Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
on
Computational Fluid Dynamics
The National Mission on Education Through ICT
(MHRD, Government of India)
March 12 March 16
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Course Coordinators
Bhalchandra Puranik
Atul Sharma
Project Coordinator
Professor D. B. Phatak
Project Manager
Mukta Atrey
PART I
Essentials of Fluid Mechanics
Bhalchandra Puranik
Topics
Introduction - 1
Scope of Fluid Mechanics: Equilibrium and
motion of fluids.
Applications: Various branches of Science
and Engineering; Natural phenomena;
Sports.
Fluid*: When at rest, cannot resist a shear
force, no matter how small => no static
equilibrium under the action of shear force.
Introduction - 2
Fluids: Liquids and Gases.
Microscopic (Molecular) or Macroscopic
approaches:
Molecular: Follow each molecule; Practically,
statistical methods.
Macroscopic: Overall/average behavior; Continuum
model.
Continuum model:
Continuous distribution of fluid matter and the
associated properties.
Disregard the discrete molecular structure.
Use methods of differential calculus (point-wise smooth
distribution of fluid properties).
Five-Day ISTE Workshop on CFD
Introduction - 3
Continuum model:
Validity of continuum model?
Concept of a fluid point => statistically consistent
values of properties (e.g., density) in an
infinitesimally small volume.
The mean free path (l) << Linear dimension of the
fluid point volume << Characteristic dimension of
the problem (L).
The Knudsen number, Kn = l /L.
If Kn < 0.001 (approx.), continuum model is valid.
Invalid for (i) highly rarefied flows, (ii)
micro/nanoscale flows.
Introduction - 4
Important physical properties:
Pressure (p): molecular origin, compressive in
nature.
Density (r): mass per unit volume.
Specific weight ( = rg): weight per unit volume.
Specific volume (v=1/ r):volume per unit mass.
Dynamic viscosity (m):characterization of the
resistance offered by a fluid in motion to the
applied shear forces.
Introduction - 5
Dynamic viscosity:
A simple shear flow: only u=u(y)
du
u y
dy
y
x
du
u y t ut
dy
1
du
t 0
dy
t
y
Introduction - 6
Dynamic viscosity:
t(stress set-up in the fluid to oppose the
applied shear stress).
In general
n
du
dy
Introduction - 7
References:
M. C. Potter, D. C. Wiggert, Fluid Mechanics, India
Edition, Cengage Learning, 2010. (Chapter 1)
V. Gupta, S. K. Gupta, Fluid Mechanics and Its
Applications, 2nd Edition, New Age International, 2011.
(Chapter 1)
R. W. Fox, P. J. Pritchard, A. T. McDonald, Introduction
to Fluid Mechanics, 7th Edition (SI Version), Wiley India
Edition, 2010. (Chapters 1, 2)