WCDMA Indoor Coverage

WCDMA Indoor Coverage
The one to one approach

Speakers name
WCDMA Product Management
Ericsson AB, Sweden
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
Commercial in confidence
WCDMA Indoor coverage
How can I re-use my 2G

In-Building Solution?
Do I need to build
more indoor system
for WCDMA than
in GSM?
Should I use a
separate frequency for
indoor systems?
What RBS type

is optimal ?
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
What is the most

cost-efficient solution?
Where are dedicated

indoor solutions
needed?
2005-02-24
What will HSDPA mean

for my indoor coverage?
Indoor coverage - parameters to consider

Distance to site
Building size
Site to site distance
Kind of building
Urban, suburban or
rural environment
Penetration loss
Indoor structure
Traffic profile
Existing in-building solution
Capacity need
Multi-standard
Service requirement
Multi-operator
Accessibility
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
WCDMA tools to address indoor coverage

GSM Handover
High output power options
Adding carriers
HSDPA introduction
Shorter site-to-site distance
Fill-in, street and micro cells
Dedicated in-building system
Drivers for dedicated in-building systems:

- Service grade, e.g. high bit rates
- High capacity demands
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
Business case:
- Revenue potential?
- Cost of solution?
WCDMA vs GSM 900
WCDMA UL
Link budget comparison for voice

Typical Urban 3 km/h
GSM 900 DL
18
WCDMA uplink should be compared

with GSM 900 downlink for co-located
sites.
18
3+0,5
5,9
3,1+0,7
11
125
5+3
6,7
3+2
104
122,3
122,3
15
18,5
41
Noise
rise
margin
Rayleigh
Body
fading
loss
margin
21
Interference
margin
Power
control
margin
Log
Feeder
Frequency
normal
and
fading
jumper
difference
margin
loss
TX
power
RX
Antenna
Max
sensitivity
path
gain
loss
Building
penetration
loss
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
(dB)
2005-02-24
In-building penetration test result

Commercial network with challenging indoor coverage
GSM 900
SS
(dBm)
-85
-90
-95
-100
-105
Signal
Bar
4
3
2
1
0
3G
Voice
Quality
OK
OK
OK
Marginal
Poor
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
RSCP
(dBm)
-95 to -100
-100 to -105
-105 to -110
-110 to -115
-115
2005-02-24
Ec/No
(dB)
-2 to -7
-3 to -10
-5 to -12
-6 to -19
-11 to -22
Signal Bar
3 to 4
2 to 3
1 to 2
1 to 2
1
Voice
Video Quality
Quality
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Can't set up
Cell borders all over
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
Power is important but dont forget the uplink!

DL 20W wASC
UL w ASC +21
DL 30W wASC
UL w ASC +24
UL+21 no ASC
55
50
45
Simultaneous users
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
Substantial part of the indoor

subscribers are likely to be
somewhere on the DL slope
5
0
122
123
124
125
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
126
127
128
2005-02-24
129
130
131
Path loss (dB)
132
133
134
135
136
Indoor coverage from outside

Simulation approach R99 and HSDPA (5 codes + 16QAM)
What indoor coverage
is expected from
macro outdoor?
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
Parameters:
- Building size
- Floor level
- Site to site distance
- Distance to site
- Load in neighbouring cells
2005-02-24
Building size:
- 8 floors, 120 x 60 m
- 8 floors, 45 x 45 m
Indoor coverage probability from outside

Uplink video call, 21 dBm
Buildings:
120x60 m and 45x45 m
Site to site
distance:
1,5 km
64%
<50%
97%
Site to site
distance:
800 m
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
82%
2005-02-24
10

R99 and HSDPA (P4)
Site to site: 800 m
Building: 45x45 m
HSDPA
Release 99
99%
95%
Downlink
Pr { >64 kbps }
Pr { >384 kbps }
97%
88%
Uplink
Pr { 64 kbps }
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
Pr { 384 kbps }
11

HSDPA (5 codes+16QAM)
Site to site: 800m
Pr { DL>1 Mbps/sub }
Low load
Pr { DL>384 kbps/sub }
Low load
99,5%
83%
45x45m
92%
69%
60x120m
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
12

HSDPA (5 codes+16QAM)
Site to site: 800m
High load
Low load
99,5%
93%
45x45m
92%
85%
60x120m
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
13
Indoor coverage priority guidelines

1) Deploy WCDMA in a one to one relation with GSM
- indoor coverage mainly provided by the macro/micro layer
- re-use existing GSM in-building solutions
2) Install new sites near target area
3) Install a new dedicated in-building solution
- select RBS based on cost, size and capacity requirements
= 20W/ 30W
= Fill-in cells
= In-buliding solution
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
14
Additional macro cells to improve coverage

Areas with insufficient Coverage
Add 5 Macro Sites
CS 97.4 %
PS 97.2 %
CS 95.3 %
PS 94.7 %
Site to site distance is less than 800 m in 90% of dense urban areas
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
15
Dedicated In-Building Solutions
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
16
Same building, different need

Low interference from macro network
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
17
Same building, different need

High interference from macro network
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
18
Indoor with one cell solution re-use frequency

- Strive to create dominant pilot coverage for the indoor cell
- Re-use 2G DAS with one to one relation, if feasible
UMTS f1
GSM-Preferred
UMTS f1
GSM-Preferred
GSM
UMTS f1
GSM-Preferred
GSM
GSM
GSM
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
19
Indoor with two cell solution re-use frequency

- Some buildings need more sectors to create pilot dominance
- Some 2G DAS are designed so WCDMA sectorisation is needed
UMTS f1, cell 2

GSM-Preferred
UMTS f1
GSM-Preferred
UMTS f1
GSM-Preferred
GSM
UMTS f1, cell 1

GSM-Preferred
GSM
GSM
GSM
entrance cell
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
20
Indoor with two cell solution separate frequency

- Strive to create dominant pilot coverage for the indoor f1 cell
- Re-use 2G DAS with one to one relation, if feasible
- Design In-building system as it will be operating on the macro frequency
x
UMTS f2
IF-Preferred
UMTS f1
GSM-Preferred
UMTS f1
GSM-Preferred
GSM
UMTS f1
IF-Preferred
GSM
GSM
GSM
entrance cell
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
21
Operator Cost Analysis

Indoor solutions
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
22
Indoor solutions analysed for two large buildings

2-way splitter
60m
2-way splitter
55m
10F
6
7dB coupler80m
30m
9F
2-way splitter
7dB coupler
8F
7dB coupler
7F
6F
10dB coupler
6
5F
10dB coupler
4F
10dB coupler
Macro 20 / 30W
Main-Remote
3W / 10W
3F
15dB coupler
Micro 5 / 20W
2F
15dB coupler
6
1F
15dB coupler
Passive DAS
RBS
Pico RBS
250 mW
RF-repeater
300 mW
Stand-alone and
with DAS
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
RBS+
Optical repeaters
100 mW / 3W
10W
2005-02-24
Optical hybrid
DAS
23
DAS vs. low power RBS and single antenna

Distributed Antenna System
+ A multi-cast one cell solution for coverage
+ One sector provides trunking gain in channel elements and
transmission
+ Prepared for Multi OpCo in-building system
Low power RBS and single antenna
-
Many cells required for coverage

More complex mobility handling
High RBS investment cost
Many active components affecting MTBF & OPEX
Over deliver capacity due to small coverage area per RBS
Optimize quality versus cost

18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
24
CAPEX
Example 1: Coverage 384 kbps, low macro NW interference
Transmission & Power

Site material & preparation
RNC SW
RNC HW
RBS & repeater (incl. inst.)
DAS
100%
ro
M
ic
M
ac
ro
20
W
(1
20 s)
W
M
M
(1
ai
i
c
ns)
ro
re
5W
m
ot
M
(1
e
ai
s)
10
nr
W
em
O
(1
pt
o
.r
s
te
ep
3W )
ea
O
(1
te
pt
r
.r
O
1 0 s)
pt
ep
W
.r
e
(1
a
ep
s)
ea ter
3
te
Pi
r1 W(
co
1s
00
)
25
m
Pi
W
0m
co
(1
W
25
0m s )
st
an
d- W (
al
on 3s)
e
(2
0s
)
50%
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
25
Pico stand-alone CAPEX

2.5 times higher
than other solutions
CAPEX
Example 2: Coverage 384 kbps, high macro NW interference
RXI (incl inst. & site cost)

Transmission & Power
Site material & prep.
RNC SW
100%
Low power
solutions
not viable
RNC HW
RBS & repeater (incl. inst.)
DAS
M
M
ic
ai
ro
n5W
re
m
ot
M
e
ai
10
nW
re
O
m
pt
ot
.r
e
ep
3W
ea
O
te
pt
r1
.r
O
0W
ep
pt
e
.r
at
ep
er
ea
3W
R
te
F
r1
re
00
pe
m
at
W
er
3
Pi
00
co
m
25 Pic
W
0m o 2
50
W
m
st
W
an
dal
on
e
20
W
ro
M
ic
M
ac
ro
20
W
50%
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
26
Pico stand-alone CAPEX

5 times higher
than other solutions
2-way splitter
Re-use of 2G IBS?
60m
55m
2-way splitter
10F
7dB coupler
80m
In general some difficulties to reuse 2G IBS for 3G
30m
2-way splitter
Higher loss in DAS, (cables)

Worse link budget indoor,
compared to GSM900
7dB coupler
9F
8F
Many existing IBS can still be reused for WCDMA.
7F
7dB coupler
6F
10dB coupler
Omni antenna
Keep cell structure for GSM but

split cell for 3G
RRU
5F
10dB coupler
1/2" Cable
4F
2-way splitter
10dB coupler
Coupler
6
Lower cable/splitting loss for

WCDMA, 2-split up to ~6dB gain
15dB coupler
Jumper Cable
6
2F
15dB coupler
Diplexer
2005-02-24
1F
15dB coupler
Also enable use of 2nd carrier for

upper part of building
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
3F
2G RBS
RRU
27
Indoor solutions analysis results

Best for coverage and capacity
for more than one cell
Macro 20 / 30W
Main-Remote
3W / 10W
Pico RBS
250 mW
RF-repeater
300 mW
Stand-alone and
with DAS
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
Micro 5 / 20W
High Power Micro

Best for coverage of one cell
RBS+
Optical repeaters
100 mW / 3W
10W
2005-02-24
28
Ericsson small size RBS solutions

Flexible coverage & capacity
Macro fill-in, street cell
Power options (3-20W)
Scalable capacity (1-6 sectors)
Well suited for challenging sites
Enables fast roll out
Design is optimized for street cell
and fill in coverage
3W, 10W
Main-Remote
RBS 3402
3x1 3x2 6x1
In-building
3W in Pico RBS size (AC power supply)
Enables optimized site location
Power flexibility for frequency reuse
Cost savings due to trunking of channel
elements and transmission
20W in Micro RBS size
RRU 3W and 10W mix is possible
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
29
5W, 20W
Micro
RBS 3303
1x1
RRU
RRU
optical fiber
RBS3412
Main unit
RRU
Main Remote RBS

The optimal indoor
product
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
30
Conclusions
WCDMA as good indoor coverage as GSM 900 if co-sited
A one to one relation of 3G on 2G sites, for outdoor and indoor, is

the recommended approach
Indoor coverage from outside first alternative
Main Remote and High Power micro RBS are excellent

products for indoor coverage small, high power, multisector
18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B
2005-02-24
31

WCDMA Indoor Coverage

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WCDMA Indoor Coverage

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WCDMA Indoor Coverage

The one to one approach

18/22109-FGB 101 135 Uen Rev B