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Inter-tidal zones are regions between the high tide and low tide area.
They are biologically productive, but foggy weather is not experienced there. So,
option (a) is wrong.
Explanation:
Marine upwelling zones are rich in nutrients, as nutrient rich water is upwelled to
come to the top. But, again foggy weather is not experienced. So, option (c) is
wrong.
Learning:
Areas where warm and cold currents meet tend to have regular foggy
conditions, as the overlying warm and cold air come in contact with each
other.
They also tend to have high biological productivity, because plankton growth
is encourage by the mixing of warm and cold currents.
Some of the world's most productive fishing grounds are located where warm
and cold currents converge.
For example, where Labrador current (cold) and Gulf stream (warm) meet, a
dense fog is there and it is one of the richest fishing grounds of the world.
Q Source:
2 When the grains of sand are very fine and light, the wind can carry it over very long
distances. When such sand is deposited in large areas in a desert, it is called
A. Dune barriers
B. Hemiboreal
C. Dunestack
D. None of the above
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User Answer : C
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
You may call sand dunes as Dune barriers. But,
technically dune barrier is not a term. So, option (a) is wrong.
Explanation & Learning:
AS
Hemiboreal means halfway between the temperate and subarctic (or boreal) zones.
So, option (b) is also wrong.
There is no such term as Dunestack. So, option (c) is also wrong.
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When air is heated, it expands, becomes lighter and goes up. Cold air
is denser and heavy.Lighter air tends to rise, and denser air tends to sink. Since it
affects air circulation, statement 1 is correct.
Explanation:
Air temperature is one of most important factors affecting its density. Other factor is
moisture. So, statement 2 is also correct.
Air pressure is an outcome of the total atmospheric conditions in an area. From
higher pressure areas, air flows to lower pressure areas. So, statement 3 is also
correct.
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High air columns (in which Jet streams etc. flow) blow at the height of 2-8 kms in
troposphere. Their characteristics like temperature, pressure or density is not
affected by the near earth air. However, they have a peculiar air circulation pattern.
So, statement 4 is also correct.
When hot air rises, cold air from surrounding area rushes there to fill in
the gap. That is how air circulation takes place. This can be affected by the factors
as mentioned above.
Q Source:
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Learning:
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4 Why a higher growth can be reaped, despite a reduction in fixed capital (FC) formation in
the Indian economy?
A. FC is not directly correlated with economic growth rate.
B. FC includes construction of dwellings as a sub-component which may not
add to the productive capacity of the economy.
C. Long-term growth can still be achieved if resources from FC are diverted
towards consumption.
D. All of the above
User Answer :
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Fixed capital formation (growth of productive infrastructure etc) is
directly related with economic growth rate. So, option (a) is incorrect.
Explanation:
Option (c) is incorrect, as only short-term growth may be achieved if such diversion
occurs. In the long-term quality and quantity of infrastructure is a major determinant
of economic growth.
Dwellings form more than 50% of the fixed capital formation in India.
Since dwellings do not add to the productive capacity of the economy, even if its
growth rate reduces, the economy can still grow. So, option (b) is correct.
Fixed capital is assets used in the productive process.
Learning:
As per the new formula, there are changes both in the variables included/excluded as
well as the weights assigned to them.
Examples of Fixed Capital Formation
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5 The earliest Tamil compositions are known as 'Sangam'. Why these texts are called
'Sangam'?
A. These texts were the meeting of the best of the ancient wisdom and
contemporary values.
B. The poets composing the texts named it so.
C. They were composed in the city of Sangam.
D. They were composed and compiled in assemblies of poets which were known
as Sangams.
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
Explanation:
Madurai.
Option (c) is incorrect as these poet Sangams were held in the city of
Q Source:
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7 The Fourteenth Finance Commission (FFC) has proposed a new horizontal formula for
the distribution of the divisible pool among the States. The new criterion includes
1. Population as per 2011 Census
2. Forest Cover
3. Fiscal discipline of the states
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1 and 2 only
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
Fiscal discipline was a criterion used by earlier Finance Commissions.
It has been discontinued by the 14th FC. So, statement 3 is wrong.
Explanation:
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Relative to the Thirteenth Finance Commission, the FFC has incorporated two new
variables: 2011 population and forest cover; and excluded the variable relating to
fiscal discipline.
http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/unequal-states/
Q Source:
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Statement 3 is incorrect as it deals with matters of war, governance and trade. It also
deals with ethics, and on the various issues of life like wealth, virtue and love.
Wikipedia: Improvisation from Chapter 9: Our Pasts-I
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9 Earliest Viharas were built for Buddhist monks and nuns because
A. It was to be the Central place for all monks and nuns for meditation and
contemplation.
B. It served as a permanent shelter for the wandering monks and nuns during
rainy season.
C. It served as a centre for propagation of Buddhist ideas.
D. It was used to organize the Sangha.
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User Answer : B
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
All other options (a), (c) and (d) refer to the purposes served by
present-day monasteries, and not earliest Viharas.
Explanation:
AS
Buddhist monks went from place to place throughout the year, teaching
people. The only time they stayed in one place was during the rainy season, when it
was very difficult to travel. Then, their supporters built temporary shelters for them
in gardens, or they lived in natural caves in hilly areas.
Learning:
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As time went on, many supporters of the monks and nuns, and they themselves, felt
the need for more permanent shelters and so monasteries were built. These were
known as viharas.
Chapter 7: Our Pasts-I
Q Source:
10 If you do not gave a GPS, you can still know the latitude of your place by
A. Measuring angle of Pole star from your place
B. Measuring the angle between Pole star and Big dipper constellation from
your place
C. Looking at the direction of your Compass
D. None of the above
User Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
Before we explain it in words here, do watch this video
http://study.com/academy/lesson/using-the-sun-stars-to-determine-latitude-longitude
.html
Explanation & Learning
Latitude is basically the angle of your place from the centre of the Earth (equatorial
position). Now, you can either find out this angle OR find out the angle of your
place with respect to the North Pole. Finding the latter is easier as Pole Star is
always found vertically above the North Pole.
If you can find your places angle from the Pole star (North Pole), just subtract it
from 90 degrees to arrive at your places latitude.
This cannot be done using a compass, as it merely shows North direction, and not
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the direction vertically above towards Pole star. So, option (c) is incorrect.
Other options can be eliminated in the same way.
Q Source:
Q Source:
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You can also eliminate option (b) as Mughals would have never allowed any
external intervention in the management of treasury.
This system was a failure because bidding was often not related to the actual
productivity of the land.
The ijaradars were not interested in making improvements in land since the
land was auctioned periodically.
The peasants were exploited by the contractors to extract more and more
revenue.
Improvisation: Page 146: Chapter 10: Our Pasts-II, VIIth NCERT
Q Source:
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Answer Justification :
Mt. Kilimanjaro is a volcanic mountain. So, statement 3 is wrong.
Vosges, Europe is a block mountain. So, statement 4 is also wrong. Other two are
old and new fold mountains.
Explanation:
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Learning:
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Block Mountains are created when large areas are broken and displaced vertically.
The uplifted blocks are termed as horsts and the lowered blocks are called graben.
The Rhine valley and the Vosges mountain in Europe are examples of such
mountain systems.
Volcanic mountains are formed due to volcanic activity. Mt.Kilimanjaro in Africa
and Mt.Fujiyama in Japan are examples of such mountains.
Q Source:
14 Which of the following you can use to form a real image of the Sun on a paper?
A. Convex mirror and Concave lens
B. Convex lens and Concave mirror
C. Convex and Concave lens
D. Convex and Concave mirror
User Answer : B
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
A convex lens converges (bends inward) the light
generally falling on it. Therefore, it is called a converging lens. On the other hand, a
concave lens diverges (bends outward) the light and is called a diverging lens.
Explanation & Learning :
The opposite is true in case of mirrors, i.e. concave mirror will converge light falling
on it, and convex mirror will diverge the same.
Q Source:
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The GEF also serves as financial mechanism for the following conventions:
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The GEF also manages two separate adaptation-focused funds under the
UNFCCC the Least Developed Countries Fund and the Special Climate Change
Fund which mobilize funding specifically earmarked for activities related to
adaptation.
Q
http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/indias-gr
Improvisation:http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/indias-gr
eat-barrier-reef/
Source:
Option (c) can also be eliminated as no path prescribes self-inflicted pain to attain
salvation.
Option (d) was the path of the Buddha. So, this can be eliminated too.
The word Siddha in Siddhacharas should then straight lead you to option (a).
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AS
They advocated renunciation of the world. To them the path to salvation lay in
meditation on the formless Ultimate Reality and the realisation of oneness with it.
To achieve this they advocated intense training of the mind and body through
practices like yogasanas, breathing exercises and meditation.
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These groups became particularly popular among low castes. Their criticism of
conventional religion created the ground for devotional religion to become a popular
force in northern India.
Page 110: Chapter 8: Our Pasts-II
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The central theme of RE-Invest is to attract large scale investments for the
renewable energy sector in India.
The aim of the meet is to evolve innovative financial models for funding and to
ensure the partnership of states and the Centre in harnessing renewable energy.
Germany is the partner country for Re-Invest 2015.
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http://www.narendramodi.in/pms-address-at-the-inauguration-of-re-invest-2
015-the-first-renewable-energy-global-investors-meet-and-expo-7260
Source:
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Moreover, you can clearly discard option (b) as Mahayana Buddhism started
spreading a little later, and it would be impossible for Ashvaghosha to comment on
them in his book published before.
Buddhacharita is an epic poem in the Sanskrit mahakavya style on the life
of Gautama Buddha by Avaghoa, composed in the early second century CE
Learning:
Q Source:
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Other options can be eliminated as it does not confirm to the definition of a cartel.
A cartel is a collection of businesses or countries that act together as a
single producer and agree to influence prices for certain goods and services by
controlling production and marketing. A cartel has less power than a monopoly.
This is because cartels do not control the entire market, as monopolists usually do.
Learning:
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OPEC was formed when the international oil market was largely dominated by a
group of multinational companies known as the 'seven sisters'. The formation of
OPEC represented a collective act of sovereignty by oil exporting nations, and
marked a turning point in state control over natural resources.
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OPEC's mandate is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies" of its members
and to "ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient,
economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to
producers, and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry.
In 2014 OPEC comprised twelve members: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq,
Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and
Venezuela.
Improvisation:
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/commodities/arab-opec-producers-br
ace-for-oilprice-weakness-for-rest-of-2015/article7600332.ece
Q Source:
21 Which of the following factors were responsible for the crisis in Mughal empire towards
the end of 17th century?
1. Depletion of military and financial resources in wars with Deccan during
Aurangzeb's tenure
2. Growing power of Mansabdars
3. Peasant and zamindari rebellions
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 only
D. All of the above
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
In statement 3, peasant revolts were sometimes caused by the
Explanation:
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Learning:
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The Mughals did not follow any definite law of succession. After the death of
every emperor, there ensued a bloody war of succession amongst his sons.
The successors of Aurangzeb were both weak and incompetent. This reduced
the effectiveness of imperial administration.
New powers such as the Sikhs, Jats and Marathas came onto the scene.
Gradually they broke off from the Mughal domination and established their
own independent states.
Governors (subadars) often controlled the offices of revenue and military
administration (diwani and faujdari) as well. This gave them extraordinary
political, economic and military powers over vast regions of the Mughal
Empire. As the governors consolidated their control over the provinces, the
periodic remission of revenue to the capital declined.
The Europeans, especially the British, by way of diwani rights; fortification
etc played an important role in putting an end to the Mughal Empire.
The invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali proved fatal for the
Mughal Empire
Learning:
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http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-16/news/65525479_1
_public-sector-banks-rating-agency-crisil-raman-uberoi
Source:
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When the soil is too acidic, it is treated with bases like quick lime (calcium oxide) or
slaked lime (calcium hydroxide). If the soil is basic, organic matter is added to it.
Organic matter releases acids which neutralises the basic nature of the soil.
Q Source:
24 Quartz clocks display time more precisely than ordinary mechanical clocks. Which of
the following mechanisms explainsthe working of the quartz clock?
A. Oscillation of the quartz crystal recorded electronically
B. Replacement of ordinary metal gears by more efficient quartz gears
C. Use of an electronic transition frequency in the electromagnetic region
D. Counting radio pulses emitted by quartz crystals
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : A
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Answer Justification :
Option (b) is not used in quartz clocks, hence wrong. Option (c) is
used in atomic clocks, hence wrong. Option (d) is used in pulsar clocks, hence also
wrong.
Explanation:
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Learning :
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The electronic circuit is an oscillator, an amplifier whose output passes through the
quartz resonator, and that is how the clock counts time.
Q Source:
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A possible reason for India not signing the Refugee convention may be
that a protection framework will encourage refugee inflow in India putting pressure
on resources. South-Asian borders are also very porous and any conflict can result in
a mass movement of people.
Learning:
AS
However, India does protect refugees. The Indian refugee protection framework is
based on executive decisions; judicial pronouncements; and international
conventions (1984 Convention against torture which prevents forcible repatriation of
refugees). For e.g. under the RTA, even refugees can claim right to education. They
are also entitled to public health facilities; justice systems etc.
http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/bePZQScFIq1wEWv9Tqt4QO/Why-Indi
a-wont-sign-Refugee-Treaty.html
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Source:
Demand for shahtoosh, which is used to make luxury shawls, has pushed the Tibetan
antelope to the brink of extinction. The wool is so fine, the shawls can be pulled
through a wedding ring.
However, the antelope must be killed for the fur to be collected, and it takes around
4 chiru to make a single shawl.
Shahtoosh shawls were traditionally given as wedding gifts in India. Despite strict
controls on trade of shahtoosh products and CITES listing, there is still demand for
these luxury items. Within India, shawls are worth $1,000-$5,000, internationally
the price can reach as high as $20,000.
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Freezing a mixture is reversible, as well as, its properties does not change. So,
statement 2 is incorrect.
The same applies to a blotting paper. By absorbing the ink, its physical properties or
composition has not changed. So, statement 3 is incorrect.
Properties such as shape, size, colour and state of a substance are called
its physical properties. A change in which a substance undergoes a change in its
physical properties is called a physical change. A physical change is generally
reversible. In such a change no new substance is formed.
Learning :
On the other hand, a change in which one or more new substances are formed is
called a chemical change. A medicine is the end product of a chain of chemical
reactions. Useful new materials, such as plastics and detergents, are produced by
chemical reactions.
Q Source:
28 Which of the following is implied by the Right to Equality given under the Indian
Constitution?
1. All citizens will be treated alike by the state irrespective of their social
circumstances.
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All citizens are not treated alike by the state. For e.g. disabled and
transgender are provided reservation in public jobs and social security. This is much
greater than that provided to normal public. There are numerous examples of
positive discrimination (SCs, STs, women etc). Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect.
Explanation :
The state can discriminate reasonably when it comes to public employment. For e.g.
a state government can prescribe domicile requirement for local jobs. But,
unreasonable discrimination (e.g. on the basis of religion) is not allowed. So,
statement 2 is correct.
Same legal provisions do not apply to all citizens. For e.g. women cannot be called
to police station for inquiry in night; men can be. Punishment for sexual abuse is
more severe for a civil servant than for a normal citizen. Take another example, civil
servants cannot be dismissed without giving them a chance to be heard. The same is
not true for all government employees. So, statement 3 is incorrect.
Therefore, Right to equality does not mean complete equality. It simply means
absence of unreasonable discrimination.
Learning & Q Source:
29 Which of these modern cities are also important Archaeological Palaeolithic sites?
1. Kolkata
2. Mumbai
3. Mumbai
4. Bengaluru
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 and 2 only
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B. 3 only
C. 1 only
D. None of the above
User Answer :
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
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Statement 2 is also incorrect as there is no such site in Mumbai, but Inamgaon (an
archaeological site) is close to Mumbai. Hunsgi is a Palaeolithic site near Bengaluru,
but more than 300 Kms apart.
Archaeologists name the periods that they are studying. They call the
earliest period the Palaeolithic. The Palaeolithic period extends from 2 million years
ago to about 12,000 years ago. This long stretch of time is divided into the Lower,
Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. This long span of time covers 99% of human
history.
Learning:
Q Source:
Fa Xian, came to the Indian subcontinent about 1600 years ago. Xuan
Zang (who came around 1400 years ago) and I-Qing, came about 50 years after
Xuan Zang. They came to visit places associated with the life of the Buddha as well
as famous monasteries.
Explanation:
Xuan Zang carried back with him statues of the Buddha made of gold,
Learning:
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silver and sandalwood, and over 600 manuscripts. He spent the rest of his life
translating the remaining manuscripts from Sanskrit into Chinese.
Q Source:
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Xuan Zang, and other pilgrims spent time studying in Nalanda, (Bihar) the most
famous Buddhist monastery of the period. This helped Buddhism spread to China,
and South-East Asia.
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31 Which states/UTs in India have both tropical deciduous and tropical evergreen forests?
1. Karnataka
2. Chhattisgarh
3. Andaman and Nicobar islands
4. Odisha
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 1, 3 and 4 only
D. 2, 3 and 4 only
User Answer : C
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
Explanation:
4 is correct.
Decidous can be further found in Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chattisgarh, AP, Kerala,
Karnataka, MP, TN etc.
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Q Source:
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32 In a metropolitan city, who is the authority to usually decide where a public park should
be established?
A. CEO, Zila Parishad
B. District Collector
C. Local MLAs Committee
D. Ward Councillors
User Answer : A
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
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District Collector in a metropolitan area does not enjoy as many powers as he does
in a small town or a village. Municipal Corporation enjoys greater authority in
allocating public resources in a metropolitan city. Therefore, option (b) is incorrect.
There is no official local MLAs committee as such. Even if the MLAs were to form
such committee, they can only recommend establishing a public park. The final
decision would rst with the Ward Councillors. So, option (c) is also incorrect.
The city is divided into different wards and ward councillors get elected.
The complicated decisions that affect the entire city are taken by groups of
councillors who form committees to decide and debate issues. For example, if bus
stands need to be improved, or a crowded market-place needs to have its garbage
cleared more regularly, or there is a drain that cuts through the city that needs
cleaning etc. It is these committees for water, garbage collection, street lighting etc.
that decide on the work to be done.
Learning:
When the problems are within a ward then the people who live in the ward can
contact their councillors. For example, if there are dangerous electrical wires
hanging down then the local Councillor can help them get in touch with the
electricity authority.
While the Councillor's Committees and the councillors decide on issues, the
Commissioner and the administrative staff implement these. The Commissioner and
the administrative staff are appointed. Councillors are elected.
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DTAA aims at avoiding taxing a company doubly by both the host nation and the
home nation. For e.g. Microsoft is a US based company also operating in India. If
both countries charge it at the normal corporate tax rates, the company will end up
paying at least 60% of its profits as taxes. To avoid this situation, countries enter
into DTAA and agree for a reasonable mutual division of taxes.
The term tax haven has been widely used since the 1950s. However,
there is no precise definition of the term. Mauritius, cayman Islands etc are counted
as Tax havens. Some common characteristics are:
Learning:
typically small countries/ jurisdictions, with low or nil taxation for foreigners
who decide to come and settle there
Offer strong confidentiality or secrecy regarding wealth and accounts,
making them very attractive locations for safe keeping of unaccounted wealth
offer a very liberal regulatory environment and allow opaque existence,
where an entity can easily be set up without indulging in any meaningful
commercial activity and yet claim to be a genuine business unit, merely by
getting itself incorporated or registered in that jurisdiction.
lack of adequate capital controls
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http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Seychelles-No-Longer-a-Tax-Ha
ven-for-Indians/2015/08/27/article2995261.ece
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34 Disinfection of Drinking Water in Rural Areas can be done with the help of which of
the following natural herbs?
1. Neem
2. Tulsi
3. Garlic
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 2 only
User Answer : C
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
Conventional disinfectants may not be used costeffectively in rural areas, especially where awareness and income levels are low.
Explanation & Learning :
These traditional disinfectants can be substituted with natural low cost herbs. There
is now substantial evidence of their effectiveness in treating contaminated water.
However, this does not displace the use of other disinfectants.
See the link http://www.ijerd.com/paper/vol5-issue10/B05100710.pdf
Q Source:
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Local bureaucracy cannot dictate terms to a body of voters who elect the Panchayat.
The duty of the bureaucracy is to help the Gram Sabha in the discharge of its duties.
So, option (d) is also wrong.
The Gram Sabha is a meeting of all adults who live in the area covered
by a Panchayat. This could be only one village or a few villages. In some states, as
in the example above, a village meeting is held for each village.
AS
Learning:
Anyone who is 18 years old or more and who has the right to vote is a member of
the Gram Sabha.
Chapter 5: Social and Political life I
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Option (b) can also be eliminated as Pandyas were based on the bank of the river
Thamirabarani in Tirunelveli.
Chera dynasty occupied land between the river Perar and river Periyar. So, you can
eliminate option (d) as it does not related to Kaveri as mentioned in statement 2.
Therefore, you need not know all the statements in order to answer a question.
Under Emperor Rajaraja Chola I and his successors Rajendra Chola I,
Rajadhiraja Chola, Virarajendra Chola and Kulothunga Chola I the dynasty became
a military, economic and cultural power in South and Southeast Asia.
Learning:
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The power of the new empire was proclaimed to the eastern world by the expedition
to the Ganges in northern India which Rajendra Chola I undertook and by the
occupation of cities of the maritime empire of Srivijaya in Southeast Asia, as well as
by the repeated embassies to China. The Chola fleet represented the zenith of
ancient Indian sea power.
Improvisation: Chapter 6: Our pasts-II
Q Source:
Trade winds are confined the area near equator, whereas Westerlies and Easterlies
blow even beyond the sub-tropics. So, both options (b) and (d) are wrong.
Learning:
1. Permanent winds The trade winds, westerlies and easterlies are the
permanent winds. These blow constantly throughout the year in a particular
direction.
2. Seasonal winds These winds change their direction in different seasons. For
e.g. monsoons in India.
3. Local winds These blow only during a particular period of the day or year
in a small area. For example, land and sea breeze; Loo in India.
Q Source:
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User Answer : B
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Explanation:
wrong.
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The wind flow mentioned in options (c) and (d) do not correspond to any
Monsoonal activity in India. So, both are wrong.
During the onset and advance of monsoon winds blow from Arabian Sea
and Bay of Bengal towards the land. They carry moisture with them. When these
winds strike the mountain barriers, rainfall occurs.
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Learning:
During the season of retreating Monsoon, winds move back from the mainland to
the Bay of Bengal. The southern parts of India, particularly Tamil Nadu and Andhra
Pradesh receive rainfall in this season.
Q Source:
Along with Afghanistan in the Golden Crescent, it has been one of the most
extensive opium-producing areas of Asia and of the world since the 1950s.
The Golden Triangle designates the confluence of the Ruak River and the Mekong
River, since the term has been appropriated by the Thai tourist industry to describe
the nearby border tripoint of Thailand, Laos and Myanmar.
Q
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http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-fact-in-tale-of-drugs-guns-reas
on-why-end-of-war-might-not-mean-peace-for-myanmar/
Source:
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Shrenis or Ancient Indian guilds are a unique and multifaceted form of organisation, which combined the functions of a democratic
government, a trade union, a court of justice and a technological institution.
Explanation & Learning:
Many crafts persons and merchants formed these associations. These shrenis of
crafts persons provided training, procured raw material, and distributed the finished
product. Then shrenis of merchants organised the trade.
Shrenis also served as banks, where rich men and women deposited money. This
was invested, and part of the interest was returned or used to support religious
institutions such as monasteries.
41 Lithosphere includes
1. Oceans
2. Mountains
3. Plateaus
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. All of the above
User Answer : B
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
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Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth. It is made
up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil. It is an irregular surface
with various landforms such as mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, etc.
Learning:
Other spheres include hydrosphere, atmosphere, and the combination of all i.e.
biosphere.
Page 3: Chapter 1: Our Environment
Q Source:
42 Apart from Statecraft, Arthashastra, written by Chanakya, deals with which of the
following matters?
1. Division of natural resources between states
2. Military strategy
3. Economic policy
4. Issues of Welfare
5. Ethics
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 1, 4 and 5 only
C. 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
D. All of the above
User Answer : C
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
Statement 1 is wrong because Arthashastra did not deal with division
of natural resources; it occasionally dealt with how to best use these resources (e.g.
minerals, wildlife).
Explanation:
Statement 4 and 5 are correct as Arthashastra also explores issues of welfare (for
instance, redistribution of wealth during a famine) and the collective ethics that hold
a society together. It also deals with ethics of economics (e.g. equity in wealth
distribution) and the duties and obligations of a king.
"Arthashastra" is translated to "the science of wealth," but the book
Arthashastra has a broader scope. Part of the book explains how to manage the
economy in the Maurya Empire. Beyond these sections on statecraft, the book
outlines an entire legal and bureaucratic administration of a kingdom. These sections
Learning:
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include descriptive cultural details on topics such as mineralogy, mining and metals,
agriculture, animal husbandry, medicine and the use of wildlife.
Wikipedia: Improvisation: Page 95: Chapter 9: Our Pasts-I
Q Source:
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43 The inscriptions of the Pallavas mention a number of local assemblies. One of them was
'Ur'. It was found in areas where
A. military and police controlled village assemblies
B. land owners were not Brahmins
C. nagaram (city) was an organization of merchants
D. Both (b) and
User Answer :
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
The ur was a village assembly found in areas where the land owners
were not Brahmins, and the nagaram was an organisation of merchants. It is likely
that these assemblies were controlled by rich and powerful landowners and
merchants. Many of these local assemblies continued to function for centuries.
Learning:
Other assemblies mentioned in the inscriptions usually include the sabha, which
was an assembly of brahmin land owners. This assembly functioned through
subcommittees, which looked after irrigation, agricultural operations, making roads,
local temples etc.
Chapter 11: Our Pasts-I
Q Source:
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to conserve water. The hardwood trees found in these forests are sal, teak, neem and
shisham. Hardwood trees are extremely useful for making furniture, transport and
constructional materials. Tigers, lions, elephants, langoors and monkeys are the
common animals of these regions.Q Source: Our Environment: page 40: Chapter 6
45 The term 'Silk Route' comes from
A. a route which Turks and Mongols used to conquer South Asia
B. the ancient route taken by European messengers to come to Eastern dynasties
C. an ancient travel route to East Asia taken by the Buddhist travellers
D. the ancient trade route which was spread across China to Mediterranean Sea
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
: It is clear and straightforward question. Silk industry
began in China and was kept a closely guarded secret for hundreds of years. Later
on, traders and travellers introduced silk to other countries. The route they travelled
is still called the 'silk route'.
Explanation & Learning :
It is also an ancient network of trade and cultural transmission routes that were
central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the
West and East by merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers
from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time.
In June 2014 UNESCO designated the Chang'an-Tianshan corridor of the Silk Road
as a World Heritage Site.
Q Source:
Explanation:
not 2015.
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Theme for 2015 was Seven Billion Dreams; One Planet; Consume with Care.
World Environment Day (WED) is celebrated every year on 5 June to
raise global awareness to take positive environmental action to protect nature and
the planet Earth. It is run by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
Learning:
AS
It was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972 on the day that
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment began.
The theme for 2014 was:-'Small Islands and Climate Change',
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to this layer.
Thermosphere, i.e. option (c) cant be the answer as Ozone is not found here.
Moreover, here temperature increases with height.
All weather phenomena take place in Troposphere. Thus, option (b) cant also be the
answer.
Ozone which protects us from UV rays is found here. Stratosphere is also
stratified in temperature, with warmer layers higher up and cooler layers farther
down. This is in contrast to the troposphere near the Earth's surface, which is cooler
higher up and warmer farther down.
Learning:
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km altitude above the surface, while at the poles it starts at about 8 km altitude, and
near the equator it may start at altitudes as high as 18 km.
Q Source:
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Refraction, reflection, and total internal reflection of light do take place in the
process, but they do not explain the entire phenomenon of rainbow phenomenon. So,
option (a) is the most appropriate.
Since the phenomenon needs to be described at length (and it is
important for UPSC), refer to any of the links below.
Learning :
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/question52.htm
http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/experiments/exp/colours-in-cds/
Q Source:
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Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
Indias foreign exchangereserves was at US$ 350 billion as in
September 2015 mainly comprised foreign currency assetsamounting about 92.5 per
cent of the total. So, option (a) is correct.
Explanation:
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India's foreign exchange reserves comprise foreign currency assets, gold and special
drawing rights allocated to it by the International Monetary Fund (IMF)in addition
to the reserves it has parked with the fund.
Foreign exchange reserves are held and managed by the RBI.
Q
Improvisation:http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/forex/indias-fo
Improvisation:http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/forex/indias-fo
rex-reserves-falls-2-billion-to-below-350-billion-again/articleshow/49195937.cms
Source:
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Q Source:
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51 A meander loop cuts off from the river and forms an ox-bow lake. How is the lake
formed?
A. Lateral erosion of all banks
B. River bed erosion
C. Continuous erosion and deposition on the sides of the meander
D. Deposition on all banks
User Answer : C
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
For e.g. when a river rushes into a bend, there is likely to be erosion of one bank,
and deposition on the opposite one. This is because velocity of water on the two
sides of bank is different. Where velocity is more, erosion takes place, and where it
is less deposition takes place.
Option (b) is also wrong, as river bed erosion does not solely lead to the formation
of ox-bow lakes. However, it is true that the silt carried by the river is due to this
bed erosion only.
As the river enters the plain it twists and turns forming large bends
known as meanders. Due to continuous erosion and deposition along the sides of the
meander, the ends of the meander loop come closer and closer. In due course of time
the meander loop cuts off from the river and forms a cut-off lake, also called an oxbow lake.
Learning:
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Explanation:
Heat conduction is done by contact of air with surface of earth, not by carbon
dioxide. So, option (c) is also wrong.
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It does not also capture UV rays (that is done by Ozone layer). So, option (d) is
wrong.
Most of the light energy from the sun is emitted in wavelengths shorter than 4,000
nanometers. The heat energy released from the earth, however, is released in
wavelengths longer than 4,000 nanometers. Carbon dioxide doesn't absorb the
energy from the sun, but it does absorb some of the heat energy released from the
earth.
When a molecule of carbon dioxide absorbs heat energy, it goes into an excited
unstable state. It can become stable again by releasing the energy it absorbed. Some
of the released energy will go back to the earth and some will go out into space.
So in effect, carbon dioxide lets the light energy in, but doesn't let all of the heat
energy out, similar to a greenhouse.
Q Source:
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Answer Justification :
Earth's hydrological cycle is only partly responsible for the weather.
For e.g. rainfall pattern, movements of ocean water etc. So, option (a) is incorrect.
Explanation:
AS
Primordial heat inside the earth manifests itself in form of moving molten magma
inside the earth. This however is responsible for tectonic and geo-morphological
processes, not weather phenomenon. So, option (b) is also wrong.
Rotation of earth does cause wind movements; change of day and night; distribution
of heat on earth etc. However, it does not explain several other phenomena such as
seasons on earth; extreme heat and cold in Poles etc. So, option (c) is also incorrect.
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Suns energy causes all these, and is ultimately responsible for life and activity on
earth, which also subsumes weather phenomena. Hence, option (d) is the answer.
sun is the primary source of energy that causes changes in the weather.
Energy absorbed and reflected by the earths surface, oceans and the atmosphere
play important roles in determining the weather at any place.
Learning :
Most of the things that have been found by archaeologists are made of
stone, shell and metal, including copper, bronze, gold and silver. Copper and bronze
were used to make tools, weapons, ornaments and vessels. Gold and silver were
used to make ornaments and vessels. Copper was probably sourced from presentLearning:
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Q Source:
1 is wrong.
Button cell batteries use Mercury, not Laptop batteries. So, statement
Mercury is a highly toxic element that can harm the brain, kidney, and
lungs. As the only element or metal that is liquid at room temperature, it is used in
many common household products and fixtures. Mercury can enter our bodies
through our lungs and skin, or more commonly, by eating mercury-contaminated
fish.
Learning :
56 Burning coal generates fly ash which contains several toxic pollutants. These include
1. Lead
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40
User Name :
Total Marks :
Mark Scored :
TEST-1
Zinc
Arsenic
Plutonium
Cadmium
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 2, 3 and 5 only
C. 1, 4 and 5 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
AS
2.
3.
4.
5.
zak et al
200
89.67
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Studies on people residing near coal-based power plants along the border of Uttar
Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh have revealed unsafe levels of mercury in their blood
samples, at times as high as 110 parts per billion. Similarly, studies around a coal
power plant in the Punjab have indicated widespread radioactive contamination of
the environment, impacting the health of pregnant women and children.
Q
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/aug/07/coal-is-not-the-an
swer-to-indias-energy-poverty-whatever-tony-abbott-says
Source:
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behind the mirror as the object is in front of it. So, if your distance from the mirror is
1m, image will be formed 1m behind the mirror.
This is because the plane mirror does not bend light as other spherical mirrors do. It
simply reflects and projects it.
Q Source:
Learning:
Q Source:
https://ndma.gov.in/images/pdf/COMPENDIUM-OF-LAWS-ON-DISASTER-MAN
AGEMENT.pdf
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In 1860s, when railway lines were being laid down for the first time in the
Punjab, engineers stumbled upon the site of Harappa in present-day Pakistan.
Learning:
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Then, in 1930s archaeologists found the site, and realised that this was one of the
oldest cities in the subcontinent. As this was the first city to be discovered, all other
sites from where similar buildings (and other things) were found were described as
Harappan. These cities developed about 4700 years ago.
Page 32: Chapter 4: Our Pasts- I
Q Source:
At the annual Maramadi festival during the post harvest season in the villages of
Kerala in southern India, a peculiar bull race takes place. It usually coincides with
the Onam celebrations.
Q
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/action-against-cr
uelty-to-animals/article6817768.ece
Source:
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Not-just-Jallikattu-Kalapoottu-is-alsobanned-Kerala-HC/articleshow/48875389.cms
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Lava is fiery red molten magma coming out from the interior of the earth
on its surface. When this molten lava comes on the earths surface, it rapidly cools
down and becomes solid. Rocks formed in such a way on the crust are called
extrusive igneous rocks. They have a very fine grained structure. For example,
basalt. The Deccan plateau is made up of basalt rocks.
Learning:
Sometimes the molten magma cools down deep inside the earths crust. Solid rocks
so formed are called intrusive igneous rocks. Since they cool down slowly they form
large grains. Granite is an example of such a rock.
Page 8: Chapter 1: Our Environment
Q Source:
62 What would happen if the earth revolved around the Sun, but did not rotate?
1. South Pole would always be in darkness.
2. Half of the population living on equator would freeze out of cold.
3. Heat and wind circulation on earth will be affected.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 3 only
C. 2 only
D. All of the above
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
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Even if the Earth did not rotate, South and North Pole would be sunlit
for six months each. Same is true of equator. So, both statements 1 and 2 are wrong.
Explanation:
Seasons on earth are caused due to a) tilt of the earth; and b) revolution
of earth around the Sun. Notice this in the diagram above.
Learning:
Q Source:
AS
If the earth stopped rotating, it would affect day and night cycle; coriolis force (thus
affecting wind circulation). Wind is responsible for circulating heat across the earth.
So, heat distribution will also be affected. Thus, statement 3 is correct.
Chapter 3: The Earth Our Habitat
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63 Consider the following matches of geographical features with the region they are found
in.
1. Angel Falls : Venezuela
2. Victoria Falls : Canada
3. Niagra Falls : Zambia
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 2 only
User Answer :
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
The highest waterfall is Angel Falls of Venezuela in
South America. So, statement 1 is correct.
Explanation & Learning:
The other waterfalls are Niagara falls located on the border between Canada and
USA in North America; and Victoria Falls on the borders of Zambia and Zimbabwe
in Africa. Thus, statements (b) and (c) are incorrect.
Page 15: Chapter 3: Our Environment
Q Source:
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TEST-1
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Education comes under concurrent list in 7th schedule. So, a state government may
revise a decision on which the Central government does not have an overarching
decision. So, statement 1 is correct.
Irrigation; agriculture; Taxes on the consumption or sale of electricity etc come
under the State list; and electricity comes under the Concurrent List in 7th schedule.
So, state government is authorized under the Constitution to provide free electricity
to farmers.
Q Source:
65 The decline in inflation during the present financial year has turned out to be much
faster than was anticipated. What factors have led to the decline in inflation?
1. Decline in crude oil prices
2. Soft global prices of tradables like coal and edible oil
3. Tight monetary policy
4. Steep appreciation of rupee
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 1 and 4 only
C. 1, 2 and 3 only
D. 2 and 4 only
User Answer : B
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
Explanation:
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As crude oil prices declined, Indias import bill fell down, which
46
TEST-1
reduced fiscal deficit (subsidies) and domestic prices in India. This reduced inflation
to a great extent. So, statement 1 is correct.
Due to competitive global markets, soft global prices led to reduction in Indian
domestic prices. So, statement 2 is also correct.
AS
Tight monetary policy contained the growth of money supply in India, which helped
the moderation of inflation and inflationary expectations. Thus, statement 3 is also
correct.
However, rupee did not appreciate. It only became more stable since the beginning
of the year. Therefore, statement 4 is wrong.
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Inflation can also occur when the economy 'overheats' because of excess aggregate
demand (this is called demand-pull inflation). The causes of disinflation are the
opposite, either a decrease in the growth rate of the money supply, or a business
cycle contraction (recession).
If the central bank of a country enacts tighter monetary policy, that is to say, the
government start selling its securities, this reduces the supply of money in an
economy. This contraction of the monetary policy is known as quantitative
tightening technique.
You can read more in the article below.
Q
http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/no-proof-required-why-inf
lation-fell/
Source:
66 If you travel from Manali to Rohtang, which of the following vegetations are you likely
to come across?
1. Rhododendron
2. Figs
3. Silver oaks
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
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47
A. 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1 only
User Answer :
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
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At lower altitudes, Chir pines is found. As you trek higher, deodars and
silver oaks can be found.
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Learning:
Rhododendron is present in abundance near the Rohtang pass. You can also find at
least 24 species of Medicinal value there.
Improvisation: Our Environment: page 39: Chapter 6
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/225385733_Species_diversity_and_populat
ion_status_of_threatened_plants_in_different_landscape_elements_of_the_Rohtang
_Pass_western_Himalaya
Q Source:
If you know that Pir Panjal is the further South than both Zanskar and
Karakoram, you can easily choose option (a).
Explanation:
We have marked the ranges in YELLOW and BLUE in the map below.
Q Source:
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AS
their crops
B. Farmers could not find time from agriculture to devote to a new religion.
C. Farmers were relatively poor and thus could not follow many Jain practices.
D. Most of the farmers belonged to the higher caste which resisted egalitarian
ideas suggested by Jainism.
User Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
Option (b) is vague and unreasonable.
Explanation:
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Option (c) is not true as Jaina practices involved asceticism, and not expensive
rituals/sacrifices which farmers could not perform. Moreover, the assertion that
farmers were relatively poor can be disputed.
Option (d) is also incorrect as most famers rarely belonged to higher castes. Even
some higher castes had welcomes Jain ideas.
Non-violence was at the core of Jainism as it believed all beings desire to
live. All things in the Universe were living. Thus, to kill any was considered
retrogressive to ones spiritual progress. Farmers could hardly adhere to the doctrine
as they must do agriculture, which involved cutting crops; killing insects, to sustain
themselves.
Learning:
Q Source:
Option (c) is also wrong as Palaeolithic period corresponds to the earliest periods of
human history. PGW was non-existent then.
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Option (d) is wrong as Bronze age refers to the period 3000-1300 BCE, whereas
PGW refer to 1200-230 BCE also known as Iron age.
PGW are extremely fine to touch, with a nice, smooth surface. Perhaps
these were used on special occasions, for important people, and to serve special
food. PGW culture is contemporary to, and a successor of the Black and red ware
culture.
AS
Learning:
Q Source:
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70 In a pure flexible exchange rate system, foreign exchange reserves of India will increase
necessarily if
A. Balance of Payments (BoP) is in surplus
B. Current Account Deficit (CAD) is in surplus
C. Trade is in surplus
D. Capital account is in surplus
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
BoP is composed of current account as well as capital
account. Current account deficit is shown as CAD which comprises of trade
surplus/deficit; invisibles surplus/deficit, remittances outflow/inflow etc.
Explanation & Learning:
Improvisation:http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/forex/indias-forex-reser
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ves-falls-2-billion-to-below-350-billion-again/articleshow/49195937.cms
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71 Why is air filled in the special protective suits of the Astronauts visiting moon?
A. There is no air and thus no air pressure at moon
B. To protect them from the extreme heat on the surface of moon.
C. To overcome the effect of gravity on body fluid circulation
D. To save themselves from harmful radiation coming from the moon
User Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
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Explanation:
Option (c) is also incorrect, as the air in the suit will not protect them against the
effects of gravity. The astronauts can floateven after wearing protective suits.
Moons surface does not emit any harmful radiation as such. So, option (d) is wrong.
The air pressure is zero at Moon. If astronauts did not wear these space
suits, the counter pressure exerted by the body of the astronauts would make the
blood vessels burst. The astronauts would bleed.
Learning:
Q Source:
72 At the village level there are health centres where there is usually a nurse and a village
health worker. It is known as
A. Sub-centre Health
B. Primary Heath Centre (PHC)
C. Community Health Centre (CHC)
D. Sub-divisional hospital
User Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
PHC usually serves a group of villages and a population of
3,000-5,000. PHC supervises sub-centres which usually exist at village level. So,
option (b) is wrong.
Explanation :
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Community Health Centre is for a large group of villages usually serving a larger
population of around 15-20,000 people. It is not dedicated to a village. It supervises
3-5 PHCs. So, option (c) is also wrong.
Sub-divisional hospitals exist at the sub-division level, which is one level lower than
the District Hospital. So, option (d) is also wrong.
AS
The public health service is a chain of health centres and hospitals run by
the government. They are linked together so that they cover both rural and urban
areas and can also provide treatment to all kinds of problems from common
illnesses to special services.
Learning:
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At the village level there are health centres (sub-centres) where there is usually a
nurse and a village health worker. They are trained in dealing with common
illnesses and work under the supervision of doctors at the Primary Health Centre
(PHC).
Such a centre covers many villages in a rural area. At the district level is the District
Hospital that also supervises all the health centres.
Therefore the hierarchy of Indian PHS is as follows: Sub-centre<PHC<CHC<Subdivisional Hospital<District Hospital
Q Source:
However, in a monarchy, the monarch (king or queen) has the power to make
decisions and run the government. The monarch may have a small group of people
to discuss matters with but the final decision-making power remains with the
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TEST-1
monarch.
Unlike in a democracy, kings and queens do not have to explain their actions or
defend the decisions they take.
Page 31: Social and Political life I
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Q Source:
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thus incorrect.
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AS
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Option (a) is incorrect as fundamental rights do not envisage a perfect life; DPSP
may do so in a sense.
Option (b) is also incorrect, as fundamental rights are generally given by the
Constitution.
The Fundamental Rights are defined as basic human freedoms that every
Indian citizen has the right to enjoy for a proper and harmonious development of
personality. These rights universally apply to all citizens, irrespective of race, place
of birth, religion, caste or gender.
Learning:
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Q Source:
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wrong.
Nilgiri langur is only a vulnerable primate as per IUCN. Hence, option (a) is also
wrong.
Slow Loris is not endemic to Western Ghats, and instead found in NE India,
Bangladesh and SE Asia. So, option (d) is also wrong.
However, all are primates, not necessarily rare and threatened.
It is a good climber and spends majority of its life in the upper canopy of tropical
moist evergreen forests. Unlike other macaques, it avoids humans.
Their range has become increasingly isolated and fragmented by the spread of
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agriculture and tea, coffee, teak and cinchona, construction of water reservoirs for
irrigation and power generation, and human settlements to support such activities.
They do not live, feed or travel through plantations. Destruction of their habitat and
their avoidance of human proximity have led to the drastic decrease of their
population.
Wikipedia: Improvisation: Page 76:Chapter 7: VIIth Science
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(a) is wrong.
When all in the same line, high (spring) tides are formed. So, option
Options (b) and (c) do not lead to low neap tides. Moreover, it is not possible for
earth to be centred between Sun and Moon.
The strong gravitational pullexerted by the sun and the moonon the
earths surface causes thetides. The water of the earth closerto the moon gets pulled
underthe influence of the moonsgravitational force and causes hightide.
Learning:
During the full moon and newmoon days, the sun, the moon andthe earth are in the
same line andthe tides are highest. These tidesare called spring tides. But whenthe
moon is in its first and lastquarter, the ocean waters get drawnin diagonally opposite
directions bythe gravitational pull of sun andearth resulting in low tides. Thesetides
are called neap tides.
Q Source:
79 Apart from Carbon dioxide, rain can become acidic due to which of the following?
1. Presence of lead in air
2. Sulphur dioxide
3. Nitrogen dioxide
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Explanation:
is wrong.
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4. Carbon monoxide
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1, 2 and 4 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 3 and 4 only
D. All of the above
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Lead cannot mix with water to produce acid rain. Hence, statement 1
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Carbon monoxide reacts with water vapour only at high temperatures, forming
carbon dioxide and hydrogen. So, statement 4 is also wrong, as no acid rain is
formed under normal conditions.
The rain becomes acidic because carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and
nitrogen dioxide (which are released into the air as pollutants) dissolve in rain drops
to form carbonic acid, sulphuric acid and nitric acid respectively. Acid rain can
cause damage to buildings, historical monuments, plants and animals.
Learning :
Q Source:
Learning :
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Root hair cells are outgrowths at a tip of the plants roots. The root hair
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increase the surface area of the root for the absorption of waterand mineral nutrients
dissolved inwater. The root hair is in contact withthe water present between the soil
particles.
Root hair cells can survive for 2 to 3 weeks and then die off,at the same time new
root hair cells are continually being formed at the tip of the root.
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When you face such questions in the UPSC exam, try to see simple solutions behind
the elaborate scheme of things.
Also, because Diarrhoea leads to excessive loss of water and fluids, ORS is
recommended.
Diarrhoea is characterized by frequent need to pass watery stool. It may
be caused by an infection, food poisoning or indigestion.
Learning :
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Q Source:
AS
82 Measuring land and keeping land records of a village is the main work of
A. Gram Sevak
B. Block Development Officer
C. Patwari
D. Panchayat Samiti
User Answer :
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
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Explanation :
Each Patwari is responsible for a group of villages. The Patwari maintains and
updates the records of the village. Measuring land and keeping land records is his
main work
The Patwari is also responsible for organising the collection of land revenue from
the farmers and providing information to the government about the crops grown in
this area.
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2. To enable diplomats to carry out their duties without obstruction in the Cold War
environment
Which of the above is/are true?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. None
User Answer :
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
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Explanation :
1961 Vienna Conventions says diplomats "shall enjoy immunity from the criminal
jurisdiction of the receiving state and also from its civil and administrative
jurisdiction.
The Vienna Convention classifies diplomats according to their posting in the
embassy, consular or international organisations such as the UN. A nation has only
one embassy per foreign country, usually in the capital, but may have multiple
consulate offices, generally in locations where many of its citizens live or visit.
Diplomats posted in an embassy get immunity, along with his or her family
members. While diplomats posted in consulates too get immunity, they can be
prosecuted in case of serious crimes, that is, when a warrant is issued. Besides, their
families don't share that immunity.
The Convention was meant to enable diplomats to carry out their duties without
obstruction in the Cold War environment.
Q Source:
http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/immunity-is-not-impunity/
84 Consider the following about Disinvestment in India.
1. India does not have any official 'Strategic Disinvestment policy'.
2. India does not have a dedicated Disinvestment department in Union government.
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http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-fact-the-gradual-evolution-of-i
ndias-disinvestment-policy/
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C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1 only
User Answer : B
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification : Explanation & Learning: In his autobiography, Gandhi calls
Gokhale his mentor and guide.In 1912, Gokhale visited South Africa at Gandhi's
invitation. As a young barrister, Gandhi returned from his struggles against the
Empire in South Africa and received personal guidance from Gokhale, including a
knowledge and understanding of India and the issues confronting common Indians.
Despite his deep respect for Gokhale, however, Gandhi would reject Gokhale's faith
in western institutions as a means of achieving political reform and ultimately chose
not to become a member of Gokhale's Servants of India Society.The Servants of
India Society was formed in Pune, Maharashtra, in 1905 by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
The Society organized many campaigns to promote education, sanitation, health
care and fight the social evils of untouchability and discrimination, alcoholism,
poverty, oppression of women and domestic abuse. The publication of The
Hitavada, the organ of the Society in English from Nagpur commenced in 1911. Q
Source: Improvisation:
http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/i-was-law-officer-no-3/
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Learning :
It is this weather condition that we call a cyclone. Factors like wind speed, wind
direction, temperature and humidity contribute to the development of cyclones.
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87 Why are Tsunamis relatively rare in Indian Ocean as compared to the Pacific Ocean?
1. Average wave height in Indian Ocean is shorter than in Pacific Ocean.
2. Seismic activity is less as compared to the Pacific.
Which of the above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. None
User Answer : C
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Average wave height is not associated with Tsunami. Tsunami is
related more with sudden movements of very large volumes of water. So, statement
1 is incorrect.
Explanation:
Q Source:
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88 If the US Federal reserve hikes interest rates in the US, how will it impact Indian
markets?
A. It will lead to greater capital flows in India.
B. It may lead to withdrawal of some hot money from India.
C. It may destabilize the banking system in India.
D. It will bring short-term stability to Indian money markets.
User Answer : B
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
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Explanation:
Indian banking system will not be affected by such short-term volatility in money or
Capital markets. So, option (c) is also incorrect.
The Federal Reserve kept rates near zero since 2008 financial crisis in a
bid to kick-start the US economy. The sustained low interest rate regime led to
outflow of money from US, and inflow of liquidity across the globe.
Learning:
If the Fed hikes rates, some foreign investors are expected to book profit in their
holdings in Indian shares and bonds; they will likely repatriate funds back to the US,
where buying high interest rate bearing bonds will become an attractive bet.
Q
http://www.financialexpress.com/article/markets/indian-markets/deferred-us
-fed-rate-hike-likely-to-soothe-jittery-investor-nerves-arrest-fii-outflow/137562/
Source:
89 Which of the following is/are NOT the reason(s) for decline of Blind Dolphin (Susu) in
Ganga river?
1. Inflow of untreated urban and industrial waste in Ganga
2. Loss of habitat due to the creation of dams and irrigation projects
3. Separation of Susu population due to construction of barrages
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Explanation:
The Ganges River dolphin, or susu, inhabits the Ganges-BrahmaputraMeghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems of Nepal, India, and Bangladesh. This
vast area has been altered by the construction of more than 50 dams and other
irrigation-related projects, with dire consequences for the river dolphins.
Learning:
90 Consider the following matches of sites with the states they are found in:
1. Mehrgarh : Punjab
2. Burzahom : Jammu and Kashmir
3. Hallur : Karnataka
Which of the above is/are correct matches?
A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 2 only
D. 1 and 3 only
User Answer : C
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
Match 1 is wrong as Mehrgarh is in Pakistan. It is located in a fertile
plain, near the Bolan Pass, which is one of the most important routes into Iran.
Explanation:
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92 Government has recently banned import of Ammonium nitrate in lose form. This is
because
A. It is an extremely dangerous explosive substance and posed a threat to
national security
B. It was sold without authorization from government
C. Untreated loose ammonium nitrate was excessively polluting the water bodies
D. It was recently classified as a hazardous chemical by the Central Pollution
Control Board
User Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
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Answer Justification :
Ammonium nitrate is often found in improvised explosive devices
(IEDs), or homemade bombs. So, option (a) is correct.
Explanation:
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AN is so dangerous that the Home Ministry, in its latest order, has made it
mandatory to make provision for two arm guards with GPS system to provide
security for vehicles transporting AN inside India.
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Learning:
Manual handling in loose form has chances of material loss and there is potential
risk to national security. Besides, ammonium nitrate, lying scattered on the wharf,
also poses risk of explosion like the recent one at port of Tianjin in China.
Q
http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/govt-bans-import-of-ammoniu
m-nitrate-in-loose-form/article7629926.ece
Source:
features.
With the decline of the Mughal Empire, many painters moved out to the courts of
the emerging regional states such as Rajasthan, Deccan and Himachal.
Moreover, Nadir Shahs invasion and the conquest of Delhi in 1739 resulted in the
migration of Mughal artists to the Himalayan foothills to escape the uncertainties of
the plains.
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Therefore, the modern-day state of Himachal Pradesh attracted artisans. By the late
seventeenth century this region had developed a bold and intense style of miniature
painting called Basohli.
AS
The most popular text to be painted here was Bhanudattas Rasamanjari. With the
help of patrons, Kangra school of painting was found here.
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For e.g. all tribe members are related by blood, and have their own political
organization with a chief exercising authority over all the members, even
recommending marriage of young boys with girls whom they have found suitable
for marriage.
Statement 3 is correct as social hierarchies like caste, class are generally not found
in tribes. However, it does not mean that all tribals are considered equal socially and
economically. For e.g. Tribal societies generally follow the rule of patriliny. There
are many strong cases of organised matriarchy in existence in the tribal zones to this
day. It is the women who organise matters such as relationships and marriages, the
inheritance of land, and the distribution of wealth.
You can read
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adivasi#Tribal_classification_criteria_and_demands
for more understanding.
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95 Which of the following facts is NOT associated with Indus Valley civilization?
A. They practiced domestication of animals.
B. They used water storage structures.
C. They worshipped rivers and forests as their deity.
D. They practiced pottery and sculptures.
User Answer : C
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
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Statement 2 is correct as great bath; and other storage structures were used by the
community.
Statement 3 is incorrect as there is no such evidence. We do not have any Happran
scripture which can testify the claim. However, they did have deities like Pashupati
which they even inscribed on seals.
Statement 4 is correct as several sculptures such as dancing girl; meditative man etc
were found in excavations.
Chapter 4: Our pasts I
Q Source:
This will create gainful employment for lakhs of persons, mostly educated youth,
over the course of next four to five years.
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Life Insurance Corp. of India (LIC) will be a partner and co-investor in the fund.
The second fund is a debt fund called SIDBI Make in India Loan for Enterprises
(SMILE), which was announced in the Union budget in February. The fund will
provide soft term loans and loans in the nature of quasi-equity to MSMEs to meet
debt-to-equity norms and pursue growth opportunities in existing MSMEs.
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The India Aspiration Fund will have an initial corpus of Rs.2,000 crore
Q
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-19/news/65592281_1
_indian-angel-network-finance-minister-arun-jaitley-startups
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Source:
97 Consider the following statements about the status of women in Vedic period.
1. Women did not compose any hymns of the Vedas.
2. Women did not participate in philosophical and spiritual discussions on Upanishads
in Royal courts.
Which of the above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. None
User Answer : B
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
Statement 1 is incorrect as there were women composers. NCERT
says Most of the hymns were composed, taught and learnt by men. A few were
composed by women.
Explanation:
Statement 2 is also incorrect as there were women thinkers like Gargi who was
famous for her learning, and participated in debates held in royal courts. However,
most Upanishadic thinkers were men, especially brahmins and rajas.
Chapter 4 and 7: Our pasts-I
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Explanation:
When you face such questions in the UPSC exam, try to see simple solutions behind
the elaborate scheme of things.
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Even if fungi and algae appear in more than one options, as are here, you should
know that Fungi cannot prepare its own food. Therefore, option (d) can also be
easily eliminated.
The only remaining option is (a).
The dominant partner is a fungus. Fungi are incapable of making their own food.
They usually provide for themselves as parasites or decomposers. The lichen fungi
cultivate partners that manufacture food by photosynthesis. Sometimes the partners
are algae, other times cyanobacteria, formerly called blue-green algae. Some
enterprising fungi exploit both at once.
Lichens occur from sea level to high alpine elevations, in a very wide range of
environmental conditions, and can grow on almost any surface.
There can be used for a variety of things. Check out here
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen#Human_use
Q Source:
100 Governor is appointed by the Central government to oversee the functioning of state
governments. Which of the following is NOT such a function?
A. Ensuring that state Government works within the Constitutional provisions
B. Ensuring that laws made by State legislature are within the constitutional
framework
C. Ensuring that State governments do not disregard constitutional directions
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Explanation :
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Governor also reserves state bills which a) seem ultra vires the constitution; b) seem
to be breach of Centre's laws; c) seems to endanger the position of High Court etc.
He also has the authority to veto a state legislation. Therefore, option (c) is also a
function of the Governor.
Thus, the only option (d) can be the answer.
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