AP Calculus:

Fundamental Theorem
of Calculus

2008
Curriculum Module
 x
F ( x) f (t ) dt
a

b
f (x) dx F(b) F(a) f.
a
1 x 4

2 x 5
 a
f (x) dx 0,
a

b a
f (x) dx f (x) dx,
a b

a b c
b c c
f (x) dx f (x) dx f (x) dx
a b a

F1 (x) 3

2 1
F1 ( x) 3( 2 0) 3( 1 0) 3(0 0) 3(1 0) 3(2 0) 3(3 0) 3( x 0)

F2 (x) 3

2 1
F2 ( x ) 3( 2 1) 3( 1 1) 3(0 1) 3(1 1) 3(2 1) 3(3 1) 3( x 1)

F1 ( x) F2 ( x)
F1 ( x) F2 ( x)
 G1 (x) 2x

x 2 1
4( 2 0) 2( 1 0) 0(0 0) 2(1 0) 4(2 0) 6(3 0) 2 x( x 0)
G1 ( x)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

x 2 1
G 2 ( x)

G2 (x) 2x
G1 ( x) G 2 ( x)
G1 ( x) G 2 ( x)
 1
2 1 3

u 6 3 1 1
6( 3 0) 2( 1 0) 2(1 0) 6(3 0) 12(6 0) 2u (u 0)
H (u) 2 2 0 2 2 2 2

(u, H (u))
 f (t ) 3 [ 2,3]

2 1
F1 ( x)

( x, F1 ( x))
F1 ( x)

F1 ( x)

F1 (x)?

f (t ) 3 [ 2,3]

2 1
F2 ( x )
 ( x, F2 ( x)) F1 ( x)
F2 ( x)

F2 ( x)

F2 ( x) ?

F1 ( x) F2 ( x)

g (t ) 2t [ 2,3]

2 1
G1 ( x)

( x, G1 ( x))
G1 ( x)

G1 ( x)

G1 ( x) ?
 x 2 1
G 2 ( x)

( x, G2 ( x)) G1 ( x)
G 2 ( x)

G 2 ( x)

G2 ( x) ?

G1 ( x) G 2 ( x)

f (t) 2t
 1 1
x 2 1 3 3

u 6 1

H (u)
(u, H (u))

H (u)

H (u)

H (u)

H (x)

H (x)
 x x
F(x) 2 2t dt 2t t 2 2x x2 1
1 1

F (x) 2 2x

F (x) 3
F (x) 3
F ( x) 2 x
F ( x) 2 x
F ( x) 2 2x
F ( x) 2 2x
F ( x) sin x
F ( x) sin x

F ( x) 2(sin x) cos x
 F (x)

x x
F(x) 3dt F(x) 3dt
0 1

x x
F(x) 2t dt F(x) 2t dt
0 1

x x
F ( x) (2 2t )dt F ( x) (2 2t )dt
0 1

x x
F(x) sin t dt F(x) sin t dt
0 1

3x sin x
F(x) 2t dt F(x) 2t dt
0 0
G(x) F(x) C
 x
f (t) dt F(x) C
a

a
f (t) dt F(a) C 0, C F (a)
a

b
f (t) dt F(b) C
a

b b
f (t) dt F(b) F(a) F(b) F(a) f (t) dt
a a

h(t )
5
h(t) dt
0

v(t )
10
v(t) dt
3

b(t )
6
b(t) dt
2
 v(t )
x(t ) t 2
t 10
t 2 t 10

t 0)
 d x2
sin t 3 dt
dx 0

cos(x 6 )

r (t ) t3 4t 2 6
0 t 8

3.514 8 2.667 3.514 2.667

r (t )dt r (t )dt r (t )dt r (t )dt r (t )dt
1.572 0 0 1.572 0

t 0
a (t ) ln(1 2 t ) t 1
t 2

0.462 1.609 2.555 2.886

x
g(x) sin t 2 dt
0

1 x 3

1 x 0 0 x 1.772 1.253 x 2.171 1.772 x 2.507 2.802 x 3

 dy
3x 2 4x 5 y 2 1, find y 3 .
dx

y 3x 2 4x 5 dx

y 3

y 3x 2 4x 5 dx

y x 3 2x 2 5x C

1 8 8 10 C
7 C

y x 3 2x 2 5x 7

y 3 27 18 15 7 23

b
f x dx f b f a
a

3
y dx y 3 y 2
2

3
y 3 y 2 y dx
2

3
y 3 1 3x 2 4x 5 dx
2

3
y 3 1 (x3 2x 2 5x)
2
 y 3 1 27 18 15 8 8 10

y 3 23

y 3 23

f x sin x 2 and f 2 5. Find f 1 .

2
f x dx f 2 f 1
1

2
f 1 f 2 f x dx
1

2
f 1 5 sin x 2 dx
1

f 1 5.495
 f

f 2 5
f 6
f 0 f 2

0 1
f 0 f 2 f x dx 5 2 4 9
2 2
f
2 1
f 2 f 2 f x dx 5 4 4 13
2 2

6 1 1
f 6 f 2 f x dx 5 4 4 22 13 2
2 2 2
 f
Area = 4
Area = 2
f 0
f 3 5 f 7 f 9

3 Area = 9
f 0 f 3 f x dx 5 4 1
0

f
7
f 7 f 3 f x dx 5 9 4
3

9
f 9 f 3 f x dx 5 9 2 2
3

0,1 , 3, 5 , 7, 4 , and 9, 2
0 x 1.5 f
1.5 x 5 f 5 x 8 f
8 x 9 f
 0.1t
r t 6e C

5 0.1t
95 6e dt 71.392 C
0
 1
y 2 and y 1 6. Find y 3 .
x2

f x cos 2x and f 0 3. Find f .

4

dW 1 dW
600 20t t 2 , where
dt 75 dt

f x cos x3 and f 0 2. Find f 1 .

x2
f x e and f 5 1. Find f 2 .

x t

v t 5sin t 2 .

F t
2t

t 0
t
v t s 0 5.
1 t2
 f

1 ex
f x f 3.1
x2

x2
1 x5 f 1 5 f 4

In Problems 11–13, use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and the given graph. Each
tick mark on the axes below represents one unit.

4
f x dx 6.2 and f 1 3. Find f 4 .
1

f 4 given that f 4 7.
 f

f 2 5

f 1

f 4

f 8
32
3

7
2

7 8