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The World between Wars 1900-1950 Part-II
Key Points:
1. Tsarist Russia was a vast land mass spread over two continents and
making it a Euro-Asian power. It had the third largest population in the
world.
2. Tsar Nicholas II ruled over this vast Russian empire like any autocrat
with the help of the army and bureaucracy.
3. On March 8th 1917 around 10,000 women of the capital, St.
Petersburg took out a procession demanding peace and bread. It was
called March Revolution.
4. The Bolsheviks were led by Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924). The soviets under the Bolsheviks leadership seized
power in November 1917. Full peace could not return to Russian because there started a civil war led by proTsar white armies.
5. In 1924, Stalin emerged as the leader of the communist party. USSR began a planned economic development
with its five year plans in 1928.
6. The great depression began around the end of 1929. It caused massive unemployment and decline of real
incomes of across the world, except for the USSR.
7. Roosevelt, the president of US announced The New Deal which promised relief to the victims of depression
reform to financial institutions.
8. By 1932, Nazi party had become the largest party in Germany. Hitler mobilised his supporters on the promise
of establishing the racial supremacy of Aryan Germans over the world.
9. The first half of the 20th century ended with the nightmare of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and with the hopes
generated by the funding of the UNO.
10. Two new super powers emerged on the world scene, the USSR and the USA.
Key words:
1. Socialism: A Political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of
production, distribution and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
2. Communism: A system of social organization in which all property is owned by the community and each
person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs.
3. Revolution: It is a violent attempt by citizens to end the rule of the government and start a new government
which liked by the people.
4. Centralization of power: It is one in which power or legal authority is exerted or Co-ordinated itself only is
called centralization of power.
5. Bolshevik: A group of Russian communist party lead by Vladimir Lenin.
6. Collectivization: Consolidate individual land and labour into collective farms so that new techniques and
machines could be used. It is a policy adopted by the soviet government, pursued most intensively between
1929 and 1933 to transform traditional agriculture in the USSR and to reduce the economic power of the
Kulaks, the landlords of Russia.
7. ReliefReform-Recovery: Former President of US Roosevelts Policy based on Keynesian economics,
what became to known as the three Rs of relief reform and recovery. This programme generated Jobs.
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C. Between 1937 and 1939, new anti-Jewish regulations segregated Jews further and made daily life very
difficult for them. Jews could not attend public schools go to theatres, cinema, vacation resorts, among other
acts.
D. AntiNazi Jews sent to the death camps and they were killed by gassing in gas chambers or shooting with
rifles in gas chambers or shooting with rifles on a large scale in prisons or forests. About 6 million Jews were
killed during holocaust.
4. List the measures taken under idea of welfare state under Great Depression and explain how
similar or different they are from that of the reforms that emerged under the USSR?
A. Roosevelt introduced the much needed social security system in the US. It established a permanent system of
universal retirement pensions, unemployment Insurance, and welfare benefits for the handicapped and needy
children in families without father present. It also established the frame work for the US welfare system.
B. Britain basically announced unemployment insurance and old age pension schemes. It adopted extensive
social security measures like unemployment doles, sickness coverage, health schemes, child care etc, All this
went on to make the idea of welfare slate in which the state ensured a certain basic minimum dignified life
for all citizens and took care of their basic needs.
C. The USSR, socialist economy also followed same measures of welfare.
4. What challenges were faced by Germany during Great Depression and how Nazi rulers And Hitler
make use of it?
1. Germanys Weimar republic was hit hard by the depression.
2. Unemployment so are, especially in larger cities. It reached 30% in 1932.
3. Industries, Mills, Production units were shut down in a large scale.
4. Aggregate demand and production of goods had sharply come down because lack of capital.
5. Unemployed youth desperately queued up at the local employment exchange. As jobs disappeared, the youth
took into criminal activities and total despair became common place.
6. The economic crisis created deep anxieties and fears in people. The middle classes, especially salaried
employees and pensioners, saw their savings diminish when the currency lost its value.
7. Small business the self employed and retailers suffered as their business got ruined.
8. The large mass of peasantry was affected by a sharp fall in agriculture prices.
9. The great depression helped Hitler to come in to power in Germany. Hitler was a powerful speaker. His
passion and his words moved people. He promised to built a strong nation, undo the in justice of the
Versailles Treaty and restore the dignity of the German people.
10. He promised employment for those looking for work and a secure future for the youth. He appealed specially
to the middle class which felt threatened by capitalism and the Great depression. So that in 1932, Hitler got
37% voters in the Reichstag and his Nazi Party became the largest party in the parliament.
5. What were the political changes brought under the Nazi rule? Often people argue that a single
powerful leader can resolve the problems of a country. Based on the experiences narrated in the
context of Nazi Germany how do you respond to this vision?
1. Hitler came to power and immediately took steps to establish an undemocratic and autocratic rule and
dismantle all democratic institutions.
2. The country was turned in to as a dictatorship government Hitler introduced conscription in Germany.
3. On 3 March 1933, the famous Enabling Act was passed. It gave Hitler all powers to sideline parliament and
rule by decree.
4. All political parties and trade unions were banned except for the Nazi party and its affiliates.
5. The state established complete control over the economy, media, army and Judiciary.
6. Hitler apposed and refused the conditions in the Versailles treaty and with drew the country from the league
of Nations.
7. Hitler established racial supremacy of Aryan Germans, security forces to control over the society.
Only one decade Nazi party had controlled Germany. But only democratic government can resolve the problems in
a peaceful manner.
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Inshah Neha
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Sridhar Talari
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Shruthi Upparpalli
ROFL
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Meghana Reddy
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