Question 1:

Code:
"Given:"
"q_s decreases linearly with x until it reaches 0 at x=L"
"q_s denotes surface heat flux"
"To find"
"1. Mean temperature of fluid as a function of x"
"2. Surface temperature of duct as a function of x"
"Solution of heat transfer problem in a pipe"
"Solution of 1st part"
"From energy balance"
DTmdx=q_s*P/(m*cp)
"DTmdx denotes derivative of mean temperature w.r.t x , P denotes perimeter of pipe , m
denotes mass flow rate , cp denotes specific heat capacity"
"Since parametric values are not given in question therefore we will assume the values to be 1.0
for plotting purpose"
"Assuming"
P=1.0
m=1.0
cp=1.0
L=1.0
"Therefore"
"Now q_s decreases linearly with x therefore variation of q_s is:"
q_s=q_s_peak*(1-x/L)
"Assuming"
q_s_peak=1.0
"Now to find T_m we need to integrate the above equation"
T_m= integral(q_s,x)
" A parametric table is created that includes the variables T-m and x; the value of x in the table is
varied from 0 to 1.0 in intervals of 0.01"
"The results in the parametric table are plotted in Figure 1:"

"Now solution of 2nd part i.e variation of surface temperature with x"
T_s=T_m + (q_s/h)
"T-s denotes surface temperature"
"where h is convective heat transfer coefficient and in current problem its value is assumed to be
1.0"
h=1.0
" A parametric table is created that includes the variables T-s and x; the value of x in the table is
varied from 0 to 1.0 in intervals of 0.01"
"The results in the parametric table are plotted in Figure 2:"

Explanations:
a)
From Energy Balance:
dTm qs" * P

dx
m*c
Now we know that heat flux decreases linearly with x

Therefore:

qs" q"peak (1 x )
L

Tm
Now integrating the expression

qs" * P
dx
m*c

qs" h(Ts Tm )

b)
Therefore

Ts Tm qs" / h

Question 2:
Code:
"Given:"
"Flow through a recytangular duct"
"Data Given:"
L=0.5[m]
H=0.01[m]
W=0.05[m]
T_s=200[K]
T_in=100[K]
mdot=0.25[kg/s]
rho=1000[kg/m^3]
c=100[J/kg-K]
mu=0.01[Pa-s]
k=1.0[W/m-K]

"half length of the duct"

"height of the duct"
"width of the duct"
"surface temperature of the first section of duct"
"inlet temperature of fluid"
"mass flow rate"
"density of fluid"
"heat capacity of fluid"
"dynamic viscosity of fluid"
"thermal conductivity of fluid"

"Calculated Parameters"
Pr=mu*c/k
D_h=(4*A_c/P)
A_c=W*H
P=(2*(W+H))

"Prandtl Number"
"calculation for hydraulic diameter"
"cross sectional area"
"perimeter"

v_m=mdot/(rho*A_c)

"mean fluid velocity"

" part a: To determine if the flow is laminar or turbulent"

Re_d = rho*v_m*D_h/mu

"Reynolds number"

" part b : To calculate hydrodynamic and thermal entry lengths"

x_fd_h=0.06*Re_d*H
x_fd_t=0.06*Re_d*Pr*H

"hydrodynamic entry length"

"thermal entry length"

"part c: variation of pressure as a function of x"

dp_dx = -(delta_p/L)
delta_p = 3*mu*L*v_m/(h^2)
"pressure= (dp_dx)*x"
duct"

"Pressure variation with x for the second part of

" parametric table is created that includes the variables "

"The results in the parametric table are plotted in Figure 1:"
"part d : to estimate the pressure drop across the duct "
f=0.13
g=9.81[m/s^2]
h_f = f*2*L*v_m*v_m/(D_h*2*g)

"Average friction factor"

delta_p_new = rho*g*h_f

" part f : To calculate average heat transfer coefficient"

Nu= 5.2
h_avg = Nu*k/D_h

"Average Nusselt Number"

"Average heat transfer coefficient"

"part g: Mean temperature of the fluid leaving the first section of the duct"
T_m_out = T_s - ((exp(-(P*L*h_avg)/(mdot*c)))*(T_s-T_in))
" part h : mean temperature as a function of position x in the duct "
T_m_x = (T_s - ((exp(-(P*x*h_avg)/(mdot*c)))*(T_s-T_in))) " mean temperature of fluid in
the first part of duct"
T_m_x_1 = 175.0
"mean temperature of fluid in the second part of duct"
"part i:

Calculations by EES:

Explanations:
a) From the calculation shown above by EES Reynolds number = 833.3
Since Re < 2300 ; Flow in the duct is laminar
x fd , h 0.06* Re d * h

b)
x fd ,t 0.06* Re d * Pr* h

From the calculations:

x fd , h 0.5m

x fd ,t 0.5m

,
P 3* * L *Vm h 2

c)
dp
P
dx

From calculations
dp
150
dx

Therefore after integration P = -150x

hf f

LVm2
2* g * Dh

d)
P * g * h f

From calculations

P 975 Pa

e) As
is directly proportional to
( directly related to surface roughness) , therefore If the
roughness of the surface of the duct is increased substantially the pressure drop across the duct
would change significantly.

Nu hDh / k

f)
h Nu * k / Dh

Therefore
From calculations

h 312 W / m 2 K

.
Tm _ out Ts exp P * L * h / m* c * Ts Tin

g)
From calculations
Tm _ out
= 152.7 K

.
Tm (x) Ts exp P * x * h / m* c * Ts Tin

Tm (x) 175.0

h)

i)

0 x 0.5
0.5 x 1.0

1. At x=0.0

x x fd ,t / 2

2. At

x x fd ,t

3 & 4 . At

(since by calculation
shown for 3rd and 4th part)

5. At x= LTotal

x fd ,t
= L , therefore only one graph has been