Tiempo

Uso

Afirmativo

Negativo

Interrogativo

Partculas
temporales

Presente
simple
(vivo)

-Para referirnos a acciones

habituales o rutinas
-hechos o verdades generales.
-Con Verbos estaticos(like, dislike,

S + Vbo (s/es) + C
I play tennis.
He plays tennis
The sun rises in the east.
I think the tickets are in your
suitcase.

S + do/does+ not+ vbo

inf

Do/does+ S+ vbo
inf+ C ?

I dont play tennis

He doesnt play tennis.
The sun doesnt rise in the
east.
I dont think the tickets are in
your

Do you play tennis? Yes, I

do
Does he play tennis? Yes,
he does.

Presente
Continuo.
(estoy
viviendo)

-Cuando la accin est ocurriendo en el

S + Vbo to be (am,are,is) +
-ing
I am reading a book now.
He is learning Japanese.
His mother is visiting Paris
next week.
He`s always crying

S+ Vbo to be (am,are,is)+
not + ing.
I am not reading a book now.
He is not learning Japanese.
His mother isnt visiting Paris
next week.
He isnt always crying

Vbo to be+ S+ ing

?

Always, frequently,
usually, generally, often,
sometimes, rarely,
seldom, never, once a
week/month/year, twice a
, three times a , every
day, in the morning, in the
afternoon, i
n the evening, on
Saturday
mornings/evenings
at the moment, this year,
at present, now, right
now, tonight, next week,
next month, tomorrow

Pasado
Simple
(viv)

-Acciones acabadas que

ocurrieron en un momento
concreto del pasado.
- Para expresar que varias
acciones ocurrieron
consecutivamente en el pasado.
- Para indicar que una accin
mas corta en el pasado
interrumpi otra accin mas
larga que estaba en progreso,
uniendo las dos oraciones con
as, while o when.

S + VBO (-ed/2 columna)

+C
She flew to NY two weeks ago.
She rang and the he opened
the door.
I was walking home when I
met a friend.

S+ did +not+ vbo inf + C

She didnt fly to NY two weeks
ago.
She didnt ring and the he
opened the door.

Pasado
Continuo
(estaba
viviendo)

-Para decir que una accin estaba

ocurriendo en un momento
especifico del pasado.
-Para indicar que una accin larga
estaba teniendo lugar cuando fue
interrumpida por otra accin corta.
- Para expresar que dos o mas
acciones estaban sucediendo
simultneamente en el pasado. en

S+ was/were+ -ing + C
I was packing at around 9
oclock last night.
They were washing the car
when it started to rain.
While he was shopping , I was
trying to find a bank.
It was raining outside.

S + was/were + not +-ing

+C
I wasnt packing at around 9
oclock last night.
They werent washing the car
when it started to rain.
While he wasnt shopping , I
wasnt trying to find a bank.

love, hate, hope, want, prefer,

believe, remember, forget, guess,
know, understand, think, see, feel,
hear, smell, taste, sound, touch,
cost, measure, weigh, have, own,
belong)

momento de hablar.
-Para referirnos a acciones prolongadas
que empezaron hace algn tiempo y
todava esta en progreso
-para referirnos a planes o acciones fijadas
que tendrn lugar en un futuro prximo.
-Indicar acciones repetidas y montonas
mostrando cierta queja.

Am I reading a book now?

Yes, I am.
Is he learning Japanese?
Yes, he is
Is his mother visiting Paris
next week? No, she isnt
Is he always crying? No,
he isnt
Did + S + Vbo inf ?
Did she fly to NY two
weeks ago? Yes, she did.
Did she ring and the he
open the door? No she
didnt

Was/were +S + -ing+
C?
Was I packing at around 9
oclock last night? Yes, I
was
Were they washing the
car when it started to
rain? No,they werent

Yesterday, last week, two

days ago, in 1990, on
September 11th , when,
then.

At 9 oclock , last night,

while, as, yesterday at

este caso la oracin suele empezar

con while.
-Para hacer Descripciones del
pasado.
-al referirnos a acciones pasadas
repetidas y montonas denotando
que nos desagradaban.

He was always complaining

about everything.

It wasnt raining outside.

He wasnt always complaining
about everything.

Futuro
Simple
(vivir)

-Cuando se toma una decisin repentina

S + will + infinitivo
I will answer the phone.
You will pass the exam.
The bus will leave in an hour.

S + Will + not + infinitivo

I will not answer the phone.
You wont pass the exam.
The bus wont leave in an
hour.

Will + S + infinitivo..?
Will I answer the phone?
Will you pass the exam?
Will the bus leave in an
hour?

This evening, later, next

week, soon, at ten oclock,
in the future, tomorrow, in
an hour

Futuro
continuo
(estar
viviendo)

-Para expresar lo que estar

ocurriendo en in momento
determinado del futuro.

S +will+ BE+ -ing + C

By the end of next week
we will be travelling to
Brazil.

S + won`t + BE+ -ing +

C
By the end of next week
we wont be travelling to
Brazil.

Will+ S + BE + -ing+
C?
By the end of next
week ,will we be
travelling to Brazil.?
No, we wont

At this time tomorrow, by

7 oclock, by the end of ,
at this time next

Futuro
con
Going to
(voy a
vivir)

-Para hablar de nuestras

intenciones o planes en el
futuro prximo.
-Para indicar que algo esta
apunto de ocurrir.
- Cuando queremos decir que
algo va a suceder en un futuro
cercano porque se ven claros
indicios de ello.

S + to be (am,are,is) +
GOING TO + inf
I am going to meet Mary
tomorrow.
The tree is going to fall.
She`s going to have a baby.

S + to be (am,are,is)
+not+ GOING TO + inf
Im not going to meet Mary
tomorrow.
The tree isnt going to fall.
She isnt going to have a
baby.

To be (am,are,is) +S +
GOING TO + inf?
Am I going to meet Mary
tomorrow? Yes, I am.
Is the tree going to fall?
No, it isnt
Is she going to have a
baby? No,she isnt.

This evening, later, next

week, soon, at ten oclock,
in the future, tomorrow, in
an hour,one day,in a week

Presente
Perfecto
(he vivido)

-Para hablar de acciones terminadas

en el pasado que son relevantes en
el presente.
- Para expresar una accin que
acaba de ocurrir. Entonces se utiliza
just entre have y el participio.
-Con acciones que empezaron en el
pasado pero todava tienen
continuidad en el presente. (se suele
traducir en presente).
-para referirnos a una accin
acabada sin especificar el momento
exacto en que ocurri, porque no se
sabe o esa informacin no es
importante.

S + have /has +
Participio Pasado

S +have/has + not + PP

Have/has + S + PP?

I have not passed my exam

He hasnt just come back
from Italy.
She hasnt waited the bus for
over an hour.
They havent lived here since
they got married.
We havent bought some
travelers cheques.

Have you passed the

exam? No, I havent.
Has he just come back
from Italy? Yes, he has
Has she waited the bus
for over an hour? Yes, she
has.
Have they lived here since
they got married? Yes,
they have.
Have you bought some
travelers cheques? Yes, I
have.

Ever (?)-alguna vez.

Never (+)-nunca
Just (+)-justo ahora.

Pasado
perfecto

-Para expresar que una

accin ya haba ocurrido

S + had + Participio
Pasado

S + had + not+
Participio Pasado

Had + S + Participio
Pasado?

en el momento que se esta hablando.

-Para hacer predicciones sobre hechos
futuros.
-Para hablar de horarios en un futuro
prximo.

I have passed my exam

He has just come back from
Italy.
She has waited the bus for
over an hour.
They have lived here since
they got married.
We have bought some
travelers cheques.

Yet (-)-ya,aun
Recently
Already (+)- ya
For (periodo
tiempo),durante
Since desde
How long?

Already, when, by the

time, before

(haba
vivido)

antes de otra accin en el

pasado, o antes del tiempo
indicado en la frase.

They had already left by

the time Peter came over.
When they arrived the
train had already gone.
Before he was 22, he had
finished his studies

They hadnt already left by

the time Peter came over.
When they arrived the
train hadnt already gone.
Before he was 22, he
hadnt finished his studies

Had they already left

by the time Peter came
over?
Had he finished his
studies Before he was
22?

Futuro
perfecto
(habre
vivido)

-Para indicar que una accion

Habra terminado en un
momento concreto del
futuro.

S+WILL + HAVE+ Participio

Pasado
We will have started the exam
by ten oclock.
This time next year we will
have finished the house.

S+ WILL + not+ HAVE+ Part

Pas
We wont have started the
exam by ten oclock.
This time next year we wont
have finished the house.

WILL +S+ HAVE+

Participio Pas.
Will we have started the
exam by ten oclock? Yes,
we will.
This time next year, will
we have finished the
house?No, we wont.

B y this time next

week, by ten oclock,
by then

Presente
perfecto
continuo
(he
estado
viviendo)

-Para hablar de acciones

S + Have/has + BEEN
+ -ing

S + have/has +BEEN
+-ing

Have/has +
S+BEEN +-ing.

For-durante
Since-desde
All day

Pasado
Perfecto
Continuo
(habia
estado
viviendo)

-Para expresar acciones

prolongadas que estaban a
ocurriendo en el pasado
antes de otra accin breve.

S + Had+ BEEN + -ing

We had been travelling for
days when it started
snowing.

S + Had + BEEN + -ing

We hadnt been travelling
for days when it started
snowing.

Had +S +BEEN +
-ing

All morning,
when,for,since,by the
time

prolongadas que empezaron

hace algun tiempo y que
todavia continuan.(Lle va +
gerundio).
-Para hablar de una accin
recientemente terminada
cuyos efectos se ven en el
presente.

Martin has been thinking

of taking a gap year for
quite some time.
I have been painting the
house.

Martin has been thinking

of taking a gap year for
quite some time.
I have been painting the
house.

Has Martin been

thinking of taking a
gap year for quite
some time? Yes, he
has.
Have you been
painting the house?
Yes, I have.

Had you been

travelling for days
when it started
snowing?