letter,
8(1):8.
Naeem, K., 1999. Infection and Immunity (Urdu). Livestock Exclusive, 2(1):4.
Naeem, K., 1999. Rabies: A zoonotic disease (Urdu). Vety care News Letter,
8(4):8.
Naeem, K., 2000. Respiratory infections in poultry (Urdu). Vety care News Letter,
9(1):8.
Naeem, K., 2001. Early Chick mortality and prophylactic measures for its control.
Vety care News Letter, 10(3):8.

50.
51.
52.
53.
54.

Naeem, K., 2001. Infectious bronchitis virus variants and their significance. VCNews Letter, 10(2):6.
Naeem, K., 2002. Control of respiratory diseases in poultry. News Letter, 11(2):6
Nagra, R.M., M. Afzal and K.N.M. Khan, 1987. Calf mortality and its control.
Progressive Farming, 7(4-5):73-75.
Usmani, R.H. and M. Afzal, 2003. Pakistan Livestock Data 2002. Pakistan
Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad.
Zia-ur-Rehman, M. Afzal and K. Ijaz, 1977. Strangles in horses. Zarat Nama,
16(11):28-29.

BOOKS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Afzal, M. and A.H. Gilani, 1978. Laboratory Manual for Physiological Chemistry,
University of Agriculture Faisalabad Press, Pakistan.
Afzal, M. and R.H. Usmani (Editors), 2003. Goat Production in SAARC Countries.
Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad. pp:1-164.
Afzal, M., A.H. Cheema and A.S. Akhtar (Editors), 1988. Livestock Diseases in
SAARC Countries. Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad. pp:1-98.
Afzal, M., W. Ahmed, A.S. Akhtar and I.H. Athar (Editors), 1989. Dairy Technology
in Pakistan, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad. pp: 1-125.
Irfan, M., M. Nawaz and M. Afzal, 1981. Postgraduate
Researches
in
Veterinary Sciences in Pakistan, Luna Printing Press Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Rabbani, A., M. A. Muneer and K. Naeem, 2000. Techniques in Virology (1 st
edition). Ferozan Publishing Company, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan.

BOOKS CHAPTERS

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.

Afzal, M. and R. Munir, 2002. In-Process Quality Control. A Chapter in Food

Microbiology, the Textbook for Bachelor of Science Degree, Allama Iqbal Open
University, Islamabad, pp:199-231.
Afzal, M., S.A.H. Gilani, Anwar Khokhar and M. Hussain. 2002 Solutions, Reagents
and some useful Definitions used in Microbiological Work. A Chapter in A
Laboratory Manual for Diagnosis of Animal Diseases by Manzoor Hussain, Support
for Emergency Prevention and Control of Main Transboundry Animal Diseases in
Pakistan (Rinderpest, PPR, FMD), FAO (Pakistan Office), Islamabad.
Manzoor, N., and R. Muneer, 2002. In: Food micro-flora. A chapter in Food
Microbiology, the text book of Bachelor of Science degree, Allama Iqbal Open
University, Islamabad. Pp. 66-95.
Muneer, R. and M. Hussain, 2002. In: Diagnosis and control of haemorrhacic
septicaemia. A chapter in Laboratory Manual for Diagnosis of Animal Diseases. Pp
73-79 (GCP/Pak/088-EC).
Rauf, U., A. Khokhar and M. Q. Khan, 2002. In: Identification of important
ectoparasites, endoparasites and haemoparasites. A chapter in Laboratory Manual for
Diagnosis of Animal Diseases. Pp 93-98 (GCP/Pak/088-EC).
Shah, M. A. and A. B. Zahoor, 2002. In: Diagnosis of brucellosis. A chapter in
Laboratory Manual for Diagnosis of Animal Diseases. Pp 81-85. (GCP/Pak/088EC).