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LaryngitisWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Laryngitis
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Laryngitisisan
inflammationofthelarynx.It
causeshoarsevoiceor
temporarycompletelossof
thevoicebecauseofirritation
tothevocalfolds(vocal
cords).Dysphoniaisthe
medicaltermforavocal
disorder,ofwhichlaryngitis
isonecause.
Laryngitisiscategorisedas
acuteifitlastslessthanthree
weeksandchronicifitlast
overthreeweeks.Thechronic
formoccursmostlyinmiddle
ageandismuchmore
commoninmenthanwomen.
Antibioticsdonotappearto
beveryusefulintheacute
form.[1]

Laryngitis

Endoscopicimageofinflamedlarynxcausedbyacidreflux.
Classificationandexternalresources
Specialty

Otorhinolaryngology

ICD10

J04.0
(http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2015/en#/J04.0),
J37.0
(http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2015/en#/J37.0)

ICD9CM

464.0(http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?
icd9=464.0)464.4
(http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=464.4),
476.0(http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?
icd9=476.0)476.1
(http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=476.1)

DiseasesDB 29347(http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb29347.htm)
MedlinePlus 001385
(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001385.htm)
eMedicine

ent/353(http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic353.htm)ent/354
(http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic354.htm#)

PatientUK Laryngitis(http://patient.info/doctor/Laryngitis)
MeSH

D007827(https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?
field=uid&term=D007827)

Contents
1 Signsandsymptoms
2 Causes
2.1 Noninfectious
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2.2 Infectious
3 Diagnosis
4 Treatment
5 Prognosis
6 References
7 Externallinks

Signsandsymptoms
Dry,sore,burningthroat
Coughing,bothacausingfactorandsymptomoflaryngitis
Dysphagia(difficultyinswallowing)
Sensationofswellingintheareaofthelarynx
Coldorflulikesymptoms(which,likeacough,mayalso
bethecausalfactorforlaryngitis)
Swollenlymphnodesinthethroat,chest,orface
Fever
Coughingoutblood
shortnessofbreath,predominantlyinchildren
Increasedproductionofsaliva.

Laryngitis

Inearlystages,erythema(reddening)andedemaofepiglottis,
aryepiglotticfolds,arytenoidsandventricularfoldsoccurs.Inlatestages,thevocalfoldsandsubglottic
structuresarealsoinvolved.Therearestickysecretionsbetweencordsandininterarytenoidregion.
Sometimes,submucoushemorrhageisseen,especiallyincaseofvocalabuse.Acutemembranous
laryngitis,aconditionresemblingacutemembranoustonsillitis,iscausedbypyogenicnonspecific
organisms.Ithastobedifferentiatedfromlaryngealdiphtheria.Insomecasestighteningofthechest
maybepresentduetoCOPDorotherrelevantbreathingdisorder.

Causes
Laryngitiscanbeinfectiousaswellasnoninfectiousinorigin.

Noninfectious
Acidrefluxdisease,resultinginlaryngitisgastrica
Allergies
Excessiveorchroniccoughing,smoking,oralcoholconsumption.
Inflammationduetooveruseofthevocalcords[2][3][4][5][6]
Prolongeduseofinhaledcorticosteroidsforasthmatreatment
Thermalorchemicalburns
Laryngealtrauma,includingiatrogeniconecausedbyendotrachealintubation

Infectious
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Virallaryngitiscanbecausedbyrhinovirus,influenzavirus,parainfluenzavirus,adenovirus,
coxsackievirus,coronavirus,andRSV.
BacteriallaryngitiscanbecausedbygroupAstreptococcus,streptococcuspneumoniae,C.
diphtheriae,M.catarrhalis,haemophilusinfluenzae,bordetellapertussis,bacillusanthracis,and
M.tuberculosis.Bacterialinfectionsusuallyfollowpreexistingviralinfection.
FungallaryngitiscanbecausedbyHistoplasma,Blastomyces,Candida(especiallyin
immunocompromisedpersons),andrarelybyCryptococcusandCoccidioides.
Laryngitiscanoccasionallyleadtopneumonia,eitherviralpneumoniaorbacterialpneumonia.

Diagnosis
Acutelaryngitis
Chroniclaryngitis
Granulomatouslaryngitis
Pseudomyxomatouslaryngitis

Treatment
Generalmeasures:Voicerestisimportant.[7]Steaminhalationswithtinctureofbenzoinoroilof
pineoreucalyptushelploosensecretions.Coughsuppressantsaresometimesgiventoreduce
cough.Foraseverelyinflamedlarynx,ahumidifierorvaporizerisusedtomoistentheairinhaled
byperson.
Iflaryngitisiscausedbygastroesophagealreflux,anH2inhibitor(suchasranitidine)orproton
pumpinhibitor(suchasomeprazole)isusedtoreducegastricacidsecretions.
Iflaryngitisiscausedbythermalorchemicalburns,steroidsareused.
Invirallaryngitis,drinkingsufficientfluidsishelpful.
Iflaryngitisisduetoabacterialorfungalinfection,appropriateantibioticorantifungaltherapyis
given.
Ifpersistenthoarsenessorlossofvoice(dysphonia)isaresultofvocalcordnodules,physicians
mayrecommendacourseoftreatmentthatmayincludeasurgicalprocedureand/orspeech
therapy.
Antibioticsdonotappeartobeveryuseful.[1]

Prognosis
Mostcasesoflaryngitisareviralandresolvewithouttreatmentwithsufficientvoicerest.Laryngitis,
hoarseness,orbreathinessthatlastsformorethantwoweeksmaysignalavoicedisorderandshouldbe
followedupwithavoicepathologist.ThisistypicallyavocologycertifiedSLP(speechlanguage
pathologist)oralaryngologist(voicespecializedENT).

References
1.Reveiz,LCardona,AF(23May2015)."Antibioticsforacutelaryngitisinadults.".TheCochranedatabase
ofsystematicreviews5:CD004783.doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004783.pub5.PMID26002823.
2.TitzeIR,LemkeJ,MontequinD(1997)."PopulationsintheU.S.workforcewhorelyonvoiceasaprimary
tooloftrade:apreliminaryreport".JVoice11(3):2549.doi:10.1016/S08921997(97)800021.
PMID9297668.
3.PopoloPS,SvecJG,TitzeIR(2005)."AdaptationofaPocketPCforuseasawearablevoicedosimeter".J.
SpeechLang.Hear.Res.48(4):78091.doi:10.1044/10924388(2005/054).PMID16378473.
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4.TitzeIR,HunterEJ,SvecJG(2007)."Voicingandsilenceperiodsindailyandweeklyvocalizationsof
teachers".J.Acoust.Soc.Am.121(1):46978.doi:10.1121/1.2390676.PMID17297801.
5.NixJ,SvecJG,LaukkanenAM,TitzeIR(2007)."Protocolchallengesforonthejobvoicedosimetryof
teachersintheUnitedStatesandFinland".JVoice21(4):38596.doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.03.005.
PMID16678386.
6.CarrollT,NixJ,HunterE,EmerichK,TitzeI,AbazaM(2006)."Objectivemeasurementofvocalfatiguein
classicalsingers:avocaldosimetrypilotstudy".OtolaryngolHeadNeckSurg135(4):595602.
doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2006.06.1268.PMID17011424.
7.LaryngitisTreatmentNHSChoices(http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Laryngitis/Pages/Treatment.aspx)

Externallinks
Laryngitis
(https://www.dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Ear%2C_Nose_and_Throat/Throat/Lary
ngitis/)atDMOZ
MayoClinic(http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/laryngitis/DS00366)
UniversityofMarylandMedicalCenter(http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/laryngitis
000099.htm/)
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laryngitis&oldid=708364962"
Categories: Inflammations Humanvoice Voicedisorders Acuteupperrespiratoryinfections
Humanthroat Laryngology
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