Rat Repellent: Report Assignment 2

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
RAT REPELLENT
Report Assignment 2
GROUP 21
GROUP PERSONNEL:
AKWILA EKA MELIANI
ANNISA LARASATI
BIMASETA RACHMANDA
ERVANDY HARYOPRAWIRONOTO
FITRIA NUR HAYATI
(1306413725)
(1306405761)
(1306370373)
(1306370461)
(1306370663)
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
MARCH, 2016
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In everyday life, many creatures that live in the human environment. No

living thing that is profitable, there is also a disadvantage. One disadvantage of
living human beings is a rat. Rats are one of the animals that many people hate it
because it causes a lot of harm, such as consuming power cables, ruffled food,
damaging belongings, leave droppings in the house, and even spread the disease.
In addition, the mice also raises the disturbing sound.
We have conduct surveys from potential consumers to know their needs in
repell the rats. The result of the survey shows us that the potential consumers want
a rat repellent that can repell the rats effectively, easy to install and use, has
affordable price, and safely. We also already have an early specification from
those needs.
In order to fulfil those needs, we are searching for an appropriate concept
in terms of working principle to be applied in our rat repellent. The concept ideas
comes from concepts of existing products and some new concepts. Until this step,
we have 24 concepts of rat repellent with various work principle.
Before we screened these concepts, we evaluate it with RFV method to
reduce the number of concepts. This step is neeeded to make the screening
process easier. Number of our concepts after this process are 13 concepts.
After that, these concepts are screened. The screening section is needed to
eliminate concepts based on criteria compare to reference concept. Our reference
concept is a camphor and the total concepts released from this step are 5 concepts.
Afterwards, these 5 concepts are combined and produced 6 concepts.
These 6 concepts are scored with ten criteria that have different weight. From this
step, we know the highest scored concept is pouch that using Eucaliptus leaves
extract as active substance to repel rats. The score for this concept is 2,62 out of 3.
The choosen concept is then tested to potential consumer with survey by
using interview and questionaire method. The results show us that average of
respondents interest in our product is 3,93 out of 5. The next step is making the
specifications of the choosen concept. Specification of our concept are has 15%wt eucalyptus oil, 80%-wt natural fiber filter, easy to use, easy to instalation,
ii
Universitas Indonesia
efectively, and does not contain any toxic that harm to human. The price of our
product is Rp 30.000,00 40.000,00.
Our product with those specification if compared to other existing
products in market has some high values in some aspects, such as good
effectiveness, easy to use, easy to manufacture, high life expectacy and high
potency in repell the rats. The lower values of our rat repellent is price. However,
our product is able to compete in the market with these good values and
specifications.
iii
LIST OF CONTENT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................... ii

LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. v
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER 1 CREATING CONCEPT ............................................................... 1
1.1. Background of The Idea ........................................................................... 1
1.2. Existing Concepts ..................................................................................... 2
1.3. Braistorming Concepts ............................................................................. 3
1.4. Limiting Concepts .................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTS SELECTION ........................................................... 6
2.1. Concept Screening .................................................................................... 6
2.1.1
Preparing the matrix of idea selection ............................................... 6
2.1.2
Determining rate of the concept ........................................................ 8
2.1.3
Ranking the concept ........................................................................ 11
2.2. Concept Scooring ................................................................................... 11
2.2.1
Combining and Fixing the Concept Idea ........................................ 12
2.2.2
Criteria for Selecting Concept ......................................................... 14
2.2.3
Score Parameter .............................................................................. 15
2.2.4
Giving rank for the concept idea ..................................................... 17
2.3. Concept Testing ...................................................................................... 20
CHAPTER 3 FINAL CONCEPT ...................................................................... 25
3.1. Final Concept and Specification............................................................. 25
3.2. Product Description ................................................................................ 25
3.3. Product Positioning ................................................................................ 27
CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION ............................................................................ 33
REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 34
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Mind Map of Existing Concepts ....................................................... 3
Figure 1.2 Mind Map of New Concepts ............................................................. 4
Figure 1.3 Mind Map of Elimitaed Concepts ..................................................... 5
Figure 2.1 Correspondent Occupational Background ...................................... 21
Figure 2.2 Respondents Age Distribution....................................................... 22
Figure 2.3 Distribution of Respondent that Knew About Rat Repellent Based on
Air Freshner.................................................................................... 22
Figure 2.4 Respondents Interest in Our Concept ............................................ 23
Figure 3.1 Conceptual Mapping ....................................................................... 28
v
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Existing Concepts to Repel Rats ........................................................ 2
Table 1.2 Brainstorming Concepts to Repel Rats .............................................. 3
Tabel 1.3 Limiting Concepts by RVF Method ................................................... 4
Table 2.1 Concept generated .............................................................................. 6
Table 2.2 Criteria selection................................................................................. 7
Table 2.3 Concept screening ............................................................................ 10
Table 2.4 Concept ranking ............................................................................... 11
Table 2.5 Combined Concepts and Description ............................................... 12
Table 2.6 Score Parameter for Each Criterion.................................................. 16
Table 2.7 Metrics of Concept Scoring.............................................................. 17
Table 3.1 Final Specification of Own Product ................................................. 25
Table 3.2 Product Compare .............................................................................. 27
vi
CHAPTER 1
CREATING CONCEPT
1.1.
Background of The Idea

In everyday life, many creatures that live in the human environment. No
living thing that is profitable, there is also a disadvantage. One disadvantage of

living human beings is a rat. Mice are mammals included in Muridae tribe. Rat
species is best known for mice (Mus spp.) and rats (Rattus norvegicus), which is
found in almost all countries and is an important model organism in biology; is
also a popular pet. Rats are one of the animals that many people hate it because it
causes a lot of harm, such as consuming power cables, ruffled food, damaging
belongings, leave droppings in the house, and even spread the diseases. The
diseases that caused by rats:
Leptospirosis: spreads by eating food or drinking water contaminated with

urine from infected animals or contact through the skin or mucous
membranes (such as inside the nose) with water or soil that is contaminated
with the urine from infected animals, Salmonellosis: spread by eating or
drinking food or water that is contaminated by rat feces,
Tularemia: spread by handling infected animal carcasses, being bitten by an

infected tick, deerfly or other insect, eating or drinking contaminated food or
water, breathing in the bacteria, F. tularensis.
Plague: spread by bite of an infected flea, direct contact with infected animal.
In addition, the mice also raises the disturbing sound. Various ways have
been done by people to expel and exterminate rats, among others, using rat
poison, shut down a rat hole, using a mouse traps, or use electronic means rat
repellent.
Perhaps many people think using rat poison is a powerful way the team to
eradicate rats, but these products may be harmful to humans or pets in the house.
If there is a dead rat by the poison, the carcass causing odor and a few people who
want to clean it. Other ways that do not always effectively eradicate the rats. In
this report, we will design a rat repellent that that can repel rats effectively, safely,
and easy to use.
1
1.2.
Existing Concepts
Until now, many ways or methods to repel rat in everyday life. The
methods used are varied, both based on its shape and working principles. The
famous product have been sold in various supermarkets and its advertising has
also been intensively carry out in various media such as television, radio, internet
and mass media, while the unfamiliar product usually only advertised via the
Internet and online sales limited. There are many concept that can work not only
as repellent, but also as poison. However, we only collect the concepts that work
as repellent. The list of concepts that have already existed in Indonesia are shown
below.
Table 1.1 Existing Concepts to Repel Rats
No.
Existing Concept
1.
Electric tool that produce ultrasound to repel rats
2.
Trash bag with active substance that can repel rats
3.
Using Cerbera manghas fruit
4.
Using mint leaves (oil)
5.
Ammonia spray
6.
Using Durio zibethinus fruit
7.
Camphor
8.
Using Annona muricata fruit
9.
Using tobacco leaves
10.
Using pepper
11.
Using eucallyptus oil
12.
Using coffee
13.
Smoke bomb that can repel rats
14.
Garlic oil
15.
Cleaning sanitation system at house
16.
Using pets such as cats and dogs
17.
Cajuput oil
(Source: Personal Resource, 2016)
Figure 1.1 Mind Map of Existing Concepts

(Source : Personal Resources, 2016)
1.3.
Braistorming Concepts
From the existing rat repellent products, new ideas emerge to form a
concept that can cover the shortcomings of existing products. In this section, there
will be listed some new concept that can be used to repel rat. We create new
concept from fundamental work principle, such as physical, chemical, biological
and mechanical principle.In terms of manufacture and availability of materials, we
modify the product by selecting the simple steps of making and select raw
materials whose abundant availability in Indonesia, easy to get and affordable.
The list of concepts that have already existed in Indonesia are shown below.
Table 1.2 Brainstorming Concepts to Repel Rats
No.
Brainstorming Concept
1.
The electric fragrance
2.
Carbolic rat repellent
3.
Porstex rat repellent
4.
Rat repellent that coats wall (paint)
5.
Rat repellent that coats cable

Table 1.2 (Cont) Brainstorming Concepts to Repel Rats
No.
Brainstorming Concept
6.
Rat repellent that coats furniture
7.
Additive material on fabrics that can repel rats

(Source: Personal Resource, 2016)
Figure 1.2 Mind Map of New Concepts

1.4.
Limiting Concepts
Limiting concepts by RVF method is the selection concept before the
screening process to eliminate several foolish concepts, so it makes the screening

process easier. This method is done by discussing the concepts with the group as
the expertise, based on knowledge and references, to eliminate the foolish
concepts. The reasons for rating the concepts as foolish are shown in Table 1.X.
Tabel 1.3 Limiting Concepts by RVF Method
NO
Concept
Rating
Electric tool that produce ultrasound to repel rats
Trash bag with active substance that can repel rats
Using Cerbera manghas fruit
Using mint leaves (oil)
Ammonia spray
Using Durio zibethinus fruit
Camphor
5
Tabel 1.3 (cont) Limiting Concepts by RVF Method
NO
Concept
Rating
Using tobacco leaves
10
Using pepper
11
Using eucallyptus oil
12
Using coffee
13
Smoke bomb that can repel rats
14
Garlic oil
15
Cleaning sanitation system at house
16
Using pets such as cats and dogs
17
Cajuput oil
18
The electric fragrance
19
Carbolic rat repellent
20
Porstex rat repellent
21
Rat repellent that coats wall (paint)
22
Rat repellent that coats cable
23
Rat repellent that coats furniture
24
Additive material on clothes that can repel rats
From this method we have eliminating 11 concepts and producting 13

concepts from existing also new concepts. This is a mind map of our eliminated
concepts.
Figure 1.3 Mind Map of Elimitaed Concepts

CHAPTER 2
CONCEPTS SELECTION
2.1. Concept Screening
2.1.1 Preparing the matrix of idea selection
Matrix of idea selection is a table that consist of the concept generated in the
chapter before and the criterias which was used to rate each of the concept and
distinguish it from the other concept. The concept idea to be rate are the choosen
concept that had been undergo the elimination process and ready to be rate using
the criterias our group has determined. The concept to be rate are as follows.
Table 2.1 Concept generated
Concept
Concept Generated
Number
1
Ulrasoinc rat repellent
Trash bag containing active substance to repell the rats
Bintaro fruit
Mint leaves extracted oil
Mouthball
Soursop leaves extracted oil
Tobacco leaves extracted oil
Eucalyptus leaves extracted oil
Smoke bomb rat repellent (BaCl2)
10
Electric concentrate perfume
11
Aromatic paint rat repellent
12
Anti-rats cable coating
13
Anti-rats furniture coating

(Source : Personal Resource, 2016)
Those are the thirteen concept that ready to be rate using certain criterias
that had been determined by our group. The criterias to rate the concept has to be
selected carefully and properly since we are about to know the advanteges and
disadvantages of each concept compared to the reference product and lead us to
6
choose and develop the best concept. The selected criteria has to be corresponded
to the product characteristics. The criteria selection are as follows.
Table 2.2 Criteria selection
No.
Selection Criteria
Effectiveness
Cost
Process time
Easy to use
Health and safety
Life expectancy
Portable
Ease of Storage
(Source : Personal Resource, 2016)
Here are the explanations of each of the selection criteria.
Effectiveness
Effectiveness of the rat repellent product is about how successful the
product to control the rats in its surroundings. This criteria related to the
amounts of rats that exist in the surrounding or number of rats visiting the
location.
Cost
This selection criteria related to the cost to purchase the product.
Process time
Every rat repellent product has different time to give the repellency effect to
the rats.
Easy to use
Before the rat repellent product ready to be used, we need to prepare
the product so that the product can perform well and effective. This
selection criteria related to the amounts of step to prepare the product until
ready to be used.
Health and safety

Every rat repellent product has to be qualified in health and safety
aspect. Health aspect related to the effect of the product to the human body
or other living creatures such as pets wether it causes health disorder or not.
Safety aspect related to the condition of being protected from harm or other
non-desirable outcomes. Safety can also refer to the control of recognized
hazards in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk
Longevity
Longevity refers to how long the product will work effevtively since
the first time use.
Portable
Portable criteria of the rat repellent product is the ability of the
product to be easily carried or moved, especially because being of a lighter
and smaller version than usual.
Ease of storage
Some rat repellent product need a special storaging treatment to
maintain its product quality and effectivenes remain well. But the others
doesnt need one.
2.1.2 Determining rate of the concept

After we have generated concept and selection criteria ready, the next step is
determining the rate of each concept by the selection criteria. Each concept is
being rated by comparing it with the reference product. Reference product is a
certain product, usually typical product which already exist in the market, that has
similar principal work or purposes be used in product concept development as a
tool to evaluate rate of each concept by comparing each other depend on the
selection criteria. Generally, rate determination of each concept is based on the
plus (+), zero (0), and minus (-) terms.
(+): indicate that the product concept is better than the reference product based
on the selection criteria
(0): indicate that the product concept is as well as the reference product based on
the selection criteria
(-): indicate that the product concept is worse than the reference product based
on the selection criteria
Specifically, the plus (+), zero (0), and minus (-) terms explanation in rate
determination of each concept based on the selection criteria are as follows.
Effectiveness
(+): the product concept is more effective than the reference product
(0): the product concept is as well effective as the reference product
(-): the product concept is worse than the reference product
Cost
(+): the product concept is less expensive than the reference product
(0): the product concept cost similar price as the reference product
(-): the product concept is more expensive than the reference product
Process time
(+): the product concept need less time to give the repellency effect
compared to reference product
(0): the product concept need the same time as the reference product to give
the repellency effect
(-): the product concept need more time compared to the reference product
to give the repellency effect
Easy to use
(+): the product concept needs less steps of preparation compared to the
reference product
(0): the product concept needs same steps of preparation compared to the
reference product
(-): the product concept needs more steps of preparation compared to the
reference product
Health and safety

(+): the product concept is more healthy and safe compared to the reference
product
(0): the product concept is as same healthy and safe as compared to the
reference product
(-): the product concept is less healthy and safe compared to the reference
product
Longevity
(+): the product concept has longer longevity compared to the reference
product
10
(0): the product concept has same longevity compared to the reference
product
(-): the product concept has shorter longevity compared to the reference
product
Portable
(+): the product is more portable than the reference product
(0): the product is as portable as the reference product
(-): the product is less portable than the reference product
Ease of storage
(+): the product is easier to store than the reference product
(0): the product is easy to store as well as the reference product
(-): the product is more difficult to store than the reference product
The reference product used in this rate determination is a mouthball (kapur
barus). Mouthball is known to be used as pesticide to protect certain location in

the house from infestation. Here are the results of the rate determination of each
product concept.
Table 2.3 Concept screening
Criteria
Refference
Product
Effectiveness
0
Cost
0
Process Time
0
Easy to use
0
Health and
Safety
0
Longevity
0
Portable
0
Easy to
manufacture
0
Amounts of Plus (+)
Amounts of Minus (-)
Amounts of Zero (0)
Net Score
Ranking
Results
1
+
+
0
2
+
+
+
3
+
+
+
-
4
+
+
-
6
+
+
-
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
4
4
0
0
2
No
4
4
0
0
2
No
4
3
1
0
2
No
5
4
3
4
0
0
2
0
1
2
Yes No
Concept
7
8
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
9
+
+
-
10
+
+
+
11
+
+
-
12
+
+
-
13
+
+
-
+
+
-
+
-
+
+
-
+
+
-
4
4
0
0
2
No
4
4
0
0
2
No
5
5
2
5
3
3
3
6
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
-4
2
-2
1
1
4
1
3
Yes Yes No Yes No
11
2.1.3 Ranking the concept

After the rate determinations are done, for each of product concept we need
to calculate the number of plus (+), number of zero (0), and number of minus (-).
Ranking of the product concept are done based on its net score. The highest net
score of the product concept will be ranked first, and next rank will be followed
by the lower net score. Net score are the total sum of number of plus minus the
sum of number of zero and minus.
From all the thirteen product concept already being screened, there are many
of the product concept that have identical net score. Our group considered the
product concept which has the same number of net score will has the same rank.
So, there are four product concept ranked first, six product concept ranked second,
one product concept ranked third, and one product concept ranked fourth, the last.
Since there will be up to five product concept (ideally) from the screening concept
that will be evaluate in the concept scoring, our group choose only the product
concept considered as the first rank which consist of four product concept.
Table 2.4 Concept ranking
Rank
Concept
Number
Product Concept
Trash bag containing active substance to

repell the rats
Mouthball
Tobacco leaves extracted oil
Eucalyptus leaves extracted oil
10
Electric concentrate perfume

2.2.
Concept Scooring
After we pass the screening, we have to do some step for deciding the best
concept for us to be manufactured. The next step after screening is concept

scoring. The concepts that have passed the screening test will be quantified with
number for each criterion. There are some same criteria form concept screenings
but there are also some criteria which are added in this phase to indicate more
complicated and result in more accurate way to analyze and judge the concepts.
There is also different value in each criterion which describes which one of the
12
criteria is the most important in selecting concept. The criteria that have a biggest
weight or value are the one that is needed the most by our new product. The idea,
which has the highest score, will become the selected concept. The criteria and
weight of each criterion from this scoring are:
2.2.1 Combining and Fixing the Concept Idea
After screening, our group is also look for a possibility to combine and fix
ideas to get a best selection. These are the five concepts after we do screening:
Using camphor to repel rats.
Trash bag with active substance that can repel rats.
Pouch that using tobacco leaves extract as active substance to repel rats.
Pouch that using Eucaliptus leaves extract as active substance to repel rats.
Electric tool that produce odor to repel rats
Here are five concepts which consist of two active substances and three devices.
So, we do combine those concepts to widen the concept.
Table 2.5 Combined Concepts and Description
Concept
A
Description
Trash bag with active substance
Trash bag to repel rats is an existing
that can repel rats
concept but this product isnt sold in

Indonesia. This product contains methyl
salicylate as an active substance.
Using camphor to repel rats
Camphor is a product that already sold

in Indonesia but there is no specific
camphor to repel rats. Some camphor is
claimed to repel insects but not all
camphor can be used to repel rats. So,
we propose to make camphor which has
a specific function.
13
Table 2.5 (Cont) Combined Concepts and Description
Concept
C
Description
Pouch that using tobacco leaves
We propose to make a rat repellent
extract as active substance to
product using natural substance, here we
repel rats
use tobacco leaves extract as active

substance to repel rats. Because, some of
research has proved that tobacco leaves
extract has an odor that rats dont like.
Pouch that using Eucaliptus
We propose to make a rat repellent
leaves extract as active
product using natural substance, here we
substance to repel rats
use tobacco leaves extract as active

substance to repel rats. Because, some of
research has proved that tobacco leaves
extract has an odor that rats dont like.
Present studies reveal the potential of
eucalyptus oil in repelling away R.
rattus; however, further studies may be
conducted to enhance the persistence of
repellent effect for longer period of time.
Electric tool that produce odor
There is not a huge difference between
(tobacco leaves) to repel rats
concept point C and E. The difference is

the packaging of the product. In point D,
we use pouch as our packaging while in
this point, we use an electric tool to
produce the odor.
Electric tool that produce odor
There is not a huge difference between
(Eucaliptus leaves) to repel rats
concept point D and F. The difference is

the packaging of the product. In concept
point D, we use pouch as our packaging
while in this point, we use an electric
tool to produce the odor.

14
2.2.2 Criteria for Selecting Concept

Selection and score criteria that we use in scoring concept for choosing best
concept for rat repellent product are:
Availability of raw material for Active Substance (18.18%)
Raw materials are materials or substances used in the primary
production or manufacturing of a good. Availability of raw material is
important because rare raw materials can cause this product not to be
commercialized. Raw materials are so important to the production process
that the success of a country's economy can be determined by the amount of
natural resources the country has within its own borders. A country that has
abundant natural resources does not need to import as many raw materials,
and has an opportunity to export the materials to other countries.
Ease of getting raw material for Active Substance (16.36%)
The ease of getting the raw material is important because it determines
how to transport the raw materials and it also influences the location of
industry. The ease of getting raw materials also has an impact to the price; if
the raw materials are difficult to be taken and transported, the price will be
higher than the raw materials which are easy to be taken and transported.
Effectiveness (14.55%)
We put the third highest weight in effectiveness from all criteria and
the highest weight from the product criteria because it is the most important
criteria in repels the rats. Effectiveness shows how well a product can repel
rats.
Ease of use (12.73%)
These thoughts got us thinking about the value people place on ease of
use more pointedly, we are wondering if ease of use is the second highest
virtue to seek in products and services. Besides that, because the masses are
out target customer, we focus on ease of use to these users easy is cool.
Process Time (10.91%)
Process time is one of the important parameter to be added. Process
time is the criteria that show how long a rat repellent product could repel
rats when there are some rats.
15
Safety (9.09%)
This criteria describes the use of the product whether it is safe or not,
has a high toxicity or not, if it is opened and applied to the wanted place.
Cost (7.27%)
Cost of the product is put next. The importance about the cost is how
we acquire new customer. Because out target is masses so we have to have
as achievable as possible.
Ease of manufacture (5.45%)
The ease of manufacture defines how much the price of our product if
it is sold. The more difficult of the process of manufacturing, the higher the
price if it sold.
Longevity (3.64%)
Product life cycle is the life expectancy of a product from the time it is
launched until it is no longer available. The longevity of a product is based
on the industry and from the raw materials (chemical substance or extraction
from natural substance has a different impact of physical properties for
product)
Portability (1.82%)
We place portability in our last criterion because we think that most
customers only place our rat repellent product in the place that rats usually
come and prowl. So, to add the value of the criteria for the product, we
divide its criteria appropriate with the ease of place the product and also
from the packaging.
2.2.3 Score Parameter
For scoring parameter itself, we give three parameters for each criterion.
The scoring parameters for each criterion are given below:
16
Table 2.6 Score Parameter for Each Criterion
Criteria
Availability
of raw
material for
active
substance
Ease of
getting the
raw material
for active
substance
Effectiveness
Ease of use
Process time
Available
Abundant
Difficult
Standard
Easy
Ineffective
Four steps
> 60 minutes
Effective enough
Three steps
30 - 60 minutes
Registered with the
U.S.
Environmental
Protection Agency
(EPA)
Rp20.000 Rp30.000
Effective
Two steps
< 30 minutes
High toxicity
for human
Cost
>Rp30.000
Portability
Limited
Safety
Ease of
manufacture
Longevity
Rate
2
From natural
resources and
non-toxic for
human
Rp10.000 Rp20.000
Complex
Standard
Simple
< 1 month
Need a
specific device
to use
1- 6 months
> 6 months
Can be placed in
every sides at
home
Can be placed at
some sides at home
17
2.2.4 Giving rank for the concept idea

And this is the table shows about our scoring to the concepts:
Table 2.7 Metrics of Concept Scoring
Concept
Criteria
Weight
A
B
C
D
E
F
Weighted
Weighted
Weighted
Weighted
Weighted
Weighted
Rate
Rate
Rate
Rate
Rate
Rate
Rate
Rate
Rate
Rate
Rate
Rate
Availability of raw material for

18.18%
active substance
Ease of getting the raw material for
16.36%
active substance
Effectiveness
14.55%
Ease of use
12.73%
Process Time
10.91%
Safety
9.09%
Cost
7.27%
Ease of manufacture
5.45%
Longevity
3.64%
Portable
1.82%
Sum
Result
3.00
0.55
2.00
0.36
3.00
0.55
3.00
0.55
3.00
0.55
3.00
0.55
3.00
0.49
3.00
0.49
3.00
0.49
2.00
0.33
2.00
0.33
2.00
0.33
2.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
0.29
0.38
0.33
0.27
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.04
2.51
No
2.00
3.00
3.00
1.00
3.00
2.00
3.00
2.00
0.29
0.38
0.33
0.09
0.22
0.11
0.11
0.04
2.42
No
2.00
3.00
3.00
1.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
0.29
0.38
0.33
0.09
0.22
0.11
0.07
0.05
2.58
No
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
0.44
0.38
0.33
0.18
0.15
0.11
0.11
0.05
2.62
Yes
2.00
3.00
3.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
0.44
0.38
0.33
0.18
0.15
0.05
0.11
0.02
2.29
No
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
0.44
0.38
0.33
0.18
0.15
0.05
0.11
0.02
2.53
No
18
2.2.5 Scoring Description for Each Products Concept
Availability of raw material for active substance

This is as we already stated above, is the most vital thing that must be
the first thing we should pay attention for. For concept A, C, D, E, and F,
we give 3 point because the raw material for active substance is easy to be
found. We could buy methyl salicylate from supplier, tobacco is easy to be
planted in Indonesia and in 2014 Food and Agriculture Organization
claimed that Indonesia is the sixth largest country that produce tobacco,
and Some Eucalyptus species can be developed in Indonesia without
causing environmental degradation as some are indigenous and in such
locations do not cause environmental problems. For concept B, naphthalene
is also easy to be found when you found the distributor. Naphthalene is
produced from refinery crude oil plant. So, as long as there is still refinery
oil there will be naphthalene.
Ease of getting raw material or active substance

The ease of getting the raw material is important because it determines
how to transport the raw materials and it also influences the location of
industry. We give point 3 for concept C and E because it is easy for us to get
tobacco. Tobacco is easy to be planted in Indonesia. We give 3 point for
concept 1 and 2 because there is a distributor for those active substances, but
we give 2 point for concept D and F because Eucalyptus could only be
found in land with 1000 m above sea level.
Effectiveness
Effectiveness shows how well a product can repel rats. We give 3
point for concept D and F because there is a research that claimed if
Eucalyptus leaves has a high potential to repel rat based on his research. We
give 2 point on concept A, B, C, and E because for naphthalene, the odor is
thought to be unpleasant enough to drive animals away in repellent
products.
19
Ease of use
We give 3 point for all concepts because all the concepts are a device
and a simple packaging so customer just need to place it at home without
have to mixing those with food and throw the carrion of rats.
Process Time
Process time is one of the important parameter to be added. Process
time is the criteria that show how long a rat repellent product could repel
rats when there are some rats. We give 3 point for all the concepts because
those concepts have a quite fast to repel rats.
Safety
We give 3 point for concept A because we do not need to touch directly
to the active substance; the active substance has mixed by chemical reaction
with the raw material for trash bag. We give 2 point for concept D and F
because the Eucalyptus is volatile if it is pure (do not mix with another
substance). We give point 1 for concept B, C, and F because the nicotine in
tobacco.
Cost
Because out target is masses so we have to have as affordable as
possible. We give 3 point for concept B because customers only pay for
Rp10.000, 00 for 5 pieces camphor. We give 2point for concept C, D, E,
and F because it is still a new concept so we take the intermediate price. We
give 1 point to the price of trash bag because it is expensive enough, just for
a trash bag the price is about one US dollar.
Ease of manufacture
The ease of manufacture defines how much the price of our product if it
is sold. We give 2 point for concept B, C, and D because we only need to
extract the raw material to get the active substances and make the product to
be solid. But, we give 1 point for concept A, E, and F because it is difficult
to be manufactured. The process needs some treatment which cannot be
processed in laboratory.
20
Longevity
The longevity of a product is based on the industry and from the raw
materials (chemical substance or extraction from natural substance has a
different impact of physical properties for product). We give 3 point for
concept B, C, D, E, and F because it is not so hard to make the product has a
long durable because the product is dry, the product is not has a high damp.
But we give 1 point for the concept A because it is only can be used for 3
days.
Portability
We give 3 point for concept C and D because the product just need to
be placed in some places those rats usually come and prowl. These concepts
do not need any tools for the product and can be place in every side at home.
We give 2 point for concept A and B because the product cannot be place in
every side at home only can be placed at specific side at home. And we give
point 1 for concept E and F because we need extra device to use the product
and we only can use the product if only there was a electricity source.
From scoring section we have one concept that has the highest score so
we will choose the concept; the concept is Pouch that using Eucalyptus
leaves extract as active substance to repel rats. After this section, the
concept that has a highest value will be tested to the market.
2.3. Concept Testing

Concept testing is one of the process in product design, done after selection
of product concepts. Concept testing is used to positioned our product in the
market, selecting among alternative concepts, confirming concept selection,
benchmarking, forecasting demand, and as other corner stone for decision making.
Concept testing will be done by several process such as;
a. Defining the purpose of the test
The purpose of concept testing was to see whether the concept has
answer the consumers expectation. Concept testing is also functioned to
see the acceptance of the concept by potential customers.
21
b.
Choosing a survey population

Our survey population will vary as much from existing user of rat
repellent or rodenticides. We will be focusing on different segment of job
who have encountered rat problem in real life, as its been our dominant
source when generating specification in earlier assignment. The main job
segment that filling the questionnaire is students.
c.
Communicating the Survey Method

The survey method was based on questionnaires to specific target
market, to checked their interest, and opinion about our newly-selected rat
repellent concept, prior to brief explanation about our herbal-based rat
repellent concept. The interview sees 43 respondents from various job
segment, which fulfill the minimum standard of a normal distribution
population.
d.
Measuring and analyzing customer response

The respondents filling our questionnaire all experienced a problem
with rat, they came from different job segments as vary as; 88% of
respondents are students, 7% are a worker, and remaining 5% has another
job other than specified in the listings.
7% 5%
88%
Student
Worker
Others
Figure 2.1 Correspondent Occupational Background

Respondents who filled in the questionnaires is mainly from the

people in their 20s or in range of 20 30 years of age which shares 76% of
22
the respondents. While rest of the other respondents is a youth below 20

years of age which has percentage of 24%.
24%
76%
20 - 30 years
<20 years
Figure 2.2 Respondents Age Distribution

About 81% of respondents which all have encountered a problem with

rats, said that they are yet to know about herbal rat repellent based on air
freshener. While 19% of respondents already knew/heard about the concept.
19%
81%
Yes
No
Figure 2.3 Distribution of Respondent that Knew About Rat Repellent Based on Air Freshner
23
While asked about whether they interested to buy the products, by the
scale 1 5, with 1 Not Interested at all; 2 Not interested, existing
products functioned properly; 3 Might be interested next time encountered
a problem with the rat; 4 Interested; 5 Very Interested. About 37% of
population answer with the rating of 4, 35% answer with the rating of 5,
19% answer with the rating of 3, and 5% each with the rating of 1 and 2.
With average rating of 3.93.
Respondent's Interest in Our Concept

5%
5%
35%
18%
37%
1
Figure 2.4 Respondents Interest in Our Concept

e.
Interpreting the results

Herbal based rat repellent concept earns a good reception from 43
respondents. Proven by combined 80% of respondent is interested with our
rat repellent concept. Because people are only used to utilize rat-killing
rodenticides to get rid of rats. The existing product provide problems such
as disease probability with the carcass, or even ineffective operation, prove
that there is a great share of market which is expecting more effective
method to repel a rat.
Our concept fits the market quite great with
additional offerings such as herbal based repellent which provide a safe and
non-toxic way to repel a rat and also can functioned as an aromatherapy.
Further analysis shown that the younger the respondents, the more likely
they want to repel rat as humane as possible. They dont want to kill the
rat based on pity or even the reluctance to deal with the carcass.
24
Majority respondents show that they havent heard about our herbal
based repellent based on air freshener. Which means, the concept is quite
new for Indonesian market. As existing product with similar principle like
Mint-X is yet to be retailed in Indonesia. So majority of the population
havent know odor-based rat repellent methods.
CHAPTER 3
FINAL CONCEPT
3.1.
Final Concept and Specification

The newly selected concept will be combined and analyzed to interpret
final concept and specification of the product. The selected concept will be
adapted with earlier product specification in earlier assignment and product
testing results to adjust consumers need and assist manufacturing process of the
new rat repellent product. The final specification are given in metric below.
Table 3.1 Final Specification of Own Product
Specification
Unit
Own Product
Performance
Area Coverage
Sqm
10
Process Time
Minutes
10
Endurance
Days
30
15 35
mg/m (8 hours)
Storage Temperature
3
Exposure Limit
Active Substance Composition

Natural Fiber Filler
%wt
80
Eucalyptus Oil
%wt
15
Cedarwood Oil
%wt
Operability
Ease of Use
Yes/No
Yes
Ease of Installation
Yes/No
Yes
Market & Retailing

Price
Rp
30.000 40.000
3.2.
Product Description
The concept of herbal-based rat repellent with the basis of air freshener is
selected after several selection process such as RVF selection, screening section,
and scoring section. The main criteria on those selection is as vary as; availability
25
26
of raw material, raw material supply chain, effectiveness in rat repellence, ease of
use and installation, process time to repel rats, safety measurements, cost, ease of
manufacture, endurance, and portability.
Herbal-based rat repellent has the same principle with common air
freshener on the market. The repellent will release strong odors to the air in radius
at approximately 10 meters. The strong aroma is generated from the extract oil of
eucalyptus and cedarwood, which will keep the mouse away from the area
covered by the rat repellent. Rat repellence capability is generated by the aroma
from the rat repellent. This principle exploits rats biological advantages in their
olfactory system. Rats olfactory system is 50x more sensitive than humans
olfactory system. When rats and rodents exposed to strong smell, rodents will feel
disturbed, confused, and tends to dodge themselves from the strong odor. Rats
also used its olfactory system to learn its surroundings, as rodents has limited
visual capability.
Herbal-based rat repellent also functioned as air freshener as the active
composition can be used as aroma-therapy for meditation. Aromatherapy is a form
of alternative medicine, widely used for pain relief, mood enhancement, and
increased cognitive function.
Herbal based repellent mainly has two major components;
Natural fiber soaked with eucalyptus and cedarwood extract.
Breathable perforated fabric; as the repellents container

Selection of eucalyptus is based on its proven capability as rat repellent.
Singna et al., conducted a research which results eucalyptus has repellency

percentage of 84% when applied daily every week. Repellency percentage is
obtained from the same experiment, which used 10% wt of eucalyptus essential
oil. From that basis, we assumed that composition of 10%wt of active substance is
the threshold value for repelling rodents, and used it in our product composition
scheme.
Eucalyptus alone at specified composition, has the capability to repel rat,
but eucalyptus is classified as top note of essential oil. Top note group of essential
oil is known for its volatility; it evaporates quickly and not fulfilling other
customer needs of endurance. Addition of heavier rat repellent substance can
27
retard evaporation rate of the odor from the natural fiber filler. So the rat repellent
has better endurance. Evaporation rate can vary as environment condition
changes. Higher temperature, such as more than 30oC will increase the
evaporation rate of the active substance. For the best endurance performance, use
the rat repellent in cool environment.
Usage of natural fiber such as corn cob is based on its capability on
absorbing oil and greases. Corn cob is a good option for a filler due to its
affordable price. Because corn cobs generally classified as agricultural waste in
abundance in several provinces in main land of Java.
Herbal-based rat repellent also has a good health effect due to common
usage as aromatherapy. So, there are no exposure limit set by minister of health or
other similar institution, although eucalyptus is mentioned as chemical with health
hazard level 2 from HMIS (Hazardous Material Identification System). The
product also can be used in temperature not exceeding 35oC due to flash point of
eucalyptus as low as 40oC
3.3.
Product Positioning
Product positioning is used to compare our product with existing rat
repellent or rodenticides which is widely used around the globe. Product

positioning utilize conceptual mapping method. Conceptual mapping is defined by
criteria used in selection process of screening and scoring. Conceptual mapping
allows us to compare our product by seeing its position in the map against existing
product. The existing products to be compared are Mint-X Rodent Repellent
Trash Bag, Dora Racun Tikus, and Petrokum Racun Tikus.
Table 3.2 Product Compare
Criteria
Own
Mint - X Petrokum
Dora
Product
Availability of Raw Material
Effectiveness
Ease of Use
Process Time
Health & Safety
Price
28
Table 3.2 (Cont) Product Compare
Criteria
Own
Mint - X
Petrokum
Dora
Product
Endurance
Portability
Availability of Raw
Material
3
Portability
Effectiveness
2
1
Endurance
Ease of Use
0
Ease of Manufacture
Process Time
Price
Own Product
Health & Safety
Mint - X
Petrokum
Dora
Figure 3.1 Conceptual Mapping

Rating in conceptual map is given from 1 to 3, with 1 is for the worst and 3 is for
the best in its category.
a. Availability of Raw Material
1 Raw material isnt available in Indonesia
2 Raw material is available in Indonesia
3 Raw material is in abundant or easy to find in Indonesia
b. Effectiveness
1 Doesnt repel rats at all
2 <50% existing consumer satisfaction
3 - >50% existing consumer satisfaction
29
c. Ease of Use
1 More than 10 steps of use
2 Require 4 10 steps of use
3 Require 1-3 steps of use
d. Process Time
1 More than one day
2 Require 1 24 hours
3 Less than an hour
e. Health & Safety
1 Considered as toxic, carcinogenic
2 Nontoxic, required exposure limit in MSDS
3 Nontoxic, no exposure limitation required
f. Price
1 - >Rp50.000
2 Rp20.000 Rp50.000
3 <Rp20.000
g. Ease of Manufacture
1 Very complex process
2 Complex process
3 Moderate difficulty process or even DIY-scale process
h. Endurance
1 Less than a week
2 Between 1 week 4 weeks
3 More than 4 weeks
i. Portability
1 Permanent location
2 Removable but not ergonomic
3 Removable, can be placed anywhere
30
From the conceptual map above, we can conclude the position of our product
concepts among existing rat repellent and rodenticide products are:
a. Availability of Raw Material
Our product has great availability on raw material because its
based on natural substance and most of it are in abundance because its an
agricultural waste. Mint-X also has a great availability in raw material,
because it only needs a trash bag and coated with peppermint-extract oil.
Dora racun tikus scores a bad point for using Warfarin for active
substance, which is likely to be prohibited in near future because of its
health effects.
b. Effectiveness
Our product when used as per instructions will repel rats, as long
as it is still on coverage, and doesnt exceed one-month period of use.
Mint-X also has a great effectiveness with 76% customer giving highly
positive feedback on online shopping portal, Amazon. In case of
rodenticides, like petrokum and dora, it gives 50-50 chance of killing the
rodents. But, small amount of positive responses has been given for both
products in the sellers blog.
c. Ease of Use
Usage of Mint-X and our product relatively very easy, literally just
pull the product out of its package and it will be ready to used. Rather than
rodenticides which need cutting for smaller bait, search for base pad, and
trashing the rat carcass when finished.
d. Process Time
Mint-X and Our product have relatively same principle, repelling
via odor, so both have short process time, relying on evaporation process.
While rodenticides have to wait the rat to eat the bait and the process time
to kill the rodents take 4-6 days.
e. Health & Safety
Mint-X has been approved by EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) and declared safe to use with minimal hazard. Active substance
such as methyl salicylates has been widely used in many applications
31
without creating health hazard. Our product also safe to use because the
material is commonly used as aroma therapy. On each components
MSDS there is no exposure limit. While rodenticides such as Dora and
Petrokum used active substance such Warfarin and Brodifacoum. Both are
classified as toxic, dangerous and a carcinogenic substance. Brodifacoum
and Warfarin has an exposure limit stated on their MSDS. Exceeding
exposure limit in long term can cause health effect such as cancer,
respiratory problem, etc. To ensure our product is safe to use, permission
and regulation must be issued by Minister of Health, like other air
freshener available on the market now.
f. Price
Rodenticides such as Petrokum and Dora is a consumer favorite in
Indonesia due to its affordability, which is Rp15.000 per package. Mint-X
rodent repellent is basically an imported product and not available in
Indonesia. Mint-X priced at US$28.97 per package consisting 40 trash
bags. Our product will stand in Rp30.000 ranges
g. Ease of Manufacture
Manufacturing of our own product is relatively simple. Corn cobs
will be provided by agricultural waste and treated with some mechanical
treatment to reduce it sizes. Eucalyptus and cedar wood extract will be
resourced from its leaves. Application of the extract to the corn cobs will
be applied by soaking the corn cobs in extract solution. That relatively
simple procedure makes our own product easier to manufactured. As
rodenticides manufacture contains complex petrochemical process, which
is complex for the scale of a start-ups. As mint-x manufacturing process
contains complex polymer processing ended with polymer coating with
peppermint solution.
h. Endurance
Our own product will be expired after 30-days period of use.
Compared to mint-x trash bag only lasted for seven days after opened from
its packaging. As rodenticides will last very much longer, approximately
32
six months after first opened from its packaging, as long as rats dont bite
the rodenticides.
i. Portability
Our own product can be used in nearly everywhere, thanks to its
portability. It can fit into small gap in the attic or small holes in the floor.
As mint-x rodent repellent only fits in the trashes. It seems useless if used
other than main purpose of being rodent repellent trash bags. As
rodenticides will less likely be moved after being placed in one position.
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
In this chapter, we can take some conclusions as follows:
We need to found a concept that can fulfill the consumers needs.
There are 24 concepts from existing and new concepts.
RFV method is a method of selection before screening step and produce 13

concepts.
There are 5 highest rank concepts from screening: Trash bag containing
active sustance to repell the rats, Mouthball, Tobacco leaves extracted oil,
Eucalyptus leaves extracted oil, Electric concentrate perfume.
The chosen concept from scoring step is Eucalyptus leaves extracted oil with
score 2,62 out of point 3.
Based on the survey of testing product, we know that respondents interest in

our product is 3,93 out of point 5.
Position of our product in market is quiet good. Our product with those
specification if compared to other existing products in market has some high
values in some aspects, such as good effectiveness, easy to use, easy to
manufacture, high life expectacy and high potency in repell the rats.
33
34
REFERENCES
Anonim. 14 Tips Cara Mengusir Tikus, Pengusir Ampuh Alami. [Online]
Available from: http://tips-cara.info/alat-pengusir-tikus-ampuh-alami/.
[Accessed: 9th March 2016]
Anonim. 12 Cara Mengusir Tikus Got Sawah dan Curut yang Ampuh Secara
Alami. [Online] Available from: http://carasehat.net/12-cara-mengusir-tikusgot-sawah-dan-curut-yang-ampuh-secara-alami/. [Accessed: 9th March 2016]
Budi Pramono, Irfan and Pudjiharta. Research Experiences on Eucalyptus in
Indonesia. Forest Research and Development Center Ministry of Forestry,
Indonesia.
Singla, Neena , et al. 2014. Potential of Eucalyptus Oil as Repellent against House
Rat, Rattus rattus. University, Ludhiana 141004. India
Tim Republika. 2013. 14 Tips Cara Mengusir Tikus, Pengusir Ampuh Alami.
[Online] Available from:
http://m.republika.co.id/berita/senggang/unik/13/12/05/mxay69-5-cara-unikmengusir-tikus. [Accessed: 9th March 2016]

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UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

In everyday life, many creatures that live in the human environment. No

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................... ii

Background of The Idea

living thing that is profitable, there is also a disadvantage. One disadvantage of

Leptospirosis: spreads by eating food or drinking water contaminated with

Tularemia: spread by handling infected animal carcasses, being bitten by an

Electric tool that produce ultrasound to repel rats

Trash bag with active substance that can repel rats

Using Cerbera manghas fruit

Using mint leaves (oil)

Using Durio zibethinus fruit

Using Annona muricata fruit

Using tobacco leaves

Using eucallyptus oil

Smoke bomb that can repel rats

Cleaning sanitation system at house

Using pets such as cats and dogs

Figure 1.1 Mind Map of Existing Concepts

The electric fragrance

Carbolic rat repellent

Porstex rat repellent

Rat repellent that coats wall (paint)

Rat repellent that coats cable

Table 1.2 (Cont) Brainstorming Concepts to Repel Rats

Rat repellent that coats furniture

Additive material on fabrics that can repel rats

Figure 1.2 Mind Map of New Concepts

screening process to eliminate several foolish concepts, so it makes the screening

Electric tool that produce ultrasound to repel rats

Trash bag with active substance that can repel rats

Using Cerbera manghas fruit

Using mint leaves (oil)

Using Durio zibethinus fruit

Using tobacco leaves

Using eucallyptus oil

Smoke bomb that can repel rats

Cleaning sanitation system at house

Using pets such as cats and dogs

The electric fragrance

Carbolic rat repellent

Porstex rat repellent

Rat repellent that coats wall (paint)

Rat repellent that coats cable

Rat repellent that coats furniture

Additive material on clothes that can repel rats

(Source : Personal Resources, 2016)

From this method we have eliminating 11 concepts and producting 13

Figure 1.3 Mind Map of Elimitaed Concepts

Ulrasoinc rat repellent

Trash bag containing active substance to repell the rats

Mint leaves extracted oil

Soursop leaves extracted oil

Tobacco leaves extracted oil

Eucalyptus leaves extracted oil

Smoke bomb rat repellent (BaCl2)

Electric concentrate perfume

Aromatic paint rat repellent

Anti-rats cable coating

Anti-rats furniture coating

Health and safety