FINAL DATA SHEET

Table 4.1

Delta to Wye Transformation

Delta
R1
Measured
23
Wye
Ra
Measured 1.1967
Calculated 1.1967

Table 4.2

R2
3
Rb
0.8333
0.8333

R3
10
Rc
6.3889
6.3889

RL
2011
RL
2011
2011

I1
-5.46A
I1'
-5.46A
-

I2
-2.25mA
I2'
-2.25mA
-

Va
-10.47V
Va'
-10.47V
-

Vb
15V
Vb'
15V
-

Vc
4.23V
Vc'
4.23V
-

I1
I2
-577.02mA -855.27uA
I1'
I2'
-577.02mA -855.27uA
-

Va
13.28V
Va'
13.28V
-

Vb
15V
Vb'
15V
-

Vc
1.27V
Vc'
1.27V
-

Wye to Delta Transformation

Delta
R1
Measured
23
Wye
Ra
Measured 109.6667
Calculated 109.6667

R2
3
Rb
32.9
32.9

R3
10
Rc
14.3043
14.3043

RL
2011
RL
2011
2011

SAMPLE COMPUTATION

For Table 4.1

Delta to Wye Transformation

Wye (Calculated)

For Table 4.2

Wye to Delta Transformation

Delta (Calculated)

GRAPH

Delta to Wye Transformation

25

20

15

10

0
Delta

R1
23

R2
3

R3
10

Wye

1.9167

0.8333

6.3889

This graph shows the relationship of the resistances between Delta resistor
connection to the wye resistor connection. The three points used in this graph
were from the data obtained from the experiment. The values of the resistors in
delta are greater than the resistor values in wye. This is always true if the wye
and delta connection are equivalent.

DISCUSSION
The fourth experiment is concerned with wye to delta and delta to wye
transformation. In order to assist us in the analysis of the facts provided by
the experiment, certain predefinitions are enlisted. One of which is the threephase electric power systems. In electrical engineering, three-phase electric
power systems have at least three conductors carrying alternating current
voltages that are offset in time by one-third of the period. A three-phase
system may be arranged in delta () or wye (Y) (also denoted as star in some
areas). Since three-phase is used so often for power distributions systems, it
makes sense that three-phase transformers are needed to be able to step the
voltages up or down. A three-phase transformer is made of three sets of
primary and secondary windings, each set wound around one leg of an iron
core assembly. Those sets of primary and secondary windings will be connected
in either or Y configurations to form a complete unit. Y connections provide
the opportunity for multiple voltages, while connections enjoy a higher level
of reliability.
A delta-wye
transformer is
a
type
of three-phase electric
power transformer design that employs delta-connected windings on its primary
and wye/star connected windings on its secondary. A neutral wire can be
provided on wye output side. It can be a single three-phase transformer, or
built from three independent single-phase units. An equivalent term is delta-star
transformer. Delta-wye transformers are common in commercial, industrial, and
high-density residential locations, to supply three-phase distribution systems. It
is not to be confused with wye-delta transform. In wye-delta transform, the
transformation is used to establish equivalence for networks with three
terminals. Where three elements terminate at a common node and none are
sources, the node is eliminated by transforming the impedances. For
equivalence, the impedance between any pair of terminals must be the same
for both networks.

Wye (Y) connection is a method of connecting the ends of the windings

of a poly-phase transformer; each of the three windings is joined at a common
point; the other ends of the windings provide the line-to-line voltages. A delta
connection, meanwhile, is a combination of three components connected in
series to form a triangle like the Greek letter delta. Delta connection is also
known as mesh connection.

Three terminal network, delta and wye, is said to be equivalent to each

other if the corresponding resistances measured between the pair of terminals
are equal.
To convert delta connection to wye connection, we use the formula given
below:

To convert wye connection to delta connection, we use the formula given

below:

The transformation formula is based in the concept that if the two

connections are equivalent then the resistances seen across the pair of
terminals are also equivalent.

CONCLUSION
In this experiment, several objectives are set in order to facilitate better
understanding of the lesson. First is to identify the delta connection of
resistance and wye connection in complicated network circuits. Second is to
demonstrate and verify the corresponding responses between delta connected
resistors and its equivalent wye connected resistors. Finally, the experiment aims
to learn and demonstrate the transformation principles involved in converting
the delta connection of resistors top the wye connection or vice versa.
The experiment is performed individually with the help of a computer
software called Tina Pro. The class individually simulated values based from
their student number and came up with values for the current and voltage of
delta to wye connections and wye to delta connections.
On the first part of the experiment (delta to wye transformation), I
observed that circuits in delta configuration can be converted into wye
configuration. With 15V as the voltage, the total resistance across the circuit in
delta should be the same as the wye for the two configurations to be
equivalent. The resistors in delta () can be replaced by resistors connected in
wye (Y), with the total resistance for both cases constant, in order to do the
transformation. The resulting current for both the delta and wye connection are
the same which proves that the experiment is correct.
On the second part of the experiment (wye to delta transformation), I
observed that wye configured resistors can be converted into delta configured
connection. The total resistance for both cases is also constant. The current
measured in the wye configured connection is the same as the delta configured
connection.
There were some who encountered errors in the experiment which is
mainly due to incorrect values when converting the resistors for the delta to
wye or the wye to delta transformation. It is therefore recommended to check
the computations thoroughly before entering the values in Tina Pro.

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

1.
When is the delta connection of resistors equivalent to the wye
connection resistors?
The delta connected resistors can be replaced by the equivalent
wye connected resistor circuit through mathematical transformation. The
two circuits are said to be equivalent because when they are connected
to an external source, or sources, they exhibit identical behavior.
In order for the two circuits to be equivalent, they must exhibit
resistances between a, b, and c terminals.
Each resistor in the wye network is the product of the resistors in
the two adjacent delta branches, divided by the sum of the three delta
resistors.
2.

What are the practical applications of the technique delta-wye

transformation? Discuss briefly the different practical applications.
Delta-wye is a common type of 3-phase transformer configuration. It
offers a good voltage gain and the delta transformer is useful in unstable
systems for removing the third harmonics. Transformers need not be
connected in the same pattern on the primary and the secondary.
Depending on the desired voltage level and level of step-up (increase) or
step-down (decrease), the patterns may change. To get the greatest step-up,
the transformation ratio is best if the primary is connected delta and the
secondary is connected wye. Likewise, to get the largest decrease in voltage,
the ratio of transformation is the greatest if the primary is connected wye
and the secondary is connected delta. The transformation is necessary for
analyzing the circuit.

3.

Determine the total resistance across the terminals from the figure below.

a.

Transform the delta (upper

loop) to wye

b.

Find the total resistance

(

4.

Determine the total resistance across the terminals from the figure below.

a. Transform Loop A and B (which are in delta) to wye.

b. Find total resistance.

{[

5.

) ]

] }

2.2493

Determine the total resistance across the terminals from the figure below.

a.

Combine R75 and R25 : Ra

Ra = 75+25 = 100

b.

Combine R15 and R35 : Rb

Rb = 15+35 = 50

c.

Transform to Y (upper: R100, R20, R30; and lower R30, R20, R50)

d.

Combine the resistors in parallel

Let: Sum of resistors on the right in series be Rc

Rc = 40 + 10

+ 10

= 60

Let: Sum of resistors on the right in series be Rd

Rd = 26 + 8

+ 6

= 40

Rd||Rc: Re

e.

Find RT
RT = 24 +1 +10 +15

= 50

6.

Determine io from the given circuit below.

Transform the upper loop into wye.

a.

Find total resistance

b.

Find total current

c.

Find I1 and I2

By Current Divider Principle

d.

Find io

Using Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (Lower Triangular Loop]

from the original Figure) clockwise

(46 )(

Io = 3 A

(50 )(io)-(9 )(14A) = 0

REFERENCES:

http://www.engineersblogsite.com/delta-to-wye-and-wye-to-delta-conversion.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-%CE%94_transform
http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/dccircuits/dcp_10.html
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_1/chpt_10/13.html
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_2/chpt_10/6.html
http://www.answers.com/Q/Application_of_Y-delta_transformations
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phase#Conversion_to_other_phase_systems