THE ADJECTIVE

1. Def: partea de vorbire care arata insusirile unui substantiv

2. Formarea
a. derivare cu sufix:
- able : countable, -ible: sensible, -al: global, -an: Italian, -ant: dominant, -ed:saved, -en: golden,
-ern: southern, -ful: beautiful, -ial: celestial, -ic: magnetic, -ish: selfish, -ing: interesting,
b. derivare cu prefix:
a-: alive, bi-: biannual, extra-:extraordinary, il-: illegal, in-: inhuman, ir-: irresponsible, un-: unfair,
.
c. composition:

Adj + present participle: good-looking, pleasant sounding

Adj + past participle: good-natured, kind-hearted

Adv + past participle: well-dresed, ill-manered

Noun + present participle: heart-breaking, soul-destroying

Noun + past participle: hand-made, brick-built

Numeral + noun: second-hand, twentieth-century

3. The order of adjectives in an enumeration:

In lb romana, cand avem o eumeratie de mai multe adjective, acestea pot fi puse in orice
ordine.
O casa mare, frumoasa, alba.
O casa alba, mare frumoasa.
Dar, in lg engleza, adj au o ordine anume in enumeratie:
Size

age

origin

purpose

----------------------------------------------------------------------------- subst
Opinion

shape

color

material

A nice, big, round, old, blue, French, glass, fruit bowl

4. Degrees of comparison
In lb engleza, avem 3 tipuri de adj:

Cu 1 silaba: free, big, sweet

Cu mai multe silabe: beautiful, difficult

Neregulate

a. adj cu o singura silaba + adj bisilabilce care se term in Y (happy) + adj bisilabice
care au accentual pe ultima silaba

pozitiv: safe

>

comparativ: safer

>

#er

superlativ: the safest

>

the #est

P
C
S
Young
Younger
The youngest
Close
Closer
The closest
Fast
Faster
The fastest
Cheap
Cheaper
The cheapest
Tall
Taller
The tallest
long
longer
The longest
She is very young. => She is younger than me. => She is the youngest person in the room.
b. adj cu mai multe silabe + adj compuse: beautiful

pozitiv: beautiful

>

comparativ: more beautiful

>

more #

superlative: the most beautiful

>

the most #

P
Difficult
Expensive
Courageous

C
More difficult
More expensive
More courageous

S
Te most difficult
The most expensive
The most courageous

!!! Adj that receive both formation patterns:

-

adj monosib precum: free, calm, sound, vague, frank

adj bisib care se term in y si ly: angry, likely, healthy, friendly, happy

adj bisib care se term in re, -le, -ow, -some: bitter, humle, noble, narrow

adj bisib cu accentual pe prima silaba: pleasant, quiet, common

adj form. din 3 sib, din care 1 e prefix negativ: unhappy, unsincere, impolite

adj crooked si wicked

c. neregulate: nu au gradele ca si adj de mai sus, ci isi schimba complet forma la fiecare grad
in parte.

P
good
bad, evil, ill
little
much
many
Far (spatiu)
(timp)
Old (obiecte)
(persoane)
hind
Late (recent)
(Cel din urma)
fore

C
better
worse
less
more
more
farther
further
older
elder
hinder
later
latter
Former

S
The best
The worst
The least
The most
The most
The farthest
The furthest
The oldest
The eldest
The hindermost
The latest
The last
The foremost

!!! east/eastern more eastern eastmost

north/northern more northern northmost/northernmost, etc
Superlativul absolut se formeaza cu:
-

adj very : very interesting

alte adv : extremely, awfully, tremendously, quite, mighty, highly, exceedingly, terribly,
greatly

prefixe: ultra, super, over: oversensitive, ultramodern, overconfident

Comparativele speciale
Far cheaper = pe departe (mult) mai ieftin
Very much bigger = cu mult mai mare
Rather difficult = destul de dificil
A bit faster / Slightly faster = putin mai repede
No worse than = nu mai rau decat
Just as good as = la fel de bun ca si
Almost as expensive as = aproape la fel de scump ca si
Not nearly as cheap = nici pe departe atat de ieftin
Comparativele duble
Cu cat e mai mare casa, cu atat e amai bine = The bigger the house, the better.
Cu cat e mai curat parul, cu atat e mai frumos = The cleaner the hair, the more beautiful.
5. Adj. cu sensuri asemanatoare

strong, powerful
Strong:

Pt putere fizica

Pt greutatea lucrurilor

Sentimente

Mirosuri

He is a strong man, so he can lift the bag.

You need a strong metal ladder.

He received strong support from his friends.

This perfume has a very strong smell.

Powerful:

Putere psihologica

Control si influenta The president is the most powerful man in the state.

Masinarii si arme

Sunete si lumini

She was a powerful girl, so she didnt cry.

My car has a powerful engine.

A powerful sound entered the room.

big, large, great

Big

Varsta

Success, importanta

Im a big girl now.

Rap music was big in the 80s.

Large

Suprafata

Los Angeles is a very large city.

Cantitate

I got this bag at a great cost.

Influenta

He has a great influence on her.

Seriozitate

The result was a great disappointment.

A lot of

Great

She has great courage.

little, small, short

Little: varsta

She is my little sister.

Small: dimensiune

Oxford is a small city.

Short: lungime, durata

She has short hair.

6. Adj urmate de prepozitie

Adjectiv
Skilful, excellent, surprised, angry, good, hopeless, annoyed
Angry, mad, crazy, careful
Shocked, amused, bored, impressed

Prepozitie
AT
ABOUT
BY

Famous, late, sorry, responsible, suitable

Opposite, different
Interested, involved
Keen, reliant
Typical, afraid, ashamed, aware, capable, proud, jealous, sure, tired,

FOR
FROM
IN
ON
OF

disappointed
Impolite, used
Busy, content, crowded, pleased, satisfied
absent

TO
WITH
FROM