RESULT

EXPERIMENT 1
Pressure (Bar)

Temperature (C)

1.01

385

EXPERIMENT 2
Flow
Rate
(LPM)
0.1

Power
(W)

Tin
(C)

Tout
(C)

Tsat
(C)

Tsurf
(C)

Tsat-Tsurf
(C)

Tm
(C)

104
(W/m2)

U 102
(W/m2.K)

173

31.1

31.2

70.4

30.7

39.7

39.3

1138

363.98

0.2

182

31.2

31.3

70.6

30.3

40.3

39.3

1197

382.18

0.3

185

31.3

31.4

70.5

30.2

40.3

39.1

1217

388.48

0.4

190

32.0

32.2

71.3

31.2

40.1

39.2

1250

399.23

EXPERIMENT 3
Flow
Rate
(LPM)

Power
(W)

Tin
(C)

Tout
(C)

Tsat
(C)

Tsurf
(C)

Tsat-Tsurf
(C)

Tm
(C)

104
(W/m2)

U 102
(W/m2.K)

0.4

195

31.6

32.7

70.7

31.5

39.2

38.5

1283

410.9

0.8

230

32.7

33.8

70.7

32.8

37.9

37.4

1513

486.7

1.2

240

33.1

34.1

71.0

32.7

38.3

37.4

1579

507.2

1.6

265

33.4

34.5

70.9

32.8

38.1

36.9

1743

560.4

CALCULATIONS:

Surface Area = (0.0127m) X 0.12m

=1.52 10-5 m2

Experiment 2:
-To calculate Tm:
Tm = (T2-T1) / ln (T2/T1)
T1 =Tsaturation - Tinlet
T2 = Tsaturation Toutlet

For 0.1 LPM :Tm = (39.2-39.3) / ln (39.2/39.3)

= 39.3 C
For 0.2 LPM :-

Tm = (39.3-39.4) / ln (39.3/39.4)
= 39.3 C
For 0.3 LPM:-

Tm = (39.1-39.2) / ln (39.1/39.2)
= 39.1 C
For 0.4 LPM:-

Tm = (39.1-39.3) / ln (39.1/39.3)
= 39.2C

-To calculate 104 (W/m2):

(Power over surface area)
For 0.1 LPM :-

=173 W / 1.52 10-5 m2

=1138 W/m2
For 0.2 LPM :=182 W / 1.52 10-5 m2
=1197 W/m2
For 0.3 LPM :=185 W / 1.52 10-5 m2
=1217 W/m2
For 0.4 LPM :=190 W / 1.52 10-5 m2
=1250 W/m2

-To calculate U 102(W/m2.K):

(Power / surface area x temperature, K)
For 0.1 LPM :-

= 173 W / 4.75 10-3 m2

= 363.98 102 (W/m2.K)
For 0.2 LPM := 182 W / 4.76 10-3 m2
= 382.18 102 (W/m2.K)
For 0.3 LPM := 185 W / 4.76 10-3 m2
=388.48 102 (W/m2.K)
For 0.4 LPM := 190 W / 4.76 10-3 m2
= 399.23 102 (W/m2.K)

-Experiment 3:
-To calculate Tm:
Tm = (T2-T1) / ln (T2/T1)

T1 =Tsaturation - Tinlet
T2 = Tsaturation Toutlet

For 0.4 LPM :Tm = (38-39.1) / ln (38/39.1)

= 38.5 C
For 0.8 LPM :-

Tm = (36.9-38) / ln (36.9/38)
= 37.4 C
For 1.2 LPM :-

Tm = (36.9-37.9) / ln (36.9/37.9)
= 37.4 C
For 1.6 LPM :-

Tm = (36.4-37.5) / ln (36.4/37.5)
= 36.9 C

-To calculate 104 (W/m2):

(Power over surface area)
For 0.4 LPM :-

= 195 W / 1.52 10-5 m2

= 1283 W/m2
For 0.8 LPM := 230 W / 1.52 10-5 m2
= 1513 W/m2
For 1.2 LPM := 240 W / 1.52 10-5 m2
= 1579 W/m2
For 1.6 LPM := 265 W / 1.52 10-5 m2
= 1743 W/m2

-To calculate U 102(W/m2.K):

(Power / surface area x temperature,K)
For 0.4 LPM:-

= 195 W / 4.75 10-3 m2

= 410.9 102 (W/m2.K)
For 0.8 LPM:= 230 W / 4.73 10-3 m2
= 486.7 102 (W/m2.K)
For 1.2 LPM:= 240W / 4.73 10-3 m2
= 507.2 102 (W/m2.K)
For 1.6 LPM:= 265 W / 4.73 10-3 m2
= 560.4 102 (W/m2.K)

DISCUSSIONS:
Condensation of liquids can occur in two different modes which is filmwise or
dropwise. Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from gas phase into
liquid phase or change in the state of water vapor to liquid water.

Filmwise condensation most heat transfer on a heat exchanger made of wettable

materials. During condensation, a film of condensate spreads over these surfaces. As more
vapour condenses on the outside of the film, its thickness increases and the film will start
flowing downwards due to its weight. Heat transfer occurs through this film of condensate to
the surface material beneath, then to the cooling medium. The liquid film is generally a poor
conductor of heat, contributing much to the thermal resistance and inefficiency of this mode
of condensation.
For dropwise condensation if the heat transfer treated to become non-wettable, the
condensate that forms on the surface will be shaped like spherical beads. The beads adheres
together to become larger as condensation proceeds. The bigger beads will then start to flow
downwards due to their weight, thus collecting all other static beads along the way. As the
beads increase in size, it will also increase the velocity and finally will leaving a trail of bare
surface free from liquid film. This bare surface offers very little resistance to the transfer of
heat.
Dropwise condensation is more effective than filmwise condensation in temperature
difference between vapour and surface but it will occur with involving special surface
finishes or treatment in order to maintain it.
Special water cooled condenser surface finish enhanced the process of dropwise
condensation thus prevent wetting of the surface. Droplets from the condensation process that
occur under gravity wipe the surface clean ready for more droplets to form. Condensation
then occurs in droplets which grow and fall under gravity. This continuous cleaning puts the
water cooled surface in direct contact with the vapour.
Dropwise condensation have more advantage than filmwise condensation which are
has smaller heat transfer area, has smaller temperature difference and has large heat transfer
rate for a fixed set of conditions.
From results, the conclusion that we can made is average heat transfer of filmwise
condensation is lower than the dropwise condensation coefficient when compare it with the
value of heat flux and heat transfer coefficient calculated based on the data obtained. The
experiment is successful and all the objectives in this experiment is achieved.