Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
viscometer (Hppler)
SOP-KTH-HOPVISC-Ver:1
(2)
The liquid has a dynamic viscosity, which produces a resistance against the ball movement.
This frictional force is derived from the Stokes's law:
F2=6ru (3)
u:velocity of the ball
(4)
is:
Generally for simplification the constant coefficients are changed into a single coefficient, K:
K is viscometer constant and can be determined by using distilled water as it has well-known
viscosity [3].
3.1. Technical data for the equipment [1]:
Measuring range:
0.6-80000 mPa.s according to DIN 53015
Limit:
30-300 s
Inaccuracy of measurement:
0,5-2 % according to the diameter of ball
Temperature range:
-60...+150 oC
Measuring distance:
100mm (50mm between upper and middle
lines in both directions)
3.2. Equipment
In measuring viscosity by Hppler viscometer one needs a stop watch and a thermometer
and a water bath in order to have homogenous bath temperature besides studied solutions
and distilled water for calibration. A schematic Hppler viscometer is shown in figure 2.
Material
Density
(gr/cm3)
1
2
3
4
5
6
glass
glass
glass
alloy
alloy
alloy
2.228
2.228
2.411
8.144
7.909
7.907
Ball
weight
(gr)
4.599
4.816
4.454
16.055
14.536
11.073
Ball constant
(mPa. cm3/gr)
0.00891
0.0715
0.07755
0.1239
0.6523
-
Measuring
range
(mPa.s)
0.6-10
7-130
30-700
200-4800
800-10000
6000-75000
Distilled water
Glycerine mixed (pure or in appropriate ratio
with water)
Methyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol (pure or
mixed in appropriate ratio with water)
5.2. Before starting the measurement, it is better to turn the falling tube up and down at least
once in order to enhance temperature uniformity along the tube.
5.3. Turn the falling tube 180 degree. Start stop watch when the ball reaches to the first
marks on the tube, and measure the time between the two marks. For better and more
accurate results it is recommended to repeat the measurement 10 times at each
temperature.
5.4. After changing the bath temperature, its highly recommended to wait at least 20 minutes
to ensure temperature stability for the sample.
5.5. At the end of the experiment, empty the tube from the liquid and remove the ball from
the tube very carefully. Clean the tube with suitable solvent and/or a brush.
5.6. Write down the density of liquid and ball,L and s respectively. Calculate the average t
for each temperature and calculate the viscosity using equation (9).
6. Calibration
For calculating the viscometer constant, do all the above steps with a liquid which has a
known viscosity such as distilled water but use the dynamic viscosity of distilled water in
equation (9) and calculate the viscometer constant, K [2].
Notes:
-The liquid in the falling tube should be free of bubbles.
-Generally the measurement for calibration is done at 20C.
-Measuring of the time starts when the lower edge of the ball touches the upper mark and
ends when crosses the lower mark [2].
7. Re-calibration
7.1. As some of the nanoparticles tend to stick to the surface it is important to check the
calibration of the viscometers at regular intervals. In the initial phase of Nanohex project,
the viscometers should be checked after cleaning after each run with nanofluids. The
check should be done by measuring the viscosity of distilled water at room temperature.
The deviation from previously measured values must not be larger than 5%.
8. References
[1] - Anleitung G.,Hoppler Viskosimeter,D.R.P.Nr.644312.
[2] - Rheo Tec Messtechnik GmbH,Operating manual, Falling Ball Viscometer
KF10,Germany.
Available at www.rheotec.de
[3] - DocStoc,2008,Using a falling-ball viscosimeter to determine the viscosity,version1.1,
Available at http://www.docstoc.com/docs/28564042/Using-a-falling-ball-viscosimeter-todetermine-the-viscosity-of/