Chemical Engineering Laboratory Report (Processed Data)

Experiment No. 6
Date & Time Started: Feb. 11, 2016 (9:00 am) Date & Time Finished: Feb. 11, 2016 (11:30 am)
Group No. : 2

Supervisor/Instructor: Engr. Juvyneil E. Cartel

Title of the Experiment:

DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER
Introduction
In a heat exchanger, heat is transferred from hot fluid to cold fluid through a metal wall which
generally separates these two fluids. Heat transfer through metal wall is always by conduction while on
both sides of metal wall it is generally by convection. Generally, resistance offered to heat transfer by the
metal wall is negligible as compared to resistance offered by convection. The wall temperature is always
between local temperatures of the two fluids. The actual value depends upon individual film heat transfer
coefficient on either side. At higher Reynolds number (Re > 10,000), the ordered flow pattern of laminar
flow regime is replaced by randomly moving enhancement of film transfer coefficient is accompanied by
much higher pressure drop which demands higher pumping power. Thus, although desirable, turbulent
flow is usually restricted to fluids of low viscosity. When heat is transferred through resistances in series,
the total resistance to heat transfer is the sum of indicdual resistances in series. Thus for heat exchanger,
one can write,

1
1
x
1
=
+
+
U i Ai hi A i K A lm ho A0
A
1 1 x Ai
= +
+ i
U i hi K A lm ho A 0
Once the heat exchanger material and its geometry is fixed, then the metal wall resistance

( x / K A lm)

becomes constant. Similarly, if the flow rate of cold fluid is fixed and it mean

temperature does not differ much of different flow ratesof hot fluid, then the resistance by the outside
fluid film will remain almost constant. Thus, the overall heat transfer coefficient will depend upon the
value inside film heat-transfer coefficient alone. If flow through inner tube is in turbulent flow regime,
then Diltturs-Boelter equation can be used to find out inside film heat transfer coefficient.
n

Pr
0.8

Nu=0.023
If the bulk mean temperature does not differ much for different flow retes, then all the physical properties
will remain nearly the same and equation (3) can be re-written as:

velocity 0.8
Nu=constant x
Substituting the above equation in equation (2), we get:

1
1
=constant 1 0.8 +constan t 2
Ui
u
1
1
vs 0.8
Ui u

Thus, the graph of

equal to

constan t 1

(which is known as Wilson plot) should be a straight line with a slope

and intercept equal to

constan t 2 . From this graph, inside film heat transfer

coefficient can be calculated which can be used to verify Dittus-Boelter equation.

Experimental Data:
Trial

Press
ure

Steam Temperature
(0C)
(K)

psia
1

85

Inlet
T1
150

86

150

136

60

150

104

86

144

118

Trial

Outlet
T2
80

Volume
(mL)
Stea
Wate
m
r
85
3000

230

2310

610

2000

200

1500

Inlet
T1
423.1
5
423.1
5
423.1
5
417.1
5

Liquid Temperature
(0C)
(K)

Outlet
T2
353.15

Inlet
T1
79

Outlet
T2
88

409.15

83

102

377.15

127

100

391.15

126

114

Inlet
T1
352.1
5
356.1
5
400.1
5
399.1
5

Volumetric Flow Rate

(L/min)
(m3/sec)
Stea Wat
Steam
Water
m
er
0.08
3
1.41667E0.0000
5
06
5
0.23 2.31 3.83333E3.85E06
05
0.61
2
1.01667E3.33E05
05
0.2
1.5
3.33333E0.0000
06
25

Outlet
T2
361.15
375.15
373.15
387.15

Sample Calculation:
Table above
Diameters: 3/4in 525/127 mm, 320/127 mm = steam pipe = color orange
2in 485/254 mm = water pipe = color blue

thickness( x a ) : 3/4in 75/127 mm

2in 55/54 mm
k 50.2 W/m.K
For the individual heat transfer coefficient:

(Liquid)

hi

k a A (T 1t 2)
xa
hi =
Ai ( t 1t 2)

(1.7 x 10
( 50.2W
mK )

hi=

5.91 x 104 m
(1.7 x 106 m2)(140123) K

hi=141,675.5556

m2)(423.15352.15) K

W
m2 K

(Steam) ho

k a A(T 1t 3)
xa
ho =
A o (T 1T 2 )

( 50.2mKW )(2.2441 x 10

m )(16060)K
4

ho =

8.6614 x 10 m
6 2
(2.2441 x 10 m )(160130) K

ho =193,194.3258

W
2
m K

Overall heat transfer coefficient

U=

U=

1
1 xa 1
+
+
hi k a h o
1
4
1
5.91 x 10 m
1
+
+
2
2
W
141,675.5556 W / m K
193,194.3258 W / m K
50.2
mK

U=41,653.78094 W /m2 K

Results and Discussion:

From the experimental data obtained, an increase of the liquid temperature flowing counter
currently with the steam can be attributed to the heat transfer. The heat loss of the flowing steam is
absorbed by the liquid thus an increase of temperature results. Heat that can be absorbed or extracted
depends on many factors like the area of transfer, the mass flow rate, the entering temperature of both
medium, and the calculated heat transfer coefficients. As the liquid increases its temperature, less
decrease of the steam temperature was observed signifying as time lapse increases to achieve a certain
high temperature of the liquid the heat absorbed or extracted from the steam decreases.

Reference
Geankoplis, Christie, Transport Processes and Unit Operations; Prentice Hall
International Inc.; New Jersey, 3rd edition, 1993, p. 267-275.