Effect of Smoking on Dental and Oral Health

Smoking is already a common thing we find everywhere in the world. It has

become so widely performed well in an environment of highly educated and
less educated. Smoking has become a complex problem that involves
aspects of psychological and social phenomena.
Smoking especially can cause cardiovascular disease and cancer, both lung
cancer, esophagus, laryngeal and oral cavity.
Cancer in the oral cavity usually begins with the irritation of cigarette
products are burned and inhaled. This irritation white lesions that do not
cause pain.
Moreover smoking also can cause abnormalities of the oral cavity for
example on the tongue, gums, oral mucosa, teeth and palate in the form
nikotina stomatitis and fungal infections.

Cigarette smoke contains components and substances that are harmful to

the body. The number of components depending on the type of tobacco,
combustion temperatures, long cigarette, porosity paper wrappers, cigarette
flavoring and the presence or absence of filter. Whereas the dangerous
substances in the form of gases and particles. Cigarette smoke inhaled 90%
contains a variety of gases such as N2, O2, CO2, the remaining 10% contains
certain particles such as tar, nicotine and others. Particles in cigarette smoke
can cause cancer (carcinogenic) is ter.

EFFECT OF SMOKING ON THE TONGUE

In heavy smokers, smoking causes stimulation of the papilafiliformis (bulge /

tongue dangling at the top) so that it becomes longer (hypertrophy). Here
the burning cigarette brownish-black is deposited, so that the smoker is
difficult to feel a sense of bitter, salty, and sweet, because of damage to the
tip of the tentacle sensory (tastebuds).

EFFECT OF SMOKING ON Gums

Number of tartar in smokers were more likely than nonsmokers. Tartar are
not cleaned can cause a variety of complaints such as gingivitis or bleeding
gums. Besides, the burning cigarette can cause blood circulation to the gums
so easy to contract the disease.

Mucosal thickening AKOBAT SMOKING

Smoking is one of the causes leukoplakia is a white patches or plaques on

oral mucosa which can not be removed. This can be found at the age of 3070 years the majority of sufferers are smokers, especially men. According to
Silverman study of all cases of leukoplakia 95% were smokers.

Constant irritation of the burning tobacco causes thickening of the mucosal

tissue of the mouth. Before clinical symptoms appear, irritation of tobacco
smoke attacks the epithelial cells of the mucosa so that its activity is
increased. These symptoms only visible when cellular activity increases and
the epithelium becomes thicker, especially visible on the buccal mucosa
(mucous facing the cheek) and on the floor of the mouth. Oral mucosal
changes seen as white patches. White patches may be caused by a thick
epithelium saturated with saliva (spit). Experts say that leukoplakia is a premalignant lesions in the mouth. Leukoplakia changes become malignant 36%.

STAIN OR STAIN FOR TOBACCO

Teeth can be discolored because of tobacco. At first considered a stain

caused by nicotine, but the fact is the burning tobacco in the form of tar.
Nicotine itself is colorless and easily soluble. Shafer and his colleagues say
that the brown color occurs in regular smokers, while black color occurs in
smokers who use the pipe. The stains are easy to clean because it is only on
the plains outside the tooth. But in people who smoked all his life, the stain

can be entered into the superficial layer of the tooth enamel and difficult to
remove.

Smoking habits greatly affect oral health, especially changes in the mucosa
(mucous membrane). Most cancer in the mouth begins with changes in the
mucosa. This change does not cause pain (pre-malignant lesions) that are
not noticed until it is advanced. Therefore, if there is a white spot, as early as
possible to come to the dentist.

Make it a habit to check the teeth every 6 months, despite not having any
complaints. And the most important is a strong will to eliminate the smoking
habit, if necessary in consultation with a doctor