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Supervision and quality control check list

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INTRODUCITON
This checklist for site supervisors is issued in order to ensure a uniform
system of supervision of building construction projects constructed in
the region of those projects budgeted by the government.
As a result to ensure the quality of construction, this checklist used as
guidelines for the supervisors and shows level of responsibilities,
liabilities and limitations of the supervisor are briefly mentioned in the
steps to the general terms.
Details of construction may specify in the drawings, technical
specifications and in the general and special conditions of the contract.
The duty of the site Engineers/Supervisors is to ensure that the
construction works are executed in accordance with the contract
requirement.
Therefore, in the application of this checklist the details specified in the
contract document always precede before the application and use of it.
There are also tables and forms in this checklist that help as records of
the incidences affecting the work and as references. In addition the
standard technical specification is used as reference on the preparation
of this checklist and shall always have precedence over the checklist.
Oromia Regional State Government BWUD

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Supervision and quality control check list

1. PREPARATIONS AND SITE INVESTIGATION


Check::1.1

The site visually if underground utilities cross it.

1.2

The site on maps showing the location of underground structures


and utilities to avoid breaking them during construction.

1.3

The site plan and layout of buildings and sewer system especially
concerning levels and soil condition. If changes are necessary
submit a written report to the designer.

1.4

The area to be cleared off and take measurements.

1.5

The trees and bushes within the foundation to be cut and rooted
up as given in the standard technical specification.

1.6

Permission is obtained from local authorities to cut down trees


outside the foundation areas.

1.7

Boarder lines are agreed with local municipality and corner


stones placed.

1.8

The connection points for water and electricity are agreed upon
with WSA and EEPCO local authorities.

1.9

All necessary temporary drains are constructed to keep the site


free of water.

2. 2. SETTING OUT
Check: 2.1

The setting out is done correctly with proper measuring tape and
accurate leveling instrument.

2.2

All measurements to confirm the accuracy and correct locations


of working areas are properly stated out.

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2.3

The elevation reference point in accordance with the survey map


and confirm

2.4

All bottom of trenches and floor levels are according to the


elevations shown on the drawings.

3.

EXCAVATION & EARTHWORK

Check: 3.1

Check all topsoil is excavated separately.

3.2

Decide the place to pile up the suitable excavated material and


check it is 2 meters outside the building perimeter.

3.3

Decide the place for the cart away that is not necessary for back
filling or terracing.

3.4

For sites where blasting is proposed, the explosives are used the
quantities and manner recommended by the manufacturers.
Check a written consent obtained on each occasion the
contractor wished to use explosives.

3.5

All excavations are carried out to the lines, levels, widths and
depths shown on the drawings.

3.6

Any discrepancies in levels, dispositions etc. Are reported to the


engineer prior to proceeding with the works.

3.7

All necessary temporary drains and culverts and protections are


constructed to keep the site free of water.

3.8

Slopes to embankments, cuttings, shoulders, ditches etc. Are


trimmed to the dimensions and inclinations shown on drawings.

3.9

Cut for roads are carried out until a level of suitable material is
allowed.

3.10 Excavations are suitably trimmed and leveled before any


concrete or masonry work is placed.
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3.11 In locations where the soil is subject to softening during


excavation of a bottom layer of soil is removed immediately
before the placing of concrete, in accordance with the standard
technical specification.
4.

FOUNDATION TRENCH AND PIT EXCAVATION

Check: 4.1

The foundation drawings to correspond with the conditions on the


site. If not prepare a written report and submit to the designer
immediately.

4.2

The foundation depth, width, line and levels to correspond to the


drawings.

4.3

The excavation or foundation is executed 25cm wider on each


side than the thickness of the foundation wall as given in the
standard technical specification.

4.4

The trench and pits to be clean from grass, bushes and pieces of
wood.

4.5

The trench and pits to be kept free of water by pumping or other


means

4.6

The foundation engineer has accepted the excavated foundation


depths by filling form No. 005 inspection certificate.

4.7

In the event of over excavation, without approval the area to be


filled with selected excavation or borrowed material or class 5
concrete in accordance with the standard technical specification.

4.8

The faces of excavation are retained with sheeting, timbering


strutting and shoring to protect workmen and prevent damage
where necessary.

5. FOUNDATION IN STONE MASONRY


Check: 5.1 The trench to be clean from grass, bushes and pieces of wood
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5.2 The stone is of the type given on specifications


5.3 The stone to be hard, sound, free from cracks and decay (and not)
weathered.
5.4 The stone is freshly quarried from an approved quarry.
5.5 The stone not to be round surfaced.

5.6 The stone masonry execution is with specified mortar and with
well-filled joints.
5.7 The stone masonry during execution is kept free from solid and
other kind of dirt.
5.8 The length of stone does not exceed three times its height
5.9 The mix of lean concrete to correspond the specification
5.10The mix proportion of mortar is correct.
6. BACK FILLING
Check: 6.1 All internal back filling is done with approved material if possible
with material excavated on the site.
6.2 All external backfilling around foundation walls and behind
retaining wall shall be done with approved selected materials, if
possible with material excavated on the site which is capable of
being compacted and form a stable filling.
6.3 All organic materials, such as pieces of wood, roots, bushes and
black cotton soil are removed from all backfill material.
6.4 All ground trenches and places where backfilling shall be executed
are clean from grass, bushes and pieces of wood.
6.5 Where pipes and electrical cables are in connection with the
backfilling, the work shall be executed very carefully, so they do
not break or get damaged.
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6.6 All backfilling to be in layers and compacted to 95% of maximum


dry density in accordance with the standard technical
specification.
6.7 Each layer to be well rammed and consolidated with the addition
of water as necessary to achieve the required compaction.
6.8 The maximum layer of fill for one time compaction does not
exceed 15cm the specified thickness in the standard technical
specification depending on the method of compaction.
6.9 Depression or voids that are created during trimming of slopes to
embankments, cutting shoulders, ditches etc., are filled with
suitable material and to approved compaction.
6.10Any material which after repeated compaction does not fulfill the
requirements is removed and replaced.
7.

DISPOSAL OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL

Check: Surplus excavated material is removed from the site to the dumping
ground as specified in contract agreement.
8. HARD CORE
Check: 8.1 Stone for hard core is sound and approved equality
8.2 All stones in the hard core are of approximately equal and
recommended size.
8.3 All hard core is well rammed and consolidated with the top surface
blinded with crushed aggregate of 20mm.
Thickness in
accordance with the standard technical specification.
8.4 The thickness of the hard core satisfies the specification or design.
8.5 The placing of stones to result in minimum voids.
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9. CONCRETE
Check: 9.1 All ingredients cement, aggregates and water are of the type and
quality specified.
9.2 Cement is fresh, not older than six months and is delivered to the
site in the manufacturers original sealed bags.
9.3 Cement is stored in a dry and well-ventilated store, on a wooden
floor raised minimum 20cm. above the ground.
9.4 Cement is stocked separately.
9.5 The cement has markings showing the type and dates of
consignment pinned to it and check it is used in the order of its
arrival.
9.6 Cement more than six months old after production is tested to
satisfy the specified requirements.
9.7 Sand or fine aggregate to be clean river or pits sand of approved
quality and consist of hard, dense, durable uncoated rock
fragments.
9.8 Sand to be clear of impurities like dust, mica and organic matter.
Check course aggregates: 9.9 Rejected samples of aggregates are removed from the site within
24 hours.
9.10Course aggregate to be crushed basaltic stone or gravel of
approved quality
9.11Course aggregate to be hard, dense, durable, non-porous and
uncoated rock fragments.

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9.12Coarse aggregate to be free from impurities like clay, soft thin


elongated or laminated pieces to be free from alkali and organic
matter.
9.13Gradation of (coarse aggregate) to comply with the standard
technical specification.
9.14Quality is approved at the quarry before it is delivered to the site.
9.15 Are stored on clear hard surface to prevent contamination by soil
etc.
9.16 Different grades are stocked independently.
Check Water: 9.17

Used for mixing concrete is clean and free from injurious


amounts of soil, acids, alkalis, and organic materials.

9.18Is not taken from sea or tidal rivers to be used for structural
concrete. If possible water shall be piped or otherwise stored in
an enclosed container free from contamination.
9.19 If there are any doubts about the water a sample shall be taken
for testing.
9.20If the temperature of the water exceeds 60c it is first mixed with
the aggregate before the cement is added.
9.21The concrete is mixed to a uniform color and consistency prior to
placing.
9.22 Hand mixing is not allowed, but if unavoidable it shall be used
only for class II concrete and shall under no circumstance be
allowed for concrete of class C-20 and above.
9.23Concrete is mixed in an approved mechanical batch mixer
machine; the mixer is thoroughly cleaned from burdened dried
concrete and other kind of dirt before use.

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9.24Mixer, which has been cut of use for more than 20 minutes, is
thoroughly washed before any fresh concrete is mixed as
specified in the standard technical specification.
9.25The mixer drum is tight to avoid loss of mortar. The valves must
not leak mixing water.
9.26The specified mixing time is carefully adhere to but in no case
shall the mixing discontinue for less than 2 minutes after adding
water as specified in the standard technical specifications.
9.27The batch capacity. The contractor must not be allowed to exceed
the rated capacity of the mixer.
9.28 The materials enter the drum rapidly.
9.29

The whole of the mixed batch is removed before materials for


fresh batch enter the mixer.

9.30 Mixed concrete is not modified by the addition of extra water and
cement, in order to facilitate handling of any other purpose.
9.31 Before any casting starts at the site, test cubes of side dimension
15x15x15 or cylinders of diameter 15cm and length 30cm of
wood or steel are made ready.
9.32All reinforcement and formwork are properly placed prior to as
concreting and the mix approved and also check inspection
certificate No. 002 is filled and approved by the designer.
9.33For any one structure samples are made at the same time from
the same batch and the date clearly marked on each cube.
9.34Test cubes are made when directed but not less than one set of
nine cubes for each 100m3 of concrete placed, or if the rate of
placing is less than 100m3 then each 10 days or every floor for
multistory structures in accordance with the standard technical
specifications.
9.35Three cubes of each set are tested at 3 and 7 or 7 and 14 days
and the third at 28/45 days for OPC/PPC all in accordance with the
code of practice.
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9.36Approved design mix is used


9.37Before any casting starts the consistency of fresh concrete must
be measured using the slump test, from the same batch for test
cubes.
9.38Concrete is so transported as rapidly as practicable and placed
such that contamination, segregation or loss of constituent
materials does not occur.
9.39All placing of concrete starts from one end and continue in the
same direction without break.
9.40Concrete is deposited as near as practicable and no concrete is
dropped from a height exceeding 2 meters as specified on the
standard technical specification.
9.41When chutting is used the inclination of the chutes shall be such
as to allow the concrete to flow without the use of water in excess
of the specified volume for mix and without segregation or loss of
the ingredients. Details of any proposed chutting plant must be
approved before the plant is delivered.
9.42The vibration is carefully done, and continues until a dense
homogeneous mass is produced and surface is fairly smooth.
9.43Concrete is not over vibrated so that the consistency of the
concrete is maintained and separation of materials is not caused.
9.44If construction joints are necessary they are approved by the
designer.
9.45When concrete casting continues on a construction joint, the joint
is clean from foreign matter.
9.46When concrete casting continues on a construction joint, the
surface of the joint is roughened and aggregate is exposed
without being damaged.
9.47The roughened surface of the construction joint is wetted with thin
layer of mortar prior to concreting.
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9.48After casting is completed and for 7 days thereafter, that the


concrete is depth damp (cured) to minimize lose of moisture from
the concrete.
9.49Whenever testing of a material is required fill the appropriate
requisition form and for the evaluation of test result fill form No.
_____ and get the approval of consultant or designer when the
result is submitted.
9.50Inspection prior to concreting: Check The rigidity of the scaffolding and shuttering
The leak-tightness of joints between formwork elements
Conformity of the dimensions of the formwork with the
(drawings)
The cleanliness of the formwork.
The surface condition of the reinforcement
The position and size of reinforcement
The rigidity of the reinforcement securing systems, and the
quality of the joints between bars.
Cover to reinforcement is correct.
Class of concrete, mix design and water cement ratio.
Pre cast Elements: Check
9.51Pre-cast concrete is a cast under sheds and remain in the molds
for one days and further 7 days after removal from the molds.
Then removed from the sheds and stocked in the open for at
least 7 days to season.
9.52Random load testing is made on the pre-cast units and the
damaged ones immediately replaced.
9.53Pre-cast units are boosted and placed in proper position in such a
way as to avoid overstressing or no damaging the units or
causing damage to previously erected structure.

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9.54If

any doubt about the quality of, aggregate, cement,


reinforcement, and water arises samples are sent for testing.

10. PRE-STRESSING CONCRETE


Check: 10.1

All pre-stressing components are stored in clean dry conditions.

10.2

All pre-stressing components are clean and free from loose rust
at the time of fixing in position and subsequent concreting.
All pre-stressing tendons are not welded within the length to be
tensioned.
All pre-stressing tendons (cables) are not twisted and individual
wires or strands are identifiable at each member.

10.3
10.4
10.5

All ducts and tendons are respectively sealed and protected


until the tendon is threaded through and the stressing
operations are commenced.

10.6

All anchor cones; blocks and plates are positioned and


maintained during concreting such that the center line of the
duct passes axially through the anchorage assembly.

10.7

All bearing surface of the anchorages are clean prior to


concreting and tensioning.

10.8

The tendons immediately and during stressing do not exceed


the strength specified.

10.9

Stressing is from both ends unless required or agreed by the


engineer.

10.10 The tendons are anchored only if the pre-stressing is applied to


the satisfaction of the engineer.
10.11 The jack pressure is released in such a way as to avoid shock to
the anchorage or tendons.

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10.12 If the pull-in of the tendons at completion of anchoring is


greater than that agreed by the engineer, the lead shall be
released slowly and tensioning carried out afresh.
10.13 Sufficient cubes are taken and specified transfer strength is
attained.
10.14 The tendons are not cropped or cut prior to 3 days after
grouting.
10.15 Full records of all tensioning operations including the measured
extensions, pressure gauge of land all readings and the amount
of pull-in at each anchorage, are kept.
10.16 All dusts are thoroughly cleaned by compressed are or method
specified prior to grouting.
10.17 All anchorage is sealed before grouting.
10.18 The ducts are completely filled with grout.
10.19 The filled ducts are protected to the satisfaction of the engineer
that they are not subjected to shock or vibration for one day.
10.20 Full records of grouting including the date each ducts grouted is
kept.
10.21 The grout mixer produces a grout of colloidal and uniform
consistency.
10.22 The grout is mixed for a minimum of two minutes unless
otherwise specified.
10.23 No admixtures like chloride or nitrates are used. But another
admixtures may be used a written permission must be
submitted from the engineer and check it is applied strictly with
the manufactures instructions.
10.24 The grout consists only of ordinary port land cement and water
unless otherwise specified.

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10.25 Pre-stressed members are lifted of supported only at the points


specified and handled and placed without impact.
10.26 Beams are prevented from moving laterally during the placing
of the in situ concrete.
10.27 The engineer informed in advance of the date of
commencement of manufacture and the dates when tensioning
of tendons, casting of members and transfer of stress will be
undertaken for the first time for each type of beam.
10.28 All Pre-stressed concrete construction comply the standard
technical specification.

11. FORM WORK


Check: 11.1 Formwork is so constructed that it can be stripped from the
hardened concrete easily without hammering or without such
shock or vibration in order to protect the concrete or reduce labor
cost.
11.2 The bracing of the formwork. The formwork must be strain
enough to carry the load until concrete is strong enough to carry
itself and burdened sufficiently.
11.3 The inside surface of form works shall, except for permanent form
works, or unless otherwise agreed by the engineer, are coated
with a release agent.
11.4 Release agents do not come into contract with the reinforcement
and anchorages, and should not be visible on the finished works.

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11.5 Wooden form works for unexposed concrete surface, are


executed of sawed boards with sharp edges and of the same
thickness.
11.6 Wooden formworks for exposed concrete surface are generally of
tongued and grooved boards of the same thickness and free from
knots, holes, cracks and splits.
11.7 Formwork lumber shall be kept under shed and in varying
thickness and width and shall be constantly accreted and under
weight to prevent it from decay.
11.8 Before any concreting starts, the formwork has the right
dimensions and is level and straight.
11.9 Before any concreting starts, all irons are thoroughly cleaned out
and free from boles and dirt.
11.10 The top level of the formwork is at the same level as the top of
the finished concrete.
11.11 All formwork is removed without any damage to the concrete
during the striking.
11.12 After removal of the form work remedial treatment to surface of
the broadened concrete is carried out immediately without
delay and period of removal should be in accordance with the
structural technical specification.
11.13 Where intended to re-use formwork it is thoroughly cleaned and
made good to the satisfaction of the engineer.
11.14 Stripping of formwork not to be done until concrete is set i.e.,
should ring under a hammer blow. In no circumstances shall
formwork be struck until the concrete attains cube strength of
at least twice the stress to which it may be (supported) at the
time of striking.
11.15 All formwork construction and quality comply the standard
technical specification.
12.

STEEL REINFORCEMENT
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Check: 12.1

Steel reinforcement is stored in clean condition. It should be


reasonably free from loose rust and other impurities such as
grease oil, or tar and other kind of dirt.

12.2

All reinforcement bars are of the specified quality and in


accordance with the standard technical specification.

12.3

Given in the design in cases where certificates for ultimate


tensile strength yield stress, elongation and cold bend tests are
not issued by the manufacture.

12.4

The dimension, length and shape of the reinforcement bars are


according to the drawings and specifications.

12.5

Bending of reinforcement bars is done with adequate bending


tools but heat is strictly not allowed for bending of reinforcement
bars.

12.6

All bars with cracks or splits at the bend are not used for
construction.

12.7

All mild steels have their ends booked, and the bending radius
meets the specification or drawings.

12.8

The reinforcement bars are placed in position according to the


drawings, and firmly bound together with pliable mild steel
wire, diameter 1.0/1.6mm in accordance with the standard
technical specification.

12.9

Before casting of concrete starts, that pre-cast concrete blocks


or spacers of metal chairs are prepared and all reinforcement
bars are placed on them.

12.10

These blocks or spacers do not turn over when concrete is


caste.

12.11

The thickness of concrete cover is according


requirements of the drawings and specifications.

to

the

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12.12

And approve the placing of the reinforcement and formwork


condition before any concrete is caste.

12.13

The reinforcement in structures is not welded unless permitted


by the designer.

12.14

All reinforcement quality and work comply with the standard


technical specification.

13.

MORTAR

Check: 13.1

All mortar is if possible mixed in an approved mechanical batch


mixer. If not possible it could be mixed by hand until its color
and consistency are uniform

13.2

Lime for mortar in freshly burnt limestone. Lime shall be


delivered to the site in large lumps, slaked, run to putty and
mature for not less than two weeks before use.

13.3

If hydraulic lime is used, it is stored in the same manner as


described for cement.

13.4

Cement used in mortar is Portland cement and have quality as


described for concrete works.

13.5

Sand for mortar is of quality as described for concrete works.

13.6

Water is of quality described for concrete works.

13.7

Cement mortar consists of cement and sand as specified. If not


given in the specification, check that cement mortar consists of
one part cement to three parts of sand (1:3) measured by
volume.

13.8

Compo mortar consists of cement, lime and sand as specified.


If not specified, check that the compo mortar is composed of
one part cements two parts of lime and nine parts of sand
(1:2:9) measured by volume.
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13.9
14.

Cement mortar is used within 30 minutes of the duration of


cement.
STONE MASONRY WALL

Check: 14.1
14.2

The stone is freshly quarried from an approved quarry.


The stone is of type given in specification.

14.3

The stone is hard, sound, free from crack and decay and not
weathered.

14.4

The stone masonry execution is with specified mortar and with


well finished joints.

14.5

All mortar for stone masonry bedding and jointing is 20mm


thick.

14.6

Stone masonry during execution is kept free from solid and


other kind of dirt.

14.7

Stonewalling is carried up with no portion more than 1000mm


above adjacent wall at any one time.

14.8

The wall is in plumb within 3m.

14.9

Sample panel of wall not less than 1m 2 in area including joint


pointing as specified is prepared and approved.

14.10 The type size and pattern of lying is as detailed on drawing.


14.11 All stone masonry walling comply with the standard technical
specification drawing.
15.

HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK WALL

Check: -

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15.1

The hollow concrete blocks are free from laminations, cracks and
other defects that would impair the proper setting, strength or
permanence of the construction.

15.2

The hollow concrete blocks are well-compacted, properly cured


and uniform color and texture.

15.3

The hollow concrete blocks manufactured on the site have the


quality of cement and aggregate as described for concrete
works.

15.4

All blocks are manufactured in and approved special hollow


block machine and under shed.

15.5

Before any manufacturing in big scale starts on the site, test


samples are made, cured and sent for testing and test results
are approved by the designer.

15.6

For curing of hollow blocks, that they are kept moist, at least
for /seven/ (7) days after casting.

15.7

That the blocks are properly dried under shade for at least 14
days before they are used for construction.

15.8

Damaged or blocks with defects in the walls are replaced with


good ones at the expenses of the contractor.

15.9

Hollow blocks and the walls are kept free from soil and other
kind of dirt during execution.

15.10 All joints vertical and horizontal are well filled with the specified
mortar.
15.11

Walling is carried up with no portion more than 1000mm above


adjacent wall at any one time.

15.12

Partition walls are well bonded to elevations walls as


specified/shown in the drawings.

15.13

That the joints and the walls are in plum within 3m.

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15.14 If the wall is designated as load bearing by the designer are


special care is taken for the execution of the work.
15.15

A minimum of 6 blocks per 1000 pcs. For site manufactured


blocks are tested.

15.16 The thickness of the joints does not exceed 15mm.


15.17 The comp mortar is used only above ground level.
15.18

The drawings carefully before any wall construction if any


reinforcement or expansion joints are prescribed.

15.19 The minimum compressive strength class A, Class B & Class C


hollow concrete blocks is as follows according to the standard
technical specification.
Class

Average of 6 Blocks

Individual

Blocks
38kg/cm2
32kg/cm2
/cm

Class A

42kg/cm2

Class B

35kg/cm2

Class C

20kg/cm2

18kg

15.20 All hollow concrete block walling comply with the standard
technical specification.
16.

WALLS WITH BRICKS

Check: 16.1

Bricks are not dumped on site but stocked to regular pattern and
are unloaded.

16.2

Bricks to be used for different situations are stocked separately


on a clean place.
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16.3

Bricks are sacked in water for a minimum period of one day


before use.

16.4

Sample panels of not less than 1m 2 for each type of brick work
including joint pointing for painted surface are prepared.

16.5

All brick works are laid in good English bond even and true to
line plumb within 3m, level and all joints accurately kept.

16.6

All points vertical and horizontal are well filled with specified
mortar.

16.7

The thick nesses of the joints do not exceed 10mm.

16.8

All bricks of the same dimensions are only used in the same
wall.

16.9

Brick samples are taken at random from the load approved and
also manufactures test certificate submitted.

16.10 All brick walling


specification.
17.

comply

with

the

standard

technical

WOODEN WALLS

Check: 17.1

The quality and dimensions


specifications and drawings.

of

wood

are

according

to

17.2

All wood for wall are well seasoned, free from major knots,
worms, splits and bends.

17.3

All wood for construction are stored free from the ground and
well protected against rain.

17.4

All wood is specified are treated with anti termite liquid.

17.5

Dimension, placing and number of nails is according to drawings.


Unless indicated on the drawings no wood structure shall be
joined.
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17.6

The wall is plumb and level.

18. PLASTER AND POINTING


Check: 18.1 The cement plaster and comp plaster quality mixture, thickness
and type of surface are According to the specification and
drawing.
18.2 That cement plaster is used where water effect is expected such
as in toilets, laundries and external walls while comp mortar is
used in all cases unless otherwise specified.
18.3 Before any plaster is applied, the wall is thoroughly cleaned from
dirt and dust.
18.4

All plaster is mixed in a mechanical mixer of approved type if


possible.

18.5

The wall, depending on the material is kept wet for some time
before any plaster is applied. Its not enough to sprinkle water
just before plastering.

18.6 All Pointing if prescribed is done with cement mortar.


18.7 All pointing is plumb and level.
18.8

All plastering and pointing comply with the standard technical


specification.

19.

STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK

Check: -

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19.1 The shape and size of structural steel members comply with the
requirements of the specification and the manufactures
standards.
19.2 Size location, elevation and plumbing of anchor bolts.
19.3 Condition and capacity of welding equipment.
19.4 Conformity of electrodes to specifications and correct usage.
19.5

Production and assembly of steel is carried out in accordance


with the detail drawings and specifications.

19.6 Steel before and after fabrication is straight and free from twist
or other damages.
19.7

Cutting is done by shearing, cropping, sawing or machine flame


cutting.

19.8

Cutting by hand operated flame is approved.

19.9

Sheared or cropped edges are dressed to a neat machine work


and are prepared for welding finish.

19.10 Welded sections are inspected and approved prior to priming.


19.11 The max gap for butt welded section is less than 3mm.
19.12 Each weld is continuous, sound without interruption and free of
creators.
19.13 Slag is taken away immediately after welding and the weld
cleared with metal brush.
19.14 All ends of rectangular, square and circular sections (RHS, CHS)
are sealed by welding to prevent ingress of moisture.
19.15 The steel structure is accurately bolted to plates, channels or
angle cleats during erection.
19.16

Direct bolting to sides of steel hollow sections is not carried on.


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19.17

Holes for fixing electrical fittings, partitions, etc are


correctly positioned.

19.18

All structural steel is protected from chemical solutions.

19.19

All structural steel ready to erect is prevented from water or


dirt accumulated against any of the surfaces.

19.20

All steel which will have concrete cast against them are
clean and free from loose rust at the time of concreting.

19.21

All structural steel work comply with the standard technical


specification

20.

PAVING AND TILING WORKS

Check: 20.1 Before any paving starts, the mass concrete is completely free
from standing water.
20.2 Cement tiles conform to the standards.
20.3 In the mass concrete surface immediately before the bedding is
laid, a slum of cement and water is brushed, unless specified.
20.4 The bedding is of cement mortar, one part cement to four parts
sand (1:4) and the slump is 2-5 cm and over.
20.5 The bedding thickness is 2 3 cm.
20.6 The tiles are gently knocked down into the bedding so the mortar
will be forced up in the joints approximately 5mm.
20.7 When the bedding is hard enough usually after one day the joints
which shall be 2 4 mm wide are filled with cement mortar.
20.8 Expansion joints are executed as indicated on drawings.
20.9 The complete floor under construction is protected for the first 14
days and kept wet and is protected against damage.
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21.

WALL TILES

Check: 21.1 Wall tiles are soaked in clean water before laying and taken out
just before use.
21.2 Tiles are bedded with straight joints in cement and sand (1:3) and
grouted in white cement.
21.3 The work when completed is cleaned properly before approval.
21.4 Only tiles free from defects are used for the construction.
22.

PVC TILES

Check: 22.1 PVC tiles are laid on floor screeds with approved glue and in
accordance with manufacturers instruction.
22.2 Only tiles free from defects are used for the construction.
22.3

Damaged tiles are replaced with good ones at the contractors


expense.

23.

ROOFING AND CLADDING

Check: 23.1 Asbestos cement sheets are free from visible defects.
23.2 The surface of asbestos cement sheet is of uniform texture and
smooth on one side.
23.3

The edges of asbestos cement sheets are square, straight and


clean.

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23.4

Asbestos cement sheet unless otherwise specified is 6mm thick


when used for roofing.

23.5

Asbestos cement accessories match the pitch of the sheets.

23.6

Galvanized plain and corrugated EGA sheets comply with the


manufacturers specification.

23.7

Steel hook bolts and nuts are zinc coated, the size and use of
which shall be as per manufacturers instruction.

23.8

Fixing of roofing and flashing is made fully water tight and


performed to the standard of best workmanship.

23.9

Chiseler diamond edges and cover bead nails made of mild


steel round wires as used to fix galvanized steel sheet roofing
and flashing to timber members.

23.10 Steel hook bolts and nuts are used to fix galvanized steel
sheets and asbestos roofing to steel and wooden truss
members and purlins.
23.11 Fixing holes are drilled in crown of corrugation of roofing sheets.
23.12 Holes are 5mm larger in diameter than bolts or screws.
23.13 Holes are 40mm far from edges of sheet.
23.14 Sheets are laid with laps not less than 150mm.
23.15 Side laps of sheets are minimum one and half corrugations.
23.16 Upper laps of sheets are constructed away from prevailing
wind.
23.17 No person other than workmen in roofing has access to roof
area.
23.18 All roofing work
specification.

complies

with

the

standard

technical

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24.

GUTTERS AND DOWN PIPES

Check: 24.1 Gutters and down pipes are formed with the specified gauge
galvanized mild steel flat sheet from suitable lengths and to
shapes
shown on the drawings.
24.2 Gutter hangers and down pipe supports are 2.25mm anti-rust
painted flat sheet spaced at 1 meter center maximum unless
otherwise specified.
24.3 Joints of gutter are lapped 15cm and welded.
24.4 Joints of gutter after welding treated with three coats of zinc
paint.
25.

CARPENTRY AND JOINERY

Check: 25.1

Timber for carpentry and joinery is as specified and of best


quality.

25.2

Timber is reasonably straight grained and obtained from an


approved source.

25.3

And inspect the timber as it arrives, any timber not approved is


removed forthwith.

25.4
25.5

Timber is open stacked for as long as possible before use.


Timber and assembled wood work are protected from rain &
sum.

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25.6

Timber and assembled wood work are stored in such a way as


to prevent attack by termites, insects or decayed fungi.

25.7

Timber ready for use is free from live borer, beetle or other
insect attack.

25.8

All measures to eradicate insect attach of timber are approved.

25.9

Timber is seasoned to moisture content of not more than 20%


for carpentry and 12% for joinery.

25.10 All timber surface exposed by cutting are treated with three
coats of approved preservations.
25.11 All pressure-impregnated timber is treated with preservative
chemicals at a pressure of not less than 10 atmospheres and in
accordance with the chemical manufacturers instruction.
25.12 Fixed joinery is completely protected from damage until the
completion of the construction.
25.13 Profile of sections is not modified from those shown on drawings
without approval.
25.14 Right type of door is fixed in the right place and that the doors
swing in accordance to the drawings.
25.15 Doorframes and window frames are fixed straight and in plumb.
25.16 Hinges, locks, latch, and handles are of approved type and
properly fixed.
25.17 Window panels are of the right thickness and properly fixed.
25.18 All carpentry and joinery to comply with the standard technical
specification.
26.

CEILING

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26.1 Material and dimensions are according to the specifications and


the drawings.
26.2

Before any mounting, painting of parts in connection with the


ceiling such as steel guides and walls is completed.

26.3 The ceiling is cleaned and well fixed when the work is completed.
27.

PAINTING

27.1

The kind of paints is according to the specifications and


designers instructions.

27.2

The painting
instructions.

is

done

according

to

the

manufacturers

27.3

The paint is not diluted unless specified by the manufacturer.

27.4

All surfaces to be painted are clean from dust and dirt.

27.5

All surfaces to be painted are absolutely dry and free from


defects before painting.

27.6

All brushes and tins used for painting are clean and free from
old paint.

27.7
27.8
28.

The room is closed until the paint dries.


All electrical appliances iron and brass works are removed
before painting and properly re fixed after painting.
GLAZING

Check: 28.1 Frames are fixed straight and in plumb


28.2 The type and thickness of glass is according to the specifications
and drawings.
28.3 The application and properness of putty.
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29.

WATER WELL

Check: 29.1 The water well is dug according to the specifications and
drawings, if possible dug during the dry season.
29.2 If septic tanks, soak away pits and dry latrines are situated
nearby and inform the designer to change the position of the
wall.
29.3 The water is tested and approved after the digging is completed.
29.4 The masonry work is not started before the test result is issued
and approved.
30.

WATER SUPPLY LINES

Check: 30.1 The dimensions and types, tubes, valves and water tower in
according to the specifications and drawings.
30.2 All valves, unless otherwise specified is buried in the ground to a
minimum depth of 30cm.
30.3 All valves are placed according to the drawings.
30.4

Inspect and approve the supply lines before any back filling
starts.

31. PLUMBING AND SANITARY INSTALLATIONS


Check: 31.1

Dimensions and types of pipes, tubes valves and sanitary ware


is according to the specification and drawings.

31.2

All pipes and tubes to be installed in the floor are placed in


position.
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31.3

All joints firmly fixed before mass concrete is cast.

31.4

Pipes and tubes are placed in the hard-core with minimum 10cm
covering layer sand or in channels of floors as indicated on the
drawings.

31.5

All sanitary ware is properly fixed in the correct position.

31.6

All connection between sanitary ware and sewer system is done


with the prescribed siphon.

31.7

All exposed pipes and tubes are well cleaned and painted as
specified.

31.8

32.

All sanitary work complies


specification/drawings.

with

the

standard

technical

SEWER SYSTEM

Check: 32.1
32.2

Dimensions and types of pipes and inspection pits is according


to the specification and the drawings.
The excavation measurements of the sewer lines are according
to the drawings.

32.3

The excavation is done in straight lines on the manholes.

32.4

All trenches before pipes are laid.

32.5

Unless otherwise specified, the pipes are laid on sand bed with a
minimum thickness of 10cm and in an absolutely straight line
with and even slope of minimum 1:100 and covering soil layer is
minimum 50cm.

32.6

Level of overflow pipes between different chambers and inlet


and outlet pipes are according to the drawings.

32.7

All plastering in and out is with cement plaster with thickness


and mixture according to specifications and drawings.
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32.8

All water proofing is done according to specifications and


drawings.

32.9

The joining of concrete to pies is always done with cement


mortar, the joint completely filled all around.

32.10 Joining of asbestos cement pipes is done according to the


manufacturers instruction.
32.11 Inspection pit is according to the drawing before backfilling.
32.12

All pipes connected to the inspection pit come approximately


on the same level and check channel formed in concrete at the
bottom of the pit.

32.13

Backfill soil is of good quality; free from stones and it is not top
soil.

32.14

Backfilling is in layers of minimum 20cm, if vibrating or roller


machine is used the thickness of the layer can be 40cm unless
otherwise specified.

32.15

Each layer of backfill is well rammed and consolidated with the


addition of water if necessary.

32.16

The correct position of the water and sewer systems and


prepare a sketch on the site plan to send to the designer for
preparing drawings showing their correct positions as built on
site.

32.17

Measure the correct length of all trenches, of all tubes and


pipes.

33.

SEPTIC TANK AND SOAK AWAY PIT

Check: 33.1

Dimension and type of septic tank and soak away pit is


according to the specifications and drawings.
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33.2

The position of septic tank and soak away pit if situated nearby
water wells, and inform the designer for the change of the
positions.

33.3

Level of overflow pipes between different chambers and inlet


and outlet pipes are according to the drawings.

33.4

All plastering in and out, it with cement plaster with thickness


and mixture according to specifications and drawings.

33.5

All water proofing is done according to specifications and


drawings.

34.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

Check: 34.1

EEPCO or the designated professional approves the electrical


installation.

34.2

Materials to be used for the installation strictly follow the


specifications and the drawings.

34.3

The electrical sub contractor has a valid certificate issued by


EEPCO before he starts his work and his foremen are competent.

34.4

The conduits are free from defects and cover the wires all the
ways.

34.5

All switches and outlets are properly fixed according to the


drawings.

34.6

The connections of wire are always done in junction boxes.

34.7

All external cables are placed with a minimum 10cm depth in


concrete cement pipes and 40cm depth in the ground, unless
otherwise specified.

34.8

The excavation is in a straight line between the inspection pits.

34.9

The inspection pits are constructed every 30m unless otherwise


specified.
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34.10 All trenches should be checked before pipes are laid.


34.11 The pipes are laid on a minimum 10cm thick sand bed unless
otherwise specified.
34.12 The joining of cement pipes is done with cement mortar, the
joint completely filled around.
34.13

The joining of cement pipes is done according to the


manufacturers instructions.

34.14

The inspection pits, pipes and joints are executed before


backfilling.

34.15

The backfill soil is of good quality, free form stones and it is not
top
soil.

34.16

The backfilling is in layers of minimum 80cm if vibrating or


roller machine is used the thickness of the layer can be 40cm
unless otherwise specified.

34.17

Each layer of backfill is well rammed and consolidated with the


addition of water if necessary.

34.18

All underground cable joining are done in special water-tight


junction box approved by EEPCO or designated professional.

34.19

All junction boxes used are placed in the inspection pits.

34.20

Measure the correct length of all trenches and cables.

34.21

The correct position of external cables, pits and prepare a


sketch on the site plan to send to the designer for preparing
drawings showing their correct positions as built on site.

34.22

All electrical installation complies with the standard technical


specification.

35.

RETAINING WALLS
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Check: 35.1

The trench to be free from loose soil, roots and pieces of wood
before construction.

35.2

The depth and width of trench to correspond with the drawing.

35.3

All stones are of good and approved quality.

35.4

All stones and the wall are kept free from soil and other kind of
dirt during execution.

35.5

No borrow pits are to be opened in the vicinity.

35.6

If expansion joints are executed as on the drawings.

35.7

The mix proportion of mortar.

35.8

All retaining wall construction complies with the standard


technical specification.

36.

SITE WORK

Check: 36.1 The clearing of buildings is up to 2 meters from elevation walls on


all sides, and check this limit is approved by the designer:
36.2 The clearing for roads, footpaths and parking areas is up to 1
meter from their boundaries and check this limit is approved by
the designer.
36.3 All roots are taken out within the building area, under roads
footpaths and parking lots transported away from the site.
36.4 The place for down trees and check they are within the building
site
36.5 All topsoil is excavated separately.

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36.6 And decide the place to pile up the excavated top soil and check
it is 2 meters outside the building perimeter.
36.7 And decide the place for the cart away, which is not necessary for
backfilling or terracing.
36.8 All backfilling and terracing is done in layers not exceeding 20cm
and if vibrating or roller machine is used the thickness must be
40cm.
36.9

Each layer of backfilling terracing is well rammed and


consolidated.

36.10 Backfilling and terracing is not with top soil.


36.11 All site work complies with the standard technical specification.
37.

ROADS AND FOOT PATHS

Check: 37.1 Excavation for road footpaths is executed to bottom of hard-core.


37.2 Backfilling for roads and footpaths is done with non-expansive
selected material.
37.3 All backfilling is done in layers not exceeding 20cm and if
vibrating or roller machine is used the thickness must be 40cm.
37.4 Each layer of backfilling is well rammed and consolidated with
addition of water if necessary.
37.5

Before backfilling starts the ground is free from top soil, grass,
bushes, roots and pieces of wood.

37.6

Stone for hard-core of approved quality.

37.7

All stones in the hard-core are of approximately equal size.

37.8

The hardcore is well rammed, consolidated and the top


tightened with crushed stones or gravel.
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37.9

The thickness of hard-core is not less than specified.

37.10 The hardcore as well as the top surface is executed with a


minimum slope of 1:100 towards the sides.
37.11 The top surface is executed with material on the specification or
drawings.
38.

DRAIN CHANNELS AND CULVERTS

Check: 38.1 Drain channels are according to the measurements on the


drawings:
38.2 Drain channels to have a minimum slope of 1:200, unless
otherwise specified.
38.3 Stone channels to be on a bed hard core or well compacted
gravel with joints and pointing in cement mortar (1:3).
38.4

Channels of half concrete pipes are on a well-compacted layer of


fine aggregate with a thickness not less than 10cm.

38.5

Half concrete pipes are laid in and joined with cement mortar
(1:3).

38.6

Stone channels and culverts are constructed according to the


drawings and specifications.

38.7

All pipes are laid so that each one is in contact with the bed
throughout the length of its barrel.

39.

FENCING AND GATE

Check: 39.1 The type of fence and gate are according to the specifications
and drawings.
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39.2 The foundations of fence and gate are according to the


specifications and drawings.
40.

PREPARATION OF PAYMENT CERTIFICATE

40.1 Payment certificate should be prepared on official formats.


40.2 Payment certificates should be prepared in sufficient copies as
needed.
40.3 Payment certificates should be signed by: i. The supervisor,
ii. Consultant, if there is contract provision for such
supervision
iii. The contractor,
iv. The investor/client
40.4 The supervisor shall check payment against: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Arithmetic error
Contract prices
Contract quantities
Contract time
Actual measurement sheets
Variation orders
supplementary agreements
Validity of performance bond
Progress reports

41. INFORMATION ON CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES


41.1 Check a site book is kept for any construction work and the
following information is included:
Dates on which excavations, concreting, striping of formworks,
backfilling, site work have taken place.
Acceptance of materials and components
Result of test and measurements
Type of cement and aggregate
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Inspection and measurement reports of the positioning of


reinforcement
Important instruction received

Description of any incidents

Construction Material properties


Hollow concrete blocks

Classification

Hollow concrete blocks shall be classified in to the following three


classes
1. Class A and B

are loaded bearing units and are suitable for

External walls pointed, rendered and plastered

The inner leaf of cavity walls or stone masonry

Internal walls or part ions.

2.
walls

Class C

none load bearing units suitable for none load bearing

and portions
Note: - six full size samples shall be taken from a lot of 4000 blocks or
fraction
there of for the compression test.
3. Dimensions.

The nominal dimensions of hollow blocks are indicated


below
Breadth
b (mm)

Height h
(mm)

Length L
(mm)

Face shell
d (mm)

100

200

400

20

Max. unit
weight
(kg/m3)
1200

150

200

400

25

1200

200

200

400

30

1200

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250

200

400

35

1200

300

200

400

40

1200

Minimum compressive strength


The minimum compressive strength of HCB according to ESCD
Class
A
B
C

Average of 6 units
Mpa
Mpa
4.2
42
3.5
35
2.0
20

Individual unit
Mpa
Mpa
3.8
38
3.2
32
1.8
18

Concrete
Concrete is a composite material consisting essentially of a binding medium
with in which are embedded particles of a relatively inert filler materials.
In cement concrete the binder is cement and the filler material is aggregate
of graded size from sand to pieces of stone of varying diameter and shape.

Property of concrete
Property of fresh concrete
As soon as water is brought in contact with other ingredient of concrete,
freshly mixed concrete gradually under goes changes until it becomes hard.
In its plastic the most important properties are.
Workability
Consistency
Segregation
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Bleeding

Workability
Fresh mixed concrete should be easy to be transported, placed. Consolidated
and finished without any segregation. The workability of concrete is affected
by water content, size of aggregate shape of aggregate grading of aggregate
etc.
Consistency
Consistency is closely related to workability. It is a term which describes the
ease with which fresh concrete flows. It is used to indicate degree of
wetness.
Measurement of workability
Among various methods of determining the workability of concrete the most
common method is slump test. It is performed by measuring the subsidence
of a pile of concrete formed in a mould in the shape of a frustum of a cone
with base diameter 20cm and top diameter 10cm and the height is 30cm. A
tamping rod of steel 16mm diameter and 0.60m long is used to compact the
concrete in the mould. The slump which is the subsidence of the concrete
cone after the mould is lifted up and carefully observed gives the following
three results

True slump

Note: -

shear slump

collapsed slump

Concrete with shear or collapse slump is not recommendable


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The recommendable slumps for various works are indicated below


No

Type of construction

Slump in mm
Max
min
50
25

Heavy mass construction

Pavement

50

25

Un reinforced footing casinos and

75

25

substructure walls

75

25

Bridge deck

100

50

Reinforced foundation wall and footing

125

75

Reinforced beams, slabs and walls

125

75

Columns

Properties of hardened concrete


In the it's
are
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

hardened state the various properties which need consideration


Strength
Permeability
Durability
Elasticity
Shrinkage
Creep

Strength of concrete is the most important property as far structural design is


concerned. Indirectly it gives the idea of most of the other properties such as
water tightness durability, wear resistance etc.
Strength of concrete is measured either in compression strength or tensile
strength. The usual method of compressive strength determination employees
either cubes or cylinder specimen (height equal twice its diameter)
Note: - cylindrical compressive strength is 80% of cube strength
Tensile strength of concrete has low tensile strength, which ranges from 8% to
12 % of its compressive strength. An average value of 10% is generally
accepted.
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Classes of concrete
Concrete is graded in terms of its characteristic compressive cube strength
attained at the age of 28 days in Mpa. For example C25 means characteristics
cube compressive strength attained at the age 28 days (25Mpa).
The permissible grades for concrete for the two classes of concrete work are
given below.
Class
I
II

Class I
registered

C5 C15
C5

C15

Permissible grades
C20 C25 C30 C40 C50 C60
C20

Concrete works carried out under the direction of supervisors


by the Ministry as associate engineer or above.

Class II Concrete works carried out under the direction of supervisors


registered
by the ministry as engineering aid

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Table: - Standard mixes for ordinary structural concrete per 50kg bag of cement

(OPC. ordinary port land cement)


Concret
e
grade

C5

C 15

C 20

C 25

C 30

Nominal max. size of


aggregate(mm)
workability
limit of slump that
may be expected
(mm)
Total aggregate (kg)
Fine aggregate (c/c)
Vol.
finished
concrete(m3)
Total aggregate (kg)
Fine aggregate (c/c)
Vol.
finished
concrete(m3)
Total aggregate (kg)
Fine aggregate (c/c)
Vol. finished concrete
(m3)
Total aggregate (kg)
Fine aggregate (c/c)
Vol. finished concrete
(m3)
Total aggregate (kg)
Fine aggregate (c/c)
Vol. finished concrete
(m3)

40

20

14

10

Medium
30 to 60

High
60 to 120

Medium
20 to 50

High
50 to 100

Medium
10 to 30

High
30 to 60

Medium
10 to 25

High
25 to 50

640
30 - 45
0.312

550
30 - 45
0.275

540
35 - 50
0.277

480
36 - 50
0.252

370
30- 45
0.20

330
30- 45
0.183

320
35- 50
0.178

280
35- 50
0.16

305
30- 35
0.165

270
30- 40
0.155

280
30- 40
0.156

250
35- 45
0.143

255
35- 45
0.146

220
40- 50
0.13

240
40- 50
0.137

200
45- 55
0.121

265
30- 35
0.147

240
30- 40
0.137

240
30- 40
0.137

215
35- 45
0.127

220
35- 45
0.13

195
40- 50
0.118

210
40- 50
0.124

175
45- 44
0.11

235
30- 35
0.134

215
30- 40
0.127

210
30- 40
0.124

190
35- 45
0.115

195
35- 45
0.115

170
40- 50
0.106

180
40- 50
0.109

150
45- 55
0.097

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