AN ANALISYS PRAGMATICS MEANING IN TWILIGHT MOVIE

BASED ON GENDER

Yudhi Nugraha
11211210008

ENGLISH EDUCATION PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
BOGOR IBN KHALDUN UNIVERSITY
2015

A. Background of Study
Language is the main key of human being to communicate. Using language,
human can communicate and share everything they want. Thus, its true that
communication is the most important tool for human being to have relationship
with other. People need to communicate in order to extend information or to
express their feeling. In social life, people can perform language as
communicative function such as requesting, promising, apologizing, expressing
agreement or disagreement and more. Therefore, language can be used in any
situation, anywhere and anytime.
Many experts have stated the definition of language. (Holmes, 1992, p. 286)
divided the function of language; the function is referential and functional.
Referential function is language that is used in order to exchange or to give
information with others. It allows people to accumulate and to share everything
related to how to solve any problem based on their nature. While functional aspect
of the language refers to the function of language used by human being
formaintaining social relationship. In this case, language is used by people to
make any interaction among them in order to make good social relationship.
Language has several aspects; they are vocabulary, structure, pronunciation
and others. One of those aspects is meaning. Meaning is very important because
without knowing the meaning, the message cannot be accepted clearly. Studying
meaning does not only deal with individual minds but it must also have
agreement among people who have the communication in social life to avoid
any misunderstanding.

In using language (communicating), people talk differently in different

circumstance with different listeners or interlocutors. However, communication
depends not only on recognizing the meaning of words in every utterance, but also
recognizing what speakers mean by their utterance. The meaning of utterance is
not only seen from its lexical meaning but also from the situation (or what socalled context). Every utterance will have different meaning if the speaker is
different. It is also different if the situation and/or the listener(s) are different.
Having different speaker or listener in communication, then, will produce
different interpretation. Thus, we need to understand the entire social context in
which a sentence is uttered. Thats why every language produced is not as simple
as its lexical meaning but also depends on the context. The study of the contextual
meaning is called pragmatics.
Pragmatics explores the role that context plays in the interpretation of what
people say. In studying pragmatics, we study about how we recognize what is
meant by even

when it

isnt actually said

or written.

In having

communication,generally we recognize the type of action performed by speaker

with utterance. The focus of studying acts in pragmatics is called speech act.
Speech act is the study of how we do things with an utterance. Speech act
describes what speaker means, what the utterance means, what speaker intends,
and what the listener understands. By studying speech act, people could
understand the notion of speech act. It will make people realized that any
utterance will have different meaning or communicative function when it is used
in different situation and context. Austin in Searle (1962, p. 11) distinguish

declarative utterances that sentence into two, namely the modus constative and
performative. Constative speech act is a speech act that states something verifiable
-right or mis-using knowledge about the world.
.With regard to speech, Austin distinguishes three kinds of action:1.
Locutions speech acts, which acts to say something with words and sentences
according to the meaning in the dictionary, and according to the rules of syntax. 2.
Illocutionary speech acts, which had the purpose of speech acts; related with
whom speak to whom, when, and where the speech act was done, and so forth.
Illocutionary speech acts associated with several functions in the mind of the
speaker. 3. Perlocutionary speech acts, which are the speaker intended to influence
the hearer. Perlokusi speech acts have as a result of the speech (things that do
listeners due illocutionary. Perlocutionary speech act occurs when an opponent
says to do something after the locutions and illocutionary.
Implicature refers to the type of "mutual agreement" between the speakers
and the hearer, the deal in understanding, that was said to be interconnected. The
relationships themselves are not contained in each utterance. That is, the meaning
of the relationship was not disclosed literally on the speech. In implicature, the
relationship between the actual speech with a purpose that is not spoken is not
absolute. Grice stated there are two kind of implicature:1. Implicatures
conventional is implicature that obtained directly from the meaning of the word,
instead of the principle of conversation. 2. Non-conventional implicature or
pragmatic implications of conversational implicature is implied in a conversation.
In communication, speech always present a pragmatic function and in speech

conversation that implied an intention or implied other pragmatic function called

conversational implicatures.
Dialogue (sometimes spelt dialog in American English) is a written or spoken
conversational exchange between two or more people, and a literary and theatrical
form that depicts such an exchange. As a narrative, philosophical or didactic
device, it is chiefly associated in the West with the Socratic dialogue as developed
by Plato, but antecedents are also found in other traditions including Indian
literature.
In the 20th century, philosophical treatments of dialogue emerged from
thinkers including Mikhail Bakhtin, Paulo Freire, Martin Buber, and David Bohm.
Although diverging in many details, these thinkers have articulated a holistic
concept of dialogue as a multi-dimensional, dynamic and context-dependent
process of creating meaning. Educators such as Freire and Ramn Flecha have
also developed a body of theory and technique for using egalitarian dialogue as a
pedagogical tool..
Conversation is a form of interactive, spontaneous communication between
two or more people. Typically it occurs in spoken communication, as written
exchanges are usually not referred to as conversations. The development of
conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of socialization. The
development of conversational skills in a new language is a frequent focus of
language teaching and learning.

B. Limitation of Problem
In this paper the writer limit the problem on analysis the understanding
students about pragmatics implicature toward text conversation. This book is
chosen for its contextual characteristics with todays setting which can be suitable
to be used as language model and also in this movie takes place in school.

C. Statement of the Problem

Based on the problems, the writer intended to find out the following
questions:
1. How far the students' understanding about pragmatics implicature toward
text conversation
2. what obstacles students in understanding students' pragmatic implicature
D. Purposes of the Study
The purposes of the study of the research are:
1. To find out how far the students' understanding about pragmatics
implicature toward text conversation
2. To know what obstacles students in understanding students' pragmatic
implicature
.
E. Significance of the Study
The results of this study can be used as one of the alternation of English
learning materials, especially in learning to understand the purpose of a speech

F. Theoretical framework
1. Definition of Language

Language is the main key of human being to communicate. Using language,

human can communicate and share everything they want. Thus, its true that
communication is the most important tool for human being to have relationship
with other. People need to communicate in order to extend information or to
express their feeling. In social life, people can perform language as
communicative function such as requesting, promising, apologizing, expressing
agreement or disagreement and more. Therefore, language can be used in any
situation, anywhere and anytime.

2. Definition of Pragmatic.
Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language with grammar
context translated or encoded in the structure of language (Pragmatics is the study
of relations between language and Reviews those contexts that are
grammaticalized, or encoded in the structure of a language) (Levinson, 1985, p.
9). In other words, pragmatics is the study of the use of language in context.
Pragmatics focuses on how speakers or writers use their knowledge to express a
meaning (Bloomer, 2005, p. 78)

3. Definition Spech Act

Speech act is the study of how we do things with an utterance. Speech act
describes what speaker means, what the utterance means, what speaker intends,
and what the listener understands. By studying speech act, people could
understand the notion of speech act. It will make people realized that any

utterance will have different meaning or communicative function when it is used

in different situation and context. Austin in Searle (1962, p. 11) distinguish
declarative utterances that sentence into two, namely the modus constative and
performative. Constative speech act is a speech act that states something verifiable
-right or mis-using knowledge about the world.
4. Implicature
Implicature refers to the type of "mutual agreement" between the speakers
and the hearer, the deal in understanding, that was said to be interconnected. The
relationships themselves are not contained in each utterance. That is, the meaning
of the relationship was not disclosed literally on the speech. In implicature, the
relationship between the actual speech with a purpose that is not spoken is not
absolute. Grice stated there are two kind of implicature:1. Implicatures
conventional is implicature that obtained directly from the meaning of the word,
instead of the principle of conversation. 2. Non-conventional implicature or
pragmatic implications of conversational implicature is implied in a conversation.
In communication, speech always present a pragmatic function and in speech
conversation that implied an intention or implied other pragmatic function called
conversational implicatures.

5. Definition Book
A book is a set of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of ink,
paper, parchment, or other materials, usually fastened together to hinge at one

side. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a
page. A set of text-filled or illustrated pages produced in electronic format is
known as an electronic book, or e-book.
Books may also refer to works of literature, or a main division of such a work.
In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it
from serial periodicals such as magazines, journals or newspapers. The body of all
written works including books is literature. In novels and sometimes other types
of books (for example, biographies), a book may be divided into several large
sections, also called books (Book 1, Book 2, Book 3, and so on). An avid reader
of books is a bibliophile or colloquially, bookworm.

6. Definition Conversation
Conversation is a form of interactive, spontaneous communication between
two or more people. Typically it occurs in spoken communication, as written
exchanges are usually not referred to as conversations. The development of
conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of socialization. The
development of conversational skills in a new language is a frequent focus of
language teaching and learning.

G. Population and Sample

The population of this research is the students of Ibn khaldun University,

There are some students of sixth semester in english departement. Sample is a part
of population becoming the subjects of research. The sample is using a technique
of random sampling.

H. Instrument
The author will design a test of Illocutionary which consist of implicature
convensional an non- convensional implicature. The author arrange a test based
on the text about the conversation from dialogue Twilight movie. The authors will
analyze the results of a matter that was done by students of sixth semester

I. Research Method
a. Method of data collection
For this study, author used qualitative method because the data are words and
sentences, not numbers. Qualitative method is a method that does not use
mathematics or statistics. Hughes ( 2003, P.ix)

Procedure of Analizyng Data

After collecting the data, the author will analyzed the implicature pragmatics
from the result of test that have done by students of University of Ibn Khaldun.
The author will counting and made the percentages of the number of students who
make misunderstanding in implicature pragmatics. Also, author will

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Austin, J.L. 1962. How to Do Things with Words. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press.
Gazdar, G. 1979. Pragmatics: Implikature, Presupposition, and
Logical Form. New York: Akademic Press.
Hughes,Christina. (2003). Disseminating Qualitative Research in
Educational Settings. London: Open University Press.
Meyer, Charles F. 2009. Introducing English Linguistics. New York: Cambridge
University Press
Mira Ariel (2010). Defining Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN
978-0-521-73203-1..
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book