Saint Paul University Philippines

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan Valley 3500

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING:

Major in Adult Health

THE PROPOSAL ACTIVITIES OF HEALTH EDUCATION FOR TEENAGERS

and ADOLESCENT PARENTS WITH THEME
"HEALTHY AND SMART TEENAGERS"

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the course

ADVANCED ADULT HEALTH NURSING 1

Presented to:
MRS MELANIE R. ADOLFO, RN, MAN

Presented by:
MYRA C. BULUSAN, RN
JUVYLEE D. TUMACDER, RN
NS. EIRENE EUNIKE M. GAGHAUNA
NS. RIFAATUL MAHMUDAH
(3rd Trimester 2015-2016)
Tuguegarao
A. Background/Situational Analysis

The age of adolescence is the stage of very interesting age to consider. On this age,
many physical and psychological changes as a result of hormonal influences occur and need
to be monitored. These changes are shown from the development of sexual organs towards
the maturation of function organ and the growth of secondary genitalia. This exposes teens
close to the problems surrounding sexual deviant activities such as free sex behavior,
including criminal abortion, drugs as well as the development of sexually transmitted
diseases (STDS) and early pregnancy. There is an impression on teenagers, that sex is
something fun, the peak flavor of love, blissful paced so it does not need to be feared and
must be tested.
According to the results of the 2013 National Demographic and Health Survey
released by National Statistics Office (NSO) Philippines, out of 10 Filipino women aged 15
to 19 one of them is already a mother or is pregnant with her first child. This is very alarming
situation. In our institution alone, we already handled cases of teenage pregnant mothers as
young as 13 years old and there are even cases of multiparity (e.g. mother of 5 children at age
of 19) among adolescent women.
Pregnancies at this early age have an increased physical, social, emotional and
financial cost. Possible consequences

of adolescent pregnancy may include early

miscarriages, induced abortions, undesired motherhood, adoption, unhealthy newborn and

children, emotional and financial problems or worse lead to depression and suicide.
Women at younger extreme of reproductive age who are pregnant carries elevated risk
of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Many studies found out that teen-age mothers are at risk of
pre-term deliveries and low birth weight. They are also at increased developing postpartum
complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal sepsis and anemia. Possible
contributory factors to these conditions consist of low socioeconomic status, inadequate
prenatal care and insufficient nutrition during pregnancy.

Lack knowledge and education of parents against juvenile condition causing teenagers
often fall on the lack social activities. Plus the teenage awkwardness and unwillingness to ask
the right people to strengthen the reasons why teens often behave inappropriately towards the
reproductive organs, in addition to other factors that relate to the problem above is a
knowledge and attitudes towards adolescent reproductive health, pregnancy and family
planning. (www.geocities.con/ejurnal/files)
Teen pregnancy is a multifaceted problem closely connected to economic, education,
social, cultural, and political factors. Several researches indicated that teenage pregnancy
resulted from unprotected sexual intercourse at an early age. For many young people, the
issues related to early pregnancy and childbearing include much broader social, economic,
cultural, and psychological factors, including poverty, school failure, and sexual abuse.
More intensive analysis of these issues will make us realize that teen age pregnancy
does not only carry health-related risks but also non-health risks specific to the stage in the
life of every adolescent. In a third class municipality like our place Lasam, young adult
pregnancy will further increase social and economic burden leading to a decreased economic
stability.
Evidently, the effect of these pregnancies has a lot of lasting repercussions. For this
reason this issue should be dealt with and given enough attention by different people from
various government sectors. The increased risks to both mother and child of too early
childbearing, as well as its socioeconomic effect, undermine efforts to pregnancy prevention
programs in any country.
Nurses as front line health care providers are in the ideal situation to assume the role
of leaders in fighting teenage pregnancy. Regardless of the affiliation of nurses be it in public
or private hospitals, rural health units or schools their position in the community allows them
to investigate and know the needs of these adolescents. It is our job then to design programs
and educational strategies along with other government sectors in order to prevent inevitable
unwanted adolescent pregnancies.

In our advocacy to promote health and well-being of adolescents, we have

acknowledged the importance of proposing a program that is focused on prevention of
teenage pregnancy and promotion of healthy pregnancy and safe delivery for teen age
mothers. Adolescent pregnancy and early child bearing create major problems not limited to
maternal complications but also increased infant mortality.

B. Literature
Promotion of competency in performing maternal roles is the main goal of perinatal
educators. Perceived maternal competency has been shown to facilitate maternal role
attainment (Mercer, 1985) and to promote positive infant nurturing and development (Mercer,
1985, 1995). In early parenthood, when a woman is confident in doing her maternal roles, she
is more comfortable in performing infant skills and interpreting infants cues.
The quality of life, comfort, and well-being during pregnancy are essential for every
country in the world. Pregnancy is considered a preparation period for becoming a mother.
Maternal role development, including confidence and satisfaction as a mother, is important in
the transition to motherhood. Negative psychosocial affect, such as increased anxiety and
distress, during pregnancy adversely influences the childbirth experience and childcare,
which contributes to postpartum depression. However, the impact of positive feelings on the
maternal role development remains unclear.
One purpose of a study was to clarify the relationship between comfort in late
pregnancy and maternal role attainment and childcare during early postpartum. They
designed a descriptive, longitudinal, correlational study by using the Prenatal Comfort Scale,
the Postpartum Maternal Role Confidence Scale, and the Postpartum Maternal Satisfaction
Scale. Among 339 participants who had received care at a university hospital located in
Sendai city in Japan, 215 subjects completed the longitudinal study by answering a

questionnaire for the respective Scale late in their pregnancy or during early postpartum. The
subjects consisted of 114 primipara (32.0 5.4 years) and 101 multipara (33.4 4.9 years).
In primipara, comfort with motherhood was significantly correlated with maternal confidence
regarding knowledge and childcare skills and maternal satisfaction. In multipara, comfort in
late pregnancy was related to maternal confidence and satisfaction. Positive affect was related
to maternal confidence and maternal satisfaction in early postpartum. They concluded that a
prenatal nursing intervention helps women become more comfortable with impending
motherhood, thereby promoting maternal role attainment after delivery.
In a study by Copeland and Harbaugh on Transition of Maternal Competency
of Married and Single Mothers in Early Parenthood Mercer's Maternal Role Attainment
Theory served as the theoretical framework for this study. The theory is incorporated with
ecological environmental system by Bronfenbrenner's which is composed of interactions
between the microsystem, exosystem, and macrosystem of an individual.
From a theoretical perspective, maternal competence is a component of the maternal
role and is embedded within the microsystem of the mother. Maternal role attainment is a
process in which the mother achieves competence in the role and integrates the mothering
behaviors into her established role set, so that she is comfortable with her identity as a
mother (Mercer, 1985). Learning how to read and respond to her baby's cues, such as how to
soothe a crying infant, facilitate the mother's maternal competence (Mercer & Ferketich,
1995).
In a study by Secco and colleagues (2002) they investigated the perceived and
performed infant-care competence of 78 younger and older adolescent mothers, of which half
the samples were single mothers. They observed that from prenatal to four-week postpartum
mothers became more competent. Nevertheless, older adolescent mothers provided more
sensory stimulation for their infants than younger adolescent mothers. Their study indicated

that younger mothers experienced an increase in mothering skills over time, but they
displayed less competence in one important area of infant development that is infant
stimulation.

C. Program Description
The program is ten-month campaign plan for the healthy and smart choices of teen
agers with the key topics on sex education, early pregnancy prevention, family planning,
breastfeeding and smart parenting.
Through an outreach activity by the MSN students, sexuality education will be
conducted in different high schools in the area. This will increase the knowledge of
adolescents and explore their attitudes feelings and values about human development,
reproductive health, gender roles and healthy sexual decision-making. To reach a broad teen
audience, this educational program will involve key members of the school administration.
In the hospital setting, comprehensive reproductive health services for young parents
will be included in the program. These will comprise of obstetric and gynecological exams
and pre natal, intra and post natal care to pregnant mothers. Active participation of
husband/partners during parenting classes is greatly encouraged.
During parenting classes, common maternal complications, birth preparation,
breastfeeding and newborn and infant care will be discussed. A family planning staff will also
conduct a counselling process to help the adolescent parents to decide on what method of
contraception is most appropriate for them after delivery of the newborn. Follow up care after
delivery will be instructed to all teenage mothers.
This program is intended to promote healthy reproductive lifestyle for teen agers and
to deal with the reproductive needs and health issues of pregnant adolescents and young

parents. It is in line with the Ramona Mercers Maternal Role Attainment Theory that is
defined as an interaction and developmental process occurring over time, in which the mother
becomes attached to her infant, acquires competence in care-taking tasks involves in the role
and expresses pleasure and gratification role. As health professionals, nurses have the most
sustained and closest interaction with women in the maternal cycle; consequently, they can
educate women during pregnancy and assist them as they attain maternal roles.

D. Objectives
This comprehensive program on reproductive health of adolescents generally aims to
provide a comprehensive care to the pregnant adolescent, her partner and infant. It
specifically intends to:

Deliver factual information regarding reproductive health and various methods of

pregnancy prevention to students.

Counsel high schools students regarding healthy sexual decision-making.
Provide comprehensive pre natal, intra and post natal care to pregnant adolescents.
Uphold exclusive breastfeeding of newborn up to 6 months to 2 years of age by

provision of information about breastfeeding with return demonstration.

Educate and promote active participation of the teenage mothers support group
including husband/partners/peers regarding birth preparation and newborn and child

care.
Reduce pregnancy among women 19 years old and below by educating them on
family planning.

E. Timeline/Work Plan
F.

G.

All components of the program must be implemented and evaluated from June 2016 to April 2017. The activities to be

performed in a health program should be laid out in detail, and prescribed time limits or specific dates when the program must be
completed.
H. DATE
J. March 2016

st

nd

K. April 2016 1 and 2 week

M. April 2016 3

rd

week

I. TASKS/EVENTS
Coordinate with Heads of different High schools of Lasam regarding the conduct of
health education on Reproductive health.
Reserve all the site location and dates
Set the theme for the Sexuality Education.
Prepare sponsor proposals and solicit sponsorship from Local Government Units.
Set a tentative health Education schedule for the eight High Schools.
Prepare the materials needed for the Health Education.
Let the chief of Hospital of Lasam District Hospital know the program proposal and
receive their blessings.
Identify and contact keynote speakers on early pregnancy prevention, family
planning, breastfeeding and smart parenting
Set schedule of training/workshop of nurses at Lasam District Hospital
Surveillance and Discovery of cases of teenage pregnancy in Lasam
Find out the frequency and distribution of teenage pregnant by coordinating with
Lasam Municipal Health Office and barangay rural health units as well as Lasam
District Hospital

L.
Confirm training/workshop schedules with speakers.
Determine venue for the seminar/workshop within the hospital
Prepare budget by coordinating with the Hospital Administrator

N. April 2016 4th week

O. May 2016

Conduct of series of seminar/workshops on Reproductive health

Work with Lasam District Hospital staff and decide on the content of program
Formulation of new and revision of existing hospital policies regarding breastfeeding,
family planning and smart parenting.
Assign committees and leaders for each health promotion activities.
Begin production of program materials.
Prepare and display campaign materials regarding promotion of reproductive health
within hospital premises
Review and finalize all arrangements.
Assemble all handouts needed.

P.
Q. Plan of Action
R. Activitie
s

S. Purpose

T. Tar
get

U. Cos
t/
V. Sou
rce

W. Time

X. Place

Y. Perso
n in
charg
e

Z. Indicators of
success

AA.

AM.

After

ealth

being given

Educatio

information

n about

High
scho
ol
stud

reproductive

AB.

health and

AC.

various

AD.

methods of

AE.

pregnancy

AF.

prevention it is

AG.

expected that

AH.

teens in Lasam

AI.

can make

AJ.

healthy sexual

AK.

decisionI

making and
understand the

on

dangers of pre-

dissemin

marital sex and

ation

early

regardin

pregnancy.
AN.

ents

300

2
weeks

BE.8 High

BF. MSN

schools

studen

BG.

0.00
BD.

J
une 1-3,

of

At the

end of the
school year,

ts

school

Lasam

administrators

6-10,

will be asked

2016

to list cases of
drop-outs due

am

to early

AP.

pregnancy,

AQ.

miscarriage,
AR.

abortion if

AS.

there is any.
BO.

AT.

BP.

AU.

BQ.
BR.

AV.
AW.
AX.

To

BC.

of
Las

nformati

g RH

BB.Php

about

sex

AL.

AO.

AY.

Both

students and
mothers will
be aware of
their rights
and they will

law

educate teens

AZ.

subject

on the duty of
the State to
protect the life
of the mother
and the life of
the unborn
child from
conception

themselves for
BA.

care in clinics

Both

and hospitals

Hig

to avail

services

Sch

offered by the

ool

government

stud
ents
and
teen
age
mo

BU.

BS.Case
Finding/
BT.

egistrati
on to list
of
Expecta
nt teen

To find
out the
frequency,

ms
BV.Tee
nag

BW.

BX.

3
rd

week

distribution and

preg

prevalence of

nant

adolescent

who

pregnant

cons
ult
at

of June
onwards

BY.

BZ.

Lasam

Staff

Distric

nurse

s at

Hospit

LDH

al

CA.

age

the

mothers

hos
pital

CB.

CD.

To have

istory and

a baseline

PE

information

CE.

CF.

Teenage

rd

3
week

mot

Taking

about the

hers

including

condition of

who

Routine

every teenage

are

Lab exam

pregnant

on

CC.

CG.

of June
onwards

CH.
Lasam

CI. Staff
nurse

history of
teenage

Distric

s at

LDH

pregnants are
well
accomplished

Hospit

their

CJ.Obstetrical

al

st

trim
este
r
CK.

CP. To monitor the

CW.

renatal

condition of the

care of

mother if they

mot

every

are at risk of

hers

pregnant

maternal

mother

complications

enrolled

CQ.

Teenage

CX.

CY.1st and
2nd
trimest
er
every

DB.

DC.

Lasam

Staff

DD.

Based

on statistics by
record section

Distric

nurse

s at

Hospit

LDH

there will be
decrease in
percentage of

in the

CR.

program

CS.

1stMond

al

maternal
morbidity and

ay of

CL.

CT.

CM.

CU.

CN.

CV.

mortality rate.

the
month.

CO.

CZ.

3
rd

trimest
er
DA.

very 1st
and 3rd
Monday
s of the
DE.

DF.

DG.

To

onduct

prepare the

smart

young parents

DH.

DI.

Teenage

1st and

preg

parenting

for the safe and

nant

classes

healthy delivery

on

of newborn and

month
DJ. Every

rd

3rd
Monday

DK.
Lasam
Distric
t

DL.
Assigned

DM.

Roomi

ng-in is done.

com

Young parents

mitte

will perform

e for

bathing of

also care of the

trim

newborn.

este

s of the

Hospit

month

al

r
for 3rd

incl
udin

each

newborn,

activi

diaper care,

ties

cord care with

assistance of

trimeste

midwives.

There will

their

also be

hus

decreased in

ban

percentage of

ds

infant
DN.

DO.

To

DW.

DX.

Teenage

ounselin

increase the

g on

number of

preg

Family

couples that

nant

Planning

will use

and

contraceptives.

Breastfe
eding

DP.

rd

To

decrease the
number

1st and
3rd
Monday
s of the

trim
este

DQ.
DR.

on

DY.Every

incl

month
for 3rd
trimeste

udin
g

DZ.
Lasam
Distric
t
Hospit
al

EA.
Assigned

mortality rate.
EB.
There
will be an

com

increase in

mitte

number of

e for

couples

each

enrolled in the

activi

master list of

ties

family
planning
program.
EC.

adolescent

their

births.

hus

on the

DS.

ban

statistics

DT.

ds

prepare by the

DU.
DV.

ED.

Based

Record officer
To

of the hospital

increase the

there should

number of

be a decrease

mothers who

in number of

are

teenage

breastfeeding.

mothers.
EE.
EF.Exclusive
breastfeeding
of newborns is
fully
implemented.
Feeding
bottles used
for feeding
will be
captured are

caught.
EG.
EH.
EI.

Buget
EJ.THE BUDGET FUNDS FOR THE HEALTH EDUCATION IN HIGH SCHOOL

EK.
MATERIALS
1. Administrative expenses Chamber usage
2. The estimate for Consumption:

PHP 1000.00
EN.

EM.

25 x 1 0

:1 box of consumption (2 pies, 1 mineral water, candy

EL.

2 packs/box, tissue)
3. Souvenirs:

PHP 250.00
EQ.

EO.

70 x 5= PHP 350.00

Souvenir for students (5 persons)

EP.Souvenirs to Schools
4. Counseling Formulary

COST

PHP 700.00
PHP 500.00

ER.
10 pages x 50 participants
5. Stationary
6. Unexpected Fund (others)
ES.Total

PHP. 300.00
PHP 150.00
PHP 3000.00

ET.

EU.

BUDGET PROPOSAL FOR LASAM DISTRICT HOSPITAL

EV.

EW.
MATERIALS
1. Meals & Snacks for the 3-day seminar/workshop of staff

EX.
EY.

COST

- 20 participants
- 1 speaker/day (3 speakers)
2. Travel expenses of speakers

EZ.
FA.
FB.

3. Souvenir for the speakers

3,000.00
FC.

Php 300.00/speaker

Php

4. Incentive for the speakers

900.00
FD.

Php 1000.00/speaker

Php

5. Certificate of participants

3,000.00
FE.

6. Campaign Materials (tarpaulin)

7. Brochures (Printing/Photocopies) for the entire implementation

150.00
FF.
FG.

of Program

Php 100.00/participant/day =
Php 250.00/speaker
=
Php 1000.00/speaker

Php 6,000.00
Php 750.00
Php

Php
Php 1,500.00
Php

500.00
FH.

TOTAL

FI.

Php 15,800.00

FJ. Other Relevant Information

FK.
FL.
FM.

HEALTH EDUCATION ON SEXUALITY

AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF TEENAGERS

FN.
FO.
General Instructional Objectives
FP.
FQ.
After being given information about reproductive health and various methods

I.

of pregnancy prevention it is expected that teens in Lasam can make healthy sexual
decision-making and understand the dangers of pre-marital sex and early pregnancy.
II.

The Purpose Of The Instructional Specific

FR.

After the given extension program it is expected that the:

1. Participants can explain the characteristics of adolescents

2. Participants can explain the factors that drive the factor of sex pre marriage
3. Participants can explain how to control your sex drive
4. Participants can explain the consequence of sex pre marriage
5. Participants may explain the kinds of kinds of the sex transmitted diseases
6. Participants can answer the question given by the extension officers
III.

METHODS
1. Lectures
2. Leaflets

IV.

MATERIAL
FS.TEENS AND SEX PRE MARRIAGE
FT.
FU.
FW.

Introduction
FV.
Adolescents including children living in extreme conditions and great

exposure to sexual exploitation and abuse

belong to high-risk categories threatened by

unprotected sex. Latest data on these shows that majority of people engaged in sex work are
young and 70 % of HIV infections involve male-to-male sex. The proportion of young
people reported to have STDs/HIV and AIDS is increasing.
FX.

Many adolescents also resort to services of unqualified traditional healers,

obtain antibiotics from pharmacies or drug hawkers or resort to advices from friends (e.g.
drinking detergent dissolved in water) without proper diagnosis to address problems of STDs.

Improper or incomplete treatment may mask the symptoms without curing the disease
increasing the risk of transmission and development of complications. The limited use

of

condoms to protect adolescents from risk of HIV is an issue to reflection for condom use is
not only to prevent pregnancy but also preventing sexually transmitted disease.
FY.

It was reported that 62 % of sexually transmitted infections affect the

adolescents while 29 % of HIV positive Filipino cases are young people. In addition, it was
revealed that thirty seven percent (37%) of Filipino males 25 years of age have had sex
before they marry with women other than their wives. Some will have paid for sex while
others will have had five or more partners.
A. Teens
1. Understanding
FZ. A teenager comes from the Latin word meaning "adolescentia grow" or
"grow into adulthood". The child is considered an adult if it is capable of hosting a
reproduction (Hurlock, 1993)
GA.
Teen Age Limitation:
a. Young teenager (12-15 years)
b. Full Teen Age (16-19 years)
2. Psychic characteristics
a. Change of emotion, so that teenagers become;
Sensitive (easy to cry, anxious, frustrated and laughs)
Aggressive, and easily react to outside stimuli that influence them, for
example an easy fight.
b. Development of intelegensia, so the teens become;
Eager to find out new things so it appears capable of abstract thought, glad to
give criticism
Behavior like to dabble.
GB. Behavior like to try new things if driven by sexual stimulation
may bring teens on sex pre marriage with all its consequences.
GC. In reproductive health, behaviour like to dabble in the realm of
sex is very prone to it, because it can bring very bad repercussions and
detrimental to the future of teenagers, especially teenage daughter
3. Factors that affect sexual drive
- Watch the movie/see/hear images indecent stories
- Being alone in solitude
- Fantasize about sexual
- Use the aphrodisiac (drugs)
4. How to control your sex drive
- Delay marriage licenses/ getting pregnant when you are not ready
- Increase spirituality
- Fill your days with fun things that are useful (Such as: Sports, religious activities,
etc.)
- Stay away from pornography.
- Increase Knowledge
- Reach for the achievement

GD.
GE.
B. Premarital Sex
1. Understanding
GF.
Premarital sex is intercourse conducted before marriage
2. As a result:
a. For Teenagers
- Male teenagers become unmarried boys, girls is not a virgin
- Increase the risk of STDS, such as Gonorrhea, Syphilitic, Clammydia, Herpes
Simplex Genitalia, Condiloma Accuminata, HIV-AIDS.
- The female teens might be high risk of pregnancy, unsecure abortion,
infections of the reproductive organs, infertility, anaemia and death because of
bleeding etc.
- Psychiatric Trauma (depression, low self-esteem, a sense of sin, missing
expectations of the future)
- Possibility of missed opportunities for continuing education and a chance to
work.
- Giving birth to unhealthy babies.
GG.
b. For Families
- Family disgrace cause by pressure of society
- Increase in economic burden of families
- The influence of psychological abuse for the child who is born due unplanned
pregnancy
GH.
GI.
c. For the Society.
- Increased teenagers dropping out of school,
- Increase in maternal mortality and infant
- Leads to economic burden
GJ.
3. Factors affecting early pregnancy
- Cannot control their sexual desire
GK.
4. How to avoid:
- Teenagers should understand that they should not engage in sexual intercourse
before marriage
- Fill the free time with activities that are more beneficial
- Closer to God
5. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDS)
GL.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) are disease which are transmitted
through sex with venereal disease sufferers. For example: syphilis, gonorrhea,
condiloma.
GM.
6. Complications of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDS)
- Reproductive tract infections
- Cervical cancer
- Fetal defects
- Infertility
- Miscarriage
GN.

GO.
GQ.
GR.
GS.

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LAW (REPUBLIC ACT 10354)

GP.

Introduction
GT.

The State recognizes and guarantees the human rights of all persons including

their right to equality and nondiscrimination of these rights, the right to sustainable human
development, the right to health which includes reproductive health, the right to education
and information, and the right to choose and make decisions for themselves in accordance
with their religious convictions, ethics, cultural beliefs, and the demands of responsible
parenthood.
GU.

Pursuant to the declaration of State policies under Section 12, Article II of the

1987 Philippine Constitution, it is the duty of the State to protect and strengthen the family as
a basic autonomous social institution and equally protect the life of the mother and the life of
the unborn from conception. The State shall protect and promote the right to health of women
especially mothers in particular and of the people in general and instill health consciousness
among them. The family is the natural and fundamental unit of society. The State shall
likewise protect and advance the right of families in particular and the people in general to a
balanced and healthful environment in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. The
State also recognizes and guarantees the promotion and equal protection of the welfare and
rights of children, the youth, and the unborn.
GV.

Moreover, the State recognizes and guarantees the promotion of gender

equality, gender equity, women empowerment and dignity as a health and human rights
concern and as a social responsibility. The advancement and protection of womens human
rights shall be central to the efforts of the State to address reproductive health care.
GW.

The State likewise guarantees universal access to medically-safe, non-

abortifacient, effective, legal, affordable, and quality reproductive health care services,
methods, devices, supplies which do not prevent the implantation of a fertilized ovum as
determined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and relevant information and
education thereon according to the priority needs of women, children and other
underprivileged sectors, giving preferential access to those identified through the National
Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR) and other government
measures of identifying marginalization, who shall be voluntary beneficiaries of reproductive
health care, services and supplies for free.
GX.

GY.

Guiding Principles for Implementation that is used in the program proposal

The right to make free and informed decisions

Respect for protection and fulfillment of reproductive health and rights which seek to
promote the rights and welfare of every person particularly couples, adult individuals, women
and adolescents

Provision of ethical and medically safe, legal, accessible, affordable, non-abortifacient,

effective and quality reproductive health care services and supplies

Promote and provide information and access, without bias, to all methods of family planning,
including effective natural and modern methods which have been proven medically safe, legal,
non-abortifacient, and effective in accordance with scientific and evidence-based medical
research standards

Each family shall have the right to determine its ideal family size: Provided, however, That
the State shall equip each parent with the necessary information on all aspects of family life,
including reproductive health and responsible parenthood, in order to make that
determination;

The resources of the country must be made to serve the entire population, especially the poor,
and allocations thereof must be adequate and effective: Provided, That the life of the unborn
is protected

Development is a multi-faceted process that calls for the harmonization and integration of
policies, plans, programs and projects that seek to uplift the quality of life of the people, more
particularly the poor, the needy and the marginalized

GZ.

HA.

BREASTFEEDING PROMOTION CAMPAIGN

HB.
HC.
HD.

Introduction
The world Health Organization and UNICEF endorsed a global strategy on

Infant and Young Child feeding in 2002. The aim of this strategy is to improve the nutritional
status, growth and development, health of infants and children through optimal breastfeeding.
It supports the existing program of Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). The BFHI is a
global initiative that aims to give every baby the best start in life by creating a health care
environment that supports breastfeeding as the norm. it aims to implement the Ten Steps to
successful breastfeeding and to end the distribution of the free and low-cost supplies of breast
milk substitutes to health facilities.
HE.
HF.

HG.

Promotion of breastfeeding during pregnancy and after delivery

HH.

Upon completion of the session, the lecturers (MSN students) will be able to

1. Outline what information needs to be discussed with pregnant women

2. Explain what kind of antenatal breast preparation women need for breastfeeding, what
is effective and what is not
3. Describe how the actions during labor and birth can support early breastfeeding
4. Explain importance of early contact of mother and baby
5. Explain ways on how to initiate early breastfeeding
6. Discuss proper breast care
7. List key elements of positioning for successful and comfortable breastfeeding
8. Discuss concerns about not enough milk with mothers
9. Discuss breastfeeding of infants who are preterm, low birth weight or have special
needs.
10. Outline prevention and management of common clinical concerns such as dehydration
and jaundice related to breastfeeding.
HI.

HJ.

10 steps of successful breastfeeding

1. Hospitals have a written policy that is routinely communicated to all health care staff.
HK.
All staffs adhere to the exclusive breastfeeding policy. Anyone caught using
milk formula as substitute for breast milk, their feeding bottles will be confiscated.
HL.
2. Train all health care staff in skills necessary to implement policy.
HM.
3. Inform all pregnant women about the benefits and management of breastfeeding.
HN.
Importance of breastfeeding
a. Protects infants health
b. Protects mother in becoming pregnant too soon after delivery
c. Protects the mother against breast cancer
d. Breastmilk is readily available and you dont need lots of preparation
HO.
4. Help mothers initiate breastfeeding within a half-hour of birth
HP.
-promote skin-to-skin contact with mother immediately following birth and
encourage breastfeeding
HQ.
5. Show mothers how to breastfeed, and how to maintain lactation even if they should be
separated from their infants.
6. Give newborn infants no food or drink other than breast milk unless medically
indicated
HR.
7. Practice rooming-in allows mothers and infants to remain together- 24 hours a day.
8. Encourage breastfeeding on demand
9. Give no artificial teats or pacifiers
10. Foster the establishment of breastfeeding support groups and refer mothers to them on
discharge from the hospital or clinic.

HS.
HT.

How to meet breastfeeding goals?

All staff, professional and ancillary will be informed that rooming-in is the standard

policy for all mothers by means of a posted notices.

All staff will be educated as to the reasons behind this policy appropriate to their areas

of responsibility, by means of attendance at a 20-minute session on the ward.

All staff will be taught means of assisting mothers to settle their babies themselves

and how to explain the importance of rooming-in to mothers,.

Antenatal classes and other information sources will explain to parents the importance

of rooming-in and that it is the hospital policy

HU.
HV.

HX.

COUNSELLING FOR FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES

HW.

Introduction
HY.

Based on the RH law, all accredited public health facilities shall provide a full

range of modern family planning methods, which shall also include medical consultations,
supplies and necessary and reasonable procedures for poor and marginalized couples having
infertility issues who desire to have children:
HZ.

Provided, that family planning services shall likewise be extended by private

health facilities to paying patients with the option to grant free care and services to indigents,
except in the case of non-maternity specialty hospitals and hospitals owned and operated by a
religious group, but they have the option to provide such full range of modern family
planning methods:
IA.

Provided, further, that these hospitals shall immediately refer the person

seeking such care and services to another health facility which is conveniently accessible:
IB.

Provided, finally, that the person is not in an emergency condition or serious

case as defined in Republic Act No. 8344.

IC.

No person shall be denied information and access to family planning services,

whether natural or artificial: Provided, that minors will not be allowed access to modern
methods of family planning without written consent from their parents or guardian/s except
when the minor is already a parent or has had a miscarriage.
ID.
IE. Objectives
IF. By the end of the training, trainees should be able to do the following:

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using the different family planning

methods.
Describe how FP improves the lives of women, children, families, and communities
List the benefits of FP for all women, for children, for families and communities.
Identify and discuss medical and other barriers to FP services in the country, and the

role of health care providers in overcoming these

Make informed choices on what family planning method to use.
IG.

IH.

Benefits of Family Planning

Family planning could prevent up to one-third of all maternal deaths by allowing

women to delay motherhood, space births, avoid unintended pregnancies and unsafely
performed abortions, and stop childbearing when they have reached their desired
family size

Closely spaced births result in higher infant mortality: International survey data show
that babies born less than two years after their next oldest brother or sister are twice
as likely to die in the first year as those born after an interval of three years.

Young women face higher risks of dying from pregnancy or childbirth: Women ages
15 to 19 are twice as likely to die from maternal causes as older women; many
adolescents are physically immature, which increases their risks of suffering from
obstetric complications.

Young women have high rates of unintended pregnancy: Each year 2.5 million
teenagers in developing countries end their pregnancy by undergoing abortions that
are performed either by persons lacking the necessary skills or in unsafe conditions,
or both.

Family planning prevents abortions. It can prevent many of these tragic deaths by
reducing the number of unintended pregnancies that lead to abortions.

Family planning reduces deaths from AIDS: Consistent and correct use of condoms
can significantly reduce the rate of new HIV infection.

II.

Principles of FP Services

IJ.

1. The cornerstone of a sound FP program is one that incorporates the following four

principles:
IK. voluntarism

IL. informed choice

IM. the widest range of FP methods possible
IN. integration within a general MCH service program.
IO.
2. A client has the right to make an unpressured, voluntary decision on a
contraceptive method, assuming it is medically safe. Some would argue even further that if a
precaution exists and the client is fully informed of the risks, the client's choice must still be
honored by the clinician.
IP.
3. Confidentiality, preservation of dignity and respect, provision of FP services
regardless of age or religious, social, marital, or economic status are all essential policy
elements of a FP program.
IQ.
4. Alertness on the part of health professionals for clients at risk for STDs has
traditionally been part of FP services; HIV and hepatitis B must now be added as areas of
special attention. In this regard, distribution of latex condoms should now be a mainstay of
all FP programs.
IR.
5. The responsible involvement of men/husbands/mothers/mothers-in-law, and
community leaders in FP programs adds an additional dimension of quality care to FP
programs. It should be encouraged, but at the same time it is not to be considered a condition
for providing FP services to a client who requests them. The provider must extend the
principle of confidentiality to the
IS.
IT.
IU.
Method
IX.
Combined

METHODS OF FAMILY PLANNING

oral contraceptives
(COCs)

IV.
Advantages
Decrease dysmenorrhea
and
premenstrual
symptoms
Regulate
menstrual
cycle
Decrease PID, ovarian
and endometrial cancer,
ectopic pregnancy
Easily made available
and safe for most
women

IY.
DMPA
(Depo-ProveraTM) contains the hormone
progesterone. It is a
long-acting method
which slowly releases

Appropriate for women

over 35 with estrogen
precautions and/or those
who don't want more
children but want a
reversible method.

IW. Disadvantages
Client-dependent; must be
taken every day
Have minor side effects in
some clients, such as
nausea,
headache,
or
breakthrough bleeding
May cause rare but serious
circulatory
system
complications, especially
in women over 35 who
smoke and/or have other
health problems
Does not protect from
STDs/HIV
Increased appetite,
causing weight gain in
some cases
Delay in return to fertility
after discontinuing
(pregnancy is delayed two

the hormone, and is

given by
intramuscular
injection, required
every 12 weeks.

IZ.

IUDs

JA.
Voluntary
Surgical
Contraception
JB.
Tubal ligation
and Vasectomy

JC.

Condoms

May be used by
breastfeeding women
(more than 6 weeks
postpartum)
Unrelated to coitus and
easy to use
Provides immediate
postpartum or
postabortion
contraception
Has long shelf-life and
does not need
refrigeration
Highly effective
Safe for most women
not at risk of STD/HIV
May be safely used by
lactating and immediate
(within 48 to 72 hours
of delivery) postpartum
women (with provider
trained in PP insertion
technique)
Good choice for older
women
with
COC
precautions
Long duration of use
(five years for MLCu
375, up to ten years for
TCu 380A)
Safe, convenient, highly
effective
Permanent
Inexpensive in long run
Minimal risk of
complications
No long-term health
effects
Requires only a single
procedure
Surgery is relatively
quick (a few minutes for
men, usually less than
30 minutes for women)
Can be very effective in
protecting
from

to four months longer than

with other contraceptives)
Since it is long-acting,
DMPA cannot be easily
discontinued or removed
from the body in case of
complications or if
pregnancy is desired
Offers no protection
against STDs/HIV

Does not protect against

STDs/HIV
May place client at risk of
PID if she is at risk of
STDs for any reason
May expose client to
infection during insertion
Requires specially-trained
provider
Side
effects
include
heavier/longer menstrual
periods
Increased
cramping/spotting fairly
common in first three
months
Requires

surgical

procedure

Requires trained service

providers

Permanent;

difficult

to

reverse

Does not protect against

STDs/HIV

Interrupts coitus

JD.

Lactation

Amenorrhea Method

JE.
Fertility
Awareness Methods
Fertility awareness
methods are methods
that rely on various
techniques to identify
a woman's fertile
days (the days on
which she can
become pregnant).

Rhythm (or
Calendar)
Method
Basal Body
Temperature
(BBT)
Method
Cervical

STDs/HIV
Can be effective in
preventing pregnancy,
depending
on
correctness of use
Easy to use, readily
available
in
many
locations,
relatively
inexpensive
Only reversible male
contraceptive
Very useful as back-up
method
Can
be
started
immediately
after
delivery
Requires no prescription
Carries no side effects
or precautions
Economical
Very convenient
Requires no chemical
substances
or
mechanical devices
Helps protect infant
from diarrhea and other
infectious diseases
No or low cost
No
chemical
products/no
physical
side effects
Immediately reversible
Acceptable to many
religious faiths
Responsibility
for
family
planning
is
shared by both partners

High

probability

of

incorrect or inconsistent
use

Can

deteriorate

if

incorrectly stored

Can only be used during

the
early
postpartum
period
May be difficult for
woman to maintain pattern
of fully or almost fully
breastfeeding
Provides no protection
against STD/HIV

Requires
considerable
client instruction
Requires high level of
client
responsibility:
women must keep daily
records
Couples must cooperate in
order to avoid sexual
relations during fertile
days (about 10-15 days
each month), unless a
barrier method is used at
that time
Women with irregular
menstrual periods may be
unable to use rhythm or
BBT methods
Does not protect against
STDs/HIV

Mucus
Method
(CMM)
(Billings
Method)
JF.
JG.
JH.
JI.
JJ. References
JK.
JL.
JM. Coila, B. (2011). What are the Effects of Teenage Pregnancy? Retrieved from
http://www.livestrong .com/article/147035-what-are-the-effects-of-teenage-pregnancy/
JN. Copeland, D. & Harbaugh, B. (2004). Transition of Maternal
Competency of Married and Single Mothers in Early Parenthood. The
journal of perinatal Education. Advancing normal birth. Retrieved from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1595220/
JO.
JP. National Youth Development Agency. (2013). Call for Proposals: Teenage Pregnancy
Programme. Retrieved from http://www.ngopulse.org/opportunity/call-proposals-teenagepregnancy-programme
JQ.
JR. Natividad, J. (2013). Teenage Pregnancy in the Philippines: Trends,
Correlates and Data Sources. Journal of the ASEAN Federation of
Endocrine Societies. Retrieved from http://www.aseanendocrinejournal.org/index.php/JAFES/article/view/49/477
JS.
JT. Salamanca, E. (1997). Adolescent Pregnancy. A proposal for intervention. Retrieved from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9385187
JU.
JV.Solter, C. (1997). Introduction to Family Planning and the Health of Women and Children
and an Overview of Family Planning Methods. Retrieved from
http://www.pathfinder.org/publications-tools/pdfs/Module-1-Intro-Overview-of-RHTraining-Curriculum.pdf
JW.
JX.The Official Gazette. (2012). Republic Act 10354: An Act Providing For a National
Policy on Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health. Retrieved from
http://www.gov.ph/2012/12/21/republic-act-no-10354/
JY.
JZ. Van der Hor, C. (2014). Teenage pregnancy among todays Filipino youth. Philippine
Daily inquirer

KA.
KB.

KC.