Chapter 2 Graph Functions

CHAPTER 2 : GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS II
Important Notes:
Kertas 1 (Objective Questions), soalan biasa berkisar ttg bentuk & kedudukan bg graf utama bagi
LINEAR, QUADRATIC, CUBIC and RECIPROCAL FUNCTIONS.
Pelajar perlu menguasi utk identify:
a) the shape of graph given a type of function
b) the type of function given a graph
c) the graph given a function and vice versa.
JENIS GRAF FUNGSI for Paper 1, SPM Mathematics:
Linear
y = mx + c
m = gradient
c = y-intercept
Quadratic
y = ax2 + bx + c
Cubic
y = ax3 +bx2 +cx + d
Note : Paper 1 limits to

y = ax2 + c
Note : Paper 1 limits to

y = ax3 + c
Reciprocal
y=
a
x
y
y
O
x
O
O
Note : This module concentrates on graph sketching, the skills needed for Paper 1. For details on how
to plot graphs please refer to the other related modules (eg. Chapter 12 The Straight Line on how to
draw / plot straight lines)
Back to Basic
I. Linear Graphs : can be represented by the equation y = mx + c.
m is the gradient
c the y-intercept, ie, the place where the straight line cuts the y-axis.
II. The general form of a Quadratic Function is f(x) = ax2 + bx + c; a, b, c are constants and a 0.
Characteristics of a quadratic function:
Involves one variable only,
The highest power of the variable is 2.
III. The general form of a Cubic Function is f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d ; a, b, c and d are constants and
a 0.
Characteristics of a cubic function:
Involves one variable only,
The highest power of the variable is 3.
IV. The simple Reciprocal Function is of the form y =
a
, where a is a constant.
x
2.1 Quadratic Graph

Exercise 1 :
a)
b)
c)
d)
Complete the following table for the equation y 2 x 2 9 x 5

x
-2
-5
10
7
40
By using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x-axis and 2cm to 5 unit on the y-axis, draw the graph
of y 2 x 2 9 x 5 for 0 x 7
From your graph, find
i) the value of y, when x = 1.7
ii) the value of x, when y = 15
Draw a suitable straight line on your graph to find the values of x which satisfy the equation
2 x 2 10 x 4 0 for 0 x 7 . State the values of x.
Exercise 2 :
a)
b)
c)
Complete the following table for the equation y x 2 x 5 9

x
-3
24
-2
-1
-2
-9
-12
-11
of y x 2 x 5 9 for 3 x 5
x 2 x 5 9 4 2 x for 3 x 5 . State the values of x.
Exercise 3 :
a)
Complete the following table for the equation y 3 x 2 2 x 5

x
y
b)
c)
d)
-3
-2
-1
11
1
4
-16
-35
of y 3 x 2 2 x 5 for 3 x 4
i) the value of y, when x = -0.5
ii) the value of x, that satisfy the equation of 3x 2 2 x 5
3 x 2 2 x 25 0 for 3 x 4 . State the values of x.
2.2 : Cubic Graph
Exercise 1:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Complete the following table for the equation y x 3 10 x 5

x
-3.5
-3
-2.9
-2
-1
14
3.5
-7
12.9
of y x 3 10 x 5 for 3.5 x 3.5
From your graph, find the value of y, when x = -2.5
x 3 10 x 6 for 3.5 x 3.5 . State the values of x.
Exercise 2:
a)
b)
c)
d)

x
-5
-4
-59
-10
-3
-2
-1
22
17
-5
-3
22
of y x 3 12 x 6 for 5 x 4
i) the value of y, when x = -2.5
ii) the values of positive x, when y = 0
x 3 12 x 12 for 4 x 4 . State the values of x.
Exercise 3:
a)

x
-3
y
b)
c)
d)
-2
-1.5
-1
-10
-7.9
-8
-12
-16
3.5
13.4
of y x 3 5 x 12 for 3 x 3.5
i) the value of y, when x = 0.8
ii) the value of x which satisfies the equation x 3 5 x 12
x 3 9 x 4 for 3 x 3.5 . State the values of x.
2.3 : Reciprocal Graph

Exercise 1:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Complete the following table for the equation y

x
-4
1.5
-2.5
6
x
-1
-0.6
0.6
10
-10
-6
-3
4
-1.5
By using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x-axis and 2cm to 2 unit on the y-axis, draw the graph of
6
y for 4 x 4
x
From your graph,
i) find the value of y, when x = 1.3
ii) find the value of x, when y = 3.5
3
1 x for 4 x 4 . State the values of x.
x
Exercise 2:
a)
b)
c)
d)

x
-4
-3
-2
-1
-0.5
-0.7
-1
-2
-0.5
2
x
0.5
4
0.7
0.5
By using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x-axis and 2cm to 1 unit on the y-axis, draw the graph of
2
y
for 4 x 4
x
From your graph,
ii) find the value of x, when y = -1.8
4
2 x 1 for 4 x 4 . State the values of x.
x
Exercise 3:
a)

x
-5
y
b)
c)
d)
-4
-2
-1
4
x
-1
-0.5
0.5
0.8
-4
-8
1.5
2.5
1.6
By using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x-axis and 2cm to 2unit on the y-axis, draw the graph of
4
y
for 5 x 5
x
From your graph,
i) find the value of y, when x = -1.4
3
x 0 for 0.5 x 4 . State the values of x.
2x
Exercise 4:
a)
b)

x
0.5
2.5
1.5
3
1
2x
2.5
1.75
1.6
3.5
1.43
1.38
By
using a scale of 2 cm to 0.5 unit on the x-axis and 2cm to 0.5unit on the y-axis, draw the graph of
3
y
1 for 0.5 x 4
2x
c)
From your graph,

d)
3
x 0 for 0.5 x 4 . State the values of x.
2x

Chapter 2 Graph Functions

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Chapter 2 Graph Functions

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CHAPTER 2 : GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS II

Note : Paper 1 limits to

Note : Paper 1 limits to

2.1 Quadratic Graph

Complete the following table for the equation y 2 x 2 9 x 5

Complete the following table for the equation y x 2 x 5 9

Complete the following table for the equation y 3 x 2 2 x 5

2.2 : Cubic Graph

Complete the following table for the equation y x 3 10 x 5

Complete the following table for the equation y x 3 12 x 6

Complete the following table for the equation y x 3 5 x 12

2.3 : Reciprocal Graph

Complete the following table for the equation y

Complete the following table for the equation y

Complete the following table for the equation y

Complete the following table for the equation y

From your graph,

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