A Guide To The Babylonian and Assyrian Antiquities 1000152736 PDF

A
GUIDE
TO
THE
BABYLONIAN
AND
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
MUSEUM.
BRITISH
GUIDE
TO
THE
Babylonian
AND
Antiquities
Assyrian
PRINTED
PLATES.
THIRTY-FOUR
WITH
BY
ORDER
OF
1900.
THE
TRUSTEES.
*"{ //
AND
SONS,
HARRISON
MAJBSTV,
ORDINAKY
TO
1I1K
IN
LONDON.
I.ANE.
ST.
MARTINS
PREFACE.
this
In
Guide
and
These
described
are
cover
from
ranging
comprised by
for
reconstructing
the
cuneiform
them
made
the
the
been
of
recent
to
of
the
the
Mr.
In
500.
A.D.
them
material
available
Asia
inscribed
in
in
the
in
inscribed
who
with
and
commercial,
religious,
Parthian,
the
and
Assyrians ;
to
Roman,
exhibition
and
the later
and
and
periods
Sassanian
Every
concise
and
these
of
the
arranged
antiquities
objects have
nearly as
as
effort
has
in the
form
King, M.A.,
me
in the
Assistant
Egyptian
Antiquities,
Bbitish
2\st, 1900.
in
preparationof
E.
May
kings
been
been
possible
made
labels
to
attached
objects.
L. W.
of
the
Mesopotamia.
grouped,
several
bas-reliefs, and
and
objectsbelonging
years
information
ably assisted
Department
thousand
tablets
and
Babylonians
chronological order.
impart
five
titles of
and
entirely reorganized,
classified,and
in
to
Western
clay cylinders
periods of occupation
has
Museum.
about
sculptures
names
Persian, Greek,
During
British
boundary-stones, gate-sockets,and
miscellaneous
numerous
of
historyand
life
domestic
4500
B.C.
historyof
consist
with
baked
of the
records
of
the
of
largest portion of
monuments,
inscribed
bricks
about
the
lonian
Baby-
of
character.
collections
inscribed
period
far the
are
The
in
Assyrian antiquitiesnow
collections
years,
great collections
the
and
Assykiax
Muskum.
A.
the
Department,
this Guide.
WALLIS
BUDGE.
has
CONTENTS.
LIST
OF
THE
PERSIAN
SKETCH
PRINCIPAL
BABYLONIAN,
ASSYRIAN,
AND
xi
KINGS
OF
BABYLONIAN
AND
ASSYRIAN
HISTORY
.
ASSYRIAN
GALLERY
NIMROUD
CENTRAL
ASSYRIAN
NINEVEH
BABYLONIAN
18
TRANSEPT
NIMROUD
20
24
SALOON
27
SALOON
31
GALLERY
AND
ASSYRIAN
ROOM
7i"
LIST
PLATES.
OF
PLATE
of
Statue
to
The
Ashur-nasir-pal, king-
Obelisk"
from
Assyria
Sennacherib,
before
668
b.c.
to
626,
b.c.
V.
Elamites
...
with
Babylonian
the
VI.
the
the
the
of
legend
fight
between
VII.
inscribed
with
the
Babylonian
VIII.
Deluge
Eannadu,
of
Shirpurla,
of
governor
IX.
4500
b.c.
Gudea,
Babylonia
of
governor
of
the
about
Shirpurla,
of
time
about
b.c.
X.
2500
.
Nebuchadnezzar
I.,king
of
XI.
1120
b.c.
......
Shalmaneser
II., king
of
from
Assyria
860
b.c.
XII.
825
b.c.
with
and
inscription
Assyria
from
figure of Ashur-bani-pal, king
668
b.c.
with
inscribed
Brick
the
inscribed
tablet
Boundary-stone
of
from
Creation
tablet
of
681,
b.c.
III.
Tianiat
of
of
to
IV.
with
of
Memorial
705
B.C.
......
Assyria
tablets
the
and
account
Stele
from
.......
inscribed
Fragment
II.
libation
of
Marduk
to
of
of
II., king
825
B.C.
Assyria
king
of
account
Brick
to
Ashur-bani-pal against
Fragments
about
by Shalmaueser
up
city of Lachish
pouring* out
Tablet
860
of
king'
the
of
set
b.c.
Ashur-bani-pal,
Brick
Assyria
885
b.c.
1.
Black
Battle
from
860
b.c.
"
of
the
to
b.c.
and
name
XIII.
626
titles
of
nezzar
Nebuchad-
II.
XIV.
.
Bronze
doorstep
from
View
b.c.
of
the
604
of
Nebuchadnezzar
to
b.c.
of
rock
II.,king
of
Babylonia
XV.
561
Behistun
in
Persia
XVI.
....
Scene
Great
from
the
rock
receiving
the
of
Behistun, representing
submission
of the
rebel
Darius
the
chiefs
XVII.
.
LIST
PLATES.
OF
PLATE
List
of
in
compiled
estates
the
Bur-Sin, about
of
reign
XVIII.
2400
B.C.
Inscribed
Ur-Bau,
of
cone
of
governor
about
Shirpurla
XIX.
2500
b.c.
of
Statue
early Sumerian
an
royal
priestly
or
personage
XX.
official
of
Inscription
Khammurabi,
of
king
about
Babylonia
XXI.
2200
b.c.
Stone
of
tablet
Xabu-pal-iddina,
of
king
about
Babylonia
XXII.
870
b.c.
of
Cylinder-seal
cylinder-seal
seal
the
reign
Adda,
of
about
Babylonian
Chronicle
Babylonian
spelling-book,
from
about
b.c.
View
of the
Mound
View
of
2500
b.c.
about
2500
b.c.
and
cylinderXXIII.
500
b.c.
XXIV.
Tushratta
1450
about
Ur-Gur,
Darius, king of Persia,
of
Letter
of
to
written
about,
XXV.
442
b.c.
III., king of
Amenophis
Egypt,
XXVI.
of
Birs-Nimrud,
XXVII.
Babylon
the
traditional
site
of
the
Tower
of
XXVIII.
Babel
cylinder of Nabonidus,
Inscribed
b.c.
555
Baked
to
b.c.
inscribed
Cylinder
Babylon
Cylinder
Naram-
mentioning
XXX.
with
Sennacherib,
681,
b.c.
XXIX.
son
3750
inscribed
of
Persia,
of
king
with
of
account
an
by Cyrus, king
of
his
Nabonidus,
of
from
Babylonia
Belshazzar
538, mentioning
clay cylinder
Sin, about
to
b.c.
of
king
an
b.c
the
XXXI.
638
.
from
Assyria
account
of
capture
B.C.
the
of
705
siege
of
Jerusalem
X X X 11
.
Cylinder
i..".
Esarhaddon,
king
of
Assyria
from
b.c.
(581
to
668
Cylinder
to
of
b.c.
XXXIII.
of
626
Ashnr-bani-pal, king
of
Assyria
from
b.c.
668
XXXIV.
LIST
ASSYRIAN,
I.
Kings
"
BABYLONIAN,
PRINCIPAL
THE
OF
of
KINGS.
AND
PERSIAN
Early
Babylonian
States.
B.C.
îj
Before
4500.
Urukagina
-"fl -tfcj -|f^
About
4500.
Ur-Nina
Tjy
4500.
Akurgal
yj \A
4500.
Eannadu
t|yyf -"f
4500.
Enannadu
4500.
Entemena
4500.
Enannadu
3800.
Sargon
3750.
Naram-Sin
ttfl
2500.
Ur-Gur
IH
Hh
2500.
Dungi
2500.
Ur-Bau
JfcJ "f
2500.
Nammakhani
-ft^
-Ê^
J^:
2500.
Gudea.
""jH
""3"
J !?
2500.
Ur-Ningirsu
J"J
"f
2400.
Sin-gashid
-+
-^
I.
II.
I.
I.
^Jf_ jQgJ
th
fc2|
-"f
-^
|- ^4
S2f
-IJ "f
Rfl
s^TTT^ Sff fcStS
^H
"f
^Tt
-XL **||
"$4ft{ -ff^
**1
-TIT-
tr^T
"^Tf
-HIT
M^f*
^"H
"T^
^"T
Xii
OF
LIST
THE
BABYLONIAN'.
PRINCIPAL
B.C.
About
2400.
Sin-gamil
-"f -^ -^fl -ITT* "-- "^TT
2400.
Iskme-Dagan
-"f ^ff f- -"f fc?TT^
2400.
Enannaduma
-^ -"f- ^
2400.
Gungurmm
"-* ^
jfc*fcfl|
2400.
Dungi
2400.
Bur-Sin
"f
"^
2400.
Gamil-Sin
"f
"f "f
2400.
Ine-Sin
"f
-"
2300.
Kudur-Mabuk
HJ i^T IH
2300.
Rim-Sin
2300.
Niir-Ramman
-"f "/- ""l|| -*f ^Hff
2300.
Sin-idinnam
-"f ^
,.
"
"
..
..
..
..
.,
(or Eri-Aku)
..
"
II.
"
About
"
Kings
of
the
First
Hh
"-IT
-^ ^TI
"^T
"T
"f
-II "*=TT
-Si
-"rf -Hf- -^ **fl
1$ JK ^J Ml
-"fcfl
Empire.
Babylonian
2300.
Sumu-abi
f -,"11 ^MJ
2290.
Sumula-ilu
f "i"H ^
2255.
Zabum
f ft ^
2240.
Apil-Sin
f |J E2"J
2220.
Sin-niuballit
f -"f "" ^
m"| Eft:KM
2200.
Khammurabi
T tt" ^^
"-11 ^
"
"
"
fc^fflf
"JsflRHHf^
II.
"
J^f fc|
"
8145. Sa.usu-iluna
| Jj" ^
8110.
T It
A!"-..slm'
..
\.,w,.i.iit.u.;,
*"l -"f
t^fff
Hf" ""
t" M
.grflf
*fl B
-4-Hf-
y ^
"::- "T^
"^c
^f
s^TTT-4
c=TTT^
8060.
kmnimduga
| ""
8040.
Samsnditana
f "5 r^L
i7""o.
Agum
f R ^
nr,o.
K;11a-i. i.ia"ii
y *cfe]^t; ê^,; gfl
"
TT
-4
-i"TT "T3= s"TTT-^
"Tff
-
ASSYRIAN,
AND
PERSIAN
KINGS.
Xlll
XIV
THE
OF
LIST
Kings
III.
"
BABYLONIAN,
PRINCIPAL
Assyria.
of
B.C.
About
2000.
Iriflhttm
1840.
Isbnie-Dag-an
^TT J- Hf- ~TT "
1820.
Sbamsbi-Kammaii
T *W=
1700.
Samsi-Ramman
1450.
Asbur-bel-nisbisbu
1425.
Puzur-Aslmr
r #-
1400.
Aslmr-nballit
r -v
1400.
Bel-nirari
1350.
Pudi-ilu
1325.
Ramman-nirari
1300.
Sbalmaneser
1275.
Tukulti-Ninib
1210.
"
,,
"w
"T- -HF- 4^
-IT -HF- -^Hff
"^
.,
c:
-v
mot* -"r"-h
"
"
..
T -HF- 4AF- *!**
I.
"
T HF- "T3= "T *" HF-
I.
"fnim
HF-
Bel-kudur-usur
T -HF- ^
1200.
Aslmr-dan
I -HF-!J -V
1150.
Mutakkil-Xusku
T "*
1140.
Asbur-risli-islii
1100.
Tiglath-PilesorI.
1080.
Sbamslii-Kaininnii
1080.
Asbur-brl-kala
"
"v
Hf! B HF-
5*8 CT -HF- *"
"
"
..
'.ill
I
I.
950.
II.
Tiglath-Pfleeer
91L
Ashur-lfu.
890.
BammAn-nirari
r b
T -V
II.
885. 'rnkulti-Ninil)
t *m*
[I
II.
"r- -+
mi
-"r"n ^rrrr^
wr
tffi
T HF- 4ff *fe*

r b
-"t"-+
Hf
I
.\s!nn-iiasii-|":i
halmaneter
II.
Etamrafo II.
14
"tt-"W
T Hf-
4 "T-
Hf
-Hf 4H!
AND
ASSYRIAN,
KINGS.
PERSIAN
XV
B.C.
812-783.
EammAn-nirari
783-773.
Shalmaneser
773-754.
Ashur-dan
754-745.
745-727.
IIL
III.
y Hh
^*ff *r*^
f "f
"T3= "T V" +
f "V
tfTI^*f
Ashur-nirari
y "V
*}e3"
Tiglath-PileserIII.
^ ^TT
J Ygf ~cf"fj fi=TTTT
III.
727-722." Shalmaneser
f "fr?=^| "/- "f
IV.
722-705.
Sargon.
f ^g^
705-681.
Sennacherib
] -"f "" ^
681-668.
Esarhaddon
| "V
668-626.
Ashur-bani-juil
f "~"f--^ ^1 fj
625.
Ashur-etil-ilani
615.
Sin-shar-islikun
| "f
About
"
IV.
"
Kings
of
the
Second
HfT^
"-"
"-"f-]"+""*"
"" ^^
Empire.
Babylonian
y ^K
ts""f"Tg^$
y ^^
Nabopolassar
604-561.
Nebuchadnezzar
561-559.
Evil-Merodach
T Tt MÎ
559-556.
Neriglissar
y "f- "^yy jg^
556-555.
Labashi-Marduk
555-538.
Nabonidus
y ^fj^t ^
A'." Persian
Kings
""] ft -^
of
Km*
C^T
A:
"f- "f
^"f
C^*T
"^y
Babylon.
Cyrus.
y @
529-521.
Cambyses.
y t" ^
521-485.
Darius
485-465.
Xerxes
y ^
465-424.
Artaxerxes
y "f" yflL^
Great
^T
^
538-529.
the
*=TR
625-604.
II.
-"ff
g$fc ^g ^
tfy
""
f"
^ff "
"-]]^"fc^R
*"T? Tr *Hfff"
J gflf T? Hflfi
"fHfTl "F
"f- ^-"f
^
*i"TT
BABYLONIAN
AND
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
the Turanian
At
a
family of nations.
in the history of the country, the Semites
of the Accadians
and
Sumerians,
subsequent period
invaded
the territory
and
having conquered
Nippur, and other cities.
tants,
They appear to have amalgamated with the originalinhabiand
their language was
the
used side by side with
ancient Accadian
and Sumerian, and they graduallyadopted
of the foreign words
into their vocabulary. When
many
these
nations, settled in
the Semitic
and
Ur
and
language became
Sumerian
stillsurvived
the
as
tongue, Accadian
common
literarylanguages.
I0"5II"M
BA
('
"
"
The
earlieslhistoricalking known
lii'-father of Naram
afforded
B.C.
by
'
the
""
Sin,
who
"
"""
l""
CH*.
I'"
usisSargonof
acoordingto the
Agade,
information
of Babylon,
of Nabonidus, king
oylijider
page 172),reignedthree thousand
two
SKETCH
hundred
written
about
Sin reigned
B.C.
the year
about
B.C.
The
3800.
that
indicates
that
that
proves
to be felt throughout
when
waning
rule
Sargon made
and
they
kings
wore
kings
the
Sumerian
the names
for
long,
of
been
of
at
its possessor
tradition
their power
Babylonia,it is probable that the Sumerian
Naram-Sin
Naram-
Sargon about
his father
later
as
inscriptionwas
assume
may
Naram-Sin
Semite, and
was
550, we
3750, and
B.C.
name
this
As
Nabonidus.
before
years
HISTORY.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
OF
period of
The
Agade.
was
power
must
B.C. 4000
of
considerable
number
the
have
before
kings
Sumerian
tions
inscripalmost certainly
written before the reign
which
were
of these can
be arranged in
Sargon of Agade. Some
and
rulers
of
identified from
been
have
the
chronological order, e.g., the rulers

Tell Loh), Ur-Nina,
Shirpurla(the modern
strict
and Enannadu
I.,Entemena,
and
reigns are unknown,
Enannadu
nadu,
lengths
their
of
of
the
city of
Akurgal, E-anII., but the

their dates
can
It is,however, probable
that this group
of years
of kings reigned several
hundreds
before the time of Sargon, hence
have
wo
assigned to
E-annadu, the greatest of them all. the date B.C. 4500.
and
An earlier king of the cityof Shirpurlawas
Uru-kagina,
only be
it is
approximately ascertained.
possiblethat Lugal-zaggisi,
a
reigned
latter king
still earlier
at
Erech, Larsa, and
date.
Babylonian cities
knowledge it is useless
of
state
the
great
cities
of
known
to
federation
con-
In the
us.
attempt
to
Ui\
to
present
assign a date
this
foundingof
to the
this
empire
represents the earliest
Nippur, and
of
city of Isban,
of which
The
included
master
was
ruler of the
earlyempire; but the complex social

system and the highly organized state of Lugal-zaggisi's
zation
civilidominions, indicate that the beginning of Sumerian
date
may
From
about
from
B.C.
periodeven
3750
to B.C.
as
2500
remote
as
B.C.
8000.
of the
littleis known
the country, but from

about B.C. 2500 to B.C. 2200
of the older cities,e.g., Shirpurla,Ur, and
Isin, were
historyof
many
ruled
to
by independent princes,whose
Thus
us.
Shirpurla
and
were
Nippur
and
Ur-Bau
about
lords
and
B.C.
of
Cuthah,
Gudea,
2500
; Ur-Gur
the
cities of
about
have
names
down
come
and
ruled at
Ur-Ningirsu
and Dungi
ruled at Ur,
Shirpurla,Erech, Larsa,
LibitUr-Ninib,
ruled
I. and
at
Ishtar, Bur-Sin
Ishme-Dagan
Isin, and
lords of the cities of Nippur, Eridu, and
Erech
about
were
the
and
same
period;
Gamil-Sin
ruled
and
at
B.C.
2500
Bur-Sin
Gungunu,
II., Ine-Sin,
of tablets
Ur, and the great numbers
u
BABYLONIAN
which
inscribed
were
ANTIQUITIES.
ASSYRIAN
AND
the
their reigns attest
in
great prosperity
of the country at this period.

2200
about
to B.C.
From
B.C. 2500
no
great, central,
in Babylonia ; the rule of one
existed
permanent power
the latter
About
city risingas that of another declined.
period,however, we find the Semitic king of Babylon called
gaining great influence in the country, and his

able to expel
eventuallybecame so great,that he was
Khammurabi
power
the Elamites, who
Rim-Sin
son
established
numerous
which
Eri-Aku
or
were
successors
and
kings Kudur-Mabug
effected
had
cities of Erech
Sumerian
ancient
their
under
and
settlement
his
in the
Khammurabi
Larsa.
powerful kingdom on the Euphrates,and the

legal,commercial, religiousand other documents
written
during the reigns of himself and his
(Abeshu), Ammi-ditana,
Samsu-iluna, Ebishum
a
and
Ammi-zaduga,
Samsu-ditana,
the
that
prove
people of
the country had reached

a very
high pitch of civilization.
invaded
About
B.C. 1800
Babylonia'
was
by the Cassites,
district situated
from
of warlike
a
came
a
race
people who
on
the east
of
the
Tigrisand to
breaking the power
in
succeeded
themselves
many
in
centuries.
But
the Semites
and
founded
had
the
the
They
Elam.
lishing
in estab-
Babylonia and
they flourished
country, where
of
it is clear that
had
of
noith
in the
time
for
murabi
of Kham-
their way
northwards,
the banks of the Tigris,and
the country which
they had
already made
settlements
on
this
early period
of the Cassites
colonized bore the name
oi Assyria.The
oppression
the
increased
emigrationof the Semites northwards, and
the northern portionof the empire asserted its
about B.C. 1700
separate kingdom, and its
a
independence Assyria became
became
preponderant in its relationswith the mother
power
that
even
at
the power
and we
vtill predominant in Babylonia,
tablets (sec p. 153) that some
el-Amarna
country.
About
B.C.
1450
of the Cassites
was
know from the Tell

of their kings,e.g.,
Kara-indash
Kuri-galzu, and
corresponded
III.
with
and
his
Bon
Amenophis IV., kings of
Amenophis
lv_j\ |ilin the fifteenth century before Christ.
By about B.C.
become
absorbed
into the
the Cassites
1300
to have
seem
of Babylonia,and
the inscriptions
initiopopulation
prove
time before that periodthey waged incessant
that for some
the nominal object of dispute
war
being the
againsiAssyria,
the
boundaries oi the two
kingdoms. About, B.C. 1275
Burra-buriash,
was
[ueslof Babylonia
and
yria,
from
this
effected by
Tukuiti-Adar
dale
to
down
the
I., king
destruction
of
BABYLONIAN
OF
SKETCH
ASSYRIAN
AND
BISTORY.
history of the older nation is of secondary

the great power
of Western
importance. Assyria became
Asia, the leading epochs of whose
historyunder her more
renowned
recounted.
kings may be briefly
Nineveh
the
The
immediate
with
varying
his
also extended
which
nations
with
war
Tiglath-Pileser
success.
lonia,
Baby-
I., B.C.
1100,
abroad, and, besides
arms
surrounding tribes,he carried

the
I. still appeal
in
continuallyengaged
almost
been
to have
of Tukulti-Adar
successors
inhabited
conquering the
campaigns against
successful
on
the
country
the
to
of the
north-west
in Northern
Euphrates
along the course
upper
the
Avho
in
dwelt
and
the
mountainous
against
peoples
Syria,
In a campaign against
Lake
Van.
district near
northern
also successful ; but this success
was
Babylonia he was
for the Babylonians invaded
followed by a reverse,
Southern
Assyria,and carried off the statues of the gods.
of Tiglath-Pileser I. the power
On
the death
of Assyria
began temporarily to decline ; and after the reign of his
grandson,
sustained
who
defeat
severe
at the
hands
tribes, it momentarily disappears from
nomad
in the
position.But
again emerge
Babylonia
as
was
reign of Tukulti-Adar
conquering nation.
on
further
every
opened
road
the
laid
and
side,
to
the
removed
some
forty miles
built
this monarch,
by
the
reigns.
against the inhabitants of

besides being a
Ashur-nasir-pal,
He
II. the
who
the
great palace,and
conqueror,
of
to
was
government
Calah
carried
for
tended
ex-
the
campaign, which
empire westward,
Syria (B.C. 867).
of his
Northern
seat
northwards
foundation
one
His last
extension
was
builder.
leading
Assyrians
its
885
of future
successes
of the
by his son Ashur-nasir-pal,

Assyrian kings. His conquests
B.C.
greatest of the
of the
subdued
more
once
in
succeeded
was
and
out
also
(Nimrud),
other
great
from
Ashur
he
where
extensive
works
greatly developed in his

13). Assyrian art was
reign,as testified by the remains of sculpturesand articles
(see
p.
which
of ornamentation
The
limits
by
further
II.
maneser
made
Persian
him
of
been
found.
Assyrian empire
Ashur-nasir-pal'sson
(B.C. 860-825),
master
Gulf
the
have
to
frontiers of Media
of
the
to
the
Armenian
the
and
whose
whole
shores
were
almost
mountains,
the
ceaseless
Asia,
and
still
Shal-
successor,
of Western
of
carried
wars
from
the
from
the
Mediterranean.
His
interest,for here we
campaigns in the west have a particular
with the Israelites.
find the Assyriansfirst coming in contact
(5
BABYLONIAN
the
When
and
of the
power
there
ASSYRIAN
AND
Syrians
general
was
of
Israel, was
Shalmaneser's
immediate
king
Jehu,
ANTIQUITIES.
of
Damascus
submission
to
among
those
broken,
was
the
Assyrian king,
who
tribute
sent
(see p. 25).
warlike
been
decadence
but
monarchs,
set
in.
king
arose,
their
after
reigus
whom
But
in
had
B.C.
within
held
her
sway
powerful
745,
III.,*who
a
of Tiglath-Pileser
of
period
again
she
have
to
appear
to shrink
Assyriabegan
the nations
over
borders, and
asserted their independence.
in the person
also
successors
in the
the lost
reign of eighteen years recovered
of the
the boundaries
pushed forward
ground, and even
the
confines
His
first
effort
to
to
of
was
Egypt.
empire
in
his immediate
subdue
neighbour, Babylonia. His Avars
Syria resulted in great calamities for the people of Israel.
Summoned
by Ahaz, king of Judah, to assist him against
hail
who
of Damascus,
Pekah, king of Israel, and* Rezin
the
subdued
attacked
him, Tiglath-Pileserentered
Syria,
his
of
course
carried away
and
the Israelite tribes of Reuben
Ahaz, and
of
enemies
Manasseh,
territorylay
whose
Hoshea,
Assyria,he
detected
invaded,
was
held
out
in
himself
was
for
Gad,
the
east
on
734)
the half-tribe of
and
of
the
Jordan.
new
the
became
formally
of Tiglath-Pileser's
successor,
722), being
captivity(B.C.
king of Israel (B.C. 729),

Assyrianking'svassal ; and in the reign
Shortlyafterwards
the
into
two
intriguewith
an
carried
Samaria
and
prisoner.His
away
country
but
besieged (B.C. 724),
was
its fall
Before
years.
(B.C. 727Egypt against
IV.
Shalmaneser
revolution
took
of no
and
Sargon, "the son
disappears,
succeeded
to the empire.
one,"
usurper,
Sargon's reign of nearly eighteen years (B.C. 722-705J
the first
long series of foreign campaigns. lie
one
viian king to come
into actual conflict with the Egyptians,
place. Shalmaneser
a
was
was
whose
army,
Kiphia,
marched
in alliance
near
after
Be
into Elam.
Samaria.
war
the
Inumb
"
i-.,
lxvi
lhan
the
which
nn\
of
policyof
others,
merit LoM
Pul, kinj;of A.-mriii,"
at
had
he
the
largo nnmhers
Among
defeated
campaign against
carried
Babylonia,and
of
termination
again subdued
More
Philistines, he
frontier, upon
the
lands
into other
conqueredcountries.
the
Egyptian
followed
syHtfin.itieally
"
with
1 in 2
his
predecessors, he
and
displacing
01
most
Kings
ing
remov-
of
the population
of the inhabitants
xv.,
P.); 1 Chron.
v., 12"";
SKETCH
BABYLONIAN
OF
of Samaria
after the
cairied away
were
ASSYRIAN
AND
Sargon was also famous as a builder.

palace at Khorsabad
(see p. 12),which
and
carried
death, in
works
other
on
705, he
B.C.
The
first years of the new

revolts which
putting down
death.
the
erected
been
has
by his
Babylonia,as usual, had
broken
out
off the
thrown
great
excavated,
his
On
Sennacherib.
son
king'sreign were
had
city.
the
Nineveh.
and
succeeded
was
of the
capture
He
Calah
at
HISTORY.
occupied in
on
ISargon's
yoke under
king who had been

In
deposed by Sargon, but was
again completely subdued.
invaded
B.C. 701 Sennacherib
Syria,first attackingthe king
of Sidon, and receiving the submission
of the neighbouring
the revolted
petty kings. Then marching south, he recovered
Philistine city of Askalon, and, advancing against Ekron,
ance
met
to the assistwas
by an Egyptian army which had come
of that city. At Altaku, in Dan, was
fought the second
restless Merodach-Baladan
great battle
latter
the
entered
enslaved
Hezekiah,
It
was
receive
to
Judrea, captured
200,000 of the
Egyptians.
fell.
Ekron
king of Judah,
Hezekiah,
Sennacherib
and
and
Assyrians
again defeated,
were
of
turn
between
III.,
inhabitants,and
laid
the
now
punishment.
small
the
The
towns,
siegeto
salem.
Jeru-
compelled
pressed by famine, was
to yield,and
the
of
the
city by tribute,
purchased
safety
for which
he strippedthe Temple of its gold.*
Satisfied
with this result,Sennacherib
returned
to Assyria. But two
afterwards
he
Palestine, Hezekiah,
again invaded
years
depending on the support of Egypt, having refused farther
first sat
down
before
allegiance. The Assyrian army
the
in
Lachish
call for
to
however,
with
refused.
was
westward
to
Pelusium,
one
battle
host;
of
of
"the
the
angel
king
Egyptian
frontier
A
attack
of the
of
Judah,
for the
Sennacherib
vengeance,
the
of
himself
Contenting
fought.
sudden
the
despatched
was
messenger
of
future
engage
not
was
result of
south, and
submission
the
threat
sore
which
army
which,
moment
marched
lay
at
of
But
the
Egypt.
probably the
great disaster
the Assyrian
plague overtook
towns
"
"
Lord
went
out, and
smote
in the
the
fourscore
hundred
five
and
Assyrians an
when
thousand
and
:
they arose
early in the morning,
all dead
behold, they were
corpses" (2 Kings xix., 35) ; and
of
camp
the remnant
See
Taj lor
the
of the army
official
returned
Assyrian account
of
Cylinder of Sennacherib, p. 195.
this
to
Nineveh.
campaign
in the
of
description
the
BABYLONIAN
After
followed
this there
supported by
of
Susiana,
which
and
Susiana
was
in
campaign
neighbours
the
in B.C.
sons
681
he
cityof
of
invaded
once
campaigns in
and
ravaged,
undertook
Sennacherib
defeated
Tarsus.
been
to have
It appears
reign that
Cilicia,where
ance
resist-
their stubborn
and
succession
than
of his
founded
said to have
his
arms
The
lonians,
Babythe Elamites
home.
nearer
city of Babylon destroyed.
the
by
in
more
in the latter years

a
wars
only quelled after
was
ANTIQUITIES.
their Eastern
again
were
ASSYRIAN
AND
the Greeks, and is

assassinated
He was
(Isaiahxxxvii., 3b).
repaired the works of his predecessors

and reared a palace at Nineveh
on
a
grander scale
been before attempted,and extensivelyornathan had ever
mented
in
it with sculpture. Many of the wall slabs now
and the Nineveh
the Assyrian Saloon
Gallery (see p. 27 ff.)
the ruins of this palace, and
from
excavated
were
among
Sennacherib
restored
and
other events, illustrate details of its construction.

followed
Sennacherib's
death was
by an internal
resulted in the accession of his
in Assyria,which
struggle
Esar-
son
lasted to
His reign,which
power.
supreme
with Phoenicia, with
Cilicia,
B.C. 668, is marked
by wars
of revolt in Babylonia.
with Edom, by the usual suppression
wit)) the Arabs and the Medes, and above all by the
by wars
of Lower
conquest,
by
of
Judah,
his
and
return
Egypt
Assyriansin B.C.
the
and
the
to
haddon
the
The
the
occupation of
eventuallyhe
Esarhaddon
being of a
than
nature
the
country
revolt of Manasseh,
king
of his kingdom
reduction
captivity.But
Jerusalem.
milder
672.
punished by
was
own
to
and
allowed
was
more
to
forgiving
of his line.
most
volved
the
Assyrian king again inreign saw
in war
in Egypt. Tirhakah, the EthiopianPharaoh.
and raising the
in recapturingMemphis
having succeeded
of
defeat
The
country against the Assyrian domination.
and
of Esarhaddon's
the first work
cessor,
suctLis rising
who
B.C.
for
r
ears,
Ashur-bani-pal,
reigned
forty-two
The
of
end
his
son
was
668
626.
Death appears
hod completed
his
been excavated.
Nineveh, still lies

the
which
mound
of
his
to
have
Ksarhaddon
overtaken
which
has
greal palaceat Calah (Nimrud),
Ayel more splendidbuilding, his palaceat
buried and only partially
explored beneath
hears
the
Dame
architectural remains
of
are
Nebi
mens
Speci-
iunus.
therefore
of
Dumber, althoughhe had the reputation
not
before he
scanty
great
hut also of templesof the gods.

only of palaces,
in
builder,
10
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
The
cityheld out for two years,
siege to Nineveh.
but was
at length captured and
destroyed,about B.C. 609.
the conquerors,
divided among
The great empire was
Assyria
of the Medes, and Babylonia
passing under the power
proper
and
other dependencies fallingto the share of Nabopolassar,
and
laid
who
thus became
The
Nabopolassardied about
his
father's death
at
Egypt,
absent
was
Karkemish,
and
which
until B.C.
revolt
removal
B.C.
of
Jerusalem
of
on
years.
Nebuchadnezzar
the
and
Babylonia,
to
of the
by
reign of
Amasis
and
him
weak
were
In the
which
days
was
time
of
by
the
his
by
From
Cyrus, B.C. 539.
the rule ofthe Persians
what
of their
know
we
as
busy, pushing,domineeringrace
ruthless,
En Sculpture
attempts
kings'palaceswere
to
work
they
in the
adorned
their
on
inflicting
would
eomma.id
their
builders*
rent
history,the l'ahylonians
engineers, and,
respectable
.it
it became
( i reeks.
enmity.
punishments of savage
made considerable progress in the
materials
ledge
know-
Belshazzar
the
son,
the Great, when
of Alexander
Assyriansappear
sturdy, warlike,and
They
They were
no
sovereigns who reigned only a

the city
the last king, Nabonidus,
commanded
ami
enemies
have
we
the
at
result.
possession of
Judged
is also evidence
there
II.,but
have
to
against Egypt
was
captured by
Scriptures,
remained
under
date Babylonia
until the
also
appears
ofthe
indiff-
Jerusalem
inhabitants
of the
undertaken
successors
of Babylon,
this
of
capture
againstthe Arabs;
war
of the
few
to
and
rebelled ;
years later,B.C. 586, Zedekiah
of
the
taken
and
the
captivity
people
again
;
was
lie-inning
His
the
large part
campaign
devoted
beautifying
Babylon
temples
best
are
Ave
acquainted
expeditions,
the
conducted
Jews, and
were
against
second
of Judah.
Jehoiakhim's
captivity
accomplished.
carried
himself
Eleven
597.
was
chadnezzar
Nebu-
country.
of
punished by
was
He
flicted,
in-
had
Necho, king of
upon
that
562.
ancient
in the
ended
invade
of his
the moment
he
in which
at
crushing defeat
seventy
succeeded
was
his war-like
which
those
only
campaign
preparingto
was
repairingthe
that city. Of
on
reigned
with
II.,who
Nebuchadnezzar
son
about
605, and
B.C.
Empire.
Babylonian
lasted
Babylonian Empire
New
years.
by
of the New
the founder
with
as
as
the
allow,
they
appear
tO
round:
conquered
Mechanical
far
the
"
arts.
imperfect
were
have
walls
cessful
suc-
made
of their
sometimes, as
reliefs,
in
SKETCH
BABYLONIAN
OF
11
HISTORY.
ASSYRIAN
AND
and
breadth
of considerable
Aslmr-nasir-pal,
and
at a late period,as in the palace of Ashur-banipower,
In
pal, exhibiting great technical skill and refinement.
An
successful.
details of pure
decoration
they were
very
the
palace
materials
exhibited
of
Tell-Balawat,
Empire
may
work
in
various
drawn
to
the skill
The
find
we
terns
pat-
repousse
gate ^fittings
the
on
in remote
periods
statuettes
of this
Even
remarkable.
Babvlonian
Old
the
shields,and
and
are
be
may
of metals.
treatment
their bowls
on
from
their
in
be formed
arts
their
of
existing specimens
and special attention
the
minor
in the
of their progress
estimate
from
of
material.
In Science
in
they excelled, especially
and
mathematics
In
Religion
of the
and
Sin, the
they
p.
of
Shamash,
Sun;
the
bodies
heavenly
gods
principal
Their
nature.
of
200.)
worshippers of the
were
powers
moon;
(See
astronomy.
knowledge
their
Marduk,
were
of the
form
to heaven
; Ann.
Sun-god, who conveyed the prayers of men
Ea, the
the god of the sky, Bel, the god of the earth, and
god of the abyss and of deep knowledge, forming a trinity;
and thunder; Dagon, the fishthe god of wind
Kammanu,
the
gods and
war
and
science
of
god
hunting.
and
their
"
"
bear
yvitness
skill
the
Chaldaean
to
their
have
which
of omen-tablets
number
The
"
survived
of
Mercury, seribe ot
learning; Nergal, god of
Aphrodite; Nairn,
Istar, their
god;
nil
"
superstition.
extreme
magicians
astrologers and
Ihe
was
proverbial.
Their
Language
was
of
the
great Semitic
Syriac,and
Hebrew.
closelyallied to
more
dialect
group;
Chaldee
than
to
Himyaritic.
consist
inscriptions
by
of wedges, placed upright
ot groups
of strokes in the form
or
horizontally:hence the writing has been generallycalled
character
Each
cuneiform
was
originallya
Cuneiform.
Arabic, Ethiopic,and
The
Characters
which
picture,
other
or
was
Sabaean
inscribed
substance.*
or
them
used
in their
in outline
upon
stone
Eventually clay became
bronze
or
the
common
impress the
it easilyand
quickly.
complicated picture characters
upon
the
of
such
as
discarded
therefore
appeared
sign
parts
They
the
and
this
by
gradually transformed
process
superfluous,
old
the
signs. Thus
picture writing into conventional
in
Babylonian picture form "fc,meaning a "star," became
material
but
the
scribes
found
it difficult to
picturewriting
Among the oldest specimens of Babvlonian
See p. 8 J.
of Eaunadu, Entemna, and Sargon I.
are
the
tions
inscrip-
12
BABYLONIAN
the
ASSYRIAN
AND
Tt^^zlmeaning
later writing "-4-; and
^""
KM-
IiTt
characters
moist, with
point of
three
discovered
They
of wood,
instrument
an
facets.
tablets
or
unequal
inscribed
The
impressed
were
cakes
"
in size from
range
generallyof
"
cate"
became
"
The
ANTIQUITIES.
the
upon
bone,
"
15
of
or
which
clay
inches
clay while still

metal, having a
by
have
to
been
by ^.
in thickness.
quadrangular form, varying

either suninscription
they were
dried or baked.
to baking it was
Previous
sometimes
tomary
custo pierce the tablets with
small holes,apparently to
allow for evaporationand
prevent fracture (see Table-cases
A-I
in the Nineveh
Gallery). Tablets served for literary,
Commercial
commercial, domestic, and
general purposes.
tablets were
Most
of
the literary
tablets
usuallysun-dried.
are
After
in the
now
which
receiving the
British
Museum
Sennacherib
discovered
were
in the libraries
lished
Ashur-bani-palcollected and estabin their palacesat Nineveh.
also
Clay cylinderswere
of the Assyrian
used for specialpurposes.
In the foundations
of large size,and
palaces have been found such cylinders,
having six,eight or ten sides, inscribed with the annals of
which
the kings. The Babylonian cylinders,
usuallycontain
the architectural
historyof the kings' reigns,are generally
and
barrel-shaped.(See
The
of the
the
In
began
to
ancient
and
historyof the exploration

Babylonian and Assyrian sites is as
year
In
M.
1842
explore the
Botta,
mound
the
of
French
and
Consul
Kouyunjik,
his
tions
excava-
follows
at
the
:
"
Mosul.
site of
f.),but without much

operationsto Khorsabad, a
(sec p. 14
Nineveh
he transferred
north
169.)
p.
outline of the
the
success;
few
miles
of Mosul.*
Sir
the
year 1845
exploringthe mound
-it.' of
the
at
ancient
(jiecesis x., ll,f
Henry Layanl began the

This
Nimrud.
city of Calah,
by Ashur.
built
was
In
marks
mound
which,
the
of
work
the
according
to
largestandard
(""., the town of Choeroi ") af. Botta found the rexnaina
t
inoe
a
large building,
proved to DO the puhuv of Snrjjon, kin^ of Assyria,
which be exoavated ware
The
72706.
i.o
greater part of the "oulptum
Theannali
of Sargon,whioh are
t.i Pork] "
resolied
-"hi
feu
ran
England,
imkcii
ciu\ rylindere,
in the BobjlonionRoom on
ineeribtd upon
to be foeo
are
lie
i"
Queer Floor, TuM. m-.
*"-ulptum from (hit palacewhich were
obtained fur the Britiah ICuaeum by Sir Benry Rawlineon are exhibited In the
and oontiol "f two ooloeeal bulli and wall -- 1."1 1"
Aonriaa Xraneopti
Ami
mil
i"r tiuii laud wni
forth a\afhur,andbuilded Ninereh,and the
t
and Oalah."
it\ Beboboth,
"
At
K)ior"abad
"
"-
of
"
"
"
AND
BABYLONIAN
OF
SKETCH
ASSYRIAN
of Ashur-nasir-pal,
king
inscription
it is said
Calah
that
Assyria,about
of
B.C.
of
Assyria,about
by Shalmaneser
founded
was
1300.
Calah,
13
HISTORY.
Nimrud,
or
885,
B.C.
I.,king
is about
The
place is called
twenty miles to the south of Nineveh.
built by
Nimroud
by the natives, as they believe that it was
"
of the generals of Nimrod, the
mighty hunter."
one
At
Nimriid
the
remains
of
the
palaces
found, viz.,of Ashur-nassir-pal
were
of
three
kings
(north-west palace,plan
(centralpalace,letter B),and of
Esarhaddon
(south-westpalace,letter C). At D the remains
also discovered.
of a building,
and at E a vaulted chamber, were
letter
A), of
II.
Shalmaneser
A.
N.W.
B.
Central
0. S.W.
To
of the north-west
the north
of the
war-god
*
Adar
(F), Avas
See Nimroud
Central
Palace.
Palace.
D.
Buildingsand
E.
Vaulted
F.
Temple
palace,the
found
Palace.
Chamber.
of Adar.
site of the
the monolith
Saloon, No. 110.
tombs.
temple
stele
of
14
AND
BABYLONIAN
discovered
far from this were

and dedicated
ANTIQUITIES.
of Assyria
king
Shamshi-Rammanu,
very
ASSYRIAN
the
(B.C.825-812), and
the two
Nebo *
statues
which
not
were
god
by Rammanu-nirari
III.,king
Assyria (B.C.812-783).
show
of the old city walls
that Calah, or
The
remains
stood
a
Nimrud,
piece of ground measuring about
upon
7,000 feet by 5,500 feet.f
made
to
of
After
the
have
to
ceased
to
I. (B.C.1300) it appears
royal residence, until the time of
Shalmaneser
of
time
be
Ashur-nasir-pal(b,c. 885). The reigns of the kings of the

lived at Nimrud
second
a
cover
Assyrian empire who
220
of
period
nearly
years (B.C.885-668).
of
Sir Henry Layard's researches
The
next
scene
lay at
Kouyunjik.
properly Koyunjik, is the Turkish name
Kouyunjik, more
of mounds,
ference,
nearly 9,000 feet in circumgiven to a group
of
the east bank
the river Tigris,just
situated
on
of
Mosul.
modern
It was
town
opposite to the
formerly
called
Armiishivyeh.
the
alter
name
of
an
Arab
chief; its
reference to
Koyunjuk, appears to have some
feed upon
it. From
the number
of sheep which
very early
mounds
has
to
the
of pari
tradition
the
site
as
pointed
lays
and the ancient legend that
of the great city of Nineveh;
buried under
the mosque
which
the Prophet Jonah
was
now
called
this
mound
to
stands on
another
day Nebi Yuims
this
view.
Inscriptions
(i.e.,
"Prophet Jonah"; supported
this
site
that
the
which have been found
on
place was
prove
The
ancient
called Ninua, or Nineveh.
of
Ninua, or
city
of the Tigris,was
sected
interNineveh, built on the eastern bank
ruins of its ancient walls
The
by the river Khosr.
moai are still visible, and indicate the size of the greater
"and
modern
name,
"
city,which appears to have measured

feet.
According to Genesis x., 11,J Nineveh
As
to the meaning oi' the came
by Asshur.
the
part of
15,000
bv
7,000
was
there
founded
doubt.
is some
mounds
The
al Kouyunjik were
formerlythought to be
and
the Oral person
of a Roman
the remains
in the
camp,
of
presenlcentury who undertook
anj careful examination
Mi'. .1. Rich,who, is L820, obtained seme
them
was
fragments
tablets
inscribed with cuneiform
of pottery and a few
"
Bm
ENmroud
Central BeJ
their |
i, floe,60, To.
the iouth"weel
I'lirkiogilimit
:
'hit
ii. r
uii
uf tlmt
11
in-
Imiil
\m
1"
"
11
nt
1" !.
"
.."
forth
oorner
of tin's ipaoe, Mid
Nebo, oconpiedabont 2,200 feet bj 1,200 feet

A
"
liur
inid
ImuIiIiiI .Nuii'M-h."
OF
SKETCH
characters.*
a
He
had
Palace
B. Palace
C. Palaces
Several
Miss
of Mr.
in
HISTORY.
15
regardingKonyunjik as
As already stated, the
of Sennacherib.
of
Ashur-bani-pal.
of Sennacherib
Rich's
tablets
Hay Erskine, and

presentedthem to the British
to
hesitation
no
site of Nineveh.
part of the ancient
A.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
the
his
son
after his
were,
latter
Museum
and
lady
on
gave
Esarhaddon.
death, given by Mrs. Ricli

to Miss
Holmes, who
them
April 6, 1895.
16
first excavations
have
de
the
the
are
great discoveries
of the
result
Redcliffe,K.G., G.C.B..
and
which
excavations
afterwards
in 1 845.
of the British Museum
Trustees
Botta, the
M.
by
Henry Layard, first for the late Viscount
Sir
by
in 1842
but
made
been
since
undertaken
Stratford
Mosul
at
ANTIQUITIES.
undertaken
"were
Consul
French
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
They
for the
continued
were
Mr. Loftus, Mr. Rassam, and others,under the direction of

Consul-General
the late Sir Henry Rawlinson, when
and
by
Political
Bagdad.
Nebi
of Kouyunjik and
of three Assyrian kings
Agent
at
In the mounds
of the
palaces
his
of
built
libraryclose to the north bank of the

Esarhaddon
enlarged and completed a palace
great palace and
river Khosr;
his father
which
of the
Khosr.
Sennacherib
Sennacherib
appears
on
have
to
had
begun
for
built another
and
another
Ashur-bani-pal built yet

the
north
been
the
first
Kalat
which
town
Ashur,
where
has
the
of
names
been
built
north
who
made
his
tion
expedi-
of
ruins
first
and
Sherkat
name
the
near
the
of
Sennacherib
Kalat
to
and
by;
of that
from
return
bank
the
of the
kingdom
of
modern
old
city
Assyria.
objectsinscribed with
early Assyriankings, Shamshi-Rainmanu
slabs
and
close
Khosr.
is the
metropolisof the
found
were
Sherkat
south
Assyrian king
Khan.
Sherif
the
the
of
the
on
himself
to
royal residence, after his

to Egypt.
also extended
Operations were
Nineveh
of
viz.,of
(B.C.681-068),
Sennacherib
(B.C. 668-626).
Ashur-bani-pal
remains
the
found,
were
of Esarhaddon
(B.C. 705-681),*
Sennacherib
and
Yunus
other
the
and
I.,about B.C. 1325 :

Pudiilu, about B.C. 1350 ; Rammanu-nirari
Shalmaneser
I.,about B.C. 1300; and the famous
inscriptions
baked
upon
clay cylinderswhich
1100.
I., B.C.
reign of Tiglath-Pileser
the Babylonian
ami
Sherif
Khfin
is situated
are
(See
situated
sixty
few
in
the right or west

of Nineveh.
en
south
milts
miles
Table-case
the
Upper Floor.) The
of the
Assyrian room
ruins of the eity of Ashur

of the Tigris, about
bank
historyof
the
record
t""
the north-west
of
the site of the ancient

Nineveh, and marks
city called in the
Tarbis.
cuneiform inscriptions
also excavated
the
In the year L864 Sir Henry Rawlinson
site of the Tower
\\\r traditional
of
mouml.
NimrUd
Birs
Babel, which Stood at the

by the ancient Babylon.
and
li"-. ftboul seventy
proved,from the
S.W.
of the
corner
It is situated
miles
BOUth
found
inscriptions
of
on
covered
area
the
Bagdad.
Euphrates,
Sir
there, thai the
Henry
building.
J8
BABYLONIAN
ot the British Museum
Mr.
appointed
excavation.
Abu
ancient
Cuthaf),
Tell-Balawat,
son,
Shalmaneser
of Mr.
the
of
in 1874
and
behalf
1870
Sargon.
p.
the
Here
the
stood
they originally
leg with
colossal
two
and
group
was
The
record the name
ami
describe
in 1849.
his
and
were
an
have
Museum
other
antiquities,
of the
prietors
pro-
other
of Dr. E. A. W.
sions
occa-
in
Budge
this
transept is the
Khorsabad
of the
founder
are:
Assyrian dynasty,
"
in dimensions
hulls, corresponding
at Paris,placed as
in the Louvre
pair now
the
at
last
the
from
12), containing monuments
ot"
entrance
chamber,
beside
and
The
mythologicalcharacter.
added
to increase
providedwas
figuresof
creature
symmetricalappearance when
entire
British
tablets and
those
of
each
which
of the
human-headed
colossal
are
continued
were
TRANSEPT.
side
and style with

these
and
1891.
722-705.
1. Two
his
Ashur-nasir-paland
88.5-839
of cuneiform
compartment (see
B.C.
most
1883.
Eastern
palaceof
to the
(Borsippa), Kouyunjik,
of
B.C.
ASSYRIAN
the
renew
George Smith, at the expense

in 1873, and on
Daily TelegrapJt,
1887, 1888, and
On
the Porte, and

the work
ot
Assyrian
Nimrad
II.,about
the store
to
and
residence
expeditionson
those
as
Birs
the
to the year
added
to
from
operationsextended
Babylonian
and
Other
farnian
cities,including
'of
the Bible), Hillah
(the Sepharvaim
(?)*
of
boundaries
ancient Babylon), Tell-Ibrahim
(within the
down
ANTIQUITIES.
Rassam
Rassam's
of the
Habbah
(the
obtained
Hormuzd
Mr.
important
ASSYRIAN
AND
LS
viewed
from
front
the
or
side.
tilth
its
'This
Khorsabad
by Sir II. 0. Rawlinson
cuneiform inscriptions
under the bodies of the bulla
and titles of SargOn,king of Assyria,
B.O. 722-70;"),
obtained
from
his buildingoperations
"c,
at Dur-Sargina,
briefly
and
wars
colossal
These
conquests.
composite
creatines
and they were

set
believed to represenl supernatural
beiugs,
the
of
of
evil
to
entrance
the
doors
spirits.
palaces prevent
by
[Nos. .ski, si
2.
Slahs
of the
colossal
from
hulls, Inscribed in
cuneiform
i,
889, 840.]
with
accounts
Prom Kouyunjik.
campaign of Sennacherib againslJudea.
[Nos. 817, 811),821, 823.]
Kink'* xix
"
'J
2 ]
18 |
I-
a'
80.
i
"
wwii., 18,
GUIDE
19
TRANSEPT.
ASSYRIAN7
THE
TO
Sargon, king-of Assyria, conferring with his officials;the

[Nos. 824 and 825.]
king-holds a staff in his righthand.
3.
of eunuchs
4. Heads
officialsof the
and other
Assyrian court.
[Nos.826-829.]
5.
arrow
a
he is
bow, and
Layard
and
other
the
in his
hare
6.
shooting birds in a wood

accompanied by two attendants, one
official
Assyrian
right
obtained
dead
hand.
at
This
Assyrian archer.
8.
Captive carrying skin
doorway
king
to
are
elaborate
trappings
[No. 838.]
from
monuments
Assyria B.C.
(see p. 12).
the
885-860,
The
winged lions,which
[Nos. 801)
most
at
the
top, with
flanked
and
841.]
figureof the
ensure
Assyrian gods in relief ; these emblems

the protection of the divine powers
which
the sides and back is an inscription
recording
important conquests
of
Ashur-nasir-pal.The
of it stood
before
originally
of Adar
Niuib, the Assyrian war
or
[No. 831.]
of
Calah
stele,rounded
they represented.On
the most
Henry
of certain
emblems
added
were
marble.
dead
"
palace.
Large slab,or
and
Sir
which
tribute.
as
king
of colossal human-headed
in the
slab
with
contains
compartment
of these
1. Pair
2.
horses
of wine
of Ashur-nasir-pal,
ancient
the
Nimrud,
remarkable
carries
[No. 837.]
palace
at
whom
of
and
[No. 830.]
7.
Western
only
it is in black
leading two
bow
his shoulders,and
on
is the
Khorsabad;
Assyrian groom
head-gear.
The
gazelle
with
the stele at
the entrance
god.
altar in front
of the
[Nos. 847
temple
and
848.]
Kouyunjik (Niuereh).
of
Ashur-nasir-palset up at
sculptured in very low relief with battle scenes
of events
which
took
and
representations
place in the life of this
of
the
the
is
short inscription.The
a
on
pyramidion
steps
king;
somewhat
famous
the
obelisk
resembles
Black Obelisk (see p. 24)
of Shalmaneser
II.,but it has no long historical inscriptionon the
3. Obelisk
The
sides
four
four
arc
sides at the base.
[No. 02.]
sculpturedwith
the
of the
figureof
divine attendant.
Across
is
w
hich
found
inscription
on
usually
such
the
as
Standard
slabs, and is commonly known
Inscription
of Ashur-nasir-pal"
of this king's principal
; it contains a summary
4. Slab
the body
runs
the text
"
[No. 804.]
conquests.
5. Shib
sculptured with
the ceremony
engle-headed, winged figure performing

the date palm.
fertilizing
[No. 865.]
an
the walls are

fragments of Persian
casts of reliefs at Persepolis.]
[Affixedto
and
of
sculptures
c
20
AND
BABYLONIAN
ASSYRIAN
NIMROUD
This
GALLERY.
contains
room
slabs
the Eastern
on
side
mound
of
at
those
of
temple
the
of
Eastern
the
Adar,
side
war
(see p. 24).
palace of
of the
found
were
tinued
con-
in the
885-860,
and
plan); a few
12
p.
are
part of those
Galleryand
Assyria, B.C.
(Calah) (see
the
Saloon
in the ruins
found
were
Nimrud
on
side of the
king
Ashur-nasir-pal,
Central
(or Nimrud)
the Western
on
sculptureswhich
series of
in the Nimroud
The
ANTIQUITIES.
in
small
the
god
of
the
Assyrians,close
side
are
ally
arranged as they origin-
to
palace.
The
slabs
stood
the Western
on
in the
palace.
Four-winged figureof
No.
1.
No.
The
sculptureswhich
divine attendant
bearing a
mace.
representationsof the performance of religious

with
the ceremony
of fertilizing
date palm.
rites in connexion
a
small figurewithin
The
a winged
circle,holding a ring,above the
Ashur
in a modified form
it
in
the
king, represents
god
;
reappears
it becomes
of the battle scenes,
where
the protecting spirit
some
of
the
the
watching over
king.
person
contains
in
pal's successes
follow
and
war
Ashur-nasir-
represent
scene
chase, as
"
bull hunt.
No. 3a.
No.
36.
King pouring
No.
Aa.
No.
4b.
King pouring
No.
5a.
Siege of
No. 6a.
this
in the
out
libation
over
dead
bull.
out
libation
over
dead
lion.
lion hunt.
city.
Fugitivesswimming
on
inflated skins
across
river to
fort.
Nos.
hb and
No8.
7a-10a.
10A
Gb.
Receivingprisoners and spoil.

Battle and
of tin- host over
passage
The
capitulationof
original
spoil. The
-\'M".
and
prisoners
in y
Laya
drawing, from which
rd did
.-ir Hi
not
attempt
the
to
city and
of
\'2b
remove
which
painting
king receiving
the
was
so
it, hut
fills the
river.
that
broken
made
vacant
careful
space
is
copied.
No.
ll'/.
[2a
The
I-"-".
battle Outside
Not.
return
fftwn battle,
the cookingof food, "c.
Countingthe
heads of the
city.
Siege of
:i
city.
slain;return of chariots ;
GUIDE
No.
and
lC"a,1
TO
king and
The
2.
21
GALLERY.
NIMROUD
THE
passing through the
his army
mountains.
No.
The
166.
of the
horsemen
in
enemy
Assyrian
flightbefore
chariots.
Round
the
Northern
sides
Eastern
and
slabs,generallyrepresentingcolossal
Nos.
and
17
similar
Male
18.
at the
pair are
other
19.
Foreigners bringing tribute.
No.
20.
Figure of Ashur-nasir-pal.
and
spirits
dress
Nos.
and
been
have
Nos.
are
figures.
A
his attendants.
of the
Parts
his protecting
figuresand of their
coloured.
King performing ceremonies
24-2G.
pouring
room
slabs,representingthe king, with
Three
21-23.
the
winged figures bearing offerings.

end of the Gallery.
No.
Nos.
of
out
27-30
his bow
with
and
arrow,
libation.
the small
from
are
Nos.
of Adar.
temple
27 and
28
on
as
originally,
here, at right angles to each other, No. 27 being
the external wall of the building,and Nos. 28 and 29 on the side
of
*tood
doorway
doorway was
wall (No. 32)
or
Nos. 28
and
Bel and
the
of the
as
of
one
the chambers.
similar
29
the
On
which
by Sir
the
oppositeside
slab
who
Tiamat,
monster
a
hatred
god Marduk
champion, and
after
the
although she
for them
(Merodach)
and
made
chosen
was
the
external
god Marduk,
the mother
was
plan to destroy
by his fellow gods
fierce conflict with
on
of the
Layard.
H.
represent the conflict between
The
their
of
group,
removed
alone
was
conceived
gods,
them.
to
Tiamat
he
ceeded
suc-
slaying her ; he cleft her body in twain, and from the

The account
and
the earth.
of
the heavens
halves he formed
two
of the Fourth
Tablet of the
the battle forms the subject matter
slabs have
These
been
Series." (See p. 36.)
great " Creation
in
fire.
damaged by
Nos.
30, 33,
No. 35.
34.
Fish
eagle-headeddeities.
and
four-winged figure,holding
necklace,perhaps the
goddess Ishtar of Nineveh.

Nos.
37 and
in connexion
of ceremonies
Nos.
No.
39 and
41.
Containing representationsof
38.
figureof
Winged
Along
the middle
1. Part
of
in which
relief,
during
the
broken
are
the fertilization of the
with
performance
palm tree.
king with eagle-headed deities.
The
40.
the
of
divine
the
obelisk
room
of
depicted the
reign of this
king.
attendant.
are
"
with
Ashur-nasir-pal,
receiptof tribute and
scenes
other
in low
events
[No. 42.]
22
BABYLONIAN
Table-Case
AND
A.
ANTIQUITIES.
ASSYRIAN
the iron and
bronze
objects
objects of special
interest are :
Lock-plate (No. 5), two reaping- hooks
(Nos. 7
and
8), spear heads (Nos. 6 and 10), rings and staples(No. 14),
of
axe-heads
heads
(No. 21), arrow
(Nos. 33-37), and a group
the bronze
Among
objects in this
ringer rings (?) (Nos. 29-32).
be noted:
of bells of various shapes and
A collection
case
may
sizes (Nos. 42-62), top of a staff (No. 63),feet of a throne in the
form of a lion's feet (Nos. 65, 66), foot of a throne in the form of a
bull's hoof (No. 77), portions of a clip with
of enamel
traces
of the
of a lotus (No. 90) heads
(No. 84), object in the form
demon
of
of the South-West
Wind
and
head
96
a copper
(Nos.
97),
bolt driven into iron (No. 104),calf's head (No. 105),dagger, sickle,
head and sword
sheath
(Nos. 113-116), buckle (No. 121),
spear
votive tablet inscribed
with figuresof two
deities,before whom
stand
and
Nebo
text
to
a
priests,
by Ashur-ritsua
dedicatory
(No. 130), axe-head (No. 133),wine strainer (No. 134),and a large
axe-head
(No. 135).
2.
which
found
were
selection
from
Nimrud.
at
the iron
Of
"
"
3. Table-Case
found
were
and
at
B.
from
selection
Nimrud.
Of
objects which
bronze
the
interest
f-pecial
are
Mirrors
"
(Nos.
plated(No. 15),ladles (Nos. 25-27), twopronged

(No. 28),lamp (No. 31),large staples(Nos. 30 and 37),
handles of caldrons
(No. 42), bowl containing bones of the human
hand
the outside (No. 44),
with plaitedornament
vessel
on
(No. 40),
funnel (No. 47),handle of casket (No. 48),bowl of line bronze
(No.
50).
1 0),sceptre
head,
silver
fork
4. Table-Case
the
flat,bronze bowls ornamented

on
in
i
n
designs engraved or
relief, which are ri presented
and
other
animals,
geometrical
mythical
patterns,
figuresof
"c.
These
C.
insides with
bowls
the
are
of them
exhibit
many
and artistic execution.
of the artists have
howls
are
are
5. Statue
of
pedestaL
the
name,
not
extant
temple
of
Limestone
that
later date
than
(See
Egyptiandesign
of them
some
than the
about
n.c.
names
eight lines
the
in
These
700.
its
stone
originallime-
thebreasl
on
This
king.
the round.
is
Prom
I.)
altar dedicated
the
large sculpturesIn this
standingupon
royal statue
Plate
of
of
in Phoenician letters.
inscribed
genealogyof
for
thank-offering
kingprayi
edges
of
inscription
Assvrian
|)erfect
6.
the
found
older
titles, and
Adar.
On
Ashur-nasir-pal,
The
Phoenician artists in metal, and
of
work
the chief characteristics
been
probablyof
Gallery,ami
series of
records
the
only
the small
[No. 89.]
to the
god llel by Ashur-nasir-pal.

preservinghis,life; in the inscriptionthe
bitdays may
he
made
long,and
his
years
increased.
[No. 71.]
Plate
Statue of
Ashur-nasir-pal,
from
kingof Assyria,
No. 89.]
[Nimroud Gallery,
is.c.
885 to
B.C.
(See page
860.
22-
I.
24
Memorial
11.
885
to
raised
Assur-nasir-pal,
king of Assyria, from B.C.
figureof the king in low relief ; his right hand is
of
stone
860, with
Sin, i^hamash, Kamman,

the
cities, and
The
etc.
countries,
of
and
the
gods Ashur,
sides of the
both
inscription
on
titles of the king, and

he
peoples which
and
name
the emblems
of
adoration
apparentlyin
srele records
ANTIQUITIES.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
gives a list of the

conquered. From
Kurkh.
\_Onthe
Assyrian
western
side
Saloon.
The
this
Gallery is
exhibited
antiquities
of
leadingto
door
therein
the
described
are
below,pp. 27-31.]
NIMROUD
CENTRAL
In this hall is
excavated
were
SALOON.
of
arranged part
series of
in different parts of the
sculptureswhich
mound
at
Nimrud
(Calah).
and
name
from
lo
with
inscribed
recording the
nasir-pal, king of Assyria,
conquests of Ashur-
titles and
885
b.c.
bull
man-headed
Winged
1.
B.C.
From
800.
text
the north-west
palace
of
Nimrud.
[No. 76.]
2.
names
from
man-headed
Winged
titles and
and
885
b.c.
3. Black
to
basalt
-l."" Lit. about
Ashur, the
b.c.
most
lion
conquests
From
8C0.
seated
recordingthe
text
Ashur-naîr-pal,
king of Assyria,
the noith-west
palace of Nimrud.
[No. 77.]
of
figureof
Shalmaneser
II. found
of Xinn
at Kalat
6d, on
cityof
of Assyria. The
inscriptionon the
capital
the king'snome
and
places; it enumerates
fortymiles south
ancient
inscribed with
the
site of the
throne is obliterated in
of bis conquests in Babylonia (Accadand
titles,gives a summary
[No. B 19. ]
Kaldu), and refers to the setting up of his statue.
II.
alabaster monolith which was
set ap l"yShalmaneser
It is commonly
(it.i. 860-825) in the central building at Nimrud.
sides with
is
and
the
called the "Black
inscribed
tour
Obelisk,"
on
""f the expeditions
undertaken
.("cunt
by Shalmaneser during
with
and
the thirty-one
the
scenes
representing
years ox his reign,
had
the
""f
On
be
whom
tribute
the
conquered.
kings
paying
by
small
obelisk
four sides of the
there are In all twenty
which
reliefs,
each series containing
four porto be divided into five series,
tions
4. Black
of
country
Btj
i"
and
scene
in which
represented
-o
monolith. The
Pavmenl
OS]
scent
the
Thus
COnd
each
i are
of tribute
"|"|m
the
on
begUS
follows:
by Sua
i,
relief
relief
seiies
ss
the t rihute
pavilion! of
horses
at
each
on
the
top
side
the
of
of
aeeitain
each
tonus
west
side
side
another
of
the
"
of Gilzani,who
and
droiuedarii
broughtsilver,
s.
II.
Plate
I'.lackObcliik,"iiwriU-d
"
from
Assyria,
and among
[Nin 1
" itlian
account
B.C.
860 to
the
vanquishedpriDCMis
No.
B.c
$8.]
825.
of the
Of Shahnam
CWqulgfli
illustrate
KaJptU
The
"
Jehu, the sou
the text,
Omu.
(Lepage
25)
QUIDE
XIMROUD
by
of tribute
(2) Payment
(Jehu), the
Yaua
and
who
other
(8) Payment of the tribute of the

buffaloes, elephants,
dromedaries,
apes,
25
SALOON.
CEX1KAL
brought silver,gold,load,
vessels of gold.
(Omri\"
and
THK
TO
land
and
of Khumri
son
dishes,cups,
bowls,
oi
of
Ifnsri,
consisting
animals.
other
of (he land
by tfarduk-patasrar,
oi tribute
Sukhn,
gold, vessels of gold, ivory,coloured apparel,
The
and Btnffen garments.
relief in which a mountain
Purest with
(4) Payment
brought
who
is representedwas
horned animal
the nature of the county i f sukhu.
of the tribute
(5) Payment
who
Patin.
brought
LVOry, and
of wood
largehistorical
and
base
the
oi
of
chariots
and
obelisk,
Kings
learn
xix.. 15.
sei
Niinrud,
text,
the
lla/.aol. 1
this
of
king
sculptures,found
mentioned
Syria."
(See
(see p. 5).
*J -^"HF" ""Hf--
British
in the
we
during tho
Jehu
from
Plate
in
Museum
II.)
central
Palace
at
oi
evacuation
"
"
"
"
w..
Bible
the
oi
however,
a
city, military operations
The
siege, the impalingof prisoners."C
tions
inscripthe victories of Tiglath-Pileser III.,the
"."i
Pul
:". who
The
Pul
of
reigned from B.O. 745 to 727.
in
the
oi
the king mentioned
kings
Babylonian list
with
record
Kings
wall
made
is
portion oi the
paper squeeze
II. received tribute
illustrating the
connected
oi
BS
whatever
in the
dition against Hazael

."". A
all four sides of the
round
Shalmaneser
that
oi
Hazael
Prom
copper,
[No. 98.]
mention
the
of
country
bl oi
urkannu.
runs
no
In
\ OW
the
tho
eighteenthyear of the reign of

843),it is stated that he captured 1121
horses
and
the whole
of "lit
camp
l7i" battle
Kha-;a-'ilu*
which
Omri."
Pamaseus."
oi
king
called
text
Jehu,
son
which describes the events
II. ("".,
Shalmaneser
u.c.
the
"
by Gkurparunda,of
silvor, gold, lead, OOpj
kind
rare
In the
top
probablyadded
show
to
silver,
hunting
lion
of
is
'
under
the form
Large
(".
thi" conllict
iums
Stele
7.
king
bowl
stone
of
(seep.
y ""*-Ygf(seep. 18"
Pu-iti
the
on
which
mythical
is
in
sculptured
fcbani and
oi Shalmaneser
in relief; above
records
inscription
the
him
are
[Xos.80-95.]
relief
oi
scene
liilgameshwith
[No. 61].
II. (n.c. 860-825),with a figure of tl e

of the Assyrian gods. The
emblems
titles,ami
genealogy of the king, and

length
military expeditions. It is interesting
that in an
to
note
took place in his sixth year
expeditionwhich
Shalmaneser
8.""1).
attacked
Irkhuleni.
(B.C.
king of Hamath. who
describee
with
the
at
his
number
of allies had
allies is mentioned
ttf ^-
the Ahab
i.e.,
name,
some
rebelled against his authority.

of the
land
of Israel,"
"Ahab
3frVf|!
-^-H^tT
oi
Kings
Tt It 4-4Is"S*4"
xvi..-j'.".etc.
Among
1
TJ
TL
("'""")Sir-ln-ai\
Shalmaneser
defeated
the
26
stele
found
was
Tigris,about
8. Stele
the
south
II.,b.c.
relief.
inscription
king- in
genealogy of
and
titles,
name,
(son of Shalmaneser
the
figure of
right bank of the

[No. 88.]
the
on
of Diarbekir.
Sbamshi-Rammanu
This
of their warriors.
place situated
miles
twenty
of
825-812), with
records
Kurkh,
at
ANTIQUITIES.
thousand
fourteen
slew
and
Syrian alliance
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
The
king, the
the
sion
suppres-
instigatedby his brother Ashur-danin-pal,and

the
describes
during his reign.
military expeditions undertaken
in archaic
The
is written
characters, probably with a view to
text
of
revolt
effect.
decorative
their
stele
The
in the
found
was
south-west
[No. 110.]
palace,Nimrud.
9. Torso
of
Found
1080.
b.c.
figureinscribed
female
at
and a brief
nasir-pal,
small temple of Adar
from
of
evacuation
removed
the
from
Assyria,B.C.
an
king
of
the name,
Assyria, about
the
and
name
titles
Ashur-
of
the
From
principalconquests.
his
[No. 90.]
at Nimrud.
sculptures of Tiglath-Pileser III.,

which
represent the
palace at Nimrud,
of
group
south-west
the
of
[No. 84!).]
with
account
small
11.
with
back
Kouyunjik.
Colossal lion inscribed
10.
the
on
Ashur-bel-kala,
of
genealogy
and
titles,
wall
have
been
to
They appear
city of Azkuttu.
old palace and
king of
placed by Esarhaddon,
he built
which
in that
G81-GG8.
Nimrud.
at
[Nos.G4-67.]
12.
ruins
13.
Head
of
of the
same
of
Tiglath-Pileser I.,b.c
1100,
tributarypeoples.
In
the
obelisk
to record
the obelisk
side of
represented receiving
from
[No. 68.]
broken
is
homage
Above
and
Two
hunting expeditions.
the king is
relief, in which
the chief men
of
the
on
temple
Adar
of
that
of the
i-iluma,governor
the
king.
king for
the
use
statues
of
Calah
II. Uassam
Mr.
tions
inscrip-
the
from
Nimrud.
at
these
city
by
excavated
god Nebo
learn
we
gods, and
certain
to
certain
[No. 03.]
of the
bodies
of
bands towards
in the chase.
statues
by
On
emblems
forth
ruins of the
in the
Kouyunjik
at
up
two
of Asian- reach
which
of these is a bow
the god l resents
in battle
14.
of
the
are
set
his
small
tin' emblem
one
in the
excavated
was
palace.
Upper part
the south
which
bull
human-headed
made
were
by
(Nimrud),and
Kelwere
of ensuring a
the view
long life to
dedicated to
god
SainmuIII., B.C. 812 788, and to the queen
kin-- l.'ammaiiu-niian
of the
""r
A
attributes
himself.
number
sod to
niiuai.
Interesting
with
the
Nebo
words:
and
"
put
eniiineiated
are
"0
not
thou
thy
ihe
of
original
and
Roman
trust
who
in any
the famous
writers.
in
Hhall
the
come
other
queen
with
ends
text, which
alter, put thy trust
-od."
Suniniui
Semiramis
aniaf
mentioned
[Nos.
in
is
the
Nebo,
probably
byGreel
68 and
70.]
TO
GUIDE
ASSYRIAN
THE
FROM
INSCRIPTIONS
Near
are
the
the
pillarson
JERABIS,
side
east
etc.
of the
Central
Saloon
"
series of basalt
I. A
and fragments,from Jerabis,

sculptures
supposed site of
other places,inscribed
of
1. Portion
2. Portion
Karkemish
(see p. 9), and
hieroglyphiccharacter
interestingare
most
which
has
"
building.
of
The
figure.
in
The
called Hittite.
been
ancient
the
the
pemicircular
column, sculptured with
figure is certainly of
later
than
date
the
a
draped
inscription
the column.
upon
3.
27
SALOON.
Fragment, with
7. Cast
of
Presented
8. Basalt
slab
9. Bowl.
10.
lion.
F. D.
by
Salahiyyeh
From
Abu
of Asia
Minor.
figurein relief.
Kabbah.
the
with
near
north
in the
Marash,
basket.
Mocatta, Esq., 1885.
with
From
Monolith
winged figureholding
figure of
Damascus.
Presented
Tell
king in relief. From
by the Palestine Exploration
Fund.
11. A
door
few
sculptures of
in imitation
cut
nails ; from
Jordan.
Gebel
of
in
Hauran,
[Returning to the
Assyrian Saloon.~\
the
Nimroud
period,and
studded
with
door
Bashan,
the east
on
Gallery, the
ASSYRIAN
The
Roman
wooden
stone
iron
side of the
visitor
the
enters
SALOON.
sculpturesarranged
in this
room
belong
to the
of Tiglath-Pileser III.,B.C. 745-727, Sennacherib,

B.C.
his grandson Ashur-bani-pal,
681, and
668-626.
B.C.
reigns
705-
The
discovered
in the
Tiglath-PileserIII. were
ruins of his palace at Nimrud,
those of Sennacherib
and
the ruins of the two
and Ashur-bani-palwere
found
among
of the reign of Ashur-bani-pal
Those
palaces at Nineveh.
the
best
of
belong to
Assyrian art, and are executed
period
with greater faithfulness to nature
and with more
delicacy
of modelling than the bas-reliefs from
Nimrud
the
or
early
sculptures of
from
monuments
The
makes
from
follows
Nineveh.
visitor first passes
the
the
:
"
circuit
further
of
side.
through
the
the
ante-room,
gallery,which
The
he
sculpturesare
and
should
then
enter
arranged
as
28
BABYLONIAN*
Inscriptionrecording
1.
The
745-727.
B.C.
ASSYRIAN
AND
the
ANTIQUITIES.
characters
cuneiform
Tiglath-PileserIII.,
of
conquests
this
en
slab
[No. 016.]
largestknown.
of
2. Assault
of
gods
the
III. and the capture

cityby Tiglath-Pileser
enemy,
the victorious
by
temples of
the
are
Ashur
which
borne
of
the
thrones
their
on
are
being
away
Assyrian soldiers,probably for exhibition in the
and other gods in the city of Calah, or Nineveh.
[No. 863.]
3. Bas-relief
which
on
submission
receivingthe
foot placed on
neck
the
[Belonging to this
p!aced at the north end
A
4.
gods
is
of
of
of Titrlath-Pileser III.,
representation
the enemy.
The
king stands with cne
a
of
series
of
the
slabs
and
of
is
wall
west
wall
one
the
on
which
sculptureson
mythological scenes.
series
[No. 862.]
prostrate foe.
are
(No. 618) which

ground floor.]
is
figuresof Assyrian
and
[Nos. 17, 18, 80
81.]
series of
sculpturesdescribingthe siege,assault and capture

of the strongly fortified city of Lachish
by Sennacherib, king of
slab
No.
2-S
Sennacherib
is seen
seated
On
705-681.
Assyria,B.C.
has been
his throne, which
vines and
set
some
near
on
lig-trees
him
of
outside the city. His officers are
to
the
events
reporting
behind
them
the siege,and
the
representativesof the conquered
kneel
In
the
little in front of the king
stand.
or
a
people
space
read:
four lines of cuneiform
text which
are
Sennacherib, king of
of
his
throne
of
sat
hosts, king
state, and the spoilof
Assyria,
upon
the cityof Lachish
passed before him."
(See Plats III.)
5. A
"
[Nos.21-32.]
6. Figures of soldiers and
7.
long
of
we
series of
lion-hunts
and
dead
bowman,
lions
in thechaseof
lie before
which
musicians
bearing
of
Assnr-baui-pal,
king of
with
Belli bave endowed
bow of Lshtar,the ladyof
them,"
out
i libation over
The
""
on
which
I.
tliree
lines
I ""si
H.-mie
find:"
libation
Cuneiform
text,
king of
four
battle, over
them
(See
88
Plate
58,
above
the
lions.
read:
scene
Ashur
The
1 held, and
with
men
whom
Assyria,
might,slew
over
accompanied by
stringed instruments,and
hosts,
| \ns.
cut
altar; he is
an
represented
arc
Aslni'-bani-pal,
king
specialinterest. Here
Slab No. 1 18 is of
Assyria,s.c. 668-626,
and pouring
see
standing
AsbuNbani-pal
four
20.]
[Xos. 13 and 15.]
sculptured slabs
adventures
and
[Xos. 19
figures of Assyrian soldiers.
8. A
the
captives.
and
powerful
poured
IV.)
"";'"
7 1. lot
114, 1 18, l L9.]
the
ending tin- st.iiis ;in.l passing round
direction at that followed
above, the
room
in the
visitor will
GUIDE
1. A
ASSYRIAN
THE
SALOON.
in Ashur-banisculptured slabs on which scenes

represented, i.e.,the preparation of food, the
of spoil,
etc.
registration
[No. 1-8.]
are
and
Figures of soldiers and musicians.
2.
29
"
of
group
pal's camp
bringing in
TO
[Nos. 9, 12, 14, 16.]
Campaign against Shamash-shum-ukin, king of Babylon, by

his brother
Ashur-bani-pal,king of Assyria. Shamash-shum-ukin
of Babylon to his brother, but
his elevation
owed
to the throne
before he had reigned many
in a
years he joined with the Elamites
and
his
brother's rule,
involved Assyria and Babylonia
revolt against
3.
in
Shamash-shum-ukin
war.
in his
4.
Elam
and
defeated
was
and
burnt
was
to death
[Nos. 89, 95, 97, 99, 100.]
palace.
are
represented the invasion of
Sculptured slabs on which
by Ashur-bani-pal,the capture of an important city there,
the receptionof captives.
[No. 54-62.]
of
Elam.
5. Death
of the
6. Wars
against the Arabians, Egyptians
king
[No. 95.]
and
Babylonians.
[Nos. 83-94.]
7. Attendants
bringing offerings.
slabs
8. Pavement
with
Capture and burning
9.
[No. 96."]
ornamental
of
the
designs.
[Nos. 101
cityof Kbamanu
and
102.]
in Elam.
[No. 120.]
Ashur-bani-pal and his queen seated in a garden drinking
On
of the trees near
attended
one
by musicians.
hangs
the head of Te-umman
(see p. 33).
[No. 121.]
10.
and
wine
11.
Bringing
in
dead
lion from
the desert.
[No. 122.]
and
titles of Sargon, b.c.
Inscriptionrecording the name
and
describing brieflyhis conquests in Elam, Jndah,
722-705,
Lakes
Van
II a math, the region about
and Urnii,and the coast lands
12.
of
the Mediterranean.
the
palace
which
and
hundred
Sargon turned
spoilwhich
13.
he
In it mention
is made
Ashur-nasir-pal had
fifty years
before
Sargon's
the restoration
of
built
at
time
Calah
;
thp.
for the
palace into a storehouse
collected during his campaigns.
when
of
one
finished,
treasures
and
[No. 614.]
Inscriptionrecordingthe conquests of Ashur-nasir-pal,

b.c.
[No. 615.]
885-860.
Inscriptionof Rammanu-nirari
of his
this king records the names
14.
Shalmameser
and
II.,
Ashur-nasir-pal,
Tukulti-Ninib
L,
From
about
Nimrud.
b.c.
1275-1250,
and
III., B.C.
ancestors
traces
to
811-872,
in which
Shamshi-llammanu,
pedigree back to
his
Shalmaneser
L,
b.c.
1300.
[No. 611.]
30
Iii a
at the
case
ASSYRIAN
AND
RABYLOXIAN
of the
end
ANTIQUITIES.
exhibited
are
room
the bronze
which
the gates of the temple built at

ornamented
of Nineveh, by
lies to the south-east
Tell-Balawat, which
his battles and
Shalmaneser
II., B.C. 860-825, to record
bands
They
conquests.
scenes
principal
The
excavated
were
by
presented are
Mr. H. Rassam
in 1879.
"
Expedition against Karkemish.

Recept of tiibute
by
Sangara, king of Karkeinish, and reception of the same
1.
Baxd
from
Shalmaneser.
Band
the
of
Siege of
Assyrians and
2.
Battle between
the soldiers
city of Ararat.
of
the people
Ararat; receipt of tribute by
Shalmaneser.
the
Capture and destruction of the cities of Pargsiand Ada,

spoilingof the city of Karkara ; receiptof spoilby
3.
Baxd
and
capture
Shalmaneser.
Expeditionof Shalmaneser
4.
Baxd
king offering1
up
throws
Assyrian
sacrifice to the
the
into
the
over
army
land
Nairi.
of
gods of the water,
while
of
march
haunches
water
the
to
The
priest
of the
animal;
city of Suguni
some
of the
mountains; capture
processionpf captives.
Reception of the tribute of the ships of Tyre and
Sidou by the kiug ; expedition against the city of Khazazi
; the
of
the
and
o
f
of
the
burning
city
city;
.slaughter prisoner.
capture
5.
Baxd
Baxd
receipt
of
Passage
G.
of tribute
the
Assyrians over
king, from Adini,
the
by
the
and
Euphrates,
of Dakuri, of the
son
city of Enzudi.
Band
the
7.
Capture and
city
are
8.
BAUD
Shalmaneser;
destruction
the heads
Homage
arrival
of the
paid by
of the
to
Ilu-khiti,king of Ruri
vanquished
in
king
district
captain
of
of the Assyrian
of
the
Of
source
Tigris;
the
rock,
and
of
a
or
king
an
image
upon
carving
district
river
where
ihe
of ceremonies in the rocky
the
BOOrCea
BAUD
march
the
'.'.
Siege
of
the
authority of Arame, king

city
iii Antral
BAVO
.ali
10.
camp.
seines
city of
of
in the
Ararat
Arm'-,
;
siege
Assyriancamp,
tribute
Of
Receipt
the
to
by
of
Ararat
in
to
rocky
burning of the
a
district
t he
the
Tigris
near
the
performance
rises.
which
ami
in
host
a
sacrifice;
offering up
capture and
city of Kilisi under the authority of Wizua, king of
glen,and
side
out-
rows.
was
cap:
ure
under
the
of another
etc.
Shalmaneser;
scenes
in
the
He.
Captureof the cityof
Ashtamaku;
capture of a second
which
"f
lrkhuleiii.
of
Walls
king
llamalli, reclines
on
and
directs
the
defence;
of t be princes of
oouob
reception
a
opou
and
of
Hialmane
-ei
Jlamath
procession
prisoners.
by
I*.\m"ii.
the
"
mi
"/
^Wl
1
Pr
*"i|
r-M-*.
9" t
"
TO
GUIDE
Band
of Ararat
captured
impalementof prisoners; cuttingdown

; slaughter and
the bringing in of a huge vessel as spoil.
and
grove,
31
GALLERY.
Expeditionagainst the country
12.
city in flames
a
NINEVEH
THE
of the cities of
siege of the city of Dabigi,one
in his pavilion; reception
Akhuni, king of Til-Barsip; Shalmaneser
of
the
of
aud
of the prisoners
spoil
Til-Barsip.
city
Band
The
13.
the pivots
Below, in the lower part of the Case, are shown
of bronze
bands
of the large gates from
Balawat, and some
smaller pairof gates from the same
from
a
place.
end of the room
is a part of a pavement
At the Northern
palace of Ashur-bani-palat Kouyunjik.
the
from
vestibule
In the
1.
Alabaster
2.
Cast
360.
B.C.
are
"
sarcophagus from
Sidon,
about
300.
B.C.
of the
sarcophagus of Eshmunfizar, king

Presented
of the Louvre.
by the Museum
of
Sidon,
about
Eshmuoftzar
II.,king of Sidon, son of Tabnith,
inscription
his time.
is
He forbids all men
that
he
before
lo
dying
complains
to
; or
open his sarcophagus in search of treasure, for there is none
build
it.
The
a
lso
his
to
another
over
tomb, or
remove
inscription
that he, King Eshnumazar, son
of Tabnith, king of Sidon, and
states
Queen Ammastoreth, his mother, the priestessof Ashtoreth, built
aud
in Sidon ; the
Asvarte
the
temple of
temples of Ashtoreth
In the
of
temple
"
and
of the
3. Cast
Pen-Ptah,
called
En-Yidlal
grove
of Sidon and
of Sidon
borders
by
Baal
that
for
cover
of the
about
b.c.
sarcophagus
400.
Tabnith, king of Sidon, sou

II.,about B.C. 369,
the
He, the
of
of
Eshmunazar
and
an
Egyptian official
unsurped
sarcophaguswas
The
his
I., and
father
of
in Phoeniciam
inscription
the staircase, and

Saloon,enters the Nineveh
visitor ascends
Cent rat
Nimroud
bas-reliefs which
excavated
by
Sir
line the
Henry
fire when
Nineveh
walls
Layard,
Kouyunjik, Nineveh, between

of
p. 16) ; a large number
of
passing through the

Gallery,
.]
GALLERY.
NINEVEH
action
and
the foot of it.
on
[The
The
mountain;
Astarte-shem-Baal.
ever.
Eshmunazar
is cut
in the
of
kings,"bought at great price the most excellent land of

Jop;ia,in the territory of Sharan, and joined it to the
lord of
Dar
sacred
the
Eshmuu;
the
them
was
of
from
years
were
this
the
room
were
mound
of
(see
1845-1854
fractured
destroyed by
by
the
the
allied
32
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
,
of
forces
Medes
Babylonians and
the
about
600.
B.C.
As
far as possiblethe fragments have been laid in their proper

places; no attempt at restoration has been made.
side of the Gallery
The sculptureson the left or Western
the
with
are,
Babylonia and
in
waged
1 is
No.
from
cast
the Nahr-el-Kelb,
In
mutilated.
and
three
the
bearing
which
wars
No.
of
the ancient
highway
king
worship,
the original
The inscription
on
of deities.
the
Egyptian
of
name
to
rock
same
six similar
also
are
Assyrian
hieroglyphicinscriptions,
passed through Syria about
bas-reliefs,with
II.,who
Rameses
[No. 1.]
Assyrian galley with
2.
shields
deck
upper
from
mouth
rock, at the
1300.
b.c.
he
Syria. It represents Esarhaddon,

Egypt
B.C.
681-668,
standing-in an attitude of
Assyria,
emblems
him being"
slabs
in the
Beyrut, in Syria,close
near
period of
countries.
bas-relief cut
above
is much
other
and
between
of
705-681,
B.C.
Sennacherib,
the
No.
1, all of
and illustrate the
of
exception
are
and
ram
fastened
to
banks
two
the
protect
of
oars
on
and
soldiers
the
crew
arrows.
Battle in
Nos. 4-8.
and
marsh,
registrationof prisoners and
spoil.
Nos.
sculptures representing slingers,
of
Fragments
9-14.
archers, etc.
Xos.
from
the return
alammu*
of
...
battle.
No. 25, as situated

archers of the besieging forces
slab
on
portion is lost,representing
upper
series, representing the assault on the city

(Jerusalem?)by the Assyrians. The city is seen
of
Part
Nos. 20-26.
the
scries,of which
15-19.
hill; the
high dome-shaped
on
for the most
part shielded
by
wicker
screens.
Nos.
27-29.
No. 26a.
prisonerswith Jewish
Execution
of
small
representing the cooking
slab
features.
fond
of
in the
jrriati
camp.
Hob.
the
two
sculptureswhich originallylined
Ion--, narrow
Lead,by ;m inclined
a
gallerywhich
the
Sennacherib's
palace
palace to the plain outside
:".";"
43.
walls
plane, from
Part of
series of
of
horses, red by
the slope, are
side,descending
ing
the other, ascending into the palace,are servitors, bearon
grooms;
marshal
which
is
or
food
for a banquet. So, '"'"'"*.
on
seen
here, at a proplaced,
chamberlain, with a staff, was
originally
grounds.
On
the
one
as
ion
SOM, II L3|is "lie,
dried
locUStS. The
in the
wall.
on
and
Othei fruit,
Anion--
the
healing
other
attendants
in each
attendants
hand
carry
or
a
servitors,
represented
rod
with
etc.
"
'Mi.'
begumingof
iliabum
two
rows
of
birds, pomegranates
1i lott"
/""
m
^
"a
.2* "
GUIDE
No. 44.
which
front of
the
of
slab, with
arch-headed
An
are
figure,in
mutilated
small
gods. The lower part

relating to the buildingsof
inscription
of the
emblems
various
contains
slab
33
GALLERY.
NINEVEH
THE
TO
an
Sennaacherib.
slabs numbered
The
the
Gallery,
45-50,
sculpturedfor Ashur-bani-pal,
were
Nos. 45-47, represent
pal
side of
Eastern
B.C.
668-
illustrate his conquest of Elam.
626, and
and
rightor
the
on
battle between
of
king
Te-umman,
Elam,
Ashur-bani-
the forces of
the
on
plain between
the
river
of the
The
successive scenes
city of Shnshan.
the
of
the
with
rout
Elamites;
are
depicted
great spirit:
Urtaku, an Elamite prince,calling,in his despair,on an Assyrian
him (4G); the overturning of the chariot of Tesoldier to behead
falls to the ground wounded
umman
by Ml
(46, top row), who
his
with
his
bow
arrow
father, Te-umman,
;
; Tamritu, defending
of Te-umman
the Assyrianscutting off the head
(47); Assyrian
warriors in a chariot,carryingthe head of Te-umman
to Assyria (45).
The
following are translations of the descriptionsof events in
the
and
Eulaeus
battle
"
the battle
"
(1) Over Urtaku,

*"
"
son-in-law
of
He
killed.
"
'
Come,
"
'
king
cut
my
Te-umman,
commanded
off my
lord that
and
is wounded
who
wounded
was
Assyrian
an
head,
and
." Urtaku, the
surrenders:
by
to
cut
but
arrow
an
off his
not
head, saying,
of the
the presence
show
mercy.'
[No.
it into
carry
"
[the Assyrians]may
47.]
(2) Over
kneels
bow
"
Te-umman
"
"
to
"
"
he
been
is defended
despair said
in
wounded
by
by
Irs
son
his son,
unto
'
an
and
arrow
with a
Tamritu
Shoot with
the
and
Tamritu.
who
are
being slain by Assyrian
in fierce battle,
the
son
hand, and to save
by
in a wood.
their lives they fled and hid themselves
the
With
I
the
and
Ishlar
of
Asliur
seized
help
gods
[Ashur-bani-pal]
of each other.'
them and I cut off their heads in the presence
soldiers
"
ground
Te-umman
had
'bow.'"
Over
"
the
on
"
who
Te-umman,
and
k'
his
king
Te-umman,
eldest
of
Tamritu
Elam,
took
was
wounded
him
"
(4) Over soldiers

Assyria: "The
had cut off in the
in
head
chariot who
of Te-umman,
battle
of] glad tidingsthey
are
in the
carried
king
of
which
Elam,
they
[a symbol
army
Assyria." (See Plat3 V.)
sight of mine
quicklyto
head
carrying Te-umman's
as
!Nos. 48-50.
Reception at Arbela, by Ashur-bani-pal,of two

from
the
king of Armenia, the officers of the
Assyrian king pointingout to them the tortures inflicted on Elamite
prisoners. An officer conducts Ummanigas; nephew of Te-umman,
ambassadors
34
BABYLONIAN
installed
to be
king-of
as
small
ASSYRIAN
El am,
is the
In the distance
homage.
Two
AND
and
ANTIQUITIES.
the
Elamites
out
come
to pay
Madaktu.
city of
the other side of the gallery (Nos.

the journey of Ummau-aldas
II. king of Elam, to
34, 55) show
his
of
and the
Assyria,after
Ashur-baui-pal,
capture by the soldiers
arrival of the Elamite princesin the presence
of the Assyrian king ;
these were
probably incidents of the second war
against Umman-
slabs, placed
on
aldas II.
period of
Nos.
formed
51-56
works
of
which
buildingfrom
this
belong
room
the
to
the
originallypart of a series illustrating
the
construction
of
the
king, including
that
the
On
obtained.
lying on
in
Sennacherib.
architectural
were
bas-reliefs
remaining
The
slabs exhibited
Nos.
is
and
51
52
moved
in this parr, of the gallery

colossal bull
human-beaded
into
positionby ropes and levers.

of a mound
side the construction
one
or
platform is shown, and
the king himself is present to direct the operations. A simillar
mound
No. 53, where
on
captives from the cityof Balada
appears
the
build
to
are
making preparations
gates of the palace. On No.
No.
is another
55
on
54, some
heavy object is being moved;
In the
colossal bull; and on
No. 56 is the king in his chariot.
immediate
background are men
carrying picks,saws, spades, etc.,
laden
and
view
the
with ropes and
and drag carts
of
a
beams;
with
its
rivers
and
is
trees
seen
surrounding country
beyond.
a
sledge
being
On
On
Nos.
is Sennacherib
57-59
and
besieginga city on
his soldiers
by a scene
representing the king in
chariot receivingspoiland captives,who
beheaded
in bis
are
the
bank
his
of
river;
followed
presence.
Along
the
middle
eases, in which
of
exhibited
are
tablets
interestinglibraryexisted in
Assyriafrom
galleryare
the
of
from
a
h.c.
of
some
the Royal
bumble
722
to
Ksaihaddon
b.c.
Library
his
son
grandson
reignof his great-grandson Ashur-bani-pal,
b.c.
B26, many
ohhr
with
works
of
tablets
already
listsof cuneiform
caused
bani-pa]
values,lists of words, vocabularies,
During
its contents.
tin-
thousands
were
in
king
Sennacherib
and
to
and
This
Nineveh.
at
days of Sargon,
705, and
added
valuable
the most
in the
form
table-
placednine
B.O. *"l"8 to
oopiedand
porated
incor-
library. Ashur-
the
signs with
their
phonetic
and,
compiled,
languageto be under-
etc.,to
be
the old Aooadian

standed of the people,be attached to Beveral of the copies
made
he had
fo] the Ko\al
of the Aee.idian
works, which
which
in
was
Library,rersionii in the Assyrian 'tongue,
in order
to make
Common
Die
at
the time.
This
great
king
sent,
scribes
ii\
GUIDE
TO
THE
35
GALLERY.
NIXEVEH
cities of
libraries
Babylonia and Assyria where
and important works for him,
existed, to make copiesof rare
his collection was
and, when
complete,it is tolerablycertain
of learningand
that it comprised works upon
every branch
science known
of his day. Almost
to the wise
men
every
it the
tablet of importance In the Royal Library bore upon
words:
of
"The
following
palace
Ashur-bani-pal,
king of
hosts, king of Assyria,who puttethhis trust in the gods
the ancient
"
"
"
"
and
Ashur
bestowed
Belit, on
whom
which
hear
ears
"
inscribed
"
the scribe, Avhich

had learned,
me
"
tablets
upon
and
the
Tashmetu
and
eyes
which
have
I have
see.
products of
kings who have
noble
of the
none
the
of
work
before
gone
of Nabii in so
togetherwith the wisdom
[in writing]. I have arranged them in
revised them and I have placed them in my
it existeth
"
far
"
classes,I have
that I, even
palace,
"
Nabii
as
the
I, the ruler who
of the
king
knoweth
read them.
gods, may
the
lightof
Whosoever
"
Ashur
"
shall carry off this tablet, or shall inscribe his name

upon
and
it side by side with mine own,
Ashur
Belit
overmay
"
"
'*
in wrath
him
throw
and
name
The
exhibited
tablets
built
site of the
the
they destroyhis
may
land."
in this
Hat low
on
and
anger,
palaces,which
the ruins of the
Empire
and
posterityin the
hill
gallerywere
the
kings of
now
called
central
found
the last
among
Assyrian
Kouyunjik, which
the great city of
portion of
town
of
Nineveh, and stands nearlyoppositeto the modern
this place over
From
Mosul.
twenty-thousand tablets and
fragments have been excavated during the last fiftyyears,
marks
and
praservedin
are
made
of
light
clay
the
when
brown
in
baked
the
steam
the
of
surface
Nineveh
classified and
at
rounded
or
convex,
The
tablets
also labelled
and
9.
The
of
were
for
on
were
ivory,and
or
are-
afterwards
were
made
in
allow the
It is quite
baking.
arranged in the Royal Library
it is probablethat
they were
process
The
shelves.
and
of
back
of each
tablet is
this would
preclude the possibility

series being piled one
the other.
a
upon
but were
not
only grouped into classes,
specimens of such labels see Case I.,Nos. 8
various
recognizedfrom
the
and
order,
laid
tablets
number
of small holes were
larger tablets at intervals,to
tablets
in
of the tablets
wood, metal
during
to escape
certain that the
The
oven.
an
British Museum.
reddish clay; they were

or
inscribed,
still moist, with
three-sided
blunt
a
was
of
instrument made
the
their
classes
shape
of
and
tablets
appearance
may
:
be
thus
at
once
incantad
3(5
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLOXIA.N
ANTIQUITIES.
of reference
purposes
in several
columns,
reports, etc.,
of
clay,well
on
his person.
inscribed
were
while
large
on
for
tablets often
astrological
pillow-likepieces
letters, contracts,
inscribed
were
written
all works
tions,grammatical texts, legends,and
small
upon
suited for the merchant
to
messenger
or
carry
principaltablets exhibited in this

case
belong to series which give the Assyrian account of the
Creation, the Flood, and other earlyevents of Bible history
Table-Case
Nos.
"'
in
Tablet
of
parts
"
series which
the
called in
was
of the
the earth
describes
series
not, when
was
the time
there
when
were
the
The
heave'is
plants,and
no
Assyrian
e-lish,and
height," c^ +j~ fc|t^} *|" e-nu-ma

of the various
events
days of Creation.
the
the
describes
and
form
1-19
When
of Genesis
in the Book
recorded
as
The
A.
F"st
were
not
before
the
and when
the source
the water-deep was
being1,
male
and
female
of the
The
deities
origin
things.
called
their
and
were
Apsu
Tiamat;
primaeval watery mass
Lakhmu
and
and
children
called
their children
were
Lakhamu,
grand-
gods
had
into
come
of
and
all
and
Anshar
their great-grand-children were

Tablet
great gcds. The Second
Kishar,
creation
and
other
the
and
Ann.
Bel, Ea
the
describes
of
brood
placed them under

war
against the gods, her
wage
jealous. This plot becomes
the
Gaga
messenger
Lakhamu
the means
mentions
where
his
of
which
their
"they
the
successful
Mardnk
war
armed
gods
meeting
made
took
of
champion
which
to
in council
ready for
they drank
they ate bread,and

records the election
as
Bible),
Tiamat.
ancestor
the
Kingu,
father
the
of
the
and
who
Third
the
Tablet
to
become
sends
Lakhmu
mother
The
had
she
Anshar.
defeat
them
intended
whom
and
his
and
describes
of
Tiamat,and
at a place called Upshukkinaku,
sat
feast, mid
at the
banquet;
sesame-wine."
Mardnk, -"Jf-^^^f
of
by Tiamat, who
monsters
progeny,
known
to
his
inform
to
of
leadershipof
gods, and
wiles
The
Fourth
(theMerodach
supplies the
Tablet
of the
details of
the
their behalf againstTiamat.

on
which
the gods
invincible power
him, and, mounting his fotuvhorsed chariot, be
himself
he
waged
with
the
had bestowed
upon
He spread out his net to catch her.
advanced against the monster.
he
down
in- drove (he winds, which
had gatheredtogether,
her
seized
the
he
a
nd
and
her
carcase.
throat,
piercedthrough
spear
into her heart, lie cut
Me
ber bowels to pieces,
drove the weapon
he vanquished
her,In- c.il oil' her life lie .splither like a flatfish
of these halves
he made
halves." Prom one
into two
the covering
the firmament,Md from the other he seems
for the heavens.
/./".,
to
have
deals
formed the earth. The Fifth
Tablet
wilh the creation
lli" stalilishing
of the year, which
divided
into
Of I
was
""
"
H
H
"
38
BABYLONIAN
calamity
Jshtar's
AND
reported
was
the
Papsukal, and
ASSYRIAN
he sent
I'ddushu-namir, whom
which
be
of Life, with
Water
because
Allatu was
furious,but,
gods, she
sprinkleher
of
through the
she
which
her attendant
the
each
at
gates,
left there
her
on
life. Ishtar
which
of
entrance
Fddushu-namir
messenger
cursed
Allatu
him and wreaked
the
to
life.
led
then
was
the
portionof
remained
out
raiment
to her.
restored
was
unfortunate
Ishtar
him
adjured by the power

to bring Ishtar forth
been
Namtar
of
water
give
to
restore
to
had
she
sun-gcd, by
being called
beg Allatu
to
intended
told
seven
had
down
with
the
and
the
Shamash,
to
straightway created
Ea
god
ANTIQUITIES.
The
underworld,
in the
him.
The
her vengence
upon
in metre, each half of the line forming
text of this tablet is written
of the
this arrangement,
member;
a
owing to the care
parallel
discernible.
is
scribe, easily
[K. 102.]
where
No.
ity in
tablet
inscribed
infancyof Sargon
birth and
the
of
Fragment
23.
The
Babylonia.
text
with
of
I., king
that
states
Saigon
legend
Agade,
ing
concern-
ancient
an
forth
brought
was
of reeds smeared
set floatingtin
bitumen,
Euphrates. Akki.
found the child and
reared him, until the goddess
a water-carrier,
him
the
him, loved him and made
king over
Ishtar, having seen
and
in secret
put bj his mother
was
with
into
she
which
ark
an
the
river
[K. 3401.]
land.
Nos.
24-04.
inscribed
the
iu
wanderings
of tablets
Fragments
and
Assyrian character
adventures
of
Gilgamesh
Series,
legends describing the
with
mythical hero Gilgamesh,
as
these
have
to
identifythis hero
signs were
with
Nimrod,
but
there
this identification.The
grounds for accepting
satisfactory
Series
when
complete
probablythe
comparativelylate times.
this division
in
consisted
legends
are
illustrations
upon
was
of
and
seal-Cylinders
lies be:
wren
4000
B.C
The
the
home
of
Some
are
no
Gilgamesh
sections, but
of scribes who
edited the story
form
forma of these
or
original
fact
tablets
which
or
proved by
is
which are
episodes
other objects belongingto
The
and
B.C. 2800.
place
at
that have fallen upon
work
twelve
in them
Brech, the
legends
In thi' fragments of the
was
of
antiquity,a
great
various
of
*-t^-tT
formerly read, Iz-du-bar.
TTT^y"f-,or,
sought
the
of
found
the
of
the
inscribed
period
which
origin of the
Gilgamesh.
First Tablet
of
the
series, the calamities

been besieged
cityof Erech after it had
The
been
led by
to have
siegeseems
of
ruled
the
the
Brech
be
became
king
;
tiilgamesh, eventually
( lilgamesh bath
left
not
city with I rod of iron,for the text says,
maid
his
the
the
wife
to her
to the hero,nor
the son
to
father,nor
husband.
The
peopleof the city crird lo ihr goddess Aruril and
their prayers were
supportedby the gods, who bssoughl this
for three
yars
who
described.
air
""
"
successfully
oppose
the petitions
of gods and men, Arum
being strong enough
to
to
Uilgameeb. In answer
treated " being,
part man, part beast, called Eabani;
his body
was
VII.
Plate
Portion
of
tablet
inscribed
[Nineveh Gallery,No.
with
93,016]
the
legend of
the
fightbetween
Marduk
(See
and
page
Tiamat.
36.)
TO
GUIDE
covered
and
woman
that
the
of
beasts of the field.
created,he
been
called
in
Ukhat
friends
set
soon
"
with
in due
and
when
and
Gilgamesh went
he
his
with
the
had
an
enemy
beautiful
woman
Ukhat
settled
Elamite
of
that
a
became
soon
had
an
they arrived
and
heard
that
drank
and
ate
city of Ereeh.
Ea-bani
to do battle
he
resembled
hunter, and
where
Erech,
after
Soon
out
and
the
to the
lure Ea-bani
to
have
to
Gilgamesh
as
Tsaidu,
39
GALLERY.
is said
Corn-god,
As
sent
bringing Ea-bani
Gilgamesh.
which
long1 hair
with
NINEVEH
THE
in
succeeded
fast friend
the
Erech,
of
two
despot called Khtimbaba.
castle.
This
they captured,
they cut
lhey
They
with great joy ; but soon
returned
after Gilgamesh incurred
to Erech
the wrath of the goddess Ishtar, by the refusal of her profferedlove.
The
goddess then besought her father Ann to create a mighty bull
he had done
called Alu to destroy Gilgamesh ; and when
so, Ea-bani
course
had
slain
forth
at
Khumbaba
off his head.
do battle with
to
the bull.
After
fierce
Ea-bani
vanquished the bull and slew him.
of the goddess by the share he had taken
in the slaughterof the bull,and
he uttered
by the threats which
which
he
her
in
he
to
had
served the
serve
as
promised
against her,
dedicated
bull. The horns of the bull were
to the Sun-god by Gilgamesh,
and the slaughter was
commemorated
by a great banquet.
his death
after the faithful ally Ea-bani
met
in a manner
Soon
his
unknown
loss was
to us, and
deeply mourned
by his friend. With
of avoiding the same
the view
fate,Gilgamesh determined to seek
fight the
out
friends
two
the wrath
incurred
next
who
Tsit-napishtim,
his ancestor
Aided
way
the
the
to
by
abode
of
Mountain
guarded
by
through thick
where
coast
of his
the
ancestor
Sunset.
had
the
from
revealed
arrival
the
trees
with
laden
the
see
this lady refused
admission
Sabitu
the
Sabitu
described
one
man
to
these, he
precious
Paying
Sabitu,tlic princessof the place,who
but
heed
were
made
no
sea,
him,
he
part
he set
found
of
out
the
the
for
gates
talk,
Scorpion-man and his wife, who, after much
For
travelled
to pass through.
hours
he
twenty-four
darkness, and at length arrived at a place on the sea-
fruit.
obtained
to
here
of immortality.
secret
in which
Moon-god,
was
On
the
learnt
him
allowed
dream
reason
to
palace,and
the sailor,
was
instead
to the
of
palace of
help him to cross

he
difficulty
succeeded
in explaining to
of his quest for immortality.
of his journey, and

the difficultiesof the
only,Arad-Ka.
to the abode
the
to
stones
his way
alone could
him.
With
passage,
and
able
to carry
Gilgamesh at
told
him
him
that
across
the
once
Tsit-napishtim.
sought out
him
the
consented
to help
to cross
told him
Arad-Ea,
sea, and
fashion a new
to
steering pole for his boat out of a treego and
trunk
in the forest.
then set out in the
Gilgamesh and Arad-Ea
crossed
the
Waters
of Death
and
boat, and after many
dangers
arrived at the place where
Tsit-napishtimdwelt with his wife. Tsitdown
the shore and listened to the explanation
to
came
napishtim
which
of his journey. In answer
to
Gilgamesh gave of the cause
the request of Gilgamesh that he would
teach
him how
become
to
sea
who
of
40
AND
BABYLONIAN
immortal,
he
he
repliedthat
as
from
death, for
escape
brethren
quarrel,and as
as
long
death
the
as
said
When
into
run
dost
Tablet
of the poem
Eleventh
the Babylonian
account
as
to this
According
the
of
the
story which
Gilgamesh,
of
the
in the
sea,
heard
Gilgamesh
enjoy
question,Tsit-napishtimrelated
built,and
are
hatred
then didst thou obtain

sage, "How
in the assembly of the gods?"
the
to
river
the
man."
to every
come
anythingto help him
to do
as
of
waters
unable
was
long as houses
long-as there is
"
to
ANTIQTJITiES.
ASSYRIAN
and
land, and
so
these
long
will
words
he
life which
the
In
thou
this-
to
answer
is inscribed
is
long-
as
the
on
knowu
commonly
Deluge.
story the gods determined
to
send
deluge
upon
Tsit-napishtim, | ^f ^Jf^ ""C^, a dweller in the

warned
by the
city of Shurippak, on the Euphrates, was
of their design. In obedience
to this god's instructions,
the earth,and
ancient
Ea
god
collected
he
wood
intended
was
beasts
of
to
save
and
for the
materials
him
the field from
hundred
one
and
and
the
waters
cubits
twenty
his
wife
building of ;t ship which

his
his family, and
and
of the flood.
wide,
and
on
made
He
its deck
barge
he built
cubits
high ; this house was
twenty
and
each
contained
nine rooms.
divided
six
The
into
stories,
story
the inside with
and
smeared with bitumen
outside of the ship was
and made
a feast, Tsit-napishtim,,
pitch. Having slaughtered oxen
deck-house
hundred
and
belongings, entered into the ship, the

The
direction
of which he entrusted
to the pilotPuzur-Bel.
same
with
terrible
rain
and
to
a mighty tempest
fall,
began
night a heavy
for six days
and lightningand
of rain continued
thunder
torrents
and
six nights, until even
the tops of the mountains
were
whelmed.
overabated
and the sea
went
On the seventh day the storm
in
with
those
the
down, but by this time all mankind,
exception of
the ship had drifted to the
ship,had been destroyed. Meanwhile
it grounded on the top of a high mountain.
land of Nitsir, where
land reappeared. Seven
the
After twelve
days later Tsitdays
napishtim sen! Forth a dove, but she found no resting place and
returned to the ship; after a further interval he sent forth a swallow.
time after, he sent
who
also returned to the ship; but when, some
How
and
the
bird
forth a raven,
althoughit approached and
away,
all his
with
Croaked,it
family
did
not
and
re-enter
the
ship. Tsit-napishtim
forth with
having come
then
knew
had abated, and.

waters
family
he offered up a sacrifice to the gods
beasts of the field,
wroth
thai the
The god Bei,however, was
the mountain.
upon
had
bul
been
was
qoI
of
mankind
appeased
destroyed,
race
utterly
allowed
to
by the god Ka. and Tsit-napishtimand his family were
took
ho
conferred
bim
and
immoi
talitv was
live,
by Bel,
up
upon
of the river where
the mouth
his abode in the remote
region near
Qilgameshhad found him. vSee Plate VIII.)
that
ami
the
the
the
All
."
the
his
from
shore.
time
thai
Tsit-napishtiin
the
Hood,
When
the
telling the
was
QUgamesh, being
story
was
end-.
I.
sick, sal
in
story
his
of
hi ":
boat
by
promised
Tslt-uapishtim
Plate
Fragment
of
baked
clay tablet
[Nineveh Gallery,No.
K.
inscribed
3375.]
with
the
Babylonian account
ot
(See
the
page
VIII.
Deluge.
40.)
42
BABYLONIAN
into
use
the
as
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
writing material, and,
trace
with
scribe
attempted
of
AND
it
as
impossibleto
was
rounded
ease
figures and outlines upon it,the

represent the shape of the objectsby
to
series of
wedge-shaped impressionswhich he was

his writing-tool.
quickly and
neatly with
This
the beginning of cuneiform
was
writing. A process
of simplification
of the cuneiform
signsgraduallydeveloped.
will
be
from
the
seen
followingexamples:
as,
means
able
make
to
"
the
scribes found
Assyrian
it necessary
which
simpler Assyrian signs

Nos.
equivalents. In
and
Nos.
given represented.
Babylonian signs with

hand
without
Nos.
In the
the
'"."/.,
be
to
their
of such
examples
sounds
Sumerian
their
modem
ami
language
of
with
US
lists of
archaic
tic
equivalents;
on
cuneiform signs
8520, 81 7 l'7, l'."
archaic
was
Pol heaven
were
in the
"fc
the Bound
objectwhich
the
iign
word
which
lists of
are
Sumerian
the
these
supply
422*, L35, 2839.]
from the name

of the
BOUnd
and
3-0
equivalents. K.
":;7l".4155,
aneienl
"he;iven,"
the
7 and
modern
their
869,
derived
we
the
they added
believed
have
lists of
up
drew
them
is reason
to believe that those who
here
certain what
objects the picture-characters
not
were
KK.
which
they
2
draw
to
thai
seen
there
lists,but
other
it will be
case
to
Babylonian characters,
the ancient
np
this
in
the tablets exhibited
From
mi
was
now
,ui.
of
it
sign
was
represented*
d" represent ed
At
later time
both
in
used
words, were
really
Babylonianand Assyrianlanguages
ryllables
only,without any referenoe whatsoever to the
represented. Tims the sign ]\
objectswhich theyoriginally
""i
in tic- ancient language
picturefor water, the
was
which
th"-
was
"/
sign |J
; but
is
in the
used
name
Assyrian
merely
as
word
V"
"-6u, father,'
without
syllable
"
any
refer-
GUIDE
ence
oi'
TO
THE
NINEVEH
43
GALLERY.
picture-formor meaning. Lists of signs,

original
divided
into three
called, are
as
they are
'"syllabaries"
to its
classes, which
tablets
Portions
side of
each
on
cuneiform
signs
"Sumeriau,and
to
of
the
Syllabaries
tablet
is
divisions.
having- three
column
the
by
of
following groups
"
Nos. 9-11.
text
illustrated
are
be
that to the
of
rhe
arranged
The
middle
First
The
Class.
columns, each
hi three
division
explained,that to the left

righttheir Assyriannames.*
contains
the
their values
[KK.
in
G2, 202,
7622.]
following extracts
The
81
bi
Kit
I AN
will exulain
the arrangement:
VALVE.
XAME.
IBBIBIAN
"
ka
shu
"*=
"-|g[^^
tu
kul
m-
ku
la
zu
ga
lum
bu
"rgf j^yy s^
ki
ish
tuni
**""."
US
Nos. 12-1").
Each
column
division
*
are
Apart
specialnames
Portions
of
the
of
contains
text
the cuneiform
from
their
values
given to them
three
signs and
as
by
of
Syllabaries
words
the
the
groups
to
ku
Second
'divisions.
the
syllables,
Assyrians.
or
rak
be
Class.
In the
middle
explained; that
cuneiform
signs had
41
to the
BABYLONIAN
left
contains
AND
their
ANTIQUITIES.
ASSYRIAN
that
values, and
Sumerian
to
the
KK.
110, G01G, 7G83.]
Assyrian meaning's. [S. 23,
the
arrangement :
followingextracts will explain
right
The
their
"
16 and
17.
Syllabaries
of
the
Third
Class
arranged
the sec. .ml of

four oolomns,each oolomn
baying fonr divisions,
the Bist their
which contains the enneiforai signsto be explained,
and the fourth
Dames,
fctameriea raises,the third their A.ssyrian
pretheir Assyrian meanings. [K. 4146, D.T. 40.] So, 16 was
1873.
the
ii...
of
Telegraphy"
s.-Mici by
"rs
"Daily
I'ropriel
in
GUIDE
syllabary of the
"
Fragment
W.
Mayer,
Xos.
19-21.
show
explain
No. 18.
by
will
45
GALLERY.
NINEVEH
THE
following extracts
The
class
TO
of
Esq., 1876.
Lists
of
syllabaryof the third class.

[7G-4-13, 1.]
Sumerian
their dialectic differences.
[(19)K. 4410
(20)
K. 4221
and
Accadian
words
Assyiian translations
C05 (21) K. 4319
Km.
Presented
arranged to
are
appended.
+
4G04.1
46
BABYLONIAN
No.
No.
of
List
23.
ANTIQUITIES.
words
Assyrian
meanings.
of synonymous
Assyrian words
List of
22.
ASSYRIAN
AND
of
synonymous
[K. 4375.]
in groups.
arranged
[K. 52.]
meanings
Fragments of a tablet containingAssyrianwords

in legal documents, arranged to
serve
as
and
phrases used
4223
K.
K.
8521.]
(25)
grammatical examples.
[(24)
24 and
Nos.
No.
that
the
as
and
the
left contains
the
on
If
"
1.
right
of this class of
illustrate the contents
them
for
"
'
"
forbid him
put
brand
as
money
Thou
his
saith unto
son
"
upon
2.
mother,' let
my
city,and
the
her
husband
"
husband,' let
them
throw
"
saith unto
half
his wife,
laws
put
brand
upon
are
as
wife,'he
my
to note
interesting
forthcoming,which
early as
B.C.
the
that
show
2300.
Sm.
lations
trans-
1981.]
Sumerian, with Assyrian

examples in
being proverbs and riddles,copied from an older
[K. 1347.]
Grammatical
28.
; some
original.
(irarr.inatic;il examples iii
20.
the
translations;
Sumerian, with Assyrian

religious
subjects.
phrases having reference to

[K.
to
(to her)
that in early
examples in Sumetian, with Assyrian

phrases being those found in incantation texts.
translations
No.
his face, and
shall pay
[K. 4355
No.
his mother,
unto
Grammatical
N"". 27.
:
in full force
were
not
It is
proofs
Babylonian inscriptions
these
saith
son
him
art
of silver."
maneh
them
not
'
Thou
'
put him
If
"
art
3. " If
forth from the house."
and
saith unto
him, Thou art not my
her into the river." 4. " If a husband
drive
hateth
father,'let
my
in fetters and sell him
father, 'Thou
and
him,
slave."
art not
wife
the
on
:"
"
"
that
text, and
divisions
[K- 251.]
will
followingextract
tablet
44
Sumerian
Assyrian translation.
The
arranged
phrases used in legaldocuments,

grammatical examples ; each column is in two
Words
20.
to serve
2o.
156
K. 3220
K.
846.]
ing
examples of B verbal formation, arranged accordof the first
of signs usuallyfollowed in Syllabaries
B0.
List of
the
order
[K. 253.]
81
arranged
irordi
Nm-.
or
in
exi
32.
groups
reeaions
Petitions of
according
by
k.
which
two
to
the
explanatorylists
of
words
similarity of the Assyrian

rendered.
they are
[(81)K. 247(82) K. 844.]
three explanatory
listsof words arranged
of
the similar forms of the oharaoters,
1823(84) K. 207 (86)JL 4818. + K. 1880 I D.T.
:;:i :'.."".Portions
i\n gi'
c;:;,
and
128.]
GUIDE
Nos. 36 and
smaller
No.
40.
the
No.
39.
of
list of
words
which
same
Explanatory list of words
glosses
Here
inscribed with
the
selected
from
Nos.
Nineveh.
series excavated
at
Assyrian
grammatical
the
at
have
1-29
Nineveh
the
of
expense
and
Nos.
presented by
during the
proprietorsot
them
to
the
in 1873.
Fragments
l-ll.
of
number
historical,moral, and
Daily Telegraph,"
British Museum
exhibited
are
Royal Library at
undertaken
expedition
The
in
added
are
[K. 4386.]
C.
from
texts
end
[K. 4549.]
hand.
tablets
"
explanatory
an
character.
Table-Case
been
"
Fragment
41.
smaller
47
GALLERY.
Fragments of explanatory lists of words arranged

according to the meanings of their Assyrian equivalents.
[(38)K. 264(39) K. 2058.]
in groups
with
NINEVEH
ingexplanatory lists of words arrangedaccordtheir Assyrian equivalents;glosses ar

added
K.
197
K.
39
K.
[(36)
(37)
+
153.]
of
hand.
38 and
Nos.
THE
Two
37.
to tiie roots
in
TO
of
eight-sidedcylinder inscribed with

The
king of Assyria, B.e. 722-705.
records
the
text
711
campaign of Sargon against Ashdod,
B.C.
(see Isaiah xx., 1). Azun, king of Ashdod, having refused
to
pay
tribute
to the
Assyrians,was
deposed by Sargon, and was
ceeded
sucthe
throne
The
Ahimiti.
on
by his brother
people of
and
Ashdod, however, rejected Ahimiti
elected Yainani
their
as
then
made
with
king. They
a
league
Judah, Edom,
Philistia,
defeated
Moab, and Egypt, but were
and
their city
Sargon,
by
became
once
more
subject to Assyria. [(1) K. 1668 -f D.T. 6.
(2) K. 1669.
(8) Sin'.2021.
(4) Sm. 2022.
(5) K. 4818.
(6)
K. 8536.
(7)79-7-8-14. (8) K. 1672.
(9) Sm. 2050.
(10) K.
1668
+ K. 1671.
(11) K. 1673].
part of the annals
an
of Sargon,
Nos. 12-17.
of inscribed cylinders made
Fragments
shar-ishknn,
the
last king of
B.C.
Assyria, about
[(12) K.
(13) D.T.
1662.
(15) K. 1663.
(16)
+ 82-5-22, 26].
K.
8540
64+82-5-22,
+ 82-5-22,
27.
28.
for
Sin-
615-606.
(14)
K.
8541.
(17) 81-7-27,
No. 18.
Syllabary of the third class giving the values of certain

and
signs, together with their Assyrian names
meaniugs. (See
4174
above, p. 45.)
+ K. 4583.]
[K.
Nos. 19 and
+
D.T. 9 +
Nos.
K.
21 and
20.
Explanatory list of words
4250
22.
K. 4544.
Fragment
of
with
glosses. [K.
2021a
an
explanatorv list of words.
K. 4357
D.T.
K.
[D.T.41.
D.T.
4230
14.]
58.]
48
BABYLONIAN"
No.
Part of
23.
carried
No.
between
on
No.
fragments
legend containing'
horse
Part
25.
of
and
an
hymn
[K.
list of
names
K.
of
of
5072
of
Part
26.
of
list of
5.]
D.T.
gods, with explanatoryglosses.
of utensils and
names
5249
[K. 4343
No.
43.]
Babylonian
is
king's name
The
K.
conversation
345 G "+-D.T.
in honour
translation.
Assyrian
1832
[K.
ox.
Sumerian
or
interlinear
king, with
wanting.
ANTIQUITIES.
Akkadian
24.
ASSYRIAN
AND
D.T.
128.]
vessels.
[D.T.52.]
Part
Nc. 27.
of
second
No.
of
series.
[K.
and
Prayers
28.
directions
[K. 3397
gods.
of moral
Tablet
No. 29.
"
king payeth
If the
and
heed
no
change
to
his
the
heed
not
shall
his land
law
K.
of
destiny, and
his
D.T.
18165
kings
injustice.
of the
contents
land, Ea, the king of
shall
to
text
If he
confusion.
to
him
visit
nobles, his
with
the
122.]
his people shall be

justice,
brought
be
his
to
358.]
D.T.
and
misgovermnent
the
offering's to
making
will illustrate the
followingextract
2518
precepts, including warnings

follow
concerning the evils which

The
for
tablet formed
This
mythological legend.
"
thrown,
over-
giveth
destinies,shall
misfortune.
shall
If
be
If he
be
long.
days
(not)
giveth no
his land shall revolt against him.
giveth no heed to the wise men.
If he giveth heed unto
wisdom, the king shall behold the strengthening
the commandments
of Ea,
If he giveth heed
to
of the land.
him
with
and
ment.
discerntrue
the great gods shall endow
knowledge
with
them
of Babylon bring money
and
If the men
give
of these Babylonians and
the cause
bribes, and the king favouieth
heed
turneth
shall
to
briug
to
the
entreaty, Marduk,
their
against him, and
his foe
unto
possessions
the
and
do
Babylon who
And
lord
shall
the
men
of heaven
give
enemy.
these things shall be cast
his
and
earth,
goods and
his
Nippurand Sippar
into prison."
of
[D.T.l.]
No. 30.
List of
names
81.
List of
names
No.
of
and
gods.
titles of
82. List of the Various names

Who,
of the go!
togetherwith
No.
Minimi
\ o,
lor
84.
his
[K. 171.]
gods, with glosses.
[K. 4332.]
of the months
explanations
and
of
the
of the titles
cuneiform
[K.
name.
List Of
names
Lltl of
names
Of
of
104.
[K. 250.]
stars, etc.
kings.
earlyBabylonian
[K. 4426
Rm.
G17.]
50
BABYLONIAN
893
to B.C.
the
chief events
B.C.
office of the
every
we
told
Sivan
of the
some
which
ANTIQUITIES.
lists remarks
given, and
it is clear
of these
one
the
place during
took
that if
{i.e.,
May-June)
of the
eclipse
an
we
of
date
in
Now
series will be known.
of Sagali,in the
in the eponymy
that
of
years
the
events
list
one
month
place ; and
eclipseof the
took
sun
astronomical
calculations prove that an
visible at Nineveh, took placeon June 15, 763
recent
sun.
ing
concern-
in the
eponym
are
In
666.*
are
eponyms
date of
exact
fix the
can
ASSYRIAN
AND
With
B.C.
this year as a fixed point we

can
accuratelyassign correct
dates to all the important events
from the reign of Rammannirari II. to the beginning of the reign of Ashur-bani-pal.
Nos.
and their titles.

of Assyrian eponyms
1-5.
Lists of names
which
brief notices of the chief events
happened during-their
with
of office, from
term
4146
(2)
K.
860-84S, 817-723, and

+ 95-4-6, 4 + 81-2-4,
b.c
3403
(4) K.
Nos.
who
6-11
and
Lists of the
51.
held
office from
4388
(7) Rm.
about
580
b.c.
(8) K.
900
4390
(9)
(11) K.
51
about
to
K.
K.
3202
(3)
(5) Rm. 2, 97.]
187
of the
names
[(1)K.
720-704.
Assyrianeponyms
650.
[(6)K.
(10) K.
4329b
b.c
4329a
(51) 82-5-22, 526.]

of Assyria and
the Governments
12.
No.
Agreement between
king
Babylonia,probably drawn
up in the reign of Assur-bani-pal,
settle
to
of Assyria, b.c.
668-625,
disputes concerning the
The
consists of a
boundaries
of the
document
two
kingdoms.
scries of brief notices of the
the Assyrians and
between
The
Babylonians
from
as
the
"
"
which
on
they
which
about
Synchronous
illustrate the character
took
b.c.
place
1600
to
History."
of the
tents
con-
"
Karduniash
and
(i.e.,
Babylonia)
bel-nishi?hu, king of Assyria,established

other, and i h"y liound each other by oath
had
an
Ashur-
agreementwith
t"ach
observe the frontier
to
agreed."
king.of
king'of Assyria, and Burnaburiash,
discussed and Bxed the boundary for both kingdoms."
Babylonia,
II.
""
"Pazur-Ashur.
the time of Ashur-uballit.

king of Assyria,the
evolted from the rale of Karakhardash,
k
king of
the
of
Asimr""f
the
Muballitat-sherfta,
daughter
Babylonia, son
the son
uhailit.
of
and slew him:
they established Nazibugash,
then."
Rm.
4401
+
king over
[K.
no
854.]
one,
-In
III.
"
"
Kara-indash,kingof
I.
u
""
alliances
is
of this tablet
""
conflicts and
generallyknown
will
followingextracts
800, and
b.c.
4329
"
Thr
lonibmC
ftrruged with
ad
:iiiT
Of the fragmentary lists
ippmiajatfl
Mauracj
b c.
866,
present, onlj be
tnej belong lo the poiiodibefore ao,
ciin,
at,
GUIDE
Nos.
"
13 and
TO
14.
NINEVEH
THE
with
inscribed
Fragment
Synchronous History.
No.
15.
Portion
No.
1G.
Tablet
51
GALLERY.
part of the
[K. 4401
b,
of the
text
Sm.
2106.]
Assyrian copy of a Babylonian Chronicle

the dynasties and
to
relating*
reigns of early Babylonian king's.
Col. 4 contains traces of the names
of the kings of the first dynasty
of Babylon ; col. 5 gives the names
of three kings of the dynasty
of the country of the sea, and
the names
of kings of two
other
have been a listof the
dynasties. When
complete the tablet must
of
in
six
columns.
This
tablet
was
kings
Babylonia
probably copied
from a Babylonian originalfor the libraryof Ashur-bani-pal.
[K. 8532 + K. 8533 + K. 8534.]
of
an
of Tukulticontaininga copy of an inscription

cherib,
Ninib, king of Assyria,about b.c 1300, made by the order of Sennaof
The
705-081.
about
B.C.
king
Assyria,
originalwas
inscribed on a cylinder-seal
of lapis-lazuli,
which
was
brought back
from
by Sennacherib
Babylon, whither it had been carried six
hundred
No.
years
17.
before.
[K. 2673.]
of
Assyrian copy
of Agum,
inscription
an
king of Babylonia
about b.c. 1700, recording the restoration of the images of

Merodach
and Tsarpanitnm to the temple of E-sagil in Babylon.
These
images
enemy
at
had
unknown
an
carried
been
off
The
period.
laud
the
to
gives a
text
which Agnm
shrine.
provided for Marduk's
for Ashur-bani-pal's
libraryat Nineveh.
[K.
Nos.
18-36.
and
names
-f K.
4149
4203
Khani
list of the
This copy
K.
by
4448
furniture
made
was
Sm.
bowls inscribed with the

Fragments of terra-cotta
of
genealogies kings of Assyria who reigned
about b.c. 114o to b.c. 681.

The
greater number
describe shortly building operations undertaken
by the
reigns they
were
18.
about
Ashur-rish-ishi,
No.
19.
Shamshi-Ramman,
kings
in
about
Ashur-rish-ishi,
No. 21.
Shamshi-Ramman,
NO.
Ashur-rish-ishi,about
b.c.
about
b.c
[56-9-9,167.]
1140.
b.c.
about
No. 20.
22.
of these
inscribed.
No.
9-9,
27.]
titles and
from
whose
some
1080.
b.c
[56-9-9,188.]
1140.
1080.
b.c
[56-9-9,179.]
[56-9-9,172.]
[56-9-9, 189 +58-
114a,
192.]
No. 23.
Shamshi-Ramman,
No. 24.
Sargon II.,b.c
No.
about
Ashur-rish-ishi,
25.
No. 26.
9, 143
about
B.C.
1080.
[56-9-9,171,]
722-705.
Ashur-uasir-pal,b.c
b.c
[56-9-9,198.]
1140
885-860.
[56-9-9,194.]
[56-9-9,136
56-9-
56-9-9, 184.]
"
52
No. 27.
No. 28.
9, 168
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
b.c.
ANTIQUITIES.
1140.
885-860.
Ashur-nasir-pal,b.c.
56-9-9, 191.]
[56-9-9,185.]
[56-9-9, 156
56-9-
No, 29.
Sargon II.,b.c.
No. 30.
b.c.
1140.
[56-9-9,183.]
No.
31.
about
Ashur-rish-ishi,
b.c.
1140.
[56-9-9,178.]
No.
32.
Shalmaneser
No.
33.
about
Ashur-rish-ishi,
b.c.
1140.
[56-9-9,182.]
Xo.
34.
about
Ashur-rish-ishi,
b.c.
1140.
[56-9-9,175.]
.No. 35.
No.
36.
722-705.
II.,b.c.
[81-2-4,182.]
[56-9-9,142.]
860-825.
Sennacherib,
b.c.
705-681.
Sennacherib,
b.c.
705-681.
[56-9-9,138.]
[56-9-9,147
56-9-9, 149.]
of Tiglath-Pileser I.,king
inscriptions
of countries
of
and
B.C.
1100, recording the names
be
lhat
the
will
him.
It
noticed
peoplesconquered by
handwriting
of the scribes of this earbyperiod differs considerablyfrom
that in
in the reign of Ashur-bani-pal,and that it is both
use
larger and
the
that
found
other
in
this
tablets
than
on
coarser
Gallery. [(37)
2805.
K.
K.
K.
K. 2806.
2804.
(39)
(40)
2807.]
(38)
Portions
TJos. 37-40.
of
Assyria,about
Inscriptionof Tiglath-Pileser III.,king of Assyria,

745-727, recording his conquests and his building operations.
b.c.
\mong the tributarykings, "Ahaz, king of Judah"(y "^
^TTI^
No.
41.
-?K -ff^ ^
ttVr ^
is mentioned.
Among
Babylonian
his
by
Kings
xv.,
19, and
EH
/"-"-**"-"" ("dtu) Ia-u-da-ai,

Tt flf"
the Hebrews,
name
of
III.
Tiglath-Pileser
Pul, y 4^-
1 Chronicles
is known
J"TJ,Pu-lu.
Compare
[K. 2751.]
v., "26.
Inscriptionof Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, about

account
B.O.
6S1-668, giving his genealogy, and containingan
"of his buildingoperations.
[K. 3053 4- K. 2801.]
No.
42.
No. 43.
Table!
inscribed
with
to the throne
Ashur-bani-pal
his brother,
installation of
Pot stele with
of
an
aocounl
of
Assyria,
the
668,
b.c.
Shamash-shum-uktn,
of
figures
the
as
accession
of
of
the
and
Viceroy of
kings in reliefbos
Babylon.
BabylonianRoom, page 91.
|K. 2694 + K. 3050.]
o
f
No. 4 1.
king of Assyria, about
Ashur-bani-pal,
Inscription
[".."". 668
626,recordingWs conquest of Arabia.
[K. 2802 + K. 3019 + K. 3047.]
two
the
"
kiiinw"8
formerly identified
WifTcn-iitljf.
Tlii;*
written
with
Uzziali,whose
name
is,however,
GUIDE
THE
TO
NINEVEH
53
GALLERY.
Nos.
Portions
45-48.
four tablets
of
of the conquest of Elam
inscribed with
an
account
of
of the
by Ashur-bani-pal,king
Assyria,about
back
of
the
bringing
image of the goddess
carried thither by Kudur-nanhundi,
king
b.c.
668-626, and
had
been
Nana, which
of Elam, sixteen hundred
[(45),K. 2631 + K. 2653
years before.
K.
K.
K.
3101,
+
2855, (46),
(47),
2654, (48),K. 2664.]
Nos.
of Ashur-bani-pal,
inscriptions
king of Assyria,
hia
in
668-626, describing
cording
campaigns
Egypt, and rethe arrival of a friendly embassy from
Gyges,
king of
Lydia.
[(49),K. 228 + K. 3081 + K. 3084, (50),K. 2675.]
49-50.
about
Two
B.C.
Table-Case
Here
E.
exhibited
are
large
number
of
Assyrian letters and despatchesrelatingto publicand private

selections from astrological
and
astronomical
affairs,
reports,
tablets,and
contract
Assyrian and
Nos.
commercial
Phoenician
1-55
written
documents
in the
languages.
addressed
astrologicalreports which were
by
cities
in
and
astrologers
Babylonia chiefly
Assyria
refer to eclipses
of the sun
and
to the king. Their
contents
moon,
and
to stars
constellations,to the signs of the Zodiac, to the
appearances
often add
are
from
various
of
clouds, and
the
which
omens
which
phenomena
Nabu-akhi-irba
from
Shumai
are
Balasi
46
Apia ;
Nos.
No.
53
and
45
are
from
and
No.
55
is from
addressed
No.
No.
and
56-64
No.
40
is from
Nos.
49
9, 19, 21, 30, 33,

from
10, 12, and 54 are
are
Nabu-mushitsi
from
Nabu-akhi-iddina
and
64a.
51
the
Official reports from
are
Report concerning the Vernal
my
May
Nos.
41
Muuabitu
from
Assyrian
Nabu
astronomers
king.
57.
lord."
Bel-shum-ishkun.
the sixth
six kasbu.
"
are
Nos.
and
Marduk
be
[K. 709.]
Equinox.
Report concerning the Vernal Equinox.

Nisan the day and
day of the month
six btubu (i.e.,
12 hours) and
equal. The day was
On
are
Asharidu
from
Bullutu ;
chieflyto
56.
celestial
from
31 are
; Nos. 16 and
Bel-akhi-irba ; No. 20 is from Ashur-sharrani
;
Nabu-shum-ishkun
is
from
from
No.
34
;
are
Ramman-shum-utsur
Nos.
Bamai
39
are
18 is from
and
25
the
from
from
Ishtar-shum50, and 52 are
Irashi-ilu ; Nos. 7 and 28
from
are
11, 14, 24, 26, 32, and

47
the writers
1, 22, 29, 35, 37, and 38

and 15
Akkullanu
; Nos. 3
Nos.
13, 43, and
and
etc. ;
deduced
,Nergal-itir
;
are
Nos.
Nos.
"
4, 5, 27, 36,
from
Nos.
is from
42, and
"
No.
Nos.
Nos. 6, 17, 23, 44, and 48

from
Nabu-ikbi ; No. 8 is from
irish
11
they have
they report.
from
rain, storms,
to
The
text
reads
the
night were
night was
propitiousunto the king
the
[K. 15.]
54
BABYLONIAN
No.
reads
text
"
No.
No.
Nabua
Marduk
the
on
be
29th
the
day
we
king-my
[K. 716.]
unsuccessful
concerning an
tion
observa-
[K. 720.]
Report
Xabtia
from
concerning
of the
observation
an
[K. 802.]
moon.
Astronomical
61.
the
saw
the
propitiousunto
city of Ashur."
of the
The
moon.
moon.
60.
and
sun
and
Report from Nabu
59.
of the
"
and
kept watch
Nabu
From
lord.
No.
May
moon.
"
We
"
of
observation
Report concerning-an
58.
ANTIQUITIES.
ASSYRIAN
AND
Nabua
report from
to
the
king's
son.
[K. 184.]
Report
No, 62.
observation
No.
63.
Report
observation
*'
lord, thy
"
Arbela
"
Marduk
"
lord.
from
of the
of
servant
concerning an
Ishtar-nadin-upli
[K. 7"]
moon.
Ishtar-nadin-apli
concerning an
from
the
The
We
and
"
cloudy
"
the month
of
Ishtar
on
did not
see
we
"
text
the
and
king my lord.
May Nabu
unto
the
king my
propitious
the twenty-ninth day. The
sky was
the
first
the moon.
day of
[Dated on]
to
Arbela
kept watch
Sebat
ful
unsuccess-
To
reads :
the king my
the
of
of
the
chief
astronomeis
Ishtar-nadin-apli
moon.
(saith).Greeting
and
ful
unsuccess-
be
of the eponymy
of Bel-kharran-shadua."
[K. 297.]
No. 64.
"
Report from Nabu-shum-iddina,

Chief-gardener, my
lord, thy servant
"
chief of
the
"
Marduk
be
41
"
the
the
on
kept
eclipsed."
64a.
No.
05.
for
moon
reads:
"To
Nabu-shum-iddina,
Nineveh
propitiousunto
watch
No.
of
astronomers
which
Nabu
(saith). May
Chief-gardener,my lord
the
14th day ; the moon
the
the
and
We
was
[K. 88.]
Report to the king from .Mai -Ishtar,stating that an

had
taken place, and correcting a
not
expected eclipseof the sun
former
[K. 480.]
report of an observation of Jupiter.
No. "6.
Sale of
female
slave
Sale of the slave
[K. 331.]
Gula-rimat
for
10.',nianehs
of silver.
[K. 320.]
No.
07.
Sale
of
for .""liKUielis of silver.
slaves
Beveil
B.C.
680.
[K. 76.]
No. 68.
Record
of
"
of
loan
manehs
and
:;
shekels
of silver.
[K. 336].
No.
I
he
(','.).Tablet
inter e"t
tO be
and
recording
ease
paid Wajfat
the
rate
loan
6f
of 10 shekels
I went
-live
pet
o{ silver,
rent.
[K. 318.]
'No. 70.
Sale
of
house
in Nineven
for half
nianeh
of
silver.
[K. 805.]
TO
GUIDE
No.
Sale of
71.
NINEVEH
THE
for
piece of land
55
GALLERY.
of silver.
maneh
one
[K. 421.]
Sale of
No, 72.
piece of laud
shekels
for eleven
of silver.
[Sm. 921.]
No.
recording the exchang-e of
Tablet
73.
slaves.
two
[K. 329.]
No.
Tablet
74.
Kitsir-Ashur
to
the
on
Bel-Akhishu
by
Arba'il-Sarra."
This
utsur, after
650.
b.c.
Sale of
No. 75.
of
sale
for
the
nianeh
in the
is dated
tablet
Arba'il-Shai rat
slave
characters, is
Phoenician
in
edge,
the
recording
half
and
the
docket
Eponymy
Sale of
of Sin-shar"
[K. 309.]
female
slave
for
eight shekels of
raaueh
one
[K. 281.]
silver.
No.
Sale
76.
shekels
No.
silver;
of
of
of silver,
Nineveh
in
property
for
thirty
[K. 405.]
687.
b.c.
Sale of three
77.
house
certain
slaves for
of silver.
manehs
two
[81-2-4,152.]
No.
the
Tablet
78.
of Arad-Ashur,
son
for
Sale of
79.
shekels
two
of Rumman-rimani
Eponymy
No.
recordingthe lettingof
after
b.c.
by Arad-Ishtar,
silver;dated in the
of
650.
field for half
certain
field
[K. 313.]
niaueh
and
of siLver.
No.
after
Fragment of
Tablet
manehs
the
recording
silver; dated
of
sale
in the
of
house
Eponymy
Part
of
inscribed in Aramean
Tablet
No. 83.
recordinga
Bilingualtablet
loan
86.
of
loan, written
No. 87.
barley.
with
barley.
in the Aramean
B.C.
Tablet, recording
Tablet
in
Tablet
Assyrian
[K. 3784],
a
record of
loan
of
[K. 3785.]
barley,with docket
No.
and
Aramean
674.
b.c
No. 84.
85.
Sin-shar-utsur,
[". 311.]
bilingualtablet in the
languages recording a loan of barley.
No.
Aramean
by Sharru-ludari
of
650.
No. 82.
barley,
with
tablet inscribed
contract
[Rm. 188.]
81.
B.C.
shekels
[K. 8528.]
No. 80.
characters.
for two
four
in
and
682.
the
Assyrian languages
[81-2-4,147.]
Assyrian language
in Aramean.
of
[Sm. 957.]
recording the receiptof

the Aramean
language.
inscribed in
loan
Assyrian with
pledge
as
securityfor
[81-2-4,148.]
a
record
of
sale of
[K. 340.]
5t"
AND
BABYLONIAN
No.
No.
years
No.
Tablet
89.
recording
Tablet
90.
of
of
lease
heart.
certain
[K. 373.}
recording the sale
of
and
house
recording the sale
of
field for twelve
of silver.
No.
maneh
No.
No.
No.
recording the sale
Tablet
92.
of silver.
Tablet
93.
of
the
sale
recording the sale
of silver,
of
recordinga giftto
of
Tablet
for three manehs
dated
of
estate
of
in Nineveh
house
b.c
the
of Ninib
in the
Record
of
No.
98.
Tablet
and
one
Calah
at
epcnymy
certain
property and
slaves
[K. 298.]
loan
for
[K. 382.]
of silver.
97.
of
[K. 420.]
recording the sale of
No.
Lulabbir-
in the eponomy
temple
that city; dated
650.
after
Ashur-gimil-tirri,
half
for
[K. 294.]
of
96.
the
692.
b.c.
Tablet
95.
slave
[D.T. 12.]
recording
Tablet
94.
female
687.
B.C.
(Nimrud) by four inhabitants
No.
shekels
[K. 299.]
sharrussu,the son of Marduk-shar-utsur

650.
after b.c
Sin-shar-utsur,
maneh
for ten
estate
[K. 293.]
Tablet
91.
sis
[K. 330.]
shekels of silver.
No.
for
property
of silver.
shekels
for twelve
ANTIQUITIES.
tablet in the form
Contract
88.
ASSYRIAN
of
eight shekels of
recording a
case
silver.
sale of land.
[K. 364.]
b.c.
680.
[K. 3789.]
No.
99.
No.
100.
Record
Tablet
fifteen shekels
of
and
loan
of
grain.
[K. 291.]
recording a loan
twenty-fiveper cent,
case
of silver at
of
nine
manehs
and
interest.
[K. 342.]
No.
and
Tablet
101.
of silver at
case
twenty-fiveper
No.
recording a
Nm.
debt.
\"". 103a.
shekels
seventeen
[K. 374.]
legal decision
concerning the
[K. 345.]
reoordinga legaldecision concerning the payment

[K. 362.]
Tiiblii
103.
of
of
interest.
cent,
Tablet
102.
recording
ownership of a female slave.
loan
Record
of
loan of three manehs
of silver,
me.
686.
[K.848.]
Seimaeherib, king of Assyria.B.O. 705-681,
Esarhaddon.
ling to certain object!given by him to his son
Will
the
of
Sennacherib."
This tablet is generallyknown
as
\"i. 101.
Letter
from
"
[K. 1620.]
58
BABYLOXIAX
No.
Letter
122.
religiousaffairs.
king- from
the
to
is made
Mention
ANTIQUITIES.
ASSYRIAN
AND
Ramman-shurn-utsur
Letter
123.
affairs in the
No.
king's
[Rm. 76.]
brother.
No.
on
the
Nabii-nadin-shum,
of
Bel-likbi
king*from
the
to
concerning public
cityof Khisa.
Part
124.
of
letter to
[Rm. 77.]
"
the
king
Ishtar-shum-irish
from
of certain stars.
observations
concerning astrological
[83-1-18,10.]
No.
125.
Letter
the
to
Ishtar-shum-irish
king from
No.
omens
No.
126.
Letter
about
which
the
king from Balasi

king
inquired.
to
the
had
Letter to the
127.
concerning
[33-1-18,9.]
matters.
astrological
concerning certain
[82-5-22,169.]
Tim-Ashur.
king from
[79-7-8,133.]
No.
128.
Letter
the
to
king
from
Arad-Xabu
No.
[80-7-19,23.]
to the
Letter
129.
Nabu-nadin-shum
king from
religious
on
[81-2-4,49.]
matters.
No.
religious
on
matters.
Letter
130.
to the
Nabu-bani-akhi.
from
king
[81-2-4,50.]
No.
Letter
131.
Ishtar-shum-irish.
king from
to the
[81-7-27,29.]
No. 132.
to the
Letter
Marduk-shar-utsur.
from
king
[81-2-4,52.]
No.
No.
Letter to
133.
the
of the execution
him
Letter to the
134.
king
Rammau-shum-utsur,
from
ing
inform-
[81-2-4,53.]
of his orders.
king from Ashur-ritsua
publicaffairs.
on
[81-2-4,55.]
No.
Letter
135.
to
king
the
from
Kainman-shurn-utsur
[81-2-4,58.]
Arad-Ea.
No.
136.
Letter
to
report concerning the

No.
Be!-ibni
Lgttor
t""
from
the
king asking
tin-
king
from
fuller
Balasi.
[80-7-19,21.]
long foam Marduk-apil-iddina
private
on
[Rm. 67.]
$o. 189.
letter
ml
mi
[K. 95.]
affairs.
'
for
people of Pekod.
Letter to the
137.
No. 138.
No.
and
140.
lu"kv
to
tin-
king from
suppressionof
Lutter
d;i\
.
to
the
revolt.
kin-- from
Nabu-shar-ukhishu
reporting
[Rm. 78.]
lshtar*sham-irisli
ooftcerning
| Km.
73.]
GUIDE
No.
141.
Letter
No.
142.
Letter
Babylonian who
The
To
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
the
the
king-from
the
to
lias
reads
text
to
THE
lord
my
the king, my
'
(from) thy
lord.
message
into
bring me
caused
them
to bring him
and let the king, my
lord,ask
them
to take
the
on
him
the
unto
twenty-eighth day
No. 143.
the
passing-on
king
in person.
Ramman-ibni.
servant,
This
to me
Babylonian came
be delivered
mouth.
must
by my own
the palace.' Now, therefore,I have
into the presence
of the king, my
lord,
them
Let
militaryaffairs.
[K. 82.]
"
king,
Greeting unto
and
said, My
on
Ramman-ibni
to deliver to
message
Kudurru
from
king
59
GALLERY.
NINEVEH
TO
him
what
his message
lord,from the
king,my
of the month."
is. I caused
city of Saddu
[K. 498.]
king from Nabu-shum-iddina

announcing
from
Calah
mares
twenty-five
(Nimrud), Nineveh,
Dur-sharrukin
(Khorsabad).
[K. 493.]
the
and
\u.
of
Letter
144.
of the result
him
reference
No.
to
of
the ceremonies
with
to the
Letter
arrival
which
to
he
Nabu-zir-lishir
to the
ing
describcertain omens,
performed. The letter concludes
has
king
[K. 112.]
from
Nabu-ibashi
concerning public
affairs.
No.
informing
and
of
public affairs.
Letter
145.
high officialfrom
his observations
[K. 528.]
Letter
announcing
king from Nabu-shum-lishir
the success
of militaryoperations against the Babylonians, and
regrettingthe loss of a golden ring which the king had given him.
146.
the
to
[K. 509.]
No.
147.
Letter to the
king from
No.
148.
Letter
king from Na'id-ilu concerning the
of
No.
him
son
hundred
one
149.
to
the
and
twenty
Bel
ikisha.
[K. 117.]
port
trans-
[K. 146.]
mares.
Letter to the king from Raminan-shum-utsur

lating
congratuhis
and
accession
the
his
to
throne,
recommending
upon
Arad-Gula
for
appointment
an
in the
king'shousehold.
[K. 183.]
No.
150.
Letter
to
the
king from
Marduk-shuni-utsur.
[83-1-18,6.]
No.
on
151.
Report from
certain
inhabitants
militaryaffairs.
No.
152.
Letter
city'of Darata
"
to
the
king
from
[K. 186.]
Xeigal-sharrani on
religious
[82-5-22,96.]
matters.
No.
of the
153.
Letter to the
king
from
Arad-Nana.
[83-118,2.]
CO
BABYLONIAN
No.
AND
Letter
154.
No.
Letter
155.
loger,
astroan
king-from Isbtar-shum-irish,
books
the
set
ban
no
on
magical
project
consulted
him.
[K. 522.]
his
Nabii-ibashi
to
from
the
king dated
of Bel-illatua.
Eponyniy
No.
ANTIQUITIES.
the
to
him that
informing1
which
the king has
about
ASSYRIAN
Letter
156.
[82-5-22,91.]
the
to
in the
king
from
Kudurru
he has
having sent a physicianby whom
has
how
been
he
prevented
explaining
and
thanking
of
him
for
been
cured
from
tenderinghis thanks
sickness,
in person.
The
text reads
"
"
u
"
"
M
"
"
"
"
"
'"
"
'"
"
"
the
To
"
king of the world, my lord (from),

thy servant Kudurru.
May the cityof Erech and the temple E-anna be propitiousunto the
king of the world, my lord ! I pray dailyunto Ishtar the goddess
of Erech, and the goddess Nana
for (the preservation of) the life
of the king my lord.
the physician,
whom
the king my
Ikisha-aplu,
lord sent to save
hath healed
me.
May the great gods
my life,
of heaven
and earth be propitiousunto the king my lord,and may
the throne of the king my
lord in the
they stablish for ever
heavens ! For I was
and
the
dead,
king my lord hath made me to
is exceeding
live,and the kindness of the king my lord toward
me
I
the king my lord,saying, I will go and
set out to see
great.
behold the face of the king my lord ; I will go down
and 1 shall
'
!'
live indeed
But
back, saying,
me
from
the
rarried
the orders
out
I would
No. 157.
on
was
the
captain hath
palace,and
to Erech.
thou
must
Erech
brought
return
(of the
that the
road
a
officer turned
an
letter for thee
sealed
with
to
me
Erech.'
He
back
king,my
brought me
king my lord should know (this)."
[K. 81.]
lord) and
Letter
property of
No.
as
'
concerning the transport of fifty-onehorses, the

prince.
[Sm. 51.]
Letter
158.
to the
king from
Kamman-shum-utsur.
[81-2-4,69.]
No.
i
Letter
159.
li"-transport of
No.
160.
to
the
Nabu-shum-iddin
king from
horses.
Letter
to the
king from
Marduk-shum-utsur
affairs.
letter
;i
the
'"thsayurson
So, L62,
ftBMnl
N"".
"
"!'
168.
tl of
private
to the
concerning pledge
I
on
[Sm. 152.]
L61.
\".
concerning-
[82-5-22,99.]
one
or
king from Ishtar-shuni-iiish an astrologer,

compact to be entered into by all classes of
L6tfaof Nisan.
[K. 572.]
Letter t"" the king from

tick man.
Arad-N'ana
Letter
I"
hundred
the
and
king
from
Nadinu
.sixty borses in three
concerning the
[Sm. 106L]
aunoiineing t!ncompanies.
[81-2-4, 57.]
No.
No.
to the
Letter
164a.
NINEVEH
to Bel-ibni from
Letter
164.
THE
TO
GUIDE
the
from
king
king.
Marduk,
No.
high
to
the
Bel-ibni
the
from
king concerning Mushizih[67-4-2,1.]
official.
Letter
166.
concerning
[Bu. 89-4-26, 161.]
Letter
165.
[82-5-22,97.]
unknown
person
religiousmatters.
No.
fil
GALLERY.
the
to
receiptof
from
king
letter and
Nabu-nadin-shum
asking
for further
ledging
acknow-
instructions.
[K. 483.]
No.
that
Letter
167.
he has
No.
taken
of
duties
from
with
the
The
Letter
Assyria, to Sinbecame
text
queen-mother from Apia, consoling her

king, who is on a perilousexpedition,
specialprotectionof the gods.
reads
"
the mother
Bel
and
of
Nabii
May
I
propitious. Now
and length of days
the
mother
the
king-,
my
the
unto
pray
unto
of the
unto
mother
"
of good luck from

messenger
of
the
world my lord."
king
he
has
of
170.
the king, my
Letter
carried out
to the
her
lady, (from) thy servant AplA.

of the king, my
lady, be
mother
and
Nana
that health
daily unto Nabu
the king of the world, my
lord, and
king, my lady (my be given). Let the
lady, be of good cheer, for a (heavenly)
*'
No.
kin""-
the
"
;'
of
afterwards
the
to
that
assurance
the
To
"
"
who
reporting
[K. 478.]
[K. 824.]
is under
*'
Asharidu
watch.
Elam.
No. 169.
"
the
Ashur-bani-pal,king
shar-utsur, concerning Ummauigash,

of
from
queen-mother
the
over
Letter
168.
the
to
Bel
Nabu
and
beside
the
[K. 523.]
queen-mother from
wishes
walketh
the
king statingthat
in respect of the slave of Amushi.
[K. 486.]
No.
the
and
171.
recovery
the other
No.
Letter
of
to
the
king
from
Nabu-nadin-shum
Bani
rests
stating that
on
his
trust
gods.
in
his
hope
Bel, Nabu,
[K. 512.]
Despatch to Sargon II., king of Assyria, about

722-705, from Abiya-ittiya,concerning militaryaffairs in the
172.
of Elam.
173.
Letter
to the
No.
174.
Letter
to
the
king'sdaughter
praying
for her favour
and
that
No.
Letter
175.
to the
king
from
Balasi.
from
of her father.
[82-5-22,94.]
Nabu-nadin-shum
[K. 476.]
king from Nabu-shum-iddina
horses.
answer
B.C.
land
[Rm. 215.]
No.
No.
of
concerning
[83-7-19,2G.}
Letter to the
to his former
letter.
176.
king
from
Akkullanu, asking for
an
62
BABYLONIAN
The
To
"
"
"
reads
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
"
king, my lord, (from) thy servant Akkullanu.

Greeting
lord.
Nabu
and
the king, my
Marduk
be propitious
unto
May
the king, my
unto
lord, and (send) prosperityto the king, my
lord,both joy to his heart and health to his body. May the king,
to my
(former) letter."
[K. 604.]
my lord,send an answer
"
"
text
AND
No.
the
Letter
177.
the transport of
No.
from
king
Nabu-shum-iddin
concerning
[82-5-22, 172.]
eighteen horses.
Letter
178.
the
to
the
to
from
king
Nabu-nadin-shum
concerning
magical signs and portents.

No.
Letter to
of
horses.
transport
No.
the
179.
king from
Nergal-itirconcerning the
[K. 526.]
to the
Letter
180.
[K. 21.]
king
from
Ramman-shum-utsur.
[K. 167.]
No.
Letter to the
181.
king'sorders
No.
182.
have
been
Letter
to
king
Apil-ishtar,
reporting that the
from
executed.
the
[82-5-22,98.]
from
king
of the Royal Palace

dilapidation
and
Bel-ikisha, reporting the
recommending
restoration.
No.
183.
orders
for
its
[Sm. 1034.]
Part of
letter from
prince.
[Rm. 72.]
Letter to the king from Shamash-mita-niuballit

asking
for the services of a physicianon behalf of a lady of the court.
No.
184.
The
text
M
"
"
To
the
"
"Shainesh-mita-muballit.
lord,from thy servant
and
Marduk
tie
Greeting unto the king, my lord. May Nabu
and
The
unto
the
most
lord.
gracious
propitious
king, my
lady
Bau-gamillat is grievouslysick and is unable to eat. Now let the
and Bee her."
king my lord give the order for a physicianto come
"
"
reads
king,my
[82-5-22,174.]
No.
185.
the Crown
Letter
to
Letter
to the
Prince
from
affairs.
No.
186.
king
from
Nadinu,
Natsiru
private
[Bu. 91-5-9, 148.]
on
concerninghorses.
[80-7-19,25.]
No.
1H7.
Of
travelled
188.
Letter to the king from Nalm-akhi-irba,

in which
direction
the
and
the moon
an
concerning
the shadow
[83-1-18,40.]
Letter to the
king
from
Kaimn:'iii-.shuiii-iitsui\
concerns, ;$;{.]
[83-1-1.
No. 189.
Liter
to
the
forecasts.
king from Balasi,concerning
[83-1-18,37.]
GUIDE
No.
Letter
190.
THE
TO
to
the
NINEVEH
from
king
and
Tsallai
publicaffairs.
No. 191.
63
GALLERY.
another
official on
[Bu. 91-5-9, 157.]

Nabu-ram-nishi-shu
king-from
Letter to the
business.
private
on
[Bu. 91-5-9, 105.]

king- from
No.
192.
Letter to the
certain sacrificial ceremonies
have
been
Arad-Nabu, reporting that

performed.
[83-1-18,35.]
No.
king from
to the
Letter
193.
Nabu-shar-utsur
religiousmatters.
No.
Letter
194.
to
the
from
king
Nergal-sharrani,
concerning
[83-1-18,38.]
forecasts.
No.
Letter
195.
concerning
[Bu. 91-5-9, 12.]
to the
king
from
Ashur-ritsua.
[83-1-18,13.]
Table-
Case
in
directions
and
Here
F.
Sumerian
for the
exhibited
are
series
of
tablets
scribed
in-
and
Assyrian, with incantations and

performance of religiousand magicalrites
ceremonies.
Nos. 1-12.
A
series of eight tablets inscribed with Assyrian
incantations addressed
chieflyto the Fire-god by those who believed
themselves
to be under the influence of spellsand
bewitchments.
To
this series
because
the
the
the
Assyrians gave
recital
of
certain
of
name
by the burning of small figuresmade

No.
1.
First
Maklu,
ing,"
i.e.,"Burn-
incantations
of the
was
of various
panied
accom-
substances.
tablet of the
Series,containingan incantation to the

of short formulae, which
gods of the night,followed by a number
be
to
recited
for
the
removal
of
evil
effects of magic and
the
were
The tablet ends with an invocation to the Fire-god which
sorcery.
reads
"
0 Nusku, thou mighty one, thou Offspringof Anu, thou Image

of the Father, First-burn
of Bel, Produce
of the Ocean, Created
One of Ea ! I have raised on
high the torch, and I have given
"
"
"
;4
""
"
"
'"
light unto
wherewith
enchanted
"
bind
"
bi
"
magician hath
bound
thou
; with
me;
her !
the
with
The
the
woman
bind
me,
enchanted
thou
spellwherewith
hath
me,
bind
worketh
The
bound
me
with
she
The
me,
the
sorceress
hath
magic
the
witch
she hath
him
spell wherewith
who
him!
enchanted
thou
with
me
hath
bound
spell
hath
bind
spell
hath
me,
enchanted
she hath bound

spellwherewith
me, bind thou her !
the
make
of no
effect the
Fire-god,
mighty one,
may
incantations,
spellsand charms of those who have made figuresin
image, and drawn
my
picturesof my form, who have caught my
have
spittle,who
have
rent
hair, who
plucked out my
my
me
"
The
he hath
enchanted
the
me
; with
thou her !
The
sorcerer
wherewith
he hath bound
"
"
thee.
And
the
64
who
have
Whilst
the
and
"
garments
"
the dust ! "
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
hindered
ANTIQUITIES.
feet
my
passing through
in
recitingthe
suppliant
was
he burnt
above
figures or picturesof the devils and fiends called utnkku, shedu,

the Lilith of
rabisu, ekimmu, labartu,labisi,akhazu, lilu,lilitu (i.e.,
Isaiah
[K. 43
xxxiv, 14),etc.
K.
142
K.
2601.]
Series,containingincantations to
to be accompanied with the
the Fire-god,the recital of which
was
of
bronze, honey, clay, bitumen, the flower
burning of images
wax,
of sesame,
seed, lime, wood, etc. As a specimen,the followingmay
of Anu, thou
be quoted :"
0, thou mighty Fire-god, First-born
"
shining and exalted Offspring of Shalash,thou great and radiant
"
of the gods, who
givestofferingsunto
Being, thou Eternal Name
makest
the gods and the Igigi (i.e.,the Spiritsof Heaven), who
M
the Spiritsof Earth),the great gods.
(i.e.,
lightfor the Anunnaki
As
this image quivereth and
dissolveth, and melteth
the sorcerer
and sorceress
even
so
quiver and dissolve
may
away,
Whilst
the
and melt
priest was
recitingthese words
away!"
to
he burnt in the fire a bitumen
figure of the evil spiritwho was
No.
2.
of the
Tablet
Second
"
"
"
"
"
[K. 2455
be exorcised.
No.
3.
Third
Tablet
charms
witches, and
spellswhich
the
against
3936.]
Series, containing exorcisms
the
of
K.
they
cast
upon
of
men.
thou
followingis an example of them :" " 0 witch, whosoever
uttereth
whose
heart conceiveth
misfortune,
art, whose
tongue
my
and
in
whose
whose
poison
footsteps
lips
spellsagainst me,
me,
death standeth, 1 ban thy mouth, I ban thy tongue, I ban
thy
The
glittering
eyes, I ban thy swift feet,I ban thy toilingknees, I ban
And
the Moon-god
thy laden hands, I bind thy hands behind.
may
thee
into
of
and
he
cast
the Lake
(Sin) destroy thy body,
may
Nos.
Fourth
4-5.
against those
ceremonies
No.
of
6.
which
ceremonies
[K. 2728
of Fire !"
and
Water
and
spellscast
[K.
2454
performed
Tablet
Fifth
inflict harm
can
of the
againstwitches
No.
a
9.
similar
M.
10
8,
Sixth
and
his
upon
K. 2984
of all the incantations
of
means
image.
78, K. 2956.]
K. 31
K.
3170
o\'
K.
sonic
magical
5071.]
Tablet of the Series,containing incantations
[KK. 289
Tablet
of
the
2595
1
,
2978
Series,containing
Eighth
in the
Tablet
work.
2982.]
incantations
[K.K. 2950
character.
12.
1776.]
by
man
the
sorceresses.
Seventh
and
Sm.
during
performance
plant3played a prominent part.
wherein
7 and
upon
[K. 2544
Nos.
Series,containingincantations,
recited
were
1768
of the Series, containingincantations
Tablet
who
Sm.
of
2966.
Series,containing a list
[KK. 2961, 8120, s"";!3.]
of the
66
BABYLONIAN
believed
were
others
to
ASSYRIAN
in the
follow
to
used
were
AND
to
secure
ANTIQUITIES.
of
train
eclipse of the
an
supplianta
of
return
moon
the favour
of
disease, and
goddess ;
from
evil
and
the
influences of
a man
spells
spirits.Many of
the
these prayers
are
accompanied by rubrical directions concerning'
of
and
of
and
the making
instructions for
seasons
offerings
prayer,
the performance of ceremonies.
his god
others
or
warded
off sickness
and
freed
No.
Prayers to be said
accompanying ceremonies.
for
to the
22.
K.
No.
No.
of
in honour
performed
Prayers
2i.
gods
the
to
Aim,
[K.'
2106
25.
Prayers
Prayers
26.
etc.]
3208,
to the
6340
Nebo.
god
the
to
Sin, Ba'u.
Nusku,
K.
and
etc.]
+
+ K. 3352
+ K. 10265.]
140
8751
goddess Tashmitu.
to the
and
Moon-god
K. 3393,
[K.
K.
No.
8496
recited and
Shamash.
No.
K.
regulationsfor ceremonies to be
the god Merodach.
[K. 163 + K. 218.]
Prayers to be
23.
directions
and
gods Ramman,
27-41
+
[K.
[K. 155.]
No.
28.
No.
62fc.
[K.
No.
626,
in which
mankind
their stand
able
"
son
prince of heaven
created, speak thou
was
hy
petitionunto
""
which
of
powers
the
and
beeauso
eclipseof
evil
evil
""
""
bindelh
n.
e,
whatsoever
"
m\
id
head;
do
unto
away
668-
B.C.
K.
6598.]
my
May
b"'t me
the
my
and
favourable
bow down
me
the
from
bet
goddess of
unto
me!
and extol
my
the evil
hostilityof
the
in my
disease, and
and
because
an
liftingup of my
the s\n^l\
which
averted any evil

good spiritbe ever
lie
let there
life,
d the
palaceand
body
tree
ai
I make
uuchan
and
I'avour-
because
the
in my
in my
are
Accept,thou
prayer,
.sin,and
gcd
thee,
are
me
servant
Ashuntu.
sin
set
giant
and
itehmeiit
command
let the gods bake
whose
thy
unto
moon
which threateneth
Ashuritn]be
amandl
my
the
portents
hew
transgression and iniquityand

unto
d spectreis bound
me.
hand, giveheed
aud
goddess
praise
at
and
cause
my
of my
""
earth,
the word
thou
I ascribe
and
heaven
ami
""land;
""
thee and
followeth
and
I, Ashur-bani-pal,
am
For
god Ashur,
my
*'
""
Plead
thee.
judgment.
of
Assyria,
2S36
389;;.]
"
the
h'amman,
"k
K.
of Asluir-liani-pal,
king of Assyria. B.O. 668prayer
the
contained
is
following interesting petition:
29.
of
Ashur-bani-pal,king
of
prayer
goddess Ishtar.
[K. 2396
to the
Assyiian prayer
27.
mankind
Lei
me
Ashur
["".".,
live
by thy
ihy greatness!"
[K. "808 + K. 9190.]
TO
GUIDE
No.
Sumerian
of
Assyrian with
and
numbered
produce
Nos.
81
Copies
32.
2507
Case
G.
Incantations, and
Accadian
No.
"
'"
Accadian
Who
Thy
in
ground
alone
Thou
and
the
known
reacheth
know
"
reignty
"
brethren
"
whose
will and
is
who
and
who
none
par Is
can
upon
is like
of
Incantations
to be
performance
K. 3302.]
5154.]
K.
Assyrian
"
Who
is
supreme.
Thy will is made
createth
thy powerful
heaven
and
thee.
before
low
kiss the
thereof
spirits
word
lations.
trans-
right
and
ordinance
Who
earth.
dispute it? 0 Lord, thy eoveAmong the gods thy

unto
thee,0, thou king of kings
and
whose
divinityis unsurearth !
inscrutable
judgments are
passed."
[K. 2861 + K. 4999
3a.
with
bow
the
and
mankind,
heaven
there
5015
supreme.
Thy mighty
the uttermost
thy
art
and
translations.
alone art
earth and
upon
justice for
is in
K.
spiritsthereof
thee
unto
Thou
....
ordaineth
No.
same
the Sumerian
will illustrate its contents:
heaven
before
to
2423
with Assyrian
[K. 3580 +
the Moon-god
in heaven
will is made
"
"
hymn
is supreme
earth
on
supreme
known
can
in Accadian
followingextract
"
"
[K.
Incantations
No. 3.
"
the
Litanies
directions for the
and
ceremonies.
No. 2.
The
and
Assyrian Prayers, Hymns,

BilingualReligiousTexts in
Assyrianlanguages.
Incantations,prayers,
1.
of certain
"
3255, etc.]
[KK. -4870,2968.]
Table
"
believed
were
tablet of
series.
or
who
sixteenth
the
in
and
against evil spirits,
incantations
of
inscribed
series
[KK.
and
67
GALLERY.
to the celestial and terrestrial powers

and to remove
sickness and disease.
invocations
to
NINEVEH
fifth tablet
The
30.
THE
K.
5068
K.
5297.]
recited for the benefit of sick
people.
[K. 191.]
No. 4.
Alliterative
hymn in Assyrianin
form
the
of
an
acrostic.
[D.T.83.]
No. 5.
The
the
Alliterative
initial and
[K. 8304.]
sentence.
same
No.
hymn in Assyrian in the form of an acrostic.

final syllablesof the lines,read downwards,
form
6.
Prayer
to
the
the evil effects caused
Nos. 7, 8, and
inscribed
9.
in unusual
by
A
gods Ka, Shaniash,
eclipseof the
an
of
group
Assyrian
Shaniash, the Sun-god.
king
of
Assyria,from
b.c.
They
661
of unusual
events
political
date
to B.C.
from
the
against
[K. 3859.]
moon.
with
characters,
of questions concerningcurrent
to
tablets
Marduk
and
size
and
form
and
a number
prayers
in Assyria addressed
reign of Esarhaddon,
668.
[KK. 195, 83-1-18, 697,
and
82-5-22, 175.]
r
08
BABYLONIAN
Xos.
10 and
ASSYRIAN
AND
Assyrian hymn
11.
ANTIQUITIES.
[KK.
No.
to the
Assyrian prayer
12.
god Nabfi (Xebo).
to the
+ 3193 + Sm.
2361
Sun-god.
+ Sm.
[Sin.787
Copy of a
the son
Ashur-nasir-pal,
No.
the goddess
addressed to
prayer
of Shamshi-Ramman,
13.
389.]
of
949.]
Ishtar
by
Assyria,from
king
Royal Library at
the
Nineveh
by
Ashur-bani-pal. The followingwill illustrate Assyrian royal prayers:
the queen
of
extract
"Unto
the gods, into whose
hands are committed
the behests of the great
gods, unto the Lady of Nineveh, the queen of the gods, the exalted
of the
the daughter of the Moon-god, the twin-sister
one, unto
ruleth all kingdoms, unto
the Goddess
of
Sun-god, unto her who
who
the world
determineth
and
decrees, unto the Lady of heaven
merciful
earth who
receiveth
the
Goddess
unto
supplication,
B.C.
885
to
This copy was

order of king
made
860.
b.c.
for the
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
who
"
righteousness,I make
"
fusion
is
"
before
thee.
"
let thine
"
"
"
"
hearkeneth
Incline
thine
which
mountains
no
loveth
prayer, who
whom
all conto
which
sorrows
see
I lament
of lamentation
words
unto
ear
Ishtar
my
sorrowful
and
knoweth
man
without underwas
Moreover
the people
prayed
thy majesty.
not
recognize and did not accept thy divinity.
thou, 0 Ishtar,thou mighty Queen of the gods, by the lifting'
standing and
"
of
"
But
"
up of thine eyes
Thou
didst take
not
to
Assyria did
"
Door
"
name!
grief.
be
heart
"
"
prayer
The
my
of
cause
receiveth
unto
opened unto my
speech. Turn thy
face unto me, 0 Lady, so that by reason
thereof the heart of thy
the sorrowful
be made
servant
strong! I, Ashur-nasir-pal,
may
who
beloved
thine humble
servant
am
I,
by thee, make
one, am
;
adore
I
and
born in
thee
unto
was
thy divinity
offerings
"the
"
entreaty, who
unto
didst
me
teach
didst
and
desire my
didst
mountains,
didst
thou, 0 Ishtar,
and
of the
for thou
me,
the
from
make
rule.
me
the
make
Peoples,
great my
As concerning that for which thou art wroth
with
Let
be
thine
and
let
me
forgiveness.
appeased,
anger
me, grant
me."
thine heart be mercifullyinclined towards
[81-2-4,188.]
No.
Accadian
14.
hymn
to the
goddess
Ishtar
with
translation.
No.
king
Prayers
Assyria,n.c.
15.
of
addressed
to
the
'j;m\ Who
668-626* and the
answers
thereto
Noi
Of the year.
Assyrian
The
copy
of
I lemerology
document
original
was
[Sm.
U54.]
by Ashtir-liani-pal.
by the god
[K. 1285.]
""f Aahur-bani-pal,
king of
Inscription
offerings.
concerning
17.
Assyrian
returned
16.
an
for the
.Assyria,
[K.
twelve
b.c.
891.]
months-
preserved at Nippur.
[liu.88-5-12,-11.]
GUIDE
Nos.
18 and
of
Tablets
19.
XIXEVEH
THE
TO
69
GALLERY.
under
the class described
No
7.
[KK. 11440, 11477.]

No.
Tablet
20.
n.c.
No.
Assyria,from
of
of
Addresses
No. 23.
the
to the
hymn
K. 5459
Accadian
Esarhaddon, king of
goddess Ishtar.
[K. 4310.]
K.8232
to
encouragement
from
681-668,
Assyrian
22.
668
b.c.
[K. 1268.]
21.
K. 3312
7, 8, 9, etc.,inscribed
626.
Assyria, b.c.
No.
Nos.
class to
similar
Ashur-bani-pal,king
of
during the reign

to
of
K. 9699
K. 3187
K. 10587
Sm.
311.]
translations.
Assyrian
with
incantations
[K. 3182
Sun-god.
[K. 3169.]
No.
be
performed
for the benefit
directions for ceremonies
and
Incantations, prayers,
24.
of sick
boys.
[K. 3628
No.
of
Part
2".
tablet
with
inscribed
to the
Assyrianhymn
"copiedfrom
an
old
No. 28.
Hymns
No.
Accadian
29.
with
No.
partly
No.
be
Copy
30.
K.
3474
K.
8233
Sm.
to the
[K. 256
interlinear
Sun-god.
incantations
performed
No.
with
Assyrian
collection
of
and
Accadian
No. 34.
List of
and
an
ancient
penitentialprayer
be made
litanywith
an
with
Rm.
110.]
tion.
Assyrian transla[K. 1296.]
an
to certain
Assyrian
to
Sun-god, with
to the
[K. 4872
offeringsto
ceremonies
[K. 4023.]
[K.
Accadian
for
directions
incantations
days.
No. 35.
from
people.
translations.
No. 33.
5025.]
K.
[K. 2529.]
for the benefit of sick
hymns
3203.]
translations.
made
prayers
-j-K.
original.
Accadian
32.
Assyrian
Incantations,prayers,
31.
372.]
original.
of
effaced
3232.]
138
2869
*[K.
end
4009.]
Assyrian translations,
[K. 257 + K. 2997.]
hymn
Accadian
27.
K.
Sun-god.
[K.
No.
incantations.
[K.
No. 26.
to
1362
gods
on
K.
certain
1923.]
translation.
[K. 2811.]
No. 36.
Accadian
hymn
with
an
Assyrian translation.
[K. 2485
No.
37.
series of
Portions
of
religioustexts.
hymn forming the

[K. 2862 + K.
K.
tablet
eleventh
2868
3898.]
Rm.
of
111.]
70
BABYLONIAN
No.
AND
Incantations
38.
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
directions for ceremonies.
and
[K. 2587.]
No.
Assyrian
39.
in the form
prayers
[K.
No. 40.
Incantations
arranged
of
2789
for
litany.
K. 4964
K.
496C]
liturgical
purposes.
[K. 132.]
is exhibited
Here
H.
Table-Case
collection
of
Omen
of which
contain
belonging to different series,some
of
Omen
Tablets
the
astrologicalforecasts.
By means
and
Babylonian
Assyrian priestsfrom time immemorial
which
events
predicted
they believed would happen in the
in the remote
future.
their omens
or
near
They deduced
Tablets
and
the appearance
actions of animals, birds,fish,and
the appearance
of the entrails of sacrificial
reptiles
; from
and
condition of human
and
victims; from the appearance
from
animal
offspringat
various
members
birth
of the
exhibited
by sick men
took place in
which
form
from
the
state
and
from
state
body
visions
from
condition
of
and
king
symptoms
actions
or
of
or
king and
the
chances
the
of
of
his
of the
night; from the

fire,flame, light or smoke ;
cities and
their streets, and
predicted
may
fall
his
and
death, pestilence
to
events
one
of lands, fields,
The
events
marshes, rivers,etc.
Tablets
refer chieflyto evils wnich
by the Omen
upon
of
condition
the
from
the various
life of
and
shadow
man's
human
the
dreams
subjects;from
of
the
from
people and country, such as sickness,

famine, drought,inundation,etc.; and
and
prosperity
well-beingof
crops
and
farm-stock.
Forecasts
wore
Astrological
grouped in a
Tablets.
similar manner
to the Onum
Tiny were
predicted
and moon,
of the
of the sun
from Hie positions
from eclipses
planetsand other stars, from observations of meteors and
shooting stars, from the direction of the wind, from storms,
and
weather of all kinds,from the shape,form, colour,and
from
thunder
and
of clouds,
and lightning. The
movements
similar to the deductions
made
from
events
were
predioted
omens.
So,
i.
Omens
derived
the appearance
from
of
bouse,etc.
v..
j.
Omens
derives
from
Dan,
observations
of
sacrificia]
[K. 4125.]
victims.
No. 3.
the
in a
scorpions
[K.8974.]
Omens
dsrived
from
the condition of the ears of a siok

[K. 4060 + 8m. .r"f"2.]
GUIDE
No. 4.
Omens
THE
TO
derived
NINEVEH
from
the
71
GALLERY.
which
events
city.
take
place in
3833.]
[K.
3811
K.
[K.
2128
K.
5.
Omens
derived from
snakes.
No. 6.
Omens
derived
the bites of horses, asses, etc.

[K. 3880 + K. 0819.]
No.
Omens
derived
No.
7.
from
the actions
from
of various
4098.]
animals.
[K. 4038.]
No.
8.
Omens
No.
9.
Omens
smoke
No.
which
concerning-palaces.
Omens
10.
the human
body.
No.
Omens
11.
derived
arises
from
derived
[K. 4030.]
from
the
burnt
offering'.
from
observation
the
fire and
the
of
[K. 3821].
condition
of
certain
parts of
[K. 3826,]
derived
from
other animals.
the births of lions and
[K.
No.
12.
Omens
concerning-publicaffairs.
No.
13.
Omens
concerning the chances
+" Rm.
3970
233.]
[K. 159.]
of the lives of
men.
[K. 3554.]
No.
14.
Omens
derived
from
water.
No.
15.
Omens
derived
from
the
children.
No.
10.
stung by
No.
[K.
Omens
a
17.
and
3985
K.
[K. 4094a.]
of the
state
6690
K.
prescriptionsto
be
11202
used
8m. 241.]
by
when
man
[Rm. II, 149.]
scorpion.
Omens
of yew-born
bodies
derived
from
the
Jlutteringsof
bird.
[K. 4001.]
No.
king
18.
whilst
Omens
derived from
drivingin
[K.
No.
19.
Omens
incidents
that
happen
may
to
the
his chariot.
3886
derived
K. 6479
from
K.
7211
Sm.
1116.]
the birth of monstrosities.
[K. 3966.]
20.
Omens
derived
from
water.
No. 21.
the hair.
Omens
derived
from
the
No.
No.
l/2.
No.
22a.
[K. 3980
K.
length,colour,and condition of
[K. 3950.]
Omens
Omens
derived
derived
from
from
observations
the
of the
flightof a biid.
[K. 3892.]
births of deforced
22b.
children,
[K. 3688.]
twins, etc.
No.
6399.]
Omens
derived
from
the condition
of the
king'sbow.
[K. 3880.]
72
BABYLONIAN
23.
The
following extract
"
"
When
lion,there
When
"'
"
will be
beareth
woman
child
of the prince shall be
days
child
with
mighty king in the
of this tablet:
will illustrate the contents
beareth
woman
births.
from
derived
Omens
No.
ANTIQUITIES.
ASSYRIAN
AND
an
"
[likethat]of
ear
land.
with
wanting, the
rightear
its
long.
its ears
child with both
beareth
When
a
wanting
a
woman
in the land and
the country shall be
there shall be destruction
"
"
"
diminished.
11
"
house
"
*'
right hand,
When
No.
come
hath
derived
take
Omens
25.
six
hath
upon
army."
the
concerning fields
mouth
and
No. 28.
\o.
29.
kingand
No.
derived
the
from
shape
and
and
Omens
derived
from
Omens
derived
from incidents
medical
the actions of
which
for the twelve
[ K.
Omens
derived
No.
32.
Omens
concerningdogs.
in the
M
'"
Winn
ii
extract
gates
a
the
t"-x t
8944.]
K.
277.]
"
there
palace,
will be destructi
"
I hereof.
entereth
piebaldi\'""^
peace
with
the
palace thai palace (i.e.,
its foee.
;i
"\""xentereth
palace and
palacewill enjoj an abundance of peace.
When
the
[K. 1017.]
dreams.
I'nmi
yellow dog entereth
king)will make
"
""
win
an
from
to
the year,
of
months
31.
followingis
happen
may
driving.
No.
"
"
the
pigs.
[Bo.91-5-9, 213.]
[K. 32
The
of
[K. 8962.]
prescriptions.
companions whilst
Omens
30.
might
[K. 39G1.]
Omens
his
4033.]
condition
nose.
N"". 27.
K.
[K. 9284.]
Omens
2G.
right
of the weather.
3919
place therein.
No.
its
on
the incidents which
and
its
[K. 2007.]
observations
from
fingers on
six toes
hath
[K.
No.
mouth, the
no
the house.
child which
shall overtake
Forecasts
24.
which
child which
beareth
foot,destruction
child
shall
misfortune
woman
small,the house
are
shall die.
beareth
woman
ears
born) shall tall into ruin.
the house
child whose
small
shall be
born)
beareth
woman
of
When
beareth
child is
right ear, the

destroyed.
child with
the child is
woman
the
When
"
"
mistress
"
li
(wherein
When
beareth
woman
(wherein
"
When
someone
Uillelh
it, that.
71
BABYLONIAN
ASSYRIAN
AND
ANTIQUITIES.
No.
18.
Astrologicalforecasts,etc.
No.
49.
Astrologicalforecasts
[K. 2246
planet.
No.
K. 2094
-+-
Astrologicalforecasts
etc.
clouds,eclipses,
50.
Sun, the
Table-Case
of tablets
inscribed
believed
were
to
specimens chosen
No.
No.
2.
No.
3.
the
star
No.
4.
man
of
the
[K. 3764.]
exhibited
are
an
series of
classes of
of
an
making astrological
[K. 8538.]
for
[Sm. 162.]
Assyrian astrolabe.
Clay amulet in the form of a cylinderseal,which belonged

and is inscribed with an incantation
Shamash-killani,
Kaksidi.
[85-4-8, 1.]
Lists of
largestin the
No.
5.
and
names
Nineveh
Tablet
intended
was
No.
C.
are
No.
7.
are
This
gods
titles of various
inscribed
the
with
for purposes
Assyrian catalogue
here given.
of
name
the
female
year of the reign of

This tablet was
worn
of identification.
of
is the
[K. 4349.]
collection.
Khipa, and dated in the eleventh

iddina,king of Babylon, B.C. 710.
which
3014.]
called
to
which
K.
observations
from
taken
Assyrian astrolabe or instrument

aud for castingnativities.
Fragment
to
and
K. 3605
stylesof writing employed in the documents

found
in the Royal Library at Nineveh.
were
1.
the
tablets, and
calculations
K. 3578
of
observations
from
of tablets,and
labels for groups
to illustrate the various sizes and
tablets,Assyrian
which
derived
important collection
with mythological legends,texts which
catalogues of
magical powers,
possess
Here
I.
[K. 213.]
Omen
tablets,
[K. 2235
Assyrian catalogue of Omen

here given.
+ K.
the
2958
slave
Marduk-palby Khipa
[K. i"787.]
first lines
+ K.
of
4376.]
tablets,the first lines of
[K. 1352.]
inscribed
library,
and
Omen
scries of Astrological
the titles of two
with
the
tablets which
tunned
WOCltt described by them
tablets. The
laid upon shelves,and these labels were
were
placedin front of the
K.
[(8), 1589, (9),K. l LOOi]
groups to which they referred
Nos.
8 and
Assyrian labels
'.".
from
the
Nineveh
of the Eagle the

ii contain part of the Story
10 and
the
The
Eagle having destroyed
pent, and the Sun-god.
asked
and
the
to
brood, the Serpent appealed
Sun-god
Serpent's
told him
him to snare
the Kagle in his net ; the Sun-godin answer
ins
the
how
to catch the bird himself. Acting on
advice,
Serpent
hid in li
to
fof the Eagle tO come
of an OX, and wailed
advice
the
of one
of bis young,
devour it. Contraryto the
Eagle
Nos.
"
TO
GUIDE
down
swooped
the
rend
wings
the
on
him
feathers,cast
on
of
text
Cast
12.
obtained
Presented
hunger
and
1547).]
K.
2527, (.11),
\V. T.
Dr.
(Nineveh) by
Williams
in
1846.
Philadelphia,U.S.A.,
Esq., of
Williams.
Talcott
by
to
off his
torn
die of
Mosul
at
having
and
mountain
beginning to
was
fragment of a tablet inscribed with part of the

Legeud.
(See Nos. 13-1 G.) The originalwas
of
Etana
the
he
as
K.
[(10),
thirst.
No.
and
ox,
the
75
GALLERY.
Serpent caught him,
the
carcase,
and
stood
and
NINEVEH
THE
1896.
Nos.
describe
13-16
hero
The
heaven
end
of
risingfrom
appeared to be as
mountain
sea
the
at
of the
end
the
the
the
as
end
girdle and
flightthe
of
to
up
the
lasted two
appeared like a
which
the
like
the
flight
second
the land
to enclose
looked
sea
of
earth
flight the
; at
sea
small
third
first
carried
was
Eagle.
the
with
heaven
to
Eagle'sneck,
each
flights,
three
in
Anu
god
the
At
journey
the
clingingto
Etana,
of the
hours.
Etana's
garden
to flyup
; and
ditch.
to the
period of rest Etana and the Eagle seek
dwelling of Ishta, but the Eagle becoming exhausted
stops in his
flightand falls. The rest of the story is wanting.
[(13),70-7-8,
K.
Km.
Km.
LSI) +
2, 454, (14),
8563, (15),
522, (16), K. 3651.]
After
'
No.
Fragment
17.
of the
of
Legend
the hero
Etana.
[K. 8578.]
No.
Tablet
18.
of the
power
No.
inscribed
hero
text
in
praiseof
glory and
[K. 2606.]
the
Etana.
Fragment
19.
with
of the
of
Legend
[79-7-8, 43.]
Etana.
The god Zu coveted the

god Zu.
Bel was
at
one
sun-rise,when
morning
sovereignty
his
taking his seat upon his throne and arranging his crown
upon
it
carried
off
and
to
Zu
seized
o
f
the
the
gods
head,
destiny-tablet
of the
the gods hear
When
his mountain, where he hid himself.
find
them
and
Ann
to
the god
theft they grieve greatly,
appealsto
a
champion that will do battle with Zu on their behalf; the god
and several other gods
Kamnian
is chosen, but he refuses
to fight,
The
No. 20.
of
do likewise.
Legend
of the
Bel, and
The
rest
of the story is
wanting.
[K. 3454
No.
barra,
so
of
many
the
and
goddess lshtar wept

just and the unjust alike.
22.
last
contains
of
the
Erech, that
the
No.
and
inhabitants
the
Babylon
and
The
Ura, the p'ague god.
or
K.
3935.]
legend of Dibthat this god slew

text records
cluding
cities
of Babylonia,invarious
Assyrian with
inscribed in
Tablet
21.
the
wrath
of
the
Marduk
was
roused,
at their destruction,for Dibbarra
slew
[K. 2619.]
Assyrian with the text of the fifth

It
sections
of the legend of Dibbarra, the plague god.
his
after
him
the
which
of
addressed
to
were
god
praises
Tablet
inscribed
in
76
BABYLONIAN
wrath
had
god
been
AND
ANTIQUITIES.
ASSYRIAN
with
appeased, and concludes

and
to preserve
those
favour
promise
themselves
devote
who
the
honour.
Nos.
to
the
of
do him
[K. 1282.]
Portions
23-25.
leg-endsrelatingto
of
inscribed
tablets
Dibbarra, the
Assyrian with
in
plague god.
[(23)K. 3887, (24) K. 8571, (25) 79-7-8, 36.]

Nos.
the
26
and
fifth section
objectswere
of
hung
off attacks
The
plague god.
text
about
states
B.C.
of
text
These
ward
650, to
plague god
that the
and
had decided to destroy the world,
angry
his purpose
and pacifiedby the god Ishum.
have the words
which the god himself spake,and
lira,was
turned
was
from
Following
this
these
be thus
may
in Nineveh
in houses
up
of the
Dibbarra,or
but he
inscribed
with the
clay amulets
the legend of Dibbarra, the plague god.
Baked
27.
we
"Whosoever
rendered:
(among
{rods)shall
the
Whosoever
in his shrine.
sing my praises,shall find abundance
the
four
shall
rule
shall
(among kings)
quarters
magnify my name
of the world.
shall proclaim the glory of my
Whosoever
might,
shall
chant
shall be without
who
foe.
The
(thissong),
a
singer
shall not die in the pestilence,
and his word
shall gratifyprinceand
noble.
The
scribe
who
and
I will open
the
peoples,wherein
house
his
wherein
shall
leain
he
shall
this tablet
is
Avisdom
upon
No.
28.
[(20)Bu. 91-5-9,-186
Tablet
Nebuchadnezzar,
\o.
29.
concerning
No.
30.
an
inscribed
of
(27) Bu.
Assyrian with
Babylonian king.
in
Assyrian with
Zfl and
Ashakku.
of clay
shall
peace
Sha-ba-l
maker of thin
NOi
neb
"
mythological legend
[K. 3476.]
table! inscribed in Assyrian with the legend
[K. 3641.]
hearingimpressionsof five Sassuni.in seals.

[51-9-2, 84.]
J *^7
| I f lilil^fcfrU
"beautiful
"//"////"/,
i 1 11
prayer
tablet is the largeslfound on
Nineveh,
.
rest
91-5-9,-174.]
82.
cartouche,etc, read:
stroke
legend concerning
[K. 3-126.]
San-god
tin-
Piece
206,
it,and
in
gods Marduk,
Portion
destruction,the
the
Clay seal impression bearing in hieroglyphics
700.
titlesof Shabaka (Sabaoo),
king of Egypl aboul b.o.
No.
and
ancient
Tablet
the
of the foi Mud

S'o. 31.
inscribed
enemy.
unto
be angry,
and the god hninabi
would
cause
of the pestilenceshall not draw
nigh unto
it."
his
from
him) in the shrine of

continually. The
proclaim my name
though the god Dibbarra
placed,even
give
{i.e.,
ear
it.shall escape
-"2"-
Dame
The
neter
god, Shabaka, the Lord, the

[5'19 2, 48.]
incantation. The writing on this

from
the Royal Libraryat
documents
and
[K. 148.]
GUIDE
No.
of
34.
THE
tablet
of
Portion
The
religionscharacter.
found
Incantation
No. 35.
this tablet
on
paradigms
is the smallest
Royal Library at Nineveh.

[Rm. 612.]
Accadian
tablet.
with
prayer
interlinear
an
[K. 44.]
inscribed with
Accadian
an
interlinear Assyrian translation.
Tablet
3G.
Ninib, with
an
No.
37.
Tablet
No.
38.
Assyrian prayer
dominions
and
containing-grammatical
translation.
Assyrian
No.
77
GALLERY.
writing
the
from
documents
on
NINEVEH
TO
of
inscribed
with
Assyrian
an
hymn
to
the
god
[K. 133.]
penitential
psalm.
[K. 254.]
to the
Sun-god on behalf
Ashur-bani-pal,
king of Assyria,u.e.
of the
Palace
668-626.
[K. 11478.]
No.
39.
Babylonian
No.
and
Tablet
inscribe:!
Assyrian hymn
an
tablet.
The
contains
text
prayers.
Tablet
No. 41.
No.
42.
This
No.
43.
inscribed
Clay model
object was
Part
of
with
of
the
hoof
of
an
probably employed
text
omen
an
ox
in
No.
inscribed
the
"
Baked
45.
clay amulet
illustrated
inscribed
Story
with
an
with
geometrical
4G.
of
incantation
to the
these
are
Etana," and
of
mythologicallegends and other

mentioned
the
Story of Gilgamesh,"
the "Story of the Pox.'"
[K. 9717.]
"
Assyrian catalogue of mythological legends and other
works.
No.
casts.
fore-
[Rm. II, 2G3.]
Assyrian catalogue
Among
No.
with
magical ceremonies.
[Rm. G20.]
Ishtar.
works.
[K. 6G.]
[K. 2087.]
44.
goddess
in
magical formula
[K. 72.]
Assyrian prayer.
an
figures.
No.
written
[K. 128.]
Incantation
40.
with
characters.
[Sm. 669.]
47.
works.
Assyrian catalogue of various literary
[Em. 150.]
Nos.
48
and
49.
Rough
drafts
of
the
texts
of the
Epigraphs
the bas-reliefs {e.g.,

No. 90 in the Assyrian Saloon)
inscribed upon
in the palace of Ashur-bani-pal,king of Assyria, about
668"
B.C.
G2G.
[(48)Sm. 1350, (49) K. 4453 + K. 4515.]
No. 50.
works.
Assyrian catalogue
of
mythologicallegends and other

[Rm. 618.]
78
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
No.
51.
Assyrian incantations.
No.
52.
Historical
The
relates
text
tablet written
contract
here
take
the
No.
Assyrian contract
of a cylinder-seal.
Grammatical
55.
No.
tablet.
added
been
have
Glosses
by
the
Astrological
report
57.
pressions
674, bearing-im-
b.c.
and
Paradigms
tablet.
Grammatical
56.
List
of
short
56 + K.
3195.]
explanations.
[K. 26.]
scribe.
tablet.
K.
60+
with
words
Assyrian
sentences.
[Bu 91-5-9,-14.]
Assyrian contract tablet,written in the seventh century

[K. 301.]
bearing three impressions of an oval seal.
No.
B.C.,
No.
58.
59.
addressed
Assyrian letter written

to the king by Bel-ibni.
letter addressed
No.
60.
Assyrian
No.
61.
List of the
of the
names
in
the
No.
Omen
62.
[K. 10.]
to the
king by Mar-Ishtar.
[Bu 91-5-9,-183.]
of
owners
certain
estates, and
[79-7-8, 309.]
tablet.
Tablet
N"". 63.
character
Babylonian
their households.
of
335.]
[K. 285.]
[K.
No.
2669.]
346 + 83-1-18,
written
tablet
restoration
221 + K.
impressions.
[K.
No. 54.
6680.]
694; the nail marks
b.c.
seal
place of
the
to
[K.
Assyrian
53.
of the witnesses
+ K.
[K. 2832
temples.
of certain
No.
tablet.
ANTIQUITIES.
[K. 149.]
inscribed in
Assyrian with
legaldecision.
[K. 279.]
No.
Tablet
64.
inscribed with Omens
taken from
larger work.
[K. 116.]
No.
Mythological
Accadian
65.
text
with
Assyrian
an
lation.
trans-
[K. 2003.]
No.
the
(',";.
effect
Portion
of
the
Shuznhu.
of a letter from
intense heat to which it
This
and
EgyptianGallery,
doorway
left-hand
Rooms, throughwhich
""n
irnehed,
throughthe
ascende, the
Northern
Xor/h-irest
the
top laudim/ lends
the
and
Babylonian
shows
subjected at the
was
Library at Nineveh,
burningof Ashnr-bani-pal's
[ '/'//-"visitor passes
tablet
[K. L8071.]
doorway of the
Smi/eaxe.
to
the
The
Egyptian
AssyrianRoom
is
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
GUIDE
ASSYRIAN
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
7i)
ROOM.
ROOM.
arranged a large and important collection
and the miscellaneous
from Babylonia
of inscribed antiquities
historical Assyrian
smaller
antiquitiesfrom Assyria (i.e.,
objectsof the later periods of
etc.),includingmany
cylinders,
In this
are
room
Cyrus, B.C.
Persian
538, the
until the
country
reign
to
Persian
later
power
of Alexander,
series
there
arc;
the dominion
by
overthrown
and
of
among
also
of Alexander
the
Romans
such
few
tablets.
Empire
This
under
national
and
chronological.On
the
lished
estab-
was
was
in
and
his
empire
Trajan
I.,of the
Artaxerxes
was
In
the Macedonian
and
native
both
the
the
tablets
finallydestroyed by
Persian, Dynasty, about
New-Sassanian, or
is as far
The
arrangement of the antiquities
successors,
Of
330.
B.C.
remains
inscribed
great
Of
deeds, and other legal documents.
are
Dynasty of the Seleucidie,the Parthian

by Mithradates, about B.C. 147.
its turn
dominion.
Babylonian Empire by
held
possession of the
principalBabylonian
collections
Museum
with trade contracts,
Alexander's
the
conquest
period the
succession
of
overthrow
the
After
Sasanian
and
Persian, Greek, Parthian, Roman
left,or
a.D.
as
22(".
possible
Northern,
in Wall-cases 1-22, is exhibited

side of the room,
fine series
a
of bricks, gate-sockets,boundary-stones,memorial
tablets,
portionsof sculpture,etc.,inscribed in early and

early and late Assyrian,Elamite, Vannic,
and
Scythiancuneiform
B.C.
4500
the
room,
to
B.C.
characters.
On
340.
in AVall-cases
the
They
right,or
late
lonian,
Baby-
old Persian,
range from about
Southern
side of
23-44, will be found
large and
Babylonian, Assyrian, Vannic, (J reek,

Roman
Parthian, and
objects and vessels,and figures in
other
materials,
bronze, alabaster, glass, terra-cotta, and
from
about
1000
for
the
most
to A.D. 400.
B.C.
dating
part
and
I
In Table-cases
are
A, B, C, E, G,
arranged large
series of Babylonian royal letters, lists of estates
piled
comof
and
for purposes
commercial
legal
revenue,
historical inscriptions
of kings
case-tablets," votive and
of Babylonia,tablets relatingto history,
chronology,religion
and magic, mythology, grammar,
cartographyand astronomy,
varied
collection
of
"
from
about
B.C.
4500
to
about
B.C.
100.
In
Table-case
80
are
the
1450
; in
el-Amarna
Tell
Table-cases
cylindersof
about
1100
the
written
be
will
smaller
series of miscellaneous
inscribed
300
Pehlevi
in the
from
Assyrian
Babylonian,
of
I and
character,dating
J is
of
some
gems,
the lower
from
large
which
are
about
A.D.
1300.
to A.D.
Wall-
Sassanian
famous
miscellaneous
in Table-cases
and
B.C.
ruled
examples
is displayedin
cylinder-seals
Persian
part of Table-case
the
who
antiquities;fine collection of
a
Assyrian and
about
found
Assyrian kings
625, and
to B.C.
ANTIQUITIES.
Tablets,
and
historical
B.C.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
No.
1.
Case
Portion
1.
in
Babylonian king draped
of
seated
of
garment
of
statue
early
an
goat's skin, about
4500.
b.c.
[No. 22,470.]
No.
slab with
Limestone
2.
"
line-Babylonian
oldest Babylonian objectsin
early
inscriptionin exceedingly
illegible
characters
this
is
probably
about
collection,
the
of the
one
4500.
b.c
[No. 91,068.]
No.
and
Portion
3.
and
titles,
king
of
of
stele inscribed
with
the
name
militarycampaigns of E-annadur
Shirpurla, the Lagash of the Babylonians
account
of
governor
or
limestone
the
Assyrians, and the Tell Loh of the Arabs, about b.c 4500.
of the
Other fragments of the stele are
preserved in the Museum
Louvre.
When
the
stele
with
battle
was
complete,
sculptured
and
It has
been called the
a
figure of the king, etc.
scenes,
and
of the figures of vultures

Stele of the Vultures," because
of the slain.
are
seen
carrying off the heads and members
"
which
[No. 23,580.]
2 and
Wall-Cases
recordingthe
3.
and
name
Nos. 4-7.
titles of
Baked
E-annadu,
about
that of his father Akurgal,
in which the inscription
is written
is
and
good
example
Plate
IX.)
No.
the
son
4*.
of
b.c
tablets
clay memorial
of
governor
4500.
Shirpurla,
The
character
and
semi-pictorial,
"line-Babylonian"
written
forms
clay.
upon
;i
(See-
[Nos.85,977-85,980.]
Marble
gate-socket with
E-annadu, governor
of
an
inscriptionof
Shirpurla,
about
r.."
Entemena,
-1500.
.
[No. 90,932.]
So. 8.
Fragmenl of
ol K-annadu, governor
black
of
basalt
bowl
Shirpurla,about
bearingan inscription
b.c
'1500.
[No. 90,832.]
So. 9.
Black
basalt
K-aiimulu, governor
the kind's name
with
which
li"-built
of
the
of
of Entemena,
son
Inscribed
in
"line-Babylonian"
shirpurla,
rate
ami
during
his
socket
and
titles,
reign,about
with
B.C.
an
account
1500.
of
|No.
temples
80,900.]
the
No.
AND
81
ROOM.
ASSYRIAN
and titles of
object inscribed with the name
Babylonia,about b.c
Guti, a district in Northern
Limestone
10.
of
early king
an
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
GUIDE
[No. 90,852.]
3800.
No.
about
Portion
11.
of
seated
of
statue
an
3800.
b.c.
early Babylonian king%

[No. 90,828.]
and
gate-socket,inscribed with the name
titles of Ur-Gur,
king of Ur, and recording the building of a
in the city of Nippur, about
b.c
temple to the goddess Nin-lil,
No.
12.
basalt
Black
[No. 90,826.]
2500.
No.
13.
Ur-Gur, king
No.
a
of
Ur, about
Brick
14.
temple
gate-socketinscribed with the
Stone
to
b.c.
of Ur-Gur,
certain
and
name
titles of
[No. 90,840.],
2500.
king of Ur, recording the building of
god, about
b.c.
[No. 90,296.]
2500.
Ur-Gur, king of Ur, recordingthe building

of a temple to the goddess Ninni, in the city of Erech (Warka).
about
2500.
b.c.
[Nos. 90,006, 90,007, 90,015.]
Nos.
Bricks
15-17.
Nos.
18
and
of
buildingof a temple to
(Sen-kereh),about b.c.
Nos.
of
Bricks
20-24.
a
the walls
Ur-Gur, king of Ur, recording the

Shamash, the Sun-god, in the city of Larsaj.
2500.
[Nos. 90,001 and 90,016.]
Bricks
19.
of
of
ing
Ur-Gur, king of Ur, recording the build-
temple to Nanuar, the Moon-god, and the restoration

2500.
of the cityof Ur (Mukeyyer), about b.c
of
90,004, 90,009, and 90,011.]

[Nos. 90,000, 90',003,
No.
25.
buildingof
(See
Plate
\"". 26.
buildingof
of Shirpurla,recording the
Gudea, governor
2500.
the
a
temple to
god Nin-gish-zi-da,about b.c
[No. 90,289.]
X.)
Brick
of
Brick
of
temple
Gudea,
to the
governor
Shirpurla,recording the
of
goddess Ninni, about
b.c
2500.
[No. 90,288.]
of Shirpurla,recording the
of Gudea, governor
Brick
No. 27.
building of a temple to the god Ningirsu,about b.c 2500.
[No. 90,290.]
and
scribed
gate-socket inof Shirpurla.
with the name
and titles of Gudea, governor
the
goddess Nina, about
recording the building of a temple to
B.O.
2500.
Wall-Cases
No.
of
29.
No.
28.
Black
basalt
[No. 90,849.]
basalt
Black
Shirpurla,about
Nos.
5.
and
30-32.
2500.
Bricks
of Gudea, governor
objectwith inscription
[No. 90,831.]
inscribed with the
king of Ur, king of Surner and Akkad,
name
about
and
b.c
titles of Dungiv,
2500.
[Nos. 90,005, 90,017, and 90,276.}
82
BABYLONIAN
33 and
Nos.
inscribed
Bricks
34.
ANTIQUITIES.
ASSYRIAN
AND
the
with
titles of
building of the
and
name
Dungi, king of Ur (Mukeyyer), and recording the

temple of E-kharsag in that city,about b.c. "2500.
[Nos. 90,277, 90,278.]

gate-socketinscribed with the
of
Shirpurla,and an
Ur-Ningirsu,
governor
of
the
to
a
g-cdNingirsu,about
temple
building
Stone
No. 35.
titles of
and
name
of
account
b.c.
the
2500.
[No. 90,845.]
No.
of
and
titles
objectinscribed with the name
of Shirpurla,
about B.C. 2500.
[No. 86,917.]
Circular stone
36.
Ur-Ningursu, governor
Nos.
king
of
Ur
Bur-Sin,
titles of
and
recording the name

(Mukeyyer), about b.c. 2400.
Bricks
37-40.
[Nos. 90,023, 90,037, 90,012, 90,043.]

Nos.
Bricks
41-43.
king of Ur, and

dedicated
the
recording the
making
to the service
of
of the
and
name
great vessel
Ea, about
god
Bur-Sin,
titles of
which
laver
or
he
2400.
b.c
[Nos. 90,027, 90,044, 90,279.]

Nos.
and
44
and
king of Ur,
and
Moon-god,
b.c
2400.
Nos.
and titlesof Bur-Sin.

recording the name
the building of a shrine or temple to Nannar, the
to the goddess Ningal, in the
city of Ur, about
[Nos. 90,036, 90,039.]
Bricks
45.
inscribed with
Bricks
46-48.
Enannaduma,
of the
governor
the
of
citv
Ur,
name
titles of
and
about
b.c.
2400.
[Nos. 90,163, 90,164, 90,165.]

Nos.
and
49
50.
with
inscribed
Bricks
the
and
name
titlesof
building of bis
Sin-gashid,
Ereoh,
recording
king
2400.
[Nos. 90,294, 90,268.]
palace in that city,about b.c
No.
Brick
51.
of
the
and
of
Sin-gashid, king of Erech, recording
building of the temple of E-anna
in thai citv. aboul
B.O.
the
2400.
[No. 90,267.]
Nos.
inscribed with
the
name
king of Isin, aboul B.C. 2 loo.
Hrieks
52-55.
Ishme-Dagan,
[Nos. i""M
No.
56.
Stone
kin-- ""!' I'r, an
and
titles
of
7:;, 90,178, 90,201,90,208.]
gate-socket with
inscriptionof
early Babylonian king, about
r..e.
Gamil-Sin,
-J 100.
[\.".90,848.]
Wall-Cases
tlic
buildingof
No.
Ninib,
.""H.
name
a
and
and
templeto
lirick
No. 57.
Black basal I gatc-sockel recording
titles of Gamil-Sin, king of Ur, and the
7.
inscribed
ting of Esta,about
goddess,
with
n.c.
[No. iio.sii.]
b.0. -jioo.
the
2400.
name
and
title!of Gamil-'
[No. 90,81 l.]
Plate
Brick
[Babylonian and
of
Gudea,
governor
Assyrian Room,
of
No.
Shirpurla(Lagash), about
90,289.]
B.C.
X.
2500.
(See
page
81.)
TO
GUIDE
Nos.
recording the
Bricks
59-62.
(or Eri-aku), king of Larsa,

city of Ur, and the erection of
to Nannar, the Moon-god, about
and
a
and
name
his
83
ROOM.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
titles of
Rim-Sin
buildingoperationsin the
great wall
fortress dedicated
or
2300.
[Nos. 00,033, 90,053, 90,055, 90,059.]

Nos.
Mabuk,
and
titles of Kudurrecording the name
the
of
building of the temple
Elam, and
of the same
the city of Ur, and the dedication
Bricks
C3-66.
governor
in
"E-nun-makh"
the
to Nannar
Rim-Sin"
son
life and that of his

Moon-god, on behalf of his own
B.C.
(or Eri-Aku, or Rim-Aku, or Arad-Sin),about
"
[Nos. 90,032, 90,047, 90,054, 90,293.]
2300.
Nos.
67 and
titles of Sinof Larsa, and the cuttingof a great canal,and the

temple of Nannar, the Moon-god, in the city of Ur
idilinam, king
restoration of
about
b.c.
Nos.
Bricks
68.
recording the
and
name
[Nos. 90,251, 90,031.]
2300.
recording the
Bricks
69-71.
name
and
titles of
the
and
building
king of Babylon,
about
of
the
in
the
Larsa,
Shamash,
city
Sun-god,
of
b.c.
murabi,
Kham-
temple
to
2200.
[Nos. 90,133, 90,134, 90,135.]

and
bearded
a
inscription
king of Babylon,
figure,which is probably that of Khammurabi,
relief.
dedicated
in
It
to
was
a
goddess by a high
sculptured
2200.
officialon behalf of the life of the king, about b.c
No.
72.
slab
Limestone
with
votive
[No. 22,454.]
Xo. 73.
Black
with
stone
and
in Sumerian
bilingualinscription
Babylonian,describing the greatness and glory of Khammurabi,

king of Babylon. The writer addresses the king, and enumerates
with which the various
the fine qualities
him,
gods have endowed
of
his
in
his
and proclaimsthe vast extent
battle, and
rule,
prowess
his enemies.
The text is of a poetical
his gloriousvictories over
interest.
This
considerable
is of
stone
probably
nature, and
formed
part of
statue
of
Khammurabi,
about
b.c.
2200.
[No. 90,842.]
of
Bricks of Samsi-Ramman,
governor
and
titles
of
the
the
and
the
name
king,
Assyria, recording
buildingof a temple to the god Ashur in the cityof Ashur (Kalat
Nos.
74
and
Sherkat),about
75.
b.c.
1700.
[Nos. 90,106, 90,254,]
Bricks of Burnaburiash,
king of Babylon,
the
and
the
of
restoration of
titles
name
king,
recording
the temple of Shamash, the Sun-god, in the city of Larsa, about
Xos.
76
and
the
b.c.
1425.
77.
and
[Nos. 90,263, 90,264.]
No. 78.
Brick of Kara-indash,
king of Babylon,recording the
of
the
to
goddess Ninni, about b.c. 1450.
building a temple
[No. 90,287.]
g
84
BABYLONIAN
No.
79-83.
of
king
lord of
AND
Bricks
Babylon,
ANTIQUITIES.
and titles of Kurigalzu,

recording the name
of
building a temple to the god Bel, the
and
about
lands*,"
ASSYRIAN
the
"
1400.
b.c.
[Nos. 90,045, 90,052, 90,057, 90,295, 90,818.]

Wall-Case
titles
of
No.
Brick
86.
No. 87.
the
recording the
Baked
Kurigalzu, king
Nos. 88-90.
nirari
of
Babylon,
Moon-god.
"
titles of
characters,with
ancient
temple
and
name
titles of
[No. 91,036.]
and
titles of Rammanhis father
of
Pudi-ilu,
[Nos. 90,253, 90,265, 90,812.]
slab
memorial
Kurigalzu,king
E-gal-makh," an
[No. 90.041.]
1350.
b.c.
of
cityof Ur, about

[Xos. 90,029, 90,060.]
recording the names

and
1325
Assyria, b.c
Stone
91.
and
name
and
name
restoration
in the
Bricks
Assyria,about
No.
the
clay cone inscribed with the

Babylon, about b.c. 1400.
I., king of
cf
king
11
recordingthe
and
Babyion, and the restoration of

the city of Ur, about b.c. 1400.
in
Bricks
85.
of
1400.
b.c.
of
and
84
Kurigalzu, king
temple of Nannar,
ancient
an
Nos.
8.
inscribed
archaic
in
Assyrian
of the conquests of Ramman-nirari

I.,
the illustrious prince,adorned
by god, the ruler, the viceroy of
accounr
an
the destroyer of the mighty hosts

gods, the founder of cities,
who
bringeth low all his foes,both in the upper and in the
"
lower countries,who
trampleth down their lands from Lupdu and
the hosts
Rapiku unto Elukhat, who hath made himself lord over
of mankind, who
and
hath enlarged the boundaries
the frontiers
"of his kingdom, the king beneath
feet the gods Anu, and
whose
"
the
"
"
"
Ashur, and
Ishtar
have
in submission."
princesand rulers to bow down
of
the
enlarged
empire
Assyria, and his
far north as Lake Van.
When
he had conquered
This
"
Shamash,
Ramman
and
and
"
forced
all
king
siderably
con-
reached
as
sway
all the countries
himself
to the restoration of the famous
about, ho devoted
text
The
states that he
temple of Ashur, in the city of Ashur.
and
the
their
that
he
foundations,
repaired
repaired the platform
gates
round
the
of
and
palace,and
banked
it up
firmlywith
that he set up the tablet here exhibited
prince
tablet, should
invokes
shall
who
they
have
upon
any
curses
this respect, iii the
"the
"
""
"'
"
memorial
doom
my
stream,
or
shall
it cannot
of
or
my
name,
tablet
shall burn
bury
be
it in the
seen,
of
his
decay.
""r
ami
set,
"
his
destruction, or
it in the lire,or shall
through
set
shall
shall
fear of these
curses
blot
place,or
cast
it into
east
it in
he
hand
l"e careless
in its
own
dark
shall
the
memorial
other
shall
in
out
preserve
his
Whosoever
to
earth, or shall
the
On
who
successors
following words:
memorial
carried
repair his buildings and

fallen into
earth,
glory and
his
and the buildingoperations which

he had
prowess,
his capital. lie asks the god Ashur
bless and
to
future
and
stone
record
to
shall
it into
the
in
out
the
water,
place where
cause
any
86
BABYLONIAN"
AND
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
tations of certain powers

of evil from which
the
the lands wished
their property, or
to preserve
whose
good
No.
favour
95.
transfer
wished
they
Boundary-stone
of certain
to
secure.
inscribed
with
of
consisting-
property
of
powers
concerning1the
texts
lands,which
and
house
of
owners
and
to have
been in the possession of Tarim-ana-ilishu
Urin perpetuity,by
to Marduk-kudur-usur
Belit-rnuballitat-mitiiti,
This document
Meli-shikhu, king-of Babylon, about b.c.'1200.
the
that the lands mentioned
states
in it had
already formed
subject of appeal to Meli-shikhu's predecessors Ramman-shumseem
iddina and
No.
Ramman-nadin-akhi.
96.
transfer
[No. 90,827.]
Boundary-stone
of
the river
certain
Zirzirri
in
inscribed
-land which
com
Bit-Ada, to
king
by Marduk-nadin-akhi,
of the property
surveyor
is dated
from
concerning the
texts
situated
was
in the
in
Babylon, about
bank
the
on
Raniman-zer-ikisha
of
of
perpetuity,
The
1100.
b.c
Bel-zer-keni,and the document
called
was
Dindu-bitu
with
tenth
of
year
king mentioned
the
whom
above, in the presence of sixteen witnesses, among
was
of
the
district
which
in
the
Bit-Ada,
property
governor
situated.
Almost
Sin, Shamash,
Ramman,
Papsukal, and
Ishkhara
this
destroy
or
occupied with
gods Anu, Bel, Ea, Marduk, Nabu,
Ishtar, Gula, Ninib, Nergal, Zamama,
columns
the great
two
imprecationsin which
with
property
of
invoked
are
landmark,
its
this
to
raise
or
rightful
owner.
text
are
him
curse
that shall
No. 97.
[No. 90,840.]
Uninscribed
and
boundary-stone with astronomical
in
This
formed
relief.
stone
probably
sculptured
who
the stock-in-trade
of a mason
prepared boundary-
emblems
part of
for
stones
sale
emblems, which
No.
98.
if
this
the
be
case,
the
astronomical
broken
probably represented the Sun, Moon, Venus, etc.,

exact
date.
About B.C. 1120.
an
[No. 90,8ou\]
hardly mark
can
remove
dispute concerning the

any
Presented
by Sir Arnold
Kemball, K.C.B.
other
the
was
Fine
limestone
land-mark,
or
boundary-stone,inscribed
recording the restoration and confirmation of

iin rightsand privileges
the warden of B!tto Ritti-Marduk,'
district
which
the
\v;ts
Karziyabku,
apparently situated on
with
valuable
text
confines
of
Khun,
by
some
detail.
king Of
the
the governor
According
to
avenge Akkad.
"-ne
rearleat in
contents
the
muster
of
set
with
his
out
from
god
and
had
subdued
Der, the
to
in
the
of kings,
set
mighty
weapons
had
Marduk,
(lie ruler
his army,
bearer of the
hulubi, and
finesl
described
therefore
the
inscription,
king, "the
battle, who
power Of the country

"polledth" i
are
Babylon,about
probably the
Nebuchadnezzar,
Babylon,to
The
is
monument
gods, instructed
Of
I.,king of
Nebuchadnezzar
This
remarkable
and its
Specimen of its class,
b.c.
1120.
out
bow,
smitten
to
the
the
I'lurnicia and
city of Aim,
and
Plate
Babylonian
boundarystone,
or
landmark,
king of
set
up
Babylonia,about
Room,
[Babylonianand Assyrian
No.
in the
B.C.
90,858.]
reignof
XI.
Nebuchadnezzar
1120.
(Seepage 86.)
I.,
GUIDE
marched
TO
distance
dried
and
failed before
kings
great
that
at
raised
"
down
bore
and
and
when
sort
of
strength
in
had.
in
up
of the
The
month
and
brooks
The
strongest horses
which
and
Nebuchadnezzar
round
desert
men
went
about, and
battle array ; their number

was
darkened
sun
was
by the clouds
king engaged
in battle
with
them,
so
of
and
of their
battle broke," Ritti-Marduk

his troops and
of
the enemies
smote
storm
foe with
great slaughter,and
vanquished
seized his country.

Nebuchadnezzar
and
occupied
plundered it. When
Akkad
be
to
was
the
fountains
of all the countries
those
The
"the
the
upon
with
his lord
face
them."
by
the time
them
the
of any
87
ROOM.
the desert.
across
hostile forces
included
drew
ASSYRIAN
all the wells and
and
the
The
AND
sixty miles
water
no
it.
to meet
their
dust
of
up
like fire and
blazed
forth
BABYLONIAN
June,
i.e.,
Tammuz,
was
had
THE
the
king-of Elam,
then marched
the
king
had
into
Elam
returned
to
with
glory and
held in
was
joy of heart, Ritti-Marduk
for
his
high favour,
conbravery Nebuchadnezzar
finned
him
certain
to
ancient
his family had
privilegeswhich
formerly enjoyed, but which had been curtailed through the enmity
of the king of Namar,
a
neighbouring state, and he added others
These
The
to them.
follows :
as
privilegeswere
king of Namar
into Ritti-Marduk's
not. to enter
was
country (without permission);
to be levied
tax was
no
by him on stallions,mares, oxen, sheep,
and
incense-trees
portion of a plantation or date-grove was
; no
to be cut down
by him within Ritti-Marduk's district ; no road was
be
to
to be built
opened through his territory; no bridges were
in certain places ; no
recruits for the Babylonian army
to be
were
from
drawn
either
the city of Ritti-Marduk, or
from
the lands
round
about it ; and he and his people were
set free from
military
This grant of privilegeswas
service for ever.
promulgated in the
of the chief men
of Babylon and
other cities,including
presence
the governor
of Babylon, the Secretary of State, the governor
of the Palace,the prefectof the city,the governor
of Namar, the
of
prince of Namar, the high-priest of Bel, and the governor
and
in
reward
"
The
Akkad.
name
of
the
scribe
who
drafted
the
decumsnt
was
Bel-tabni-bullit. The text concludes with a series of imprecations

the gods Ninib, Gula, Rammiin, Shumalia, Nergal, Nana,
in which
invoked
in a farto curse
Shir, Shubu, Sin, and other deities are
of Namar, or any person
reaching manner
any ruler or
governor
whatsoever
who
shall
attempt
to
annul
or
curtail
Ritti-Marduk, or abolish his immunity from taxation

military service, by the destruction of this stone
fire,or by sinking it in the river,or by burying it
the earth.
shall fill the land of
Hunger and want
rivers and
and
canals
his
privilegesof
compulsory
by breakage or
in the depths of
such a ruler,his
and
shall become
shall harass him

silted up, his enemy
which
he has built another
shall occupy,
night,the house
posterityshall be
emblems
sculpturedon this
(See Plate XI.)
day
and
the
cut
stone
off.
are
The
fine
astronomical
examples
and
other
of their class.
[No. 90,858.]
88
AND
BABYLONIAN
No.
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
with
Boundary-stone inscribed
99.
piece of corn-land by Amel-Bel,

Marduk-nasir, a high official. The payment
two
of a chariot, six saddles, two
asses,
sale
of
total
oil. clothing1,
etc., the
corn,
eight
hundred
and
the
with
the
series of
curses
on
son
recording the
of Khanbi, to
the
field consisted
for
asses'
which
saddles,
ox,
at
cludes
inscriptioncon-
who
anyone
one
estimated
was
The
pieces of silver.
sixteen
usual
of
value
deed
shall
remove
MuMn-kudurri-ddrdti, i.e.,
injurethis laud-mark, which is named
"
c-f
the
for
ever."
On the flat side of the
Establisher
bouudary
is a male figurewearing elaborate^ embroidered
stone
apparel and
or
armed
with
and
bow
whose
in
Marduk-nadin-akhi,
been
arrow
it is
probably that
reign the
stone
the
king,
have
to
[No. 90,841.]
set up.
No.
of
seems
the
Boundary-stone recording
100.
piece
which
banks
Nsir-sharri,or '"Royal Canal," to Khashardu

by
of
The
about
land
1200.
b.c.
was
king
Babylon,
of the city of Khani, the Royal Scribe,
by the governor
was
in the
district
Shaluluni
oi
corn-land
of
situated
of
grant
of
on
the
the
Meli-shikhu,
measured
and
another
high
official.
The
similar to those in the

this class described above.
curses
with
concludes
text
the
inscriptions
upon
series oi
other
oi
stones
[No. 90,829.]
No. 101.
at the
Babylonian stele or boundary-stone, rounded
the
of
and
certain
astronomica
a
standing figure
king
top,
symbols have been sculptured in relief. On one edge are traces
of an
which
been erased
to have
seems
inscription
intentionally
on
which
'
\ 1n "ut b.c.
[No. 90,837.]
1000.
No. 102. Boundar3r-stoneinscribed with a series of texts referring

which
to the possessionof a certain estate
changed hands a niunbei
and Ninib-kudur
of times during the reigns of Nabu-ukin-apli
usur,
kings of Babylon,
about
estate
formed
of
broken
the
tin-
any
is
of
of the text
the
should
who
dispute
litigation. The
destroy
Cylindricalstone
103.
remove
or
of astronomica]
standingfigureof a king
\".
for
and
some
possession of this
The
years,
but
owing
possibleto describe
it is not
number
are
state
course
subject
1000.
B.C.
text
contains
series of
the stone.
other emblems
On
the
and
on
holding sceptre.
on
cur-c-
obvers*
the sidi
[No. 90,885.]
object inscribed
t"
in detai
with
the
name
am
titles "i" Ramman-nirari

II., king of Assyria, n.c. 91 1-890, tli.
of Tiglath-Pilesei
of Ashur-dan,
son
king of Assyria, the son
II.,king
No.
of
n.c.
of
Hoiiiidary-stone
lo l.
during tinh:jo.
lower pait
[No. 90,858.]
.Assyria.
unusual
are
two
human
inscribe!
king
Babylonnbou
of tin' gods,and ul1 ,n"
shape, which
reignof Marduk-balatsu-ikbi,
On
the upper
emblems
part are
in
sculptured
Qg^nres
was
of
relief.
[No. 90,8;;i.]
90
BABYLONIAN
Xos.
AND
132-135.
Bricks
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
recording-the
king- of Assyria, B.C.

palace in the city of Nineveh.
and
name
and
705-681,
nacherib,
Sen-
titles of
building of
the
his
[Xos. 90,213, 90,214, 90.215, 90,21(5.]

Xos.
136
and
Sennacherib,king
Xos.
the
Bricks
137.
138-140.
of
of
temple
to
[Xos. 90,217, 90,218, 90,219.]

Bronze
141-143.
inscribed with
titles of
Sennacherib,king of Assyria,recording
the god Xergal in the city of Tarbis
(Sherif-Khan).
Xos.
and
name
[Nos. 90,210, 90,820.]
Assyria.
Biicks
building of
recording-the
the
pivots and
gate
door
or
titles of Sennacherib,
and
name
basalt
king
of
sockets
Assyria.
[Xos. 90,870, 90,871, 90,872.]

No.
Limestone
144.
slab
and
titles
recording the name,
of
681-668.
h.c.
king
Assyria,
genealogy of Esarhaddon,
[No. 22,465.]
Xc.
Brick
145.
buildingof his
No.
palace in the
Brick
146.
Esarhaddon, king
Xo.
relief with
of
Stone
147.
Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, recording the
of
city of Tarbis.
recording the
Assyria.
stele with
bears
in his two
[No. 90,248.]
rcunded
hands, which
genealogy of
great
care
not
set
up
he
name
titles
had
so
doors
other
it,and
in
how
lie describes
the weak."
oppress
cedar, and
new
and
appointed his twin-brother

that "the
Babylon,
sovereignty over
that
the
to
the rebuildingof E-sagil,the ancient

cypress,
of
basket
king,and describinghis power and might,and

which
he devotes
to the
worship of the gods.
Shamash-shum-ukin
strong may
his head,
above
recordingthe
text
this
Ashur-bani-paldeclares
and
sculptured in high
top and
raised
arc
offerings. It is inscribed with
with
of
genealogy
figureof Ashur-bani-pal, king of Assyria,n.c. 668king is represented in his capacity of high priestand
The
the
and
titles,
name,
626.
and
[XTo.90,247.]
temple
precious woods, and

how
he supplied it
undertook
he
in
of Marduk
how
Babylon,
made
he
vessels
with
of
rebuilt the shrine

He
gold, silver,
OOpper, iron, wood, and stone.
of
Bl in th"- same
for
his
and
in
retain
pious deeds he
temple,
E"a and the Other gods to bestow
entreats
him the blessings of
upon
a
life and
long
Ka
prayetflto
an
that
shall pay honour

the head
fall upon
to
abundant
posterity.
of
image
him
who
text
with
concludes
the king who

upon
a
nd
that
curses
inscription,
may
shall in anv
way
injure or destroyit.
blessings
may
this
The
be
bestowed
and
'
Plate
(See
V..
1I-.
StOXM stele
relief
with
iigure of
"
M..
I- the
ration
of
[No. 90,86A]
XIII.)
a
with
rounded
top and
king
Asliur-bani-pal,
lltl"
name,
K-y.ida,the shrine
bnealogy of
of
the
god
of
sculptured in high
Assyria. The text
this
\al"u
Idng
and
(\ebo)
|No.
the
rc-
liabvlon.
90,8
Plate
Stele with
and
inscription
XIII.
in relief,
of Ashur-bani-pal,
king of
sculptured
figure,
Assyria,from
and Assyrian
Room,
[Babylonian
No.
B.C.
668 to B.C.
90,864.]
626.
(See page 90.)
GUIDE
No.
the
TO
THE
Brick
149.
rebuildingof
Nos.
and
150
BABYLONIAN
of
the
ASSYRIAN
AND
Ashur-bani-pal,king of
temple of the god Marduk.
slabs
Limestone
151.
91
ROOM.
.\ssyria,
recording
[No. 90,285.]
recording the
and
name
titles
of the
Ashur-bani-pal,king of Assyria, and the restoration
in
in
Belit
the
of
of
the
Nineveh
tion
commemoratemple
city
goddess
of
of his victories
No.
[Nos. 23,577, 23,578.]
the Elamites.
over
slab, recording the name

the restoration of the temple
Limestone
152.
Ashur-bani-paland
in commemoration
his victories
of
the
over
titles of
and
of the
god Nabu
Elamites.
[No. 22,467.]
No.
with
twin
The
Stone
153.
hands,
which
are
stele is inscribed
it concludes
E-zida;
shall
who
successors
it with
himself.
with
oil and
posterityof the
head,
the
bears
in
offerings.
titles and
name,
the restoration
and
of
basket
G68-G26.
of the shrine
bless any of
make
offeringsbefore his image and shall
with
that of
shall commemorate
his name
with
the other hand
On
of
Assyria, B.C.
high-priestand
recording
text
of
his
above
of Shamash-shum-ukin
genealogy
anoint
raised
the
viceroy of Babylon,
figure of Shamash-shum-ukin,
brother
of Ashur-bani-pal,king
king is represented in his character
The
his
top sculptured in high relief
rounded
his two
of
stele with
that
prayer
he asks
Nabu
Nabu
may
to blot out
the
name
aud
injureor destroy this image. From

the
annals
brother
of Ashur-bani-pal we
learn that his twin
he
had
whom
Shamash-shum-ukin,
Babylon,
appointed viceroy over
his opportunity,and joining his forces with those of the
watched
Elamites and other nations,
revolted againsthis brother's sovereignty,
lie was
in obtaining his independency, and,
however
unsuccessful
being besieged in Babylon, he put an end to his life by fire rather
than surrender.
It will be
This happened about the year b.c. 650.
noticed
shall
that
has
the crown
the stele ; this was
figure
on
officers of
No.
who
man
been
the head of the

his
after
death, by the
done,
from
removed
probably
Ashur-bani-pal.
[No. 90,866.]
Brick
154.
and
titles of Shamash-shumrecording the name
and
of
the temple of Shamash,
the
restoration
ukin, king
Babylon,
the sun-god,in the city of Sippar,during the reigns of himself and
his brother
Ashur-bani-pal.
[No. 90,281.]
of
Nos.
155
and
1 5t;.
Bricks
recording the
Ashur-etil-ilani,king of Assyria, about

Calah.
a temple in the city of
of
No.
157.
bas-reliefs
Piece
of
from
representingmen
Presented
by F.
the
625, and
the
drawing a
Wheelan, Esq., 1894.
bull
titles of
building
[Nos. 90,188, 90,195.]
of the
Assyrian sculpture from one
palace of Sennacherib, king of
colossal
E.
b.c.
and
name
to his
palace
at
series
of
Assyria,
Nineveh.
[No. 93,019.]
92
BABYLONIAN"
No.
Holmsby
Nos.
Drake,
Wall-
IKf"
^TTT^""""=(=
presented by Mrs.
[No. 93,020.]
important
An
with
the
and
name
series
Na-bi-um-ku-du-ur-ri-u-su-iir, king
the
to
of
service
of
titles of
fcCfflf
Jgf "2f ^nff
"$
recording his devotion
and
604-561,
bas-relief
16-19.
Cases
II., -"f
Nebuchadnezzar
b.c.
Assyrian
inscribed
Babylon
from
an
ANTIQUITIES.
1892.
159-169.
bricks
ASSYRIAN
of
Fragment
158.
AND
*fll
Babylon,
of the
great
(Merodach) and Nabu (Nebo), E-sagil

and
of the
of these, e.g., No.
E-zida.
On some
165, are traces
laid in the wall.
in which
bitumen
they were
[Nos. 90,073,
90,081, 90,084,90,092, 90,093, 90,120, 90,121, 90,137,90,158,
90,822, 90,823.]
Nos.
A series of bricks from

Senkereh, recording the
and
the restoration
of the
titles of Nebuchadnezzar
II.,
Shamash, the Sun-god, in the city of Larsa. (See Plate
170-173.
and
name
gods Marduk
the
temples of
temple
XIV.)
of
[Nos. 90,112, 90,114, 90,228, 90,280.]
Nos.
174-177.
of Nebuchadnezzar
of bricks recording the name

and titles
the restoration of the temple of Shamash,
of Sippar. It will be noticed
that the
series
II.,and
the
Sun-god, in the city

sometimes
are
inscriptions
the
of
edge
the
brick,and
smaller
than those made
that the cuneiform
characters are much
by
the ordinary stamp.
[Nos. 90,272, 90,273, 90,274, 90,275.]
Nos.
and
178
god, in
No.
the
180.
in the
the building of
city of Ur.
Bronze
[Nos. 90,139, 90,140.]
step
temple
ancient
from
E-zida
of
rosettes, etc., and

interest,and
greater number
with
transliteration
D.l\*
Xa
bricks
the
of
lii
mented
Borsippa (Birs-Nimrud) ornawith
the
the
name
edge
on
object is of considerable
at
it includes
this
of
king;
In
du
ur
the
upon
given in full,
that found
it is here
Englishcharacters
into
inn
part of the flightof steps
inscribed
II. This
inscription
upon
the
as
lower
the
with
and
on
and
titles of
recording the name
a temple to Sin,the Moon-
Bricks
179.
II.,and
Nebuchadnezzar
written
and
ri
translation:
su
"
nr
Nebuchadnezzar,
: a
in
in
"
lii. mi.
'
patron cf
P.I\
.winrids
cil,ami
cmlv
for
"
ilrtiTiiiiiintivn
MVFtd
tO
i """,
prefix,"
"
iinliriili'(lie cl;i"s i"l \\m\l
i^
In
vrhiofa W9*
QOl proit [| ;ilt;ii'hod.
wliirh
XIV.
Plate
"".'.
Brick
inscribed
with
the
name
from
[Babylonian
and
titles of
and
B.C.
Assyrian Room,
604
No.
to
Nebuchadnezzar
B.C.
90,1 12.]
II., king
of
Babylon,
561.
(See page
92.)
94
AND
BABYLONIAN
No.
182.
and
name
No.
king
ANTIQUITIES.
Black basalt fragment with

II.
Brick
183.
of
ASSYRIAN
recording*the
Babylon, b.c.
555-538.
the
inscriptionrecording-
[No. 90,848.]
titles of
and
name
Nabonidns,
[No. 90,144.]
and
titles of
name
recording the
Nabonidus,
king
Babylon, and a building of a temple to Sin,
the Moon-god, in the city of Ur.
[Nos. 90,148, 90,150, 90,151
Nos.
Bricks
184-187.
of
90,152.]
No.
with
Brick
188.
recording the
impression of
an
human
and
name
foot which
titles of
made
was
moist.
Nabonidus,
it while
upon
[No. 90,284.]
Nos.
189
and
190.
Babylonian bricks without inscriptions.The

to afford a hold for
hollows, or
frogs," were
probably intended
the bitumen, or mortar, used in building. [Nos. 90,28.2,90,283.]
"
Nos.
of
glazed bricks with raised patterns,

period.
[Nos. 90,856, 90,857, 90,860,
group
Uncertain
Nimrud.
from
191-195.
90,861, 92,983.]
Nos.
and
titles of
the
Susa,
dates
of
group
number
recording the names

kings who reigned at
bricks
of the Elamite
the palace
of Esther
"
Shushan,
Shushter.
modern
At
reigns of these kings, but

contemporaries of the king
written
B.C.
and
not
the
i.,2, and
present it is impossibleto assignexact
the
to
thsy were
Empire, about
are
196-203.
700.
The
texts
stamped,
probable
of the last
upon
in
are
it is
that
Assyrian
bricks, which
the
modified
form
""t
the
Babylonian character.
Nos.
196
and
197.
Bricks
Ct"T" Shu-vt-rwuk-Nakh'khu-
ill J^Kf^
HKT "WtT
% ^forT
un-te, the
of Khali udush-Inshushiuak,
son
f Jf tj
of Shutruk-Nakhkhunte,
king of
Susa.
[Nos.90,292,90,404.]
Sob. 198 and
199.
f Jgf ""^TJ
Bricks of Kutir-Nakhkhunte,
$c ^Tff!"~KT IHTTI C""L
Ku-tir-Nakh-khu-w-t*
kin--
of
Susa.
[Nos. 90,291,90,523.]
200 and 201.
\.,
.
-::"
of
fflfc"
^T
Shwli
"7-
f fv 8K
-!"", Slnl-L-lH.-uL-lK-shu-rhi-M-a
iik-.\aklikl'uiitc',
king of Susa.
202. Brick
.
Bricks of Shilkhak-Inshushinak,
nacbe
recording
the,
[Nos. 90,608,9o.;"29.]
of Untash-gal
of Khnbwiuniena,
tjjf:
|jy"-,
ion
I'li-tn.sh-jni,
king
f BHHI W
of Suaa.
[No. 90,405.]
Noi
"\
203. fyrickreobrding
the
"jT#, At-t"u-Lit"dh,
Mine
king of Snsa.
of Attarkitakh,
] tjtff\
[No, 90,528.
"
X
w
No.
Circular
204.
Ispuinis, the
the
of
name
From
820.
b.c.
Sarclur, king of Van, about
1895.
by C. P. Devey, Esq.,F.R.G.S.,
of
son
Presented
Van.
95
ROOM.
with
inscribed
vessel
stone
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
GUIDE
[No. 90,869.]
Stone
No.. 205.
to the
inscription
of Minua,
about
Klialdi,
god
slab
Here
20-22.
Wall-Cases
king of Van,
dedicatory
[No. 90,863.]
exhibited
are
with
700.
b.c.
of casts
number
in the Behistun
cut
inscriptions
Rock, and
other places,and from
palaces built by the Akhaemenian
here
kings at Persepolisand other cities. The inscriptions
the
the
in
Persian,
Scythic (or Median) and
representedare
the Persian kings were
the Babylonian languages, in which
from
taken
inscribe their
wont
to
they
held
Babylonia.
(See
the
which
from
countries
of
Persia, Media, and
inscriptions
supplied the
earlyinvestigatorsof their contents
method
of the
he
of
rest
unable
was
either to
inscriptionsin
the
understand
which
these
or
the
succeeded
and
Xerxes,
occurred.
names
his method, Rask, St. Martin, Burnouf

contributed to the confirmation of his results,
but
of
obtained
to translate the
Following
actual
material
of cuneiform
interpretation
in general. In 1802
Grotefend
inscriptions
of
Hystaspes, Darius
deciphering the names
but
texts; for
XVI.)
Plate
the clue to the correct

in
commemorative
cuneiform
Persian
The
the
over
sway
edicts and
and
as
Lassen
recently
the
inscriptionsremained
however, the late Sir Henry
year,
Creswicke
in drawing
Iiawlinson, Bart, G.C.B., succeeded
cuneiform
characters,
up a working alphabet of the Persian
of certain
and in making a correct analysisof the contents
of
translations
and
the short texts
to
inscriptions, accurate
The
which he had access.
him
his
in
employed by
process
be thus brieflydescribed.
first efforts at decipherment may
He
selected two
short inscriptions
which
he had copied at
as
1837
In
unknown.
Mount
Elwend,
contents
this
Hamadan,
near
in 1835.*
He
noticed
that the
inscription
corresponded throughout
exception of
of
assumed
in
He
each.
that
two
these
signs
groups
groups
the names
of the kings Avho set up the
of signs contained
and possiblythose of their fathers.
But in these
inscriptions
the
two
of signs which
inscriptions group
occupied the
of
second
in
and
which
from
its position
one
them,
place
with
seemed
to
represent the
set it up, occurred

*
Copies of
these
are
of the
father of the
first place in the other.
name
in the
the
exhibited
hi Wall-jase
No.
32.
man
This
who
will
96
BABYLONIAN
be clear from
signs
ANTIQUITIES.
of these
following transcriptions
of
groups
"
_s
the
ASSYRIAN
AND
fr iffsi K- ^
i-
""tt""
v
i.e.,Darius.
sh
1
V
sh
A'A
sA
?/
s/"
IIystaspes.
i.e.,
i.e.,Xerxes.
,^
D
will be
It
that
seen
1, which
Rawlinson
Thus
inferred
II.
No.
up
the
gave
order.
set
up,
of
names
what
But
of the
founder
On
that
found
they
1837
Sir
to
and
in
consecutive
The
most
Hystaspes,the
Xerxes his grandson.
Nos.
2, 1 and
3, he
Persian
the
been
had
of Darius
the
went
to
Behistun
and
at
making copiesand paper

section of the great trilingual
engraved on the face of the rock
of
impressions*
for the
and
I.
and
respects satisfactorily,
Rawlinson
succeeded
the order
were
No.
2, 1
been?
groups
in all
great personalrisk
I- v
his son,
inscription.
king who
identifications.
Henry
which
inscription
have
group
whom
Nos.
kings
line
I.
for
groups
these
names
answered
in fact the true

In
could
with
of the
king
the
Persian
dynasty,Darius
applyingthese
occupies the
in No.
father
that
and
three
kings
place
the
that
kings of the Akhaemenian
famous
wire
first
was
inscription
inscriptionwras
4, which
is identical
inscription,
II.
occupies the
No.
No.
group
Dahius.
i.e.,
sh
"
place in No.
second
set
in
Great.
This
is considerablymore
inscription
was
than
which
no
easy
task,
hundred
had
feet
The scaling ladders

above the ground.
him to read the
be
short
with him proved to
too
to enable
and, in order to complete his
Upper lines of the inscriptions,
by
for him to be let down
necessary
copy of them, it was
ropei
thrown
over
the
top of the rock.
he
Having
taken
obtained
first paragraphs of it with

ln's copy, he compared the two
which
he had alreadycopied .it Klwend, and
tin- inscriptions
"
Specimcm
of thews
ore
exhibited
on
the
Hour
of WulUusc
No.
21.
"
tu
tx-^
ui
'? 13
"^
M
H
O
"
U
1"
03
,"0
H
CO
t
JJ
OJ
tx'ii
iI
a
O
'
"
d
rt
_,
'a
w
to
fe"
.2 .y
"""
""
.5 "s"
a
*-"
-Ch
.2
""
ed
"-"
Q.S
"S2
H~
98
BABYLONIAN
No.
211.
Cast of the
Veisdates, who
of
head
ASSYRIAN
AND
ANTIQUITIES.
Scythic version
of
himself
declared
the
inscription
over
to be
Bardes, the
of
son
[No. 22,473.]
Cyrus.
Cast of the Scythic version of the inscription

the
over
declared himself
of Aracus, who
to be Nebuchadnezzar, the
No.
212.
head
of
son
the
No.
Nabonidus,
and
Cast
of
213.
king
of
Babylon.
part of
language recording the
inscriptionin the
an
and
name
[No. 22,474.]
titles of Darius
Babylonian
the Great.
[No. 22,477.]
No.
214.
language of
Cast
of
Xerxes
inscriptionin the Babylonian

part of an
I.,king of Persia from b.c. 485 to b.c. 465.
[No. 22,478.]
No.
215.
Cast
of
language
his father Darius
inscriptionin the Babylonian

completionby Xerxes I. of the palacewhich
part of
recording the
began
an
to build.
[No. 22,476.]
inscriptionof Artaxerxes
Cast of part of an
(Ochus),king of Persia from b.c.
No.
216.
362
to
III.,
339.
b.c.
[No. 91,236.]
No.
217.
the
the
titles and
completion of
No.
ing
inscriptionin the Persian language, recordgenealogy of Artaxerxes III.,king of Persia, and
a palace at Persepolis.
[No. 22,480.]
Cast of
an
Specimens of the paper
"squeezes,"
impressions
made
tions
inscripby the late Sir II. C. Rawlinson, Bart., G.C.B.,
in the Persian, Scythic and
Babylonian languages cut in the
218.
or
of the
rock at Behistun in Persia, to commemorate

of Darius L, king of Persia, from b.c. 521
Wall-Cases
of bronze
23-27.
Here
is exhibited
objects,shields, portions of
vessels, helmets,
water
the
fetters
for
a
a
and conquests
wars
to b.c.
485.
large
collection
throne, wine
and
prisoners,weapons,
carpenteringimplements,tools,vases, lionetc.
They
weights, fittingsof the ends of chariot-poles,
the Assyrian sites KoiiynnjiU(Nineveh)
found childly
on
were
number
of the tools
and Nimrild (Calah),but a considerable
and
agricultural
and
shields,
Work
found
in the
were
figuresof animals and
and
in
Southern
nib
1 of Babylon
Babylonia.The
and
bronze
plates with open
figuresof gryphons,
small
were
objectscan
men
discovered
be dated
.it
with
Win
in
Few
Armenia.
bul
exactitude,
it
is
of
these
probablethat
made
about
between
of them
the greater Dumber
B.C.
were
small
of the nondescript
number
1""(). A
1006 and
\.i".
which
exhibited on the small shelf in Wall-Case
are
figures,
even
belong to the period subsequent to the
25, may
"
w
"
-J
"
~
~
TO
GUIDE
Muhammadan
of
Nos. 219-222.
periods; No.
219
No. 229.
Sassanian
covering
of
On
inscription.About
No.
upper
Bronze
239.
smiths.
of
lions
the
B.O.
bulls
wicker
or
in
relief.
shield
The
position of the
flange are traces
From
700.
Van.
for the
in bulls' heads
and
of
of
by
form
cunei-
[No. 22,481.]
side
the
mented
orna-
groups
handles
the
outer
framework
bars terminate
[Nos. 22,495"22,498.]
leather
and
part indicate
upper
carried.
was
followingare
of bronze helmets belonging to various

group
is probably Assyrian, and
Nos. 220-222
are
figures
in the
99
ROOM.
"
Bronze
with
it
ASSYRIAN
of
probably the work
which
AND
conquest of Mesopotamia. The
specialinterest
rivets
BABYLONIAN
THE
of
throne.
The
legs in bulls' hoofs.
[No. 22,491.]
Bronze handle of
No. 242.
form of a human-headed
bird.
large bucket
of bronze
Portions
made
in the
[No. 22,494.]
Portions of a rectangularbronze
No. 246.
in cuneiform.
of
an
inscription
part
No. 248.
vessel
or
foundation
slab,with
[No. 91,157.]
lattice-work.
From
Van.
[No. 91,159.]
No.
Bronze
260.
fortress,and
or
From
No.
a
showing
the
formed
part of
model
of
positionof embrasures
Van.
castle
and
ments.
battle-
[No. 91,177.]
Bronze
platewith design in hollow work, and figureof

Van.
relief. From
Presented
by Capt. E. Clayton,R.A.
[No. 21,209.]
292.
bull in
slab which
A series of weights in the form of lions,

Nos. 303-318.
many
which
of
with the names
inscribed in cuneiform
of the Assyrian
are
kings
in whose
reigns they
Phoenician.
On
the
thus
weight
were
the
and
made,
the left side of most
of them
with
is
their
Aveightsin
symbol indicating
the base of No.

inscription
edge
of the country,"and
303 reads, Fifteen manehs
the left side of
on
the lion are
fifteen strokes.
The castings were
reduced
to their
correct
weights by chiselling
pieces off the base, but in the case
of No. 306 the adjustment has been
the hollow
effected by filling
body of the lion with lead. It is probable that these weights were
made
settlers in Assyria. From
about B.C. 750 to
by Phoenician
;
on
the
of
"
B.C.
From
700.
Nos.
Nimrud.
319-325.
bulls which
formed
the
[Nos. 91.220-91,235.]
series of hollow
bronze
of the ends
fittings
heads
of chariot
of lions and
poles.
[Nos.24,961, 91,237-91,242.]
h
100
AND
BABYLONIAN
No. 326.
king
was
Hollow
god. The
probably made
or
No.
were
and
Nos. 328
hands
and
arms
gold
standing-figureof a
fitted on separately,
[No. 91,243.]
supporting-a
bull,which
was
silver.
or
in
rhyton
white
form
the
of
an
made
of
which
are
The
oryx.
eyes
[No. 91,249.]
stone.
Two
329.
probably
were
face of the
Bronze
327.
inlaid with
bull
bronze
of
ANTIQUITIES.
ASSYRIAN
bulla ; the faces

winged and man-headed
is
furnished
No.
with human
329
gold.
claspedtogether. From Yan.
[Nos. 91,247, 91,248.]

No.
Bronze
330.
of
model
castle
fortress.
or
Van.
From
[No. 91,250.]
28
Wall-Cases
29.
and
jars,vases,
phialsof various
glass bowls,
Kouyunjik. Nimrud, Babylon, and other
interesting
Mesopotamia. The following are
in
places
series of alabaster
bottles, and
etc., and
figures,
periods found at
:
.-examples
"
No.
Upper part
625.
of
figure of the god Nebo.
alabaster
an
[No. 91,667.]
Early period.
615-621.
Nos.
699, 701, 702, 704.
with
the
from
b.c.
Nos.
the
485
700
of
name
and
name
to b.c.
and
706.
figuresof Ishtar or Aphrodite.

[Nos.91,668-91,677.]
dolls and
Alabaster
Nos.
Fragments
titles of Xerxes,
of alabaster
king
of
inscribed
vases
Persia
and
Babylon,
[Nos. 91,453-91,455,91,459.]
465.
Fragments
Kamman-nirari
of alabaster
I.,king of
jars inscribed with

Assyria,about b.c 1325.
[Nos. 90,956, 90,957.]
of
Fragment of alabaster jar inscribed with the name
[No. 91,460.]
Sargon, king of Assyria,b.c. 722 to b.c 705.
No.
705.
Fragment of alabaster jar inscribed with the

king of Assyria,b.c 668 to about b.c 626.
Assurbanipal,
No.
709.
name
of
[No. 91,588.]
Nos.
gods
/
in
and
715.
Fragments
nl i"!\dedicated
to
the
of
:i
god
710.
Prtffmentof
capturedcity, dedicated
with
vase
figures of Assyrian
cityof TarbtS
Nergal of the
Sbfll
-if-kluin).
No.
714
[Nos. 90,960, 91,583.]

p
to
rase
the
with
representationin relief of
god Ninib.
Limestone
model
of
No. 723.
face ; on the back teste the base of
I
a
winged
column.
|So, '.'1,582.]
cow
with
woman's
[No. 90,954.]
No.
lion
"
BABYLONIAN
AND
GUIDE
TO
726.
Opaque glass bottle
the
and
of
Palace
THE
ASSYRIAN
inscribed
^YTTTÎ" T ^K ^T
words
Sargon," i.e.,Sargon, king
the
with
Ehal
of
101
ROOM.
Sharru-vkin,
D.P.
Assyria,
figure of
722
b.c.
to B.C.
[No. 90,952.]
705.
Nos.
iridescence caused
by
with
contact
ancient
of
Specimens
735, 759, 847.
glass,showing
the
earth.
damp
[Nos. 91,577, 91,578, 91,579.]

Oval
756.
No.
crystal object;
From
unknown.
use
Nimrud.
[No. 90,959.]
the floor of the
On
Nos.
594-610.
haematite
weights
of
weights
Wall-Case
885
to
fastened
figureof
Nos.
either
votive
with
or
them
of
many
of
fragments
painted baked
clay
with
inscribed
are
Ashur-nasir-pal,king of Assyria from b.c

Nimrud
(Calah). [Nos.91,679-91,690.]
basket
with
ornamented
and
rosettes
eyes,
to a wall
by bitumen
sculpture,on which was
in
relief.
mythological being
[No. 91,700.]
of baked
series
offerings,or
inscribed
are
king
king
867-875.
as
them
sixteen
[Nos. 91,439-91,448.]
bosses
From
Stone
866.
was
of
series of
with
860.
b.c.
Avhich
"
limestone, basalt and

the forms
of ducks ; they include
bears a
30
No.
594
manehs, etc.
manehs,
titles of
and
No.
group
in
made
30
ceiling-ornaments
name
are
^ maneh, 2
inscription.
Phoenician
the
case
with
architectural
as
the
clay fists which
and
name
used
were
ornaments.
few
of
titles of
Assyria. The fingersof No. 867

blue glaze,and those of No. 875 with
of
Ashur-nasir-pal,
originallycovered
were
glaze.
grey
[Nos. 90,964, 90,976, 90,977, 91,701-91,706.]

No. 876.
Fine white
31-40.
Wall-Cases
are
lamps
and
in the forms
made
the
five upper
of
In
wall-case
dogs,
lions, and
etc.
figures of
lion.
[No. 91,678.]
shelves
animals, birds, etc.
figures of gods, goddesses,
terra-cotta
animals,
On
of
head
of
these
cases
a
long and interestingseries of baked clay vases, jugs,
of
handles ; a number
vessels, both with and without
exhibited
saucers
limestone
No.
39
hunting
are
men,
a
scenes
; a
large number
dolls
and
plaques
with
women,
series
of
of
in relief
[Nos.
1062-
casting ear-rings and other

[Nos. 1,069-1,071]; a steatite kohl, or
stibium, pot with three tubes, and having upon the sides human
figures and a lion and a sphinx in relief [No. 1,068.] In Wall-Case
six stone
40 (shelf4) are
and clay heads
of the god of the southwest
wind
and other Babylonian demons
it
that
similar
;
appears
the floors of Babylonian and Assyrian
heads were
buried under
1067];
three steatite
articles of jewellery
moulds
for
102
BABYLONIAN
ASSYRIAN
AND
buildingsto protect
the
inmates
ANTIQUITIES.
from the attacks of diseases which

wind was
the south-west
prevalent
when
supposed to appear
is a valuable
series
Nos. 31-40
[Nos. 1,047-1,052]. In Wall-Cases
bowls of various depths and diameters, which
were
of earthenware
The inscriptionon the
employed for magical or medical purposes.
and Manda'itic
in the Hebrew,
Chaldee
written
insides are
Syriac,
collections of letters jumbled
languages,but many of them are mere
of
and
intended
have
to
not
meaning". In some
are
together
any
supposed to confer upon
them, e.g., No. 934, the inscriptionwas
In line 3 is
him who
drank from it blessingand health from heaven.
of Israel who
stood round
reference to the "sixty mighty men
a
about
the couch of Solomon," and this reference is followed
by an
from
the priests'
extract
(Numbers vi.,24-26), The Lord
blessing*
make
His face shine upon
bless thee, and keep (thee): the Lord
thee, and be gracious unto thee : the Lord lift up His countenance
Amen.
Amen.
Selah."
By the
thee,and give thee peace.
upon
three trees, and
the sacred letter H
side of this inscriptionare
used
for medical
When
enclosed in a square.
a
draught
purposes
and
sick
in
the
either
to
of water
man
a
he, or
was
bowl,
brought
were
"
or
both, recited
physician,
the
the
before
the inside of
bowls
round
written
text
These
after
immediately
drinking.
periods; the oldest belongs to the third
bowl
the
or
of different
are
the
century B.C., and

Along the bottom
No.
of these
cases
Earthenware
1593.
skulls and
human
latest to
the
are
third
exhibited
which
second
or
century
a.d.
"
containing portions of
vessel
other bones
fourth
or
were
found
two
Nineveh.
at
The
larger skull is supposed to have belonged to the soldier who

Nineveh
on
guard in the palace of the Assyrian king when
captured,and the fractures in it testifyto a violent death.
was
was
[No. 91,448.]
No.
1597.
No.
Large earthenware
Sepulchral vase
1604.
[Shuahan, the
O.LE.,1876.
Prom
Vase
1606.
holding grain.
[No. 91,961.]
containing
burnt
Presented
palace.]
Susa
No.
vessel for
human
by Colonel
similar to
the above, containing burnt human
[No. 91,959.]
Massive
1609.
or
\v;nf
water.
six-handled
the
Around
With feet,duck-headed
and
side
earthenware
in
relief
are
winged dragons,
and
jar for holding

figures of snakes
figuresof suako-
[No. 91,950.]
channers(?"
No.
an"l
figure*have
I
ul
of
lion.
two
figure*of
btttnaO
with a notched
mythologicalbeing lo relief. The
vessel
Karthcnwaro
161H.
border
Ross,
[No. 91,954.]
remains.
No.
remains.
the claws
EftOeS,
Ornamented
and
wings
of
bird
and
the
[No. 91,941.]
104
BABYLONIAN
AND
the left-hand
On
ASSYRIAN
side of the
ANTIQUITIES.
doorway
of
Boundary-stone recording-a grant
1.
city
on
Diir-Ziri,
of
the banks
of the
Babylonia
about
I., king of
baladan
shumi,
of
governor
Proprietorsof the
2. Black
basalt
of
"
tlie
near
Merodach-
Marduk-zakir-
to
Presented
in 1873.
Babylonia about
buildingoperationscarried
the
land
Tigris,by
1150,
b.o.
king
Gudea.
"
Babylonia.
Daily Telegraph
statue
certain
river
in Southern
(Lagash)
recorded
"
district in
are
the
by
[No. 90,850.]
of Shirpurla
governor
2500.
The inscriptions
or
b.c.
out
by this king.
[No. 92,988.]
Table-Case
series of
"
Here
A.
is exhibited
tablets,"that is to
Case-
large
and
important
say, tablets with
the
clay
envelopes, or cases, within which

they were
preserved,
side
found
Tell
at
Sifr,and at
arranged
by side. They were
other sites of early cities both in northern
southern
and
Babylonia. The arrangement of the tablets from Tell Sifr,
when
discovered
by Loftus in 1854, is thus described
by
him
"
in his Chaldaea
Three
mud
and
bricks
Susiana, p. 270
laid down
"
in the
form
of the
capital
largesttablet,measuring six-and-a-quarterinches
long and three inches wide, was placed upon this foundation, and
the two next
in size at right angles to it. The
rest were
piled
"
and
bricks
whole
also
the
them
the
surrounded
being
upon
upon
still visiblyadhering to
by a reed matting, traces of which were
of the
tablets.
covered
They were
by three unbaked
"many
for the perfectpreservationof so many.
"bricks, which accounts
Several
found
were
broken, but the fragments were
carefully
"
were
The
letter U.
"
"
"
"
"
'"
collected."
other
At
such
places in Babylonia it
tablets
shelves, or
outsides
the
in
chamber,
fipecial
of
packed in jars made
a
of which
inscribed
were
contractingpartiesmentioned
made
were
unbaked
tho
of certain
names
the
on
tablets.
consistencyonly as long as it is
preserve!
fresh.
After
the lapse of years
it crumbles
its
touched
remove
The
and
falls down
these
jars,and
table"H
they contain
belonging to
was
are
formerly
in
tin n-
written
Dumber
tho
into dust.
no
the
of words
non-Semitic
use
in
is
or
throughout
Hence
the
clay, on
peculiar
Babylonianloamy
that
01
customary to keep
either arranged upon
was
The
earth
of
jars-
which
comparatively
it is
away
when
to
impossible
example in this collection.

Babylonian language, but
phrases and formulae

Sumeiian
language, which
and
tho
country. They
were
TO
GUIDE
during
written
BABYLONIAN
THE
AND
Babylon, and
kings
Aku), King
of
and
Samsu-iluna,
during the reign of

about
from
Larsam,
Apil-Sinr
other
Rim-
to
early
(or Rim-
Sin
2300
B.C.
105
ROOM.
reigns of Sumula-ilu, Zabum,
the
Sin-muballit, Khammurabi,
of
ASSYRIAN
2000.
B.C.
legal and commercial

transactions,
the
deeds
and
include
recording
buying and selling of
of
the
and
houses
lands;
leasing
house-property,
gardens,
the
of
slaves
and
fields,plantations,
etc.;
hiring
labourers;
Their
the
refer to
contents
loan
and
of money
of
received
monies
bills of
divorce,
inscribed
with
of
ownership
When
contract
partieswent
to
cityin which
the
or
marriage
tablets
of
this
series
one
that the contract
lived,and
had
stillin force.
was
the-
of property, etc.
in Babylonia the contracting
made
the town
The
or
of the terms
statement
a
clay tablet,a copy of which
upon
both of the contractingparties,as a
or
are
concerning
or
legal,officialin
priestly,
they
contracts
the division
was
some
repayment
of
dissolution
inscribed
agreement
kept by
payment
judicialdecisions
legal or
land, and
the
children
Other
etc.
deposit;
on
adoption of
the
partnerships;
seed-corn
of
was-
proof
originaldocument
safety either in the temple or in the record

chamber
of the city, and
in order
to
the text
preserve
inscribed
it
enclosed
in a clay envelope or
it,
was
upon
the
which
document
case," on
was
copied in duplicate.
placed
was
for
"
At
the end
the
document
including that
witnesses,
up
each
of
the
sealed
and
contract
of
written
were
scribe
the
of the
names
officialwho
or
drew
it.
Usually the seal was

sealed
general a tablet was
impressed on the case only. In

made
of some
hard
stone
by rollinga cylinder-seal,
(see
Case
it,or by impressing a seal upon it Avhilst the
D) over
clay was moist. The earlytablets show that another method
also in use.
One
seal impressionswere
made
was
more
or
three-sided
of
in
the
which
a
clay cone,
a piece of
upon
apex
reed
to
the
tablet
hung
down
hang
from
will
cones
fragments
on
the
which
The
inserted.
was
by
ancient
seen
of reed
tablets
were
piece
of
of moist
parchment
in
and
found
broken
variant
grammatically.
this class have
been
clay, and
same
charters.
the
of the
of the reed
in the
upper
stillvisible. An
frequentlycontained
and
end
the tablet much
from
be
other
thus
that
the
way
number
examination
the
attached
cone
that seals
part of the
copies upon
shows
was
of such
case,
with
of the texts
cases
of those
the
duplicate copy
readings,important both linguistically
Hence
the
cases
of all the tablets
carefullyopened, the
inner
tablet
106
AND
BABYLONIAN
removed, and both
ASSYRIAN
tablets and
ANTIQUITIES.
here
are
cases
exhibited
side
side.
by
No.
recording the division
Deed
1.
by Belitsunu and Khishshatum

Rim-Sin, king of Larsatn.
inherited
of
of certain
and
and
four
of
murabi, king
half
shekels
land
and
their father.
from
Reign
[No. 33,201.]
Deed
No. 2.
recording the sale of a house
and
his two
Sinatum
brothers
Gimillum
to
maneh
houses
of
the high way

by
for one-third
of a
on
Reign of Kham-
silver.
[No. 92,501.]
Babylon.
Legal decision concerning the division of certain property

purchased by Siui-Ishtar and Ibku-Sin, and awarding two-thirds
of the property to the former
and one-third to the latter. Reign
of Khammurabi,
king of Babylon.
[No. 33,231.]
No. 3.
No. 4.
Deed
iddina for two-thirds

of
Khammurabi,
No.
4.
wife
to
king
of
No.
and
of
king
of
maneh
and
two
house
and
shekels
by Naunarsilver.
Reign
land
of
[No. 92,581.]
Babylon.
and his
recording the sale of a house by Kishnunu
of Ilushu-bani.
Ibi-Ninshakh,the son
Reign of Apil-Sin,
Babylon.
[No. 92,588.]
Deed
Deed
6.
Eribam
recording the sale of a piece of land by Manium

Reign of Apil-Sin,king of Babylon.
Nishi-inishu.
to
[No. 92,593.]
No.
ili to
Deed recording the sale of a house by Ai-rib and Appan7.

and
Iltani for five-sixths of a maneh
five shekels of silver.
of Sin-muballit,king of
No. 8.
Babylon.
[No. 92,586.]
Deed
recording the sale of a house, the property of the

Sun-god and of the goddess Ai, to Ainat-Shamash, the priestessof
the Sun-god. Reign of Sin-muballit,king of Babylon.
[No. 92,657.]
No.
Deed
9.
division
Shainash.
No.
recording the share
of certain
10.
property
between
which
Judgment
against Khammurabi-Iudari
brought by ihein to gain possession of

".f Uin Sin.
Keign of Sainsn-ilnna.
11.
and
received
her
in
sister Araat-
Reign of Sin-muballit,king of Babylon. [No.92,658.]
action
Min-Shaiii.t
Erishtum
herself
and
garden
in
Apil-ili
an
the property
[No. 88,285.]
recallingthe division of their father's property by

Iribain-Sin,Il"i-Nins|i;ikh,
Shamshia,
Iln-nasir, and
J; i"_" 1 1 of khamiinirabi, king of Mabvlon.
Deed
li,
Muri-irBitini.
"
"
[No. 83,909.]
GUIDE
No.
recording the
Deed
12.
property of Lamasu
king of Babylon.
AND
ASSYRIAN
transfer
of
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
three of her
to
portion
Reign
sons.
107
ROOM.
of
the
of
Khammurabi,
'
[No. 33,219.]
and
recording the sale of a house by Amel-Nannar
fur five and one-third of a shekel
Aplum to Sini-Ishtar and Apil-ili
of silver. Reign of Khammurabi,
king of Babylon.
No.
Deed
13.
[No. 33,223.]
"
No. 14. Deed recording the sale of a piece of land by Ana-Sinfor two
and a half
emid and Libit-Ishtar to Sini-Ishtar and Apil-ili
shekels of silver. Reign of Samsu-iluna,king of Babylon.
[No. 33,239.]
No.
Deed
15.
Shamash
recording the sale of a piece of

Akhatani.
Reign of Khammurabi, king
to
by RishBabylon.
land
of
[No. 92,638.]
No.
Receipt for
16.
ten
shekels
by
two
of
Khammurabi, king of Babylon.
brothers
No.
17.
Deed
No.
18.
Deed
with
whom
silver
of
had
the money
paid to Sini-Shamash
deposited. Reign
been
[No. 33,227.]
recording the dissolution of partnership between

Sini-Ishtar and Iribam-Sin,and the division of their common
capital
and stock.
of
Reign of Khammurabi, king
Babylon.
[No. 33,230.]
to
son
Imgur-Sin
for one-third
of
house
his
and
by Lelleta
six shekels
maneh
of silver.
[No. 33,190.]
No.
19.
Deed
recording the sale of a house by Ibni-Rammanu

and
fur two
one-third shekels of silver.
Apil-ili
Rim-Sin, king of Larsam.
[No. 33,162.]
Sini-Ishtar and
to
Reign
of
No. 20.
Deed recording the sale
Igmil-Sin for four shekels of silver.
of
21.
Deed recording the sale of
two-thirds of a shekel of silver.
No.
Deed
22.
Sini-Ishtar
of
Abi-khibum
by
house
garden for three
and
[No. 33,187.]
to
recording the sale of a house by Akhi-kilim
his brother Apil-ili.Reign of Samsu-iluna, king
and
Babylon.
No. 23.
Deed
Sini-Ishtar
and
to
[No. 33,182.]
No.
and
house
[No. 33,246.]
recording sale of
for four and
Apil-ili
house
a
a
and
field
half shekels
by Minani
to
of silver.
[No. 33,228.]
No.
by
24.
Deed
recording the
Ur-Nintura
and
Rammanu-rabi
one-third
shekels
of silver.
sale
Reign
to
of
of
certain
houses
aud
land
for five and
Rammanu-nasir
Rim-Sin, king
of Larsam.
[No. 33,193.]
108
BABYLONIAN
No.
of
for six skekels
ANTIQUITIES.
recording-the sale of a house by Apil-Rammanu

silver.
.Reignof Rim-Sin, king of Larsam.
Deed
25.
ASSYRIAN
AND
[No. 53,197.]
No. 26.
for
Deed
and
eight
recording the sale

of
piece of land
shekels, fifteen
two-thirds
Samsu-iluna, king
of
silver.
of
she
to
Idin-Sin
of.
Reign
[No. 33,238.]
Babylon.
recording the sale of a house by Minani and Iliof

half shekels
and
for three and
to Sini-Ishtar
turam
a
Apil-ili
of
of
Larsam.
silver. Reign
Rim-Sin, king
[No. 33,196.]
No.
27.
Deed
No.
28.
Deed
Ikunka-Ishtar
Pirkhum
to
for ten
of Larsam.
Sin, king
No.
and
by Ana-Sin-emid
Rimshekels of silver.
Reign of
[No. 33,163.]
recording the sale
29.
Deed
of
recording the sale
and
Sin-uzelli for two
Larsam.
of
Sin, king
house
of
of
quarter shekels
by Sin-ublam to
silver.
Reign of Rim[No. 33,194.]
house

and
of
for one
two-thirds
brother Apil-ili
king of Babylon.,
Reign of Khammurabi,
No.
30.
Deed
his
No.
31.
Deed
Idin-Sin
sale
recording the
shekels
for five
of
of
shekel
[No. 33,217.]
by Iluka-Ea
Samsu-iluna, king
of
32.
of
No.
recording the
Deed
Idin-Sin for two
king
and
his
No.
Minu,
by Shubula-nasir to
Reign of Samsu-iJuna,
house
half shekels of silver.
Deed

a
half shekels of
35.
silver.
and
Naramtani
to
[No. 33,242.]
house
Deed
Deed
Sini-Ishtar and
Reign of Samsu-iluna,
house
recording the sale of a

shekels of
brother
for two
Apil-ili,
king of Babylon.
No. 34.
to
silver.
house
Reign of
Kubuitum.
Deed
No.
".f
the sale of
recording
;i
m;
nch
pieeo of
of silver.
Babylon,
37.
Ubkhara.
Deed
and
"ini-Ishtar
Reignof
murabi,
Kham-
by Inbatum, BeliSamsu-iluna,
king
[No. 92,582.]
KiMiti-siiani.-isii for half
king
to
[No. 33,220.]
Babylon.
\. ..:;"'..
of
[No. 33,252.]
for five and

Apil-ili
of
Babylon.
king
oi
sale of
Babylon.
33.
to
[No. 33,245.]
Babylon.
No.
and
silver.
of
house
Reign
silver.
Sini-Ishtar
to
recording
t In-
adoptionof
land
by lltani
to
Reign of
Khammurabi,
[No. 92,650.]
Ibni-Shamash
l"\ Arad-
[No. 92,581.]
sale
of
his brother
to
of
38.
No.
Arad-Shamash
Deed
five shekels
of silver.
king
Khammurabi,
No.
Ishtar, stating
that
from
purchased
Reign
property.
in the
houses
the
Ibku-Sin
by
land
shekels
of
and
temple of the Sun-god by Siniwhich
and
he
his
and
have
brother
been
bought with his mother's

no
legal claim on the
king of Babylon.
others
Khammurabi,
by Mukhaddum
silver.
Reign
[No. 33,221.]
Babylon.
Iribam-Sin
of
pieceof
one-third
Sin-muballit have
that
and
land
his brother for

Apil-ili
of
Khammurabi,
Babylon.
king
[No. 33,225.]
of
and
Affidavit made
40.
money,
of
109
ROOM.
Sini-lshtar and
Reign
for three
ASSYRIAN
and
house
recordingthe sale of
Deed
No. 39.
to Ana-Sin-emid
of
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
GUIDE
have
[No. 33,222.]
No.
high
Deed
41.
recording the
by Sini-lshtar
road
from
of
lease
the
of
sons
house
Pirkhum
and
land
for ten
on
the
years.
[No. 33.200.]
No.
Deed
42.
recordingthe
of
loan
one
shekel
and
of silver.
sue
Deed
N. 43.
Ibku-Sin for seven
[No. 92,575.]
recording
and
the
sale
of
third shekels
house
of silver.
by Etelka-BGl
Ishtar
[No. 33,210.]
recordingthe transfer of certain property to Siuihis brother

Apil-ili. Reign of Khammurabi,
king of
Deed
44.
and
[No. 33,226.]
Babylon.
No. 45.
the
Legal decision
of
son
to
Reign of Khatn-
murabi, king of Babylon.

No.
twenty -five
in
an
brought by Ilushu-abushu,
action
Sin-nasir, against Arad-Bel
and
JVIini-Ishtar.
Apil-Sin,king of Babylon.
Reign of
[No. 92,583.]
No. 46.
Deed
recording the share of houses, land and slaves,
in a division of certain
Ibi-Sin
received
by
property. Reign of
Sin-muballit,king of Babylon.
[No. 92,585.]
No.
Deed
recordiug the division of certain lands among

and
and Apil-ili,
Idin-Shamash
and
his
Reign of Samsu-iluna,king of Babylon. [No. 33,237.]
47.
Sini-Shamash
Minanum,
brother.
No.
48.
for
Apil-ili
Deed
recording the sale
three
shekels of silver.
of
Reign
Babylon.
No. 49.
in-matim
Reign
of
house
of
to
Sini-lshtar and
Samsu-iluna, king of
[No. 33,244.]
Deed
recordingthe sale
of
piece of land by Shamashmaneh, five shekels of silver.

[No. 92,595.]
to Beltani
for one-third
of
110
AND
BABYLONIAN
ASSYRIAN
No. 50.
Deed recordingthe
from
Amat-Beltim
Belti-Shamash
Reign
of
of
Samsu-iluna, king
ANTIQUITIES.
receiptof
half
in payment
eh of silver
man
for
piece
Deed recording the share which

Kishatum
division of certain property between
himself and
Reign
No.
Ibi-Sin
of
Khammurabi,
Deed
52.
and
king
of
Babylon.
recording the
Naramtum
received
Belitum.
to
certain
in
brother.
of
Reign
piece of land by
Apil-Sin,king of
Babylon.
No.
his
[No. 92,580.]
of
sale
by
land.
[No. 92,6(34.]
Babylon.
No. 51.
a
of
[No. 92,G02.]
Deed
53.
recording the
Shamash-shatum
banui and
of Samsu-iluna,
in
of
king
share
by Sbamash-shuzicertain property. Reign
received
division of
Babylon.
[No. 92,659.]
No. 54.
Deed
recording the sale of a house by Sin-nur-matum
Shalurtum
to Sin-rimini.
Reign of Sumula-ilu,king of Babylon.
and
[No. 92,636.]
No.
Legal
55.
Napsanum
possessionof
decision
in an. action
brought by Belisunu,
and
his brother to gain
against Kuiatum
land.
Reign of Zabum, king of Babylon.
Matatum
and
certain
[No. 92,656.]
No.
Deed
56.
Shamash
recording the
Shat-Ai,
to
the
sale
Judgment in an action
Erishti-Ai to gain possession of
king of Babylon.
Receipt for
58.
Deed
59.
Shamash-khasir,
No.
l"\
Deed
60.
f""rone
Apil-ili
A
ut silver.
loan
for repayment
stipulation
No.
after
recording
the
lands
certain
priestessof Shamash.
No. 57.
No.
of
[No. 92,651.]
brought by Nishi-inishu against

house.
Reign of Samsu-iluna,
[No. 92,667.]
of
six
of
measures
eightmouths.
loan of fourteen
year
[No. 92,590.]
of four and
at the rate
one
of silver to
shekels
recording the hire of Nur-Martu
depositof
bricks, with
[No. 92,592.]
of Zariku.
son
Nur-
by
shekel of silver
two-thirds
father
his
from
of
shekel
paid.
was
[No. 92,646.]
No.
Deed
61.
recording the
Iribam, Khamzirum,
ii
of
and
No. 63.
Libit-I"htar
of bilver.
Sin-azu, for
Kim-Sin,king
No. 62.
cribam
to
Deed
of
sale
and
tun
house
a
a
by S.ini-Ishtar,
hall" shekels
of Larsam.
recording die
sale
[No. 33,198.]
of
piece of
to
recordingthe
Sini-Ishtar
of
l.'eign
anil
sale of
land
by
Sin-
[No. 92,649.]
his brother to Sin-ikishain.
Deed
of silver.
house
for
Apil-ili
.Samsu-iluna,king of
b\
live and
l"ab\ Ion.
Ana-Shi-emid
a
quarter
and
shekels
[No. .""3,2-l7.]
112
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
ANTIQUITIES.

of
Apil-ilifor two-thirds
Reign of Sanisu-iluna,king of Babylon.
No.
Deed
78.
Sini-Ishtar
to
No.
and
recording the
Deed
79.
Aiatia,the wife of Sin-nasir.
sale
Reign
of
by Sin-imguranni
a
shekel
silver.
[No. 33,236.]
slave
by Erishtum
Sin-muballit.
of
of
to
[No. 92,654.]
recording the sale of a house by Mukhadum,
Ili-idinnam,Sin-imguranni and Sin-ikisham, to Sini-Ishtar and Apilshekels of silver.
ili,for two
Reigu of Samsu-iluna, king of
Babylon.
[No. 33,250.]
No.
Deed
80.
No. 81.
Deed
recording the sale of a house by Ili-ippalzamto
and a half shekels of silver.
for two
Sini-Ishtar and Apil-ili
Reign
of Samsu-iluna,
king
of
Babylon.
[No. 33,243.]
and
recording the sale of a house by Mukhadum
for three and a third shekels
Ili-idinnam to Sini-Ishtar and Apil-ili
of
of silver.
Samsu-iluna, king of Babylon. [No, 33,255.]
Reign
K
No. 82.
Deed
No.
Deed
83.
Shamash-ennam.
by
No.
Deed
84.
recording the lease of certain lands from Lamazi

Reign of Apil-Siu,king of Babylon.
[No. 92,660.]
recording
loan of
by Lushtamar
corn
Sin, to be repaid after harvest.
to
Nidnat-
[No. 92,589.]
Deed recording the sale of a piece of land by Shamash85.

for one
shekel of silver. Reign of SamsuAmat-Shamash
nasir to
No.
[No. 92,663.]
iluna,king of Babylon.
No.
Deed
86.
to
of certain
property between
[No. 33,159.]
recording the sale of a house by Beltani for four

silver. Reign of Samsu-iluni, king of Babylon.
[No. 92,662.]
Deed
No. 87.
No.
division
Ludlul-Sin, and Abi-shebum.
Busasu, la and
of
shekels
recording the
Deed
88.
Mukhaditum.
recordingthe sale of a pieceof land by Nutubtum

Reign of Apil-Sin,king of Babylon.
[No. 92,578.]
No.
of
Legal decision concerning the possessionof
89.
date-palms. Reign
of
plantation
Sumula-ilu, king of Babylon.
[No. 92,640.]
m
v..
BeM
90.
and
N'o. 91.
Deed
recording the purchase of
others
two
by
!)"'""
I recording the sale of
Il"i-\'iiishal"lifor live shekels

..:
Babylon.
Sliih.ma/.i.
of silver.
bouse
Reign
piece of land from

[No. 92,576.]
by
of
Kish-Shainash
to
Samsu-iluna,king
[No;93,079.]
TO
GUIDE
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
113
ROOM.
recording-the lease of a house and field from SinKeign of Samsu-iluna,

imguranni by Sini-Ishtar for eight years.
[No. 33,253.]
king of Babylon.
No.
92.
Deed
No.
93.
Deed
his
and
to Sini-Ishtar
son
Keign
silver.
No.
recording
Mar-Baia, and
house
by Ana-Sin-emid
and
for two
Apil-ili
of
Babylon.
king
and
recording the hire
third shekels
his
from
of
[No. 33,254.]
from
Ibi-Ningirsu
of
Shamash-rimanni
of
Sin-akham-idinnam
Nin-sagilaud
of
sale
of Samsu-iluna,
Deed
94.
the
his
father
mother, Lamazi, by
days during harvest.

[No. 92,594.]
for ten
exhibited
interestingseries
inscribed
of tablets Avhich were
during the, rule of the kings
of
Ur
of the Second
(i.e.,
Dynasty
Mukeyyer) and during
that of the kings of the First Dynasty of Babylon ; they date
Table-Case
B.
about
B.C.
from
their
give
the
the total
2400
about
to
up
indicates
is little doubt
that
near
collection
and
of taxation
of
part
well
as
larg(
rivers and
data
as
these lists
of
canals
Babylonia,and
they supplied the
that
measurements
which
the
estates,
or
estate
or
form
they
the cities of Southern
about
The
with
care
first series
of fields
field
of each
districts
of the cultivable
survey
and round
of lists
The
The
2100.
statistics.
and
length and breadth

area.
superficial
two
B.C.
number
measurements
drawn
were
are
consists of
(Nos. 1-65)
with
Here
there
which
upon
the
employed by
and
It
is tolerably
based.
was
kings
priests
Babylonian
certain that the Babylonians, like the Egyptians, had
no
deep theoretical knowledge of arithmetic, geometry and
mensuration, but the lists here exhibited all show that they
were
ready in making practicalcalculations,and that
very
able to solve all the
in a rough and
they were
ready way
of produce, chiefly
dealt with
the amount
problems which
a piece of land, however
grain,which could be grown
upon
irregularits shape might be. The abilityto work out such
calculations was
of great value in a country like Babylonia,
system
revenue
the
where
the
and
areas
boundaries
constantlychanging owing
the Tigris and
Euphrates.
called Gan,
were
60
Gin) ;
GIN
(1
relative
the
GUR
SAR,
and
300
values
of
KA
present possibleto give

measures.
(1
measures
; 1 KA
these
The
GIN
principalcorn
of
the
to
GO
measures
their
fields
or
estates
frequent
principalland
GAN
were
inundation
were
of
measures
=
SAR; 1 SAR
called GAR, KA and
1800
GIN). But, although the

are
known, it is not a
in
equivalents
modern
English
114
BABYLONIAN
AND
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
It will be noticed
that the tablets of this series which, as
far as shape is concerned, are
probably unique, are dated
employed by the non-Semitic

Sumerian
inhabitants
of
Babylonia, that is to say by
the destruction
important events, such as militaryexpeditions,
of cities,
the founding of temples, the restoration
of
shrines of certain gods ; in fact almost
was
every
year
called after some
which
had
taken
event
place in
important
it. This system was
adopted by the early Semitic kings of
for a considerable
time ; as,
in use
Babylon, and continued
according
to
however,
it
the
system
found
was
it became
be
to
cumbrous
too
and
plicated,
com-
length superseded by another system

the regnal years of the kings were
used to date all
tinued
documents, legal or otherwise, and the latter system conin use
until the end of the Neo-Baby Ionian Empire.
It would
be impossibleto identifythe exact year in which
a
certain document
of the earlyperiod is dated, were
it not for
at
in which
the classified lists of events

and of which
examples may
which
be
have
down
come
in Table-Case
seen
to us,
The
E.
the tablets of this series are

circular in shape is
not apparent, for,the texts
being written in columns, much
of the superficial
and
much
is uninscribed
room
space
;
why
reason
would
be
The
their careful storage.

series of tablets (Nos. 36-105) forms a remarkable
Samsucollection
of letters
from
Khammurabi,
requiredfor
second
iluna
Abeshu',
Babylon, chieflyaddressed
"citiesof Larsam
and
it
intended.
was
after their
away
few
instances
letters.
the
address
the
of the
broken
portions of them
them
in
official for
thrown
In
open.
still adhere
the table-case
of
great
enclosed
was
clay envelopeswere
portion of
privatebetter by
to
will be
the
seen
the side of its envelope; as

it is probable that it was
not
deepfttched,
unbroken,
93,018, 93,018a.) Both
envelope and
ing
baked, and the former was
preventedfrom adherlatter by powdering the tablet with dry clay.
(See
were
to the
The
The
upper
envelope was
tablet
the
officials in
tablet
Each
recipientshad
small
In the
axample of
.in
with
kings
Ammi-zaduga,
high
to
Sippar.
clay envelope,inscribed
whom
and
Ammi-ditana,
writingon
Nos.
these
letters is of
cursive
character,and,
though
met
of the signs still retain

the complicatedforms
many
with
in the earlier periods,it is evident
from
many
that they
peculiarities
repn-s
that
nf
;i
found
were
very
period of transition in
"ii
the
tablets
of
the
They
quickly written.
which
lies
between
Writing
earliest periods(see Nos.
XVIII.
Plate
List
""f
eleven fields or
estate!
-v\
i1 11
measurement!
Bur-Sin,
[Babylonianand Assyrian Room,
No.
B.C.
18,039.]
and
statistics.
Reign
oi
2400.
(Seepage 115.)
GUIDE
1-35
by
found
were
series of letters and
of the
the writers
ASSYRIAN
C, Nos. 105-159),and
Table-Case
and
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
at Tell el-Amarna
(see Table
of tablets
of this group
character, for they afford some
The
contents
administration
of the
Babylonian empire
115
ROOM.
employed
that
despatcheswhich
Case F).
of
esting
very interinsight into the
under Khammurabi
are
We
learn that the governors
his immediate
successors.
received
their
instructions
of the great cities
directlyfrom
the king, and that every subjecthad the rightof appeal in
court at Babylon.
any serious disputeto the king's supreme
and
orders issued in these tablets refer to the cleaning and

repairof canals ; the transportof oil,wearing apparel,corn,
other
and
dates, sesame-seed
produce to Babylon ; the
The
providingof
wood
for
for
crews
the
for
the
transport; the supply of
purposes ;
shearingof sheep; the
rights;
their rightfulowners
posts ; the
to their
barges
various
presevation of
despatch to Babylon ; the transfer of legal and

to Babylon for hearing; the collection of revenue
of accounts, etc.
No. 51 is of peculiarinterest
that the king sent two
officers to inquireinto
briberywhich had
and
Diir-gurgurri,
formed
fishing
restoration of lands to
others
; the restoration of officials and
officialsand their
arrest of insubordinate
been
the
made
part of the bribe
all other
to be confiscated
were
the audit
relates
and
a
cases
charge of
the town
things which
againstofficials of
and
money
other
the king at Babylon. This group

oldest Babylonian letters known.
and
sent
comprises the
style is terse but
of tablets
The
for later scribes

generally clear, serving as a model
their
it
is
in
drafting
despatches;
strikingcontrast to
verbose compositionof the Tell el-Amarna
tablets.
No.
1.
List of
seven
fields
or
to
estates
with
in
the
and
measurements
statistics. [Reign of Bur-Sin, king of Ur.] Dated "in the

"
after that in which the land of Khukhnuri
laid waste."
was
year
[No. 19,030.]
No. 2.
List of eleven fields or estates with measurements
and
statistics. [Reignof Bur-Sin,king of Ur.] Dated "in the year
"
after that m which the land of Khukhnuri
laid waste."
was
[No. 12,910.]
No. 3.
List of eleven fields or estates with measurements
and
statistics. [Reign of Bur-Sin, king of Ur.] Dated "in the year
"
after that in which
laid waste."
the land of Khukhnuri
was
See Plate XVIII.)
[No. 18,039.]
i
116
No.
"
fields or
List of fourteen
4.
statistics.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
with
estates
after that in which
and
measurements
Bur-Sin, king-of Ur.] Dated
of
[Reign
ANTIQUITIES.
"
in the
year
laid waste."
was
[No. 18,040.]
No.
List
5.
statistics.
No.
six
of
with
estates
or
[No. 18,049.]
thirteen fields
List of
6.
[Reign
after that in which
or
the land
of
with
estates
of
Bur-Sin, king
of
and
measurements
[Undated.]
statistics.
"
fields
Ur.]
Khukhnuri
and
measurements
Dated
"in
the
year
laid waste."
was
[No. 24,959.]
No.
List
7.
fields
nine
with
estates
or
List
8.
statistics.
of
and
measurements
[Undated.]
statistics.
No.
of
[No. 18,053.]
six fields and
with
estates
and!
measurements
[Undated.]
[No. 18,057.]
No. 9.
with
and
List of three fields and estates
measurements
in the year
statistics. [Reign of Bur-Sin, king of Ur.] Dated
"
laid waste."
in which
was
[No. 18,054.]
"
No.
and
No.
[The
List
11.
statistics.
"
of
Part
10.
statistics.
of
[Reign
list of fields or estates

date is wanting.]
six fields
of
Bur-Sin, king of Ur.]

after that in which
measurements
[No. 29,370.]
with
estates
or
with
and
measurements
Dated
"in
the
year
laid waste."
was
[No. 18,047.]
No.
List
12.
Dated
statistics.
"
Kimash
No.
was
13.
statistics.
"
of
four
fields
the
"in
estates
or
after
year
with
that
which
List of fifteen fields
[Reign
after that in which
the
city
of
[No. 12,911.]
destroyed."
of
and
measurements
in
or
estates
Bur-Sin, king
of
with
Ur.]
was
and
measurements
Dated
"in
the
year
laid waste."
[No. 18,041.]
No.
14.
List
of
five fields
with
estates
or
statistics. [Reign of Bur-Sin,king of Ur.]

"
after that in which the land of Khukhnuri
wa9
and
measurements
Dated
"in
the
yew
laid waste."
[No. 24,904.]
No.
15.
statistics.
M
List
of
six
fields
[Reign of Bur-Sin, king
after that in which
the 1 md
of
with
estates
or
of
Ur.]
Khukhnuri
was
measurements
Dated
"in the
and
year
laid waste."
[No. 18,052.]
No.
16.
etatistics.
List of
nine
[Undated.]
fields
or
estates
with
measurements
and
[No. 18,050.]
118
BABYLONIAN
No. 31.
List of
statistics.
eight fields
Lulubu
and
Simuru
ANTIQUITIES.
with
estates
or
and
measurements
[Undated.]
Part of a
No. 32.
and statistics. Dated
"
ASSYRIAN
AND
[No. 18,079.]
list of fields
with
estates
or
measurements
in the year after that in which

the lands
laid
ninth
time."
waste
for the
were
of
"
[No. 15,278.]
No.
Part
33.
statistics.
"
Dated
list of fields or
List of three
34.
Dated
statistics.
Kimash
reign of Ine-8in, king of

[No, 25,037.]
of the
No.
No.
certain
which
in
the
city of
[No. 21,350.]
of
recording the receiptof various amounts
of
Bur-Sin, king
Ur.]
[No. 18,09(5.]
down
from
Khammurabi
Sin-idinnam, ordering him
to
wearing apparel and oil to Babylon. [No.23,337.]
Letter
37.
to cut
of
Letter
36.
to send
and
measurements
Document
[Reign
corn.
that
after
year
with
estates
or
and
measurements
destroyed."
was
No.' 35.
fields
in the
"
with
estates
in the first year
"
Dr."
No.
"
of
Khammurabi
from
certain
Sin-idinnam, ordering
to
for
quantity of abba-trees
and
Only well grown
vigorous
the lengths into which
they are to be cut
metal.
trees
by
use
are
him
smelters
of
and
felled,
to be
specified.
are
[No. 26,234.]
No.
Letter
38.
call out
to
within
out
the current
No. 39.
for
No.
Khammurabi
from
the dwellers
Letter
on
from
of
No. 41.
to be
Letter
restoration
barges
from
be
and
to
Letter
42.
former
from
desjatch them
Letter
the
Inrettig"te
free from
Kliammurabi
eight officialswho
No. 43.
to
it
with instructions
[No. 27,288.]
to
to him.
[No, 27,773.]
Sin-idinnam, ordering the
in
position
(he service
of
Tari-
[No. 23,159.]
arrest
to
clear
Sin-idinnam,ordering that,
been proved from an
batum.
No.
and
lands has
restored
Klianunurabi
of Sin-ilutohis
transport.
to
to certain
just,they
Sin-idinnam.
to
for
Khammurabi
Letter from
deed
ancient
to clean
[No. 25,071.]
Khammurabi
the claim of Ea-lii-bani
as
canal
month.
providing crews
40.
to
theDamanum
the
to
from
him
have
at
certain
which
obligations

to
HabylOO.
Khammurabi
affairs of
t""
refused
tin-\
to
proceed to their duties.

[No. 23,154.]
palace officials,and
have
to set
them
incurred
[No. 86,284.]
Khammurabi
from
Letter
No. 44.
brought againstApil-ili
[No. 12,830-1
corn
Amelu-tummumu.
by
him
despatch to
the
and
men,
No.
that
an
Sin-putram with
guard into his
under
Khammurabi
from
Letter
Sin-idinnam,announcing
to arrest eight
to
instructions
of
send them
46.
Khammurabi
from
Letter
No. 45.
119
ROOM.
Sin-idinnam, ordering-liim
to
investigatethe charge of theft of
to
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
GUIDE
intercalarymonth
[No. 12,832.]
presence.
to
Sin-idinnam, decreeing
in the calendar.
(second Elul)be inserted
[No. 12,835.]
despatch
the
from
Khammurabi
certain
officials to
Letter
No. 47.
of
which
the district of Larsam
Sin-idinnam, announcing
to
inspect the sheep and cattle id
the property of the king.
are
[No. 12,837.]
No.
from
Letter
48.
Khammurabi
despatchforty-sevenshepherds
to
to the
account
an
king
to
Babylon, that they

under
their charge.
to
of the flocks
may
give
[No. 23,122.]
him
to
from
Letter
No. 49.
send
certain
Khammurabi
from
man
to
Larsam
to
Sin-idinnam, commanding
Babylon.
[No. 23,127.]
No. 50.
regard
with
Khammurabi
from
Letter
to certain
to
structio
Sin-idinnam, giving inand
workmen
sailors.
[No. 12,826.]
No. 51.
Khammurabi
from
Letter
to
Sin-idinnam, announcing
despatch of Shumma-la-ilu with two officers to inquireinto a

charge of bribery made against certain officials of the city of Durgiven as the bribe is to
gurgurri. The king orders that the money
the
be confiscated
No. 52.
and
sent
Samsu-iluna
from
Letter
the
instructions concenrng
Shamash
at Larsam.
No.
of
53.
Letter
Sippar, with
from
[No. 12,829.]
him,
to
supply
to
of
and
Sin-ilu
corn
for
others,with
temple of
the
[No. 13,936*]
Samsu-iluna
concerning
directions
to Sin-idinnam
and
the
judges
the collection of certain taxes.
[No. 27,268.]
No. 54.
of
from
Letter
Sippar, with
Samsu-iluna
instructions
fishingin forbidden
waters.
to
to Sin-idinnam
prevent
certain
and
the
fishermen
judges
from
[No. 27,269.]
to Ibni-Sin,with instructions
Letter from Ammi-zaduga
No. 55.
is to take place in the house of
to attend a sheep-shearing,which
Year.
the Feast of the New
[No. 92,677.]
120
attend
the Feast
No.
58.
send
to
despatched one
No. 59. Letter

that
orders
Larsam,
month
Khammurabi
to
of
who
men,
Khammurabi
from
to
captains of ships
that they reach Babylon on
Letter
Khammurabi
from
officials to
despatch of certain
to
may
the
containing
despatched from
thirtieth day of the
be
may
Letter
63.
to transfer
certain
No.
to
which
had
Sin-idinnam, with
for the
intended
No.
for
65.
send
from
Khammurabi
him
of certain
men
Sin-idinnam, with
to
guard
the
of
of the
city
tions
instruc-
of Ur
to
[No. 23,144.]
from
Khammurabi
subordinate
Letter from
officer of
to
Apil-Shamash
ordering him
Babylon.
[No. 23,136.]
Sin-idinnam, rebuking him

Babylon,and ordering him to
travel day and night.
to
to
thither,with instructions
Sin-idinnam,
to
Khammurabi
despatchingEnnbi-Mardnk
not
use
[No. 23,145.]
ninety
Letter
despatch a
tions
direc-
to
been
ship.
64.
their
[No. 23,147.]
Khammurabi
from
corn,
to
cattle,to Babylon.
No.
render
[No. 23,148.]
Letter
the
send
Sin-idinnam, ordering the
Babylon, that they
61.
No. 62.
be
to
are
Sin-idinnam,
him.
to
Khammurabi
Letter from
for the transfer of an official.
No.
orders
[No, 23,152.]
60.
accounts
of
[No. 23,153.]
time.
house
Sin-idinnam, with
number
certain
so
instructions
in the
place
Adar.
No.
to
take
[17,334.]
Babylon
to
at
lbni-Sin,with
to
to
Year.
from
Letter
him
[No. 17,298.]
from
of the New
the Feast
for
Year.
Ammi-zadug-a
sheep-shearing which is
Letter
attend
ANTIQUITIES.
from
the New
of
No. 57.
to
ASSYRIAN
Ammi-zaduga to Ibni-Sin,with instructions

is to take place in the house
of
sheep-shearing which
Letter
No. 56.
to
AND
BABYLONIAN
to
[No. 26,250.]
No. 66.
to
Letter
from
despatch Sheb-Sin
to
Khammurabi
to
Babylon with certain
monies.
[No. 12,838.]
No.
67.
1., arrest
No.
CM.
Letter from
three ollicials. and
from
Letter
dispute between
for land
Kbammnrabi
to
Sin-idinnam,orderingbim
to Uabylon.
despatch
[No. 12,840.]
them
khammurabi
landlord and
t""
tenant
to Sin-idinnam, concerning
about
the
of rent
payment
[No. 23,120.]
121
ROOM.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
GUIDE
him
Sin-idinnara,ordering
who
and Ani-ellati,
had unjustly
Lalum
between
to annul a contract
of
the
Lalum, and taken
laid claim to certain corn-lands,
property
No.
Letter
69.
possessionof
No.
[No. 12,821.]
Khammurabi
from
treasury,
due
placed the monies

Letter
No. 71.
to clear
out
to him
obliged
canal
to
into his hands.
in the
Erech
to
Letter
72.
have
men
from
Khammurabi
who
despatch Enubi-Marduk,
Babylon.
Letter
No. 73.
certain
of
men
king
in
the
to
their deed
cancelled
to
to the
of three
course
[No. 12,818.]
certain
him
not
[Xo. 23,123.]
days.
No.
royal
had
Sin-idinnam, instructing
to
in the city of
to the
in
pay
Gimil-Marduk
and
Khammurabi
from
Sin-idinnam, concerningthe
to
had
been
Sheb-Sin
although Enubi-Marduk
which
revenues
him
to
the crop.
Letter
70.
Khammurabi
from
took their lands
mortgage,
on
[No. 12,841.]
Khammurabi
from
Sin-idinnam,reportingthat
of mortgage, and
ordering
Sin-idinnam, asking why
to
guardians of the
city
have
of Erech
been
sent
[No. 12,828.]
Babylon.
Abeshu'
Letter from
No. 74.
instructions for the reaping of
Marduk-nasir
to
field of
certain
and
others,with
corn.
[No. 26,960.]
No.
orders
No.
Letter
75.
from
for the payment

76.
Sippar,
Letter
with
Abeshu'
of certain
from
instructions
for
the
the
of
merchants
Sippar,with
[No. 26,962.]
taxes.
to Sin-idinnam
Abeshu'
by the floodingof
necessary
to
carrying
and
certain
out
Irnina canal.
judges
the
works
of
made
[No. 26,970.]
and
the judges of
Letter from Abeshu'
to Sin-idinnam
77.
Sippar,with instructions to send a case to Babylon for trial.
No.
[No. 27,266.]
No. 78.
orders
Letter
for the
from
payment
Abeshu'
of
to
Marduk-nasir
tribute which
and
others, with
is overdue.
[No. 27,745.]
Letter from Ammi-ditana
to Marduk-mushalim
directions for the supply of corn
to the district of
No. 79.
with
and others,
Shagga.
[No. 92,626.]
No. 80.
of
Letter from
to the
Ammi-ditana
with
Sippar-iakhrurun,
orders
to
pay
scribe of the merchants
certain tribute.
[No. 92,678.]
No. 81.
women
Letter
from
Khammurabi
to
Sin-idinnam, containing
structio
in-
concerning the transport of certain goddesses and their

from E!am to Babylon.
[No. 23,131.]
attendants
122
Lelter
No. 82.
which
due
was
ANTIQUITIES.
Khammurabi
from
Babylon
send to
to
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
two

receivingofficers with sesame-seed,
revenue-
to
harvest,under the
before
of
escort
trustworthy
[No. 23,130.]
officer.
No.
Khammurabi
from
Letter
83.
for the restoration
Sin-idinnam, with
to
of certain
to their former
men
tions
instruc-
positions.
[No. 15,348.]
No.
ordering*him
arrive
at
of
Part
84.
certain
letter from
to make
Khammurabi
that
arrangements
the first
place on
to
number
Sin-idinnam,
slaves
of
day of the month
shall
Siran.
[No. 15,862.]
No. 85.
Khammurabi
from
Letter
Sin-idinnam,instructing
to
so
appoint additional sheep-shearers,
completed quickly.
him
to
No. 86.
Letter from
Khammurabi
merchant, three years

No.
to
to
be
may
with
interest
from
borrowed
of
loan
Ilushu-ibi,a
[No. 12,864.]
Khammurabi
despatch Shamash-magir
work
[No. 15,329.]
before.
Letter from
87.
to repay
had
the
to
compel Sin-magir,the governor,

which
he
of corn
thirtymeasures
to
that
Sin-idinnam,ordering
Babylon without delay.
to
him
[No. 23,129.]
No.
Letter from Khammurabi

and
despatch the two hundred
to
88.
command
of Nannar-iddina
of Ibni-Martu.
forces
No. 89.
Letter
for
the
repair of
the cities of Larsam

No.
90.
Letter from
under
to
the
join the
[No. 12,863.]
tions
Sin-idinnam,with instrucriver
of the
Euphrates between
to
the banks
and
who
are
forty men
from Assyria and Shitullum
Khammurabi
from
to
Erech, etc.
Khammurabi
[No. 12,817.]
to
for the restoration of certain
tions
Sin-idinnam, with instructo their
men
former
positions.
[No. 12,816].
No. 91.
send
to
from
Letter
Khammurabi
Hal "y !""n the defendant

in
of the plain
till'.
to
an
Sin-idinnam,with orders
action
at
loo-ether with
law
[No.12,815.]
the witnesses
92.
No.
fur
the
Khammurabi
Letter from
restoration of
baker
to
to
all
to
Sin-idinnam, with directions
his former
position;
[No. 12,812.]
'":'.. Letter
from
Khammurabi
to
linn
to
in the
workmen
carry
put
in
out
certain
tli"'
chsrgs of
city of Larsam,
works.
G {milium
that
under
Sin-idinnam,
instructing
fellow overseer
their direction they may
and
[No. 12,8*25.]
GUIDE
No.
to Sin-idinnam,ordering-him
Khammurabi
and,
appeal of an official of the city of Medem
investigatethe
to
when
the
heard
he has
123
ROOM.
from
Letter
94.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
give judgment.
the defendant, to
of
case
[No. 12,846.]
Khammurabi
to Sin-idinnam, concerning
Letter from
95.
which Ili-ippalzamhas brought against Sin-gimlanni and
the case
of
The
Libit-Ishtar.
king decrees that inasmuch as the presence
No.
in the city of Ur
necessary
festival,the trial sliall be postponed.
is
Ili-ippalzam
a
No.
Part
96.
arranging
of
letter
during the celebration
[No. 12,827.]
Khammurabi
from
of
Sin-idinnam,
to
[No. 12,849.]
for the hire of certain workmen.
Khammurabi
to Sin-idinnam,announcing
Letter from
who
is
of
to
Shunurkhali,
bring back to Babylon dates
despatch
No.
the
and
97.
which
sesame-seed
ready
No.
for
98.
Letter
the
bringingof
No
and
for
priestwith
with
Abeshu'
certain
despatch of
the
for
for the
[No. 26,969.]
Sin-idinnam,
to
with
Apil-Nabium
to
payment
orders
for
[No. 26,251.]
palace.
Abeshu'
from
orders
palace.
to the
others,with orders
[No. 27,254.]
from
tribute
despatch of
the
Abeshu'
from
Letter
101.
made
judges of
the
and
to Marduk-nasir
Abeshu'
for the
Letter
100.
and
packed
[No. 12,855.]
from
Letter
99.
ship to bring corn

No.
have
transport.
Sippar,with instructions
to Babylon.
men
No.
is to
Sin-idinnam
of tribute
and
which
Taribatum
is overdue.
[No. 27,249.]
No.
Letter from
102.
Abeshu'
Sippar,with instructions
Babylon.
No.
for
to
Sin-idinnam
the bringing back
the
female
judges of
slave
to
[No. 27,248.]
Samsu-iluna, with instructions to an official

the transport of an image of the goddess Annunitum
Letter from
103.
for
to arrange
to Sippar-edina.
No.
and
of
Letter
104.
to
summon
[No. 92,679.]
from
a
Sin-idinnam
certain
man
to
to attend
with
legal official,
at
structio
in-
court.
[No. 12,868.]
No.
105.
Letter
from
the wife of Sin-idinnam.
two
men
to Akhatim
presentinga petition
[No. 92,652.]
124
AND
BABYLONIAN
C.
Table-Case
the
In
"
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
part of this
upper
case
are
hibited
ex-
interestingseries of memorial
tablets,
large and
of
and
alabaster
stone
bronze
figures,
clay cones, fragments
in the earlyBabylonian character with votive
inscribed
vases,
and other texts, datingfrom about B.C. 4500 to about B.C. 626.
In the lower
portion is a series of very fine examples
with
of large tablets inscribed
accounts, lists of grain and
and slaves, and
for workmen
produce, and lists of provisions
of cattle and sheep,etc., drawn
inventories
up in connection
a
the administration
with
of the
Babylonia about
great temples in Southern
of the
of
Most
language, which
Sumerian
this
in
inscriptions
the
non-Semitic
in
was
of
inhabitants
case
the
that
property and
government
in
written
are
use
common
2400.
B.C.
the
among
the
very
early
country from
times.
No.
Portion
1.
"
Babylonian
of
limestone
slab,inscribed in archaic
which
semi-pictorial.The
characters,
are
exceedingly early period, but as no

mentioned, it is impossible at present to assign
exact
date, but it is probably as early as b.c. 4500.
to
No.
an
Limestone
2.
characters
with
of
text
line-
longs
be-
is
king's name
the
to
object an
[No. 22,506.]
inscribed in archaic
of the dedication
record
"*
mace-hcad
"
"
temple
Babylonian
Ningirsu
to
Shirpurla (Lagash) about b.c. 4500.

sculpturedrude figuresof an eagle,
the lions are
to be
considered by some
Shirpurla.
[No. 23,287.]
of
governor
the object in relief are
by Enannadu,
Around
eagle and
A ions,etc.
The
the
of the
emblem
cityof
Frag-ment of an alabaster vessel with inscriptionof

about b.c. 4500.
Urukagina,
[No. 90,902.]
king of Shirpurla,
No.
3.
No.
4.
Fragment
of
an
alabaster
vessel
inscriptionof
with
cation
an
Uru-mu-ush,
early king- of Babylonia, recording the dediof the vessel to a god, and stating that it formed
part of
the Elamite
No.
and
spoil,about
Fragment
5.
of
title of Uru-mu-ush,
b.c.
an
[No. 91,020.]
3800.
alabaster
abort
B.C.
vessel
inscribed with
the
name
[No. 91,019.]
8800.
in arohaic Babylonian
object with
inscription
dedicated to the Sun-ôd ;ti Sippu-a by Sargon, king of
characters,
No.
Stone
G.
;i'ii\abonl
"
that in the
Tim
of
u"e
ftCCepti
1.
3800.
Nabonidus
cylinder of
states
b. o.
1 1
mi.
II.;i
course
1 " "i i
oMMta
of
date of this kingiffknown from a

which
(No 91,109, Bee Case "i. No. ("..""),
he was
of certain WOtV. which
undertaking
The
tl unknown,
tli"'iiiwilli
but
iniuv-bowls.
wo
retain
hero
tbo
commonly
126
BABYLONIAN
Nos.
B.C.
Bronze
18-20.
Presented
2500.
Nos.
Lagash,
about
Nos.
42-47.
the
2500.
b.c.
Lagash, about
the
commemorative
titles of Gudea,
and
viceroy of
[Nos. 90,874, 91,037-91,055, 91,067.]
name
objects, for
and titles of
name
Plate
(See
2500.
b.c.
objects, for
clay conical
Baked
inscribed with
purposes,
of
clay conical
with
inscribed
purposes,
J.
by
ANTIQUITIES.
Gudea, viceroy of Lagash, about

Fremlyn Streatfeild,Esq.
[Nos. 91,058, 91,057, 91,056.1
statues
Baked
21-41.
ASSYRIAN
AND
commemorative
Ur-Bau;
viceroy of
XIX.)
[Nos. 91,061-91,066.]
Nos.
Baked
inscribed with
clay conical
48-50.
purposes,
Shamash),
Nos.
the
objects, for
and
name
titles of
early Babylonian ruler.
an
(Amel-
[Nos. 15,781-15,783.]
Fragments of stone and alabaster

of early Babylonian rulers.
inscriptions
51-54.
portionsof
commemorative
Mul-Utu
vases,
bearing
[Nos. 12,033, 22,451, 22,452, 90,903.]

No.
Part
55.
of
of
inscription
an
earlyBabylonian
an
ruler.
[No. 33,429.]
No.
56.
about
b.c.
temple
to
No.
57.
king of the second dynasty of Ur,

recording the dedication of a
inscription
Tablet
of Bur-Sin,
2400,
with
[No. 91,014.]
goddess.
Bronze
of
statue
Gamil-Sin,
of the
in the character
king
2400,
basket of first-fruitofferingsinto the presence
b.c.
of
Babylonia,about
priestlyofficial who
carried
the
of the god.
[No. 91,017.]
of
early Babylonian king

attitude of devotion.
with hands clasped together in an
Figures
at
the
to
in
inserted
of this class,which
a
were
feet,
point
taper
wherein
slabs in an
stone
upright positionin the closed chambers
beneath
the
the votive and other inscriptions
were
placed
temples,
No.
58.
about
b.c.
Bearded
bronze
statue
an
[No. 91,016.]
2500.
official who
of a royal personage
statue
or
of
the
families
non-Semitic
of
Sumerian, or
origin,
belonged to one
about
in
southern
2500.
at
b.c
Lagash
reigned
Babylonia,
whirl)
No.
59.
Plate
(See
No.
king
CO.
of
No.
Limestone
Terra-cotta
Erech, about
61.
Ancient
Sin-gashid, king
No.
was
fi2.
Bronte
probably
before
[No. 90,929.]
XX.)
u.c.
cone
B.C.
with
the
name
of
Sin-gashid,
[No. 91,150.]
2400.
in clay of a stone tablet and Inscription

of
copy
of Erech,-ibout n.c. 2400.
[No. 91,081.]
bom
dedicated
2500.
inscribed
with inscriptionin irohtJQ characters.

to
god by
an
early BaixylonUa
It
king
[No. 90,951.]
,5
S ^8
TO
GUIDE
No.
of
governor
No.
or
Terra-cotta
63.
Mabug,
BABYLONIAN
THE
Bronze
64.
Rim-Aku),
son
cone
ASSYRIAN
AND
with
inscribed
Elam, about
the
figureof Arad-Sin
of Kudur-Mabug,
Kudur-
[No. 91,149.]
(or Rim-Sin, or Eri-Aku,

king of Babylonia,about b.c.
[No. 91,144.]
2300,
Nos.
No.
Babylonia,about
temple to
Mabug.
a
No.
70.
of
No.
B.C.
Tablet
Tablet
of
Rim-Aku,
king
of
to
Kudur-Mabug
[Nos.21,890-21,893.]
behalf
of
inscribed with
himself
and
his father, Kudur-
and
name
titles of
Rim-Aku,
[No. 90,898.]
with
and
inscriptionrecording the foundation
the
to
wife
of
the
temple
goddess Ninigal, by
Babylonia, about b.c. 2300.
[No. 90,899.]
of
inscribed
cone
Larsam, about
Terra-cotta
73.
the
2300.
b.c.
Terra-cotta
72.
idinna, governor
No.
of
[No. 91,085.]
endowment
No.
dedication
and
[Arad-Sin],
cylinder of Rim-aku
[Arad-Sin],king of
the
2300, recording
buildingand dedication of
Babylonia, about
71.
with
2300.
b.c.
goddess on
inscribed
of Rim-Aku
Limestone
69.
tablets
Stone
65-68.
goddess on behalf
about
(hisfather),
king
of
name
2300.
b.c.
127
ROOM.
b.c.
with
2300.
inscriptionof
cone
the
of
name
Sin-
[No. 91,152.]
early Babylonian
an
king.
[No. 91,153.]
No.
74.
behalf
of
No.
75.
Nos.
76
Tablet
recordingthe
dedication
of
temple
Sin-gamil, king of Erech.

Bronze
and
Khammurabi,
figureof
77.
Bronze
king
of
king
to
god
on
[No. 91,082.]
of
ornaments
Babylon, about
Babylonia. [No. 91,145.]

inscribed
b.c.
with
the
name
of
2200.
[Nos. 22,455, 22,456.]

No.
about
to
the
Plate
No.
about
78.
Limestone
b.c.
2200, with
goddess
XXI.)
79.
b.c.
Ninna
Limestone
tablet of
Khammurabi,
king of Babylonia,
inscription
recordingthe buildingof a temple
in the city of Khallab, near
Sippar. (See
[No. 90,939.]
tablet of
Khammurabi,
king of Babylonia,
2200, recording the buildingof the temple of the Sun-god
in Larsam.
Nos.
[No. 91,076.]
Baked
in the
inscribed
Sumerian
clay cones
of the buildingoperationscarried out at
language with an account
Sippar by Khammurabi, king of Babylonia.
[Nos. 91,069,91,070, 91,079, 91,154.]
80-83.
128
BABYLONIAN
Xos.
Baked
84-80.
with
clay
language
Sippar by Khammurabi,
of
king
ANTIQUITIES.
inscribed
in
the
Babylonian
buildingoperationscarried out at
Babylonia.
cones
of the
account
an
ASSYRIAN
AND
[Nos. 91,071-91,073, 91,077, 91,078, 91,080.]

Xo.
clay cylinderinscribed in the Sumerian language

buildingoperationscarried out by Sam.suBabylonia, about b.c. 2145.
[No. 22.507.]
Baked
90.
with
of the
account
an
iluna, king of
Xo.
"with
of
account
an
the
Oval
92.
Muttabil,
b.c.
2145.
of
Xo. 93.
about
b.c
[No. 91,084.]
of Kurigalzu, king of Babylonia,
Copy of an inscription
1400, recordingthe buildingcf a temple to the goddess
[No. 22,463.]
No.
idinna,
sculptured with a
Sun-god in the Temple
Tablet
94.
worship of
the
of the restoration
record
king
Babylonia,about
the Sun-god is seen
mythical beings
and
bar, which
Above
supportedby
the hands
by
or
the hand
is
the
the
deity,and
high priestof
king
the
to
last
do
roof
of
table stands
by means
position
of two
divine beingswho
Approaching the disk are
canopy.
first of these
solar
altar
an
The
in the form
column
the shrine upon

which
is held in
he
right hand
holds
symbolic of the sun's orbit,or

the three symbols of the Moon
are
are
870.
be
planet Venus.
the
scene
In the upper part

seated within a shrine upon
sculptured with figuresof
B.C.
relief; in his
in
may
his head
and
Sun
of which
sides
throne, the
representingthe
of Sippar,and inscribed
the temple by Nabu-pal-
of
of
of the tablet
a
titles of
Dur-ilu, a city of Babylonia,about
Xiuni.
with
and
name
2000.
b.c.
language,
by Samsu-
out
[No. 91,083.]
object inscribed with the
stone
early governor
an
Sumerian
buildingoperationscarried
iluna,king of Babylon, about

Xo.
in the
tablet,inscribed
Limestone
91.
of
the
disk
eternity.
the
and
shrine
palm-trunk.
is
Before
the disk of the sun,
of ropes tightlydrawn
in
form part of the celestial
three human
figures; the
Sun-god, who is leading

worship to the symbol of the
the
ligure is either
an
attendant
priestor
a
royal minister. The shrine of the god stands upon the
Celestial Ooean, and tin- fonr small disks upon which it rests
""" indicate I be fow cardinal
"eem
points. The text describes
the restoration of the Temple of the Sun-god by

Called Simmash-Shikhu
(about B.C. 1050) and
two
kings
E-ulbar-
1020). It then goes on to say

Nabu-pal idinna, king "I babylonia,lound and restored
the sculpturesof
anei.nt image of the Sun-god and
shakin-shum
(about
B.c.
th.it
thothe
Plate
Statue
[Babylonianand
of
an
earlySumerian
Assyrian
Room
No.
royal personage
90,929.]
or
XX.
official.
priestly
(See page
126./ 1
130
BABYLONIAN
No.
Black
97.
dated
stone
in the 12th
ANTIQUITIES.
tablet inscribed
wirh
of the
Simmash-shikhu,
of
reign
year
1050.
b.c.
Babylonia,about
No.
ASSYRIAN
AND
the text
of
title-deed
of
king
[No. 90,937.]
Cylinder made for Nabu-shum-usur, during the reign of

Nabu-shum-ishkun,
king of Babylonia,about b.c. 900.
98.
[No. 33,428.]
No.
iddiua,the
about
of
of
and
and
100
No.
possession of
inscription
recording
certain
Nabu-palBabylon,
[No. 90,922.]
king
of
[Nos. 90,936, 91,015.]
amulet
inscribed with
her,about
to
the
to
inscriptions
referringto grants
800-700.
B.C.
invocation
with
figureof a goddess
[No. 22,464.]
G50.
b.c.
Fragment of white marble

of the owner,
gazelles,and the name
and
estate
by Nabu-pal-iddina,
Tablets
101.
Limestone
102.
an
with
tablet
870.
land,about
No.
the
of Atnai,
son
b.c.
Nos.
basalt
Black
99.
confirmation
103.
inscribed with
palm
tree
Marduk-nasir.
[No. 91,006.]
No.
Four-sided
104.
block
clay inscribed
of
with
These
of stones, plants,fish,birds,garments, etc.

compiled in Babylon about b.c. 2100.
names
No.
105.
wanting.
Tablet
lists of
lists
were
[No. 92,611.]
concerning grain. The

Of the period of the Second
Dynasty of Ur.
of
the
date
accounts
is
[No. 21,897.]
No.
Tablet
106.
of
concerning the distribution of

Kimash
was
destroyed. Reign
[No. 23,581.]
accounts
grain ; dated in the year

Dungi, king of Ur.
in which
of
No.
Tablet
107.
Shirpurla
Lulubu
of
laid waste
were
concerning grain in the cities
accounts
for
the
in
Dated
Nina,.
and
in
year
ninth time,
the
of
Reign
of
and
Dungi, king
[No. 18,343.]
of Ur.
No. 108.
etc., in
that
Simurum
which
Tablet
Shirpurla,Nina
in
which
Kimash
and
was
the
concerning grain for
of accounts
oilier
places. Dated
temples,
tins year
in
after
of
destroyed. Reign of Dungi, king
[No.21,896.]
Ur.
No.
which
109.
Tablets
Kimash
was
of accounts;
in the
dated
destroyed,
lleign
of
year
after
that
in
Dungi, king of Ur.
[No. 19,023.]
No.
up
the
110.
f""r pin p
periodof
Inventoryof sheep
"
..I
revenue.
the Serond
and
The
Iambs.
This
tablel was
texl givingdate
Dynasty of Ur.
is
drawn
broken,
Of
[No. 28,110.]
Plate
of Khammurabi, kingof
Inscription
about
Babylonia,
and Assyrian
Babylonian
Room, No. 90,939.]
c.
XXI.
2200
(Seepage 127.)
GUIDE
No.
which
Tablet
111.
Kimash
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
of
dated
accounts;
destroyed. Reign
was
ASSYRIAN
AND
of
in the
Dungi,
131
ROOM.
after that in
Ur.
kiug
year
of
[No. 28,365.]
List of gangs of labourers
consistingof men, women,
of
amounts
the
with
children,
grain paid to them as wages.
in the year
in which
Dated
the city of Kharshi was
destroyed.
of
of
Ur.
Reign
Dungi, king
[No. 18,344.]
No.
112.
and
The
Portion
of a tablet of accounts.
No. 113.
Of the period of the Second Dynasty of Ur.
No. 114.
the Second
date
is
wanting.
[No. 19,719.]
concerning grain. Of the period of
Tablet of accounts
Dynasty of Ur.
[No.23,623.]
Tablet of accounts
concerninggrain ; dated in the year
made.
in which the great throne of the god Enlil (Bel)was
Keign
of Dungi, king of Ur.
23,635.]
[No.
No.
1 15.
No. 116.
Tablet of accounts
Kimash
after that in which
year
of
Reign
year.
No.
Tablet of accounts
concerning wool
Reign of Bur-Sin, king of Ur.
Tablet
118.
of silver.
amounts
destroyed.
was
No. 119.
mada
No.
year
[No. 17,751.]
of Ur.
117.
places.
No.
Dungi, king
concerning grain,referringto the

was
destroyed,and to the following
was
of accounts
Dated
Reign
after
in which
[Xo. 19,031.]
Tablets of accounts
concerning grain; dated
in which
Kimash
was
destroyed. Reign of Dungi,
in the
king of
[No. 18,957.]
Tablet
121.
year
of
of accounts
Bur-Sin,
122.
123.
Tablet
of
concerning grain ; dated
king of Ur.
in
the-
[No. 23,647.]
concerning grain; dated in theKhumurti

were
destroyed. Reign of
accounts
and
[No. 12,912.]
accounts
wanting.
concerning grain. The date is

[No. 22,450.]
No. 124.
This tablet was
drawn
Inventory of sheep and lambs.
for
of revenue.
Dated in the year after that in which
up
purposes
Kimash
was
destroyed. Reign of Dungi, king of Ur.
[No. 23,626.]
No.
Kimash
Inventory of cattle,dated in the year in which Badbuilt. Reign of Dungi, king of Ur.
[No.19,733.]
Tablet of
Kharshi
year in which
Dungi, king of Ur.
No.
[Xo.12,915.]
120.
accession
No.
that
Dungi, king of Ur.
Ur.
No.
different
recording the receiptof various
in the year
of
from
125.
Tablet of accounts
Sin, king of Ur.
concerninggrain. Reign of Bur[No. 24,960.]

k
132
AND
BABYLONIAN
No.
Kharshi
of accounts,
Tablet
126.
and
ASSYRIAN
Khumurti
in
dated
laid
were
ANTIQUITIES.
year
Reigii of
No.
which
in
year
ninth
Reign
1 28.
Tablet
No.
of
and
Lulubum
Dungi, king
of
accounts
laid waste.
was
accounts
Simurum
time.
Khukhnuri
of
Tablet
127.
of
Reign
which
Dungi, king
[No. 14,308.]
wraste.
Ur.
of
in
the
laid
were
Ur.
dated
in
the
for the
waste
[No. 23,627.]
in
in
the
of Bur-Sin,
year
king of
which
Ur.
[No. 23,632.]
No.
and
129.
Tablet
of accounts
were
laid waste.
Khumurti
; dated
Reign
in the year in which

Kimash
of Dungi, king of Ur.
[No. 18,346.]
No.
130.
Inventory of
of
up for purposes
king of Ur.
No.
131.
in which
cattle,etc.
asses,
The
revenue.
This tablet
date is broken.
was
Reign
of
drawn
Dungi,
[No. 12,913.]"
Tablet
Kimash
of accounts
concerning grain; dated in the

destroyed. Reign of Dungi, king of Ur.
was
year
[No. 24,953.]
No.
132.
in which
concerning grain; dated in the year

laid waste.
were
Reign of Dungi,
[No. 21,338.]
Tablet
of accounts
and Khumurti
Kharshi
of Ur.
king
No.
133.
amounts
of
Anshan
was
No.
134.
the
year
recording the receipt of various

in the year
of different qualities. Dated
after
wool
of
of
Ur.
destroyed.Reign
Dungi,king
[No.17,747.]
Tablet
of accounts
Tablet
of

built.
Reign of Dungi, king
accounts
temple of Dagan
was
in
of
the
Ur.
[No. 13,657.]
185.
No.
Anshan
year
Tablet
was
of accounts
concerning grain;
destroyed. Reign of Dungi, king
dated
of
in
the
Ur.
[No. 15,322.]
No.
136.
of
Tablet
accounts
concerning
Girsu.
in the year
Dated
in which
b of Bur-Sin,
of
Ur.
king
No.
"
137.
Dated in the accession
Girsu.
No.
year
of accounts
Tablet
13H.
in
Tablet
which
of
Kinmsh
jflwhich
Of Dr.
and
city of
destroyed Urbillum.
[No. 12,926.]
Bur-Sin,king of Ur.
[No. 15,296.]
concerninggrain; dated in the

Khumurti
destroyed. Reign of
accounts
and
were
[No. 21,340.]
Tablet of accounts
Kharshi
the
concerning grain in the city of

year of
'Dungi,
king of dr.
No. 189.
Bur-Sin
grail)in
Khumurti
concerning grain ; dated in the year

laid waste,
were
h'eignof Dungi,
[No. 21,336.]
Plate
Nabii-pal-iddina,
kingof Babylonia,about
Sun-godin
and Assyrian
[Babylonian
Room,
No.
the
B.C.
in
870, worshipping
XXII
the shrine of the
cityof Sippar.
91,000.]
(See page 128.)
134
No.
Tablet
153.
during
revenue
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
concerning grain received

period of five years.
Reign of Dungi, king
of
accounts
Cr.
as
of
[No. 18,358.]
No.
Tablet
154.
Of the
wanting.
of
accounts
concerning grain ; the date is
periodof the Second Dynasty of Ur.
[No. 23,625.]
No.
Tablet
155.
accession
No.
of Bur-
year
Tablet
156.
in which
year
concerning grain. Dated in the

Sin, king of Ur.
[No. 21,341.]
of accounts
concerning grain ; dated in the

destroyed. Reign of Dungi, king of
of accounts
Kharshi
was
Ur.
[No. 19,742.]
No.
after that
year
No.
in which
Aushan
concerning grain ; dated in the

was
destroyed. Reign of Dungi,
[No. 17,744.]
of
Inventory
158.
drawn
accounts
Ur.
of
king
of
Tablet
157.
for
up
of
purposes
and
cattle
Reign
revenue.
tablet
This
asses.
of
Dungi, king
was
Ur.
of
[No. 18,933.]
No.
The
Portion
159.
text
Second
of
the
containing
Dynasty of Ur.
Table-Case
exhibited
D.
In
date
tallet
is
of
wanting.
the
Of
[No. 23,619.]
the
upper
series of inscribed stone
concerning grain.
period of the
accounts
portion
of
and
slabs
this
other
is
case
objects
cylindersrecording the history of Assyria

from
2000
705 ; in the lower
about
to B.C.
B.C.
portion is
of
collection
engraved JSumerian,
placeda large and very fine
and
Assyrian,Persian,
Egyptian seal-cylinders,
Babylonian,
the
all of which
period which lies between
belongto
probably
;i
baked
ml
b.c.
and
2500
No.
clay
B.C.
300.
Brick of Irishiun,king of
1.
Assyria,about
B.C.
2000.
[No. 91,130.]
No.
2.
Stone
Pudi-ilu, king
Nos.
object inscribed with

Assyria,u.c. 1850.
Eight-sided baked
8-5.
of
of
account
campaign* and
Pileser
about
I., kin^- of Assyria,
the
lands
of
expedition against
tin-
the
and
name
titles
of
[No. 91,059.]
clay cylindersinscribed with
buildingoperations
""i'
bo.
1100.
M usliku
The
and
text
an
Tiglath-
describes
kninninkh
to
an
the
Assyria; an expedition
againslthe land of Shubari
ol
warriors
the
Khatti; the second expedition
and defeal of 1,000
of Mnratlash, and
0S1 Kunminkli
; the COOqueSl of the countries
of
tinsmith
b to
Assyria)an expeditionagainsl kite
whorofrom
of Assyria,
countries to the north
Tiglath-Pileser
noi'ih-ve.st
or
GUIDE
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
AND
ASSYRIAN
135
ROOM.
spoil,
along with twenty-fiveimages of gods ; the
of Assyria ; the
to the north
conquest of Nairi,and the countries
the
final
of
Nairi ; TiglathKarkemish
of
conquest
conquest
;
of the temples and
Pileser's huntiug expeditions; the restoration
and
other
cities
and
Ashur
the
in
general prosperity of
palaces
;
with
of the rebuildingof
account
an
Assyria. The text concludes
which
and Ramman
founded
the temple of Ann
was
by ShamshiSix hundred and fortyRamnian, king of Assyria,about B.C. 1820.
and
it
down
not
later
it was
one
was
Ashur-dan,
pulled
by
years
later.
about sixtyyears
rebuilt until the reign of Tiglath-Pileser,
This cylinder is dated in the Eponymy
From
of Ina-iliya-allak.
Kal'at Sherkfit,the site of the
city of Ashur."
brought back much
"
[Nos.91,033-91,035.]
Nos.
G and
Alabaster
7.
the
slabs inscribed with
name
and
titles
of the conquests and building

genealogy, and with a summary
of
king
operationsof Ashur-nas'r-pal,
Assyria from about u.c. 885
and
These
8(50.
to
b.c.
at
Balawat
slabs
Nineveh.
near
were
in
found
See No.
inscribed alabaster coffer
an
73, Nimroud
Gallery.
[Nos. 90,980, 90,981.]

Nos.
Alabaster
8-11.
slabs inscribed
with
the
name
of the conquests and

genealogy, and with a summary
of
of
operations
Ashur-nasir-pal,
Assyria from about
king
and
to
No.
Cylinder inscribed
king of Assyria,b.c
1 2.
Sargon,
No.
building
B.C.
885
with
chronicle
of
expeditions
[No. 22,505.]
of the
721-705.
clay cylinder inscribed with an

Eight-sided baked
and
of the campaigns
buildingoperationsof Sennacherib,
Assyria from b.c 705-681.
[No. 22,508.]
13.
account
king
titles
[Nos. 90,979, 90,984, 92,985, 92,986.]
860.
b.c
and
of
Nos.
have
A group
14-23.
of inscribed
of modern
imitations
(or "forgeries"')
which
of various periods,
Babylonian antiquities
last
the
in the East
twenty-five
during
been
made
years.
No.
14 and
engraved with figuresof Babylonian heroes, etc.,

the sculpturesfound at Tell
to have been copied from
seem
Loh.
The forgerapparentlyderived
from a
parts of his inscription
votive
offeringinscribed with a dedication to the god Ningirsu,
in more
than one
occur
parts of whose name
place on these objects.
Presented
W.
Talbot Ready, 1899.
by Mr.
[Nos.86,260, 86,261 .]
15
are
which
No.
16.
Siu, king
that from
portion).
Modern
stone
of Gamilplaque with forged inscription
Babylonia
which this forgerv
of
about
B.C.
was
2400.
Eor
copied,see
tablets
Table-Case
similar
to
C (upper
[No. 25,001.]
136
BABYLONIAN
Nos.
17-21.
ASSYRIAN
AND
ANTIQUITIES.
baked clay rectangular and

of the period of the 2nd
inscriptions
Modern
circular tablets
dynasty of Ur.
these forgerieswere
tablets similar to those from which
copied,
B and C (lower portion).
Table-Cases
forged
with
For
see
[Nos. 16,363, 23,650-23,652, 23,G65.]

Ncs.
and
22
taken
moulds
Babylon
of
which
from
those
from
from
baked
Modern
23.
genuine
604
B.C.
these
clay cylinders made
cylinders of
to
casts
Nebuchadnezzar
For
561.
B.C.
made,
were
from
II.
king
cylinders similar
Table-Case
see
to
(upper
[Nos. 93,012, 93,013.]
portion).
portion of the case is a series of the

of
hard stone
Cylinder-seals used by the Babylonians for purposes
For example, to ratifya contract
business or on solemn occasions.
of the witness
the cylinderbearing the name
or contracting
party was
tablet in the space provided
the moist clay of the contract
rolled over
in Table-Case
A.
thus
to
be seen
for it. Tablets
impressed are
Marble, jasper,rock-crystal,emerald, amethyst, topaz, chalcedony,
haematite, steatite,and occasionallyjade
onyx, agate, lapis-lazuli,
of seals.
The outline of the
employed in the manufacture
were
Xos.
design
In the
24-500.
cut
was
stone, and
The
hole
with
lower
of
metal
hollowed
out
made
graver
the
deeper parts were

piercedthrough the length
it by a string; and
secure
of
the
it
or
some
by
means
seal would
also
very hard
of a drill.
enable
the
be
worn
as
an
might
the
on
cylinder
engraving
ornament,
and
his
consisted of a figure of the owner
in its simplestform
A
further development
and
perhaps that of hi" father.
name,
the
he worshipped and
the figure of the god whom
introduced
the
In
of
time
held
of
whole
of
the
that
name
god.
process
of gods and
filled up with figures and emblems
cylinder became
whole
the
of
the
surface is
mythical animals, etc. Very commonly
ancient
from
an
legend,a representationof
occupied with a scene
incident of a sueof worship of one
of the gods, or sonic
act
an
to
owner
amulet,
or
ful
war
or
or
The
talisman.
of
fight)scenes
the conflict of the
mythicalheroes
of frequent oceurBSabaui with lions and bulls are

been
found
which
have
of
cylinder-seals
Specimens
rently
appafrom
belong to a periodabout b.c. 4000; and it is known
and
Gilgamesl)
reLce.
the
examples preservedin
B.C
Paris
thai
the
art
of
break from that
perioddown
the time of the Persian conquest of Babylon by Cyrus, about
found
in Southern
The old. -t examples are
588,
Babylonia,
ci" these the most
important is that of Sargon [.of Agade,
engraving
to
and
London
w;i^
carried
OH
without
the cylinder of Nabonidus,

Tahle-Case
555
(see
iu:.
G), must have
King of Babylon,about
in
ned about 8800 b,c.
Thiseeal is
the collectionof .M. de Uleroq,
The
I'aiis.
of cylinder and other seals was
use
;it
apparently
I- i rowed fn no t be asaj riana by the Phoenicians in about the eighth
a Dumber
ol typical
"ii
examplesof the most interesting
j u.c.
who, accordingto the statement
on
TO
GUIDE
cylinderseals
of
classes
BABYLONIAN
THE
been
have
grouped
beginning-of the
the
at
137
ROOM.
ASSYRIAN
AND
collection.
No.
inscribed
Cylinder-seal
24.
city of
viceroy of the
TJr about
of
into
the
No.
1.)
b.c.
Ishkun-Siu, and
The
2500.
of
presence
Sin,
scene
the
Khashkhamer,
Ur-Gur, king
being led
represents Ur-Gur
with
an
the
of
name
address
Moon-god.
to
Plate
(See
XXIII.
[No. 89,126.]
by
Cylinder-sealdedicated to the god Shidlam-ta-uddua
behalf of the life of Dungi,
on
king of Ur about
Kilulla-guzalal
The
2500.
scene
b.c.
represents the king being led into the
No. 25.
of the
presence
[No. 89,131]
god.
with the name

Cylinder-sealinscribed
2400.
Presented
Gamil-Siti, king of Ur about an.
No.
II. C.
Rawlinson, Birt.,G.C.B.,
titles of
the late Sir
and
2(5.
by
[No. 12,1G5.]
1895.
Cylinder-sealengraved with a scene

representing a
adoration
of an
in
before
bas-relief
a
priest or official standing
Above
sacred tree.
a
Assyrian king which has been set up near
of Ashur, the national god.
the tree is the visible emblem
No.
27.
[No. 89,502.]
cylinder-sealengraved with the figure of
Darius*
hunting lions in a palm-plantation; above is
of Ahuramazda,
the national
the emblem
god of ancient Persia.
his
and
in
the Persian, Scythic,
The
titles
name
inscription
gives
No.
and Babylonian languages. (See Plate
XXIII.
2.)
[No. 89,132.]
No.
28.
Persian
in his chariot
No.
29.
and
female
the
woman
is
Babylonian
Book
Cylinder-seal
engraved with a scene
representinga male
figureseated at the side of a tree bearing fruit ; behind
a
serpent.
This
scene
has
equivalent of the temptation
identified
been
of
recorded
Eve
of Genesis.
No.
as
in
the
the
[No. 89,326.]
in which
TsitCylinder-sealengraved witli a scene
in the
Book
of
napishtim, the Babylonian equivalent of Noah
is
steered
in
of
the
the
or
over
water
vessel,
an
Genesis,
ark,
being
Flood (see Nineveh
Gallery,Table-case A).
[No. 89,349.]
30.
in which
the
ing
Babylonian hero Tsit-napishtiinis conventionallyrepresentedstand-
No.
31.
in the
ark.
On
each
mythical being holding a

No
side
of
rudder
or
the
of
waters
the
Flood
is
steering-pole. [No. 89,771.]
Cylinder-sealengraved with a representationof the

Babylonian hero Tsit-napishtim. The style of the engraving on
this seal is most
round
the seal and
not
unusual,for the figureruns
across
32.
it,
Probably Darius
[No. 89,463.]
the
Great, king of Persia,from
B.C.
521
to
B.C.
485
138
AND
BABYLONIAN
ASSYRIAN
which
the
engraved a scene
depicting
Marduk
the
by
god
(Merodach),
who
is armed
with a thunder-bolt
and
other weapons.
This scene
Fourth
is described
the
Tablet
of
the
Creation
Series
on
(see
Nineveh
Gallery,Table-Case A).
[No. 89,589.]
No.
on
Cylinder-seal
ANTIQUITIES.
33.
slaughterof
Nos.
the monster
Tiamat
of
is
cylinder-seals,
belonging to various
and b.c.
in
B.C.
periodsbetween
500, engraved with scenes
which
the mythical heroes Gilgamesh and Ea-bani
are
depicted in
conflict with lions,bulls,and oryxes.
Gilgamesh is representedas
of
and
the
Ea-bani
half-human
a mighty man
as
monster
chase,
a
with a bull's horns, legs and tail. For an account
of the legend of
the deeds of Gilgamesh and Ea-bani, see p. 38.
[Nos. 12,285,
34-61.
group
2500
22,427, 22,961, 22,964, 89,C08, 89,046, 89,047, 89,057, 89,078,

89,079, 89,111 89,118, 89,140, 89,147, 89,171, 89,219, 89,221,
89.226, 89,249, 89,272, 89,283, 89,308, 89,316, 89,348, 89,538,
89,692, 89,750, 89,751.]
No.
Cylinder-sealengraved
62.
Ea-bani
and
are
in conflict with
crossingthe Ocean
are
with
and the Waters
in which
scenes
lion,and
Gilgamesh
of Death
(see
Gilgamesh
and
Arad-Ea
39).
p.
[No. 89,588.]
No.
which
this
in
Cylinder-sealengraved with a mythological scene
god or hero is mounting upwards on the back of an eagle ;
with the legend of Etana
has been connected
(see p. 75).
63.
a
scene
[No. 89,767.]
No.
Cylinder-sealengraved with figures of human-headed
64.
lying in a pasture, and bulls,and other animals, birds,etc.

Tnis cylinderbelongs to an extremely earlyperiod,and the material
is supposed to have
which
is a fine example of the lupis-lazuli,
from the neighbourhood of Elam.
come
[No. 22,962.]
bulls
Nos.
Three
65-67.
the
engraved
cylinder-seals
Shamash
in which
Sunrise,
portals of heaven, which
the
opened
are
deiti
the
with
scene
Sun-god
him
for
senting
repre-
issues
by
from
attendant
[Nos.89,110, 89,531, 89,548.]

representingthe

worship of Shamash, the Sun-god, who is seated
No.
68.
upon
mythological
deities
scenes,
in
important cylinder-sealsengraved
which
and
Kiver-god
Dumber
with
of othor
example
interesting
depicted.No. 69 is a particularly
it
shows
that
the
work;
inscription
belongedto
lapidary
th.-
scribe.
(See Plate
XXIII.
[Nns.
No".
throne.
are
irlv
Adda,
Three
69-71.
N"s.
[No. 89,257.]
"
BCCin
72 and
I in
which
73.
Two
certain
No.
3.)
89,096,89,115,89,250.]
engraved
cylinder-seals
gods
are
with
mythological
depictedin conlliet.
[Nos.89,119,89,224.]
Plate
XXIII.
6*
of Ur-Gur, about
of the reign
Cylinder-seal
[Babylonianand AssyrianRoom, No. 89,126.]
B.C.
2500.
II.
of Darius in the Persian,Scytlncand

inscribed with the name
Cylinder-seal
about B.C. 500.
languages,
Babylonian
and AssyrianRoom, No. 89,132.]
[Babylonian
III.
of Adda,
Cylinder-seal
the scribe,engravedwith
about B.C. 2500.
Room,
[Babylonianand Assyrian
No.
89,115.]
scene,
mythological
(Seepages 137, 138.)
140
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
Cylinder-seal
engraved with figures of the god Martu
of
and
Zabila
Lushtapa, the son
worshipper. Inscription:
Martu."
of
the
servant
Zimama,
[No. 89,230.]
No.
89.
"
"
engraved with figures of the god Nabu

Cylinder-seal
a
worshippsr. Inscription: " Shamash-mushezib, the son of
of Nabium."
Shamash-sharrum, the servant
[No. 89,077.]
No.
90.
and
"
Cylinder-sealengraved with the figureof a worshipper.

of Manuum-kima-Ramman."
the son
Inscription:
Ili-usati,
No.
91.
"
"
[No. 89,098.]
No.
and
"
Cyliuder-seal
engraved with figuresof the god Shamash
of Shamashworshipper. Inscription:"Sin-rabi, the sou
92.
abi, the
No.
93.
No.
94.
of Shamash."
servant
[No. 89,083.]
Cylinder-sealengraved with figures of a god and a

the
of
servant
worshipper. Inscription:"Marduk-musbteshir,
"
the gods Siu and Martu."
[No. 89,242.]
Cylinder-sealengraved with figures of the god Sin,
aud a worshipper. Inscription
and a priest,
:
Iamanum, the son
u
of Iashubum, the servant
of Sin."
[No. 89,205.]
"
113, 144, 169, 379, 380, 413, 423, 457, 474, 475,
Nos.
A
group
represent worshippers in the presence
them
gods
and
goddesses, mythological
The chief characteristic
occurrence.
the
cylinder-seals.The
of uninscribed
in which
manner
seal
with
the
of
emblems
of
etc.,
of
are
the work
fills up
engraver
496.
engraved u pen
their gods ; figuresof
scenes
scenes,
of
and
of
this
period is
field of
the whole
gods, animals, patterns,
common
About
etc.
the
B.C.
[Nos. 89,313-89,315,
900-600.
89,325, 89,336, 89,340, 89,357, 89,364, 89.423, 89 ,585,80,745.]

of
fragment of agate inscribed with the name
Kurigalzu,king of Babylon, about b.c. 1400.
[No.'83,877.]
No. 501.
Pierced
No.
Agate
503.
Nebuchadnezzar
Co
I.
Nos. 511
name
ami
and
of
statue
inscribed
with
the
of
name
561, and
Babylon,from B.C. 604 to n.c.

king ""!'Babylon, from b.c. 625 to
Nabopolaasar,
[No. 89,878.]
II.. king of
that of his father

B.C.
eye
Broken
519.
agate
cylinders insortbed
titles ..I'Sennacherib,king of Assyria.
B.O.
705
the
with
to
n.c.
681.
S'.l.l.V.I,
"[Nos.
8S),"I1(".]
Table-Case
hundred
and
to
E.
tw.n.v
the
"
Here
.beds
reigni of
Sin-muballit, Khammurabi,
exhibited
(I
and oommeccial
is
Sumula-ilu,
Samsu-iluna,
group
of
documents
Zabum,
AbSshu,
one
longing
be-
Apil-Sin,
Ammi-
TO
GUIDE
ditana, and
Ammizaduga,
2300
2050.
the
to B.C.
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
kings
They
renting of houses
and
about
B.C.
land,
and
land, the exchange of houses
and
of
the
palaeographically
and
from
Babylon,
gift,marriage-contracts,
matically
Gramjudicialdecisions,etc.
partnerships,
of
dissolution
141
ROOM.
refer to the sale of houses
sale of slaves, deeds
land, the
of
ASSYRIAN
tablets
of the
are
greatest
plete
importance,and the fact that the text on each tablet is comenhances
their
value.
Incidentallythey
considerably
the
and
throw
much
development
applicationof
lightupon
Babylonian law, and afford much information concerning the
of land
tenure
the
which
period in
in that
supremacy
property, and
classes
of the well-to-do
of the
house
and
in
the
the
sucial
condition
Babylonia during the latter part
finallyestablished
Semites
country.
In
this
case
also
are
their
exhibited
referring to the history and

of Babylonia ; specimens of the magical and
chronology
written
incantation
tablets
during the early periods of
in
civilization
of a liver,
Semitic
Babylonia ; a clay model
which
was
probably used by the magicians and soothsayers
for purposes
of augury
beautifullywritten complete
; two
with
about B.C. 1 (iOO ; two
tablets inscribed
forecasts
ments
fragand
to
a
mythology ;
relating Babylonian legend
clay
of
the
and
of
the
world,
showing
position
Babylon
map
Assyria,and the all-embracingOcean ; and a valuable series
of grammatical
tablets belonging to
and
lexicographical
various periods.
principal
No.
recording-the
Deed
1.
Shamash
to
documents
Lamazi
for
Khammurabi, king
No.
2.
silver.
No.
shitum
Deed
Reign
3.
for
Deed
one
of
one-third
sale
of
of
a
piece
maneh
of
Babylon.
recording the
silver.
by AmatReign of
[No, 92,631.]
sale
of
house
Sin-muballit,king of Babylon.
of
land
of
for
four
shekel
of
[No. 92,559.]
recording the hire of a field from Arad-UlmashReign of Ammiditana, king of Babylon.

year.
[No. 92,563.]
No. 4.
Deed
recording the sale of the slave Gamunu
shekels of silver. Reign of Abeshu', king of Babylon.
for
six
[No. 92,554.]
No. 5.
Deed
recording the sale of the slave Ea-tappi for ten

Reign of Rim-Sin.
[No. 33,208.]
shekels of silver.
Deed
No. 6.
slave
Narubtum
recording the sale of the female
for four and a half shekels of silver. Reign of Ammizaduga,
king
of
Babylon.
[No. 92,551.]
142
BABYLONIAN
No. 7.
ASSYRIAN
AND
ANTIQUITIES.

Zabum, king of Babylon.
No.
Deed
Deed
8.
Amel-Mirra.
piece
land.
of
of
Reign
[No. 92,600.]
recording the sale of a piece of land by

Reign of Samsu-iluna,king of Babylon.
Lamazi
to
[No. 92,566.]
No.
recording the sale of a piece of land by Ai-belitni

Iltani. Reign of Samsu-iluna,king of Babylon.
to
Deed
9.
[No. 92,528.]
No.
Deed
10.
recording the
priestessErishti-Ai
toe
house
high road by
the
on
of
priestessEli-erishu for one-third

silver.
Reign of Khammurabi.
to the
of
five shekels
and
maneh
sale of
[No. 92,536.]
No.
for
Beltani
to
of
king
piece of land by Ibkusha

of silver. Reign of Khammurabi,
[No. 92,533.]
recording the sale
Deed
11.
shekels
fifteen
Babylon.
of
live-sixths
for
Reign of Samsu-iluna,king
No.
Deed
13.
Reign
of
of
of
division
of
Apil-Sin,king
No.
of
Salatum.
Reign
No.
Deed
and
17.
half
himself
and
half shekels
of
[No. 92,527.]
by Nannar-iddina
and
Ilisu.
Reign
in
of

silver.
of
sale
of
house
Babylon.
house
Reign
of
by
Lamazi
to
[No. 92,552.]
by Eli-erisa
for
seven
Samsu-iluna, king of
[No. 92,553.]
No. 18.
h0HS6
of
Deed
of
of property, consisting
in
received
furniture,
by Mukhadum,
recording the
amount
money, ami
pertain property.
Eloign of
19.
Sliakun-inatum
Babylon,
Khammurabi,
a
a
king of
[No. 92,621.]
Babylon.
No.
by Nakarum
[No. 92,540.]
Sin-muballit,king
of
of
[No. 92,526.]
between
recording the
shekels
shekels
[No. 92,523.]
Babylon.
of
to
Bashtum, the daughter of

of Shamkhatum.
son
Reign
Babylon.
division
two
Babylon.
land
certain
of
Deed
16.
house
recording the share received
Deed
15.
and
another, to Iltani for six and

Samsu-iluna, king of Babylon.
Samsu-iluna,king
No.
by Naramtani
Babylon.
No. 14.
Marriage-contract between
the priestessBelizunu,and Rimum, the
of
house
maneh
recording the sale
Mfuat-Ishtar, and
silver.
No. 12.
Deed
Erishti-Shamash
silver.
of
Deed
recording the
and
Ivabatum.
sale of
Reign
of
garden by
Khaliku
Snnml.-i-ilu, King
to
of
[No. 92,615.]
TO
GUIDE
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
recording tlie lease

sani and Taribatum
by Marduk-niushalim
of
Babylon.
Ammizaduga, king
No.
No.
20.
ASSYRIAN
certain
of
Deed
for
the
Arad-Shamash,
and
Shamash-shatum,
lands
one
from
Lama-
Reign of
[No. 92,535.]
year.
Utani, the
Marriage-contract between
21.
143
ROOM.
daughter
of
of Ili-ennam.
son
[No. 92,507.]
Judgment in favour
brought against her by her three
and goods. Reign
father's house
Iashukhatum
of
No. 22.
sons
of
gain
to
in
action
an
possession of
Samsu-iluna, king
of
their
Babylon.
[No. 92,510.]
No.
23.
to Erishtum
of
recordingthe giftof
Deed
by
her
house
Khushutum.
mother
and
Reign
Babylon.
No.
24.
and
cattle,
No.
25.
three
26.
men.
of
property
Apil-Sin,king
[No. 92,610.]
Inventory
sheep.
of certain
property consistingof land,slaves,
[No. 92,672.]
recording the purchase of
Deed
by Khusalatum,
No.
other
Belti-Shamash, and
several
others.
pieces of land
[No. 92,609.]
recording the division of certain property

Reign of Ammizaduga, king of Babylon.
Deed
among
[No. 92,506.]
Judgment in favour of Uu-bani in an action brought
claimed
possessionof a garden,
against him by Sin-muballit,who
of
which
the
son
Sin-magir, had obtained in a
Ilu-bani,
adopted
king of
previous action from Mar-Martu.
Babylon.
[No. 33,214.]
No. 27.
No.
28.
Deed
recording the share
received
by Sin-ikisham
Ibni-Shamash
and
division of certain house property among
of
of
himself.
nasir and
Sin-muballit,king
Babylon.
Reign
in
Urra-
[No. 92,509.]
No.
a
29.
Deed
recordingthe share received
division of certain
Reign
himself.
nasir and
house
in
by Ibni-Shamash
Sin-ikisham
and
Urraproperty among
of Sin-muballit,king of Babylon.
[No. 92,513.]
No. 30.
Deed
"ini-Ishtarand
Khammurabi, king
to
No. 31.
years.
No.
tum
Deed
Reign
32.
recording the lease
of Ammiditana,
Deed
to Akhatum.
the sale of
house
by Apil-Rammanu
for four shekels of silver.
Apil-ili
Reign of
of Babylon.
[No. 33,212.]
recording
king
of
of
certain
Babylon.
lands
for
three
[No. 92,516.]
recording the sale of a piece of land by MunamerReign of Sin-muballit, king of Babylon.

[No. 92,603.]
144
BABYLONIAN
No.
Deed
33.
and
idinnam
his
ASSYRIAN
AND
recording-the
mother
sale
Kl.ishatuni
Zahum, king of Babylon.

No.
Deed
34.
ANTIQUITIES.
of
piece
of
[No. 92,604.]
recording,the lease
of
to
one
recording the sale of a house by Shamash-litul

Agshaia. Reign of Zabum, king of Babylon.
[No. 92,544.]
Deed
recording tl.e lease
by Labishtum
batnm
shekel
silver
of
for
two
of
years.
paid. Reign
was
lands
certain
No.
Deed
37.
recording the
for six shekels
of
sale cf
silver.
house
by Shamash-bel-ili
Khammurabi, king
[No. 92,630.]
of
Reign
Babylon.
Deed
38.
recording the lease
of
piece of laud
rimini.
Deed
No. 39.
paid. Reign
No. 40.
rimina
recording the lease
of
to
of
king
Ammiditana,
of
house
year,
a
Babylon.
recording the sale of a

Nur-Nergal and another.
Reign
Deed
Sin-
of
of
city
rent
of
silver
one
was
by SinSamsu-iluna, king of
of
land
[No. 92,599.]
Deed
41.
and
Kishtum
the
a
[No. 92,557.]
piece
of
in
at
shekel
Babylon.
recording the sale
Erishtum
to
Elali.
of
house
on
the
high
by
way
Reign of Sin-muballit, king
of
[No. 92,a60.]
Babylon.
No.
by
[No. 92,625.]
Ishkun-Sin from Sulatum, by Ardia, for one

shekel of silver. A depositof one-third of
No.
Tari-
[No. 92,537.]
to Ishabaia
No.
from
deposit of two-thirds of
of
Ammizaduga, king of
Babylon.
for
Deed
others
No. 36.
of
land
piece of
[No. 92.558.]
No. 35.
by SinReign of
Amel-Ninshakh.
to
.
year.
and
land
Deed
42.
recordingthe
share
received
in
by Ilu[shu]-bani
Amat-Shamash, and
Babylon. [No. 92,596.]
himself,and
division of certain lands between

Reign of Kbainmunibi, king of
Others.
Deed
No. 43.
pieceof
Reign of Sin-mabeik't,
kmg
Ibni-Martu.
to
of
land
by Siu-sheme
Babvlon.
'[No.
92,623.]
No.
family
Deed
44.
of
Khammurabi,
\... -i.'..
and
of
recording (lie adoption
certain
man
and
his wife Taraiu-ulmasli.
king of Babylon.
Deed
the
recording
Iltaiiito Tabbum.
l'l "a r-Shamash
into
the
Reign of
[No. 92,542. ]
salo.of i pieceof land

hVign ""!'Sin-muballit, king of
by Bel-aba
Babylon.
[No. 92,545.]
GUIDE
No. 46.
daughter
on
and
Taram-sagila to their
[No. 92.550.]
piece of land
of land in the city of Bura,
equal amount
of
Reign
[No. 92,534.]
recording the exchange of
Deed
an
recording the lease of
Deed
49.
king
Reign of Ammizaduga,
No. 50.
in
Legal decision
of
No. 51.
piece of land by IbkuBabylon. [No. 92,628.]

a
wages,
during
irshid to Sherikti-Ai
iluna,king
No. 53.
of
for half
sale
of
maneh
Babylon.
Deed
property.
[No. 92,524.]
[No. 92,531.]
recording the
Deed
certain
twenty-six labourers, and of the

received from
Arad-ilishu, the shepherd,
harvest.
52.
by Pala-Shamash
of
of
names
of their
for work
No.
List of the
certain
brought
case
against Apil-ilishu,concerning the division

Reign of Khammurabi, king of Babylon.
amounts
145
ROOM.
recordingthe sale of a piece of land by Salatum

Reign of Siu-muballit,king of Babylon.
[Xo. 92,548.]
the river Lam, for

the road to Khuba.
Nabium.
ASSYRIAN
Deed
Tappum.
No.
AND
giftfrom Aslikudum
of
Deed
No. 48.
on
BABYLONIAN
THE
Duluktum.
No. 47.
to
TO
piece of land by Iualuof silver.

Reign of Samsii[No. 92,597.]
a
piece of land by Zuzauum,
Taribum, Shumi-irsitim and Naramtum, to Beltani,for

shekels of silver.
Reign of Khammurabi, king of Babylon.
Abuwam,
ten
[No. 92,601.]
No. 54.
recordingthe sale of a piece of land, the property

Reigu of Sin-muballit,king of Babylon.
Deed
of Amat-Shamash.
[No. 92,617.]
No. 55.
Zabum
by
Babylon.
recording the
Deed
Makhnubi-ili
to
sale of
piece of land on the river

Reign of Apil-Sin,king of
Maunasha.
[No. 92,512.]
Deed
No. 56.
of a neighbouringinn by Sin-abushu
basement
and
in the
cellar
to Ibik-Ishtar.
[No. 92,521.]
No. 57.
Marriage contract between
wives Taram-sagilaand Iltani.
No. 58.
recordingthe sale
Deed
Manium
Sippar by
king of Babylon.
No.
59.
Deed
Lunad-Ishtarto
to Nutubtum
of
and
Arad-Shamash
his two
[No. 92,639.]
a
piece of
his wife's sister.
land
in the
Reign
of
cityof
Zabum,
[No. 92,511.]
recording the sale
Mukhaditum.
of
house
by
and
Kurdi-Ishtar
[No. 92,517.]
L
146
No.
of
zaduga, king
No.
of
division
Reign
recording
the
Reign
of
Sin-muballit,king
of
and
Sin-ikisham
and
himself
in
by Urra-nasir
received
share
certain property between
Ibni-Shamash.
of Ammi-
[No. 92,520.]
Babylon.
Deed
61.
of their father's property

Passalum.
and
Ibui-Marduk
Arad-Marduk,
among-
ANTIQUITIES.
division
recording-the
Deed
60.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
Babylon.
[No. 92,522.]
No.
who
zirum,
sold
was
king
sale
recording the
Deed
62.
of
for
of
shekels
ten
slave, Khuma-
female
the
of
Reign
silver.
of
murabi,
Kham-
[No. 92,616.]
Babylon.
Judgment in favour of Arad-Sin in an action brought by

him
possessionof
against Ibui-Rammanu, the merchant, to recover
had
his
lands
which
father.
certain
once
Reign of
belonged to
Ammizadnga, king of Babylon.
[No. 92,514.]
No.
63.
to
by Kuna,
Reign of Zabum, king of Babylon.
[No. 92,614.]
Deed
No. 64.
Shilamazi.
No.
recording the
Deed
65.
Nur-Shamash,
aud
Erib-Sin
capitaland stock.
Reign
of
dissolution
and
of the
of their
division
Khammurabi,
of
partnershipbetween
king
of
common
Babylon.
[No. 92,618.]
No.
recording the exchange of certain houses

Sini-Ishtar.
king of
between
Deed
66.
and
Ibku-Sin
Babylon.
[No. 33,213.]
No.
Deed
67.
recording the gift of a piece of land, etc., to

Reign of Apil-Siu,king of Babylon.
her mother.
from
Lamazatum
[No. 92,612.]
No.
Deed
68.
to Shat-Ai.
No.
Reign
of Zabum,
Judgment
regain a piece of laud
king of Babylon.
No.
69.
Deed
71.
Deed
ludari.
I.slikuii-Sin from
Cor one
Murduk
ol half
in
action
an
which
king
he
had
of
piece of
Babylon.
by Iabishum
[No. 92,574.]
brought by Shamash-bel-ili to
sold.
[No. 92,661.]
shekel
recording the
Melisiinn
and
lease
her
of
brother
house
11.
in
the
Arad-lshtar
city of
by
silver.
A
year, at a rent of Iwoshekelsof
of silver was
paid. Ueigu of Annniditana,
Arad-
deposit,
king of
[No. 92,562?]
Babylon,
No.
land
recording the lease of a piece of land l"\ B6UReign of Annniditana, king of Babylon.
[No. 92,562.]
70.
No.
sale of
recordingthe
Peed
and
Apil-ilishn

I'ala-Shainash.
of certain
houses
between
[No. 92,518. ]
148
BABYLONIAN
No.
of
recording the sale
Deed
No. 89.
nasir to Tillanum
No.
house.
Reign of Sumula[No. 92,539.]
of certain
shekels
for seventeen
land
silver.
of

Deed
90.
Lamazi.
ANTIQUITIES.
sale of
recordingthe
Babylon.
Deed
88.
ilu,king
ASSYRIAN
AND
by Naga-ilishu to
of
Reign
by Rammfmu[No. 92,607.]
[No. 92,027.]
Judgment in an action brought by Shilamazi to gain

[No. 92,643.]
possessionof a piece of land.
No.
91.
No.
92.
three
for
Amat-Mamu,
silver,the
of
recording the barter
Tablet
smaller
houses
property of Mar-Ai.
of
and
Reign
house, the
maneh
one
of
Deed
93.
recording
Babylon.
of
Deed
No. 94.
and two-thirds of
Ammizaduga,
No.
king
of
[No. 92,532.]
miditana, king
of
shekels
ten
Khamnmrabi.
Babylon.
No.
property of
sale of certain
recording the
shekel
king
Deed
95.
for five shekels
of
of
of
silver,for
Reign of Ani[No. 92,541.]
oil,valued
of
barter
land.
number
at
maneh
one
of slaves.
Reign,
[92,547.]
Babylon.
recording the sale of a house by Utani

silver.
Reign of Khamnmrabi, king
to
of
Lamazi
Babylon.
[No. 92,642.]
No.
recording the
Kamazi.
Reign
Deed
96.
Khushutum
to
sale of
of
house
by Innabatum
a
and
[No. 92,641.]
No.
No.
from
recording the adoption of M"r-Ishtar
Deed
97.
recording the lease of certain land by

Reign of Ammizaduga. king of Babylon.
Deed
98.
Ibgatum.
by Nidnat-
[No, 92,519.]
Dtani.
his wife
Sin and
Iadi-usutu
{No.92,530.]
No.
Deed
99.
mushalim
to
100.
Deed
f""r one-third of
of Babylon.
No.
K"l.
babishtiim
by
one
maneh
of
four
Deed
record
ing
maneh
Babylon.
Tarili.ilurn.
of
by Sin-
Reign
silver.
[No. 92.620.]
the sale of
of silver.
the
recording
from
slave
female
shekels
king of Rabylon.
of Ammiditana,
No.
recording the sale
Rib;im-ili for
piece of land by Naramtum
Reign
of
king
|So. 92,525.]
Khamnmrabi,
lease of certain lands
Reign
of
fur two
years
of
Ammizaduga,
[No. 92,598.]
king
recording the lease of a piece ""! land by lliA deposit of tWO shekels
ik i 1 1
of silver was
lor one
paid.
v"
I'-al'vloii.
of
of
|;.
ii
Ammizaduga, king
[No. 92,.""55.]
No.
"
1 :1
102.
11
Deed
;u.
No.
TO
103.
Deed
rabi her
BABYLONIAN
THE
GUIDE
ASSYRIAN
AND
149
ROOM.
of Naramtu
divorce
by ShamashSin-muballit,king of Babylon.
recording the
husband.
Reign
of
[No. 92,529.]
No.
Khusalalum
No.
recording-the
Deed
104.
lease
of
piece of land from

[No. 92,647.]
by Mar-irsitim.
recording a loan of corn

by
after
the
be
harvest.
repaid
Shamash-apilshunu, to
Sio,king of Babylon.
Deed
105.
No.
Deed
106.
Sin-idinnam,
the
recording
of half
Reign
maneh
recordingthe lease
of
silver
to
of
piece ot
land
by
Taribum
[No. 92,648.]
Deed
108.
Apil-
[No. 92,587.]
from
No.
to
of
[No. 92,645.]
of Sin-rimini.
son
No. 107.
Deed
Ruttum.
loan
Nannar-shidu
Beltani
recording
by Tubgatu ;
paid after the harvest.
the
loan
of
shekel
one
the
the loan, together with
of
silver
interest,was
to
be
to
[No. 92,573.]
No. 109.
Receipt for a loan of grain borrowed

by Amel-Mirra,
after
harvest.
for
stipulation repayment
Reign of Ammiditana,
king of Babylon.
[No. 92,564.]
with
Deed
No. 110.
Shaddinam
for one
No.
from
hire of the services
recording the
year.
Receipt for a loan

temple treasury.
No.
Receipt for
112.
after two
No.
loan
of
of
per
Receipt for
114.
Deed
irsitim from
loan of half
maneh
of
of
Deed
silver at twenty
[No. 92,567.]
recording the
of
lease
piece of land
by
Mar-
[No. 92,635.]
Lamazi.
116.
Akhatani
shekels
interest.
115.
No.
of
rent
[No. 33,234.]
cent,
No.
Amel-Mirra
silver,the
garden.
No.
by
for repaygrain,with stipulation

ment
92,572.]
[No.
fifteen shekels
for
by
[No. 92,634.]
[No. 92,570.]
months.
Receipt
113.
grain borrowed
of
111.
the
of Arad-Sin
recording the
by Asir-Rammauu
silver.
Reign
for
of
hire
one
of
for
year,
from
Shamash-bei-ili
Samsu-iluna, king
three
and
half
of Babvlon.
[No. 92,633.]
No.
117.
silver borrowed
Receipt for a loan

by Arad-Shamash.
of
one
and
Reign
of
Babylon.
No.
118.
Arad-Sin
Deed
recording the
to Sin-kalama-idi
and
loan
of sixteen
Apil-ilishu.
one-third
shekels
of
Ammizaduga, king of
[No. 92,571.]
shekels
of silver
by
[No. 92,568.]
150
BABYLONIAN
No.
silver from
No.
gift of
Akham-silim
Clay
120.
Chronicle,
of
Deed
119.
tablet
ANTIQUITIES.
annual
an
of
payment
his brother.
to
inscribed
list of
or
ASSYRIAN
AND
the
shekel
one
of
[No. 92,569.]
in the
with
place in
character
Babylonian
which
principalevents
took
the third year of the reign of NabuBabylonia and Assyria between

of
(Nabouassar) king
Babylon, b.c. 744 and the first year of
the reign of Shamash-shum-ukin
(Saosduchiucs),king of Babylon,
nasir
In
668.
B.C.
column
III.,lines
of
Assyria,was
Sennacherib, king
the
of
month
in the
Tebet
and
34
killed
23rd
his
by
year
No.
Clay tablet inscribed
121.
of
account
certain
Assyria during the

about
1400
b.c.
of the so-called
Table-Case
D).
No.
1300.
downfall
his
and
to that
similar
(see Nineveh
Galley,
[No. 92,701.]
of
of
clay tablet inscribed with the annals
(Nabonidus), king of Babylon, recording
the reign of Nabu-na'id

the defeat of Astyages
Ecbatana,
Babylonia and
Dynasty, from
Third
History"
with
character
in
is somewhat
text
day
reign. (See
[No. 92,502.]
place
the
of
the 20th
on
Babylonian
took
kings
The
"Synchronous
Portion
122.
of
reigns
to b.c.
in the
which
events
son
that
Plate
of his
XXIV.)
an
is made
35, mention
by Cyrus,
the
and
spoilingof
capture and
capitalcity,and the taking of Babylon

of Nabonidus, king of Babylon, b.c.
538.
the
and
death
556
b.c.
"
[No. 35,382.]
Clay tablet inscribed with a list of the events by which

their years
early Babylonians reckoned
during the reigns of
Zabum,
Sumula-ilu,
Sumu-abi,
Apil-Sin,
Sin-muballit,
and
Samsu-iluna,
kings of Babylon from about
Khammurabi,
No.
123.
the
b.c.
2300
No.
the
which
by
clay tablet inscribed

early Babylonians reckoned
the
of
reigns
ditana,
of
Portion
124.
events
[No. 92,702.]
2110.
to b.c.
Khammurabi,
Ammi-zaduga,
and
Samsu-iluna,
from
about
with
Abeshu',
2200
b.c.
list of the
their years
to
b.c,
during
Amm
?050.
[No. 16,924.]
No.
with
dynastiesfrom
No.
Ihe
reigned from
No. 127.
No.
names
about
B.C.
of the
21
of
of
2300
inscribed
the
to B.C.
kings
in the
of
625.
the
Babylonian
Babylonian
[No. 88,382.]
Inscribed in the Babylonian character
kings
b.c.
(ablet
clay
of the first two
8800 to
B.C.
Babylonian Dynasties
tablet inscribed
with
with
who
[No. 38,122.]
1700.
a
mythological legend.
[92,608.]
00,
Babylonianlyllabaryinscribed
of " number of ouneiform
nieaningi
128.
and
about
Part
b.0.
the
Claytablet
126.
names
A I out
of
Portion
125.
character
with
the
tions
pronuncia-
oharaoters.
[92,691.]
Plate
Babylonian
[Babylonian
and
AssyrianRoom,
No.
XXIV.
Chronicle.
92,502.]
(See
page
150.)
GUIDE
No.
TO
and
Dated
in the
Plate
XXV.)
of
number
with
of the
Tablet
131.
list of
reign of
Artaxerxes,
inscribed in the
ideographs and words
names,
nunciation
procharacters.
(See
[No. 92,G93.]
442.
b.c.
with
the
tions
pronuncia-
b.c.
in
Dated
characters.
of cuneiform
number
the
cuneiform
of
reign of Artaxerxes,
of the
10th year
meanings of
the 10th year

No.
meanings
of
151
ROOM.
ASSYRIAN
Babylonian syllabary inscribed
130.
and
AND
Babylonian syllabary inscribed
129.
No.
BABYLONIAN
THE
[No. 92,692.]
442.
with part
columns.
Babylonian character
drawn
up
in twelve
[No. 92,695.]
No.
of
Tablet
132.
list of words
inscribed in the
and
ideograms
Babylonian character with part
drawn
up
in nine
columns.
[No. 92,696.]
No.
of
Tablet
133.
list of words
inscribed in the
and
Babylonian
ideograms drawn
up
character
in nine
with
part
columns.
[No. 92,697.]
No.
134.
Tablet
inscribed
explanationsof words,
Daily Telegraph."
Babylonian character with

by the Proprietorsof the
the
in
Presented
etc.
[No. 92,683.]
"
No.
135.
Tablet
inscribed
explanationsof words,
"
Daily Telegraph."
No.
order
for
Copy
of
the
Presented
[No. 92,700.]
an
Gimil-Marduk,
of Shamash,
the
honour
Babylonian character with

by the Proprietors of the
the
was
inscriptionwhich
engraved by the
the
of
son
Mini-Shamash, in
Judge,
deposited in the temple
Sun-god, and was
of
the
of
life
Ammizaduga,
preservation
king of
136.
of
etc.
in
the
Babylon.
No.
[No. 92,515.]
Tablet
inscribed
Sumerian
language
the text
sick man,
about
No.
137.
138.
Tablet
language, about
No.
139.
140.
language,
No.
141.
b.c.
Tablet
language, about
No.
b.c.
B.C.
Tablet
about
b.c
Tablet
language, about
b.c
with
was
bilingual incantation
to be
recited for the
2100.
inscribed
with
two
incantations
two
incantations
2100.
in the Sumerian
in the Sumerian
[No. 92,505.]
with
two
incantations
2100.
2100.
[No. 92,504.]
inscribed with
inscribed
the
of
[No. 92,518.]
2100.
inscribed
in
benefit
in the Sumerian
[No. 92,508.]
with
an
incantation
in the Sumerian
[No. 92,503.]
152
No.
Tablet
142.
the
language ; on
human
figure,about
No.
with
inscribed
inscribed
with
language, about
the
No.
of
Tablet
145.
inscribed
with
or
recovery,
Sumerian
in the
incantation
92,671.]

of the success
the probabilities
or
forecasts
militaryexpedition,etc.,about
in the Sumerian
No.
inscribed with
death
sick man's
defeat of
rough outline, is a
[No. 92,G69.]
text, in
2100.
b.c
Sumerian
rough outline,is
incantation
an
below
Tablet
144.
in the
[No. 92,670.]
laugnage ;
reverse,
human
figure,about B.C. 2100.
No.
text, in
2100.
b.c.
the
on
ANTIQUITIES.
incantation
an
the
below
reverse,
Tablet
143.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
1600.
b.c
[No. 22,446.]
No.
Tablet
146.
of
sick man's
or
defeat
of
inscribed with
death

of the success
probabilities
forecasts
the
recovery,
or
militaryexpedition,etc., about
1600.
b.c
[No. 22,447.]
No.
character
of
Portion
147.
with
part of
tablets
tablet
the
Babylonian
(For the Assyrian

describing the
Nineveh
see
Gallery,Table-case A.)
No.
in
inscribed
148.
Babylonian
149.
map
and
surrounding the world,

Euphrates, the mountains
of Assyria, the district of
swamps
No.
at the mouth
Portion
the
the
source
Bit-Iakinu
and
Deluge.
the
Deluge,
[No. 35,380.]
liver, inscribed
probably used for

by the priests of
[Xo. 92,668.]
showing
world,
the
marking
at
of the
the
positionof Babylon
of
the
in Southern
ocean
on
the
river,the
country
and the
Babylonia,
[No. 92,687.]
Euphrates.
clay tablet inscribed with a map of part

of the city
Babylon, and marking (hf positionof the "Ureal
is part of a text relatingto
Of the Sun-gotI." On the obverse
tin; sanif.
,')8.'".]
[No. ,")""),
150.
of
of
Babylonian
of the
account
Creation
Clay object, resembling a human

This
with magical formula?, etc.
object was
of divination, and
was
employed
purposes
ceremonies.
in
their
About
2100.
b.c
Babylon
No.
the
of
Inscribed with
descriptionof the boundaries of the
No.
I.'il.
Tablet
the
same.
plan
of
an
estate
and
[No. :"l,ls:".]
inscribed with a list of Kassite words, to

The listis arranged
their Babylonian
equivalents.
in double Columns, the Csssite words
(lie left and
their I'.abyen
the
lonian r.|iiivalriits
on
right.
[No. 98,005.]
No.
i.')2.
whii-ii are
Tablft
added
No.
TO
J 53.
Tablet
and
part of
forms
copied
was
"
large "" find
from
the
721-710
B.C.
original.
[No. 4G,226.]
older
an
tablets
of cuneiform
collection
The
P.
Table-Case
exhibited
tablet
This
703-702.
b.c.
plants in
the
of
names
II., king of Babylon,
Merodach-baladan
of
gardens
the
list of
giving-a
153
ROOM.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
GUIDE
here
three hundred
of about
were
letters, or
portions of letters, which
his son
III. and
Amenophis
addressed
chieflyto Amenophis
covered
disthey were
IV., kings of Egypt, about B.C. 1500-1450;
is the
Tell el-Amarna
in 1887.
Tell
el-Amarna
at
and
twenty
Arabic
modern
the town-, temple and

of the Nile, about
bank
east
or
one
the
on
right
eighty
Amenophis IV.,
hundred
Memphis, by Khu-en-Aten,
of
miles south
the ruins of
given to the villagenear

built
palace,which were
name
or
and
king of Egypt, about B.C. 1450. With the tablets were found
oi
impressions of the prenomen
a
clay seal having two
blue
porcelain
Amenophis IV. ; five alabaster plaques inlaid in
of Amenophis III. ; a blue-glazedporcelain
with the name
of Amenophis III. and his
plaque inscribed with the names
of a vase
wife Thi ; and the cover
or
jar,carved to represent
bull fighting. The
lion and
a
a
style of the last named
to indicate Mesopotamian workmanship.
object seems
other documents
These
tablets differ in shape from
any
inscribed
in cuneiform
which
"clayof
they
Thus
they come.
Amenophis III.,is
of
us,
1,
draft
Syrian clay;
of
which
hieratic
No.
and
10
bears
reverse
and
1L
record
24)
an
No.
58
bears
of
dates
impression of
Babyloniancylinder-seal.The
modification
of the cursive
early
The
as
B.C.
are
because
graphically,
and
other
work
Nos.
Rib-Adda's
of
upon
Syrian
coast.
Egyptian
in
their arrival
the
in
Egypt
on
impression of
an
these
character
the
tablets is
used
throughout
epistolarycompositionsas
of
the
they
greatest
exhibit
importance palaeoties
peculiari-
the varieties and
of the
cities of Western
som-ce.
written
from
2300.
tablets
of the
the
writing on
Babylonia for despatches and
mud
written
are
reverse
cuneiform
from
letter
p]gyptian scarab
an
the
on
rive
near
dockets
are
the
of
finely-kneadedNile
and
(Nos. 13, 18, 19, 20,'
is so
common
yellow clay which
Nos.
of the
nature
the countries
with
letters
On
the
and
varies
No.
made
made
are
to
made
are
which
"8-11, etc.,
known
scribes in many
different countries
from
not known
Asia, which
are
any
Compared
with
the
neat,
careful
hand
154
BABYLONIAN
employed
in the officialdocuments
AND
Assyria,the writingis
the
cases
some
the
writers
and
person
same
drawn
in which
and
coarse
place.
same
number
On
of red
attempt
an
in
One
and
from
come
No. 82, which

is
dots may
be noted
mark
to
written
the letters
kings ot
careless,and
in tablets which
appears
the
for the
up
evidently unskilled.
were
mythologicallegend, a
these probably indicate
The
ANTIQUITIES.
somewhat
hand, however,
same
the
ASSYRIAN
punctuation.
Babylonian,
is
are
language
details
closelyrelated to the Hebrew
important
A peculiarfeature in these tablets is
of the Old Testament.
of glosses,which
the frequent use
explain certain Sumerian
ideographs both by Babylonian and by Palestinian words.
In some
are
cases
Babylonian words
explainedby their
Palestinian equivalents.
from Tell el-Amarna, which
The documents
were
probably
and
between
afford
written
B.C. 1500
an
us
insightinto
1450,
existed between
relations which
of the political
the nature
Asia and the kings of Egypt, and prove
the kings of Western
countries
the two
that an
was
ried
carimportant trade between
from very early times.
on
They also supply information
the
concerning offensive and defensive alliances between
gious
kings of Egypt and other countries,marriage customs, relifor
the first
ceremonies, intrigues,
etc.,and they give
in many
and
us
the
time
kings
Mitani.
From
about
learn
we
that
in
power
is
lies to the south of Gaza, and
xix.,6) in the fifth year of his reign;
in Joshua
mentioned
he
Tushratta,
(a city which
Sharhan
but
Egyptian
annals
Syria under Amasis I.,

vigorous king established himself
This
1700.
B.C.
Artashumara,
the
Egyptians first obtained
the
at
of Artatama,
names
of
and
strong enough
not
was
to
Syria.
further into
advance
lvuthen,
as
authorityas
tribute
to
to
ami
the people of that place continued
pay
In
II. ami
llat-shepset.
l"tduring the reigns of Thotlimes
the whole
the reign of Thothmes
III. a revolt broke oul over
and eastern
of northern
quelledby the king,
Syria,but it.
Tlmt
limes
I. established
far north
his
was
win.
marched
days.
from
When
worship
"i
the
the
Sinai
to
Kgvptian
-"h!s
Allien
Megiddo
rule
and
fche eity of Tuni|"; and

the
of the kin^s of Kadesh
on
into
misli, and
tribute to
Kheta
the
About
him.
Northern
rebelled there,
into
submitted
took
was
IronteS,Tump.
Thotlimes
later
introduced
powerfulleague
after the
to
twenty
the
re-established,
llarmaehis
soon
littleover
been
Arantu,
Karke-
1 1 1.,and
paid
Amenophia II. marched
fifty
yean
having slain
Syria,ami
he
had
in
kingswho
seven
their bodies back
to
Kgypt,
had
where
GUIDE
they
TO
hung
were
about
he visited
with
He
Asia.
his
Amenphosis III.,
Egyptian power
see.
the
The
Mesopotamia.
latter
he
reign
slew
hundred
one
country
that
lions; it is recorded
hunt
of his
years
during
and
two
hand.
own
married
king
This
public to
north-western
frequentlyto
the first ten

lions
for the
up
155
ROOM.
ASSYRIAN
AND
1500, stillfurther consolidated
B.C.
Syria and
in
BABYLONIAN
THE
married
least
at
sister and
five
ladies
Western
from
of Kallimma-Sin,*
and
(Gilukhipa)
daughter
a
king of Karaduniyash ; and a sister
Mitani
and
of
of
Tushratta,
king
daughter (Tatumkhipa;
;
the
the
became
Iuaa
of
and
who
Thi,t
Thuaa,
daughter
of Amenophis
IV.
mother
proposals to
Amenophis made
Kallimma-Sin
for the marriage of another
of his daughters
called Sukharti, but her father

to say
beautiful, and went
on
send
his
her
to
Egypt
sister,was
own
befittingthe
until he
alive
wife
of
this letter to
that
and
of
king
had
alive
not
assured
not
was
prepared to
that her
in
treated
aunt,
manner
Kallimma-Sin
Egypt.
his sister,he did not

When
Kallimma-Sin
seen
dead.
or
Sukharti
was
being
was
one
no
he
well
was
the
further stated, that, as

know
she was
whether
repliedthat
the
king of Egypt, he sent certain high

officialswith it to bring back
of his sister. On their
news
arrival in Egypt, Amenophis
caused
all his wives
be
to
assembled
before them, that they might see
and judge for
cent
the
of
themselves
honour
Mesopotamian lady
unable
and
held.
was
The
esteem
in
which
envoys,
however,
the
were
identifythe sister of their king, and Amenophis

subsequently explained this to Kallimma-Sin, by saying that
of
members
the
of the
none
personally
embassy was
with
Kallimma-Sin's
not old
sister,
as
acquainted
they were
her marriage; which
had taken
enough to remember
place
the
life-time
Kallimma-Sin's
of
father
letter
(see
during
No.
Kallimma-Sin
1).
Subsequently
proposed that as
a
Amenophis wanted
Mesopotamian princessto wife he (i.e.,
have
an
Kallimma-Sin) should
Egyptian princess to wife ;
but the Egyptian king excused
himself,saying that he was
unable to give a princess
in marriage to him.
In
"
"
to
reply Kallimma-Sin
Why
if thou
Thou
not?
shalt
*
give
The
says
art
her
"
king, and
unto
reading of
me,
tins
t I.e.,the Egyptian
who
do
can
shall say
king'sname
as
thou
a
pleasest; and
word
against it ?
is uncertain.
1 Thi.
]\\ {|(j
156
"
"
'*
"
""
''
"
BABYLONIAN
Surely there
princess?
dost
not
beautiful
be
such, send
any
a
her
to
me
as
friend
and
brother
from
as
she
that the offer

Under
was
hast
thee, and
going1down
into
me
Egypt."
it
and
up,
sent
I will prevent
offered to send
grown
not
his
seems
daughter
probable
accepted.
Avas
the
now
thou
as
towards
however, Kallimma-Sin
Sukharti,
say here that she is not

such
then thou
an
one,
has my
should.
Why
Inasmuch
will I act
knowest
could
send
not
wife?
Mesopotamian lady
Later,
for who
wilt
if thou
and
Egypt,
brother not sent me

a wife, in like manner
any
ANTIQUITIES.
in
women
if thou
But
act
ASSYRIAN
AND
rule
of
Amenophis
IV.
the
Egyptian power
Western
Asia
declined
and
over
Syria
rapidly,and the Tell
el-Amarna
tablets supply most
organized
graphic details of the discondition of the Egyptian dependencieswhich
lay
on
the coast-line
of Phoenicia
Icingsof Syria were
not
slow
which
Amenophis IV. was

priesthood of Egypt would
waiting the opportunity to
of
king
Burraburiyash,
and
northern
Palestine.
The
perceive that the struggle

carrying on against the ancient
to
benefit
throw
them, and
off the
Karaduniyash,
they
were
Egyptian yoke.
considered
was
sufficiently
important to be allowed to marry an Egyptian
and it is probablethat this was
princess,
permitted with the
view
of strengthening the fast weakening
hold of Egypt
of Byblos reports the revolt of
his country.
Rib- Adda
upon
almost
and Abi-milki
his command,
that several of the cities in his
the whole
district under
Tyre informs the king

vicinityhad fallen into the hands of the leaders of the
faction opposed to the Egyptian rule.
Finallythe whole of
and
the littoral between
Sidon
Aradus
passed into their
to exist everyhands.
Corruption and disloyaltyseemed
where,
of
and
of
Egypt
when
it became
would
not,
Egyptian officials
banded
not
of tin;
traffic which
the great
The
iy but
carried
on
on
the
not, send
troops to
king
support the
the
protectinghis interest,
themselves
togetherand made
count
was
cities
could
that
in
themselves
only
or
apparent
the
also of the
coasts
following
Specimens of
between
weak
disaffected
masters,
nierant
profitable
Tyro
and
Sidon
ile
and
Mediterranean.
translations will illustrate the
of the
of the Lettersfrom Tel el Amarna

:
*
I. I'nto Nimmuria
(/"., amenophis III.), king of Kgypt, my
loveth
I love, who
brother,my son-in-law, whom
sayf:
me,
style ;iikI cootenti
"
"
,,
tin-
the
.
0
Egyptianf'^Z7V$
writer
of lln- Liter
intends
N|,;
KaIi
the tablet to
sprat..
GUIDE
"
Thus
"
loveth
"
aud
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
TO
saith
It is well
daugbter, and
'
way
1 have
therefore
land, and,
paid
honour
"
unto
her
"
in the
And
well
my
so
and
lady Ishtar
dwelt
formerlypaid,yea
was
worship
people
honour
pay
times
into
the
and
brother
ten
departed.
down
went
there
let my
now
hath
she
honour.
more
her
that
[No. 10.]
saith
With
time
each
"
refused
"
it
manehs
'"'
gold
when
thy
other
the
of
I would
"
sent, send
"
thou
"
the
thou
sent
unto
sent, and
unto
the
of
be
of
thou
soever
them
"
all the
go
rake
the
to
father made
alliance.
then
make
cerned,
*
omits
the
an
the
the
Egyptian
second
half
sent
land
to
of the
Egypt
|
prenomen
gift two
a
me
thee.'
which
king
is my
and
To
Ua-ex-Ra.
and
in
let
let
father,
my
these
'
Let
far
my
the
an
brother,
my
as
us
invade
us
words
in respect of
Egypt,
hast
work
the
vigour and I shall

gt"ld,and what-
ally,why
Nefer-xeperu-Ra
he
Why
sent.
Now
words
of
much
as
that
him, saying
unto
your
precious
as
of Kurigalzu,
yourselves, but, as
among
king of
j5I Vh?
much
(of Egypt)
the
and
neither
(thy messengers)
time
alliance with
hostile
he
it with
me
send
saying: 'Cease
are
3-e
of
alliances
since
I.e., the
border
answer,
If
land
and
send
gold only?
In the
the Canaanites
form
will
we
in my
to thee.
peoples of
down
it,and
desirest
it back
me
less than
what
temple is great; I have undertaken

perform it thoroughly. Therefore send
"
unto
shouldst
if it must
manehs
me
two
me
other
desired,however
sent
thou
half
th}T house
nobles, and
the
to
hath
that
and
thy
thy
From
the
exceeding well.
established friendshipwith
his heart
brother
my
thy father
and
thy father
rich gifts one
sent
gold ;
land
and
whatsoever
Now
thee
of
Egypt,
Karaduniyash, thy
of
with
it be
may
IV.), king
king
thy
and
sons,
father
my
other, they
as
(i.e.,
Amenophis
thy chariots
might be.
"
Burraburiyash,
it is well, and
me
and
and
"
"
the
old, she
of
days
thee
unto
father
Nipkhuriria
wives
"
"
her
sent
her, even
brother
my
brother.
horses
"
as
than
"Thus
"
"
"
with
"
thy
"
it be
joyfully,and may he allow her

to return.
Ishtar, the Lady of Heaven, may
pray
and
brother
thousand
myself for a hundred
protect both my
the Lady of Fire grant great joy unto
ami
us,
years, and
may
thus
shall we
be able to do that which
is good (in her sight)
"
"
also may
with
Tatumkhipa,
thou
lovest, and with
thy nobles, and with
whom
wile
my
in
And
say:
"
of
unto
II. Unto
"
time
more
may
"
"
thy
thee
and
'
that
"
with
me,
thy
with thy sons,
wives,
thy
chariots,and with thy horses, and with thy troops, and with thy
land, and with everything-that is thine ! Ishtar,the goddess of
Nineveh, the lady of all lands, spake, saying : Unto Egypt, the
land which
I love, I would
journey thither straightgo, and would
"
"
with
L57
ROOM.
Mitani, thy father-in-law, who
and
Now
"
of
thy house,
with
and
"
"
with
well
it be
ASSYRIAN
AND
king1
Tushratta,
thee.
may
BABYLONIAN
THE
am
should
cuneiform
oon-
I not
scribe-
158
u
"
"
"
"
AND
BABYLONIAN
and
come
plunder
did not
father
my
lovest
"
unto
thee
it
for
was
thy father's sake that
in the
them, and
unto
of certain
matter
my
make
shalt
thou
Now
ANTIQUITIES.
subjects,have I not sent word

AYhy have they entered thy land
shalt not let them
accomplish aught
thou
me,
and
'
hearken
Assyrians who are

concerning them ?
"
you
ASSYRIAN
their
three
I send
efforts to be
of
manehs
without
thee
As
thou
with
avail.
and
lapis-lazuli,
unto
As
thee,
gift
horses
ten
for
of wood."
five chariots
[No. 2.]
the
in heaven,
sun
gods,
sun,
my
my
saith
of
Thus
the
dust
of thy
Yapakhi
Gezer, thy servant,
say :
of thy horses (i.e.,
thy groom). At the feet
feet,and the servant
lord the king, my
in heaven, seven
of my
gods, my sun, the sun
I prostrate myself upon
and
times
times
breast
and
seven
my
have
I
hearkened
back.
intentlyunto the words of the messenger
lord the king, the sun
lord the king. Let my
of my
in heaven,
his
for
Khabiri
the
take heed unto
land,
are
mighty against us ;
*' and
let the king, my
lord,stretch out his hand unto me and let
from
their hands, so that they may
him deliver me
make
not
an
*'
lord the
III. Unto
king, my
"
"
"
"
*'
41
"
"
of us."
"end
[No. 49.]
The
descriptionof the tablets
No.
1.
is
as
follows
"
refers to
III.,king of Egypt, to KallimAfter

salutations,Amenophis
king
his daughter in
to give him
the refusal of Kallimma-Sin
marriage
on
of
ma-Sin,
and
had
she
in
answer
become
was
Amenophis
Karaduniyash.
from
Letter
grounds
the
that
she is
and
young
complaint that no
Kallimma-Sin's
had
of his sister who
to
too
married
and
to
the
honour
or
in
which
she
is
held.
If
beautiful,
knew
one
Amenophis,
dead, he invites him to send a wise

in which
report upon her health, the comfort
alive
is not
whether
or
man
she
Kallimma-Sin
what
to
see
her
lives,and
will
give
daughter to wife, he will send him richer gilts

of
than
Karaduniyash could afford to give to him.
prince
any
Amenophis expresses a wish that friendshipmay continue to
Finally
himself and
exist between
to
Kallimma-Sin, and begs him not
Amenophis
another
believe the words of the Mesopotamian

that they received
no
gifts from the
envoys,
who
declared
have
bangof Egypt, and in the

Kallimma-Sin, has asked
of the chariots and borses which
to
matter
he
have
declares that,
reached
be returned to him,
though they may
the countrv.
entered
ihe frontier of Egypt, they have
never
[No. 29,784]
So. 2.
Burraburiyash,
kine; of Karaduniyash,to
thai be dees n,.t send
Amenophis
IV., king of Egypt,complaining
siieli valuable gifts
He
to him as be senfrto bis lather Kurigalzu.
which
relations
existed from days of old
refers to the friendly
of Egypt and K aradnniyash, and reminds
hetwe" n the loyal houses
Amenophis
better
how
from
KurigalSQrefused
tO
join I he Canaanites
in
making
Plate
XXVI.
.if3*'
h"
**""
^-^v
*4"""
r_
**P^j***~"*"
"
.^^
^Sfc^^"^
'BE^sP^faZEli
""f Mii.uii,i"" Ami

hr.iiia,Icing
al
n"ndA""!
.
"ill
N...
it.i
Dopbii[II.,
kingol Egjpt,
I.|S"".I
29,791.]
(Sft
GUIDE
raid
which
district
he announces
Filially
the
under
was
despatch
of
horses.
159
ROOM.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
Kannishat,
on
Egypt.
and
TO
the
authorityof
lazuli
gifts of lapis[No. 29,785.]
king of Karaduniyash, to
Amenophis
IV., king of Egypt, complaining that the messengers
bring him gifts,and proposing to
of the king of Egypt never
exchange certain objects which he is sending to the king of Egypt
He
his envoy
for chariots,which
Shindishugab will bring back.
also sends various
giftsfor a daughter of Amenophis who married
[N'o.29,786.]
Karaduniyash.
a princeof
No.
3.
Letter
from
Burraburiyash,
king of Karaduniyash, to
Amenophis
IV., king of Egypt, announcing the despatch of gifts
of a gold and
ivory throne and seats of wood and gold, and a
of valuable
number
objects which were
probably intended to form
[No. 29,787.]
part of a dowry.
No. 4.
Letter
from
Burraburiyash,
No.
Letter
from
the
5.
king
Alashiya to the king

hundred
pieces of bronze
of
of
Egypt
a gift,
as
announcing the despatch of five
of
silver
in
for
The
and
amount
return.
a
king of
large
asking
Alashiya asks Amenophis to have the goods and property of an
Alashiyan,who died in Egypt, collected and sent back to him ; and
make
to
he begs the king of Egypt not
any treaty or league with
the kings of Khatti and jShankhar.
[No. 29,788.]
No.
6.
Letter
from
the
king
of
Alashiya
to the
king
of
Egypt,
a gift,
despatch
announcing
and complaining that, while he sends presents to the king of Egypt
frequently,Amenophis sends nothing to him in return.
of
the
hundred
talents
of
bronze
as
[No. 29,789.]
No.
Letter
from
the
Letter
from
Tushratta,
king of Alashiya to the king of Egypt,

announcing the despatch of giftsof bronze and horses,and asking
the money
Amenophis to send back with the Alashiyan messenger
he is in great need.
of which
[No. 29,790.]
7.
No. 8.
king of Mitani, to Amenophis

III.,king of Egypt, acknowledging the receiptof despatches,and
existed
from
ancient
times
referring to the friendship which
the
between
of
Mitani
and
Tushratta
royal houses
Egypt.
the despatch of a number
of valuable giftsto Amenophis
announces
by the hands of his envoy Giliya,and begs Amenophis to send him
a
large quantity of gold, which is to be regarded as payment for
incurred by his grandfather in sending giftsto the king
expenses
of Egypt, and also as a giftin return
for his daughter, a princess
of Mitani, whom
had
married.
Amenophis
(See Plate XXVI.)
[No. 29,791.]
No.
9.
Letter
III., reporting
from
that
Tushratta,
he
has
slain
king
the
of
Mitani, to Amenophis
king
of
the
Khatti,
and
160
AND
BABYLONIAN
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
gift to the king consisting of horses

wife
of
and
a
chariots, etc., and of a gift to his sister Gilukhipa,*
toilet
of
and
bowl,
a
measure
gold bracelets, earrings, a
Amenophis.
of choice oil.
29,792.]
[No.
despatch
announcing' the
No.
III.,
from
Letter
10.
Egypt,
of
king
royal house, and

goddess Ishtar, he has
the
that
the
the
will
goddess
statue
be
may
sent
of
king of Mitani. to Amenophis

members
of
containing greetings to various
the consent
of the
informing him that, with
of
He
her
statue
sent
to
a
Egypt.
hopes
be held in great
honour
in Egypt, and
that
back
Mitani.
safely to
[No. 29,793.]
Tushratta,
Tushratta,
king of Mitani, to Thi, the
of the
members
of Egypt, containing greetings to various
queen
and
be
that
certain
house
of
sent
roval
asking
Egypt,
presents may
to his wife
from them
Yuni, and stating that he is sending as a gift
vessels filled with preciuiisunguents.
[No. 29,794.]
No.
No.
11.
Letter
from
12.
Letter
from
Adda,
Ribthe
disaffection
of
governor
of certain
Byblos, to the
people of Byblosr
Egypt, reporting
has tried
has captured the city of Shigata and
to
of
and
the loyalty of the
undermine
people
Ammiya;
entreating
like a
he is shut up in Byblos
him
the king to send
help, because
bird in a cage."
[No. 29,795.]
king
of
that
Abd-Ashirta
"
No.
of
Letter
13.
from
Rib-Adda,
the
all lost off
were
of
coast
and
Amurri,
Byb:os,
and
ships of Sumuru
the
Egypt, reporting that
of
governor
against
No.
ciiv
that,
abandon
NO.
U-is
\,P.
to
cease
from
Letter
an
which
be
official of
he
wishes
Letter
from
Adda,
of
Byblos.
city
has
rebelled
Rib-Adda,
the
king
the
refused
i.,
to
help him,
the oontrary be
city,he
the
subjects of
king
to
brought
of
of
Egypt,
spite
king
; that
the
declaring-
his
of
Byblos,
to
reportingcertain
[No. 29,798.]
of
governor
of
'he
to
people will
Egypt.
[No. 29.797.]
know.
Ammmura.
is still faithful
king
and
governor
Rib-Adda,
that, in
and
Yankhamu,
of
to the
help
king of Egypt, reportingthat

and
governor
of Sumuru
hands
the
king sends
the
16.
16.
Rib-
that the
lias fallen into
it and
Amanappa,
mat
from
Letter
Surti
unless
He
[No. 29,796.]
14.
of
was
Aziru.
been
him.
Egypt, reporting
of
kingSidon
ship
own
and
captured by the fleet of Yapa-adda

have
repudiates the charges of disloyalty which
and
attacked
and
Berut
his
that
the
to
governor
the
counsels
bo the king.
livlilos, to the
of Beirut,had
of
his
friends
[No. 29,799/]
BABYLONIAN
THE
GUIDE
TO
17.
Letter
AND
ASSYRIAN
king-of
Egypt,
Rib-Adda,
governor
that
Abd-Ashirta
has
reporting
that in
short
No.
very
from
the
time
of
Byblos,
Rib-Adda,
from
Letter
18.
reportingthat the
the
to
captured Berut,
city of Byblos
will
besiegedby
[No. 29,800.]
Byblos,
of
governor
cityof Sumuru
and
be
him.
No.
101
ROOM.
to
the
has
been captured
king of Egypt,
its
slain
and
the
the
that
rebel Aziru
Khaib,
by
governor,
;
enemy,
is plottingthe downfall of Byblos, and that unless soldiersare sent
to protect this city,it must
certainlyfall.
[No. 29,801.]
No.
king
Egypt,
soldiers
and
Rib-Adda,
reporting that
off all the
carried
from
Letter
19.
of
and
oxen
departed
have
that Aziru
which
corn
other
to
of
governor
has defeated
Aziru
places where
the
has
is to
too
strong
be
for
had;
him
[No. 29,802.]
from
Lelter
20.
Rib-Adda,
king of Egypt, reporting that

Byblos, and asserting that he is
by
to
and
city; that the
corn
to resist.
No.
him,
in the
were
Abd-Ashirta, the rebels,are
and
Byblos,
Abd-Ashirta
his
and
unable
followers.
be
request that troops may
of
governor
has
Bikhura
sent
to
The
Byblos,
force
to
the
against
resist
the attacks made

letter concludes
with
[No. 29,803.]
sent.
of Byblos, to AmanRib-Adda, governor

appa, an official of the king of Egypt, reporting that the enemy's
attack
is becoming fiercer ; that provisions have
been
for
scarce
three years past ; and concluding with the request that troops may
No.
from
Letter
21.
be sent.
[No. 29,805.]
No. 22.
Letter
an
appa,
carrying-out
Rib-Adda,
from
official of
the
king
had
his instructions
of
of
Byblos, to AmanEgypt, complaining that the

governor
of
attended
been
results.
and
an
has
of Byblos, to AmanRib-Adda, governor

official of the king of Egypt, reporting that the cityof
rebelled against him, and that he cannot
fightsuccessfully
from
Letter
is stricken with
No.
disastrous
[No. 22,804.]
No. 23.
appa,
Ambi
with
24.
Letter
fear.
from
[No. 29,806.]
Rib-Adda,
that
the
governor
city of
of
Byblos, to
Sumuru
the
been
king
Egypt, reporting
has been
Biri, the Egyptian official,
captured by the enemy
; that
slain,and that Pakhatnnata, the Egyptian General, had been unable
of
send
to
and
troops
and
No.
king
to
protect him.
chariots,and
25.
of
the
for
corn,
people are
Letter
from
Egypt, asking
He
entreats
everything
the
in the
king to send soldiers

city has been consumed,
destitute.
Rib-Adda,
governor
for troops to defend the
has
[No. 29,807.]
of
Byblos, to the
city.
[No. 29,808.]
M
162
BABYLONIAN
Egypt, acknowledgingjoin the
of Berut, to the
king
king's despatch,and
governor
receipt of the
the
to send
declaring that he is ready

to
ANTIQUITIES.
Ammunira,
Letter from
No. 26.
of
ASSYRIAN
AND
soldiers
and
chariots
king'sarmy.
and
horses
[No. 29,809.]
of Berut, to the
Ammunira,
governor
king of Egypt, acknowledging the receipt of the king's despatch,
and
declaring that he is ready to send soldiers and chariots and
He
also reports that certain
horses
to joiu the king's army.
land
of
Amurri
the
in
have
been
ill-treated by the
Egyptians
No.
of Rib-Adda.
followers
No.
of
from
Letter
27.
Egypt,
Abi-milki, governor
from
Letter
28.
[No. 29,810.]
reporting that Zimrida
of
Tyre,
had
to
the
the
of
king
Sazu,
league
captured
city
and
supplies of wood
water; that, in
with Aziru and the people of Arvad, he had attacked
Tyre, but
the city of Sumuru
been defeated ; and that he had handed
over
Aziru.
Abi-milki
the
send
him wood, water,
entreats
king to
and
had
off his
cut
soldiers,and
informs
is unable
send
to
this letter to him
him
him
that he is reduced
to such
the customary gifts,
and is
the hands
by
of
had
to
and
straits that
obliged to
he
send
soldier.
common
[No. 29,811.]
No. 29.
Letter
from
Abi-milki, governor
of
Tyre, to the king

carrying
king'sinstructions
has
the means
of saving the cily,and thanking him for his
been
the
of the troops. He
command
to
appointment
begs the king to
fires wherewith
to drink,and
send him water
wood
make
to
to
of
Egypt, reportingthat
out
of the
himself.
warm
No. 30.
[No. 29,812.]
Letter
from
Abi-milki, governor
Kgypt, reporting that
of
half
of
the
of
Tyre, to the king
is dead; that one

king of Danuna
fire
city Ugarit
destroyed by
; that the soldiers
Aziru
have
have
departed; that Itagamapairi and
of the
the
has
Khatti
been
rebelled;and entreating the king to send him fuel and water, and
four companies of soldiers to help him
to defend
the cityagainst
of Sidou
"Zimrida,the governor
No.
of
Letter
31.
to
Dative*
SJdOD and
intends
St.
No.
to
""
uiiliv
33.
of
he
Other cities have
Letter from
Letter
Amurii,
of
Tyre,
water, and
departed
from
to
the
Carry
stating that
in
king
his in-
ships,and
the
that
[No. 29,814.]
Zitadna,
to
to
out
to
them.
follow
lyingaalatatl "na
No.
[No. 29,813.]
governor
lias been unable
rappfyShaknayatiwith
stractiona
he
Lachish.
of Abi-milki,
EgTpt)reportingthat
"f
and
the
kin--
governor
of
Egypt*
Abd-Ashirta,
the
king
of
of
the
the
city of Accho,
[ No. 29,815.]
governor
of
the
Egypt,expressing profound
GUIDE
TO
THE
BABYLONIAN
ASSYRIAN
AND
163
ROOM.
loyalty to the king. He acknowledges the receiptof

with
his
wishes, sends
despatch, and in accordance
the
king's
him
ten
[No. 29,816.]
women.
34.
No.
Letter
from
to the king of Egypt,

the king'sdespatch,and expressing
the orders it contains.
Abd-Asht[ar]ti
receiptof
acknowledging
the
his intention of
carrying out
[No. 29,817.]
of the land of Amurri,
Letter from Aziru, the governor
No. 35.
of Abd-Ashirta, to the king of Egypt, reportingthat he was
the son
Khani
the royal messenger
absent from his city when
arrived, and
statingthat as soon as he hud any knowledge of the coming of the
orders that Bitili should
supply him with
royal envoy, he gave
Khani
Aziru
declares that when
was
birds, wine, etc.
oxen,
returningto Egypt he supplied him

journey, and that when he met him
with
horses
and
mules
for
his
the way, Khani's

on
greetings
Aziru
that
further
cordial.
most
were
reports
one, Khatib, has
plundered all the gold and silver which the king had sent him, and
half of the goods that were
in his charge ;
has also carried off one
for having received the envoy
he makes
of the king
excuses
finally
This
letter
delivered
to the king
who
had
rebelled.
of Khatti,
was
Egypt by his
of
envoy,
with
gifts of oil, weapons
of
[No. 29,818.]
etc.
war,
together
of the cityof Katna, to

Letter from Akizzi, governor
Amenophis III.,king of Egypt about b.c. 1500, reporting that the
into captivitycertaiu people of the
rebel Aziru
has carried away
city of Katna; that the king of Khatti has rebelled and wasted
with fire the cities under the protectionof Egypt, and that he has
the statue
of the
also seized the gods of Egypt and carried away
Akizzi
refers
the help
to
Sun-god from the city of Katna.
which he gave to the Egyptian soldiers in times past, and calls to
mind
the common
worship of the Sun, and concludes by begging
the king to send him enough gold to redeem the image of the Sungod from the king of Khatti, as well as soldiers to protect the
king'sinterests in the country.
[No. 29,819.]
No. 36.
No.
Letter
from
Akizzi, governor of the cityof Katna, to

Egypt about b.c. 1500, reportingthat
of
of the city
Tiuwatti, governor
Lapana, aud Arzawya, governor
of Rukhizi, have entered
into a league with Aitugama, and have
wasted
the countries of Ubi (Hobah). He
refers to a dispute
between
himself and the king of Khatti,and begs the king to send
troops to help him.
[No. 29,820.]
37.
Amenuphis III., king
No.
king
aud
38.
Letter
of
from
of a city,to the
Shubandi, the governor
that
he
has
received
the royal commands
Egypt, reporting
diligeutlv
guarding the cityunder his charge.
of
is
[No. 29,821.]
m
164
No.
and
he
of
king
is
of a city,to the
governor
the royal commands
received
the
Shubandi,
Letter from
39.
ANTIQUITIES.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
has
that
Egypt, reporting*
the
city uuder
guarding
diligentlv
his
charge.
[No. 29,822.]
No.
the
Shubandi,
from
Letter
40.
of a city,to the
governor
been
to his illness he has
king of Egypt, reporting that owing

obliged to depute the carrying out of the king's orders to Abdithe king.
he will send to meet
milki,whom
[No. 29,823.]
Egypt from the inhabitants of

the
on
Tunip,
lay
Aleppo and near Damascus
After
borders
of Mesopotamia.
greetings to the king, the writers
refer to their ancient
allegianceto him, and remind him that the
those of Egypt.
as
gods of their city are the same
They report
letters
the
that they have
fear that a
to
but
sent
king,
twenty
have been
number
of them
must
interceptedby Aziru the rebel in
afraid that Aziru
will come
with
the country of Khatat.
are
They
and
and
their
soldiers and
chariots
destroy them
city, as he
destroyed Ni and its inhabitants.
They therefore beg the king to
send them help.
[No. 29,824.]
No. 41.
Letter
to
the
of
king
city which
of
south
to the king
people of the city of Irkata
of Egypt, reportingthat they are
protectingthe cityaccording to the
orders of the king'smessenger
Abbikha, and have sent thirtyhorses
as
a
proof of their fidelity. The inhabitants of the country of
Shanku
have
hostile to them, and they beg the
suddenly become
eat dust."
king to send soldiers to help them to make his enemies
No.
Letter from
42.
the
"
[No. 29,825.]
No.
Kumidi,
to
the
city
captured
from
Letter
43.
king
carried
and
of the
Namyawiza,
governor
Egypt, reporting that
of
off
the
and
horses
city
of
rebels have
the
chariots
therein.
Buzrnna and
the
league
of Khalunni, and
stirred up rebellion in Inuamma,
and
governor
carried off chariots from the city of Asht.uti and giventhem to the
The
rebel
Itakkama
rebels.
has
Biridashwi
ravaged
the
latter, the writer

the servant
No.
of
had
promisedto
from
with
the
country
of Abitu;
country
this letter lied
of
of the
king
send
of
the
have
coming
of
Giza, and
having been
and
Damascus
to
attacked
Egypt.
letter from
""f a
Egypt,reportingthat
prevented
made
lias -wasted
Portion
44.
has
ships and
not
their
arrived, and
thrui-h
the
declared
self
him-
[No. 29,826.]
unknown
an
Arzawya
by the
writer, to the king

which
crews
they have
thai
of
hostility
ashirta.
Khava
the
rebel
been
AM-
[No. 29,827.]
10,
to
(Byblos),
Letter from
the king of
Rabimur,
governor
Bgypt,reportingthat
the
city of (,Vl"al
had
A/.iru,the rebel,
of
166
BABYLONIAN
No.
Letter
AND
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
from
of
Pu-Adda, governor
the king-of Egypt, reporting that he will carry
of the Egyptian governor
Rianapa.
56.
No.
Letter
57.
Joppa,
the
to
Palestine and
from
Yabitiri,
the
city of Urza,
to
the instructions
out
[No. 29,839.]
former
of Gaza
and
governor
for
king
Egypt, asking
permission to leave
in the king'sarmy.
to Egypt to serve
a
of
come
[No. 29,840.]
No. 58.
Letter
kings
the
from
the
of
district in Palestine to
that he is about to despatch
governor
Canaan,
of
informing them
thither
to send
Egypt, and requesting them
messenger
him any
gifts which they may have for the king of Egypt.
to
by
[No. 29.841.]
No.
59.
which
the
Wyashdata,
reporting that the goods
consigned to his keeping have been destroyed by
the city of Tada ; that his cattle have been carried
he has made
a
league with Biridiwi of Megiddo.
were
people
and
off;
from
Letter
of
that
[No. 29,842.]
No.
from
Letter
60.
that in consequence
of
traces
No.
an
if
Letter
62.
he declares
officer only remains
although one
No.
enemies
were
On
Milkili
from
the obverse
[No. 29,843.]
Labawitotheking
have
sent to help him
61.
they
about.
Egyptian seal-impression.
Letter from the governor

the soldiers who
that
were
reporting
as
king of Egypt, reporting

having failed to do his duty,
the
to
of Yankhainu
seized all the country round
the rebels have

are
Bayawi
that he
will
of
fightto
loyalto him.
Egypt,
behaved
the end
[No. 29,844.]
the

has forciblycarried off his
Yankhamu, a high Egyptian official,
and
wives
children,and asking the king to send chariots and
to
that
horsemen
No.
receiptof
guard the
No.
king of Egypt]acknowledging
that
be sent to
despatch,and asking
troop- may
Letter from
63.
the
[No. 29,845.]
protect them.
to
Milkili
[No. 29,840.]
town.
Letter
61.
from
Mut-Adda
official,
reportingthat the enemy
and
that the cities of QdUmu,
etc., base rebelled.
No. 65.
pt,
to the
Letter
in
answer
from
to
Yankhamu,
an
high Egyptian
itatingthat he ia
kinjifeet
Bdishtu,Magdalim,
|No. 29,847.]
to
officer,
concerning
inejiiiiics
la the dust of the
occupiedthe cityof Hikhishi,
Aduri, Aram,
Shibti-Adda,
7ankbamuj
ptianofficial,
and
ting,
to
have
king of
fidelityof
the
faithful servant
of
the
a
the
[No. 29,848.]
THE
TO
GUIDE
BABYLONIAN
AND
the governor
Egypt, acknowledging-the receiptof
No.
that
he
because
and
Letter
66.
has
the
to
thresh
who
men
supply
Letter
67.
driven
their overseers,
away
[No. 29,849.]
the
from
Letter from
68.
the
No.
king
with
Letter
69.
from
[No. 29,850.]
Shuardata
governor
is
defenceless
city
Shuardata,
the
to
king
account
on
army
of
of his
he entreats
[No. 29,851.]
of
city, to the
the king's orders
governor
of
Egypt, reportingthat he is carrying out

diligence.
No.
the
to
loyalty,and
Egypt, reporting
having sent all his troops to join the Egyptian
the king to defend him and his city.
his
that
king of
announcing the
Shuardata
governor
his expressions of
Egypt, repeating
despatch of certain gifts.
No.
king- (if
despatch,and informing him

grain required by the king,
refuse to work.
No.
the
to
the
have
corn
1("7
ROOM.
Shum-Adda
from
unable
been
ASSYRIAN
[No. 29,852.]
Tagi, the father-in-law of Milki, to the

and expressing the
king
Egypt, assuring him of his fidelity,
wish
that the king'shighways might be under
the charge of his
brother.
[No. 29,853.]
70.
Letter
from
Letter
from
of
No.
71.
that he has delivered

who
had
taken
an
the
the
officer to
cityof Joppa
expelledthe
and
thither
prisonersthe troops sent
by
the
rebel
Blya,
king'sorders.
[No. 29,854.]
No.
72.
No.
73.
Letter
No.
74.
Letter
Letter from
king of Egypt, asking for

of monies
instructions concerning the recovery
expended by him Lu
Labawi
to Egypt.
attempting to bring
[No. 29,855.]
an
official to
the
cityto the king of Egypt,

reporting that his city is attacked
by day and by night; that the
soldiers in the city of Kukbi
in
are
league against him ; that he is
powerless to restrain the people of the city of Magdalim; and that
the rumour
his charge were
that the gates of all the cities under
had
been
which
carried to the king, is
captured by the enemy,
false.
[No. 29,856.]
him
from
from
to deliver
of
the governor
Dagan-takala
him
out
of the
to
hands
the
treating
king of Egypt, en-
of his foes.
[No. 29,857.]
No.
the
75.
Letter
receiptof the
from
the
to
[No. 29,858.]
king'sdespatch.
No. 76.
Letter from
that ho has received the
the orders
Dashru
contained
Zidri'ara
to
the
king
king'sdespatch, and
therein with
of
Egypt, repoiting
that he has carried
diligence.
out
[No. 29,859.]
168
BABYLONIAN
No.
ASSYRIAN
AND
the
Shatiwi,
from
ANTIQUITIES.
city,to the
king-of Egypt, reporting-that he is diligentlyguarding the city,
and that he has sent his daughter to join the king'shousehold.
Letter
77.
of
governor
[No. 29,860.]
No. 78.
from
Letter
an
officer of the
to the king
city of Gubbu
his
soldiers to join the
despatched
that he has
of
Egypt, reporting
king'sarmy and to march
it wherever
with
it may
go.
[No. 29,861.]
No.
An
to a high official,
appeal from an unknown
person
accusation
him
the
that
be referred to
brought against
asking
may
decision he will accept as final.
the king of Egypt, whose
79.
[No. 29,862.]
No. 80.
from
an
that
in
Letter
Egypt, reporting
Egyptian troops from
officer in Western
of
Asia
the
consequence
the cities round about, the whole
disaffected.
become
No.
king
of
of
the
country
has
[No. 29,S63.]
from
Letter
to the
withdrawal
officer in Western
Asia to the king of

the
and
of
instructions
acknowledging
receipt
announcing
Egypt,
of
bv the king.
certain objectsdemanded
the despatch
81.
an
[No. 29,864.]
No.
Mythological
82.
text
her messenger
Namtar, and
to conduct
her to their home.
and
relatingto the goddess Irishkigal

the part of the guds
to the offer on
Having arrived at the habitation of
the
gods, Irishkigalpassed through the fourteen gates, and when

between
herself and her husband
there,a disputearose
Nergal,who
threatened
her earnest
At
her.
entreaty, however, he
dropped his hand and wept, and spared her life. Finallythe god
and goddess agreed to rule conjointly over
the whole
world, and
whatever
to
kill
Irishkigalwished,
done
was
from
that
time until now.
[No. 29,865.]
No.
Parts of
83.
mould
covering of
or
tablet.
[No. 21,631.]
the upper
portion of this case
of the original
documents
exhibited the greater Dumber
Table-Case
which
lms
of
account
In
G.
been
the
compiled
part
;i
great building
cities
.iinl dlior
the
historyand
operationscarried
the
during
of
reigns
of the
OB
in
are
from
the
lon
Baby-
kings of the
is tho hollow
cone
BabylonianKmpire.
inscribed by the nommaml
ofNabopohissar,king of Babylon,
last
from
The
B.O. 825
to H.C.
"*"""
1
the
earliest
father
of
Nebuchadnezzar
the
at, in which
the god
\|.
he recounts
rodaofa al
the
restoration
Babylon*The
of the
templeof
latest is the solid baked
280
B.C.
tion
story of the restoratemples of Babylon (see Plate XXVII.)
ancient
Borsippa. In the lower
and
comprehensive selection
which
among
with
260, inscribed
to B.C.
of the
Soter, king of Babylonia, from
Antiochus
clay cylinder of
the
portion of
ot legal and
included
are
relating to temple
revenues,
No.
from
Baked
1.
625
B.C.
restoration
No.
clay
to
of the
of Marduk
to
the
tablets,
Seleucid
and
100.
B.C.
king- of Babylon,
recording the
liabylon. [No. 1)1,090.]
with
at
text
of
inside
the
from
core
commercial
to
675
B.C.
inscribed
604,
b.c
arranged
of Nabopolassar,
cone
temple
Earthern
2.
about
from
i.e.,
is
case
ments
interestingdocuThese
etc.
are
arranged
covered
period
by them
chronological order, and the

extends
from the reign of Esarhaddon
eras,
the
of
number
in
Arsacid
169
ROOM.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
GUIDE
the
above
cylinder.
[No. 91,089.]
Nos.
and
clay solid
baked
Two
4.
of
canal
from
the
cutting
cityof Sippar. The sides of the canal were
bitumen, and it is probable that it followed
recording-the
Khammurabi
canal which
cut
of
cones
made
the
fifteen hundred
about
Nabopolassar,
Euphrates to the
river
of bricks
course
years
of
set
the
in
old
before.
[Nos. 91,10-1,91,105.]
in the Babylonian
inscription
of a weight made
by
character, statingthat it is an exact
copy
604
from
of
to
b.c.
Nebuchadnezzar
b.c.
561,
II., king
Babylon,
2500.
fixed by Dungi, king of Babylon, b.c
after the standard
1892.
J.
late
Greville
B.A.,
the
Rev.
Chester,
Presented by
No.
5.
One
maneh
weight
with
an
[No. 91,005.]
Nos.
;i
record
6-51.
of
series
the
of
barrel-shapedcylinders inscribed
building operations
of
Nebuchadnezzar
with
II.
in
documents,
empire.
Babylon
of
India
House
cast
East
a
Inscription,
together with the famous
abundant
No.
in Wall-case
which
is exhibited
181, supply
18,
of shrines,and
details of the building of temples, the restoration
the cityof
of the great wahV-of
reconstruction
the repairing and
whatever
of the wars
and
Babylon, but they contain no mention
his
The
this
set
texts
undertaken
reign.
by
king during
conquests
several
out at great length 'the piety of the king, and
paragraphs
the
honour
he held
of
in
which
in each are
devoted
to a description
the great gods. Stated
brieflythe principalbuildingoperationsof
and
Nebuchadnezzar
other
may
be thus
These
his
great cities of
summarized:
"
The
restoration
of
the
rebuildingof the shrines

of the
repair, or rebuilding,
gods
;
great city walls of Babylon called Imgur-Bel and Nimitti-Bel
; the
Nin-Karrak
the
of
at
of
the
Sippar; the
goddess
Temple
building
Temple
of the
of Merodach
connected
at
Babylon,
therewith
and
the
the
170
BABYLONIAN
buildingof
ASSYRIAN
AND
ANTIQUITIES.
of the
Temple of the Sun-God at Larsa ; the buildingof
the
the
at
Lugal-Marada
Temple
Sun-god
Sippar;
building
in
Temple ; the budding of the Temple of the goddess Nin-makh
of
and
Eastern
of
and
the
the
Canal
cut
clearing
Babylon ;
Babylon
the
these
works
strengthening of its banks.
Apart from
the
attention
and
Nebuchadnezzar
II. devoted
to
pletion
comrepair
great
of the very ancient
shrine of the god Nebo
at Borsippa,the
the
of the
modern
Birs
Babel.
(See
Plate
olden time
of
had
identified with
been
Nebuchadnezzar
XXVIII.)
built
this famous
that the upper
cubits,but
has
which
Nimrud,
portionof
the Tower
tells
tower
to
it had
never
height
that
us
of
of
king
forty-two
a
finished,and
been
that
had
the walls and
had broken
down
heavy rains and storms
and
off
inner
in
ruins.
their
that
the
chambers
were
stripped
facings,
This temple was
rebuilt by Nebuchadnezzar
in seven
stages, each of
which
faced with glazed tiles of a different colour (seo wall-cases
was
called E-ur-imin-an-ki,i.e., The Temple of the
42-44); and it was
"
divisions
seven
of the
Heavens
the Earth."
and
[Nos. 32,(.";,".""
32,936, 33,074, 33,088, 33,097, 46,535, 46,536, 85,975, 90,9(i8,

90,986,91,091-91,103,91,106, 91,108, 91,111-91.114, 91,11891,123, 91,129, 91,131-91,138, 91,141, 91,142.]
No.
about
the
temple
was
Four
of the
Moon-god
in
Ur
B6l-6har-Dsnr
O
the
by the
"
"
of
of
when
"
established
''
godhead in
thine
"
exalted
thy
at
the
word.
as
Lord
of the
And
and
thou
of
temple may
good
E-gish-suir-gal, the temples of
"
reads
earth,
fortune
the
set
the
temple
older
concludes
and
of the
interest
the
with
of the
temple
a
thou
son
"
gods, thou king of

gods of the gods,
with
joy into this
E-zida
templesB-sagil,
thine
and
prayer
his eldest
of
follows:
of
inscribed with
are
Babylonian kings Ur-Gur
thou
of
of
The text
Nabonidus
[Belshazzar], which
Sin (i.e.,
the Moon-God),
They
of
at the corners
site of the
the
on
ancient
behalf
found
were
Mukeyyer.
by Nabonidus
2500.
B.C.
and
Beaven
gods
who dvvellest in Heaven,
"
at
[Mukeyyer]
founded
Dun"i, his son, about

the
to
Moon-god
on
"
account
an
cylinderswhich
the rebuilding
of
Moon-good
with
Babylonia,
of his building[No. 90,913.]
Babylon.
53-56.
the account
which
inscribed
559-556,
B.C.
operationsin
Nos.
clay cylinder of Neriglissar, king
Baked
52.
exalted
godhead,
and
be
the fear of thine exalted
of my
people, that they f"in not against
tike the heavens.
godhead,and let them standfast
for me,
hearts
Nabonidus,
the
king of
protect
Babylon,
thou
me
from
"
"
"
M
'
sinning against thine exalted godhead, and grant thou me

graciouslya long life; aid in the heart of Belshazzar,my lirstborn
the off-springof my
loins,set the fear of thine exalted
son,
he
that
commh
sis and that be may be satismay
no
godhead,so
led with the fulness of Hfe!"
(See Plate XXIX.
)
[Nos.91,125 91,18$.]
GUIDE
Nos.
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
clay cylinders of Nabonidus,
Baked
57-6f",62, G3.
171
ROOM.
ASSYRIAN
AND
inscribe!
with
king
of his
record
a
B.C.
538,
Babylon, from b.c 555
91,110,
91,088,
42,267,
42,209,
91,087,
[Nos.
operations.
building-
of
to
91,140.]
Nos.
Baked
64.
and
61
of
clay cylinder
Babylonia, B.C. 555-538, inscribed with

operations, lie records the restoration
of
account
an
of the
king- of
building-
Nabonidus,
his
Shamash
of
temple
in the reign of Nebuchadnezzar

Larea, which had been wrecked
of Burnaburiash,
II.,and describes the discovery of the monuments
about
of
and
of
B.c.
Khammurabi,
1425,
king of
Babylonia,
king
at
At Agade, an
ancient city of Northern
Babylonia,about B.C. 2200.
in
the
the
he
of
foundations
found
temple of E-ulbar an
Babylonia,
of Sargon I. [about b.c.
inscription
3800] and Naram-Sin, his son,
for
in
had
been
vain
which
sought
by Kurigalzn, king of
Babylonia, about B.C. 1400 ; by Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, about
II.,king of Babylonia, about
B.C.
681-668; and by Nebuchadnezzar
refers to
the
discovery of
which
of
Shagashaltiburiash,king
Babylon,
placed in the temple of E-ulbar in Sippar.
stone
had
1350,
also
Nabonidus
604-561.
b.c.
tion
founda-
about
B.C.
[Nos. 91,124, 91,143.]

clay cylinder of Nabonidus, inscribed with an
of his
account
building operationsand of the chief events
the great king,
reign. In the text the king describes himself as
"
of
the
the
of
the world,
the mighty king,
king
Babylon, the
king
"
king of the four quarters (of heaven and earth),the patron of E-sagil
and E-zida," and he states that before his birth the gods Sin and
Nergal had assigned to him a royal destiny. The text goes on to
with
his people,and
wroth
say that the god Sin in times past was
that he brought the Scythians into the city of Harran, where
they
called
In the beginning of his
E-khul-khul.
destroyed the temple
had a dream
in which
Marduk
the great Lord,
reign Nabonidus
"
No.
Baked
65.
of his
"
"
"
"
"
Sin, the Light of Heaven
and
and
Marduk
the
Earth, stood one

saying:
me,
each
on
side of
Nabonidus,
spake
god
king of Babylon, with the horses of thy chariot bring thou
thou
Sin,
bricks,and build the shrine of E-khul-khul, and make
and
me,
'O
unto
"'thou
"'
great Lord,
'"the
"
Murduk,
dwell
to
Lord
the
of the
thou
temple which
mighty.' Then
"'Scythian of whom
'"the
'kings
who
with
hordes
of
his
are
The
Scythian
commandest
to
me
have
allies,
to
come
captive
deliverance
from
the
Sin, the Moon-god.

at
his
to
own
laud.
As
Scythians Nabonidus
He
also describes
Sippar, which
had
how
been
build,and
thank
unto
possessionof
hath
end.'"
an
I said
And
habitation.'
his
strength
saying :-"
his
"
'
The
land, and the
And
ance
in accord-
god, Cyrus, king of Anzau, attacked

Scythians and captured their king Astyages,
the
Sun-god
'
of the
the words
carried him
the
gods,
his
Marduk
spake unto
me,
thou speakest,himself,and
'"is
"
in
the
and
offering for his
rebuilt the temple of

he rebuilt the temple of
restored
by
Nebuchad-
172
BABYLONIAN
ASSYRIAN
AND
ANTIQUITIES.
II.
of the work
lie
forty-fiveyears before, and in the course
o
f
of
the
the
an
son
inscription Nar"m-Sin,
Sargou I.,
original
founder
of the temple, which
for 3200
had
been
not
seen.
years
From
this statement, the date of the reign of Naram-Sin
be
may
fixed at about b.c. 3750.
Nabonidus
also rebuilt the temple of the
Anunitum
he
of
where
at Sippar,
discovered the inscription
goddess
who
restored
the temple 800 years
Shagashaltiburiash,
before; the
date of the reign of this king may
thus be fixed at about B.C. 1850.
The
text
concludes with a prayer
to the goddess Anunitum.
(See
Plate XXX.)
[No. 91,109.]
nezzar
found
No.
Basalt
66.
weight for two-thirds of

in Persian, Median,
trilingual
inscription
the
the
of
name
Avho
Darius,
reigned from
No.
67.
with
of his
of
of
son
520
b.c.
maneh
and
and
Babylonian,records
the
Hystaspes,
to
Achremenian,
[No. 91,117.]
485.
b.c.
inscribed
shekel,
one
clay cylinder of Cyrus,
baked
53S-529,
b.c.
of his
account
an
about
Portion
Babylonia, about
the
in the Babylonian
king
conquest of Babylonia,and of the chief
reign in that country.

important part of the
of
character
events
following is a rendering of the

most
he says : " He
in which
inscription,
after his own
(i.e.,
Marduk) sought out a righteous prince,a man
he might take by the hand ; and he called his name
heart, whom
for sovereignty
Cyrus, king of Anshan, and he proclaimed his name
The
"
"
over
the whole
"
into
submission
delivered
"
at
hordes
his feet, and
into his hands
he
of the land
the
justlyand
**
to go
Babylon, and
to
like
city and
he caused
friend and
"troops, with
Marduk
fighting
(the god)
righteouslycared
of
his
joy.
to set
made
him
of
he forced
Kutu
out
flood.
enter
for.
had
And
people,beheld
his
him
He
commanded
on
the road to that
ally he marched
by his
marched
about
them,
girt
their weapons
numbers like the waters
"countless
"without
him
of
whom
men
the great Lord, the protector

Marduk,
and his righteousheart with
deeds
good
""
"
"
The
world.
side
with
and
his
him, in
hat tie and
Without
into his
city of Babylon;
lit-spared Babylon tribulation,

and Nabonidus, the king who feared
The
him not, he delivered into his hand."
text
to state
on
goes
that the inhabitants paid homage to him, and
the peoples round
of
tribute.
about brought him
view
With
a
centralising their
had
worship, the former long Nabonidus
gathered together into
the
but this act
Babylon
imagesof the rods From the local temples,
provokedsferodacfa to wrath, and the god decreed his destruction.
After: the occupation
of the eity by the Persians,Gyrus conciliated
shrines.
the Babylonians
the ullages to their original
by restoring
Plate
(See
XXXI.)
[No.90,980.|
""
"
No.
68.
Baked
about
Babylonia,
characters
with
day
a,o.
an
cylinder of Antiochus
880
account,
Soter,
260, inscribed in archaic

of his restoration
of the
king
of
Babylonian
templesof
'"
u
~
Oh
o"
IfsJ
zA
"
i
r2
i^
i
o
'""-
Is*
TO
GUIDE
The
in
E-zida
E-sagil and
of his
and
Anliochus.
Babylon
with
concludes
text
and
prayer
173
ROOM.
Borsippa in the year

to the god Nebo
on
B.C.
270.
behalf
of
Stratouice.
of his wife
Seleucus, and
son
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
[No. 36,277.]
recording the sale of a piece of land in
king
Babylon. Dated at Babylon. Fourth year of Esarhaddon,
the
of
the
Presented
681-669.
of Babylon, b.c
Proprietors
by
[No. 92,712.]
Daily Telegraph."
No.
Fart
69.
of
deed
reign of
the brother of Aslmr-bani-pal,
Shamash-shum-ukin,
king of
Assyria,who appointed him viceroy of Babylon, B.C. GG8.
Nos.
and
70
reign ended
His
during
inscribed
Tablets
71.
the
648.
B.C.
Deed
No. 70.
recording a sale of certain land in Babylon by
of silver. Tenth year of Shamashfor half a maneh
to Ubaru
Kuna
[No. 33,537.]
shum-ukin.
No.
Dated
Fourteenth
Babylon.
suit
concerning
against Munnabitti
at
in
decision
Legal
71.
the
brought, by Sha-Nabu-shu
ownership of certain land.
of Shamash-shum-ukin.
year
[No. 92,999.]
Nos.
bani-pal, king of Assyria,from
reigned
648
during the reign of
inscribed
Tablets
72-76.
668
B.C.
to
He
626.
B.C.
Ashur-
also
Babylon, after deposing his brother, from

the name
626, during which period he assumed
over
to B.C.
B.C.
of
Kandalanu.
No.
Deed
72.
sale of
recording the
Erishi for one

by Ina-eshi-etfr
Twentieth
silver.
Dated at Erech.
No.
Part
73.
of
deed
of
house
maneh
to
year
barter.
in the city of Erech

iifteen shekels
and
of
of
Ashur-bani-pal.
[X"".92,706.]
Seventh
year
of
Kandalanu.
[No. 93,001.]
Receipt
No. 74.
for
ten
vessels
of
oil.
Fourteenth
[No. 93,006.]
Kandalanu.
No. 75.
and
of
year
Deed
one-third
of
recordingthe
a
shekel
sale
of silver.
maneh
of four slaves for one
Fifteenth year
of Kandalanu.
[No. 92,997.]
No.
76.
Twentieth
Nos.
Receipt
year
77
and
for
fifty-sevenand
of Kandalanu.
78.
half
manebs
of
iron.
[No. 92,720.]
Tablets
Sin-shar-ishkrm, king of
inscribed during the reign

Assyria,about B.C. 615.
of
174
AND
BABTLONIAN
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
recording a loan by the treasury of the Temple

Dated
others.
the Sun-god in Sippar to Shamash-epush and
of
Sin-shar-ishkun.
Second
[No.92,718.]
Sippar.
year
No.
of
at
Deed
77.
Deed
No. 78.
Nabu-zer-ushabshi
recording
to
the
interest
their possessions,
Nos.
two
Seventh
No.
80.
recordingthe sale
of Nabopolassar.
Extract
from
the
date
of
and
witnesses
of twenty
all
cent.
per
[No. 93,000.]
during
the
625
B.C.
by
of
reign
to
604,
B.C.
the Great.
of
Deed
year
securityof
the
on
of Siu-shar-ishkum.
inscribed
father of Nebuchadnezzar
79.
Shuma
of silver
raaneh
king of Babjdon, from
Nabopolassar,
No.
half
paid at the rate
year
Tablets
79-82.
of
of
sons
to be
Seventh
at Erech.
Dated
loan
Babylon.
near
[No. 92.996.]
deed, giving
the
land
certain
list of
document.
the
Tenth
of the
names
of
year
polassar.
Nabo-
[No. 92,728 ]
No.
Nabu-eVn*
the
to
recording a loan of silver by Ikisha-Mardnk
certain
land
the security of
to be paid at
; interest
Deed
81.
on
of eleven
rate
and
two-thirds
Fourteenth
cent.
per
Deed
82.
shekels
recording
of silver
the rate
of
of
[No. 30,335.]
Nabop3lassar.
No.
year
loan of one-third
Marduk-zer-ibni
by
twenty
per
cent.
of
to lbna
Sixteenth
interest
and
four
to be
paid at
Nabopolassar.
of
year
maneh
[No. 30,311.]
Nos.
and
other
every
year
83.
(Tinaria to
important series
in which
documents
of the
Babylon, from
No.
An
83-156.
B.C.
reign
604
of
to B.C.
of
commercial, legal,
recorded
arc
transactions
II., king of
Nebuchadnezzar
.561.
Deed

Itti-Manluk-balaVi. Accession
house
in
""f
\ea:
[No. 31,508.]
Tablet ""f accounts

""!' the
into tin- "Storehouse
II.
oi Nebuchadnezzar
No.
hi.
85.
the property
\e.u
year
Babylon by
Nebuchadnezzar
II.
No.
for
of
of
hist
of
of accounts
the
dales
copcerning
King"
in
the
received
city
of
as
revenue
Sippar.
First
[No. 92,786.]
concerningsilver,
grain,bitumen,etc.,
temple jjf(he
Sun-god, from
the
to the flrstjrear of Nebuchadnezzar

Nabopolassar
Nebuchadnezzar
II.
|No.
wenty-lirst
tl. First
1)2,742.]
GUIDE
No.
Deed
86.
to be
interest
of
paid
silver
the
at
Two
88 and 89.
shekels of silver
the rate
two-thirds
twenty
First year
cent.
per
of
per
dates.
Second
of
year
[No. 32,916.]
deed
Third
loan of thirteen
recording a
Bel-ushezib
to
cent.
of
loan
copies of
Kudurru
by
of twenty
of
[No. 30,489.]
Deed
87.
No.
recording-a
II.
Nebuchadnezzar
Nos.
of fifteen and
II.
Nebuchadnezzar
175
ROOM.
by Nabu-nasir-aplu to Nabu-ailu
of
rate
ASSYRIAN
AND
loan
recording-a
nine shekels
eh and
man
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
of
year
interest
to
be
paid at
Nebuchadnezzar
II.
[No. 31,141, 92,710.]

Two
Nos. 90 and 91.

Kudurru
Simla;
to
Fourth
cent.
copiesof
interest
to
deed
be
paid
of Nebuchadnezzar
year
recording a loan of silver

the
at
of twenty
rate
1"y
pet-
II.
[Nos.30,636, 92,711.]
No.
Deed
92.
Marduk-zer-ibni
is
to
ten
recording
repaid within
be
interest
cent,
per
II.
months;
two
No.
Shula
silver
by
Marduk-shfipik-zeri.This loan
at the expirationof this period
of Nebuchadnezzar
year
loan
of one
of silver by
nianeh
a
the security of all his property;
Kudurru
on
one-third per cent.
at the rate of thirteen and
to
Bu'iti; interest
to
Seventh
for
year
one
No.
96.
Kudurru
Seventh
of
to
loan
be
[No. 30,572.]
of fifteen shekels
paid
Nebuchadnezzar
recording the sale
Deed
95.
II.
recording a
Deed
94.
maneh
and
the
at
rate
II.
of
eight shekels
of
silver
of twenty
slave
silver.
by
Kiba'
Seventh
year
of
to
year
of
[No. 31,905.]
Mushezib-Bel
partnership between
manehs
four
of
amounted
to
their jointcapital
Deed
by
per
[No. 30,429.]
male
of
II.
Nebuchadnezzar
son
of
recording
Deed
93.
Kudurru
No.
talent
one
charged. Fifth
will be
interest to be paid
Sixth year of Nebuchadnezzar
cent.
of
[No. 92,788.]
Daianu-Marduk
No.
loan
and
Belishunu
to
of
Nebuchadnezzar
II.
and
silver.
[No. 31,098.]
Two copies of a deed recording the sale of their

Nos. 97 and 98.
zar
wife to Shula.
Adi'-ilu
and
his
Eighth year of Nebuchadnezby
[Nos. 31,007, 31,042.]
II.
No.
99.
to Ibna.
Deed
Dated
recording a loan of
Babylon. Eighth
at
silver
year
by Marduk-shapik-zeri
of Nebuchadnezzar
II.
[No. 30,677.]
17G
BABYLONIAN
Xo.
recording1the
Deed
100.
and
baby by Shamash-uballit
shekels
for niueteen
ASSYRIAN
AND
ANTIQUITIES.
of
sale
Ubartum
of silver.
slave
Kafir and
to
Eighth
female
and
Iddin-Marduk
of Nebuchadnezzar
year
her
II.
[No. 32,919.]
recordiug a guarantee by Akkia
disappear Akkia
Nergal-shar-usur. If these men
No.
an
manehs
for Nabu-usur
Deed
101.
of
Ninth
silver.
year
of Nebuchadnezzar
is to pay
six
II.
[No. 31,191.]
No.
102.
Kudurru;
Tenth
Deed
of partnership between
their jointcapitalamounted
to
year
No.
shekels
four
II.
Nebuchadnezzar
of
Nabu-akhe-ukin
certain pitch and
Tenth
bitumen.
of
silver.
[Xo. 30,321.]
Receipt given by Shamash-mudammik
103.
and
to
Ibna
of Nebuchadnezzar
year
for
II.
[No. 92,789.]
No
104.
by Apia, to
recording a debt of
as
daughter Khamma
possessionssecurityfor
Deed
four
his
part of her dowry.

Apia
the debt.
Eleventh
year of
all his
makes
II.
Nebuchadnezzar
No.
to
Shula
Twelfth
for
year
five-sixths of
sale
of
maneh
No.
107.
and
and
Dagil-ilani
year
Deed
his wife
and
another
Thirteenth
to
of
Latubashinni
Dagil-ilani
gives
manehs
of silver.
[No. 30,571.]
Shula;
is to be
year
half
II.
concerning the payment

and
given time, the slave
for his services.
for
one
of Nebuchadnezzar
by Nabu-nipshari
within
slave
slave by Kudurru
eight shekels of silver.
[No. 31,819.]
Marriage-contractbetween
In return
the daughter of Khamma.
male
male
and
No. 106.
Thirteenth
[Xo. 32,852.]
II.
of Nebuchadnezzar
his mother-in-law
of silver owed
recording the
Deed
105.
manehs
the price of B slave

Daymen! be DOl made
of
if
returned
and
Nebuchadnezzar
payment
made
II.
[No. 31,140.]
Nalu'i-salim and
between
Deed recording an agreement
the
settlement
of
Fifteenth
of
accounts.
concerning
year
11.
Nebuchadnezzar
| No. 80,940.]
No.
108.
Arad-Bcl
to N'aburecordinga loan of silver by Shutn-ukin

at
the
of
Inter*
rate
paid
twenty per cent,
apltriddina
i
teentb year of NTebucbacuiezzar II.
[ No. .".0,117.]
Ho, 109.
HO.
Deed
l-i-l Of the
"gain
judgeiin
torecover
lh year
an
action
certain land
which
of Vlnichadii'/./ar
brOUffhl l"yShapik-zeri
had
II.
belongedto his
[ V". 41,895.]
X
X
X
w
H
"
-
"=
;vt
"*
TO
0U1DE
No.
Deed
111.
recording an
Khakhkhurii
and
113
and
[No. 41,394.]
of
year
[No. 31,031.]
Two
114.
Nineteenth
slave.
II.
II.
Nebuchadnezzar
Nos.
177
ROOM.
recording a loan of grain. Nineteenth
Deed
112.
regard
with
ASSYRIAN
between
Shula
arrangement made
to the
possession of certain land.
of Nebuchadnezzar
Eighteenth year
No.
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
copies of
deed
recording the sale
of Nebuchadnezzar
year
of
II.
[Nos. 31,865,33,102.]
Deed
No. 115.
between
Bei-zdr-ibni
recording an agreement
and Shula, concerning the settlement
Twentieth
of accounts.
year
of Nebuchadnezzar
No.
Deed
116.
bani-akhi
II.
Nebuchadnezzar
No.
Part
117.
118.
silver.
No.
of
loan
maneh
one
Sha-NamVshi.
of silver
Nabu-
year
of
[No. 92,707.]
of
Deed
by
Twenty-first
tablet of
Twenty-second
accounts.
II.
Twenty-second
No.
and
II.
Nebuchadnezzar
No.
recording a
Babia
to
[No. 31,135.]
year
of
[No. 92,992.]
recording the sale of certain land

of Nebuchadnezzar
year
II.
near
Babylon..
[No. 33,907.]
maneh
of
Receipt given by Nergal-ushezib for one
II.
Twenty-third year of Nebuchadnezzar
[No. 92,993.]
119.
120.
Deed
recording the sale of an ox by Shamash-mudummik, a priestof Agade, to the temple of the Sun-god at Sippar for
of silver.
thirteen shekels
nezzar
Twenty-fourth year of NebuchadII.
No.
121.
[No. 92,745.]
Tablet
of
accounts.
Twenty-fifthyear
II.
No.
122.
akhe-iddina.
of
nezzar
Nebuchad-
[No. 92,779.]
Deed
by Shullumu
recording a loan of corn
II.
Twenty-fifthyear of Nebuchadnezzar
to
Nabu-
[No. 30,404.]
No.
123.
Tablet
of
concerning the supply of dates for

Sippar. Twenty-sixth
[No. 92,727.]
accounts
E-babbara, the temple of the Sun-god in

year
No.
of Nebuchadnezzar
124.
Deed
recording the sale
Marduk-tabik-zeri
Nebuchadnezzar
No.
125.
II.
to
of
Nabu-akhe-iddina.
house
Babylon by
of
Twenty-sixth year
II.
Deed
[No. 32,870.]
mushetik-urra
and
his
year of Nebuchadnezzar
in
wife
II.
to
female
Nabu-akhe-iddina.
slave
by NabtiTwenty-sixth
[No. 30,301.]
178
AND
BABYLONIAN
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
the sale of
recording1
silver.
Twenty-seventh
Deed
No. 126.
of a shekel
of
female
slave for one-third
of
year
II.
Nebuchadnezzar
[No. 92,754.]
No.
Rimut
Receipt given by
127.
of
certain grain in part payment

II.
Nebuchadnezzar
Nabu-akhe-iddina
to
Twenty-eighth year of
[No. 30,569.]
debt.
for
and
InaUbar
recordingan agreement between
Esagil-shum-ibni,
by which the former will pay twelve ka of corn
for
of a male
in
the services
slave.
Twenty-eighth
daily return
II.
of
Nebuchadnezzar
[No. 30,342.]
year
No.
128.
Deed
No.
129.
Guarantee
which
slaves
with regard 10 two

given by Guzuramu
to Nabu-etir-napshati.Twenty-ninth
had
she
sold
of Nebuchadnezzar
year
Nos.
and
130
slave
male
by
Twenty-ninth
No.
mother
[No. 31,004.]
copies of
133.
recording the
her
as
\"". 134.
of
year
female
of Nebuchadnezzar
shekels
two
gift of
sale of
of silver.
II.
male
year
[No. 92,765.]
copies of
Two
136.
which
chadnezzar
Nebu-
[No. 92,713.]
II.
No.
of Nebuchadnezzar
Receipt given by Nabu-etir for certain silver

Thirtieth year of
paid him by Nabu-akhe-iddina.
akhe-iddina
of
for two-thirds
slave
Thirtieth
service
135.
had been
[No. 92,781.]
II.
No.
of
by her
slave
for the
concerning oxen
recording the
Deed
and
maneh
recording the sale
nezzar
Twenty-ninth 3rear of Nebuchad[No. 30,329.]
dowry.
of accounts
Tablet
gods. Thirtieth
the
deed
to
II.
No.
Bel-ballitfor fifty-oneshekels of silver.

II. [Nos. 30,598, 31,877.]
Ramua
to
Two
131.
Bel-ukin
Deed
132.
II.
for certain
grain
payment
of
debt.
to
Nabu-
Thirtieth
[Nos. 30,325, 1 1,501.]
II.
Rimut
receipt given by
in part
Tablet of accounts
No. 137.
concerning the supply of dates lor
K-babl ara, tin temple of the Sun-god in Sippar. Thirty-first
year
"
No.
138.
Deed
recording
of Nebuchadnezzar
No.
139.
No.
11
'i.
Nebuchadnezzar
loan
of
silver.
ifclet
of
accounts.
II.
Receipt for
II.
Thirty-second year
[No. 41,393.]
II.
Portion of
Nebuchadnezzar
[No. 92,762.]
II.
of NelHj.hadneZ7.ai-
one
maneh
of silver.
Thirty-socond
year of
jN"". ;n',784.]
Thirty-thirdyear of
[No. 92,764.]
180
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
to
recording the sale of a female slave by Rimat
of
Nebuchadnezzar
II.
Xabu-etir. Forty-first
[No. 31,094.]
year
Xo.
154.
Deed
Xo.
155.
Deed
to his
recording the giftof

undertakes
daughter, who
Forty-secoud year
his life.
Xo.
Deed
15G.
of
157-162.
B.C.
support him
to
during the
II.
partnershipbetween
four
to
Kudurru
shekels
inscribed
Tablets
(Amil-Marduk) king
Merodach
possessionsby Simla
of Xebuchaduezzar
their joint capitalamounted

II.
Xebuchadnezzar
Nos.
all his
of
Xo.
shekels
and
another;
silver.
Reign of
[Xo. 31,488.]
during the reign of EvilBabylon, from B.C. 561 to
of
158.
Deed
of
silver
recording the
a
settlement
and
house
slave.
of
Xo.
Deed
159.
disputeconcerning
Accession
recording a loan
by Iddina-Marduk
half
of
Xo.
Deed
I GO.
recording the
sale of
house
maneh
in
year
Deed
162.
X.nliu-aklii
to
recording
Tabik-zeri, on
163-171.
the
of
First
of silver.
First
four
manehs
of silver by
Second
securityof his house.
[No. 31,245.]
Tablets
inscribed
Neriglissar (Nergalshar-mur)king
B.C.
Babylon. First
[Xo. 41 ,398.]
[No. 31,101.]
loan
shekels
of ten
of Evil-Merodach.
Nos.
three
[Xo. 31,100.]
Deed recording a loan

161.
of Evil-Merodach.
No.
and
loan of silver and sesame-seed.
recordinga
year of Evil-Merodach.
NO.
Evil-
Xabu-apla-iddina. First
[No. 30,330.]
to
of Evil-Merodach.
year
of
year
[No. 30,845.]
of Evil-Merodacb.
year
to
[No. 30,567.]
559.
Xo. 157.
Deed
the possession of
Merodach.
year
of
rest
of
during the
reign
Babylon, from
B.C.
of
."".""'."
556.
168.
Deed
and
of mnaneli
the
recording
sale ""f threo
live .shekels of silver.
slaves
Accession
year
for two-thirds
of
Neriglissar.
[No, 98,791.]
L64.
four
OPO
sons
Deed
recordingthe
of Manluk-ct'ir
lo
third inaneli.sof silver.
sale
of
Nalui-akln'-iddina
AOOettiOI)
voar
dfcte-plantatioa
by the
for
twenty-two
of Neriglissar.
and
[No.41,399.]
TO
GUIDE
THE
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
181
ROOM.
of silver,
thirty
recording a gift of five manehs
furniture
with
household
slaves
and
together
by
oxen,
the dowry of his daughter.
Marduk-shar-usur
to Nabu-bani-zeri,
as
First year of Neriglissar.
[No. 30,525.]
No.
165.
Deed
sheep, two
relatingto a proposal of marriage made

tojthe princess Gigitum, through her father Neriglissarthe king,by
Nabu-shum-ukin, a high official. First year of Neriglissar.
No.
Part of
166.
deed
[No. 47,517.]
No.
maneh
recording the
Deed
167.
five shekels of silver.
and
of
sale
First year
of
half
for
slave
male
Neriglissar.
[No. 30,574.]
No.
Tablet
168.
of the
Temple
No.
169.
Second
year
No.
in
Sun-god
of the
concerning the revenue
Sippar. First year of Neriglissar.
[No. 92,746.]
accounts
Deed
recording
of Neriglissar.
Receipt for the

Neriglissar.
170.
of
year
of
171.
No.
Deed
and
loan
No.
Accession
year
No. 173.
of
year
Tablets
172.
of
Deed
are
group
one
Third
year.
hundred
of twelve
of
measures
Fourth
Nabu-bani-akhi.
inscribed
during
Babylon, from
B.C.
extending
accounts
of
year
the
556
reign of
to
three
over
555.
B.C.
years.
[No. 92,721.]
recordingthe part payment
included
"which relate
No.
for
of
debt.
Labashi-Marduk.
of the
year
555 to B.C.
B.C.
from
house
Labashi-Marduk.
Accession
[No. 92,747.]
An
174-235.
other documents,
every
silver.
[No. 41,401.]
of
of
Nos.
and
to
Tablets
king
Labashi-Marduk,
of
manehs
[No. 31,209.]
a
recoi'ding
173.
of
rent
by Daianu-shum-iddina
Neriglissar.
172
twelve
of
[No. 30,443.]
onions
Nos.
loan
important
in which
series of
are
recorded
reign
of
538.
It will be noticed
chieflyto
number
Nabonidus,
of
the sale and
commercial
legal
transactions
king
large and
of
for
Babylon
that among
this
fine documents
transfer of land.
Legal decision in a case

brought before the judges in
Babylon by Dillilitum against Nabu-akhC-iddina
concerning the
for
him
Dillilitum
in
the first year of
a
payment
slave,sold to
by
Neriglissar,
king of Babylon. Accession year of Nabonidus.
174.
[No. 41,402.]
No.
rent
1 75.
to be
Deed
recording the lease

paid half-yearly. First year
of
house
for six years,
the
of Nabonidus.
[No. 92,769.]
182
BABYLONIAN
No.
out
by Gugua
her
to
the rest of her life. Second

No.
no
[No. 33,063.]
concerning the purchase of a house in Borsippa

stated that the agent who
arranged the purchase has
it is
to the
claim
dowry,
support her for
to
of Nabonidus.
year
her
formed
are
Deed
1 77.
in which
monies, which
certain
loan, and certain land, which

son
Ea-zer-ibni,who undertakes
deposit or
on
ANTIQUITIES.
recording the gift of
Deed
176.
ASSYRIAN
AND
Second
property.
Nabonidus.
of
year
[No. 32,871.]
No.
Deed
178.
silver
the
recording
loan
to Na'ou-akhe-erba
by Gugua
securityof
his house.
Second
of
at
of
one-third
twenty
of
year
per
maneh
of
interest
cent,
On
Nabonidus.
[No. 30,308.]
No.
seed,
Deed
179.
Third
and
180
land
some
and
Third
of
year
copies
Two
of
deed
and
seven
son.
of
to Kabti-ilani-Marduk
of silver.
shekels
[Nos. 30,338, 32,849.]
Two
183.
and
recording the sale
two-thirds
Nabonidus.
copies of
deed
Marduk-shum-iddina
Nabu-akhe-iddina,
half shekels
his wife
[No. 92,782.]
half manehs
plantationby
to
food, drink, sesameto
Babylon by Nabu-shum-usur
a
and
182
in-law,
and
181.
near
for twenty
Nos.
of
of Nabonidus.
year
Nos.
date
recording an allowance
be paid by Na'id-Marduk
salt,etc., to
for
of silver.
and
and
one
Fourth
recording the sale

his
maneh
his sister and
two-thirds
of
of
son-
two
of Nabonidus.
year
[Nos. 33,089, 41,406.]

Nos.
and
184
185.
Itti-Marduk-balaû
maneh
of silver.
copies of
Two
and
deed
Tabik-zeri ; their
of Nabonidus.
of
partnershipbetween
to one
capitalamounted
Fifth year
[Nos. 30,354, 30,765.]

No.
Tablet
186.
of accounts
niiih/.iiu
No.
Deed
Nabu-akhe-iddina
iw
of silver.
Deed
188.
Tear
plantationby Nabiitwo-thirds
of a maneh
eight

Filth
for
year
for
date;
[No. 33,064.]
of Nabonidus.
ballitto Nabu-akhe-iddina
Fifth
of
[No. 92,721.]
\"". 187.
shekels
Fifth year
concerning revenue.
Nabonidus.
half
date
plantationby
h three
main
o! Nabonidus.
shekels
of
Nabu-
silver.
[No. 33,912.]
the BOB of
between I'hallit.su-Cula,
Marriage contract
of
Slunn-ukin.
Nahu-nadin-akhi.
the daughter
and [na-Esugil-banat,
of Nabonidos.
Sixth Tear
[No. 30,958.]
No.
189.
No.
190.
Mu-
Deed
recordlnj
ii.tlhii..M.ti'iuk. the
Neboriidui.
son
Fl of
dowry
of Nabu-shutu-ishkun.
to
his sister
Seventh
\ear
by
Of
[No. 30,705.]
No.
GUIDE
TO
191.
Deed
BABYLONIAN
THE
the
recording
sale
Seventh
of silver.
three manehs
AND
of
slaves]_for
female
three
of Nabonidus.
year
183
ROOM.
ASSYRIAN
"
,.
'
[No. 30,580.]
No.
Deed
192.
recording
for two
Nabu-akhe-iddina
Seventh
No.
of
Part
by Shula,
five slaves
of
manehsfive
of
shekels
to
silver.
[No. 30,950.]
deed
recording the sale of certain land which

date-palms. Eighth year of Nabonidus.
thinlyplanted with
was
sale
half
of Nabonidus.
year
193.
the
and
[No. 41,407.]
No.
rent
the
which
Part of
195.
Temple
in
who
Abbatum's
have
paidj him
is added
name
of Nabonidus.
tablet of accounts
Sun-god
of the
Abbatum
of
tenants
they occupy.
Eighth year
characters.
Aramean
No.
the
List of
194.
for houses
in
[No. 92,723.]
concerning
the
of
revenue
of Nabonidus.
Sippar. Eighth year
[No. 92,732.]
No.
iddina
Deed
196.
the
recording
to Tabik-zeri
sale
for fourteen
of
female
shekels
slave
of silver.
Nabonidus.
No.
a
Nab
by
Ninth
u-
of
year
[No. 34,532.]
Deed
197.
recording the
sale of
shekels of silver.
baker, for fifty-five
who
slave
Ninth
trade
by
was
of Nabonidus.
year
*r
[No. 30,606.]
No.
Part
198.
the Temple
of the
of
tablet
Sun-god
of
in
concerning the
accounts
Ninth
Sippar.
of
revenue
of Nabonidus.
year
[No. 92,783.]
No.
work.
Nos.
favour
Tablet
199.
Ninth
200
year
and
of Bunanitum
her
relating to
accounts
and
weavers
their
[No. 92,776.]
copiesof a deed recordinga decision in

in a suit brought by her against Akabi-ilu,her
gain the possession of the property bequeathed
Two
201.
brother-in-law, to
to
of
of Nabonidus.
by her husband.
Ninth
year
of Nabonidus.
[Nos. 33,945, 41,459.]

No.
202.
Tablet
of accounts
concerning dates.
Nabonidus.
No.
manehs
203.
Deed
No. 204.
Deed
shekels of silver.
No.
205.
Deed
recording the
Tenth
year
sale
of

Tenth
year
three
of Nabonidus.
of
recording the
sale
male
of certain
by
slaves
for
two
[No. 30,260.]
of Nabonidus.
trees, in the district of Babylon,

akhe-iddina
for one
eleven shekels
maneh
Nabonidus.
year
[No. 92,780.]
of silver.
date
Ninth
slave
for
fifty
[No. 30,375.]
land, planted with
Bel-ushallim
of silver.
Tenth
to
Nabuyear
of
[No. 33,136.]
184
No.
Tablet
206.
city of Sippar.
No.
Tenth
monies
[No. 92,741.]
received
during a period of
two
Tenth
years.
Tablet
Tenth
revenue.
year
Marduk-balaû
of
accounts
of
Nabonidus.
Joan
Bel-iddina
to
to be
of
recording a
Deed
209.
interest
year
paid
at
the
on
of
maneh
one
the
security of
of twenty per
rate
of
of
Tablet
No.
of
Tablet
"Store-house
of Nabonidus.
Temple
of
of the
year
received
as
concerning dates
of the king" in the city of Sippar.
accounts
[No. 92,763.]
accounts
king"
in
of the
concerning the revenue
the city of Sippar. Eleventh
year
[No. 92,753.]
of
Tablet
213.
the
of
land ;
Eleventh
revenue.
of Nabonidus.
year
212.
No.
concerning
accounts
into the "Store-house
Eleventh
Itli-
[No. 92,759.]
Tablet
211.
revenue
by
certain
Eleventh
cent.
Nabonidus.
No.
silver
[No. 30,510.]
210.
of
or'
year
concerning grain received as

[No. 92,719.]
Nabonidus.
No.
the
[No. 92,750.]
208.
No.
for
revenue
as
Nabonidus.
No.
in the
Store-house"
of Nabonidus.
year
certain
of Shamash
Temple
ANTIQUITIES.
the "Great
of
of accounts
List of
207.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
Sun-god
concerning the
accounts
in
Sippar.
Eleventh
of
revenue
the
of Nabonidus.
year
[No. 92,771.]
No. 214.
Deed
Marduk-tabik-zeri.
So. 215.
year
Tddin-Nabu, the
Twelfth
year
of
Itti-Marduk-balatu
of
sons
property between
of
and
[No. 41.409.]
of Nabonidus.
recording a division
and
Babylon.
partnership between
Eleventh
Deed
slnini-iddina
at
of
Marduk-
Nabii-l"ani-/.eri.
Dated
[No. 92,792.]
Nabonidus.
So. 216.
Deed
by Belrecording the sale of o date-plantation
f
or
iddina to Itti-Mardnk-balAta
three and two-thirds manehs
eight
sheki-ls of auVer.
Twelfth year of Nabonidus.
[No. 33,090.]
So.
revenue
Twelfth
\".
Tablet ""f accounts

as
concerning dales received
into the " Store-house of the king" m the city""f Sippar.
217.
year
of
Nabomdus.
Deed
I'lH.
of
[No. 92,730.]
between
partnership
Simla
Their jointcapital
amounted
\ai.ii-a|)l:i-iddiiia.
silver. Twelfth year of Nabonidus.
l'I'.i.
.
Thirteenth
Deed
year
of
recording
a
Naiionidns.
loan of dales.
slave of
three manehs of
and
t"
the
[No.82,101.]
Dated
at
Babylon.
|No. 80,725.]
GUIDE
for
half
and
Receipt given by Sukai
No. 220.
and
talent
one
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
Rimut,
two
of
year
[No. 92,767.]
Nabonidus.
No.
blacksmiths,
Thirteenth
iron.
of
maneh
185
ROOM.
of
Tablet
221.
concerning
accounts
intended
oxen
for
sacrifice before
Shamash, Ai, Bunene, Anunitum, Gula, Ramman,
of
and
other
deities in the
city of Sippar. Thirteenth
year
[No. 92,739.]
Nabonidus.
Tablet of accounts
No. 222.
concerning dates received as revenue
of
the
the
into
"Storehouse
king" in the cityof Sippar. Thirteenth
year
of Nabonidus.
No.
concerning dates.
of accounts
Tablet
223.
[No. 92,736.]
Fourteenth
of Nabonidus.
No.
Deed
224.
balatsu-ikbiamong
Fourteenth
No.
Nubta
to
recordingthe division of his property by Nabuthe members

of his family. Dated
at Babylon.
of Nabonidus.
year
Deed
225.
[No. 92,793.]
of silver and
loan
recording a
Itti-Marduk-balatu. Dated
at
by
year
[No. 30,956.]
Deed
No. 226.
Fourteenth
Sira.
recordinga
of
Sun-god
of the
loan
of silver
by Nergal-bel-usurto
[No. 30,953.]
of Nabonidus.
year
Tablet
227.
temple
sesame-seed
Fourteenth
Babylon.
of Nabonidus.
No.
year
[No. 92,726.]
concerning the
accounts
in
Sippar. Fourteenth
of
revenue
the
of Nabonidus.
year
[No. 92,770.]
No.
temple
228.
Tablet
of the
Sun-god
of
in
concerning the
accounts
Sippar. Fifteenth
year
of
revenue
the
of Nabonidus.
[No. 92,725.]
No.
shum-ibni
Fifteenth
year
slave
female
Itti-Marduk-balatu for two-thirds
to
Nc. 230.
dates
Deed
229.
of
of Nabonidus.
Tablet
of
maneh
of silver.
[No. 30,911.]
concerning
accounts
suppliedfor workmen.
by Marduk-
Sixteenth
year
amounts
of
grain and
of Nabonidus.
[No. 92,737.]
231.
No.
Deed
Marduk-shum-iddina
of Mushezib-Marduk.
recording the
and
Iddin-Nabu,
Sixteenth
year
to
of
Sira, the
Nabu-nadin-shum,
marriage
sister
the
of
son
of Nabonidus.
[No. 92,794.]
No.
232.
Deed
recording the
sale of a male slave by Nabuushallim

to Itti-Marduk-balatu for two-thirds
of a maneh
eight
shekels of silver. Seventeenth
of
Nabonidus.
[No. 30,511.]
year
186
BABYLONIAN
No.
to
233.
Deed
ASSYRIAN
AND
recording the
ANTIQUITIES.
sale of
slave
hNabu-akhe-iddinafor fifty-two shekels
by Labashi-Marduk
of
No.
[No. 33,916.]
Legal decision concerning the ownership
234.
Reign
of Nabonidus.
No.
of
List
235.
and
236-278.
other
shepherds,husbandmen
and
An
of
of
No.
of
the
series
important
documents,
every year
B.C.
538 to
in which
are
commercial, legal
year
of silver.
Accession
vear
[No. 31,180.]
Tablet
237.
No.
for
transactions
Cyrus, king of Babylon from
of
reign
recorded
Receipt for fifteen shekels
for the service of
of
slave.
gardeners. Reign
[No. 92,744.]
Cyrus.
No.
529.
B.u.
236.
of
[No. 33,084.]
of Nabonidus.
Nos.
Reign [of
silver.
Nabonidus.
of accounts
concerning garments
Sharnash,Ai, Bunene,
and
other
furniture
and
Accession
deities.
[No. 92,772.]
Cyrus.
bundles of
recording a loan of three thousand
in Babylon.
Dated
by Nergal-risua to Nabu-shum-ukin.
of
Cyrus.
[No. 30,873.]
year
Deed
238.
onions
'
First
recording a loan of one maneh of silver by KalbA

in the city of
to
interest.
Dated
Itti-Marduk-balatu,without
Urazumetanu.
Second year of Cyrus.
[No. 31,181.]
No.
239.
Dead
No.
240.
Deed
ana-Marduk
taught
No.
by
temple
Cyrus.
of
No.
the
slave Atkal-
Bel-etfr for five years
year
of
to
be
Cyrus. [No. 30,251.]
of five shekels
of silver
[No. 30,584.]
concerning the supply of sheep for

of
the Sun-god in the city of Sippar. Second
year
of accounts
[No. 92,778.]
"
Tablet
\"". 848.
from
to
Second
recording the payment

Second
year of Cyrus.
Tablet
242.
the
weaving.
Nubta
Deed
to Bani-zeri.
Second
his mistress
the art of
241.
No.
recording the apprenticeshipof
of accounts
the "Storehouse
year
244.
of
concerning dates suppliedto

of
king," in the city of Sippar.
[No. 92,751.]
Cyrus.
Tablet of accounts
D
the
the
men
work-
concerning
cityof Sippar.
Second
for the "Crent
revenue
year
of
Cyrus.
[No. 92,752.]
\
i.
245.
phouee"
for the u0real

concerning revenue
in the cityof Sippar. Second peer of Gyrus.
Table!
of accounts
[No. 92,778.]
188
No.
of
shekels
four
manehs
in part payment
Ardia
ANTIQUITIES.
receipt of
the
recording
Deed
259.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
one-third
and
two
from
by Itti-Marduk-balatu
of
Sixth year
debt.
Cyrus.
Apia
silver
of
and
[No. 31,178.]
No.
dates
concerning
of accounts
Tablet
260.
and
[No. 92,743.]
Sixth year of Cyrus.

No.
year of
Xo.
for
woven
other deities.
and
Ai, Anunitum
Shamash,
of
service
in the
relatingto garments
of accounts
Tablet
261.
seed.
sesame
use
Sixth
[No. 92,787.]
Cyrus.
to
recording a loan of silver by Iddina-Marduk
of
in
Sixth year
Dated
the city of Shakhrin.
Cyrus.
30,588.]
[No.
Deed
262.
Belishunu.
List of robes, etc.,employed in the service of Shamash,

were
Shala, and other deities,which
Ai, Bunene, Gula, Ramman,
of
Sixth year
given into the charge of Shamash-shum-iddina.
No.
263.
[No. 92,768.]
Cyrus.
recording the transfer of an

and slaves by Nabu-apla-iddina to his father
Seventh
year of Cyrus.
No.
No.
estate
Deed
264.
recording
Deed
265.
of
loan
No.
the
"
Storehouse
Great
"
recordingthe receiptof
Deed
267.
Rimut-Bel
Itti-Marduk-balatu from
Seventh
debt
No.
year
security of
of
male
.slave.
Cvms.
at
of
one
twenty
Dated
in
of
maneh
per
cent,
269
and
"Ls of silver
interest,on
270.
by
the
Two
year
of
[No.80,968.]
copies of
deed
recordinga
to Nalm-ikisha
Ina-Esagil-ramat
securitv
Babylon. Eighthyear
silver by Ittiinterest,on the
Seventh
Babylon.
"
-.
by
of
[No. 32,862.]
Cyrus.
Knnut-Nana,
to
of silver
manehs
two
Btl-iddina,in payment
and
recording a loan
Deed
268.
Marduk-balatu
in
concerning the distribution of grain

in the city of Sippar. Seventh
year
[No. 92,785.]
of accounts
Tablet
266.
No.
Cent
of
[No. 30,903.]
Cyrus.
shekels
ten
of Cyrus.
of
house
the securityof a
by Itti-Marduk-balatu to Ikisha-apla on
in Babylon.
Seventh
slave and her daughter. Dated
year
silver
female
from
Shamash-apla-usur.
[No. 30,007.]
maneh
one
and
of
""f
house
Oyrtu.
female
ami
loan
at
of
eight
twenty
slave.
per
Dated
[Nos. 30,906, 31,310.]
copies of a deed recording a debt of two

It ti-Mardukmanehs
to
of silver, due
Shamash-apla-iisur from
the
Held
of
near
of the price
a
gate of the old
DftMtu,the remainder
Nos.
271
and
4'ulliali canal.
272.
haled
Two
in Uabvlon.
Big111li
year
of " 'vrns.
[Nos. 80,887,30,983.]
TO
GUIDE
Nos.
half
and
273
maneh
BABYLONIAN
THE
Two
274.
AND
copiesof
ASSYRIAN
189
ROOM.
deed
recording a payment of
by ltti-Marduk-balaû to Shamash-pir'a-usur,
of silver
as
part of the priceof a field near
in Babylon.
Dated
Eighth year
the gate of the old Cuthah

of
canal.
Cyrus.
[Nos. 30,532, 30,625.]

No.
275.
Deed
recording
Ina-Esagil-ramat
Dated in Babylon.
No.
276.
ina-Bel-asbat
taught
of
Nabu-ikisha
to
at
of
Eighth year
of
shekels
two
twenty
by his
of
Cyrus.
Eighth year
stonecutter.
by
interest.
[No. 30,883.]
Itti-Marduk-bala(u
master
silver
cent,
per
recording the apprenticeshipof the
Deed
the trade
loan
Guzu-
Kudda
to
of
slave
to
be
Cyrus.
[No. 30,976.]
No.
recording the
Deed
277.
from
Shamash-apla-usur
in Babylon. Ninth
Dated
No.
belit to
Deed
278.
held
field
a
Nos.
and
every
B.C.
529
No.
Ninth
An
the
of
of her claims
Cyrus.
of
reign of Cambyses,
transactions
king
of
Babylon
recording
Deed
of
loan
dates.
Accession
Cambyses.
No.
for
for
from
year
of
[No. 31,051.]
Tablet
280.
the
of
by Esagil-
in return
commercial, legal,
recorded
are
by
loan.
[No. 31,110.]
series of
important
on
[No. 30,934.]
surrender
year
monies
interest
521.
to B.C.
279.
certain
as
Cyrus.
in which
documents
year
of
year
in mortgage
279-305.
other
Itti-Marduk-balatu
recording the
of silver.
shekels
ten
receipt of
in
Sun-god
of accounts
Sippar.
relatiugto property
First year
of
of
the
Temple
Cambyses.
[No. 92,738.]
No.
Tablet
281.
the "Great
from
concerning the distribution

city of Sippar. First
of accounts
in the
Storehouse"
282.
apli from
to be
rent
year
of
[No. 92,731.]
Cambyses.
No.
of dates
recording the lease of a house by Nabu-nasirItti-Marduk-balatu for five shekels of silver a year, the
Deed
paid half-yearly. First
year
of
Cambyses.
[No. 30,650.]
No.
silver
First
No.
silver
at
283.
Deed
recordinga loan
by Iddina-Marduk
year of Cambyses.
284.
Deed
twenty
First year
four shekels
Dated
in
of
Babylon.
[No. 30,920.]
to
cent, interest
per
of Cambyses.
manehs
two
Shamash-kasir.
to
recording a
by Iddina-Marduk
of
loan
of twelve
Kidin-Marduk
on
the
and
and
securityof
half manehs
of
Nabu-mushetik-urri
all their
property.
[No. 31,179.]
190
BABYLONIAN
ASSYRIAN
AND
ANTIQUITIES.
Deed
of
recording the receiptof various amounts
for burning in braziers in the Temple of the Sunfragrant woods
[No. 92,757.]
god. Second year of Cambyses.
285.
No.
Deed
maneh
of silver by
No. 286.
recording a loan of one
interest.
cent,
Iddina-Marduk
to Belishunu
at twenty
Dated iu
per
of
Cambyses.
[No. 30,803.]
Babylon. Third year
'
No.
Deed
287.
recording the lease
of
Itti-Marduk-balatu
for
by Bel-uballitfrom
silver
of
the
year,
rent
be
to
from
for
and
seven
in the
"
distribution of dates
Sippar. Third year of
city of
[No. 92,766.]
Cambyses.
recording the gift of
Deed
289.
four
Marduk-shum-ibni
to
of
year
silver
cent,
dowry
his
of
recording
Deed
of
shekels
seven
The
Kunnai.
in
added
daughter
loan
of
two-thirds
Aramean
the
on
on
the
edge
Tabik-zeri
Third
securityof
the loan
of
of
and
of
the
the
of
female
of
name
tablet.
Deed
recording
293.
slave
and
named
the
slave
Fourth
year
of
loan
dates.
Fourth
year
deed
year
of
recording the sale

Cambyses.
of
house.
Kalba
of
to
of
[No. 31,269.]
Deed
295.
It t i \ I.-1 1 " 1i t U
-
of
[No. 33,922.]
Cambyses.
No.
are
Dated
Deed recording the sale of a female .slave by Inniba

294"
live
shekels
maut'lis
of silver. Fifth
for two
vcar
\".
1. :1 1.-1 1 11
recording tho sale of

for three maneha
two
of
slaves
diver.
by Tabannu
Fifth
vein-
to
of
[No. 33,918.]
Camh;.
296.
date* from
Fifth
maneh
[No. 30,693.]
Part of
Borsippa. Fourth
No.
[No. 33,091.]
292.
No.
per
Cambyses.
[No. 30,989.]
Cambyses.
in
twenty
of
of
year
Cambyses.
No.
maneh
at
of two-thirds
loan
recording a
silver
amount
Amat-Nana.
[No. 92,795.]
by Itti-Marduk-balatu to the son of

interest on the securityof his house.
No. 291.
of silver and
Cambyses.
Deed
No. 290.
the
as
manehs
ten
furniture by Itti-Marduk-balatu
household
and
slaves
female
Third
years
concerningthe
Tablet of accounts
288.
Great Storehouse"
the
No.
three
half shekels
paid half-yearly. Third year of

[No. 30,482.]
Cambyses.
No.
house
year
TaUi't
the
of
accounts
"gtorphooee
of I "am by sea.'
concerning
,,|" the
king"
in
tho
Hie
distribution
city of
of
Sippar.
[No*.
92,774.]
No.
silver
GUIDE
TO
297.
Deed
by
services
slave,whose
female
No.
by
Dated
in
place of
in
given
interest
on
[No. 30,279.]
Cambyses.
of
loan
191
ROOM.
of
one-third manehs
the securityof a
on
wife
his
to be
of
two-thirds
maneh
Esagil-shadunu
twenty
of Cambyses.
Itti-Marduk-balatu to
interest.
and
one
and
are
recording
Deed
298.
silver
of
Sixth year
the money.
Ikisha
to
of
loan
recording'a
Ilani-iddinu
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
at
per
of
cent,
Sixth year
Babylon.
[No. 31,008.]
No.
recording the
Deed
299.
Marduk-bafatu and Nadinu

Sixth year of Cambyses.
No.
city of Cuthah.
No.
for
two-thirds
him.
Deed
302.
Marduk-balatn
year
of
No.
his
Dated
wife.
of
Belit-Ka'ishati
maneh
the
of
of
year
recording
barter
recordiug
of
of silver by
the city of Shakhrin.
of
loau
certain
in
Eight
of
year
Babylon. Seventh
[No. 41,425.]
who
of
of silver
Deed
Deed
No. 308.
within
Dated
in
[No. 31,029.]
recording
by
the
sale
Cambyses.
recording
interest.
307.
deed
to
of
dated
recording a
First year
in
the
throne
loan
Nabu-shum-usur
Accession
of
house
in
[No. 32,198.]
Babylonian
Deed
30G.
Tablets
the
to Nabu-binanni.
debt
of
Reign
usurped
per cent,
No.
Part
306-308.
shekels
shekels
[No. 92,756.]
305.
No.
twelve
Nabu-nasir.
Cambyses.
Cambyses.
Nos.
by Itti-
of grain and
dates
recording payments
the royal storehouse.
others from
Eighth year
officials and
Babylon.
lands
Deed
No. 304.
No.
had
she
[No. 30,987.]
grain and
and
to Iddinunu
Daian-bel-usur
which
silver
Dated
Itti-Marduk-
to
Cambyses.
Munakhtu-Marduk.
Deed
Babylon.
recording the sale of a house in the

[No. 92,991.]
year of Cambyses.
Cambyses.
303.
iu
by Itti-
[No. 33,973.]
Seventh
and
lands
deed
Seventh
deposited with
No.
and
Receipt given by
301.
balatu
of
Part
300.
of certain
barter
year
loan
B.C.
of
to
reign
half
maneh
Nabu-nadin-akhi
of Barzia
of Smerdis,
521.
and
at
eight
twenty
(Smer.lis).
[No. 34,536.]
of dates
of Barzia
(Smerdis). [No. 30,534.]
recording an undertaking for the repayment

First year of Barzia (Smerdis).
given time.
of
[No. 92,729.]
192
BABYLONIAN
Nos.
which
documents
Darius
the
No.
of
recording
Deed
ANTIQUITIES.
of the
commercial, legal,and
inscribed
were
king
Great,
309.
selection
309-331.
other
ASSYRIAN
AND
during
Babylon
from
the
of certain
Marduk-nasir-aplufor nine and
sale
B.C.
half manehs
of
the
reign
521
to
land
by Kalba,
silver.
ot
485.
B.u.
to
First year
'
of Darius.
No.
[No. 33,095.]
recording the
Deed
310.
Bel-akhe-erba, Ikisha-Marduk
maneh
and ten
and
of silver.
shekels
of
sale
house
Babylon by
near
Iddina-Nabu
Bel-etir to
Second year
for
one
of Darius.
[No. 92,796.]
No.

Marduk-nasir-aplu and
Deed
311.
between
Babylon
of
certain property
his
brethren,
near
and
his
"
Third
uncle.
No.
of Darius.
year
Deed
312.
recording
Marduk-rimanni.
[No. 30,365.]
loan
the edge
On
of the borrower's
of silver
characters
in Aramean
Third
name.
by Nidintum-Bel
year
is
to
viation
abbre-
an
of Darius.
[No. 92,734.]
No.
a
Part
313.
of
date-plantation
near
deed
recordingthe
Babylon. Fourth
of certain
sale
year
land
with
of Darius.
[No. 32,895.]
No.
recording the sale of certain
Deed
314.
plantationby
Inba
to
Kalba
for
manehs
two
and
of Darius.
Fifth year
silver.
with
land
date-
shekel
one
of
[No. 32,899.]
recording the sale of certain land with a dateplantation near

Babylon, by Nabu-etfr to Marduk-nasir-aplu
Seventh
Darius.
of
[No. 30,685.]
year
No.
315.
Deed
No.
316.
Deed
sixths of
recording the sale

of silver. Eighth
maneh
of
year
house
for three and five-
of Darius.
[No. 31,298.]
No.
Deed
recording a loan of two-thirds of a

the securityof a female slave.
Ninth year of
317.
silver,on
maneh
of
Darius.
[No. 92,995.]
No,
31K.
Deed
recording the
Sukaiti,the son
and
naîr-apli,
lalatn.
No.
Truth
319.
year
barter
of certain lands
and
daughter
of Darius.
of
by Iddina-Bcl
pl;mt;iti(.!i.
two
manehs
S'o. :;-jo.
of silver.
Deed
Bhakhrina for
Ii\
"
Twelfth
Marduk-
Itti-Marduk-
[No. 31,521.]
recording the sale of certain laud

to Marduk-nasir-aplifor half
Deed
by
year
of
Darius.

manehl Of silver. Twelfth year
with
a
talent
dateand
[No. 32,872.]
in the
of
city
of
Darius.
[No. 32,910.]
GUIDE
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
ASSYRIAN
193
ROOM.
Deed
No. 321.
recording the sale of a house in the city of
and
to MardukInbft his mother
Shakhrinu
by Nabu-bel-kalamu
[No. 30,G90.]
nasir-apli.Twelfth year of Darius.
Deed recording-the sale of certain house-property in
to
Nabii-akhe-bullit.
Thirteenth
Borsippa,by Nabu-akhe-iddina
No.
322.
No.
the
[No. 33,924.]
of Darius.
year
of
sons
year
the division
recording'
Deed
323.
certain property amongBabylon. Fourteenth
of
Itti-Marduk-balaû. Dated
in
Darius.
of
[Xo. 30,337.]
Deed
No. 324.
to Kirecording the security given by Dumuk
for the rent of his house.
of the
Shamash
A note
of the contents
in Aramean
is added
tablet
the edge. Seventeenth
on
year of
Darius.
[Xo. 92,722.]
No. 325.
two
shekels
added
hi
Receipt given by Shum-ukin

of silver.
of
note
the
Eighteenth year
Aramean.
for six manehs

of
contents
Darius.
of
No. 327.
Deed recordingthe sale of

of Darius.
No. 328.
Deed
recording
ninth year of Darius.
Deed
No. 329.
of
Darius.
year
No. 330.
sale
forty-
tablet is
the
[No.92,733.]
Deed
No. 326.
recording the sale of a male
and two-thirds
iddina to Iddina-Nabu
for one
of
Twentieth
of
Darius.
year
fifth year
and
slave
a
by Shumof silver.
maneh
[Xo. 92,797.]
date-plantation.
Twenty[Xo. 40,471.]
of
certain
lands.
Twenty-
[Xo. 92,798.]
recording a sale of certain
lands.
Thirty-third
[Xo. 92,799.]
Deed
recording the sale
of
house.
Thirty-thirdyear
of Darius.
[Xo. 92,717.]
No. 331.
Deed
recording the lettingof
thirteen shekels of silver.
Thirty-sixthyear
house
at
rent
of
of Darius.
[No. 33,96C]
No.
their
year
332.
Deed
of
partnership between
jointcapitalamounted
of Xerxes,
king
of
to
three
from
Babylon
Bel-e(ir and
manehs
of
485
b.c.
silver.
to B.C.
Ribfita;
Second
465.
[Xo. 92,748.]
Nos.
xerxes,
No.
Cuthah.
333-335.
king
333.
of
Tablets
Babylon from
Deed
Reign
dated
of
No. 334.
Deed
the city of Cuthah.
during
B.C.
465
recording the sale
of
to B.C.
a
Artaxerxes.
of
"year
house
reign of
Arta-
424.
in the
city of
[No. 92,715.]
recording the sale

Sixth
the
of certain house
Artaxerxes.
property in
[No. 92,716/]
o
194
BABYLONIAN
No.
the
Deed
335.
recording
cityof Cuthah.
No. 336.
Deed
store-house
Philip
No.
of
the
ANTIQUITIES.
sale
Thirtieth year
of
recording-a loan of
temple of Nabu
dat^s
at
grain.
property in
[No. 92,714.]
Nabu-nasir
to
Borsippa.
320.
from
Third
year
the
of
[No. 47,311.]
Receipt given by Nabu-belshunu
337.
house
certain
of Artaxerxes.
the
III., b.c.
certain
ASSYRIAN
AND
Sixth year
of
Alexander
and
IV.,
Marduk-erba
b.c.
for
317.
[No. 40,463.]
No.
338.
revenues.
recording the mortgaging of

Sixty-eighthyear of the Seleucid
Era,
Deed
certain
temple-
244.
b.c.
[No. 93,002.]
No.
revenues
in the
Era,
284.
b.c.
No. 3 10.
Deed
recording a loan
Deed
341.
certain
of
temple-
the Seleucid
[No. 93,003.]
of silver.
Reign of Antiochus
[No. 41,454.]
223-187.
III.,b.c.
NO.
recording the mortgaging of

cityof Erech.
Seventy-eighthyear
Deed
339.
temples in the
recording the sale of certain

Reign of Demetrius
from
revenues
cityof Erech.
I.,b.c
the
162-150.
[No. 93,004.]
V".
342.
Tablets
recording the receipt of
dates.
Two
hundred
and
ninth
vear
(ofthe
various
Seleucid
amounts
Era),
b.c
of
103.
[No. 33,017.]
No.
recording the receipt of various amounts

and fifty-fourth
One hundred
year of the ArsacidEra,
hundred
and eighteenth year of the Seleucid Era, b.c
343.
silver.
the two
Tablet
of
and
9 I.
[No. 33,009.]
Table-Case
exhibited
H.
most
portion of this
upper
important collection of historical
In
the
record tin- historyof

(525. These documents
arc
etc., which
cylinders,
to about
705
B.C.
unique specimens of
their class.
case
are
Assyrian
Assyria from B.C.
In the lower
in every
respect
portionof
the
ties of gold ornaments,

necklaces,beads, ami a
small
of
found
miscellaneous collection
objects which were
the
undertaken
Trustees
of
the
fox
the
excavations
during
British .Museum
in Assyria ami
Babyloniaduring "he lust
are
b"
fifty-five
\ """
v,
i.
firstthree
I-...
.
k'ni^,
can
Baked elaf oylisdera

Inscribed with an account
of the
of Sennacherib,
kingof Assyria,from about
The text reoords the defeat of bierodach-Baladan.
of the Kassites,
the Medea, and
Ion; the subjugation
Plate
oderd
inscriU'd with
an
I
Sennacherib,
from
irrk,
b,c.
705 to B.C. 681,
liis Invasion ""i Palestineand the

1 it tekiah,
kingtif Judah,iiiJerusalem!
"I
account
and Assyria!
I
[Babylonian
1
91,032.]
XXXII.
besieginj
(Seepage 195.)
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
GUIDE
ASSYRIAN
AND
195
ROOM.
frontier of Assyria; the invasion

of tribute
Palestine,the siege of Jerusalem, and the payment
of
Judah.
Assyria by Ilezekiah,kingnations
other
the
on
of
Eastern
to
[Xos. 22,500,22,501, 22,503, 22,504.]

No.
about
and
campaigns of Sennacherib,
second
first and
against
Kassites, the
the
Medes,
of
other
nations
concludes with
text
frontier of Assyria.
eastern
of
Sennacherib's
building operations at Nineveh.
of Mitunu, about
dated
in the Eponymy
cylindersare
The
in the
No.
Nabu-li'u,about
of
Eponymy
baked
clay
of Sennacherib,
eight campaigns
of
b.c.
705
The
081.
to
text
Baladan, king
of the Kassites, the Medes,
and
the
other
above
700,
b.c.
and
account
an
of
about
Merodach-
city,the subjugation
nations
Assyria, the invasion of Palestine and

the
deposition of Merodach-Baladan
Jerusalem;
frontier
description
The
Assyria, from
defeat
of his
sack
the
of
king
the
on
[No. 22,502.]
702.
records
Babylon, and the
of
cylinderinscribed with
Six-sided
6.
b.c.
the
Assyria,from
king of Babylon,
king
and
of
account
an
against Merodach-Baladan,
705-681,
B.C.
with
clay cylinderinscribed
Baked
5.
of
the eastern
the siege of
of
in favour
on
Sennacherib ; the conquest of the

Sennafrontier of Assyria ; cherib's
the
north-west
mountain
tribes on
of the Persian Gulf in
the head
naval expedition across
the
Ashur-nadin-shum,
pursuit of
the
of
son
rebels ; the
Babylonian
restoration
of
territoryin
subjugation
subsequent defeat and final

with the
text concludes
and the Babylonians. The
of the Elamites
of the new
palace which Sennacherib built at Nineveh.
description
the siege of Jerusalem
by Sennacherib
According to this inscription
received
the submission
took place in his third campaign. Having
and
and Palestine,
of the kings of Phoenicia
having defeated the
marched
he
at
Hezekiah,
king of
Altaku,
against
Egyptians
of the
The
Judah.
following is the Assyrian official account
and
I slew
I drew
the
nigh to Ekron
capture of Jerusalem :
I
and
had
and
transgressed,
hung upon
princeswho
governors
bodies
dead
the
their
about
the
round
people of the
city
;
poles
"
city who had done wickedly and had committed offences I counted
had not done these things and who were
but those who
as
spoil,
"
taken
in iniquity I pardoned. I brought their king Fadi
not
Elain
to
Assyria ;
and
the
"
"
"
"
'"
"
"
forth
dominion
them,
over
"y w
D.P. Kha
za
and
him
I laid tribute upon
the
throne
I then
of
besieged
D.P.
upon
him.
*n"
ki
I stablished
and
Jerusalem
from
Hezekiah
had
yoke, and I captured forty-sixof

my
small cities which
fortresses and innumerable
"
who
"
his strong cities and

round
about them, with
were
"
"
of
not
submitted
engines,and
to
batteringof rams
the attack of foot soldiers,
and
the
and
the assault
by mines
o
and
2
19(5
u
the
in
breaches
(made
"
hundred
thousand
and
"
and
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
and
walls). I brought out therefrom

and fiftypeople,both
hundred
one
Ur
D.P.
sa
li
im
caged bird, I shut
ali
mu
sharru
his
Jerusalem
I threw
"
"
mounds
up
who
man
took
from
Padi, king of
from
him
and
his land.
I added
reduced
to
the giftswhich
increased
they
majesty
of my
sovereignty overwhelmed
unto
of Jerusalem
his
me
submission
with
ti -shu
royalcity.
upon
vengeance
I
cities which
The
me.
any
had
fear
of
the
Hezekiah, and the Urbi

brought into his royal city
he
trusty warriors, whom
And
to protect it, deserted.
his messenger
to my
royal city Nineveh
and
**
"
paid
had
"
within
up
Mitinti,king of Ashdod,
I
Silli-Bel,king of Gaza, and
their former
yearly tribute,and
and
Ekron,
and
small
to
gave
"
I took
city. His
his
41
"
and
againsthim,
forth
came
captured 1
"
two
and
female, and horses, and mules, and asses,
great, male
and
innumerable
as
camels, and oxen,
sheep I counted
spoil. (Hezekiah) himself, like
"
ANTIQUITIES.
thirty talents
of
to
after
despatched
he
tribute
pay
44
make
"
talents of silver,precious stones, eye-paint,

and thrones, hides and tusks, precious woods, and
gold, eight
.
and
to
hundred
ivory couches
objects,
of
heavy treasure, together with his daughters, and the women
M
his palace,and male and female musicians."
This
of Bel-imurani, about
cylinder is dated in the eponymy
Plate
G91.
b.c.
XXXII.)
(See
[No. 91,032.]
*'
*'
divers
No.
with
081
about
baked
clay six-sided cylinder,inscribed
of Esarhaddon,
the annals
to
of
Portion
7.
008.
The
Sidon
; the
text
describes
subjugation
king of Assyria,from
the
of
conquest
the
of
nations
the
on
about
B.C.
round
country
north-west
the
of
of tribute
quest
Assyria; the payment
by Arabia; the conEsarhaddon's
and
the building of
palaee at
Media;
Nineveh.
[No. 91,029.]
frontier of
of a baked
clay six-sided cylinder,inscribed
of Ssai haddon, king of Assyria, from about
the
H.o.
the
o
f
r,H i to iw'.k.
After referringto the special
gods
protection
enjoyed by Ksarbaddon,the texl describes his protectorate over
tries
Babylon; the expeditionagainst Sidon; the conquest of the counthe
north-west
of
restoration
frontier
of
Assyria; the
on
No. 8.
with
Portion
annals
and
tO Babylonia:
territory
end
Arabia.
buildingof
cylinderis dated
subjugation of the tribes of Media
inscriptionconcludes
The
a
the
new
palaceby
in the eponynrj
with
an
Bsarhaddon
at
about
of Aiar-ilu,
account
Nineveh.
r.o, 678.
of
the
This
[No. 91,030.]
Plate
claycyliml
d with the annalsd

from b." "i.siin ii.c.
.
and As.
[Babylonian
XXXIII.
Etaihaddon,
kingoi Auyria,
(,i,s.
9I1O2"]
197.)
GUIDE
--
Xo.
of
clay cylinder,inscribed with a summary

B.C.
Esarhaddon, king- of Assyria, about
The
text
building-operations at Nineveh.
capture of Sidon, and the Assyrian occupation
of
conquests
G81-6G8, and of his

the siege and
records
of
lands
the
the
the
the tribes in the marshes
of
submission
(See
building of a
Plate
XXIII.)
No.
Black
10.
walls
and
about
B.C.
incurred
the
Babylonia ;
with
and
account
an
Nineveh.
the
in
the archaic
Babylon, by Esarhaddon,
of
of
records
text
with
people
rains and
had
he
had
floods ;
carried
wei'e
pity
called
former
to the
king, had
city and
the gods forsook
quently,
captive. SubseBabylonians, and
away
the
on
the
the
laid waste
who
Merodach,
of
king
Assyria,
Babylonians,by an
the
that
during the reigu of
Merodach
however,
Bazu
restoration
inhabitants
shrines, and
of
inscribed
account
an
The
wrath
the
Babylon of
reception of
of the
with
of
G81-G68.
destroyed the
their
memorial-stone
sacrilegecommitted
act of
to
[No. 91,028.]
basalt
temples
Southern
of
mountainous
the
land
concludes
inscription
Esarhaddon
at
palace by
new
character
Babylonian
the
The
conquest of Media.
of the
of
restoration
Assyria ; the
king of Bit-dakkurri
the conquest of the
of
territories from
tribute of Arabia
the
about, the conquest
round
country
to the north-west
certain
197
ROOM.
baked
Six-sided
9.
the
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
of
throne
Assyria,
Assyrian king straightway collected
materials
and rebuilt the temple E-sagil,and the two
and workmen
of the gods
the shrines
great walls of the city ; he also furnished
the
sented
with new
back
from
and
led
captivity. Preimages
people
[No. 91,027.]
by the Earl of Aberdeen, 1860.
ordered
to
Esarhaddon,
rebuild
whom
The
Babylon.
in the
Babylonian
cylinder inscribed
and
the
character
with a dedication to the goddess lshtar,
genealogy
about B.C. 681-G68.
and titles of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria,from
[No. 45,793.]
No.
No.
Baked
11.
12.
cylinder
Ten-sided
about
Assyria,
principalevents
reference
clay
n.c.
668-G2G,
of the
to his birth
early
and
Assyria after his accession

narrative of the lirst and
of
Ashur-bani-pal,
inscribed
years
with
of his
an
account
reign.
After
king
of
a
of
the
brief
prosperityof
to the throne, the
text
gives a detailed
second
to
expeditions Egypt, the defeat of
education, and
to
the great
Tirhakah, the sack of Thebes, and the conquest of the country ;

the capture of Tyre, followed
by the embassy of Gyges, king of
king of Elam ; the
against Te-umman,
Lydia ; the campaign
Shamash-shum-ukin,
king of Babylon,
and capture of Babylon, Borsippa,Cuthah, and
and
the
defeat of his allies;the first and second wars
Sippar,
against
Ummanaldas, king of Elam, the conquest of Arabia ; and the final
treachery and revolt

followed
by the siege
of
triumph of the Assyrians over
Elam.
The
text
concludes
with
an
198
BABYLONIAN
AND
ASSYRIAN
ANTIQUITIES.
of
Ashur-bani-pal'sbuilding-operations. This cylinder

the ruins of Ashur-bani-pal's
palace at Nineveh.
among
(See Plate XXXIV.)
[No. 91,026.]
account
found
was
Nos.
with
13-16.
accounts
pal, king
the
A group
of small baked
clay
of the buildingoperationscarried
cylindersinscribed
on
by Ashur-bani-
of
Assyria,at Babylon and Sippar,and

militaryexpeditionsof this king.
records
of
of
some
[Nos.86,918, 90,935, 91,107, 91,115.]

No.
17-21.
inscribed
Groups
with
of
fragments of large baked clay cylinders

militaryexpeditionsof Ashur-bani-
chronicle of the
pal,king of Assyria,
No. 22.
Model
of
Assyria,spearing a
No.
23.
[Nos. 91,086, 93,007-93,0 i0.]

bas-relief in
clay of Ashur-bani-pal,king of
[No. 93,011.]
lion.
Terra-cotta
barrel-cylinder
referringto the
of the temple of the Sun-god at Sippar [Sepharvaim] by
shum-ukin
[Saosduchinos],
king of Babylon B.C. 668.
restoration
Shamash-
[No. 91,1)2.]
Nos.
A miscellaneous
collection of
gold ear-rings,
fingerrings,coins, ghost-money," tongue-platesand masks for the dead,
beads, bangles,etc., of the Assyrian,Greek, Parthian,Roman, and
Sassanian periods,from Kouyunjik and Warka.
24-125.
"
No.
126.
No.
127-129.
etc., in
No.
of
king
of flint knives
Fragments
lapis-lazuli,
glass,and
130.
Nos.
A group
Blue
paste tube
of
from
for
eye-paint.
Fragments of a
Assyria, vessel of Sargon,
Stone
Nos.
Eyes
172-174.
celts and
with
V".
182.
[veryhead
No.
is.;.
Fragment of
i-i
i-7.
of
comb,
plaques,scorpion,
paste.
crystal throne
135-156.
\""s. 1 60-1 70.
and
bowls
blue
Nineveh.
of
Sennacherib,
etc.
fragmentsof
from
sockets
Sunicrian
bone with
flint Saws,
statues.
official.
in Pehlevi.
Inscription
Shells engraved with
Assyrian patterns and
devii
Nos. 189
i;
In iad
of
king of
Objectein ivory and bone:" Figureof a woman

head of a Hon (195) \ si
palm-tree(194))
n(199)j inlaid
mace
-li.
inscribed with the

'"");
name
and titlesof Shalmanesef
hair-pins(202 204); etO.
III..
No.
Nos.
No.
199
ROOM.
Mukeyyer.
of tools and
models
Earthenware
213-218.
Parthian
from
axe-head
Stone
212.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
GUIDE
from
weapons
tombs.
Nos.
and
220
of
model
Bronze
219.
offering.
an
inlaid silver bracelets
Sassanian
221.
making
man
Kou-
from
yunjik.
No.
dedicated
object with eight sides, which

offeringin the temple of the Sun-god in
Green-stone
222.
as
votive
end
cityof Sippar. One
is rounded
the
of the head
in the
made
and
other
of
is fixed
the
was
the
into
of
shape
ram,
inlaid with
ring. The eyes were
precious
that
it
it
states
to
dedicated
The
stones.
was
inscriptionupon
Shamash, the Sun-god, by Tukulti-Mer, king of Khana. The dale of
this king is unknown.
bronze
which
No.
socket
in
terminates
223.
Nos.
of
and
Silver coins
225.
and
Aegina, Tyre
of
No.
MusuL
226.
Bronze
No=
231.
Bronze
in relief ; it
Nos
233
beetle
was
smaller
They were
Egypt.
No.
of
Lycia, Samos, Cyprus, Athens,

objectswhich formed
Babylon.
portionsof silver
silversmith
Assyrianking.
an
mould
for
at
found
casting arrow-heads,
near
pendant with a figure of a Babylonian demon

probably buried with the dead.
and 234.
the
of
ivory figures
Sidon,and
the stock in trade
nose
Fragments
224
found
254-288.
Bronze
weighs
weights inlaid
5
oz.
at
Ximriid, whither
miscellaneous
in
gr. and
296
they were
collection
gold with figuresof a

larger8 oz. 263 gr,
probably taken fiom
the
of necklaces
made
of
chalcedony, carnelian, jasper,crystal, sard, garnet,

glass,
porcelain,
paste and stone beads, from various sites in Assyria
and Babylonia ; many
exhibit traces
of them
of Egyptian influence.
agate,
onyx,
Table-cases
and
J.
Here
important collection
and
are
exhibited:"
large
of
precious stones cut into

very
seals and
of
finger-ring's,
rectangular plaques, etc., many
which
date from the Sassanian
period* and are inscribed in
the Pehlevi character,and a number
of bezels of rings,the
which
were
designs on
copied during the centuries im*
and
The
the
first of the
last
was
Sassanian
kings was Ardashir, who began

began to reignA.D. 632.
Yazdegerd,who
to
reign A.D.
226,
200
BABYLONIAN
ASSYRIAN
AND
ANTIQUITIES.
mediately following the Arabic conquest by seal engravers

and Persia (Nos. 1-775). II. A collection
livingin Armenia
in Egypt
of scarabs, scaraboids, and
and
plaques made
Syria, but found chieflyin Mesopotamia (Nos. 776-883).
inscribed with religious
III. A series of fine chalcedony cones
and belonging to the Assyrian,Parthian,
and other scenes,
and Sassanian
periods(Nos. 884-1018). IV. A few modern
imitations
of the
teresti
insame
(Nos. 1030-1034). V. Some
haematite
character
seals
B.C.
Asia.
The
so-called
Hittite
(Nos. 1025, 1027-1029). All the above, with
exceptionof the modern

1350
in the
inscribed
imitations,
were
made
between
found
A.D.
1300, and they were
rings and other objects in Pehlevi
part made
very
favourite
about
in Western
and
most
the
for
are
the
of agate, chalcedony,sard, sardonyx, onyx,

carnelian,jasper,garnet, haematite and niccolo,these being
stones
Pehlevi
peoples.
The
which
thought
is
alphabet,which
to
Persians
the
among
inscriptions
are
have
been
and
written
derived
from
cognate
in
a
script
Semitic-
probably Syriac. The objectsportrayed

these gems
lions, bulls, winged horses, slags, apes,
on
are
goats, birds, reptilessuch as scorpions and snakes, palmof mystic
branches, hands
holding flowers, and a number
derived
from
of which
to liavo been
seem
symbols, many
number
the
and
bezels
A large
of
are
foreignsources.
rings
with
and
of
the
noblemen
heads
engraved
royal personages,
the like,and the finest of them are accompanied by proper
was
names.
terestin
inexhibited some
examples of hymns written in the Snmerian and
of tablets relating to
Babylonian languages, a number
On
the
west
side of Table-case
ceremonies,omens
religions
and
I.
are
forecasts, selections
from
Beries of tablets inscribed with mathematical

and
calculations,
The astronomical
astronomical and tabulated observations.
enabled
of considerable
tablets arc
interest, for they have
lunar
extent
the
and
recent, investigators to ascertain to what
scientific
stellar tables of the Babylonianshave
accuracy.
the
The
astronomical
priestsof
knowledge possessed by
enabled
them
of Babylonianhistory
the later periods
to
to
but
the
form
a
calendar,
comparatively accurate
ehiellv
been
earliest tunes
it seems
to have
appliedto
"mens
deducingastrological
and
forecasts.
The
tained
year contwelve months, some
having twenty-nine and some
days, the difference between the lunar and solar years
thirty
being adjusted by
the insertioD of
months"
intercalary
GUIDE
TO
BABYLONIAN
THE
second
Elul and
second
Adar
ASSYRIAN
The
Adar.
second
AND
Assyriansmade
only. The Babylonians

earlyperiod,and accordingto one
very
tradition
extended
possess calculations which
hundred
and twenty thousand
years !
in this Case
and
belong
to the
Arsacida;,* and
themselves
over
they were
period of
said
seven
tablets exhibited
The
the
devoted
astronomers
and
observing and calculatingthe time of new
solar
the periodical occurrence
of lunar
and
in tabulating the positionsof the planets and
to
full moon,
and
eclipses,
of the fixed stars.
some
Nos. 1 and
Sumerian
Two
2.
copies of a hymn to the Sun-god, written in the

accompanied by a translation in Babylonian.
[Xos. 33,328, 36,041.]
language, and
and
No. 3. Part of a tablet containing prayers
ceremonies.
Presented
by the Proprietors of the
No.
and
Part of
4.
tablet
with
section
inscribed with
of
series of
It
larger work.
borsippa by Marduk-nasir, who

the
made
was
dedicated
which
omens
it as
from
a
No.
Tablet
6.
from
older tablet
an
No. 7.
Tablet
tlic seventh
older
No.
tablet in
"
with
in the
of
series of
of
a
larger work.
city of Borsippa.
inscribed
section
with
series of
larger work.
This
tablet
in
offeringin
[No. 92,690.]
which
omens
This
copy
was
formed
made
[No. 92,694.]
which
omens
copy
Borsippa.
made
was
formed
from
[No. 38,587.]
Tablet
8.
containing astrologicalforecasts derived from

Presented
stars, etc.
by the Proprietorsof
Daily Telegraph."
[No. 92,705.]
observations
the
inscribed
thirty-sixthsection
the
formed
votive
temple E-zida.
the
graph."
Daily Tele[No. 92,708.]
[No. 92,686.]
Tablet
\o. 5.
for
"
with
ceremonies.
fortieth
directions
in the Sumerian
prayers
directions for the performance
inscribed
Babylonian languages, and
of
an
period of the rule of the Seleucidse
this time
at
of
use
star-gazers from
were
to
201
ROOM.
No.
of various
Part
9.
of
an
astrologicaltext
Babylonian languages, which

series.
Presented
formed
by the Proprietors
in the
Sumerian
and
the twenty-second tablet of

of the " Daily Telegraph."
[No. 92,704.]
No.
Part
10.
by
*
the
The
of
(ablet
forecasts.
sented
Precontainingastrological
"Daily Telegraph." [No. 92,685.]
Proprietorsof the
Seleucid
era
began
B.C.
312, and
the Arsacid
era
B.C.
248.
202
BABYLONIAN
Xo.
Part
11.
Presented
No.
Tablet
13.
the
tablet
eclipsesof the
from
No.
of
sun
unlucky days
No.
This
the
moon.
list of
the
inscribed
with
obtained
amounts
table
multiplication
was
by
the
of
names
Xo.
and
Tablet
17.
cubes,
No.
by
temple E-zida
Babylon.
[No. 42,262.]
at
in which
calendar
in
No.
of
son
No.
No.
New
[Xo. 92,680.]
lists of numbers, and
their squares
New
Moon
103,
b.c.
the
containingobservations
tablet
to
for
three
18th
i.e.,from
years,
This
tablet was
consecutive
April, B.C.
lations
calcu-
and
100.
[Xo. 34,580.]
cityof Sippar.
of an astronomical
tablet containing observations
Full Moon
for one
year, compiled by Iddin-Bel,the
Bel-akhe-usur.
[Xo. 45,694.]
Part of
20.
and
22.
and
No. 24.
of the New
astronomical
Moon
an
and
Full
Part
of
Full
No. 23.
".f the New
an
Full
Part of
21.
the New
No.
from
list of numbers
and
of the New
of
by forty-five.
nomical
making astro[Xo. 92,703.]
Part
19.
the New
of
inscribed with
to
one
[Xo. 92,698.]
the
March,
from
multiplying them
probably employed
inscribed with
Astronomical
compiled in
lucky and
[Xo. 32,641.]
the
series of numbers
etc.
18.
of
23rd
tablet
with
stars
Xabii-iddina-akhi, and
sixty,and their squares.
to
one
Part of
16.
omens
[No. 92,701'.]
calculations.
Xo.
of
series
distinguished.
are
year
with
written
inscribed with
the
Tablet
15.
and
fifty,
of
and
inscribed with
Tablet
14.
"
inscribed
It was
explanatory remarks.
depositedas a votive offeringin
Xo.
ANTIQUITIES.
containing1astrologicalforecasts.
Daily Telegraph."
[Xo. 92,684.]
tablet
Proprietorsof
Part
12.
derived
of
the
by
ASSYRIAN
AND
for
one
astronomical
tablet
year.
tablet
Moon.
an
astronomical
containing observations
[No. 34,047.]
| No. 34,575.]
tablet with
and
and
an
astronomical
Full Moon
Part of
the
[No. 3.'),048.]
Moon.
Part ""f
of
observations
an
for
one
tablet containing observations
astronomical table!
Pull Moon
for
one
observations
containing
[ Xo. 34,066.]
year.
tablet insoribed
Astronomies!
Observations extending over
a
period of
from
i;,i.
171
i.e.,
to
r.."
B*o.
yearn,
No. 25.
| Xo. 3-1,088.]
year.
with
more
series
than twent
of
lunar
y-t liree
[No. i;".i;ss.|
GUIDE
No.
with
tablet
Astronomical
26.
ASSYRIAN
AND
BABYLONIAN
THE
TO
observations
of
and
232
of the years
B.C.
B.C.
of
and
the
current
prices
grain
concerning-
of
in the
water
No. 27.
Moon
Notes
the
No.
29.
B.C.
of
price
of governors
and
273
height
the
B.C.
272.
grain,dates, etc.,
of
cities,the
valence
pre-
[No. 92,688.]
sickness,etc.
tablet with
planetsVenus, Mercury,
No.
are
of
observations
with
years
current
king and
the
AstroDomical
28.
the
parts
concerning the
of
movements
tablet
the
of
for
Notes
[No. 33,837.]
astronomical
an
planets
added
are
of
of
of
and
Moon
dates, the
Euphrates, etc.
Part
and
the
231.
planets for parts

added
203
ROOM.
Astronomical
observations
Saturn, and
tablet
and
and
[No. 32,222.]
Mercury, Saturn,
planets Jupiter, Venus,
Moon
of the
Mars.
of
the
Mars.
[No. 92,682.]
No.
Part
30.
rules
for
book
for students
No.
of
Babylonian treatise
31.
Copy
of part of
HARRISON
b.c
AND
as
was
Babylonian treatise
reading-book
made
in
astronomy
on
for students
Borsippa by
in the
and
cityof
Bel-akhe-iddina
in
[No. 34,035.]
138.
SONS,
as
containing
a reading-
[No. 32,651.]
astronomy.
astrologywhich served
Borsippa. This copy
the year
astronomy
This tablet served
etc.
making calculations,
of
on
PRINTERS
IN
ORDINARY
TO
HER
MAJESTY,
ST.
MARTIN'S
LANE,
LONDON.
BABYLONIAN
AND
Inscriptions
Cuneiform
the
in
Monuments
ASSYRIAN
discovered
H.
Layard,
ETC.
from
Character,
A.
by
TEXTS,
Assyrian
D.C. L.
Fol.
1851.
1/. Is.
The
Cuneiform
Inscriptions
K.C.B., assisted
of
by George Smith, Department
British Museum.
Fol.
1870.
Inscriptions
Cuneiform
The
Western
pared
Asia, Vol. III. Prepublicationby Major-General Sir II. C. Rawlinson,
for
Edition.
Fol.
1891.
Antiquities,
11.
Western
of
of
Asia, Vol. IV.
Second
11.
Texts
Cuneiform
Babylonian
from
Tablets, "c, in the British
Museum.
Parts l.-V.,VII., VIII.,50 plates each ; Part VI.,
49
plates.-1896-99.
Photograph
Tiik
of
Tell
Babylonian
Tablets
el-Amarna
Plates.
Catalogue
1892.
8vo.
Cuneiform
of
7s. Gd. each
Foolscap,wrapper.
Tablet
(Sp.3, 2).
in
British
the
1895.
in
Kouvunjik
the
Vol. I., 8vo., 1889, 15s.

III., 8vo., 1894, 15s.; Vol.
GUIDE
to
1898.
Glide
to
8vo.
Gl
i!.i.
First
the
8vo.
II.,
IV., 8vo.,
Egyptian
Rooms.
25
plates.
Is.
I'ik.st
tiii;
Second
and
Egyptian
Rooms.
1898.
6rf.
TO
IJai'.vi.um an
i in:
plates.1900.
8vo.
HIMYARITIC
Is-'
Vol.
BOOKS.
Second
and
Col-
8vo., 1891, 15s.;

1896, 1/. ; Vol. V., 8vo., 1899, 1/. 3s.
Guide
type
Auto-
11.8s.
Tablets
Vol.
Is. 6d.
Museum.
By C. Bezold.
i.kction.
part.
KirnoNs
in
of
186:;.
i'lKi.Nni
nil.
INSCRIPTIONS.
\n
I 'n
\ i; \"
Carthageduring researches by
PoL
IT1B, discovered
Nathan
013
the
Davis, 1856-58.
i/. 5".
in-.
in Southern
31
Is.
PHCENICIAN
"
Collections.
Assyrian
and
EncTAurzc
Arubiu.
1863.
QflABai
PoL
ebb, discovered
1/. 4s.
chiefly

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A

figure of Ashur-bani-pal, king

Darius, king of Persia,

-"fl -tfcj -|f^

s^TTT^ Sff fcStS

-"f -^ -^fl -ITT* "-- "^TT

-"f ^ff f- -"f fc?TT^

-"f "/- ""l|| -*f ^Hff

-"rf -Hf- -^ **fl

y *cfe]^t; ^e^,; gfl

-i"TT "T3= s"TTT-^

^TT J- Hf- ~TT "

T -HF- 4AF- *!**

T HF- "T3= "T *" HF-

5*8 CT -HF- *"

T HF- 4ff *fe*

"T3= "T V" +

f "fr?=^| "/- "f

y "f- "^yy jg^

chronological order, e.g., the rulers

Akurgal, E-anII., but the

Erech, Larsa, and

represents the earliest

earlyempire; but the complex social

the country, but from

their reigns attest

of the country at this period.

gaining great influence in the country, and his

powerful kingdom on the Euphrates,and the

the country had reached

know from the Tell

history of the older nation is of secondary

abroad, and, besides

surrounding tribes,he carried

tribes, it momentarily disappears from

against the inhabitants of

by his son Ashur-nasir-pal,

greatly developed in his

king of Israel (B.C. 729),

besieged (B.C. 724),

(B.C. 727Egypt against

Sargon was also famous as a builder.

first years of the new

Babylonia,as usual, had

king who had been

Cylinder of Sennacherib, p. 195.

city of Babylon destroyed.

in the latter years

only quelled after

the Greeks, and is

repaired the works of his predecessors

other events, illustrate details of its construction.

Nineveh, still lies

hut also of templesof the gods.

the Great, when

sovereigns who reigned only a

Eventually clay became

later writing "-4-; and

clay while still

quadrangular form, varying

historyof the exploration

f.),but without much

58 CT -HF- "

T HF- 4ff fe